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Klotho, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Damage in Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020239. [PMID: 36829798 PMCID: PMC9952437 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing oxidative stress stands at the center of a prevention and control strategy for mitigating cellular senescence and aging. Kidney disease is characterized by a premature aging syndrome, and to find a modulator targeting against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence in kidney cells could be of great significance to prevent and control the progression of this disease. This review focuses on the pathogenic mechanisms related to the appearance of oxidative stress damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney disease. In this scenario, the anti-aging Klotho protein plays a crucial role by modulating signaling pathways involving the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and the transcription factors FoxO and Nrf2, known antioxidant systems, and other known mitochondrial function regulators, such as mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), Wnt/β-catenin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1 alpha), transcription factor EB, (TFEB), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma). Therefore, Klotho is postulated as a very promising new target for future therapeutic strategies against oxidative stress, mitochondria abnormalities, and cellular senescence in kidney disease patients.
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102
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Rambout X, Cho H, Blanc R, Lyu Q, Miano JM, Chakkalakal JV, Nelson GM, Yalamanchili HK, Adelman K, Maquat LE. PGC-1α senses the CBC of pre-mRNA to dictate the fate of promoter-proximally paused RNAPII. Mol Cell 2023; 83:186-202.e11. [PMID: 36669479 PMCID: PMC9951270 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PGC-1α is well established as a metazoan transcriptional coactivator of cellular adaptation in response to stress. However, the mechanisms by which PGC-1α activates gene transcription are incompletely understood. Here, we report that PGC-1α serves as a scaffold protein that physically and functionally connects the DNA-binding protein estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), cap-binding protein 80 (CBP80), and Mediator to overcome promoter-proximal pausing of RNAPII and transcriptionally activate stress-response genes. We show that PGC-1α promotes pausing release in a two-arm mechanism (1) by recruiting the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) and (2) by outcompeting the premature transcription termination complex Integrator. Using mice homozygous for five amino acid changes in the CBP80-binding motif (CBM) of PGC-1α that destroy CBM function, we show that efficient differentiation of primary myoblasts to myofibers and timely skeletal muscle regeneration after injury require PGC-1α binding to CBP80. Our findings reveal how PGC-1α activates stress-response gene transcription in a previously unanticipated pre-mRNA quality-control pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rambout
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Roméo Blanc
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Qing Lyu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Joseph M Miano
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Nelson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hari K Yalamanchili
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karen Adelman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lynne E Maquat
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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103
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Gong S, Yin Y, Han M, Guo L, Duan Y, Guo Q, Yin J, Li F. Dietary leucine and fish oil cooperatively regulate skeletal myofiber type transformation via the CaMKII signaling pathway of pigs. Food Funct 2023; 14:133-147. [PMID: 36524418 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03338k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of dietary leucine (Leu) and fish oil (FO) on skeletal myofiber type transformations in pigs and their potential interactions. The results showed that Leu increased the content of Leu, upregulated myocyte enhancer factor-2C (MEF2C) and activated the CaMKII-AMPK/SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. FO increased adiponectin and fatty acid beta-oxidation of LD muscle. Activation of the adiponectin signaling pathway by FO further enhanced the CaMKII pathway and upregulated the expression of MEF2C. Moreover, we found that Leu increased cyclic AMP and caffeine, and FO increased linoleic acid and glutamine in muscle metabolites, which may be the cause of myofiber conversion. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary Leu and FO co-regulated the transformation from glycolytic to oxidative skeletal myofiber type. It is hypothesized that there is an interaction between amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, possibly via the CaMKII signaling pathway to upregulate MEF2 and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiming Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. .,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yunju Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. .,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liu Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Fengna Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China. .,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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104
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Mendoza M, Mendoza M, Lubrino T, Briski S, Osuji I, Cuala J, Ly B, Ocegueda I, Peralta H, Garcia BA, Zurita-Lopez CI. Arginine Methylation of the PGC-1α C-Terminus Is Temperature-Dependent. Biochemistry 2023; 62:22-34. [PMID: 36535003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We set out to determine whether the C-terminus (amino acids 481-798) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α, UniProt Q9UBK2), a regulatory metabolic protein involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, and respiration, is an arginine methyltransferase substrate. Arginine methylation by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) alters protein function and thus contributes to various cellular processes. In addition to confirming methylation of the C-terminus by PRMT1 as described in the literature, we have identified methylation by another member of the PRMT family, PRMT7. We performed in vitro methylation reactions using recombinant mammalian PRMT7 and PRMT1 at 37, 30, 21, 18, and 4 °C. Various fragments of PGC-1α corresponding to the C-terminus were used as substrates, and the methylation reactions were analyzed by fluorography and mass spectrometry to determine the extent of methylation throughout the substrates, the location of the methylated PGC-1α arginine residues, and finally, whether temperature affects the deposition of methyl groups. We also employed two prediction programs, PRmePRed and MePred-RF, to search for putative methyltransferase sites. Methylation reactions show that arginine residues R548 and R753 in PGC-1α are methylated at or below 30 °C by PRMT7, while methylation by PRMT1 was detected at these same residues at 30 °C. Computational approaches yielded additional putative methylarginine sites, indicating that since PGC-1α is an intrinsically disordered protein, additional methylated arginine residues have yet to be experimentally verified. We conclude that temperature affects the extent of arginine methylation, with more methylation by PRMT7 occurring below physiological temperature, uncovering an additional control point for PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Mariel Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tiffany Lubrino
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Chapman University, 450 N. Center Street, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Sidney Briski
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Chapman University, 450 N. Center Street, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Immaculeta Osuji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Janielle Cuala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Brendan Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Ivan Ocegueda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Harvey Peralta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Cecilia I Zurita-Lopez
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Chapman University, 450 N. Center Street, Orange, California 92866, United States
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105
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Liu Y, Wu A, Mo R, Zhou Q, Song L, Li Z, Zhao H, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Zhuo Y, Wu D, Che L. Dietary lysolecithin supplementation improves growth performance of weaned piglets via improving nutrients absorption, lipid metabolism, and redox status. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad293. [PMID: 37668533 PMCID: PMC10541851 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysolecithin is widely used as emulsifier to improve the digestibility and retention of fat. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary lysolecithin supplementation on growth performance, nutrients absorption, lipid metabolism, and redox status of weaned pigs. A total of 60 weaned piglets were assigned into 2 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design, receiving basal diet with 0 or 1,000 mg/kg lysolecithin for a period of 28 d. Each dietary treatment had 10 replicates with 3 piglets per replicate. Growth performance and fecal score were monitored during trial. Samples of blood, ileum, and liver tissues were collected and analyzed for serology, intestinal histomorphology, and lipid metabolism-related gene and protein expressions. Dietary lysolecithin supplementation increased average daily gain (+15%, P < 0.05) and tended to increase average daily feed intake (+14%, P = 0.08) in overall experimental period. At final, the average body weight of piglets in lysolecithin group was 10% greater than that of control group (P = 0.09). In addition, dietary lysolecithin supplementation improved the ability of nutrients absorption as indicated by the higher d-xylose level in plasma (P < 0.05). Moreover, piglets from lysolecithin group had higher concentration of high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05), but lower triglyceride (P < 0.05) in plasma. The inclusion of lysolecithin in diet increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in plasma and liver (P < 0.05), but attenuated the levels of malondialdehyde and GSSG in ileum (P < 0.05). The upregulation of lipogenesis-related genes (FAS and ACC), downregulation of lipolysis (PNPLA2 and PABP1), and lipid mobilization (PGC-1α and SRIT1) genes were observed in lysolecithin relative to control piglets. Compared with control group, dietary lysolecithin supplementation upregulated protein expressions of GPX4, SREBP1, and LPL in liver and LPL in ileum (P < 0.05). Collectively, our study indicates that dietary lysolecithin supplementation improved growth performance of weaned piglets, which may be associated with the improved nutrients absorption, redox status, and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ruixia Mo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianghui Song
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Kemin (China) Technologies Co., Ltd., Sanzao, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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106
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Acevedo LM, Vidal Á, Aguilera-Tejero E, Rivero JLL. Muscle plasticity is influenced by renal function and caloric intake through the FGF23-vitamin D axis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C14-C28. [PMID: 36409180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00306.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the main metabolic engine in the body of vertebrates, is endowed with great plasticity. The association between skeletal muscle plasticity and two highly prevalent health problems: renal dysfunction and obesity, which share etiologic links as well as many comorbidities, is a subject of great relevance. It is important to know how these alterations impact on the structure and function of skeletal muscle because the changes in muscle phenotype have a major influence on the quality of life of the patients. This literature review aims to discuss the influence of a nontraditional axis involving kidney, bone, and muscle on skeletal muscle plasticity. In this axis, the kidneys play a role as the main site for vitamin D activation. Renal disease leads to a direct decrease in 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D, secondary to reduction in renal functional mass, and has an indirect effect, through phosphate retention, that contributes to stimulate fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion by bone cells. FGF23 downregulates the renal synthesis of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D and upregulates its metabolism. Skeletal production of FGF23 is also regulated by caloric intake: it is increased in obesity and decreased by caloric restriction, and these changes impact on 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D concentrations, which are decreased in obesity and increased after caloric restriction. Thus, both phosphate retention, that develops secondary to renal failure, and caloric intake influence 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D that in turn plays a key role in muscle anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Acevedo
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, University of Cordoba, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Ángela Vidal
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Escolástico Aguilera-Tejero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - José-Luis L Rivero
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, University of Cordoba, Spain
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107
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Colasuonno F, Price R, Moreno S. Upper and Lower Motor Neurons and the Skeletal Muscle: Implication for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2023; 236:111-129. [PMID: 37955773 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between motor neurons and the skeletal muscle during development and in pathologic contexts are addressed in this Chapter.We discuss the developmental interplay of muscle and nervous tissue, through neurotrophins and the activation of differentiation and survival pathways. After a brief overview on muscular regulatory factors, we focus on the contribution of muscle to early and late neurodevelopment. Such a role seems especially intriguing in relation to the epigenetic shaping of developing motor neuron fate choices. In this context, emphasis is attributed to factors regulating energy metabolism, which may concomitantly act in muscle and neural cells, being involved in common pathways.We then review the main features of motor neuron diseases, addressing the cellular processes underlying clinical symptoms. The involvement of different muscle-associated neurotrophic factors for survival of lateral motor column neurons, innervating MyoD-dependent limb muscles, and of medial motor column neurons, innervating Myf5-dependent back musculature is discussed. Among the pathogenic mechanisms, we focus on oxidative stress, that represents a common and early trait in several neurodegenerative disorders. The role of organelles primarily involved in reactive oxygen species scavenging and, more generally, in energy metabolism-namely mitochondria and peroxisomes-is discussed in the frame of motor neuron degeneration.We finally address muscular involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a multifactorial degenerative disorder, hallmarked by severe weight loss, caused by imbalanced lipid metabolism. Even though multiple mechanisms have been recognized to play a role in the disease, current literature generally assumes that the primum movens is neuronal degeneration and that muscle atrophy is only a consequence of such pathogenic event. However, several lines of evidence point to the muscle as primarily involved in the disease, mainly through its role in energy homeostasis. Data from different ALS mouse models strongly argue for an early mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle tissue, possibly leading to motor neuron disturbances. Detailed understanding of skeletal muscle contribution to ALS pathogenesis will likely lead to the identification of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Colasuonno
- Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachel Price
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Biology, Neurogenetics and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Biology, Neurogenetics and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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108
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Brooks SV, Guzman SD, Ruiz LP. Skeletal muscle structure, physiology, and function. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 195:3-16. [PMID: 37562874 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98818-6.00013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Contractions of skeletal muscles provide the stability and power for all body movements. Consequently, any impairment in skeletal muscle function results in some degree of instability or immobility. Factors that influence skeletal muscle structure and function are therefore of great interest scientifically and clinically. Injury, neuromuscular disease, and old age are among the factors that commonly contribute to impairments in skeletal muscle function. The goal of this chapter is to summarize the fundamentals of skeletal muscle structure and function to provide foundational knowledge for this Handbook volume. We examine the molecular interactions that provide the basis for the generation of force and movement, discuss mechanisms of the regulation of contraction at the level of myofibers, and introduce concepts of the activation and control of muscle function in vivo. Where appropriate, the chapter updates the emerging science that will increase understanding of muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Steve D Guzman
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lloyd P Ruiz
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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109
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Oikawa S, Akimoto T. Functional Analysis of MicroRNAs in Skeletal Muscle. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:339-349. [PMID: 36995606 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are highly conserved in vertebrates and play important roles in diverse biological processes. miRNAs function to fine-tune gene expression by accelerating the degradation of mRNA and/or by inhibiting protein translation. Identification of muscle-specific miRNAs has extended our knowledge of the molecular network in skeletal muscle. Here we describe methods that are commonly used to analyze the function of miRNAs in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Oikawa
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Akimoto
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
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110
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Whitehall JC, Smith ALM, Greaves LC. Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Ageing. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:77-98. [PMID: 36600130 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles present in most eukaryotic cells which play a significant role in numerous aspects of cell biology. These include carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism to generate cellular energy through oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, cell signalling, haem biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species production. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a feature of many human ageing tissues, and since the discovery that mitochondrial DNA mutations were a major underlying cause of changes in oxidative phosphorylation capacity, it has been proposed that they have a role in human ageing. However, there is still much debate on whether mitochondrial DNA mutations play a causal role in ageing or are simply a consequence of the ageing process. This chapter describes the structure of mammalian mitochondria, and the unique features of mitochondrial genetics, and reviews the current evidence surrounding the role of mitochondrial DNA mutations in the ageing process. It then focusses on more recent discoveries regarding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in stem cell ageing and age-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Whitehall
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna L M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura C Greaves
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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111
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Handy RM, Holloway GP. Insights into the development of insulin resistance: Unraveling the interaction of physical inactivity, lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biology. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1151389. [PMID: 37153211 PMCID: PMC10157178 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1151389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While impairments in peripheral tissue insulin signalling have a well-characterized role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the specific mechanisms that contribute to these impairments remain debatable. Nonetheless, a prominent hypothesis implicates the presence of a high-lipid environment, resulting in both reactive lipid accumulation and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the induction of peripheral tissue insulin resistance. While the etiology of insulin resistance in a high lipid environment is rapid and well documented, physical inactivity promotes insulin resistance in the absence of redox stress/lipid-mediated mechanisms, suggesting alternative mechanisms-of-action. One possible mechanism is a reduction in protein synthesis and the resultant decrease in key metabolic proteins, including canonical insulin signaling and mitochondrial proteins. While reductions in mitochondrial content associated with physical inactivity are not required for the induction of insulin resistance, this could predispose individuals to the detrimental effects of a high-lipid environment. Conversely, exercise-training induced mitochondrial biogenesis has been implicated in the protective effects of exercise. Given mitochondrial biology may represent a point of convergence linking impaired insulin sensitivity in both scenarios of chronic overfeeding and physical inactivity, this review aims to describe the interaction between mitochondrial biology, physical (in)activity and lipid metabolism within the context of insulin signalling.
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Lin W, Zhao Y, Liu C, Yan Y, Ou Q. Quercetin supplementation and muscular atrophy in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2127764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqun Lin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuibing Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Yan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaowen Ou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Metformin Attenuates Slow-to-Fast Fiber Shift and Proteolysis Markers Increase in Rat Soleus after 7 Days of Rat Hindlimb Unloading. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010503. [PMID: 36613942 PMCID: PMC9820761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle unloading leads to signaling alterations that cause muscle atrophy and weakness. The cellular energy sensor AMPK can regulate myofiber-type shift, calcium-dependent signaling and ubiquitin-proteasome system markers. We hypothesized that the prevention of p-AMPK downregulation during the first week of muscle unloading would impede atrophy development and the slow-to-fast shift of soleus muscle fibers, and the aim of the study was to test this hypothesis. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: placebo control (C), control rats treated with metformin (C + M), 7 days of hindlimb suspension (HS) + placebo (7HS), and 7 days of HS + metformin administration (7HS + M). In the soleus of the 7HS rats, we detected a slow-to-fast fiber-type shift as well as a significant downregulation of MEF-2D and p300 in the nuclei. In the 7HS group, we also found decreases in p-ACC (AMPK target) protein level and in the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases and p-CaMK II protein level vs. the C group. The 7-day metformin treatment for soleus muscle unloading (1) prevented slow-to-fast fiber-type shift; (2) counteracted changes in the p-ACC protein level; (3) hindered changes in the nuclear protein level of the slow myosin expression activators MEF-2D and p300, but did not affect NFATc1 signaling; and (4) attenuated the unloading-induced upregulation of MuRF-1, atrogin-1, ubiquitin and myostatin mRNA expression, but did not prevent soleus muscle atrophy. Thus, metformin treatment during muscle disuse could be useful to prevent the decrease in the percentage of slow-type fatigue-resistant muscle fibers.
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He Y, Tan X, Li H, Yan Z, Chen J, Zhao R, Irwin DM, Wu W, Zhang S, Li B. Phosphoproteomic analysis identifies differentially expressed phosphorylation sites that affect muscle fiber type in pigs. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1006739. [PMID: 36618708 PMCID: PMC9815177 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1006739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle of livestock is composed of both fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers, which are key factors in their meat quality. However, the role of protein phosphorylation in muscle fiber type is not completely understood. Here, a fast-twitch (biceps femoris, BF) and slow-twitch (soleus, SOL) muscle tissue sample was collected from three male offspring of Duroc and Meishan pigs. We demonstrate that the meat quality of SOL muscle is significantly better than that of BF muscle. We further used phosphoproteomic profiling of BF and SOL muscles to identify differences between these muscle types. A total of 2,327 phosphorylation sites from 770 phosphoproteins were identified. Among these sites, 287 differentially expressed phosphorylation sites (DEPSs) were identified between BF and SOL. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of proteins containing DEPSs showed that these phosphorylated proteins were enriched in the glycolytic process GO term and the AMPK signaling pathway. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis reveals that these phosphorylated proteins interact with each other to regulate the transformation of muscle fiber type. These analyses reveal that protein phosphorylation modifications are involved in porcine skeletal muscle fiber type transformation. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which protein phosphorylation regulates muscle fiber type transformation and meat quality in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofan Tan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruixue Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - David M. Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wangjun Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bojiang Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Bojiang Li,
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da Silva MT, Joshi AS, Koike TE, Roy A, Mathukumalli K, Sopariwala DH, Narkar VA, Kumar A. Targeted ablation of Fn14 receptor improves exercise capacity and inhibits neurogenic muscle atrophy. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22666. [PMID: 36412933 PMCID: PMC10587854 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201583r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a prevalent complication in multiple chronic diseases and disuse conditions. Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily and a bona fide receptor of the TWEAK cytokine. Accumulating evidence suggests that Fn14 levels are increased in catabolic conditions as well as during exercise. However, the role of Fn14 in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function remains poorly understood. In this study, through the generation of novel skeletal muscle-specific Fn14-knockout mice, we have investigated the muscle role of Fn14 in the regulation of exercise capacity and denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Our results demonstrate that there was no difference in skeletal muscle mass between control and muscle-specific Fn14-knockout mice. Nevertheless, the deletion of Fn14 in skeletal muscle significantly improved exercise capacity and resistance to fatigue. This effect of Fn14 deletion is associated with an increased proportion of oxidative myofibers and higher capillaries number per myofiber in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that targeted deletion of Fn14 inhibits denervation-induced muscle atrophy in adult mice. Deletion of Fn14 reduced the expression of components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and non-canonical NF-kappa B signaling in denervated skeletal muscle, as well as increased the phosphorylation of Akt kinase and FoxO3a transcription factor. Collectively, our results demonstrate that targeted inhibition of Fn14 improves exercise tolerance and inhibits denervation-induced muscle atrophy in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiricris Tomaz da Silva
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Aniket S. Joshi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Tatiana E. Koike
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Anirban Roy
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Kavya Mathukumalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Danesh H. Sopariwala
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vihang A. Narkar
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Christen L, Broghammer H, Rapöhn I, Möhlis K, Strehlau C, Ribas‐Latre A, Gebhardt C, Roth L, Krause K, Landgraf K, Körner A, Rohde‐Zimmermann K, Hoffmann A, Klöting N, Ghosh A, Sun W, Dong H, Wolfrum C, Rassaf T, Hendgen‐Cotta UB, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Heiker JT, Weiner J. Myoglobin-mediated lipid shuttling increases adrenergic activation of brown and white adipocyte metabolism and is as a marker of thermogenic adipocytes in humans. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1108. [PMID: 36480426 PMCID: PMC9731393 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruitment and activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) results in increased energy expenditure (EE) via thermogenesis and represents an intriguing therapeutic approach to combat obesity and treat associated diseases. Thermogenesis requires an increased and efficient supply of energy substrates and oxygen to the BAT. The hemoprotein myoglobin (MB) is primarily expressed in heart and skeletal muscle fibres, where it facilitates oxygen storage and flux to the mitochondria during exercise. In the last years, further contributions of MB have been assigned to the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the regulation of cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels and also lipid binding. There is a substantial expression of MB in BAT, which is induced during brown adipocyte differentiation and BAT activation. This suggests MB as a previously unrecognized player in BAT contributing to thermogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS This study analyzed the consequences of MB expression in BAT on mitochondrial function and thermogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Using MB overexpressing, knockdown or knockout adipocytes, we show that expression levels of MB control brown adipocyte mitochondrial respiratory capacity and acute response to adrenergic stimulation, signalling and lipolysis. Overexpression in white adipocytes also increases their metabolic activity. Mutation of lipid interacting residues in MB abolished these beneficial effects of MB. In vivo, whole-body MB knockout resulted in impaired thermoregulation and cold- as well as drug-induced BAT activation in mice. In humans, MB is differentially expressed in subcutaneous (SC) and visceral (VIS) adipose tissue (AT) depots, differentially regulated by the state of obesity and higher expressed in AT samples that exhibit higher thermogenic potential. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate for the first time a functional relevance of MBs lipid binding properties and establish MB as an important regulatory element of thermogenic capacity in brown and likely beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Christen
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Helen Broghammer
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Inka Rapöhn
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Kevin Möhlis
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Christian Strehlau
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Aleix Ribas‐Latre
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Claudia Gebhardt
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Lisa Roth
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL)University Hospital for Children and AdolescentsMedical FacultyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL)University Hospital for Children and AdolescentsMedical FacultyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Kerstin Rohde‐Zimmermann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of FoodNutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of FoodNutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of FoodNutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of FoodNutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular MedicineWest German Heart and Vascular CenterMedical FacultyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Ulrike B. Hendgen‐Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular MedicineWest German Heart and Vascular CenterMedical FacultyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - John T. Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
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Bennett CF, Latorre-Muro P, Puigserver P. Mechanisms of mitochondrial respiratory adaptation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:817-835. [PMID: 35804199 PMCID: PMC9926497 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. These changes can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics that in turn support mitochondrial respiration. The main regulatory components of mitochondrial energetic adaptation include: the transcription coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and associated transcription factors; mTOR and endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling; TOM70-dependent mitochondrial protein import; the cristae remodelling factors, including mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and OPA1; lipid remodelling; and the assembly and metabolite-dependent regulation of respiratory complexes. These adaptive molecular and structural mechanisms increase respiration to maintain basic processes specific to cell types and tissues. Failure to execute these regulatory responses causes cell damage and inflammation or senescence, compromising cell survival and the ability to adapt to energetically demanding conditions. Thus, mitochondrial adaptive cellular processes are important for physiological responses, including to nutrient availability, temperature and physical activity, and their failure leads to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as metabolic and age-associated diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Bennett
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Latorre-Muro
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Going nuclear: Molecular adaptations to exercise mediated by myonuclei. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 5:2-9. [PMID: 36994170 PMCID: PMC10040379 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fibers are multinucleated, and muscle fiber nuclei (myonuclei) are believed to be post-mitotic and are typically situated near the periphery of the myofiber. Due to the unique organization of muscle fibers and their nuclei, the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating myofiber homeostasis in unstressed and stressed conditions (e.g., exercise) are unique. A key role myonuclei play in regulating muscle during exercise is gene transcription. Only recently have investigators had the capability to identify molecular changes at high resolution exclusively in myonuclei in response to perturbations in vivo. The purpose of this review is to describe how myonuclei modulate their transcriptome, epigenetic status, mobility and shape, and microRNA expression in response to exercise in vivo. Given the relative paucity of high-fidelity information on myonucleus-specific contributions to exercise adaptation, we identify specific gaps in knowledge and provide perspectives on future directions of research.
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119
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Chen X, Chen L, Qin Y, Mao Z, Jia G, Zhao H, Liu G, Huang Z. Effect of dietary L-theanine supplementation on skeletal muscle fiber type transformation in weaning piglets. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1389-1397. [PMID: 35635297 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2078725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of dietary L-theanine (LT) supplementation on skeletal muscle fiber type transformation in weaning piglets. Our data showed that LT significantly increased the slow-twitch fiber-related genes expression and the percentage of slow oxidative fiber, and decreased the MyHC IIb mRNA expression and the percentage of fast glycolytic fiber. In addition, LT significantly increased the succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities and increased the LDH activities. In addition, LT significantly affected mitochondrial biogenesis and function and antioxidative related genes expression, and increased the protein expression of p-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreased the Keap1 protein levels. Furthermore, our data indicated that LT significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1), calcineurin A (CnA), and NFATc1, suggesting that dietary LT supplementation promoted skeletal muscle fiber transition from types II to I might be via activation of calcineurin signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings suggested that LT promoted the transformation of muscle fiber types from slow oxidative to fast glycolytic by increasing antioxidant capacity and improving mitochondrial biogenesis and function and activation of calcineurin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lili Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yaning Qin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhengyu Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
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Regulation of yak longissimus lumborum energy metabolism and tenderness by the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathways during postmortem storage. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277410. [PMID: 36441689 PMCID: PMC9704559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPK can activate nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), increasing the ratio of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio, leading to the activation of the energy receptor SIRT1. This pathway is known as the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. SIRT1 deacetylates and activate LKB1, which is activated by phosphorylation of AMPK (Thr172) and inhibited by phosphorylase-mediated dephosphorylation of AMPK. At the same time, increased AMP/ATP and NAD+/NADH ratios lead to the activation of AMPK and SIRT1. SIRT1 and AMPK can activate each other forming a positive feedback loop, which can strengthen catabolism and weaken anabolism thus maintaining energy homeostasis of energy metabolism. At present, there has been no systematic study on AMPK-associated signaling cascades in stored yak meat and details of the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling under these conditions are not known. In this study, NAD+, NADH were added to yak longissimus thoracic muscles to study AMPK pathway regulation by AMPK/SIRT1 signaling. NAD+ significantly increased the activity of AMPK and glycolysis during postmortem maturation, increased the rate of energy metabolism, and increased the expression of AMPK protein, indicating that NAD+ increased energy metabolism in the stored muscle by promoting AMPK activity. NADH treatment inhibited both AMPK activation and glycolysis, together with increasing the pH in the muscle. The results showed that SIRT1 activation elevated the activity of AMPK, leading to its phosphorylation and the activation of glycolysis. Thus, AMPK activity was found to increase in yak meat as an adaptation to hypoxic conditions. This allows more effective regulation of energy production and improves the tenderness of the meat.
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Roberts BM, Deemer SE, Smith DL, Mobley JA, Musi N, Plaisance EP. Effects of an exogenous ketone ester using multi-omics in skeletal muscle of aging C57BL/6J male mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1041026. [PMID: 36458175 PMCID: PMC9707703 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous ketone ester supplementation provides a means to increase circulating ketone concentrations without the dietary challenges imposed by ketogenic diets. Our group has shown that oral R,S-1,3, butanediol diacetoacetate (BD-AcAc2) consumption results in body weight loss or maintenance with moderate increases in circulating ketones. We have previously shown a diet consisting of 25% BD-AcAc2 can maintain lean body mass (LBM) and induce fat mass (FM) loss in young, healthy male mice, but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if a diet consisting of 25% BD-AcAc2 (ketone ester, KE) would alter body composition, transcriptional regulation, the proteome, and the lipidome of skeletal muscle in aged mice. We hypothesized that the KE group would remain weight stable with improvements in body composition compared to controls, resulting in a healthy aging phenotype. Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 16) were purchased from Jackson Laboratories at 72 weeks of age. After 1 week of acclimation, mice were weighed and randomly assigned to one of two groups (n = 8 per group): control (CON) or KE. A significant group by time interaction was observed for body weight (P < 0.001), with KE fed mice weighing significantly less than CON. FM increased over time in the control group but was unchanged in the KE group. Furthermore, LBM was not different between CON and KE mice despite KE mice weighing less than CON mice. Transcriptional analysis of skeletal muscle identified 6 genes that were significantly higher and 21 genes that were significantly lower in the KE group compared to CON. Lipidomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified no differences between groups for any lipid species, except for fatty acyl chains in triacylglycerol which was 46% lower in the KE group. Proteomics analysis identified 44 proteins that were different between groups, of which 11 were lower and 33 were higher in the KE group compared to CON. In conclusion, 72-week-old male mice consuming the exogenous KE, BD-AcAc2, had lower age-related gains in body weight and FM compared to CON mice. Furthermore, transcriptional and proteomics data suggest a signature in skeletal muscle of KE-treated mice consistent with markers of improved skeletal muscle regeneration, improved electron transport chain utilization, and increased insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Roberts
- Department of Human Studies, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sarah E. Deemer
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James A. Mobley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- San Antonio Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Eric P. Plaisance
- Department of Human Studies, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Eric P. Plaisance,
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Sonntag T, Ancel S, Karaz S, Cichosz P, Jacot G, Giner MP, Sanchez-Garcia JL, Pannérec A, Moco S, Sorrentino V, Cantó C, Feige JN. Nicotinamide riboside kinases regulate skeletal muscle fiber-type specification and are rate-limiting for metabolic adaptations during regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1049653. [PMID: 36438552 PMCID: PMC9682158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1049653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide riboside kinases (NRKs) control the conversion of dietary Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) to NAD+, but little is known about their contribution to endogenous NAD+ turnover and muscle plasticity during skeletal muscle growth and remodeling. Using NRK1/2 double KO (NRKdKO) mice, we investigated the influence of NRKs on NAD+ metabolism and muscle homeostasis, and on the response to neurogenic muscle atrophy and regeneration following muscle injury. Muscles from NRKdKO animals have altered nicotinamide (NAM) salvage and a decrease in mitochondrial content. In single myonuclei RNAseq of skeletal muscle, NRK2 mRNA expression is restricted to type IIx muscle fibers, and perturbed NAD+ turnover and mitochondrial metabolism shifts the fiber type composition of NRKdKO muscle to fast glycolytic IIB fibers. NRKdKO does not influence muscle atrophy during denervation but alters muscle repair after myofiber injury. During regeneration, muscle stem cells (MuSCs) from NRKdKO animals hyper-proliferate but fail to differentiate. NRKdKO also alters the recovery of NAD+ during muscle regeneration as well as mitochondrial adaptations and extracellular matrix remodeling required for tissue repair. These metabolic perturbations result in a transient delay of muscle regeneration which normalizes during myofiber maturation at late stages of regeneration via over-compensation of anabolic IGF1-Akt signaling. Altogether, we demonstrate that NAD+ synthesis controls mitochondrial metabolism and fiber type composition via NRK1/2 and is rate-limiting for myogenic commitment and mitochondrial maturation during skeletal muscle repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sonntag
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
- EPFL School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Ancel
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
- EPFL School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Karaz
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Maria Pilar Giner
- Nestle Institute of Food Safety & Analytical Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Alice Pannérec
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Moco
- Nestle Institute of Food Safety & Analytical Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Carles Cantó
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
- EPFL School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme N. Feige
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
- EPFL School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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123
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PGC-1α in the myofibers regulates the balance between myogenic and adipogenic progenitors affecting muscle regeneration. iScience 2022; 25:105480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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124
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HAIBO X, ALBATTAT A, PHUOC JC, BAOGUI W. Explore the role of irisin in mitohormesis by PGC-1α. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.22.04790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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125
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Skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling in heart failure: An update on mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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126
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Zhu Y, Qi Z, Ding S. Exercise-Induced Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Browning: How to Explain the Conflicting Findings? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13142. [PMID: 36361929 PMCID: PMC9657384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been widely studied in targeting against metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance due to its role in nutrient metabolism and energy regulation. Whether exercise promotes adipose tissue thermogenesis and browning remains controversial. The results from human and rodent studies contradict each other. In our opinion, fat thermogenesis or browning promoted by exercise should not be a biomarker of health benefits, but an adaptation under the stress between body temperature regulation and energy supply and expenditure of multiple organs. In this review, we discuss some factors that may contribute to conflicting experimental results, such as different thermoneutral zones, gender, training experience and the heterogeneity of fat depots. In addition, we explain that a redox state in cells potentially causes thermogenesis heterogeneity and different oxidation states of UCP1, which has led to the discrepancies noted in previous studies. We describe a network by which exercise orchestrates the browning and thermogenesis of adipose tissue with total energy expenditure through multiple organs (muscle, brain, liver and adipose tissue) and multiple pathways (nerve, endocrine and metabolic products), providing a possible interpretation for the conflicting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Sino-French Joint Research Center of Sport Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Sino-French Joint Research Center of Sport Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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127
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Kuhnen G, Guedes Russomanno T, Murgia M, Pillon NJ, Schönfelder M, Wackerhage H. Genes Whose Gain or Loss of Function Changes Type 1, 2A, 2X, or 2B Muscle Fibre Proportions in Mice—A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112933. [PMID: 36361732 PMCID: PMC9658117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle fibres are classified as type 1, 2A, 2X, and 2B. These classifications are based on the expression of the dominant myosin heavy chain isoform. Muscle fibre-specific gene expression and proportions of muscle fibre types change during development and in response to exercise, chronic electrical stimulation, or inactivity. To identify genes whose gain or loss-of-function alters type 1, 2A, 2X, or 2B muscle fibre proportions in mice, we conducted a systematic review of transgenic mouse studies. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the 2009 PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework. We identified 25 “muscle fibre genes” (Akirin1, Bdkrb2, Bdnf, Camk4, Ccnd3, Cpt1a, Epas1, Esrrg, Foxj3, Foxo1, Il15, Mapk12, Mstn, Myod1, Ncor1, Nfatc1, Nol3, Ppargc1a, Ppargc1b, Sirt1, Sirt3, Thra, Thrb, Trib3, and Vgll2) whose gain or loss-of-function significantly changes type 1, 2A, 2X or 2B muscle fibre proportions in mice. The fact that 15 of the 25 muscle fibre genes are transcriptional regulators suggests that muscle fibre-specific gene expression is primarily regulated transcriptionally. A reanalysis of existing datasets revealed that the expression of Ppargc1a and Vgll2 increases and Mstn decreases after exercise, respectively. This suggests that these genes help to regulate the muscle fibre adaptation to exercise. Finally, there are many known DNA sequence variants of muscle fibre genes. It seems likely that such DNA sequence variants contribute to the large variation of muscle fibre type proportions in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabryela Kuhnen
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany
| | - Tiago Guedes Russomanno
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Murgia
- Max Planck Institute, Martinsried, 82152 Munich, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schönfelder
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany
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128
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PGC-1α and MEF2 Regulate the Transcription of the Carnitine Transporter OCTN2 Gene in C2C12 Cells and in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012304. [PMID: 36293168 PMCID: PMC9604316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OCTN2 (SLC22A5) is a carnitine transporter whose main function is the active transport of carnitine into cells. In skeletal muscle and other organs, the regulation of the SLC22A5 gene transcription has been shown to depend on the nuclear transcription factor PPAR-α. Due to the observation that the muscle OCTN2 mRNA level is maintained in PPAR-α knock-out mice and that PGC-1α overexpression in C2C12 myoblasts increases OCTN2 mRNA expression, we suspected additional regulatory pathways for SLC22A5 gene transcription. Indeed, we detected several binding sites of the myocyte-enhancing factor MEF2 in the upstream region of the SLC22A5 gene, and MEF2C/MEF2D stimulated the activity of the OCTN2 promoter in gene reporter assays. This stimulation was increased by PGC-1α and was blunted for a SLC22A5 promoter fragment with a mutated MEF2 binding site. Further, we demonstrated the specific binding of MEF2 to the SLC22A5 gene promoter, and a supershift of the MEF2/DNA complex in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In immunoprecipitation experiments, we could demonstrate the interaction between PGC-1α and MEF2. In addition, SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, blocked and interferon-γ stimulated the transcriptional activity of the SLC22A5 gene promoter. Finally, mice with muscle-specific overexpression of OCTN2 showed an increase in OCTN2 mRNA and protein expression in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, we detected and characterized a second stimulatory pathway of SLC22A5 gene transcription in skeletal muscle, which involves the nuclear transcription factor MEF2 and co-stimulation by PGC-1α and which is controlled by the p38 MAPK signaling cascade.
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129
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The Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Mulberry Leaf Powder on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Tibetan Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202743. [PMID: 36290129 PMCID: PMC9597806 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This research was conducted to study the effects of dietary inclusion of mulberry leaf powder (MLP) on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant activity, and carcass traits of Tibetan pigs. Eighteen Tibetan pigs (33.8 ± 1.1 kg) were assigned to two treatment groups randomly and received either the control diet (CON) or a basal diet containing 8% MLP (MLP) for two months. After the two-month feeding trial, the MLP group showed lower backfat thickness while a higher lean percentage. Compared with CON pigs, MLP pigs had higher serum CAT activity. In addition, dietary MLP supplementation significantly decreased the muscle shear force. Muscle fiber morphology analysis showed that MLP pigs had larger muscle fiber density while smaller muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Up-regulated gene expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC)IIa was also observed in MLP pigs. These results indicate that the enhanced antioxidant activity and altered muscle fiber type and morphology appeared to contribute to the improvement of meat quality in Tibetan pigs fed diets containing MLP.
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130
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Konopka MJ, van den Bunder JCML, Rietjens G, Sperlich B, Zeegers MP. Genetics of long-distance runners and road cyclists-A systematic review with meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1414-1429. [PMID: 35839336 PMCID: PMC9544934 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the genetic variants of (inter)national competing long-distance runners and road cyclists compared with controls. The Medline and Embase databases were searched until 15 November 2021. Eligible articles included genetic epidemiological studies published in English. A homogenous group of endurance athletes competing at (inter)national level and sedentary controls were included. Pooled odds ratios based on the genotype frequency with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using random effects models. Heterogeneity was addressed by Q-statistics, and I2 . Sources of heterogeneity were examined by meta-regression and risk of bias was assessed with the Clark Baudouin scale. This systematic review comprised of 43 studies including a total of 3938 athletes and 10 752 controls in the pooled analysis. Of the 42 identified genetic variants, 13 were investigated in independent studies. Significant associations were found for five polymorphisms. Pooled odds ratio [95%CI] favoring athletes compared with controls was 1.42 [1.12-1.81] for ACE II (I/D), 1.66 [1.26-2.19] for ACTN3 TT (rs1815739), 1.75 [1.34-2.29] for PPARGC1A GG (rs8192678), 2.23 [1.42-3.51] for AMPD1 CC (rs17602729), and 2.85 [1.27-6.39] for HFE GG + CG (rs1799945). Risk of bias was low in 25 (58%) and unclear in 18 (42%) articles. Heterogeneity of the results was low (0%-20%) except for HFE (71%), GNB3 (80%), and NOS3 (76%). (Inter)national competing runners and cyclists have a higher probability to carry specific genetic variants compared with controls. This study confirms that (inter)national competing endurance athletes constitute a unique genetic make-up, which likely contributes to their performance level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Johanna Konopka
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of EpidemiologyMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Gerard Rietjens
- Department of Human Physiology and Sports MedicineVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative & Experimental Exercise Science & Training, Institute of Sport ScienceUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Maurice Petrus Zeegers
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of EpidemiologyMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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131
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Jaitovich A. Impaired regenerative capacity contributes to skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C974-C989. [PMID: 35993519 PMCID: PMC9484993 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00292.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Locomotor skeletal muscle dysfunction is a relevant comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is strongly associated with worse clinical outcomes including higher mortality. Over the last decades, a large body of literature helped characterize the process, defining the disruptive muscle phenotype caused by COPD that involves reduction in muscle mass, force-generation capacity, fatigue-tolerance, and regenerative potential following injury. A major limitation in the field has been the scarcity of well-calibrated animal models to conduct mechanistic research based on loss- and gain-of-function studies. This article provides an overall description of the process, the tools available to mechanistically investigate it, and the potential role of mitochondrially driven metabolic signals on the regulation muscle regeneration after injury in COPD. Finally, a description of future avenues to further expand on the area is proposed based on very recent evidence involving mitochondrial metabolic cues affecting myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Jaitovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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132
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Lee YG, Woo H, Choi C, Ryoo GH, Chung YJ, Lee JH, Jung SJ, Chae SW, Bae EJ, Park BH. Supplementation with Vitis vinifera Jingzaojing Leaf and Shoot Extract Improves Exercise Endurance in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194033. [PMID: 36235689 PMCID: PMC9573418 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Switching myofibers from the fast-glycolytic type to the slow-oxidative type is associated with an alleviation of the symptoms associated with various cardiometabolic diseases. This study investigates the effect of Vitis vinifera Jingzaojing leaf and shoot extract (JLSE), which is rich in phenolic compounds, on the regulation of skeletal muscle fiber-type switching, as well as the associated underlying mechanism. Male C57BL/6N mice were supplemented orally with vehicle or JLSE (300 mg/kg) and subjected to treadmill exercise training. After four weeks, mice in the JLSE-supplemented group showed significantly improved exercise endurance and mitochondrial oxidative capacity. JLSE supplementation increased the expression of sirtuin 6 and decreased Sox6 expression, thereby elevating the number of mitochondria and encouraging fast-to-slow myofiber switching. The results of our experiments suggest that JLSE supplementation reprograms myofiber composition to favor the slow oxidative type, ultimately enhancing exercise endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gyun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Hayoung Woo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Chul Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ga-Hee Ryoo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Yun-Jo Chung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.J.B.); (B.-H.P.)
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.J.B.); (B.-H.P.)
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133
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Zhao M, Banhos Danneskiold-Samsøe N, Ulicna L, Nguyen Q, Voilquin L, Lee DE, White JP, Jiang Z, Cuthbert N, Paramasivam S, Bielczyk-Maczynska E, Van Rechem C, Svensson KJ. Phosphoproteomic mapping reveals distinct signaling actions and activation of muscle protein synthesis by Isthmin-1. eLife 2022; 11:e80014. [PMID: 36169399 PMCID: PMC9592085 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted protein isthmin-1 (Ism1) mitigates diabetes by increasing adipocyte and skeletal muscle glucose uptake by activating the PI3K-Akt pathway. However, while both Ism1 and insulin converge on these common targets, Ism1 has distinct cellular actions suggesting divergence in downstream intracellular signaling pathways. To understand the biological complexity of Ism1 signaling, we performed phosphoproteomic analysis after acute exposure, revealing overlapping and distinct pathways of Ism1 and insulin. We identify a 53% overlap between Ism1 and insulin signaling and Ism1-mediated phosphoproteome-wide alterations in ~450 proteins that are not shared with insulin. Interestingly, we find several unknown phosphorylation sites on proteins related to protein translation, mTOR pathway, and, unexpectedly, muscle function in the Ism1 signaling network. Physiologically, Ism1 ablation in mice results in altered proteostasis, including lower muscle protein levels under fed and fasted conditions, reduced amino acid incorporation into proteins, and reduced phosphorylation of the key protein synthesis effectors Akt and downstream mTORC1 targets. As metabolic disorders such as diabetes are associated with accelerated loss of skeletal muscle protein content, these studies define a non-canonical mechanism by which this antidiabetic circulating protein controls muscle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | | | - Livia Ulicna
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Quennie Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Laetitia Voilquin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - David E Lee
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - James P White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Nickeisha Cuthbert
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Shrika Paramasivam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Ewa Bielczyk-Maczynska
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Capucine Van Rechem
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
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134
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Limonium tetragonum Promotes Running Endurance in Mice through Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Oxidative Fiber Formation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193904. [PMID: 36235564 PMCID: PMC9570989 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether Limonium tetragonum, cultivated in a smart-farming system with LED lamps, could increase exercise capacity in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were orally administered vehicle or Limonium tetragonum water extract (LTE), either 30 or 100 mg/kg, and were subjected to moderate intensity treadmill exercise for 4 weeks. Running distance markedly increased in the LTE group (100 mg/kg) by 80 ± 4% compared to the vehicle group, which was accompanied by a higher proportion of oxidative fibers (6 ± 6% vs. 10 ± 4%). Mitochondrial DNA content and gene expressions related to mitochondrial biogenesis were significantly increased in LTE-supplemented gastrocnemius muscles. At the molecular level, the expression of PGC-1α, a master regulator of fast-to-slow fiber-type transition, was increased downstream of the PKA/CREB signaling pathway. LTE induction of the PKA/CREB signaling pathway was also observed in C2C12 cells, which was effectively suppressed by PKA inhibitors H89 and Rp-cAMP. Altogether, these findings indicate that LTE treatment enhanced endurance exercise capacity via an improvement in mitochondrial biosynthesis and the increases in the formation of oxidative slow-twitch fibers. Future study is warranted to validate the exercise-enhancing effect of LTE in the human.
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135
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Murach KA, Liu Z, Jude B, Figueiredo VC, Wen Y, Khadgi S, Lim S, Morena da Silva F, Greene NP, Lanner JT, McCarthy JJ, Vechetti IJ, von Walden F. Multi-transcriptome analysis following an acute skeletal muscle growth stimulus yields tools for discerning global and MYC regulatory networks. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102515. [PMID: 36150502 PMCID: PMC9583450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myc is a powerful transcription factor implicated in epigenetic reprogramming, cellular plasticity, and rapid growth as well as tumorigenesis. Cancer in skeletal muscle is extremely rare despite marked and sustained Myc induction during loading-induced hypertrophy. Here, we investigated global, actively transcribed, stable, and myonucleus-specific transcriptomes following an acute hypertrophic stimulus in mouse plantaris. With these datasets, we define global and Myc-specific dynamics at the onset of mechanical overload-induced muscle fiber growth. Data collation across analyses reveals an under-appreciated role for the muscle fiber in extracellular matrix remodeling during adaptation, along with the contribution of mRNA stability to epigenetic-related transcript levels in muscle. We also identify Runx1 and Ankrd1 (Marp1) as abundant myonucleus-enriched loading-induced genes. We observed that a strong induction of cell cycle regulators including Myc occurs with mechanical overload in myonuclei. Additionally, in vivo Myc-controlled gene expression in the plantaris was defined using a genetic muscle fiber-specific doxycycline-inducible Myc-overexpression model. We determined Myc is implicated in numerous aspects of gene expression during early-phase muscle fiber growth. Specifically, brief induction of Myc protein in muscle represses Reverbα, Reverbβ, and Myh2 while increasing Rpl3, recapitulating gene expression in myonuclei during acute overload. Experimental, comparative, and in silico analyses place Myc at the center of a stable and actively transcribed, loading-responsive, muscle fiber-localized regulatory hub. Collectively, our experiments are a roadmap for understanding global and Myc-mediated transcriptional networks that regulate rapid remodeling in postmitotic cells. We provide open webtools for exploring the five RNA-seq datasets as a resource to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Murach
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA,For correspondence: Kevin A. Murach; Ivan J. Vechetti; Ferdinand von Walden
| | - Zhengye Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Baptiste Jude
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden,Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Vandre C. Figueiredo
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yuan Wen
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sabin Khadgi
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Seongkyun Lim
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA,Cachexia Research Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Francielly Morena da Silva
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA,Cachexia Research Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Greene
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA,Cachexia Research Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Johanna T. Lanner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - John J. McCarthy
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ivan J. Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, USA,For correspondence: Kevin A. Murach; Ivan J. Vechetti; Ferdinand von Walden
| | - Ferdinand von Walden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden,For correspondence: Kevin A. Murach; Ivan J. Vechetti; Ferdinand von Walden
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136
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Zhu Z, Wang X, Song Z, Zuo X, Ma Y, Zhang Z, Ju C, Liang Z, Li K, Hu X, Wang Z. Photobiomodulation promotes repair following spinal cord injury by restoring neuronal mitochondrial bioenergetics via AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:991421. [PMID: 36172183 PMCID: PMC9512226 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.991421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insufficient neuronal mitochondrial bioenergetics supply occurs after spinal cord injury (SCI), leading to neuronal apoptosis and impaired motor function. Previous reports have shown that photobiomodulation (PBM) could reduce neuronal apoptosis and promote functional recovery, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether PBM improved prognosis by promoting neuronal mitochondrial bioenergetics after SCI. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: a Sham group, an SCI group, an SCI + PBM group and an SCI + PBM + Compound C group. After SCI model was established, PBM and Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) injection were carried out. The level of neuron apoptosis, the recovery of motor function and mitochondrial function were observed at different times (7, 14, and 28 days). The AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway was hypothesized to be a potential target through which PBM could affect neuronal mitochondrial bioenergetics. In vitro, ventral spinal cord 4.1 (VSC4.1) cells were irradiated with PBM and cotreated with Compound C after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Results: PBM promoted the recovery of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity, increased ATP production, alleviated neuronal apoptosis and reversed motor dysfunction after SCI. The activation of the AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway after SCI were facilitated by PBM but inhibited by Compound C. Equally important, PBM could inhibit OGD-induced VSC4.1 cell apoptosis by increasing ATP production whereas these changes could be abolished by Compound C. Conclusion: PBM activated AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics and exerted neuroprotective effects after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xueyu Hu
- *Correspondence: Zhe Wang, ; Xueyu Hu,
| | - Zhe Wang
- *Correspondence: Zhe Wang, ; Xueyu Hu,
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137
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Washington TA, Haynie WS, Schrems ER, Perry RA, Brown LA, Williams BM, Rosa-Caldwell ME, Lee DE, Brown JL. Effects of PGC-1α overexpression on the myogenic response during skeletal muscle regeneration. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 4:198-208. [PMID: 36090923 PMCID: PMC9453693 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate from injury is crucial for locomotion, metabolic health, and quality of life. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1A) is a transcriptional coactivator required for mitochondrial biogenesis. Increased mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with improved muscle cell differentiation, however PGC1A's role in skeletal muscle regeneration following damage requires further investigation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle-specific PGC1A overexpression during regeneration following damage. 22 C57BL/6J (WT) and 26 PGC1A muscle transgenic (A1) mice were injected with either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, uninjured control) or Bupivacaine (MAR, injured) into their tibialis anterior (TA) muscle to induce skeletal muscle damage. TA muscles were extracted 3- or 28-days post-injury and analyzed for markers of regenerative myogenesis and protein turnover. Pgc1a mRNA was ∼10–20 fold greater in A1 mice. Markers of protein synthesis, AKT and 4EBP1, displayed decreases in A1 mice compared to WT at both timepoints indicating a decreased protein synthetic response. Myod mRNA was ∼75% lower compared to WT 3 days post-injection. WT mice exhibited decreased cross-sectional area of the TA muscle at 28 days post-injection with bupivacaine compared to all other groups. PGC1A overexpression modifies the myogenic response during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone A. Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Corresponding author. University of Arkansas Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, 155 Stadium Dr. HPER 309, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Wesley S. Haynie
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Eleanor R. Schrems
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Richard A. Perry
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Lemuel A. Brown
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Breanna M. Williams
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - David E. Lee
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jacob L. Brown
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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138
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Nakagawara K, Takeuchi C, Ishige K. 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP promote myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis by activating myogenin and PGC-1α in a mouse myoblast C2C12 cell line. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 31:101309. [PMID: 35865271 PMCID: PMC9294244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotides are basic monomeric building blocks for RNA considered as conditionally essential nutrients. They are normally produced in sufficient quantity, but can become insufficient upon stressful challenges. The administration of pyrimidine nucleotides, such as cytidine-5′-monophosphate (5′-CMP) and uridine-5′-monophosphate (5′-UMP), enables rats to endure prolonged exercise. However, the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. To investigate these mechanisms, we studied the effect of 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP on muscular differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in myoblast C2C12 cells. 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP were found to increase the mRNA levels of myogenin, which is a myogenic regulatory protein expressed during the final differentiation step and fusion of myoblasts into myotubes. 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP also promoted myoblast differentiation into myotube cells. 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP further increased the mRNA levels of PGC-1α which regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and skeletal muscle fiber type. In addition, 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP increased mitochondrial DNA copy number and enhanced mRNA levels of slow-muscle myosin heavy chains. Moreover, cytidine and uridine, nucleosides corresponding to 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP, markedly promoted myotube formation in C2C12 cells. Considering the metabolism and absorption of nucleotides, the active bodies underlying the effects observed with 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP could be cytidine and uridine. In conclusion, our results indicate that 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP can promote myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as increase slow-twitch fiber via the activation of myogenin and PGC-1α. In addition, 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP may be considered as safe and effective agents to enhance muscle growth and improve the endurance in skeletal muscles. 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP enhanced myogenin expression and myotube formation in C2C12 cells. 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP enhanced the expression of PGC-1α and slow-muscle myosin heavy chains in C2C12 cells. 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 cells. Corresponding nucleosides promoted myotube formation in C2C12 cells.
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139
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Ma M, Cai B, Kong S, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Zhang X, Nie Q. PPARGC1A Is a Moderator of Skeletal Muscle Development Regulated by miR-193b-3p. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179575. [PMID: 36076970 PMCID: PMC9455960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat production performance is one of the most important factors in determining the economic value of poultry. Myofiber is the basic unit of skeletal muscle, and its physical and chemical properties determine the meat quality of livestock and poultry to a certain extent. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) as a transcriptional coactivator has been found to be widely involved in a series of biological processes. However, PPARGC1A is still poorly understood in chickens. In this manuscript, we reported that PPARGC1A was highly expressed in slow-twitch myofibers. PPARGC1A facilitated mitochondrial biogenesis and regulated skeletal muscle metabolism by mediating the flux of glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses revealed that PPARGC1A promoted intramuscular fatty acid oxidation, drove the transformation of fast-twitch to slow-twitch myofibers, and increased chicken skeletal muscle mass. Mechanistically, the expression level of PPARGC1A is regulated by miR-193b-3p. Our findings help to understand the genetic regulation of skeletal muscle development and provide a molecular basis for further research on the antagonism of skeletal muscle development and fat deposition in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manting Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bolin Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaofen Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-85285759
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140
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Reddy I, Yadav Y, Dey CS. Cellular and Molecular Regulation of Exercise—A Neuronal Perspective. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1551-1571. [PMID: 35986789 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of exercise on the proper functioning of the body have been firmly established. Multi-systemic metabolic regulation of exercise is the consequence of multitudinous changes that occur at the cellular level. The exercise responsome comprises all molecular entities including exerkines, miRNA species, growth factors, signaling proteins that are elevated and activated by physical exercise. Exerkines are secretory molecules released by organs such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and gut as a function of acute/chronic exercise. Exerkines such as FNDC5/irisin, Cathepsin B, Adiponectin, and IL-6 circulate through the bloodstream, cross the blood-brain barrier, and modulate the expression of important signaling molecules such as AMPK, SIRT1, PGC1α, BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF which further contribute to improved energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and overall well-being of the body and brain. These molecules are also responsible for neuroprotective adaptations that exercise confers on the brain and potentially ameliorate neurodegeneration. This review aims to detail important cellular and molecular species that directly or indirectly mediate exercise-induced benefits in the body, with an emphasis on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishitha Reddy
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Yamini Yadav
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Sankar Dey
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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141
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Yin A, Yuan R, Xiao Q, Zhang W, Xu K, Yang X, Yang W, Xu L, Wang X, Zhuang F, Li Y, Cai Z, Sun Z, Zhou B, He B, Shen L. Exercise-derived peptide protects against pathological cardiac remodeling. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104164. [PMID: 35843176 PMCID: PMC9297110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise training protects the heart against pathological cardiac remodeling and confers cardioprotection from heart failure. However, the underlying mechanism is still elusive. Methods An integrative analysis of multi-omics data of the skeletal muscle in response to exercise is performed to search for potential exerkine. Then, CCDC80tide is examined in humans after acute exercise. The role of CCDC80tide is assessed in a mouse model of hypertensive cardiac remodeling and in hypertension-mediated cell injury models. The transcriptomic analysis and immunoprecipitation assay are conducted to explore the mechanism. Findings The coiled-coil domain-containing protein 80 (CCDC80) is found strongly positively associated with exercise. Interestingly, exercise stimuli induce the secretion of C-terminal CCDC80 (referred as CCDC80tide hereafter) via EVs-encapsulated CCDC80tide into the circulation. Importantly, cardiac-specific expression of CCDC80tide protects against angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice. In in vitro studies, the expression of CCDC80tide reduces Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) inflammation, and mitigated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and collagen formation. To understand the cardioprotective effect of CCDC80tide, a transcriptomic analysis reveals a dramatic inhibition of the STAT3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling pathway in CCDC80tide overexpressing cells. Mechanistically, CCDC80tide selectively interacts with the kinase-active form of JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) and consequently inhibits its kinase activity to phosphorylate and activate STAT3. Interpretation The results provide new insights into exercise-afforded cardioprotection in pathological cardiac remodeling and highlight the therapeutic potential of CCDC80tide in heart failure treatment. Funding This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant/Award Numbers: 81770428, 81830010, 82130012, 81900438, 82100447); Shanghai Science and Technology Committee [Grant/Award Numbers: 21S11903000, 19JC1415702]; Emerging and Advanced Technology Programs of Hospital Development Center of Shanghai [Grant/Award Number: SHDC12018129]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2021M692108]; and China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents [BX20200211].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ruosen Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qingqing Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fei Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhaohua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Linghong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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O’Reilly C, Lin L, Wang H, Fluckey J, Sun Y. Ablation of Ghrelin Receptor Mitigates the Metabolic Decline of Aging Skeletal Muscle. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081368. [PMID: 36011279 PMCID: PMC9407208 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The orexigenic hormone ghrelin has multifaceted roles in health and disease. We have reported that ablation of the ghrelin receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), protects against metabolic dysfunction of adipose tissues in aging. Our further observation interestingly revealed that GHS-R deficiency phenocopies the effects of myokine irisin. In this study, we aim to determine whether GHS-R affects the metabolic functions of aging skeletal muscle and whether GHS-R regulates the muscular functions via irisin. We first studied the expression of metabolic signature genes in gastrocnemius muscle of young, middle-aged and old mice. Then, old GHS-R knockout (Ghsr−/−) mice and their wild type counterparts were used to assess the impact of GHS-R ablation on the metabolic characteristics of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. There was an increase of GHS-R expression in skeletal muscle during aging, inversely correlated with the decline of metabolic functions. Remarkedly the muscle of old GHS-R knockout (Ghsr−/−) mice exhibited a youthful metabolic profile and better maintenance of oxidative type 2 muscle fibers. Furthermore, old Ghsr−/− mice showed improved treadmill performance, supporting better functionality. Also intriguing to note was the fact that old GHS-R-ablated mice showed increased expression of the irisin precursor FNDC5 in the muscle and elevated plasma irisin levels in circulation, which supports a potential interrelationship between GHS-R and irisin. Overall, our work suggests that GHS-R has deleterious effects on the metabolism of aging muscle, which may be at least partially mediated by myokine irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen O’Reilly
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Ligen Lin
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - James Fluckey
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (Y.S.)
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143
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Li J, Shi M, Liu L, Wang J, Zhu M, Chen H. Tetrandrine Inhibits Skeletal Muscle Differentiation by Blocking Autophagic Flux. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158148. [PMID: 35897724 PMCID: PMC9331307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine is well known to act as a calcium channel blocker. It is a potential candidate for a tumor chemotherapy drug without toxicity. Tetrandrine inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces cell death through apoptosis and autophagy. As cancer patients usually experience complications with sarcopenia or muscle injury, we thus assessed the effects of tetrandrine on skeletal muscle cells. We report in this study that a low dose of tetrandrine (less than 5 μM) does not affect the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts, but significantly inhibits myogenic differentiation. Consistently, tetrandrine inhibited muscle regeneration after BaCl2-induced injury. Mechanistic experiments showed that tetrandrine decreased the p-mTOR level and increased the levels of LC3 and SQSTM1/p62 during differentiation. Ad-mRFP-GFP-LC3B transfection experiments revealed that the lysosomal quenching of GFP signals was suppressed by tetrandrine. Furthermore, the levels of DNM1L/Drp1, PPARGA1 and cytochrome C (Cyto C), as well as caspase 3 activation and ROS production, were decreased following tetrandrine administration, indicating that the mitochondrial network signaling was inhibited. Our results indicate that tetrandrine has dual effects on autophagic flux in myoblasts during differentiation, activation in the early stage and blockade in the late stage. The ultimate blocking of autophagic flux by tetrandrine led to the disruption of mitochondria remodeling and inhibition of myogenic differentiation. The inhibitory effects of tetrandrine on skeletal muscle differentiation may limit its application in advanced cancer patients. Thus, great attention should be paid to the clinical use of tetrandrine for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Meiyun Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Lutao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Minsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China;
| | - Huaqun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-85891050
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144
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Vijayakumar G, Swetha US, Sudhagar S. Tamoxifen modulates mitochondrial dynamics through AMPK and MAPK during nutrition deprivation. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1661-1671. [PMID: 35819094 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of cancer cells with their tumor microenvironment determines key events in the progression of the disease, therapeutic efficacy, and the development of drug resistance. Here, we presented evidence that tamoxifen support breast cancer growth during nutrition deprivation by modulating mitochondrial dynamics through AMPK and MAPK signaling. Tamoxifen enhances mitochondrial fusion under nutrition-deprived conditions by suppressing Drp1 ser616 phosphorylation and upregulating Mfn1 levels. Tamoxifen-induced mitochondrial fusion is mediated by the activation of AMPK as evident by the pharmacological inhibition of AMPK reverse mitochondrial fusion. Interestingly, JNK activation by tamoxifen controls the mitochondrial fusion morphology by downregulating Mfn2. Collectively, tamoxifen support cell growth by enhancing mitochondrial fusion by regulating stress kinase signaling under nutrition deprivation condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangipangi Vijayakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Uppalapati S Swetha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Selvaraju Sudhagar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
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145
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Molotsky E, Liu Y, Lieberman AP, Merry DE. Neuromuscular junction pathology is correlated with differential motor unit vulnerability in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:97. [PMID: 35791011 PMCID: PMC9258097 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked, neuromuscular neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure. The disease is characterized by a selective decrease in fast-muscle power (e.g., tongue pressure, grip strength) accompanied by a selective loss of fast-twitch muscle fibers. However, the relationship between neuromuscular junction (NMJ) pathology and fast-twitch motor unit vulnerability has yet to be explored. In this study, we used a cross-model comparison of two mouse models of SBMA to evaluate neuromuscular junction pathology, glycolytic-to-oxidative fiber-type switching, and cytoskeletal alterations in pre- and postsynaptic termini of tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius, and soleus hindlimb muscles. We observed significantly increased NMJ and myofiber pathology in fast-twitch, glycolytic motor units of the TA and gastrocnemius compared to slow-twitch, oxidative motor units of the soleus, as seen by decreased pre- and post-synaptic membrane area, decreased pre- and post-synaptic membrane colocalization, increased acetylcholine receptor compactness, a decrease in endplate area and complexity, and deficits in neurofilament heavy chain. Our data also show evidence for metabolic dysregulation and myofiber atrophy that correlate with severity of NMJ pathology. We propose a model in which the dynamic communicative relationship between the motor neuron and muscle, along with the developmental subtype of the muscle, promotes motor unit subtype specific vulnerability, metabolic alterations, and NMJ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana Molotsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Alumni Hall, Rm. 411E, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Alumni Hall, Rm. 411E, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Diane E Merry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Alumni Hall, Rm. 411E, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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146
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Takahashi K, Kitaoka Y, Hatta H. Effects of endurance training on metabolic enzyme activity and transporter protein levels in the skeletal muscles of orchiectomized mice. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:14. [PMID: 35768774 PMCID: PMC10717707 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether endurance training attenuates orchiectomy (ORX)-induced metabolic alterations. At 7 days of recovery after sham operation or ORX surgery, the mice were randomized to remain sedentary or undergo 5 weeks of treadmill running training (15-20 m/min, 60 min, 5 days/week). ORX decreased glycogen concentration in the gastrocnemius muscle, enhanced phosphofructokinase activity in the plantaris muscle, and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity in the plantaris and soleus muscles. Mitochondrial enzyme activities and protein content in the plantaris and soleus muscles were also decreased after ORX, but preserved, in part, by endurance training. In the treadmill running test (15 m/min, 60 min) after 4 weeks of training, orchiectomized sedentary mice showed impaired exercise performance, which was restored by endurance training. Thus, endurance training could be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent the hypoandrogenism-induced decline in muscle mitochondrial content and physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Takahashi
- Department of Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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147
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Sánchez-González C, Herrero Martín JC, Salegi Ansa B, Núñez de Arenas C, Stančič B, Pereira MP, Contreras L, Cuezva JM, Formentini L. Chronic inhibition of the mitochondrial ATP synthase in skeletal muscle triggers sarcoplasmic reticulum distress and tubular aggregates. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:561. [PMID: 35732639 PMCID: PMC9217934 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tubular aggregates (TA) are honeycomb-like arrays of sarcoplasmic-reticulum (SR) tubules affecting aged glycolytic fibers of male individuals and inducing severe sarcomere disorganization and muscular pain. TA develop in skeletal muscle from Tubular Aggregate Myopathy (TAM) patients as well as in other disorders including endocrine syndromes, diabetes, and ageing, being their primary cause unknown. Nowadays, there is no cure for TA. Intriguingly, both hypoxia and calcium dyshomeostasis prompt TA formation, pointing to a possible role for mitochondria in their setting. However, a functional link between mitochondrial dysfunctions and TA remains unknown. Herein, we investigate the alteration in muscle-proteome of TAM patients, the molecular mechanism of TA onset and a potential therapy in a preclinical mouse model of the disease. We show that in vivo chronic inhibition of the mitochondrial ATP synthase in muscle causes TA. Upon long-term restrained oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), oxidative soleus experiments a metabolic and structural switch towards glycolytic fibers, increases mitochondrial fission, and activates mitophagy to recycle damaged mitochondria. TA result from the overresponse of the fission controller DRP1, that upregulates the Store-Operate-Calcium-Entry and increases the mitochondria-SR interaction in a futile attempt to buffer calcium overloads upon prolonged OXPHOS inhibition. Accordingly, hypoxic muscles cultured ex vivo show an increase in mitochondria/SR contact sites and autophagic/mitophagic zones, where TA clusters grow around defective mitochondria. Moreover, hypoxia triggered a stronger TA formation upon ATP synthase inhibition, and this effect was reduced by the DRP1 inhibitor mDIVI. Remarkably, the muscle proteome of TAM patients displays similar alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and in ATP synthase contents. In vivo edaravone treatment in mice with restrained OXPHOS restored a healthy phenotype by prompting mitogenesis and mitochondrial fusion. Altogether, our data provide a functional link between the ATP synthase/DRP1 axis and the setting of TA, and repurpose edaravone as a possible treatment for TA-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-González
- grid.5515.40000000119578126Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular ‘“Severo Ochoa’” (CBMSO), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Cruz Herrero Martín
- grid.5515.40000000119578126Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular ‘“Severo Ochoa’” (CBMSO), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beñat Salegi Ansa
- grid.5515.40000000119578126Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular ‘“Severo Ochoa’” (CBMSO), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Núñez de Arenas
- grid.5515.40000000119578126Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular ‘“Severo Ochoa’” (CBMSO), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.452372.50000 0004 1791 1185Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brina Stančič
- grid.5515.40000000119578126Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular ‘“Severo Ochoa’” (CBMSO), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta P. Pereira
- grid.5515.40000000119578126Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular ‘“Severo Ochoa’” (CBMSO), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5515.40000000119578126Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular, IUBM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Contreras
- grid.5515.40000000119578126Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular ‘“Severo Ochoa’” (CBMSO), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5515.40000000119578126Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular, IUBM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.419651.e0000 0000 9538 1950Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Cuezva
- grid.5515.40000000119578126Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular ‘“Severo Ochoa’” (CBMSO), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.452372.50000 0004 1791 1185Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5515.40000000119578126Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular, IUBM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.512044.60000 0004 7666 5367Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Formentini
- grid.5515.40000000119578126Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular ‘“Severo Ochoa’” (CBMSO), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.452372.50000 0004 1791 1185Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5515.40000000119578126Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular, IUBM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.512044.60000 0004 7666 5367Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, Madrid, Spain
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148
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Kirk EA, Castellani CA, Doherty TJ, Rice CL, Singh SM. Local and systemic transcriptomic responses from acute exercise induced muscle damage of the human knee extensors. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:305-315. [PMID: 35723223 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00146.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is adaptable to a direct stimulus of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Local muscle gene networks and systemic circulatory factors respond to EIMD within days, mediating anti-inflammation and cellular proliferation. Here we show in humans that local EIMD of one muscle group is associated with a systemic response of gene networks that regulate muscle structure and cellular development in non-local homologous muscle not directly altered by EIMD. In the non-dominant knee-extensors of seven males, EIMD was induced through voluntary contractions against an electric motor that lengthened muscles. Neuromuscular assessments, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies and blood draws occurred at two days prior, and one and two days post the EIMD intervention. From the muscle and blood plasma samples, RNA-seq measured transcriptome changes of differential expression using bioinformatic analyses.Relative to the time of the EIMD intervention, local muscle that was mechanically damaged had 475 genes differentially expressed, as compared to 33 genes in the non-local homologous muscle. Gene and network analysis showed that activity of the local muscle was related to structural maintenance, repair, and energetic processes, whereas gene and network activity of the non-local muscle (that was not directly modified by the EIMD) were related to muscle cell development, stress response, and structural maintenance. Altered expression of two novel miRNAs related to the EIMD response supported that systemic factors were active. Together, these results indicate that the expression of genes and gene networks that control muscle contractile structure can be modified in response to non-local EIMD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Kirk
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina A Castellani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy J Doherty
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles L Rice
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Shiva M Singh
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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149
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Chen L, Shen Y, Xiong H, Guan Z, Si Y, Liang H, Zhu W, Cai Q. Role of PGC-1α in fiber type conversion in the palatopharyngeus muscle of OSA patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24551. [PMID: 35692078 PMCID: PMC9279980 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a high incidence and is harmful to health. It is characterized by repeated collapse of the upper airway. However, the mechanism underlying upper airway collapse is unclear. Methods Patients with OSA and chronic tonsillitis were studied. Pathological changes in palatopharyngeus muscle were detected. The expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ co‐activator‐1α (PGC‐1α) and nuclear respiratory factor‐1 (NRF‐1) in muscles was detected by PCR and Western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of type I and type II myofibril. Results The structure of the palatopharyngeus muscle was changed, and the expression of PGC‐1α and NRF‐1 was decreased in the OSA group compared with that in the control group. The expression of PGC‐1α, NRF‐1, and type I myofibril in C2C12 myoblasts was decreased by intermittent hypoxia exposure. The expression of type I myofibril was decreased when knocking down PGC‐1α. Conclusion OSA patients exhibited pathological damage in palatopharyngeus muscle. PGC‐1α was involved in the fiber type conversion in palatopharyngeus muscle caused by intermittent hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Yongqing Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Zhong Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Yu Si
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Haifeng Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
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150
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Targeting parvalbumin promotes M2 macrophage polarization and energy expenditure in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3301. [PMID: 35676256 PMCID: PMC9177846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise benefits M2 macrophage polarization, energy homeostasis and protects against obesity partially through exercise-induced circulating factors. Here, by unbiased quantitative proteomics on serum samples from sedentary and exercised mice, we identify parvalbumin as a circulating factor suppressed by exercise. Parvalbumin functions as a non-competitive CSF1R antagonist to inhibit M2 macrophage activation and energy expenditure in adipose tissue. More importantly, serum concentrations of parvalbumin positively correlate with obesity in mouse and human, while treating mice with a recombinant parvalbumin blocker prevents its interaction with CSF1R and promotes M2 macrophage polarization and ameliorates diet-induced obesity. Thus, although further studies are required to assess the significance of parvalbumin in mediating the effects of exercise, our results implicate parvalbumin as a potential therapeutic strategy against obesity in mice.
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