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Bhattacharjee S, Lee Y, Zhu B, Wu H, Chen Y, Chen H. Epsins in vascular development, function and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:833-842. [PMID: 32930806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epsins are a family of adaptor proteins involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In the vasculature, epsins 1 and 2 are functionally redundant members of this family that are expressed in the endothelial cells of blood vessels and the lymphatic system throughout development and adulthood. These proteins contain a number of peptide motifs that allow them to interact with lipid moieties and a variety of proteins. These interactions facilitate the regulation of a wide range of cell signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the involvement of epsins 1 and 2 in controlling vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. We also discuss the therapeutic implications of understanding the molecular mechanisms of epsin-mediated regulation in diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Bhattacharjee
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yang Lee
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Research Department, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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102
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Ojo OA, Aruleba RT, Adekiya TA, Sibuyi NRS, Ojo AB, Ajiboye BO, Oyinloye BE, Adeola HA, Fadaka AO. Deciphering the interaction of puerarin with cancer macromolecules: An in silico investigation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:848-859. [PMID: 32924840 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1819425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide expanding increment in cancer pervasiveness is disturbing and this disease ranks among the main causes of mortality in both developing and developed countries. Unfortunately, available treatment options come with serious side effects and do not guarantee complete success. Although numerous models have been proposed for the development of better therapeutic agent, however the exact mechanism are still poorly understood. This then calls for continued research aimed at developing new drugs as an alternative or adjuvant anticancer agents. Here we have identified five vital proteins (CDK-2, Bcl-2, CDK-6, VEGFR, and IGF-1R) that aid tumor growth and we inhibited the activity of these proteins with Puerarin. Puerarin is an isoflavonoid C-glycosides used as a therapeutic agent against various human ailments. Our findings revealed that Puerarin fulfilled Veber's rule. Added to this, CDK-6 and Bcl-2 had better glide scores for puerarin than the control (doxorubicin) and molecular simulation showed the stability of the complexes. These findings suggest that inhibiting CDK-6 and Bcl-2 with Puerarin could prove more effective in the management of cancer than doxorubicin. Overall, this study provides a new direction that could facilitate rational drug design for cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Natural Products, Drug and Biochemical Toxicology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Raphael Taiwo Aruleba
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tayo Alex Adekiya
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Adebola Busola Ojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.,Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Richards Bay, South Africa
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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103
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Tacconi C, He Y, Ducoli L, Detmar M. Epigenetic regulation of the lineage specificity of primary human dermal lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 2020; 24:67-82. [PMID: 32918672 PMCID: PMC7921079 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells (ECs) share several molecular and developmental features. However, these two cell types possess distinct phenotypic signatures, reflecting their different biological functions. Despite significant advances in elucidating how the specification of lymphatic and blood vascular ECs is regulated at the transcriptional level during development, the key molecular mechanisms governing their lineage identity under physiological or pathological conditions remain poorly understood. To explore the epigenomic signatures in the maintenance of EC lineage specificity, we compared the transcriptomic landscapes, histone composition (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) and DNA methylomes of cultured matched human primary dermal lymphatic and blood vascular ECs. Our findings reveal that blood vascular lineage genes manifest a more ‘repressed’ histone composition in lymphatic ECs, whereas DNA methylation at promoters is less linked to the differential transcriptomes of lymphatic versus blood vascular ECs. Meta-analyses identified two transcriptional regulators, BCL6 and MEF2C, which potentially govern endothelial lineage specificity. Notably, the blood vascular endothelial lineage markers CD34, ESAM and FLT1 and the lymphatic endothelial lineage markers PROX1, PDPN and FLT4 exhibited highly differential epigenetic profiles and responded in distinct manners to epigenetic drug treatments. The perturbation of histone and DNA methylation selectively promoted the expression of blood vascular endothelial markers in lymphatic endothelial cells, but not vice versa. Overall, our study reveals that the fine regulation of lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial transcriptomes is maintained via several epigenetic mechanisms, which are crucial to the maintenance of endothelial cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI H303, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuliang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI H303, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Ducoli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI H303, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI H303, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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104
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Campbell KT, Silva EA. Biomaterial Based Strategies for Engineering New Lymphatic Vasculature. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000895. [PMID: 32734721 PMCID: PMC8985521 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is essential for tissue regeneration and repair due to its pivotal role in resolving inflammation, immune cell surveillance, lipid transport, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Loss of functional lymphatic vasculature is directly implicated in a variety of diseases, including lymphedema, obesity, and the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Strategies that stimulate the formation of new lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) could provide an appealing new approach to reverse the progression of these diseases. However, lymphangiogenesis is relatively understudied and stimulating therapeutic lymphangiogenesis faces challenges in precise control of lymphatic vessel formation. Biomaterial delivery systems could be used to unleash the therapeutic potential of lymphangiogenesis for a variety of tissue regenerative applications due to their ability to achieve precise spatial and temporal control of multiple therapeutics, direct tissue regeneration, and improve the survival of delivered cells. In this review, the authors begin by introducing therapeutic lymphangiogenesis as a target for tissue regeneration, then an overview of lymphatic vasculature will be presented followed by a description of the mechanisms responsible for promoting new lymphatic vessels. Importantly, this work will review and discuss current biomaterial applications for stimulating lymphangiogenesis. Finally, challenges and future directions for utilizing biomaterials for lymphangiogenic based treatments are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eduardo A Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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105
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Vogrin AJ, Bower NI, Gunzburg MJ, Roufail S, Okuda KS, Paterson S, Headey SJ, Stacker SA, Hogan BM, Achen MG. Evolutionary Differences in the Vegf/Vegfr Code Reveal Organotypic Roles for the Endothelial Cell Receptor Kdr in Developmental Lymphangiogenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2023-2036.e4. [PMID: 31433980 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vascular development establishes embryonic and adult tissue fluid balance and is integral in disease. In diverse vertebrate organs, lymphatic vessels display organotypic function and develop in an organ-specific manner. In all settings, developmental lymphangiogenesis is considered driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-3 (VEGFR3), whereas a role for VEGFR2 remains to be fully explored. Here, we define the zebrafish Vegf/Vegfr code in receptor binding studies. We find that while Vegfd directs craniofacial lymphangiogenesis, it binds Kdr (a VEGFR2 homolog) but surprisingly, unlike in mammals, does not bind Flt4 (VEGFR3). Epistatic analyses and characterization of a kdr mutant confirm receptor-binding analyses, demonstrating that Kdr is indispensible for rostral craniofacial lymphangiogenesis, but not caudal trunk lymphangiogenesis, in which Flt4 is central. We further demonstrate an unexpected yet essential role for Kdr in inducing lymphatic endothelial cell fate. This work reveals evolutionary divergence in the Vegf/Vegfr code that uncovers spatially restricted mechanisms of developmental lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Vogrin
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Neil I Bower
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Menachem J Gunzburg
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sally Roufail
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kazuhide S Okuda
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Scott Paterson
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen J Headey
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Marc G Achen
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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106
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Fang Y, Kaszuba T, Imoukhuede PI. Systems Biology Will Direct Vascular-Targeted Therapy for Obesity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:831. [PMID: 32760294 PMCID: PMC7373796 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy adipose tissue expansion and metabolism during weight gain require coordinated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. These vascular growth processes rely on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of ligands and receptors (VEGFRs). Several studies have shown that controlling vascular growth by regulating VEGF:VEGFR signaling can be beneficial for treating obesity; however, dysregulated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are associated with several chronic tissue inflammation symptoms, including hypoxia, immune cell accumulation, and fibrosis, leading to obesity-related metabolic disorders. An ideal obesity treatment should minimize adipose tissue expansion and the advent of adverse metabolic consequences, which could be achieved by normalizing VEGF:VEGFR signaling. Toward this goal, a systematic investigation of the interdependency of vascular and metabolic systems in obesity and tools to predict personalized treatment ranges are necessary to improve patient outcomes through vascular-targeted therapies. Systems biology can identify the critical VEGF:VEGFR signaling mechanisms that can be targeted to regress adipose tissue expansion and can predict the metabolic consequences of different vascular-targeted approaches. Establishing a predictive, biologically faithful platform requires appropriate computational models and quantitative tissue-specific data. Here, we discuss the involvement of VEGF:VEGFR signaling in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, adipogenesis, and macrophage specification – key mechanisms that regulate adipose tissue expansion and metabolism. We then provide useful computational approaches for simulating these mechanisms, and detail quantitative techniques for acquiring tissue-specific parameters. Systems biology, through computational models and quantitative data, will enable an accurate representation of obese adipose tissue that can be used to direct the development of vascular-targeted therapies for obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingye Fang
- Imoukhuede Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tomasz Kaszuba
- Imoukhuede Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - P I Imoukhuede
- Imoukhuede Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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107
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Lee JY, Park S, Lim W, Song G. Orbencarb induces lethality and organ malformation in zebrafish embryos during development. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 233:108771. [PMID: 32335232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiocarbamates are one of the components of pesticides that target weeds by inhibiting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. Orbencarb, one of the isomeric thiocarbamates applied to wheat, maize, and soybean, has been found to have toxic effects on mammals and marine ecosystems. Although the toxicity ranges of orbencarb in different organisms are known, specific studies on the environmental contamination and harmful effects of orbencarb on non-target organisms are scarce. In this study, we observed that orbencarb induced embryotoxicity during zebrafish development as well as apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the intestine. It was further observed that orbencarb decreased the viability of the embryos and simultaneously affected the heart rate and vessel formation. Orbencarb decreased the mRNA levels of ccnd1, ccne1, cdk2, and cdk6 and induced abnormal development of the eyes, brain, yolk sac, and spinal cord in zebrafish embryos. Orbencarb also hampered vasculogenesis in the zebrafish embryos by inhibiting the mRNA expression of flt1, flt4, kdr, and vegfc. Collectively, these results suggested that orbencarb is embryotoxic and disrupts the normal growth of zebrafish embryos by inducing the generation of ROS and hampering vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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108
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Zhang F, Zarkada G, Yi S, Eichmann A. Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Junctions: Molecular Regulation in Physiology and Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:509. [PMID: 32547411 PMCID: PMC7274196 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) lining lymphatic vessels develop specialized cell-cell junctions that are crucial for the maintenance of vessel integrity and proper lymphatic vascular functions. Successful lymphatic drainage requires a division of labor between lymphatic capillaries that take up lymph via open "button-like" junctions, and collectors that transport lymph to veins, which have tight "zipper-like" junctions that prevent lymph leakage. In recent years, progress has been made in the understanding of these specialized junctions, as a result of the application of state-of-the-art imaging tools and novel transgenic animal models. In this review, we discuss lymphatic development and mechanisms governing junction remodeling between button and zipper-like states in LECs. Understanding lymphatic junction remodeling is important in order to unravel lymphatic drainage regulation in obesity and inflammatory diseases and may pave the way towards future novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Georgia Zarkada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sanjun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
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109
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Potential Circulating Biomarkers of Recurrence after Hepatic Resection or Liver Transplantation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051275. [PMID: 32443546 PMCID: PMC7281651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Improving surgical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients would greatly benefit from biomarkers. Angiogenesis and inflammation are hallmarks of HCC progression and therapeutic targets. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated preoperative clinical variables and circulating (plasma) biomarkers of angiogenesis and inflammation in a cohort of HCC patients who underwent liver resection (LR) or transplantation (LT). Biomarker correlation with outcomes—freedom of liver recurrence (FLR), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS)—was tested using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results: Survival outcomes associated with sVEGFR1, VEGF and VEGF-C in LT patients and with IL-10 in LR patients. Moreover, in LT patients within Milan criteria, higher plasma VEGF and sVEGFR1 were associated with worse outcomes, while in those outside Milan criteria lower plasma VEGF-C associated with better outcomes. Multivariate analysis indicated that adding plasma VEGF or VEGF-C to a predictive model including Milan criteria and AFP improved prediction of DFS and OS (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Survival outcomes after LR or LT differentially associated with angiogenic and inflammatory biomarkers. High plasma VEGF correlated with poorer prognosis within Milan criteria while low plasma VEGF-C associated with better prognosis outside Milan criteria. These candidate biomarkers should be further validated to improve patient stratification.
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110
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Kumar R, Mani AM, Singh NK, Rao GN. PKCθ-JunB axis via upregulation of VEGFR3 expression mediates hypoxia-induced pathological retinal neovascularization. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:325. [PMID: 32382040 PMCID: PMC7206019 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathological retinal neovascularization is the most common cause of vision loss. PKCθ has been shown to play a role in type 2 diabetes, which is linked to retinal neovascularization. Based on these clues, we have studied the role of PKCθ and its downstream target genes JunB and VEGFR3 in retinal neovascularization using global and tissue-specific knockout mouse models along with molecular biological approaches. Here, we show that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) induces PKCθ phosphorylation in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMVECs) and downregulation of its levels attenuates VEGFA-induced HRMVECs migration, sprouting and tube formation. Furthermore, the whole body deletion of PKCθ or EC-specific deletion of its target gene JunB inhibited hypoxia-induced retinal EC proliferation, tip cell formation and neovascularization. VEGFA also induced VEGFR3 expression via JunB downstream to PKCθ in the regulation of HRMVEC migration, sprouting, and tube formation in vitro and OIR-induced retinal EC proliferation, tip cell formation and neovascularization in vivo. In addition, VEGFA-induced VEGFR3 expression requires VEGFR2 activation upstream to PKCθ-JunB axis both in vitro and in vivo. Depletion of VEGFR2 or VEGFR3 levels attenuated VEGFA-induced HRMVEC migration, sprouting and tube formation in vitro and retinal neovascularization in vivo and it appears that these events were dependent on STAT3 activation. Furthermore, the observations using soluble VEGFR3 indicate that VEGFR3 mediates its effects on retinal neovascularization in a ligand dependent and independent manner downstream to VEGFR2. Together, these observations suggest that PKCθ-dependent JunB-mediated VEGFR3 expression targeting STAT3 activation is required for VEGFA/VEGFR2-induced retinal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Arul M Mani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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111
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. PPAR Beta/Delta and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051133. [PMID: 32375405 PMCID: PMC7291220 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. Three different isoforms, PPAR alpha, PPAR beta/delta and PPAR gamma have been identified. They all form heterodimers with retinoic X receptors to activate or repress downstream target genes dependent on the presence/absence of ligands and coactivators or corepressors. PPARs differ in their tissue expression profile, ligands and specific agonists and antagonists. PPARs attract attention as potential therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. PPAR alpha and gamma agonists are in clinical use for the treatment of dyslipidemias and diabetes. For both receptors, several clinical trials as potential therapeutic targets for cancer are ongoing. In contrast, PPAR beta/delta has been suggested as a therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. However, potential risks in the settings of cancer are less clear. A variety of studies have investigated PPAR beta/delta expression or activation/inhibition in different cancer cell models in vitro, but the relevance for cancer growth in vivo is less well documented and controversial. In this review, we summarize critically the knowledge of PPAR beta/delta functions for the different hallmarks of cancer biological capabilities, which interplay to determine cancer growth.
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112
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Song S, Cheng J, Yu BJ, Zhou L, Xu HF, Yang LL. LRG1 promotes corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in a corneal alkali burn mouse model. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:365-373. [PMID: 32309171 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) on corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. METHODS Corneal neovascularization and lymphatics were induced by establishing alkali burn mouse model. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the location of LRG1 in cornea tissues and to verify the source of LRG1-positive cells. Corneal whole-mount staining for CD31 (a panendothelial cell marker) and lymphatic endothelial hyluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1; lymphatic marker) was performed to detect the growth of blood and lymphatic vessels after local application of exogenous LRG1 protein or LRG1 siRNA. In addition, expressions of the proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) related proteins were detected using Western blot analysis. RESULTS LRG1 was dramatically increased in alkali burned corneal stroma in both the limbal and central areas. LRG1-positive cells in the corneal stroma were mainly derived from Vimentin-positive cells. Local application of exogenous LRG1 protein not only aggravated angiogenesis but also lymphangiogenesis significantly (P<0.01). LRG1 group upregulated the levels of VEGF and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family when compared with the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control group. We also found that LRG1-specific siRNA could suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis when compared with the scramble siRNA-treated group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION LRG1 can facilitate corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through heightening the stromal expression of VEGF-A, B, C, D and VEGFR-1, 2, 3; LRG1-specific siRNA can suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in corneal alkali burn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Song
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.,Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bing-Jie Yu
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China.,Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China.,Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Feng Xu
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
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113
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Ackermann M, Stark H, Neubert L, Schubert S, Borchert P, Linz F, Wagner WL, Stiller W, Wielpütz M, Hoefer A, Haverich A, Mentzer SJ, Shah HR, Welte T, Kuehnel M, Jonigk D. Morphomolecular motifs of pulmonary neoangiogenesis in interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00933-2019. [PMID: 31806721 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00933-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenetic role of angiogenesis in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is controversial. This study represents the first investigation of the spatial complexity and molecular motifs of microvascular architecture in important subsets of human ILD. The aim of our study was to identify specific variants of neoangiogenesis in three common pulmonary injury patterns in human ILD.We performed comprehensive and compartment-specific analysis of 24 human lung explants with usual intersitial pneumonia (UIP), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and alveolar fibroelastosis (AFE) using histopathology, microvascular corrosion casting, micro-comupted tomography based volumetry and gene expression analysis using Nanostring as well as immunohistochemistry to assess remodelling-associated angiogenesis.Morphometrical assessment of vessel diameters and intervascular distances showed significant differences in neoangiogenesis in characteristically remodelled areas of UIP, NSIP and AFE lungs. Likewise, gene expression analysis revealed distinct and specific angiogenic profiles in UIP, NSIP and AFE lungs.Whereas UIP lungs showed a higher density of upstream vascularity and lower density in perifocal blood vessels, NSIP and AFE lungs revealed densely packed alveolar septal blood vessels. Vascular remodelling in NSIP and AFE is characterised by a prominent intussusceptive neoangiogenesis, in contrast to UIP, in which sprouting of new vessels into the fibrotic areas is characteristic. The molecular analyses of the gene expression provide a foundation for understanding these fundamental differences between AFE and UIP and give insight into the cellular functions involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany .,Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,These authors contributed equally and share first and the last authorship, respectively
| | - Helge Stark
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,These authors contributed equally and share first and the last authorship, respectively
| | - Lavinia Neubert
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Paul Borchert
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friedemann Linz
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Willi L Wagner
- Dept of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Stiller
- Dept of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Wielpütz
- Dept of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Hoefer
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,Dept of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven J Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harshit R Shah
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,Clinic of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Kuehnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,These authors contributed equally and share first and the last authorship, respectively
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,These authors contributed equally and share first and the last authorship, respectively
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114
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Nakamoto S, Ito Y, Nishizawa N, Goto T, Kojo K, Kumamoto Y, Watanabe M, Majima M. Lymphangiogenesis and accumulation of reparative macrophages contribute to liver repair after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:395-410. [PMID: 32162023 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic tissue repair plays a critical role in determining the outcome of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Hepatic lymphatics participate in the clearance of dead tissues and contribute to the reparative process after acute hepatic injury; however, it remains unknown whether lymphangiogenesis in response to hepatic inflammation is involved in liver repair. Herein, we determined if hepatic lymphangiogenesis improves liver repair after hepatic I/R injury. Using a mouse model of hepatic I/R injury, we investigated hepatic lymphatic structure, growth, and function in injured murine livers. Hepatic I/R injury enhanced lymphangiogenesis around the portal tract and this was associated with increased expression of pro-lymphangiogenic growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D. Recombinant VEGF-D treatment facilitated liver repair in association with the expansion of lymphatic vessels and increased expression of genes related to the reparative macrophage phenotype. Treatment with a VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3) inhibitor suppressed liver repair, lymphangiogenesis, drainage function, and accumulation of VEGFR3-expressing reparative macrophages. VEGF-C and VEGF-D upregulated expression of genes related to lymphangiogenic factors and the reparative macrophage phenotype in cultured macrophages. These results suggest that activation of VEGFR3 signaling increases lymphangiogenesis and the number of reparative macrophages, both of which play roles in liver repair. Expanded lymphatics and induction of reparative macrophage accumulation may be therapeutic targets to enhance liver repair after hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Nakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Goto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Kojo
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kumamoto
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.
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115
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Cordesmeyer R, Laskawi R, Schliephake H, Kauffmann P, Beck J, Bornemann-Kolatzki K, Schütz E, Ströbel P, Kueffer S, Fichtner A, Bremmer F. Shallow whole genome sequencing of adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands identifies specific chromosomal aberrations related to tumor progression. Oral Oncol 2020; 103:104615. [PMID: 32120340 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) are characterized by high rate of local recurrence and late distant metastasis. Chromosomal changes in the evolution from primary tumors to metastatic disease of ACC have not been appointed. Here we investigated the chromosomal alterations of 53 primary tumors from ACC patients with different progressive states by shallow whole genome sequencing to identify potential new markers for metastatic spread. METHODS Illumina paired-end libraries were generated using DNA from the primary tumor of 53 ACC patients. Fragmented DNA was end-repaired, A-tailed and multiplex sequencing adapters were ligated. Sequence data were mapped to HG19 and a copy-number analysis was conducted using the QDNAseq R package (version 1.10.0). Outliers were removed and data was smoothed by applying the circular binary segmentation algorithm implemented in the R package copynumber version 1.22.0. A modified chromosomal instability (CNI) score was used to analyze deletions and amplifications. RESULTS Cluster analysis of the whole genome sequencing revealed that the frequency of chromosomal aberrations were increased in ACC with local recurrence and distant metastases in comparison to ACC patients with no metastatic spread. Specifically, chromosome 6 and 12 and exclusively the entire chromosome 4 showed an increased frequency of chromosomal alterations with tumor progression. CONCLUSION Our data show a molecular evolution from primary tumors to local recurrences and distant metastases and pinpoint the critical chromosomal regions involved in this process. These regions should be in the focus of the search for therapeutic targets of progressive ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cordesmeyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany.
| | - R Laskawi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany.
| | - H Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany.
| | - P Kauffmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany.
| | - J Beck
- Chronix Biomedical, Goettingen, Germany.
| | | | - E Schütz
- Chronix Biomedical, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - P Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany.
| | - S Kueffer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany.
| | - A Fichtner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany.
| | - F Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany.
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116
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Agarwal S, Harter ZJ, Krishnamachary B, Chen L, Nguyen T, Voelkel NF, Dhillon NK. Sugen-morphine model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894019898376. [PMID: 32110385 PMCID: PMC7000869 DOI: 10.1177/2045894019898376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal disease associated with pulmonary
vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy. Pre-clinical animal
models that reproduce the human pulmonary arterial hypertension process and
pharmacological response to available therapies are critical for future drug
development. The most prevalent animal model reproducing many aspects of
angioobliterative forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension is the rat
Sugen/hypoxia model in which Sugen, a vascular endothelial growth factor
receptor antagonist, primarily causes initiation of endothelial injury and later
in the presence of hypoxia promotes proliferation of apoptosis-resistant
endothelial cells. We previously demonstrated that exposure of human pulmonary
microvascular endothelium to morphine and HIV-proteins results in initial
apoptosis followed by increased proliferation. Here, we demonstrate that the
double-hit of morphine and Sugen 5416 (Sugen–morphine) in rats leads to the
development of pulmonary arterial hypertension with significant medial
hypertrophy of pre-acinar pulmonary arteries along with neo-intimal thickening
of intra-acinar vessels. In addition, the pulmonary smooth muscle and
endothelial cells isolated from Sugen–morphine rats showed hyperproliferation
and apoptotic resistance, respectively, in response to serum starvation. Our
findings support that the dual hit model of Sugen 5416 and morphine provides
another experimental strategy to induce significant pulmonary vascular
remodeling and development of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension pathology
in rats without exposure to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Zachery J Harter
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Tyler Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Norbert F Voelkel
- Department of Pulmonary Sciences, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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117
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Naito H, Iba T, Takakura N. Mechanisms of new blood-vessel formation and proliferative heterogeneity of endothelial cells. Int Immunol 2020; 32:295-305. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The vast blood-vessel network of the circulatory system is crucial for maintaining bodily homeostasis, delivering essential molecules and blood cells, and removing waste products. Blood-vessel dysfunction and dysregulation of new blood-vessel formation are related to the onset and progression of many diseases including cancer, ischemic disease, inflammation and immune disorders. Endothelial cells (ECs) are fundamental components of blood vessels and their proliferation is essential for new vessel formation, making them good therapeutic targets for regulating the latter. New blood-vessel formation occurs by vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during development. Induction of ECs termed tip, stalk and phalanx cells by interactions between vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its receptors (VEGFR1–3) and between Notch and Delta-like Notch ligands (DLLs) is crucial for regulation of angiogenesis. Although the importance of angiogenesis is unequivocal in the adult, vasculogenesis effected by endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may also contribute to post-natal vessel formation. However, the definition of these cells is ambiguous and they include several distinct cell types under the simple classification of ‘EPC’. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that ECs within the intima show clonal expansion in some situations and that they may harbor vascular-resident endothelial stem cells. In this article, we summarize recent knowledge on vascular development and new blood-vessel formation in the adult. We also introduce concepts of EC heterogeneity and EC clonal expansion, referring to our own recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisamichi Naito
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iba
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takakura
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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118
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Li Y, Chen D, Sun L, Wu Y, Zou Y, Liang C, Bao Y, Yi J, Zhang Y, Hou J, Li Z, Yu F, Huang Y, Yu C, Liu L, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li Y. Induced Expression of VEGFC, ANGPT, and EFNB2 and Their Receptors Characterizes Neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:4084-4096. [PMID: 31574534 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whole transcriptional differences between proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) neovascular membranes (NVMs) and retinas, and the regulatory genes participating in retinal neovascularization in PDR. Methods We used high-throughput sequencing technology to capture the whole-genome gene expression levels of all participants, including 23 patients with PDR or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), 3 normal retinal samples, and 2 retinal samples from type II diabetic (T2D) eyes by donation, followed by analyses of expression patterns using bioinformatics methods, then validation of the data by in situ hybridization and Western blotting. Results We showed that transcriptional profiles of the NVMs were distinct from those of the retinas. Angiogenesis growth factors VEGFC, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, and EFNB2, and their receptors FLT4, TIE1, TIE2, and EPHB4, respectively, were overexpressed. Expression of VEGFA was highly upregulated in T2D retina, but low in the NVMs, while angiogenesis transcription factors, including ETS1 and ERG, were coordinately upregulated in NVMs. Conclusions This study described a PDR neovascularization model in which pathological retina-secreted vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) enhanced the expression of a set of angiogenesis transcription factors and growth factors, to cooperatively induce the retinal neovascularization. Based on these results, novel potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for PDR treatment and diagnosis are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Genome Regulation and Human Health, ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luguo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yannan Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongli Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingwen Yi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hou
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyun Yu
- Laboratory for Genome Regulation and Human Health, ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zaoxia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Genome Regulation and Human Health, ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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119
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Gloger M, Menzel L, Grau M, Vion AC, Anagnostopoulos I, Zapukhlyak M, Gerlach K, Kammertöns T, Hehlgans T, Zschummel M, Lenz G, Gerhardt H, Höpken UE, Rehm A. Lymphoma Angiogenesis Is Orchestrated by Noncanonical Signaling Pathways. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1316-1329. [PMID: 31932457 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-induced remodeling of the microenvironment relies on the formation of blood vessels, which go beyond the regulation of metabolism, shaping a maladapted survival niche for tumor cells. In high-grade B-cell lymphoma, angiogenesis correlates with poor prognosis, but attempts to target established proangiogenic pathways within the vascular niche have been inefficient. Here, we analyzed Myc-driven B-cell lymphoma-induced angiogenesis in mice. A few lymphoma cells were sufficient to activate the angiogenic switch in lymph nodes. A unique morphology of dense microvessels emerged without obvious tip cell guidance and reliance on blood endothelial cell (BEC) proliferation. The transcriptional response of BECs was inflammation independent. Conventional HIF1α or Notch signaling routes prevalent in solid tumors were not activated. Instead, a nonconventional hypersprouting morphology was orchestrated by lymphoma-provided VEGFC and lymphotoxin (LT). Interference with VEGF receptor-3 and LTβ receptor signaling pathways abrogated lymphoma angiogenesis, thus revealing targets to block lymphomagenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: In lymphoma, transcriptomes and morphogenic patterns of the vasculature are distinct from processes in inflammation and solid tumors. Instead, LTβR and VEGFR3 signaling gain leading roles and are targets for lymphomagenesis blockade.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/6/1316/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Gloger
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Menzel
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Grau
- Department of Medicine A, and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne-Clemence Vion
- Integrative Vascular Biology Lab, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Myroslav Zapukhlyak
- Department of Medicine A, and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Gerlach
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Kammertöns
- Institute of Immunology, Charité -University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hehlgans
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Zschummel
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Integrative Vascular Biology Lab, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E Höpken
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Armin Rehm
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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120
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Adidharma L, Bly RA, Theeuwen HA, Holdefer RN, Slimp J, Kinney GA, Martinez V, Whitlock KB, Perkins JA. Facial Nerve Branching Patterns Vary With Vascular Anomalies. Laryngoscope 2020; 130:2708-2713. [PMID: 31925962 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES At our institution, in vivo facial nerve mapping (FNM) is used during vascular anomaly (VAN) surgeries involving the facial nerve (FN) to create an FN map and prevent injury. During mapping, FN anatomy seemed to vary with VAN type. This study aimed to characterize FN branching patterns compared to published FN anatomy and VAN type. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study of surgically relevant facial nerve anatomy. METHODS VAN patients (n = 67) with FN mapping between 2005 and 2018 were identified. Results included VAN type, FN relationship to VAN, FNM image with branch pattern, and surgical approach. A Fisher exact test compared FN relationships and surgical approach between VAN pathology, and FN branching types to published anatomical studies. MATLAB quantified FN branching with Euclidean distances and angles. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) analyzed quantitative FN patterns amongst VAN types. RESULTS VANs included were hemangioma, venous malformation, lymphatic malformation, and arteriovenous malformation (n = 17, 13, 25, and 3, respectively). VAN FN patterns differed from described FN anatomy (P < .001). PCA and HCA in MATLAB-quantified FN branching demonstrated no patterns associated with VAN pathology (P = .80 and P = .91, one-way analysis of variance for principle component 1 (PC1) and priniciple component 2 (PC2), respectively). FN branches were usually adherent to hemangioma or venous malformation as compared to coursing through lymphatic malformation (both P = .01, Fisher exact). CONCLUSIONS FN branching patterns identified through electrical stimulation differ from cadaveric dissection determined FN anatomy. This reflects the high sensitivity of neurophysiologic testing in detecting small distal FN branches. Elongated FN branches traveling through lymphatic malformation may be related to abnormal nerve patterning in these malformations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 130:2708-2713, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingga Adidharma
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Randall A Bly
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Hailey A Theeuwen
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Robert N Holdefer
- Neuromonitoring Program, Department of Rehabilitation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Jefferson Slimp
- Neuromonitoring Program, Department of Rehabilitation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Greg A Kinney
- Neuromonitoring Program, Department of Rehabilitation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Vicente Martinez
- Neuromonitoring Program, Department of Rehabilitation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Kathryn B Whitlock
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan A Perkins
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
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121
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Mereness JA, Bhattacharya S, Ren Y, Wang Q, Anderson CS, Donlon K, Dylag AM, Haak J, Angelin A, Bonaldo P, Mariani TJ. Collagen VI Deficiency Results in Structural Abnormalities in the Mouse Lung. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:426-441. [PMID: 31837950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Collagen VI (COL6) is known for its role in a spectrum of congenital muscular dystrophies, which are often accompanied by respiratory dysfunction. However, little is known regarding the function of COL6 in the lung. We confirmed the presence of COL6 throughout the basement membrane region of mouse lung tissue. Lung structure and organization were studied in a previously described Col6a1-/- mouse, which does not produce detectable COL6 in the lung. The Col6a1-/- mouse displayed histopathologic alveolar and airway abnormalities. The airspaces of Col6a1-/- lungs appeared simplified, with larger (29%; P < 0.01) and fewer (31%; P < 0.001) alveoli. These airspace abnormalities included reduced isolectin B4+ alveolar capillaries and surfactant protein C-positive alveolar epithelial type-II cells. Alterations in lung function consistent with these histopathologic changes were evident. Col6a1-/- mice also displayed multiple airway changes, including increased branching (59%; P < 0.001), increased mucosal thickness (34%; P < 0.001), and increased epithelial cell density (13%; P < 0.001). Comprehensive transcriptome analysis revealed that the loss of COL6 is associated with reductions in integrin-paxillin-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in vivo. In vitro, COL6 promoted steady-state phosphorylated paxillin levels and reduced cell density (16% to 28%; P < 0.05) at confluence. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, or its downstream effectors, resulted in increased cell density to a level similar to that seen on matrices lacking COL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Mereness
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Yue Ren
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Christopher S Anderson
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Kathy Donlon
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Andrew M Dylag
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Jeannie Haak
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Alessia Angelin
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
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Wagner KD, Du S, Martin L, Leccia N, Michiels JF, Wagner N. Vascular PPARβ/δ Promotes Tumor Angiogenesis and Progression. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121623. [PMID: 31842402 PMCID: PMC6952835 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors, which function as transcription factors. Among them, PPARβ/δ is highly expressed in endothelial cells. Pharmacological activation with PPARβ/δ agonists had been shown to increase their angiogenic properties. PPARβ/δ has been suggested to be involved in the regulation of the angiogenic switch in tumor progression. However, until now, it is not clear to what extent the expression of PPARβ/δ in tumor endothelium influences tumor progression and metastasis formation. We addressed this question using transgenic mice with an inducible conditional vascular-specific overexpression of PPARβ/δ. Following specific over-expression of PPARβ/δ in endothelial cells, we induced syngenic tumors. We observed an enhanced tumor growth, a higher vessel density, and enhanced metastasis formation in the tumors of animals with vessel-specific overexpression of PPARβ/δ. In order to identify molecular downstream targets of PPARβ/δ in the tumor endothelium, we sorted endothelial cells from the tumors and performed RNA sequencing. We identified platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (Pdgfrb), platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (Pdgfb), and the tyrosinkinase KIT (c-Kit) as new PPARβ/δ -dependent molecules. We show here that PPARβ/δ activation, regardless of its action on different cancer cell types, leads to a higher tumor vascularization which favors tumor growth and metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay-Dietrich Wagner
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06107 Nice, France; (K.-D.W.); (S.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Siyue Du
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06107 Nice, France; (K.-D.W.); (S.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Luc Martin
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06107 Nice, France; (K.-D.W.); (S.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Nathalie Leccia
- Department of Pathology, CHU Nice, 06107 Nice, France; (N.L.); (J.-F.M.)
| | | | - Nicole Wagner
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06107 Nice, France; (K.-D.W.); (S.D.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-493-377665
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Liu J, Bhuvanagiri S, Qu X. The protective effects of lycopus lucidus turcz in diabetic retinopathy and its possible mechanisms. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2900-2908. [PMID: 31307239 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1640230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Lycopus lucidus Turcz (LT) on diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its underlying mechanisms. SD rats and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs) were applied for establishment DR model. HE and TUNEL staining were used to evaluate the pathological changes and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. Additionally, retinal vessels were detected by immunofluorescence staining with CD31 and VEGF. The function of BRB was observed using Evans blue. Moreover, the oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis associated factors were measured respectively. The expression of p38-MAPK/NF-κB signalling proteins were detected by Western blot. The results demonstrated that pathological changes and retinal optic disc cells apoptosis in retinas of diabetic rats, both of which were reduced in the LT-treated group. And LT treatment attenuated the levels of oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis factors. Importantly, the expression levels of p-p38, p-ERK, p-JNK and NF-κB were decreased. After treatment with TNF-α combined with LT, the levels of inflammatory factors were decreased but higher than the negative control. Taken together, the results suggested that LT treatment is of therapeutic benefit by ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis of DR via p38-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Liu
- a Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Sai Bhuvanagiri
- b Queens Hospital Center, Mt. Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine , Jamaica , NY , USA
| | - Xiaohan Qu
- c Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
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Page DJ, Miossec MJ, Williams SG, Monaghan RM, Fotiou E, Cordell HJ, Sutcliffe L, Topf A, Bourgey M, Bourque G, Eveleigh R, Dunwoodie SL, Winlaw DS, Bhattacharya S, Breckpot J, Devriendt K, Gewillig M, Brook JD, Setchfield KJ, Bu'Lock FA, O'Sullivan J, Stuart G, Bezzina CR, Mulder BJM, Postma AV, Bentham JR, Baron M, Bhaskar SS, Black GC, Newman WG, Hentges KE, Lathrop GM, Santibanez-Koref M, Keavney BD. Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals the Major Genetic Contributors to Nonsyndromic Tetralogy of Fallot. Circ Res 2019; 124:553-563. [PMID: 30582441 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Familial recurrence studies provide strong evidence for a genetic component to the predisposition to sporadic, nonsyndromic Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease phenotype. Rare genetic variants have been identified as important contributors to the risk of congenital heart disease, but relatively small numbers of TOF cases have been studied to date. OBJECTIVE We used whole exome sequencing to assess the prevalence of unique, deleterious variants in the largest cohort of nonsyndromic TOF patients reported to date. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight hundred twenty-nine TOF patients underwent whole exome sequencing. The presence of unique, deleterious variants was determined; defined by their absence in the Genome Aggregation Database and a scaled combined annotation-dependent depletion score of ≥20. The clustering of variants in 2 genes, NOTCH1 and FLT4, surpassed thresholds for genome-wide significance (assigned as P<5×10-8) after correction for multiple comparisons. NOTCH1 was most frequently found to harbor unique, deleterious variants. Thirty-one changes were observed in 37 probands (4.5%; 95% CI, 3.2%-6.1%) and included 7 loss-of-function variants 22 missense variants and 2 in-frame indels. Sanger sequencing of the unaffected parents of 7 cases identified 5 de novo variants. Three NOTCH1 variants (p.G200R, p.C607Y, and p.N1875S) were subjected to functional evaluation, and 2 showed a reduction in Jagged1-induced NOTCH signaling. FLT4 variants were found in 2.4% (95% CI, 1.6%-3.8%) of TOF patients, with 21 patients harboring 22 unique, deleterious variants. The variants identified were distinct to those that cause the congenital lymphoedema syndrome Milroy disease. In addition to NOTCH1, FLT4 and the well-established TOF gene, TBX1, we identified potential association with variants in several other candidates, including RYR1, ZFPM1, CAMTA2, DLX6, and PCM1. CONCLUSIONS The NOTCH1 locus is the most frequent site of genetic variants predisposing to nonsyndromic TOF, followed by FLT4. Together, variants in these genes are found in almost 7% of TOF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna J Page
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (D.J.P., S.G.W., R.M.M., E.F., B.D.K.)
| | - Matthieu J Miossec
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.J.M., H.J.C., L.S., A.T., M.S.-K.).,Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile (M.J.M.)
| | - Simon G Williams
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (D.J.P., S.G.W., R.M.M., E.F., B.D.K.)
| | - Richard M Monaghan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (D.J.P., S.G.W., R.M.M., E.F., B.D.K.)
| | - Elisavet Fotiou
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (D.J.P., S.G.W., R.M.M., E.F., B.D.K.)
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.J.M., H.J.C., L.S., A.T., M.S.-K.)
| | | | - Ana Topf
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.J.M., H.J.C., L.S., A.T., M.S.-K.)
| | - Mathieu Bourgey
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, Montréal, QC, Canada (M.B.).,McGill Genome Center, Montréal, QC, Canada (M.B., G.B., R.E., G.M.L.)
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- McGill Genome Center, Montréal, QC, Canada (M.B., G.B., R.E., G.M.L.)
| | - Robert Eveleigh
- McGill Genome Center, Montréal, QC, Canada (M.B., G.B., R.E., G.M.L.)
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- Chain Reaction Program in Congenital Heart Disease Research, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (S.L.D.).,Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney (S.L.D.).,Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW (S.L.D.)
| | - David S Winlaw
- School of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney (D.S.W.).,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, NSW, Australia (D.S.W.).,RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford (D.S.W., S.B.)
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford (D.S.W., S.B.).,Center for Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium (S.B., J.B., K.D.)
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Center for Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium (S.B., J.B., K.D.).,Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven (J.B., M.G.)
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium (S.B., J.B., K.D.)
| | - Marc Gewillig
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven (J.B., M.G.)
| | - J David Brook
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre (J.D.B., K.J.S.)
| | - Kerry J Setchfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre (J.D.B., K.J.S.)
| | - Frances A Bu'Lock
- Congenital and Paediatric Cardiology, East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre and University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital (F.A.B.)
| | - John O'Sullivan
- Adult Congenital and Paediatric Cardiac Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.O.)
| | - Graham Stuart
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol (G.S.)
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (C.R.B.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara J M Mulder
- Department of Medical Biology (B.J.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex V Postma
- Department of Clinical Genetics (A.V.P.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - James R Bentham
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds (J.R.B.)
| | - Martin Baron
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester (M.B.)
| | - Sanjeev S Bhaskar
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Oxford, Manchester (S.S.B., G.C.B.)
| | - Graeme C Black
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Oxford, Manchester (S.S.B., G.C.B.)
| | - William G Newman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford (W.G.N.); and Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - G Mark Lathrop
- McGill Genome Center, Montréal, QC, Canada (M.B., G.B., R.E., G.M.L.)
| | - Mauro Santibanez-Koref
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.J.M., H.J.C., L.S., A.T., M.S.-K.)
| | - Bernard D Keavney
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (D.J.P., S.G.W., R.M.M., E.F., B.D.K.)
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Wang K, Liu Y, Huang S, Li H, Hou J, Huang J, Chen J, Feng K, Liang M, Chen G, Wu Z. Does an imbalance in circulating vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) cause atrial fibrillation in patients with valvular heart disease? J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:5509-5516. [PMID: 32030270 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.11.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) can stimulate fibrosis within the atrium and ventricle. We hypothesized that there is a relationship between the serum VEGFs/soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (sVEGFRs) levels and AF in patients with valvular heart disease (VHD). This provides a new paradigm for studying AF. Methods The plasma levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 100 people, consisting of AF patients (long-standing, persistent AF; n=49), sinus rhythm (SR) patients (n=31) and healthy controls (n=20), were included in this study. Results The plasma levels of VEGF-A were significantly higher in AF patients compared to healthy control (P<0.05). The plasma levels of sVEGFR-1 were significantly higher in AF compared to SR (P<0.05). The plasma levels of sVEGFR-2 were significantly lower in AF patients compared to SR patients and healthy controls (both P<0.05). There was a significant and negative correlation between AF and the sVEGFR-2 levels in the groups (r=-0.432, P=0.000). Conclusions An imbalance in VEGFs and sVEGFRs may contribute to AF by breaking the balance of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Additionally, sVEGFR-2 may be an important biomarker of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Medicine University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Suiqing Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huayang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiantao Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kangni Feng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mengya Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guangxian Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Deckelbaum RA, Lobov IB, Cheung E, Halasz G, Rajamani S, Lerner J, Tong C, Li Z, Boland P, Dominguez M, Hughes V, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Thurston G, Cao J, Romano C, Gale NW. The potassium channel Kcne3 is a VEGFA-inducible gene selectively expressed by vascular endothelial tip cells. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:179-192. [PMID: 31754927 PMCID: PMC7160073 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is largely driven by motile endothelial tip-cells capable of invading avascular tissue domains and enabling new vessel formation. Highly responsive to Vascular Endothelial Growth-Factor-A (VEGFA), endothelial tip-cells also suppress angiogenic sprouting in adjacent stalk cells, and thus have been a primary therapeutic focus in addressing neovascular pathologies. Surprisingly, however, there remains a paucity of specific endothelial tip-cell markers. Here, we employ transcriptional profiling and a lacZ reporter allele to identify Kcne3 as an early and selective endothelial tip-cell marker in multiple angiogenic contexts. In development, Kcne3 expression initiates during early phases of angiogenesis (E9) and remains specific to endothelial tip-cells, often adjacent to regions expressing VEGFA. Consistently, Kcne3 activation is highly responsive to exogenous VEGFA but maintains tip-cell specificity throughout normal retinal angiogenesis. We also demonstrate endothelial tip-cell selectivity of Kcne3 in several injury and tumor models. Together, our data show that Kcne3 is a unique marker of sprouting angiogenic tip-cells and offers new opportunities for investigating and targeting this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron A Deckelbaum
- Department of Pre-Therapeutic Target Discovery, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA.
| | | | - Eunice Cheung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Gabor Halasz
- Department of Bioinformatics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Saathyaki Rajamani
- Department of Pre-Therapeutic Target Discovery, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Julia Lerner
- Department of Pre-Therapeutic Target Discovery, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Chunxiang Tong
- Department of Pre-Therapeutic Target Discovery, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Oncology & Angiogenesis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Patricia Boland
- Department of Oncology & Angiogenesis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Melissa Dominguez
- Department of Pre-Therapeutic Target Discovery, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Virginia Hughes
- Department of Pre-Therapeutic Target Discovery, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- Department of Research, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Research, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Gavin Thurston
- Department of Oncology & Angiogenesis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Jingtai Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Carmelo Romano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Nicholas W Gale
- Department of Pre-Therapeutic Target Discovery, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
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Harrison MR, Feng X, Mo G, Aguayo A, Villafuerte J, Yoshida T, Pearson CA, Schulte-Merker S, Lien CL. Late developing cardiac lymphatic vasculature supports adult zebrafish heart function and regeneration. eLife 2019; 8:42762. [PMID: 31702553 PMCID: PMC6881116 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac lymphatic vascular system and its potentially critical functions in heart patients have been largely underappreciated, in part due to a lack of experimentally accessible systems. We here demonstrate that cardiac lymphatic vessels develop in young adult zebrafish, using coronary arteries to guide their expansion down the ventricle. Mechanistically, we show that in cxcr4a mutants with defective coronary artery development, cardiac lymphatic vessels fail to expand onto the ventricle. In regenerating adult zebrafish hearts the lymphatic vasculature undergoes extensive lymphangiogenesis in response to a cryoinjury. A significant defect in reducing the scar size after cryoinjury is observed in zebrafish with impaired Vegfc/Vegfr3 signaling that fail to develop intact cardiac lymphatic vessels. These results suggest that the cardiac lymphatic system can influence the regenerative potential of the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rm Harrison
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Xidi Feng
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Guqin Mo
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Antonio Aguayo
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jessi Villafuerte
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biology, California State University of San Bernardino, San Bernardino, United States
| | - Tyler Yoshida
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Caroline A Pearson
- Department of Neurobiology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,CiM Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003 CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ching-Ling Lien
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
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Lugano R, Ramachandran M, Dimberg A. Tumor angiogenesis: causes, consequences, challenges and opportunities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 77:1745-1770. [PMID: 31690961 PMCID: PMC7190605 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 862] [Impact Index Per Article: 172.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vascularization occurs through several distinct biological processes, which not only vary between tumor type and anatomic location, but also occur simultaneously within the same cancer tissue. These processes are orchestrated by a range of secreted factors and signaling pathways and can involve participation of non-endothelial cells, such as progenitors or cancer stem cells. Anti-angiogenic therapies using either antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved to treat several types of cancer. However, the benefit of treatment has so far been modest, some patients not responding at all and others acquiring resistance. It is becoming increasingly clear that blocking tumors from accessing the circulation is not an easy task to accomplish. Tumor vessel functionality and gene expression often differ vastly when comparing different cancer subtypes, and vessel phenotype can be markedly heterogeneous within a single tumor. Here, we summarize the current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor angiogenesis and discuss challenges and opportunities associated with vascular targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lugano
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohanraj Ramachandran
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
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129
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I T, Sumita Y, Yoshida T, Honma R, Iwatake M, Raudales JLM, Shizuno T, Kuroshima S, Masuda H, Seki M, Tran SD, Asahara T, Asahina I. Anti-inflammatory and vasculogenic conditioning of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reinforces their therapeutic potential for radiation-injured salivary glands. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:304. [PMID: 31623661 PMCID: PMC6798785 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently no effective treatments available for patients with irreversible loss of salivary gland (SG) function caused by radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. In this study, we have developed an effective culture method to enhance the anti-inflammatory and vasculogenic phenotypes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) and investigated whether such effectively conditioned PBMNCs (E-MNCs) could regenerate radiation-injured SGs and ameliorate salivary secretory function in mice. METHODS Mouse PBMNCs were expanded in primary serum-free culture with five vasculogenic proteins for 5 days, and then the resulting cells (E-MNCs) were analyzed for their characteristics. Subsequently, 5 × 104 E-MNCs (labeled with EGFP in some experiments) were injected intra-glandularly into a mouse model of radiation-injured atrophic submandibular glands. After 2-3 weeks, the submandibular glands were harvested, and then the injected E-MNCs were tracked. Four, 8, and 12 weeks after irradiation (IR), salivary outputs were measured to evaluate the recovery of secretory function, and the gland tissues were harvested for histological and gene expression analyses to clarify the effects of cell transplantation. RESULTS The resulting E-MNCs contained an enriched population of definitive CD11b/CD206-positive (M2 macrophage-like) cells and showed anti-inflammatory and vasculogenic characteristics. Salivary secretory function in E-MNC-transplanted mice gradually recovered after 4 weeks post-irradiation (post-IR) and reached 3.8-fold higher than that of non-transplanted mice at 12 weeks. EGFP-expressing E-MNCs were detected in a portion of the vascular endothelium and perivascular gland tissues at 2 weeks post-IR, but mainly in some microvessels at 3 weeks. Between 4 and 12 weeks post-IR, mRNA expression and histological analyses revealed that E-MNC transplantation reduced the expression of inflammatory genes and increased the level of tissue-regenerative activities such as stem cell markers, cell proliferation, and blood vessel formation. At 12 weeks post-IR, the areas of acinar and ductal cells regenerated, and the glands had less fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS This effective conditioning of PBMNCs is a simple, rapid, and efficient method that provides a non-invasive source of therapeutic cells for regenerating radiation-injured atrophic SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi I
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sumita
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Takako Yoshida
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Ryo Honma
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Mayumi Iwatake
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Jorge Luis Montenegro Raudales
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | | | - Shinichiro Kuroshima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Haruchika Masuda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | | | - Simon D Tran
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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130
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Drexler HCA, Vockel M, Polaschegg C, Frye M, Peters K, Vestweber D. Vascular Endothelial Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase: Identification of Novel Substrates Related to Junctions and a Ternary Complex with EPHB4 and TIE2. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2058-2077. [PMID: 31427368 PMCID: PMC6773558 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP, PTPRB) is a receptor type phosphatase that is crucial for the regulation of endothelial junctions and blood vessel development. We and others have shown recently that VE-PTP regulates vascular integrity by dephosphorylating substrates that are key players in endothelial junction stability, such as the angiopoietin receptor TIE2, the endothelial adherens junction protein VE-cadherin and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR2. Here, we have systematically searched for novel substrates of VE-PTP in endothelial cells by utilizing two approaches. First, we studied changes in the endothelial phosphoproteome on exposing cells to a highly VE-PTP-specific phosphatase inhibitor followed by affinity isolation and mass-spectrometric analysis of phosphorylated proteins by phosphotyrosine-specific antibodies. Second, we used a substrate trapping mutant of VE-PTP to pull down phosphorylated substrates in combination with SILAC-based quantitative mass spectrometry measurements. We identified a set of substrate candidates of VE-PTP, of which a remarkably large fraction (29%) is related to cell junctions. Several of those were found in both screens and displayed very high connectivity in predicted functional interaction networks. The receptor protein tyrosine kinase EPHB4 was the most prominently phosphorylated protein on VE-PTP inhibition among those VE-PTP targets that were identified by both proteomic approaches. Further analysis revealed that EPHB4 forms a ternary complex with VE-PTP and TIE2 in endothelial cells. VE-PTP controls the phosphorylation of each of these two tyrosine kinase receptors. Despite their simultaneous presence in a ternary complex, stimulating each of the receptors with their own specific ligand did not cross-activate the respective partner receptor. Our systematic approach has led to the identification of novel substrates of VE-PTP, of which many are relevant for the control of cellular junctions further promoting the importance of VE-PTP as a key player of junctional signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes C A Drexler
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Matthias Vockel
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Polaschegg
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maike Frye
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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131
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Cao MX, Tang YL, Zhang WL, Tang YJ, Liang XH. Non-coding RNAs as Regulators of Lymphangiogenesis in Lymphatic Development, Inflammation, and Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:916. [PMID: 31616631 PMCID: PMC6763613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which do not encode proteins, have pivotal roles in manipulating gene expression in development, physiology, and pathology. Emerging data have shown that ncRNAs can regulate lymphangiogenesis, which refers to lymphatics deriving from preexisting vessels, becomes established during embryogenesis, and has a close relationship with pathological conditions such as lymphatic developmental diseases, inflammation, and cancer. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic development, inflammation and cancer metastasis, and discusses ncRNAs' regulatory effects on them. Therapeutic targets with regard to lymphangiogenesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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132
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Martowicz A, Trusohamn M, Jensen N, Wisniewska-Kruk J, Corada M, Ning FC, Kele J, Dejana E, Nyqvist D. Endothelial β-Catenin Signaling Supports Postnatal Brain and Retinal Angiogenesis by Promoting Sprouting, Tip Cell Formation, and VEGFR (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor) 2 Expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2273-2288. [PMID: 31533473 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of endothelial β-catenin signaling by neural cell-derived Norrin or Wnt ligands is vital for the vascularization of the retina and brain. Mutations in members of the Norrin/β-catenin pathway contribute to inherited blinding disorders because of defective vascular development and dysfunctional blood-retina barrier. Despite a vital role for endothelial β-catenin signaling in central nervous system health and disease, its contribution to central nervous system angiogenesis and its interactions with downstream signaling cascades remains incompletely understood. Approach and Results: Here, using genetically modified mouse models, we show that impaired endothelial β-catenin signaling caused hypovascularization of the postnatal retina and brain because of deficient endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting. Mosaic genetic analysis demonstrated that endothelial β-catenin promotes but is not required for tip cell formation. In addition, pharmacological treatment revealed that angiogenesis under conditions of inhibited Notch signaling depends upon endothelial β-catenin. Importantly, impaired endothelial β-catenin signaling abrogated the expression of the VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor)-2 and VEGFR3 in brain microvessels but not in the lung endothelium. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies molecular crosstalk between the Wnt/β-catenin and the Notch and VEGF-A signaling pathways and strongly suggest that endothelial β-catenin signaling supports central nervous system angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell sprouting, tip cell formation, and VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Martowicz
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.M., M.T., N.J., J.W.-K., F.C.N., D.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marta Trusohamn
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.M., M.T., N.J., J.W.-K., F.C.N., D.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Jensen
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.M., M.T., N.J., J.W.-K., F.C.N., D.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna Wisniewska-Kruk
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.M., M.T., N.J., J.W.-K., F.C.N., D.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Corada
- IFOM-The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.C., E.D.)
| | - Frank Chenfei Ning
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.M., M.T., N.J., J.W.-K., F.C.N., D.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julianna Kele
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- IFOM-The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.C., E.D.).,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Daniel Nyqvist
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.M., M.T., N.J., J.W.-K., F.C.N., D.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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133
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Jászai J, Schmidt MHH. Trends and Challenges in Tumor Anti-Angiogenic Therapies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091102. [PMID: 31540455 PMCID: PMC6770676 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive abnormal angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and is a hallmark of solid tumors. This process is driven by an imbalance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors dominated by the tissue hypoxia-triggered overproduction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF-mediated signaling has quickly become one of the most promising anti-angiogenic therapeutic targets in oncology. Nevertheless, the clinical efficacy of this approach is severely limited in certain tumor types or shows only transient efficacy in patients. Acquired or intrinsic therapy resistance associated with anti-VEGF monotherapeutic approaches indicates the necessity of a paradigm change when targeting neoangiogenesis in solid tumors. In this context, the elaboration of the conceptual framework of “vessel normalization” might be a promising approach to increase the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapies and the survival rates of patients. Indeed, the promotion of vessel maturation instead of regressing tumors by vaso-obliteration could result in reduced tumor hypoxia and improved drug delivery. The implementation of such anti-angiogenic strategies, however, faces several pitfalls due to the potential involvement of multiple pro-angiogenic factors and modulatory effects of the innate and adaptive immune system. Thus, effective treatments bypassing relapses associated with anti-VEGF monotherapies or breaking the intrinsic therapy resistance of solid tumors might use combination therapies or agents with a multimodal mode of action. This review enumerates some of the current approaches and possible future directions of treating solid tumors by targeting neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Jászai
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 61920 Heidelberg, Germany.
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134
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Molecular Basis of Cisplatin Resistance in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091316. [PMID: 31500094 PMCID: PMC6769617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance is the main cause of treatment failure and death in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), but its biologic background is poorly understood. To study the molecular basis of CDDP resistance in TGCT we prepared and sequenced CDDP-exposed TGCT cell lines as well as 31 primary patients' samples. Long-term exposure to CDDP increased the CDDP resistance 10 times in the NCCIT cell line, while no major resistance was achieved in Tera-2. Development of CDDP resistance was accompanied by changes in the cell cycle (increase in G1 and decrease in S-fraction), increased number of acquired mutations, of which 3 were present within ATRX gene, as well as changes in gene expression pattern. Copy number variation analysis showed, apart from obligatory gain of 12p, several other large-scale gains (chr 1, 17, 20, 21) and losses (chr X), with additional more CNVs found in CDDP-resistant cells (e.g., further losses on chr 1, 4, 18, and gain on chr 8). In the patients' samples, those who developed CDDP resistance and died of TGCT (2/31) showed high numbers of acquired aberrations, both SNPs and CNVs, and harbored mutations in genes potentially relevant to TGCT development (e.g., TRERF1, TFAP2C in one patient, MAP2K1 and NSD1 in another one). Among all primary tumor samples, the most commonly mutated gene was NSD1, affected in 9/31 patients. This gene encoding histone methyl transferase was also downregulated and identified among the 50 most differentially expressed genes in CDDP-resistant NCCIT cell line. Interestingly, 2/31 TGCT patients harbored mutations in the ATRX gene encoding a chromatin modifier that has been shown to have a critical function in sexual differentiation. Our research newly highlights its probable involvement also in testicular tumors. Both findings support the emerging role of altered epigenetic gene regulation in TGCT and CDDP resistance development.
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135
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Lin T, Zhang X, Lu Y, Gong L. TGFBIp mediates lymphatic sprouting in corneal lymphangiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7602-7616. [PMID: 31456353 PMCID: PMC6815832 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal lymphangiogenesis plays a key role in diverse pathological conditions of the eye. Here, we demonstrate that a versatile extracellular matrix protein, transforming growth factor-β induced protein (TGFBIp), promotes lymphatic sprouting in corneal lymphangiogenesis. TGFBIp is highly up-regulated in inflamed mouse corneas. Immunolocalization of TGFBIp is detected in infiltrating macrophages in inflamed mouse corneas. Subconjunctival injection of liposomal clodronate can significantly reduce macrophage infiltration in inflamed mouse cornea, and decrease the expression of TGFBIp and areas of corneal lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis after corneal suture placement. In brief, these results indicate that the up-regulation of TGFBIp in sutured cornea correlates with macrophage infiltration. Although TGFBIp alone cannot significantly stimulate corneal lymph vessel ingrowth in vivo, it can enhance the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor-C in promoting corneal lymphangiogenesis. The in vitro results show that TGFBIp promotes migration, tube formation and adhesion of human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs), but it has no effect on HLECs' proliferation. We also find that the in vitro effect of TGFBIp is mediated by the integrin α5β1-FAK pathway. Additionally, integrin α5β1 blockade can significantly inhibit lymphatic sprouting induced by TGFBIp. Taken together, these findings reveal a new molecular mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in which the TGFBIp-integrin pathways plays a pivotal role in lymphatic sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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136
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Kugler EC, van Lessen M, Daetwyler S, Chhabria K, Savage AM, Silva V, Plant K, MacDonald RB, Huisken J, Wilkinson RN, Schulte‐Merker S, Armitage P, Chico TJA. Cerebrovascular endothelial cells form transient Notch-dependent cystic structures in zebrafish. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47047. [PMID: 31379129 PMCID: PMC6680135 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We identify a novel endothelial membrane behaviour in transgenic zebrafish. Cerebral blood vessels extrude large transient spherical structures that persist for an average of 23 min before regressing into the parent vessel. We term these structures "kugeln", after the German for sphere. Kugeln are only observed arising from the cerebral vessels and are present as late as 28 days post fertilization. Kugeln do not communicate with the vessel lumen and can form in the absence of blood flow. They contain little or no cytoplasm, but the majority are highly positive for nitric oxide reactivity. Kugeln do not interact with brain lymphatic endothelial cells (BLECs) and can form in their absence, nor do they perform a scavenging role or interact with macrophages. Inhibition of actin polymerization, Myosin II, or Notch signalling reduces kugel formation, while inhibition of VEGF or Wnt dysregulation (either inhibition or activation) increases kugel formation. Kugeln represent a novel Notch-dependent NO-containing endothelial organelle restricted to the cerebral vessels, of currently unknown function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Max van Lessen
- WWU MünsterFaculty of MedicineInstitute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and RegenerationMünsterGermany
| | - Stephan Daetwyler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Department of Cell BiologyThe University of Texas SouthwesternTexasTXUSA
| | - Karishma Chhabria
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Aaron M Savage
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Vishmi Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Karen Plant
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Ryan B MacDonald
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Jan Huisken
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Morgridge Institute for ResearchMadisonWIUSA
| | - Robert N Wilkinson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Stefan Schulte‐Merker
- WWU MünsterFaculty of MedicineInstitute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and RegenerationMünsterGermany
| | - Paul Armitage
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Timothy JA Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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137
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Wagner M, Steinskog ES, Wiig H. Blockade of Lymphangiogenesis Shapes Tumor-Promoting Adipose Tissue Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2102-2114. [PMID: 31369756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis correlates with lymph node metastasis and poor outcome in several human malignancies. In addition, the presence of functional lymphatic vessels regulates the formation of tumor inflammatory and immune microenvironments. Although lymphatic structures are often found deeply integrated into the fabric of adipose tissue, the impact of lymphangiogenesis on tumor-associated adipose tissue (AT) has not yet been investigated. Using K14-VEGFR3-Ig mice that constitutively express soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 3-Ig in the skin, scavenging VEGF-C and VEGF-D, the role of lymphangiogenesis in the generation of an inflammatory response within tumor-associated AT was studied. Macrophages expressing lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 were found within peritumoral adipose tissue from melanoma-bearing K14-VEGFR3-Ig mice, which were further enriched with alternatively activated macrophages based on surface marker CD301/C-type lectin domain family 10 member A expression. The blockade of lymphangiogenesis also resulted in accumulation of the cytokine IL-6, which correlated with enhanced macrophage proliferation of the alternatively activated phenotype. Furthermore, melanomas co-implanted with freshly isolated adipose tissue macrophages grew more robustly than melanomas growing alone. In human cutaneous melanomas, adipocyte-selective FABP4 transcripts closely correlated with gene signatures of CLEC10A and were associated with poor overall survival. These data suggest that the blockade of pathways regulating lymphatic vessel formation shapes an inflammatory response within tumor-associated AT by facilitating accumulation of tumor-promoting alternatively activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wagner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Helge Wiig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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138
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Ma DL, Wu C, Wu KJ, Leung CH. Iridium(III) Complexes Targeting Apoptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152739. [PMID: 31357712 PMCID: PMC6696146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting apoptosis is a principal strategy in the design of anticancer drugs. In recent years, non-platinum-based scaffolds have been exploited as viable candidates for the exploitation of anticancer agents with potentially lower toxicity than the widely used cisplatin analogues. This review highlights the latest advances in developing iridium(III) complexes as anticancer agents that act particularly via targeting apoptotic cell death in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ke-Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
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139
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Du FY, Zhou QF, Sun WJ, Chen GL. Targeting cancer stem cells in drug discovery: Current state and future perspectives. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:398-420. [PMID: 31396368 PMCID: PMC6682504 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i7.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been increasingly identified in many malignancies. CSC-related signaling pathways and their functions provide new strategies for treating cancer. The aberrant activation of related signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways) has been linked to multiple types of malignant tumors, which makes these pathways attractive targets for cancer therapy. CSCs display many characteristic features, such as self-renewal, differentiation, high tumorigenicity, and drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies to target these pathways to control stem cell replication, survival, and differentiation. Notable crosstalk occurs among different signaling pathways and potentially leads to compensatory escape. Therefore, multitarget inhibitors will be one of the main methods to overcome the drug resistance of CSCs. Many small molecule inhibitors of components of signaling pathways in CSCs have entered clinical trials, and some inhibitors, such as vismodegib, sonidegib, and glasdegib, have been approved. Tumor cells are susceptible to sonidegib and vismodegib resistance due to mutations in the Smo protein. The signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor BBI608 is being evaluated in a phase III trial for a variety of cancers. Structural derivatives of BBI608 are the main focus of STAT3 inhibitor development, which is another strategy for CSC therapy. In addition to the potential pharmacological inhibitors targeting CSC-related signaling pathways, other methods of targeting CSCs are available, such as nano-drug delivery systems, mitochondrion targeting, autophagy, hyperthermia, immunotherapy, and CSC microenvironment targeting. In addition, we summarize the latest advances in the clinical development of agents targeting CSC-related signaling pathways and other methods of targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yu Du
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qi-Fan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wen-Jiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guo-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
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140
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Expression Signatures of Cisplatin- and Trametinib-Treated Early-Stage Medaka Melanomas. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:2267-2276. [PMID: 31101653 PMCID: PMC6643878 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small aquarium fish models provide useful systems not only for a better understanding of the molecular basis of many human diseases, but also for first-line screening to identify new drug candidates. For testing new chemical substances, current strategies mostly rely on easy to perform and efficient embryonic screens. Cancer, however, is a disease that develops mainly during juvenile and adult stage. Long-term treatment and the challenge to monitor changes in tumor phenotype make testing of large chemical libraries in juvenile and adult animals cost prohibitive. We hypothesized that changes in the gene expression profile should occur early during anti-tumor treatment, and the disease-associated transcriptional change should provide a reliable readout that can be utilized to evaluate drug-induced effects. For the current study, we used a previously established medaka melanoma model. As proof of principle, we showed that exposure of melanoma developing fish to the drugs cisplatin or trametinib, known cancer therapies, for a period of seven days is sufficient to detect treatment-induced changes in gene expression. By examining whole body transcriptome responses we provide a novel route toward gene panels that recapitulate anti-tumor outcomes thus allowing a screening of thousands of drugs using a whole-body vertebrate model. Our results suggest that using disease-associated transcriptional change to screen therapeutic molecules in small fish model is viable and may be applied to pre-clinical research and development stages in new drug discovery.
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141
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Morfoisse F, Noel A. Lymphatic and blood systems: Identical or fraternal twins? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105562. [PMID: 31278994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blood and lymphatic systems work in close collaboration to ensure their respective physiological functions. The lymphatic vessel network is being extensively studied, but has been overlooked as compared to the blood vasculature mainly due to the problematic discrimination of lymphatic vessels from the blood ones. This issue has been fortunately resolved in the past decade leading to the emergence of a huge amount of data in lymphatic biology revealing many shared features with the blood vasculature. However, this likeliness between the two vascular systems may lead to a simplistic view of lymphatics and a direct transcription of what is known for the blood system to the lymphatic one, thereby neglecting the lymphatic specificities. In this context, this review aims to clarify the main differences between the two vascular systems focusing on recently discovered lymphatic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Morfoisse
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA (GIGA-Cancer), Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA (GIGA-Cancer), Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
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142
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Zhou R, Wang S, Wen H, Wang M, Wu M. The bispecific antibody HB-32, blockade of both VEGF and DLL4 shows potent anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and anti-tumor activity in breast cancer xenograft models. Exp Cell Res 2019; 380:141-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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143
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Cho KO, Kim JY, Jeong KH, Lee MY, Kim SY. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 23:281-289. [PMID: 31297012 PMCID: PMC6609264 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.4.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and its receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3, are responsible for lymphangiogenesis in both embryos and adults. In epilepsy, the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was significantly upregulated in the human brains affected with temporal lobe epilepsy. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of VEGF receptors after acute seizures could suppress the generation of spontaneous recurrent seizures, suggesting a critical role of VEGF-related signaling in epilepsy. Therefore, in the present study, the spatiotemporal expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 against pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) was investigated in C57BL/6N mice using immunohistochemistry. At 1 day after SE, hippocampal astrocytes and microglia were activated. Pyramidal neuronal death was observed at 4 days after SE. In the subpyramidal zone, VEGF-C expression gradually increased and peaked at 7 days after SE, while VEGFR-3 was significantly upregulated at 4 days after SE and began to decrease at 7 days after SE. Most VEGF-C/VEGFR-3-expressing cells were pyramidal neurons, but VEGF-C was also observed in some astrocytes in sham-manipulated animals. However, at 4 days and 7 days after SE, both VEGFR-3 and VEGF-C immunoreactivities were observed mainly in astrocytes and in some microglia of the stratum radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus, respectively. These data indicate that VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 can be upregulated in hippocampal astrocytes and microglia after pilocarpine-induced SE, providing basic information about VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression patterns following acute seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ok Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Institute of Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Joo Youn Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Mun-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seong Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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144
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Tamura R, Yoshida K, Toda M. Current understanding of lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system. Neurosurg Rev 2019; 43:1055-1064. [PMID: 31209659 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-019-01133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is associated with some pathological conditions such as inflammation, tissue repair, and tumor growth. Recently, a paradigm shift occurred following the discovery of meningeal lymphatic structures in the human central nervous system (CNS); these structures may be a key drainage route for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the peripheral blood and may also contribute to inflammatory reaction and immune surveillance of the CNS. Lymphatic vessels located along the dural sinuses absorb CSF from the adjacent subarachnoid space and brain interstitial fluid via the glymphatic system, which is composed of aquaporin-4 water channels expressed on perivascular astrocytic end-feet membranes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly visualized these lymphatic vessels in the human dura mater. The conception of some neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease, has been changed by this paradigm shift. Meningeal lymphatic vessels could be a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of neurological disorders. However, the involvement of meningeal lymphatic vessels in the pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated and is the subject of future investigations. In this article, to understand the involvement of meningeal lymphatic vessels in neurological disorders, we review the differences between lymphangiogenesis in the CNS and in other tissues during both developmental and adulthood stages, and pathological conditions that may be associated with meningeal lymphatic vessels in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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145
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Sopo M, Anttila M, Hämäläinen K, Kivelä A, Ylä-Herttuala S, Kosma VM, Keski-Nisula L, Sallinen H. Expression profiles of VEGF-A, VEGF-D and VEGFR1 are higher in distant metastases than in matched primary high grade epithelial ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:584. [PMID: 31200683 PMCID: PMC6570919 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In many malignancies including ovarian cancer, different angiogenic factors have been related to poor prognosis. However, data on their relations to each other or importance as a prognostic factor in ovarian cancer is missing. Therefore, we investigated the expressions of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D, and the receptors VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 in patients with malignant epithelial ovarian neoplasms. We further compared expression levels between primary tumors and related distant omental metastases. Methods This study included 86 patients with malignant ovarian epithelial tumors and 16 related distant metastases. Angiogenic factor expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (n = 102) and qRT-PCR (n = 29). Results Compared to primary high grade serous ovarian tumors, the related omental metastases showed higher expressions of VEGF-A (p = 0.022), VEGF-D (p = 0.010), and VEGFR1 (p = 0.046). In univariate survival analysis, low epithelial expression of VEGF-A in primary tumors was associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.024), and short progression-free survival was associated with high VEGF-C (p = 0.034) and low VEGFR3 (p = 0.002). The relative expressions of VEGF-D, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 mRNA determined by qRT-PCR analyses were significantly correlated with the immunohistochemically detected levels of these proteins in primary high grade serous ovarian cancer and metastases (p = 0.004, p = 0.009, p = 0.015, and p = 0.018, respectively). Conclusions The expressions of VEGF receptors and their ligands significantly differed between malignant ovarian tumors and paired distant metastases. VEGF-A, VEGF-D, and VEGFR1 protein expressions seem to be higher in distant metastases than in the primary high grade serous ovarian cancer lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Sopo
- Department of Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maarit Anttila
- Department of Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Gynaecology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Hämäläinen
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annukka Kivelä
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leea Keski-Nisula
- Department of Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Gynaecology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Sallinen
- Department of Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Gynaecology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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146
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Synthesis, characterization, theoretical calculations and biochemical evaluation of a novel oxime ligand with complexes. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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147
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Karjosukarso DW, van Gestel SHC, Qu J, Kouwenhoven EN, Duijkers L, Garanto A, Zhou H, Collin RWJ. An FEVR-associated mutation in ZNF408 alters the expression of genes involved in the development of vasculature. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3519-3527. [PMID: 29982478 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is an inherited retinal disorder hallmarked by an abnormal development of retinal vasculature. A missense mutation in ZNF408 (p.H455Y) was reported to underlie autosomal dominant FEVR in a large Dutch family, and ZNF408 was shown to play a role in the development of vasculature. Nonetheless, little is known about the molecular mechanism of ZNF408-associated FEVR. To investigate this, an in vitro model of ZNF408-associated FEVR was generated by overexpressing wild-type and p.H455Y ZNF408 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cells overexpressing mutant ZNF408 were unable to form a capillary-like network in an in vitro tube formation assay, thereby mimicking the clinical feature observed in patients with FEVR. Intriguingly, transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in the development of vasculature were deregulated by the p.H455Y mutation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that p.H455Y ZNF408 has reduced DNA-binding ability, as compared to the wild-type protein. The fact that the p.H455Y mutation disrupts the expression of genes important for the development of vasculature sheds further light on the molecular mechanisms underlying ZNF408-associated FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyah W Karjosukarso
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sebastianus H C van Gestel
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jieqiong Qu
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Evelyn N Kouwenhoven
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Duijkers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Garanto
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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148
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Wen MD, Jiang Y, Huang J, Al-Hawwas M, Dan QQ, Yang RA, Yuan B, Zhao XM, Jiang L, Zhong MM, Xiong LL, Zhang YH. A Novel Role of VEGFC in Cerebral Ischemia With Lung Injury. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:479. [PMID: 31191213 PMCID: PMC6540825 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia (CI) is a severe brain injury resulting in a variety of motor impairments combined with secondary injury in remote organs, especially the lung. This condition occurs due to insufficient blood supply to the brain during infancy. However, it has a molecular linkage that needs to be thoroughly covered. Here, we report on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) in lung injury induced by CI. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was depended to establish the animal model of CI. Rats were used and brain ischemia was confirmed through TTC staining. Serum was used for protein chip analysis to study the proteomic interaction. Immunohistochemistry analyses were used to quantify and locate the VEGFC in the lung and brain. The role of VEGFC was detected by siVEGFC technology in SY5Y, HUCEV, and A549 cell lines, under normal and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions in vitro. As a result, the TTC staining demonstrated that the model of brain ischemia was successfully established, and MPO experiments reported that lung damage was induced in MCAO rats. VEGFC levels were up-regulated in serum. On the other hand, immunohistochemistry showed that VEGFC increased significantly in the cytoplasm of neurons, the endothelium of small trachea and the lung cells of CI animals. On a functional level, siVEGFC effectively inhibited the proliferation of SY5Y cells and decreased the viability of HUVEC cells in normal cell lines. But under OGD conditions, siVEGFC decreased the growth of HUVEC and increased the viability of A549 cells, while no effect was noticed on SYSY cells. Therefore, we confirmed the different role of VEGFC played in neurons and lung cells in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. These findings may contribute to the understanding the molecular linkage of brain ischemia and lung injury, which therefore provides a new idea for the therapeutic approach to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Dong Wen
- Department of Respiration, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ya Jiang
- Laboratory Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Laboratory Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawwas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Qi-Qin Dan
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui-An Yang
- Department of Respiration, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Department of Respiration, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Mei Zhong
- Department of Respiration, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Liu-Lin Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Respiration, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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149
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Abstract
Angiogenic blood vessel growth is essential to ensure organs receive adequate blood supply to support normal organ function and homeostasis. Angiogenesis involves a complex series of cellular events through which new vessels grow out from existing vasculature. Growth factor signaling, layered over a range of other signaling inputs, orchestrates this process. The response of endothelial cells (ECs) to growth factor signals must be carefully controlled through feedback mechanisms to prevent excessive vessel growth, remodeling or destabilization. In this article, we summarize recent findings describing how ECs respond to growth factor signals during blood vessel development and homeostasis and how perturbation of these responses can lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L Grant
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Australia
- b Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Leigh Coultas
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Australia
- b Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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150
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Chen W, Xia P, Wang H, Tu J, Liang X, Zhang X, Li L. The endothelial tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling during angiogenesis. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:291-301. [PMID: 30903604 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical, fine-tuned, multi-staged biological process. Tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling are the building blocks of sprouting angiogenesis. Accumulated evidences show that tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling are regulated by a variety of physical, chemical and biological factors, especially the interaction among multiple genes, their products and environments. The classic Notch-VEGFR, Slit-Robo, ECM-binding integrin, semaphorin and CCN family play important roles in tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling. In this review, we outline the progress and prospect in the mechanism and the roles of the various molecules and related signaling pathways in endothelial tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling. In the future, the regulators of tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling would be the potential markers and targets for angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Anesthesia, Jilin Provincial People's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihao Tu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyue Liang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China. .,Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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