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Xu J, Shamul JG, Staten NA, White AM, Jiang B, He X. Bioinspired 3D Culture in Nanoliter Hyaluronic Acid-Rich Core-Shell Hydrogel Microcapsules Isolates Highly Pluripotent Human iPSCs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102219. [PMID: 34260817 PMCID: PMC8376787 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are ideal for developing personalized medicine. However, the spontaneous differentiation of human iPSCs under conventional 2D and 3D cultures results in significant heterogeneity and compromised quality. Therefore, a method for effectively isolating and expanding high-quality human iPSCs is critically needed. Here, a biomimetic microencapsulation approach for isolating and culturing high-quality human iPSCs is reported. This is inspired by the natural proliferation and development of blastomeres into early blastocyst where the early embryonic stem cells-containing core is enclosed in a semipermeable hydrogel shell known as the zona pellucida (Zona). Blastomere cluster-like human iPSC clusters are encapsulated in a miniaturized (≈10 nanoliter) hyaluronic acid (HA)-rich core of microcapsules with a semipermeable Zona-like hydrogel shell and subsequently cultured to form pluripotent human iPSC spheroids with significantly improved quality. This is indicated by their high expression of pluripotency markers and highly efficient 3D cardiac differentiation. In particular, HA is found to be crucial for isolating the high-quality human iPSCs with the biomimetic core-shell microencapsulation culture. Interestingly, the isolated human iPSCs can maintain high pluripotency even after being cultured again in 2D. These discoveries and the bioinspired culture method may be valuable to facilitate the human iPSC-based personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangsheng Xu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - James G Shamul
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Nicholas A Staten
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Alisa M White
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Bin Jiang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Tukker AM, Westerink RHS. Novel test strategies for in vitro seizure liability assessment. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:923-936. [PMID: 33595380 PMCID: PMC8367052 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1876026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing incidence of mental illnesses and neurodegenerative diseases results in a high demand for drugs targeting the central nervous system (CNS). These drugs easily reach the CNS, have a high affinity for CNS targets, and are prone to cause seizures as an adverse drug reaction. Current seizure liability assessment heavily depends on in vivo or ex vivo animal models and is therefore ethically debated, labor intensive, expensive, and not always predictive for human risk. AREAS COVERED The demand for CNS drugs urges the development of alternative safety assessment strategies. Yet, the complexity of the CNS hampers reliable detection of compound-induced seizures. This review provides an overview of the requirements of in vitro seizure liability assays and highlights recent advances, including micro-electrode array (MEA) recordings using rodent and human cell models. EXPERT OPINION Successful and cost-effective replacement of in vivo and ex vivo models for seizure liability screening can reduce animal use for drug development, while increasing the predictive value of the assays, particularly if human cell models are used. However, these novel test strategies require further validation and standardization as well as additional refinements to better mimic the human in vivo situation and increase their predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke M. Tukker
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Hall for Discovery and Learning Research (DLR 339), INUSA
| | - Remco H. S. Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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103
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Strother L, Miles GB, Holiday AR, Cheng Y, Doherty GH. Long-term culture of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in the absence of neurotrophins: A novel model of neuronal ageing. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 362:109301. [PMID: 34343572 PMCID: PMC8434422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Studying human ageing is of increasing importance due to the worldwide ageing population. However, it faces the challenge of lengthy experiments to produce an ageing phenotype. Often, to recreate the hallmarks of ageing requires complex empirical conditions that can confound data interpretation. Indeed, many studies use whole organisms with relatively short life spans, which may have little, or limited, relevance to human ageing. There has been extensive use of cell lines to study ageing in human somatic cells, but the modelling of human neuronal ageing is somewhat more complex in vitro. New Method We cultured the well-characterised SH-SY5Y human neural cell line to produce high purity cultures of cells differentiated to express a neuronal phenotype, and designed a protocol to maintain these cells in culture until they accumulated biomarkers of cellular ageing. Results Our data validate a novel and simple technique for the efficient differentiation and long-term maintenance of SH-SY5Y cells, expressing markers of neuronal differentiation and demonstrating electrical activity in culture. Over time in vitro, these cells progressively accumulate markers of ageing such as enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and accumulation of oxidative damage. Comparison to Existing Methods In comparison to existing techniques to model neuronal ageing our method is cost effective, requiring no specialist equipment or growth factors. Conclusions We demonstrate that SH-SY5Y cells, grown under these culture conditions, represent a simple model of neuronal ageing that is amenable to cell biological, biochemical and electrophysiological investigation. Ageing study is often hindered by the need for complex and lengthy experiments. SH-SY5Y cells underwent neuronal differentiation and were cultured until they were of an aged phenotype. These cells were electrically active and acquired oxidative damage. This is a novel technique to model neuronal ageing in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Strother
- Bute Building, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, West Burn Lane, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK
| | - Gareth B Miles
- Bute Building, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, West Burn Lane, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK
| | - Alison R Holiday
- Bute Building, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, West Burn Lane, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK
| | - Ying Cheng
- Bute Building, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, West Burn Lane, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK
| | - Gayle H Doherty
- Bute Building, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, West Burn Lane, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK.
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In vitro monitoring of HTR2A-positive neurons derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15437. [PMID: 34326453 PMCID: PMC8322101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) has been receiving increasing attention because its genetic variants have been associated with a variety of neurological diseases. To elucidate the pathogenesis of the neurological diseases associated with 5-HT2AR gene (HTR2A) variants, we have previously established a protocol to induce HTR2A-expressing neurons from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Here, we investigated the maturation stages and electrophysiological properties of HTR2A-positive neurons induced from hiPSCs and constructed an HTR2A promoter-specific reporter lentivirus to label the neurons. We found that neuronal maturity increased over time and that HTR2A expression was induced at the late stage of neuronal maturation. Furthermore, we demonstrated successful labelling of the HTR2A-positive neurons, which had fluorescence and generated repetitive action potentials in response to depolarizing currents and an inward current during the application of TCB-2, a selective agonist of 5-HT2ARs, respectively. These results indicated that our in vitro model mimicked the in vivo dynamics of 5-HT2AR. Therefore, in vitro monitoring of the function of HTR2A-positive neurons induced from hiPSCs could help elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological diseases associated with genetic variations of the HTR2A gene.
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105
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Armijo E, Edwards G, Flores A, Vera J, Shahnawaz M, Moda F, Gonzalez C, Sanhueza M, Soto C. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Precursors Improve Memory, Synaptic and Pathological Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071802. [PMID: 34359972 PMCID: PMC8303262 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly population. The disease is characterized by progressive memory loss, cerebral atrophy, extensive neuronal loss, synaptic alterations, brain inflammation, extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and intracellular accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein. Many recent clinical trials have failed to show therapeutic benefit, likely because at the time in which patients exhibit clinical symptoms the brain is irreversibly damaged. In recent years, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been suggested as a promising cell therapy to recover brain functionality in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. To evaluate the potential benefits of iPSCs on AD progression, we stereotaxically injected mouse iPSC-derived neural precursors (iPSC-NPCs) into the hippocampus of aged triple transgenic (3xTg-AD) mice harboring extensive pathological abnormalities typical of AD. Interestingly, iPSC-NPCs transplanted mice showed improved memory, synaptic plasticity, and reduced AD brain pathology, including a reduction of amyloid and tangles deposits. Our findings suggest that iPSC-NPCs might be a useful therapy that could produce benefit at the advanced clinical and pathological stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Armijo
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Av. San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - George Edwards
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Andrea Flores
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Jorge Vera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800024, Chile; (J.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Mohammad Shahnawaz
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Fabio Moda
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cesar Gonzalez
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Magdalena Sanhueza
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800024, Chile; (J.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Av. San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Heo J, Choi J, Kim JY, Jeong H, Choi D, Han U, Park JH, Park HH, Hong J. 2D graphene oxide particles induce unwanted loss in pluripotency and trigger early differentiation in human pluripotent stem cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125472. [PMID: 33640729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential health hazards of particulates, such as micro/nano-sized plastics and carbon materials have recently received extensive attention. However, their toxicological properties in association with stem cell differentiation is still relatively unexplored. In this study, we elucidated the cytotoxic effects of 2D graphene oxide (GO), in relation to differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Supplementation of GO to hiPSCs demonstrated uptake of GO through the plasma membrane and intracellular accumulation was observed. Increasing the concentration of GO led to reduced viability and increased likelihood of hiPSC colony detachment. Moreover, treatment of GO resulted in significant loss in pluripotency markers, OCT-4 and NANOG. In particular, when hiPSCs were cultured with GO in cardiomyocyte induction medium, upregulation of cardiomyocyte marker, NKX2.5, along with observation of early triggering of differentiation were observed. Taken together, our results highlight the risk in the uptake and accumulation of GO on the stem cell development by unwanted loss in pluripotency and accelerated initiation of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoong Heo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biohealth-Machinery Convergence Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejoong Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Daheui Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Uiyoung Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biohealth-Machinery Convergence Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Llorente IL, Hatanaka EA, Meadow ME, Xie Y, Lowry WE, Carmichael ST. Reliable generation of glial enriched progenitors from human fibroblast-derived iPSCs. Stem Cell Res 2021; 55:102458. [PMID: 34274773 PMCID: PMC8444576 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter stroke (WMS) occurs as small infarcts in deep penetrating blood vessels in the brain and affects the regions of the brain that carry connections, termed the subcortical white matter. WMS progresses over years and has devastating clinical consequences. Unlike large grey matter strokes, WMS disrupts the axonal architecture of the brain and depletes astrocytes, oligodendrocyte lineage cells, axons and myelinating cells, resulting in abnormalities of gait and executive function. An astrocytic cell-based therapy is positioned as a strong therapeutic candidate after WMS. In this study we report, the reliable generation of a novel stem cell-based therapeutic product, glial enriched progenitors (GEPs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). By transient treatment of hiPSC derived neural progenitors (hiPSC-NPCs) with the small molecule deferoxamine, a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, for three days hiPSC-NPCs become permanently biased towards an astrocytic fate, producing hiPSC-GEPs. In preparation for clinical application, we have developed qualification assays to ensure identity, safety, purity, and viability of the cells prior to manufacture. Using tailored q-RT-PCR-based assays, we have demonstrated the lack of pluripotency in our final therapeutic candidate cells (hiPSC-GEPs) and we have identified the unique genetic profile of hiPSC-GEPs that is clearly distinct from the parent lines, hiPSCs and iPSC-NPCs. After completion of the viability assay, we have stablished the therapeutic window of use for hiPSC-GEPs in future clinical applications (7 h). Lastly, we were able to reliably and consistently produce a safe therapeutic final product negative for contamination by any human or murine viral pathogens, selected bacteria, common laboratory mycoplasmas, growth of any aerobes, anaerobes, yeast, or fungi and 100 times less endotoxin levels than the maximum acceptable value. This study demonstrates the reliable and safe generation of patient derived hiPSC-GEPs that are clinically ready as a cell-based therapeutic approach for WMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene L Llorente
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Emily A Hatanaka
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, USA
| | - Michael E Meadow
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, USA
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, USA
| | - William E Lowry
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, USA
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Fayazi N, Sheykhhasan M, Soleimani Asl S, Najafi R. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: a New Strategy of Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3494-3514. [PMID: 33745116 PMCID: PMC7981389 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Short-term symptomatic treatment and dose-dependent side effects of pharmacological treatment for neurodegenerative diseases have forced the medical community to seek an effective treatment for this serious global health threat. Therapeutic potential of stem cell for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders was identified in 1980 when fetal nerve tissue was used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). Then, extensive studies have been conducted to develop this treatment strategy for neurological disease therapy. Today, stem cells and their secretion are well-known as a therapeutic environment for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This new paradigm has demonstrated special characteristics related to this treatment, including neuroprotective and neurodegeneration, remyelination, reduction of neural inflammation, and recovery of function after induced injury. However, the exact mechanism of stem cells in repairing nerve damage is not yet clear; exosomes derived from them, an important part of their secretion, are introduced as responsible for an important part of such effects. Numerous studies over the past few decades have evaluated the therapeutic potential of exosomes in the treatment of various neurological diseases. In this review, after recalling the features and therapeutic history, we will discuss the latest stem cell-derived exosome-based therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashmin Fayazi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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109
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Chen YT, Miao K, Zhou L, Xiong WN. Stem cell therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1535-1545. [PMID: 34250959 PMCID: PMC8280064 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by persistent and not fully reversible airflow restrictions, is currently one of the most widespread chronic lung diseases in the world. The most common symptoms of COPD are cough, expectoration, and exertional dyspnea. Although various strategies have been developed during the last few decades, current medical treatment for COPD only focuses on the relief of symptoms, and the reversal of lung function deterioration and improvement in patient's quality of life are very limited. Consequently, development of novel effective therapeutic strategies for COPD is urgently needed. Stem cells were known to differentiate into a variety of cell types and used to regenerate lung parenchyma and airway structures. Stem cell therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy that has the potential to restore the lung function and improve the quality of life in patients with COPD. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the clinical research on the treatment of COPD with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and aims to update the understanding of the role of MSCs in COPD treatment, which may be helpful for developing effective therapeutic strategies in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Tian Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Kang Miao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wei-Ning Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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Soh R, Hardy A, Zur Nieden NI. The FOXO signaling axis displays conjoined functions in redox homeostasis and stemness. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:224-237. [PMID: 33878426 PMCID: PMC9910585 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous views of reactive oxygen species (ROS) depicted them as harmful byproducts of metabolism as uncontrolled levels of ROS can lead to DNA damage and cell death. However, recent studies have shed light into the key role of ROS in the self-renewal or differentiation of the stem cell. The interplay between ROS levels, metabolism, and the downstream redox signaling pathways influence stem cell fate. In this review we will define ROS, explain how they are generated, and how ROS signaling can influence transcription factors, first and foremost forkhead box-O transcription factors, that shape not only the cellular redox state, but also stem cell fate. Now that studies have illustrated the importance of redox homeostasis and the role of redox signaling, understanding the mechanisms behind this interplay will further shed light into stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthia Soh
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA
| | - Ariana Hardy
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA
| | - Nicole I Zur Nieden
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA; Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA.
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111
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Setthawong P, Phakdeedindan P, Techakumphu M, Tharasanit T. Molecular signature and colony morphology affect in vitro pluripotency of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1104-1116. [PMID: 34013645 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Overall efficiency of cell reprogramming for porcine fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is currently poor, and few cell lines have been established. This study examined gene expression during early phase of cellular reprogramming in the relationship to the iPSC colony morphology and in vitro pluripotent characteristics. Fibroblasts were reprogrammed with OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. Two different colony morphologies referred to either compact (n = 10) or loose (n = 10) colonies were further examined for proliferative activity, gene expression and in vitro pluripotency. A total of 1,697 iPSC-like colonies (2.34%) were observed after gene transduction. The compact colonies contained with tightly packed cells with a distinct-clear border between the colony and feeder cells, while loose colonies demonstrated irregular colony boundary. For quantitative expression of genes responsible for early phase cell reprogramming, the Dppa2 and EpCAM were significantly upregulated while NR0B1 was downregulated in compact colonies compared with loose phenotype (p < .05). Higher proportion of compact iPSC phenotype (5 of 10, 50%) could be maintained in undifferentiated state for more than 50 passages compared unfavourably with loose morphology (3 of 10, 30%). All iPS cell lines obtained from these two types of colony morphologies expressed pluripotent genes and proteins (OCT4, NANOG and E-cadherin). In addition, they could aggregate and form three-dimensional structure of embryoid bodies. However, only compact iPSC colonies differentiated into three germ layers. Molecular signature of early phase of cell reprogramming coupled with primary colony morphology reflected the in vitro pluripotency of porcine iPSCs. These findings can be simply applied for pre-screening selection of the porcine iPSC cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyathip Setthawong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praopilas Phakdeedindan
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Techakumphu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,CU-Animal Fertility Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Miotti G, Parodi PC, Zeppieri M. Stem cell therapy in ocular pathologies in the past 20 years. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:366-385. [PMID: 34136071 PMCID: PMC8176844 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i5.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies are successfully used in various fields of medicine. This new approach of research is also expanding in ophthalmology. Huge investments, resources and important clinical trials have been performed in stem cell research and in potential therapies. In recent years, great strides have been made in genetic research, which permitted and enhanced the differentiation of stem cells. Moreover, the possibility of exploiting stem cells from other districts (such as adipose, dental pulp, bone marrow stem cells, etc.) for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases, renders this topic fascinating. Furthermore, great strides have been made in biomedical engineering, which have proposed new materials and three-dimensional structures useful for cell therapy of the eye. The encouraging results obtained on clinical trials conducted on animals have given a significant boost in the creation of study protocols also in humans. Results are limited to date, but clinical trials continue to evolve. Our attention is centered on the literature reported over the past 20 years, considering animal (the most represented in literature) and human clinical trials, which are limiting. The aim of our review is to present a brief overview of the main types of treatments based on stem cells in the field of ophthalmic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Miotti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Pier Camillo Parodi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
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113
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Shyh-Chang N, Li L. Stabilizing Formative Pluripotent States with Germ Cell Competency. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:361-363. [PMID: 33667353 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous work demonstrating the existence of intermediate pluripotency states in post-implantation embryos had ignited a debate on whether "formative" pluripotency can be stabilized in pluripotent stem cell (PSC) lines. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, two papers show that polarized epithelial and germ cell-competent formative PSCs can be maintained in modified activin-dependent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ng Shyh-Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District 100101, Beijing, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District 100101, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District 100101, Beijing, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District 100101, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
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114
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Evaluation of the prevention and treatment effects of acupuncture-moxibustion for Alzheimer disease based on various mouse models. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-021-1239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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115
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Evaluation of the Spanish population coverage of a prospective HLA haplobank of induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:233. [PMID: 33849662 PMCID: PMC8042859 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cells) banks of iPSC lines with homozygous HLA (human leukocyte antigen) haplotypes (haplobanks) are proposed as an affordable and off-the-shelf approach to allogeneic transplantation of iPSC derived cell therapies. Cord blood banks offer an extensive source of HLA-typed cells suitable for reprogramming to iPSC. Several initiatives worldwide have been undertaken to create national and international iPSC haplobanks that match a significant part of a population. Methods To create an iPSC haplobank that serves the Spanish population (IPS-PANIA), we have searched the Spanish Bone Marrow Donor Registry (REDMO) to identify the most frequently estimated haplotypes. From the top ten donors identified, we estimated the population coverage using the criteria of zero mismatches in HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 with different stringencies: high resolution, low resolution, and beneficial mismatch. Results We have calculated that ten cord blood units from homozygous donors stored at the Spanish cord blood banks can provide HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 matching for 28.23% of the population. Conclusion We confirm the feasibility of using banked cord blood units to create an iPSC haplobank that will cover a significant percentage of the Spanish and international population for future advanced therapy replacement strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02301-0.
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116
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Scaffold-free cell-based tissue engineering therapies: advances, shortfalls and forecast. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:18. [PMID: 33782415 PMCID: PMC8007731 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based scaffold-free therapies seek to develop in vitro organotypic three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like surrogates, capitalising upon the inherent capacity of cells to create tissues with efficiency and sophistication that is still unparalleled by human-made devices. Although automation systems have been realised and (some) success stories have been witnessed over the years in clinical and commercial arenas, in vitro organogenesis is far from becoming a standard way of care. This limited technology transfer is largely attributed to scalability-associated costs, considering that the development of a borderline 3D implantable device requires very high number of functional cells and prolonged ex vivo culture periods. Herein, we critically discuss advancements and shortfalls of scaffold-free cell-based tissue engineering strategies, along with pioneering concepts that have the potential to transform regenerative and reparative medicine.
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117
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Esteban PP, Patel H, Veraitch F, Khalife R. Optimization of the nutritional environment for differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells using design of experiments-A proof of concept. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3143. [PMID: 33683823 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in cell therapy has a tremendous potential but faces many practical challenges, including costs associated with cell culture media and growth factors. There is an immediate need to establish an optimized culture platform to direct the differentiation of hiPSCs into germ layers in a defined nutritional microenvironment to generate cost-effective and robust therapeutics. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal nutritional environment by mimicking the in vivo concentrations of three key factors (glucose, pyruvate, and oxygen) during the spontaneous differentiation of hiPSCs derived from cord blood, which greatly differ from the in vitro expansion and differentiation scenarios. Moreover, we hypothesized that the high glucose, pyruvate, and oxygen concentrations found in typical growth media could inhibit the differentiation of certain lineages. A design of experiments was used to investigate the interaction between these three variables during the spontaneous differentiation of hiPSCs. We found that lower oxygen and glucose concentrations enhance the expression of mesodermal (Brachyury, KIF1A) and ectodermal (Nestin, β-Tubulin) markers. Our findings present a novel approach for efficient directed differentiation of hiPSCs through the manipulation of media components while simultaneously avoiding the usage of growth factors thus reducing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Esteban
- College of Health and Life Sciences, School of Biosciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hamza Patel
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Farlan Veraitch
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rana Khalife
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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118
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Davidsen N, Lauvås AJ, Myhre O, Ropstad E, Carpi D, Gyves EMD, Berntsen HF, Dirven H, Paulsen RE, Bal-Price A, Pistollato F. Exposure to human relevant mixtures of halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) alters neurodevelopmental processes in human neural stem cells undergoing differentiation. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 100:17-34. [PMID: 33333158 PMCID: PMC7992035 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known to cause cancer, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and interfere with reproduction and development. Concerns have been raised about the impact of POPs upon brain development and possibly neurodevelopmental disorders. The developing brain is a particularly vulnerable organ due to dynamic and complex neurodevelopmental processes occurring early in life. However, very few studies have reported on the effects of POP mixtures at human relevant exposures, and their impact on key neurodevelopmental processes using human in vitro test systems. Aiming to reduce this knowledge gap, we exposed mixed neuronal/glial cultures differentiated from neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to reconstructed mixtures of 29 different POPs using concentrations comparable to Scandinavian human blood levels. Effects of the POP mixtures on neuronal proliferation, differentiation and synaptogenesis were evaluated using in vitro assays anchored to common key events identified in the existing developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). The present study showed that mixtures of POPs (in particular brominated and chlorinated compounds) at human relevant concentrations increased proliferation of NSCs and decreased synapse number. Based on a mathematical modelling, synaptogenesis and neurite outgrowth seem to be the most sensitive DNT in vitro endpoints. Our results indicate that prenatal exposure to POPs may affect human brain development, potentially contributing to recently observed learning and memory deficits in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichlas Davidsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Jacobsen Lauvås
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Donatella Carpi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Hanne Friis Berntsen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway; National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E Paulsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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119
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Zheng HX, Wu FH, Li SM, Zhang XS, Sui N. Single-cell profiling lights different cell trajectories in plants. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:64-78. [PMID: 36304478 PMCID: PMC9590582 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of the maintenance and differentiation of plant stem cells is an eternal theme in studies on plant growth and development. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methods have completely changed the understanding of cell heterogeneity and cell function, allowing research precision to identify the differentiation trajectory of stem cells maintained and differentiated at the cellular level. This review aimed to mainly discuss the novel insights provided by scRNA-seq for the maintenance and initiation of plant stem cells, cell differentiation, cell response to environmental changes, and improvement strategies for scRNA-seq. In addition, it highlighted additional perspectives beyond scRNA-seq, such as spatial transcriptomes, epigenomes, and single-cell multiomics, for a renewed understanding of stem cell maintenance and cell differentiation, thus providing potential targets and theoretical foundations for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiang Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Feng-Hui Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Si-Min Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014 Shandong China
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120
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Induction of Stem Cell Like Cells from Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast by Short-Term Shear Stress and Vitamin C. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a good medicine source because of their potential to differentiate into various tissues or cells. However, traditionally, iPSCs made by specific transgenes and virus vectors are not appropriate for clinical use because of safety concerns and risk of tumor development. The goal of this research was to develop an alternative method for reprogramming, using small molecules and external stimuli. Two groups were established: short-term shear stress (STSS) under suspension culture and a combination of short-term shear stress and vitamin C (SSVC) under suspension culture. For STSS, the pipetting was carried out for cells twice per day for 2 min for 14 days in the embryonic stem cell (ES) medium. In the case of SSVC, the procedure was the same as for STSS however, its ES medium included 10 µM of vitamin C. After 14 days, all spheroids were picked and checked for pluripotency by ALP (alkaline phosphatase) assay and immunocytochemistry. Both groups partially showed the characteristics of stem cells but data demonstrated that the spheroids under shear stress and vitamin C had improved stem cell-like properties. This research showed the possibility of external stimuli and small molecules to reprogram the somatic cells without the use of transgenes.
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121
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Serras AS, Rodrigues JS, Cipriano M, Rodrigues AV, Oliveira NG, Miranda JP. A Critical Perspective on 3D Liver Models for Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Studies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626805. [PMID: 33732695 PMCID: PMC7957963 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor predictability of human liver toxicity is still causing high attrition rates of drug candidates in the pharmaceutical industry at the non-clinical, clinical, and post-marketing authorization stages. This is in part caused by animal models that fail to predict various human adverse drug reactions (ADRs), resulting in undetected hepatotoxicity at the non-clinical phase of drug development. In an effort to increase the prediction of human hepatotoxicity, different approaches to enhance the physiological relevance of hepatic in vitro systems are being pursued. Three-dimensional (3D) or microfluidic technologies allow to better recapitulate hepatocyte organization and cell-matrix contacts, to include additional cell types, to incorporate fluid flow and to create gradients of oxygen and nutrients, which have led to improved differentiated cell phenotype and functionality. This comprehensive review addresses the drug-induced hepatotoxicity mechanisms and the currently available 3D liver in vitro models, their characteristics, as well as their advantages and limitations for human hepatotoxicity assessment. In addition, since toxic responses are greatly dependent on the culture model, a comparative analysis of the toxicity studies performed using two-dimensional (2D) and 3D in vitro strategies with recognized hepatotoxic compounds, such as paracetamol, diclofenac, and troglitazone is performed, further highlighting the need for harmonization of the respective characterization methods. Finally, taking a step forward, we propose a roadmap for the assessment of drugs hepatotoxicity based on fully characterized fit-for-purpose in vitro models, taking advantage of the best of each model, which will ultimately contribute to more informed decision-making in the drug development and risk assessment fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Serras
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana S. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Armanda V. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno G. Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana P. Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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122
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Wang Q, Xiong Y, Zhang S, Sui Y, Yu C, Liu P, Li H, Guo W, Gao Y, Przepiorski A, Davidson AJ, Guo M, Zhang X. The Dynamics of Metabolic Characterization in iPSC-Derived Kidney Organoid Differentiation via a Comparative Omics Approach. Front Genet 2021; 12:632810. [PMID: 33643392 PMCID: PMC7902935 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in mini-tissue organoids provides an invaluable resource for regenerative medicine applications, particularly in the field of disease modeling. However, most studies using a kidney organoid model, focused solely on the transcriptomics and did not explore mechanisms of regulating kidney organoids related to metabolic effects and maturational phenotype. Here, we applied metabolomics coupled with transcriptomics to investigate the metabolic dynamics and function during kidney organoid differentiation. Not only did we validate the dominant metabolic alteration from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in the iPSC differentiation process but we also showed that glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism had a regulatory role during kidney organoid formation and lineage maturation. Notably, serine had a role in regulating S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to facilitate kidney organoid formation by altering DNA methylation. Our data revealed that analysis of metabolic characterization broadens our ability to understand phenotype regulation. The utilization of this comparative omics approach, in studying kidney organoid formation, can aid in deciphering unique knowledge about the biological and physiological processes involved in organoid-based disease modeling or drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yucui Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunlai Yu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Gao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aneta Przepiorski
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
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123
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McMinn P, Guckenberger DJ, Beebe DJ. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells on a Chip: A Self-Contained, Accessible, Pipette-less iPSC Culturing and Differentiation Kit. SLAS Technol 2021; 26:80-91. [PMID: 32552316 PMCID: PMC10843275 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320921173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a major focus of stem cell and developmental biology research, offering researchers a clinically relevant source of cells that are amenable to genetic engineering approaches. Though stem cells are promising for both research and commercial endeavors, iPSC-based assays require tedious protocols that include complex treatments, expensive reagents, and specialized equipment that limit their integration into academic curricula and cell biology research groups. Expanding on existing Kit-On-A-Lid-Assay (KOALA) technologies, we have developed a self-contained, injection molded, pipette-less iPSC culture and differentiation platform that significantly reduces associated costs and labor of stem cell maintenance and differentiation. The KOALA kit offers users the full range of iPSC culture necessities, including cell cryopreservation, media exchanges, differentiation, endpoint analysis, and a new capability, cell passaging. Using the KOALA kit, we were able to culture ~20,000 iPSCs per microchannel for at least 7 days, while maintaining stable expression of stemness markers (SSEA4 and Oct4) and normal iPSC phenotype. We also adapted protocols for differentiating iPSCs into neuroepithelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and definitive endodermal cells, a cell type from each germ layer of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McMinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Guckenberger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Dell' Amico C, Tata A, Pellegrino E, Onorati M, Conti L. Genome editing in stem cells for genetic neurodisorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 182:403-438. [PMID: 34175049 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent advent of genome editing techniques and their rapid improvement paved the way in establishing innovative human neurological disease models and in developing new therapeutic opportunities. Human pluripotent (both induced or naive) stem cells and neural stem cells represent versatile tools to be applied to multiple research needs and, together with genomic snip and fix tools, have recently made possible the creation of unique platforms to directly investigate several human neural affections. In this chapter, we will discuss genome engineering tools, and their recent improvements, applied to the stem cell field, focusing on how these two technologies may be pivotal instruments to deeply unravel molecular mechanisms underlying development and function, as well as disorders, of the human brain. We will review how these frontier technologies may be exploited to investigate or treat severe neurodevelopmental disorders, such as microcephaly, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, as well as neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal muscular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dell' Amico
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Tata
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Enrica Pellegrino
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Onorati
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luciano Conti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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Niceforo A, Marioli C, Colasuonno F, Petrini S, Massey K, Tartaglia M, Bertini E, Moreno S, Compagnucci C. Altered cytoskeletal arrangement in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and motor neurons from patients with riboflavin transporter deficiency. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm.046391. [PMID: 33468503 PMCID: PMC7927654 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal network plays a crucial role in differentiation, morphogenesis, function and homeostasis of the nervous tissue, so that alterations in any of its components may lead to neurodegenerative diseases. Riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD), a childhood-onset disorder characterized by degeneration of motor neurons (MNs), is caused by biallelic mutations in genes encoding the human riboflavin (RF) transporters. In a patient- specific induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) model of RTD, we recently demonstrated altered cell-cell contacts, energy dysmetabolism and redox imbalance.The present study focusses on cytoskeletal composition and dynamics associated to RTD, utilizing patients' iPSCs and derived MNs. Abnormal expression and distribution of α- and β-tubulin (α- and β-TUB), as well as imbalanced tyrosination of α-TUB, accompanied by impaired ability to repolymerize after nocodazole treatment, were found in RTD patient-derived iPSCs. Following differentiation, MNs showed consistent changes in TUB content, which was associated with abnormal morphofunctional features, such as neurite length and Ca++ homeostasis, suggesting impaired differentiation.Beneficial effects of RF supplementation, alone or in combination with the antioxidant molecule N-acetyl-cystine (NAC), were assessed. RF administration resulted in partially improved cytoskeletal features in patients' iPSCs and MNs, suggesting that redundancy of transporters may rescue cell functionality in the presence of adequate concentrations of the vitamin. Moreover, supplementation with NAC was demonstrated to be effective in restoring all the considered parameters, when used in combination with RF, thus supporting the therapeutic use of both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Niceforo
- Department of Science, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, University Roma Tre, Rome 00146, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Chiara Marioli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Fiorella Colasuonno
- Department of Science, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, University Roma Tre, Rome 00146, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Keith Massey
- Science Director, Cure RTD Foundation, 6228 Northaven Road, Dallas, TX 75230, USA
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome 00146, Italy
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, University Roma Tre, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome 00146, Italy
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Sens J, Hoffmann D, Lange L, Vollmer Barbosa P, Morgan M, Falk CS, Schambach A. Knockout-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease and Therapy Modeling of IL-10-Associated Primary Immunodeficiencies. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:77-95. [PMID: 33023317 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Samples from patients with rare diseases, such as primary immunodeficiencies, are often limited, which hampers careful analysis of the pathomechanisms involved in immune cell dysregulation. To overcome this issue, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent an almost inexhaustible cell source and thus provide an excellent opportunity to generate disease models for rare diseases and to validate new therapeutic approaches. To obtain a better understanding of primary immunodeficiencies associated with the interleukin (IL)-10 signaling pathway, for example, very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD), we generated genetic knockouts (KOs) of IL-10RA (IL-10 receptor α-chain) and IL-10RB (IL-10 receptor β-chain) as well as the downstream targets of the IL-10-receptor (IL-10R) signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 via an sgRNA (single-guide RNA)-CRISPR-Cas9-expressing lentiviral system. IL-10 signaling-associated KO models and a VEO-IBD patient-derived iPSC clone were differentiated into macrophages for disease models. IL-10R- or STAT3-deficient disease models showed no IL-10-induced BCL3 or SOCS3 expression, whereas lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation induced IL-10R independently of BCL3 and SOCS3 expression. Cytokine secretion profiles from iPSC-derived macrophage disease models showed that IL-10 was involved in many inflammatory cytokine secretions, which indicated formation of both anti- and proinflammatory macrophage phenotypes. Macrophage-secreted cytokines were separated into IL-10R- and STAT3-dependent (IL-6, TNF-α), or into IL-10R-, STAT1-, and STAT3-dependent cytokines (CCL2, CXCL10). Importantly, lentiviral correction restored IL-10-mediated regulation of LPS-induced cytokine secretion in corrected IL-10RB, STAT1, and VEO-IBD patient-derived disease models. Furthermore, treatment of IL-10RB-deficient macrophages with anti-inflammatory small molecules (SB202190, filgotinib) reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion patterns. Taken together, the described iPSC KO models gave new insights into the pathomechanisms of immune cell dysregulation and served as model systems to test potential therapeutic approaches, including lentiviral gene therapy and targeted small-molecule treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sens
- Institute of Experimental Hematology.,REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine
| | - Dirk Hoffmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology.,REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine
| | - Lucas Lange
- Institute of Experimental Hematology.,REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine
| | - Philippe Vollmer Barbosa
- Institute of Experimental Hematology.,REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology.,REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology.,REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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127
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HDAC inhibitors improve CRISPR-mediated HDR editing efficiency in iPSCs. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1449-1462. [PMID: 33420926 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genome-edited human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for therapeutic applications. However, low editing efficiency has hampered the applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in creating knockout and homology-directed repair (HDR)-edited iPSC lines, particularly for silent genes. This is partially due to chromatin compaction, inevitably limiting Cas9 access to the target DNA. Among the six HDAC inhibitors we examined, vorinostat, or suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), led to the highest HDR efficiency at both open and closed loci, with acceptable toxicity. HDAC inhibitors equally increased non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) editing efficiencies (∼50%) at both open and closed loci, due to the considerable HDAC inhibitor-mediated increase in Cas9 and sgRNA expression. However, we observed more substantial HDR efficiency improvement at closed loci relative to open chromatin (2.8 vs. 1.7-fold change). These studies provide a new strategy for HDR-editing of silent genes in iPSCs.
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128
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Generation of Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells through Transposon-Mediated Reprogramming. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2454:791-809. [PMID: 33755907 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The seminal discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells through ectopic expression of a cocktail of gene factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC) by the group of Yamanaka was a major breakthrough, gained widespread acclaim and garnered much attention in the field of stem cell science. The iPS cells possess most of the characteristics and advantages of embryonic stem (ES) cells without the association of ethical stigma for their derivation. In addition, these cells can give rise to any cell type of the body and thus have tremendous potential for many downstream applications in research and regenerative medicine. The original method requires viral transduction of several reprogramming factors, which may be associated with an increased risk of oncogenicity and insertional mutagenesis. Nonviral methods for generation of iPS cells through somatic cell reprogramming are powerful tools for establishing in vitro disease models, development of new protocols for treatment of different diseases, and creating transgenic mice models. Here, we present a detailed protocol for the generation of transposon-mediated iPS cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and give a short overview of the characterization of the generated iPS cell lines.
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129
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Zhang X, Li Z, Liu Y, Gai Z. Great Expectations: Induced pluripotent stem cell technologies in neurodevelopmental impairments. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:459-473. [PMID: 33390815 PMCID: PMC7757149 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cells such as skin fibroblasts, umbilical cord blood, peripheral blood, urinary epithelial cells, etc., are transformed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by reprogramming technology, a milestone in the stem-cell research field. IPSCs are similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), exhibiting the potential to differentiate into various somatic cells. Still, the former avoid problems of immune rejection and medical ethics in the study of ESCs and clinical trials. Neurodevelopmental disorders are chronic developmental brain dysfunctions that affect cognition, exercise, social adaptability, behavior, etc. Due to various inherited or acquired causes, they seriously affect the physical and psychological health of infants and children. These include generalized stunting / mental disability (GDD/ID), Epilepsy, autism spectrum disease (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most neurodevelopmental disorders are challenging to cure. Establishing a neurodevelopmental disorder system model is essential for researching and treating neurodevelopmental disorders. At this stage, the scarcity of samples is a bigger problem for studying neurological diseases based on the donor, ethics, etc. Some iPSCs are reprogrammed from somatic cells that carry disease-causing mutations. They differentiate into nerve cells by induction, which has the original characteristics of diseases. Disease-specific iPSCs are used to study the mechanism and pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. The process provided samples and the impetus for developing drugs and developing treatment plans for neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, this article mainly introduced the development of iPSCs, the currently established iPSCs disease models, and artificial organoids related to neurodevelopmental impairments. This technology will promote our understanding of neurodevelopmental impairments and bring great expectations to children with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China.,Jinan Pediatric Research Institute, Jinan Children's Hospital, Ji'nan 250022, China.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250033, China
| | - Zilong Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China.,Jinan Pediatric Research Institute, Jinan Children's Hospital, Ji'nan 250022, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China.,Jinan Pediatric Research Institute, Jinan Children's Hospital, Ji'nan 250022, China
| | - Zhongtao Gai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China.,Jinan Pediatric Research Institute, Jinan Children's Hospital, Ji'nan 250022, China
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130
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Soret PA, Magusto J, Housset C, Gautheron J. In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Critical Appraisal. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010036. [PMID: 33374435 PMCID: PMC7794936 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), represents the hepatic manifestation of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Due to the spread of the obesity epidemic, NAFLD is becoming the most common chronic liver disease and one of the principal indications for liver transplantation. However, no pharmacological treatment is currently approved to prevent the outbreak of NASH, which leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Preclinical research is required to improve our knowledge of NAFLD physiopathology and to identify new therapeutic targets. In the present review, we summarize advances in NAFLD preclinical models from cellular models, including new bioengineered platforms, to in vivo models, with a particular focus on genetic and dietary mouse models. We aim to discuss the advantages and limits of these different models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antoine Soret
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; (P.-A.S.); (J.M.); (C.H.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hepatology Department, Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Julie Magusto
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; (P.-A.S.); (J.M.); (C.H.)
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Housset
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; (P.-A.S.); (J.M.); (C.H.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hepatology Department, Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 75012 Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; (P.-A.S.); (J.M.); (C.H.)
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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131
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Abstract
Through novel methodologies, including both basic and clinical research, progress has been made in the therapy of solid cancer. Recent innovations in anticancer therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitor biologics, therapeutic vaccines, small drugs, and CAR-T cell injections, mark a new epoch in cancer research, already known for faster (epi-)genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. As the long-sought after personalization of cancer therapies comes to fruition, the need to evaluate all current therapeutic possibilities and select the best for each patient is of paramount importance. This is a novel task for medical care that deserves prominence in therapeutic considerations in the future. This is because cancer is a complex genetic disease. In its deadly form, metastatic cancer, it includes altered genes (and their regulators) that encode ten hallmarks of cancer-independent growth, dodging apoptosis, immortalization, multidrug resistance, neovascularization, invasiveness, genome instability, inflammation, deregulation of metabolism, and avoidance of destruction by the immune system. These factors have been known targets for many anticancer drugs and treatments, and their modulation is a therapeutic goal, with the hope of rendering solid cancer a chronic rather than deadly disease. In this article, the current therapeutic arsenal against cancers is reviewed with a focus on immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Dembic
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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132
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Chen S, Chen B, Su G, Chen J, Guo D, Yin Q, Wang W, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Shi J, Lu W. Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase-1 regulates self-renewal and pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells through Ras signaling. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102097. [PMID: 33271468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental plasticity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is mainly controlled by well-characterized transcription factors, but additional factors, especially those related to metabolism that modulate this intrinsic program remain elusive. Here, using whole transcriptome analysis, we identified branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase-1(Bcat1) as highly-expressed in mouse ESCs and dramatically down-regulated upon differentiation. Bcat1 deletion impaired pluripotency and self-renewal in mouse ESCs, while Bcat1 overexpression resulted in robust ESC self-renewal and inhibition of differentiation. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) analysis showed that Bcat1 deletion altered whole genome methylation levels and hence gene expression in multiple pathways. Specifically, Bcat1 deletion increased expression of RAS protein activator like 1(Rasal1), leading to inactivation of Ras-Erk/MAPK signaling, while Rasal1 inhibition rescued defects seen in Bcat1 deleted cells. In summary, we demonstrate that Bcat1 is essential for mouse ESC self-renewal and pluripotency and that this effect is mediated by DNA methylation and the Ras signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Bohan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Guangsong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Dianhao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Qingqing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China.
| | - Jiandang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China.
| | - Wange Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China.
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133
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Demirci S, Leonard A, Tisdale JF. Hematopoietic stem cells from pluripotent stem cells: Clinical potential, challenges, and future perspectives. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1549-1557. [PMID: 32725882 PMCID: PMC7695636 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is an active and promising area of research; however, generating engraftable HSCs remains a major obstacle. Ex vivo HSC derivation from renewable sources such as iPSCs offers an experimental tool for studying developmental hematopoiesis, disease modeling, and drug discovery, and yields tremendous therapeutic potential for malignant and nonmalignant hematological disorders. Although initial attempts mostly recapitulated yolk sac primitive/definitive hematopoiesis with inability to engraft, recent advances suggest the feasibility of engraftable HSC derivation from iPSCs utilizing ectopic transcription factor expression. Strategic development for de novo HSC generation includes further investigations of HSC ontogeny, and elucidation of critical signaling pathways, epigenetic modulations, HSC and iPSC microenvironment, and cell-cell interactions that contribute to stem cell biology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics BranchNational Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics BranchNational Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics BranchNational Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
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The Future of Direct Cardiac Reprogramming: Any GMT Cocktail Variety? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217950. [PMID: 33114756 PMCID: PMC7663133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct cardiac reprogramming has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to treat and regenerate injured hearts through the direct conversion of fibroblasts into cardiac cells. Most studies have focused on the reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs). The first study in which this technology was described, showed that at least a combination of three transcription factors, GATA4, MEF2C and TBX5 (GMT cocktail), was required for the reprogramming into iCMs in vitro using mouse cells. However, this was later demonstrated to be insufficient for the reprogramming of human cells and additional factors were required. Thereafter, most studies have focused on implementing reprogramming efficiency and obtaining fully reprogrammed and functional iCMs, by the incorporation of other transcription factors, microRNAs or small molecules to the original GMT cocktail. In this respect, great advances have been made in recent years. However, there is still no consensus on which of these GMT-based varieties is best, and robust and highly reproducible protocols are still urgently required, especially in the case of human cells. On the other hand, apart from CMs, other cells such as endothelial and smooth muscle cells to form new blood vessels will be fundamental for the correct reconstruction of damaged cardiac tissue. With this aim, several studies have centered on the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiac progenitor cells (iCPCs) able to give rise to all myocardial cell lineages. Especially interesting are reports in which multipotent and highly expandable mouse iCPCs have been obtained, suggesting that clinically relevant amounts of these cells could be created. However, as of yet, this has not been achieved with human iCPCs, and exactly what stage of maturity is appropriate for a cell therapy product remains an open question. Nonetheless, the major concern in regenerative medicine is the poor retention, survival, and engraftment of transplanted cells in the cardiac tissue. To circumvent this issue, several cell pre-conditioning approaches are currently being explored. As an alternative to cell injection, in vivo reprogramming may face fewer barriers for its translation to the clinic. This approach has achieved better results in terms of efficiency and iCMs maturity in mouse models, indicating that the heart environment can favor this process. In this context, in recent years some studies have focused on the development of safer delivery systems such as Sendai virus, Adenovirus, chemical cocktails or nanoparticles. This article provides an in-depth review of the in vitro and in vivo cardiac reprograming technology used in mouse and human cells to obtain iCMs and iCPCs, and discusses what challenges still lie ahead and what hurdles are to be overcome before results from this field can be transferred to the clinical settings.
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135
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Mota C, Camarero-Espinosa S, Baker MB, Wieringa P, Moroni L. Bioprinting: From Tissue and Organ Development to in Vitro Models. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10547-10607. [PMID: 32407108 PMCID: PMC7564098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting techniques have been flourishing in the field of biofabrication with pronounced and exponential developments in the past years. Novel biomaterial inks used for the formation of bioinks have been developed, allowing the manufacturing of in vitro models and implants tested preclinically with a certain degree of success. Furthermore, incredible advances in cell biology, namely, in pluripotent stem cells, have also contributed to the latest milestones where more relevant tissues or organ-like constructs with a certain degree of functionality can already be obtained. These incredible strides have been possible with a multitude of multidisciplinary teams around the world, working to make bioprinted tissues and organs more relevant and functional. Yet, there is still a long way to go until these biofabricated constructs will be able to reach the clinics. In this review, we summarize the main bioprinting activities linking them to tissue and organ development and physiology. Most bioprinting approaches focus on mimicking fully matured tissues. Future bioprinting strategies might pursue earlier developmental stages of tissues and organs. The continuous convergence of the experts in the fields of material sciences, cell biology, engineering, and many other disciplines will gradually allow us to overcome the barriers identified on the demanding path toward manufacturing and adoption of tissue and organ replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mota
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
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136
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Koçak E, Yıldız A, Acartürk F. Three dimensional bioprinting technology: Applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical area. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111396. [PMID: 33075661 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is a technology based on the principle of three-dimensional printing of designed biological materials, which has been widely used recently. The production of biological materials, such as tissues, organs, cells and blood vessels with this technology is alternative and promising approach for organ and tissue transplantation. Apart from tissue and organ printing, it has a wide range of usage, such as in vitro/in vivo modeling, production of drug delivery systems and, drug screening. However, there are various restrictions on the use of this technology. In this review, the process steps, classification, advantages, limitations, usage and application areas of 3D bioprinting technology, materials and auxiliary materials used in this technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Koçak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Yıldız
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Füsun Acartürk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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137
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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32979199 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0989-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated from somatic cells that have been reprogrammed by the ectopic expression of defined embryonic transcription factors. This technology has provided investigators with a powerful tool for modeling disease and developing treatments for human disorders. This chapter will provide the researcher with some background on iPSCs and details on how to produce MEF-conditioned medium, prepare mitotically arrested mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), create iPSCs using viral vectors, passage iPSCs, and cryopreserve iPSCs. The methods offered here have been used in many laboratories around the world and the reader can initially follow these methods. However, not all cell types are easily transduced using viral vectors and other methods of delivering the reprogramming transcription factors may need to be tested.
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138
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Deinsberger J, Reisinger D, Weber B. Global trends in clinical trials involving pluripotent stem cells: a systematic multi-database analysis. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:15. [PMID: 32983575 PMCID: PMC7486930 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great potential for novel therapeutic approaches to regenerate or replace functionally impaired tissues. Since the introduction of the induced pluripotent stem cell technology in 2006, the number of scientific publications on this topic has constantly been increasing. However, so far no therapy based on PSCs has found its way into routine clinical use. In this study, we examined research trends related to clinical trials involving PSCs based on data obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov, the ICTRP database from the World Health Organization, as well as from a search of all individual databases that are included in the ICTRP using a multistep search algorithm. Following a stringent inclusion/exclusion procedure 131 studies remained that could be classified as clinical trials involving PSCs. The magnitude of these studies (77.1%) was observational, which implies that no cells were transplanted into patients, and only a minority of studies (22.9%) were of an interventional study type. The number of clinical trials involving induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs, 74.8%) was substantially higher than the one involving embryonic stem cells (ESCs, 25.2%). However, the picture changes completely when focusing on interventional studies, where in the majority (73.3%) of cases ESCs were used. Interestingly, also the study duration was significantly shorter for interventional versus observational trials (p = 0.002). When focusing on the geographical study regions, it became obvious that the greatest part of all observational trials was performed in the USA (41.6%) and in France (16.8%), while the magnitude of interventional studies was performed in Asian countries (China 36.7%, Japan 13.3%, South Korea 10.0%) and in the field of ophthalmology. In summary, these results indicate that only a limited number of trials were focusing on the actual transplantation of PSCs into patients in a rather narrow field of diagnoses. The future will tell us, if the iPSC technology will ultimately overcome the current challenges and will finally make its way into routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Deinsberger
- Disease Modeling and Organoid Technology (DMOT) Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Reisinger
- Disease Modeling and Organoid Technology (DMOT) Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Weber
- Disease Modeling and Organoid Technology (DMOT) Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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139
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Cota-Coronado J, Sandoval-Ávila S, Gaytan-Dávila Y, Diaz N, Vega-Ruiz B, Padilla-Camberos E, Díaz-Martínez N. New transgenic models of Parkinson's disease using genome editing technology. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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140
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Liang KX, Kristiansen CK, Mostafavi S, Vatne GH, Zantingh GA, Kianian A, Tzoulis C, Høyland LE, Ziegler M, Perez RM, Furriol J, Zhang Z, Balafkan N, Hong Y, Siller R, Sullivan GJ, Bindoff LA. Disease-specific phenotypes in iPSC-derived neural stem cells with POLG mutations. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12146. [PMID: 32840960 PMCID: PMC7539330 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in POLG disrupt mtDNA replication and cause devastating diseases often with neurological phenotypes. Defining disease mechanisms has been hampered by limited access to human tissues, particularly neurons. Using patient cells carrying POLG mutations, we generated iPSCs and then neural stem cells. These neural precursors manifested a phenotype that faithfully replicated the molecular and biochemical changes found in patient post‐mortem brain tissue. We confirmed the same loss of mtDNA and complex I in dopaminergic neurons generated from the same stem cells. POLG‐driven mitochondrial dysfunction led to neuronal ROS overproduction and increased cellular senescence. Loss of complex I was associated with disturbed NAD+ metabolism with increased UCP2 expression and reduced phosphorylated SirT1. In cells with compound heterozygous POLG mutations, we also found activated mitophagy via the BNIP3 pathway. Our studies are the first that show it is possible to recapitulate the neuronal molecular and biochemical defects associated with POLG mutation in a human stem cell model. Further, our data provide insight into how mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA alterations influence cellular fate determining processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Xiao Liang
- Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Sepideh Mostafavi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guro Helén Vatne
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gina Alien Zantingh
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Atefeh Kianian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jessica Furriol
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Zhuoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Head and Neck Cancer Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Novin Balafkan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yu Hong
- Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Richard Siller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gareth John Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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141
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Navarro M, Soto DA, Pinzon CA, Wu J, Ross PJ. Livestock pluripotency is finally captured in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:11-39. [PMID: 32188555 DOI: 10.1071/rd19272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have demonstrated great utility in improving our understanding of mammalian development and continue to revolutionise regenerative medicine. Thanks to the improved understanding of pluripotency in mice and humans, it has recently become feasible to generate stable livestock PSCs. Although it is unlikely that livestock PSCs will be used for similar applications as their murine and human counterparts, new exciting applications that could greatly advance animal agriculture are being developed, including the use of PSCs for complex genome editing, cellular agriculture, gamete generation and invitro breeding schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Navarro
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Delia A Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlos A Pinzon
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA; and Corresponding author.
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142
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Generation of iPSC-derived insulin-producing cells from patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with healthy control. Stem Cell Res 2020; 48:101958. [PMID: 32882526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For alternative sources of β cells, patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could be promising, as cells derived from the "self" allow autologous transplantation. However, only a few studies have investigated insulin-producing cells (IPCs) using iPSCs of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, we generated IPCs using iPSCs derived from patients with T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and compared them with IPCs from a non-diabetic (ND) individual. To facilitate differentiation of human iPSCs into IPCs, we induced PDX-1 gene expression using Ad-PDX-1/VP16. IPCs derived from T1D- and T2D-specific iPSCs expressed islet-specific markers such as Pdx-1, MafA, Beta2/NeuroD, and insulin, similar to IPCs derived from ND-specific iPSCs. In addition, IPCs derived from T1D- and T2D-specific iPSCs showed comparable glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as IPCs derived from ND-specific iPSCs. These results suggest the potential for autologous transplantation using patient-specific iPSCs in patients with T1D and T2D. This study was clinically significant because the majority of people with diabetes have T2D and insulin secretion declines over time in T2D. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to generate and simultaneously compare IPCs from ND-, T1D-, and T2D-specific iPSCs.
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143
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Enhanced integrin affinity and neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells using Ln5-P4-grafted amphiphilic solid lipid nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111339. [PMID: 33254967 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic solid lipid nanoparticles (ASLNs) with surface PPFLMLLKGSTR peptide (Ln5-P4) (Ln5-P4/ASLNs) were prepared to load nerve growth factor (NGF) and retinoic acid (RA) and to guide the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) toward neurons. Beeswax (BW) and lecithin played predominant roles in microemulsion and in the average diameter, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency of NGF and RA and release kinetics of NGF- and RA-loaded Ln5-P4/ASLNs (Ln5-P4/NGF-RA-ASLNs). An increasing BW weight percentage from 0% to 75% decreased the particle size and zeta potential along with improved encapsulation efficiency of RA and NGF with enhanced positive expression of β-tubulin III to 93.72% in cultured cells. Strong affinity of Ln5-P4/NGF-RA-ASLNs to α3β1 integrin expressed on iPSCs facilitated internalization of Ln5-P4/NGF-RA-ASLNs. The capability of Ln5-P4/NGF-RA-ASLNs to induce neuronal differentiation was much higher than that of free NGF-ASLNs and RA-ASLNs, as visualized using immunochemical staining. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that Ln5-P4 on NGF-RA-ASLNs promoted the uptake of NGF and RA by iPSCs and accelerated neuronal production. Ln5-P4/NGF-RA-ASLNs are a promising colloidal delivery system to generate mature neurons from iPSCs and can be potential for treating neurodegenerative disease and nerve injury in regeneration medicine.
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144
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Hanses U, Kleinsorge M, Roos L, Yigit G, Li Y, Barbarics B, El-Battrawy I, Lan H, Tiburcy M, Hindmarsh R, Lenz C, Salinas G, Diecke S, Müller C, Adham I, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Paul T, Zimmermann WH, Hasenfuss G, Wollnik B, Cyganek L. Intronic CRISPR Repair in a Preclinical Model of Noonan Syndrome-Associated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2020; 142:1059-1076. [PMID: 32623905 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.044794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noonan syndrome (NS) is a multisystemic developmental disorder characterized by common, clinically variable symptoms, such as typical facial dysmorphisms, short stature, developmental delay, intellectual disability as well as cardiac hypertrophy. The underlying mechanism is a gain-of-function of the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. However, our understanding of the pathophysiological alterations and mechanisms, especially of the associated cardiomyopathy, remains limited and effective therapeutic options are lacking. METHODS Here, we present a family with two siblings displaying an autosomal recessive form of NS with massive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as clinically the most prevalent symptom caused by biallelic mutations within the leucine zipper-like transcription regulator 1 (LZTR1). We generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes of the affected siblings and investigated the patient-specific cardiomyocytes on the molecular and functional level. RESULTS Patients' induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes recapitulated the hypertrophic phenotype and uncovered a so-far-not-described causal link between LZTR1 dysfunction, RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling hyperactivity, hypertrophic gene response and cellular hypertrophy. Calcium channel blockade and MEK inhibition could prevent some of the disease characteristics, providing a molecular underpinning for the clinical use of these drugs in patients with NS, but might not be a sustainable therapeutic option. In a proof-of-concept approach, we explored a clinically translatable intronic CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) repair and demonstrated a rescue of the hypertrophic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the human cardiac pathogenesis in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from NS patients carrying biallelic variants in LZTR1 and identified a unique disease-specific proteome signature. In addition, we identified the intronic CRISPR repair as a personalized and in our view clinically translatable therapeutic strategy to treat NS-associated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hanses
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology (U.H., M.K., L.R., R.H., G.H., L.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.)
| | - Mandy Kleinsorge
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology (U.H., M.K., L.R., R.H., G.H., L.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.)
| | - Lennart Roos
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology (U.H., M.K., L.R., R.H., G.H., L.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.)
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics (G.Y., Y.L., G.S., C.M., I.A., B.W.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.)
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Human Genetics (G.Y., Y.L., G.S., C.M., I.A., B.W.)
| | - Boris Barbarics
- Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (B.B., T.P.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.)
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.).,First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (I.E-B., H.L.)
| | - Huan Lan
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (I.E-B., H.L.)
| | - Malte Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.T., W-H.Z.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.)
| | - Robin Hindmarsh
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology (U.H., M.K., L.R., R.H., G.H., L.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.)
| | - Christof Lenz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry (C.L.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany (C.L.)
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- Institute of Human Genetics (G.Y., Y.L., G.S., C.M., I.A., B.W.)
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.).,Stem Cell Core Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.D.).,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (S.D.)
| | - Christian Müller
- Institute of Human Genetics (G.Y., Y.L., G.S., C.M., I.A., B.W.)
| | - Ibrahim Adham
- Institute of Human Genetics (G.Y., Y.L., G.S., C.M., I.A., B.W.)
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (J.A., P.N.)
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (J.A., P.N.)
| | - Thomas Paul
- Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (B.B., T.P.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.)
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.T., W-H.Z.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.).,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany (W-H.Z., G.H., B.W.)
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology (U.H., M.K., L.R., R.H., G.H., L.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.).,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany (W-H.Z., G.H., B.W.)
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics (G.Y., Y.L., G.S., C.M., I.A., B.W.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.).,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany (W-H.Z., G.H., B.W.)
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology (U.H., M.K., L.R., R.H., G.H., L.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Mannheim and Berlin, Germany (U.H., M.K., L.R., G.Y., B.B., I.E-B., M.T., R.H., S.D., T.P., W.-H.Z., G.H., B.W., L.C.)
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145
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Fang F, Li Z, Zhao Q, Ye Z, Gu X, Pan F, Li H, Xiang W, Xiong C. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived From Two Idiopathic Azoospermia Patients Display Compromised Differentiation Potential for Primordial Germ Cell Fate. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:432. [PMID: 32671061 PMCID: PMC7331483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the etiology of most non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) remains unclear. In vitro generation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is an effective approach for exploring the mechanisms of human disease. Here, we established iPSCs from two patients with idiopathic NOA and differentiated them into primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) in vitro. Compared with iPSCs derived from normal fertile men, the NOA patient-specific iPSCs show decreased efficiency of PGCLC formation in vitro. Particularly, the embryoids derived from NOA patient-specific iPSCs show defects in the expression of early primordial germ cell (PGC) genes. The transcriptome analysis reveals the expression patterns of key human PGC genes are generally similar in PGCLCs differentiated from all iPSC lines, and the differentially expressed genes were enriched with gene ontology (GO) of cell cycle and apoptosis regulation. Moreover, the PGCLCs derived from NOA patient-specific iPSCs might have initiated epigenetic reprogramming at a very early stage. Thus, the NOA patient-specific iPSCs exhibit poor response to germ cell induction in vitro, which may be related to the regulation of apoptotic process. These findings provide a foundation for future research on mechanism of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zili Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Gu
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honggang Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenpei Xiang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Xiong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
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146
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mRNA-Based Reprogramming Under Xeno-Free and Feeder-Free Conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32567019 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2020_302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has provided a gateway for many novel discoveries in the field of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and cell therapy. The need for an efficient, less laborious and fast reprogramming protocol under xeno-free, feeder-free and chemically defined conditions has never been greater. Here we describe a novel approach to reprogramming using the StemRNA 3rd Gen Reprogramming Kit (ReproCELL) which encompasses non-modified microRNAs (NM-miRNA), non-modified E3, K3, B18R RNAs (EKB NM-RNA) and non-modified mRNAs for six crucial transcription factors (OSKMNL NM-RNA).
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147
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Chiche A, Chen C, Li H. The crosstalk between cellular reprogramming and senescence in aging and regeneration. Exp Gerontol 2020; 138:111005. [PMID: 32561400 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with diminished regenerative capacity and increased risk of chronic diseases. There is now compelling evidence suggests that aging process is reversible. Besides metabolic modification and systematic factors, both senescence elimination and cellular reprogramming showed beneficial effects on tissue regeneration and rejuvenation. Here we review recent studies on the interplay between cellular senescence and reprogramming. We discuss how both strategies could impact aging process and the possibility of combine them for more efficient regeneration and rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Chiche
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease Modelling, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Cheng Chen
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease Modelling, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Han Li
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease Modelling, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France.
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148
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Bae YU, Son Y, Kim CH, Kim KS, Hyun SH, Woo HG, Jee BA, Choi JH, Sung HK, Choi HC, Park SY, Bae JH, Doh KO, Kim JR. Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived mmu-miR-291a-3p Inhibits Cellular Senescence in Human Dermal Fibroblasts Through the TGF-β Receptor 2 Pathway. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1359-1367. [PMID: 30239625 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in various tissues over time and contribute to tissue dysfunction and aging-associated phenotypes. Accumulating evidence suggests that cellular senescence can be inhibited through pharmacological intervention, as well as through treatment with soluble factors derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In an attempt to investigate the anti-senescence factors secreted by ESCs, we analyzed mouse ESC-derived extracellular microRNAs in conditioned medium via microRNA array analysis. We selected mmu-miR-291a-3p as a putative anti-senescence factor via bioinformatics analysis. We validated its inhibitory effects on replicative, Adriamycin-induced, and ionizing radiation-induced senescence in human dermal fibroblasts. Treatment of senescent cells with mmu-miR-291a-3p decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, enhanced proliferative potential, and reduced mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β receptor 2, p53, and p21. mmu-miR-291a-3p in conditioned medium was enclosed in ESC-derived exosomes and exosomes purified from ESC conditioned medium inhibited cellular senescence. The inhibitory effects of mmu-miR-291a-3p were mediated through the TGF-β receptor 2 signaling pathway. Hsa-miR-371a-3p and hsa-miR-520e, the human homologs of mmu-miR-291a-3p, showed similar anti-senescence activity. Furthermore, mmu-miR-291a-3p accelerated the excisional skin wound healing process in aged mice. Our results indicate that the ESC-derived mmu-miR-291a-3p is a novel candidate agent that can be utilized for cell-free therapeutic intervention against aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ui Bae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youlim Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Kim
- Division of Applied Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hee Hyun
- Division of Applied Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byul A Jee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyung-Chul Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Oh Doh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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149
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Yang B, Zhang F, Cheng F, Ying L, Wang C, Shi K, Wang J, Xia K, Gong Z, Huang X, Yu C, Li F, Liang C, Chen Q. Strategies and prospects of effective neural circuits reconstruction after spinal cord injury. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:439. [PMID: 32513969 PMCID: PMC7280216 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the disconnection of surviving neural elements after spinal cord injury (SCI), such patients had to suffer irreversible loss of motor or sensory function, and thereafter enormous economic and emotional burdens were brought to society and family. Despite many strategies being dealing with SCI, there is still no effective regenerative therapy. To date, significant progress has been made in studies of SCI repair strategies, including gene regulation of neural regeneration, cell or cell-derived exosomes and growth factors transplantation, repair of biomaterials, and neural signal stimulation. The pathophysiology of SCI is complex and multifaceted, and its mechanisms and processes are incompletely understood. Thus, combinatorial therapies have been demonstrated to be more effective, and lead to better neural circuits reconstruction and functional recovery. Combinations of biomaterials, stem cells, growth factors, drugs, and exosomes have been widely developed. However, simply achieving axon regeneration will not spontaneously lead to meaningful functional recovery. Therefore, the formation and remodeling of functional neural circuits also depend on rehabilitation exercises, such as exercise training, electrical stimulation (ES) and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). In this review, we summarize the recent progress in biological and engineering strategies for reconstructing neural circuits and promoting functional recovery after SCI, and emphasize current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Liwei Ying
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Zhe Gong
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xianpeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Cao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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150
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Kozlov AM, Lone A, Betts DH, Cumming RC. Lactate preconditioning promotes a HIF-1α-mediated metabolic shift from OXPHOS to glycolysis in normal human diploid fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8388. [PMID: 32433492 PMCID: PMC7239882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has emerged that cancer cells can use various metabolites as fuel sources. Restricting cultured cancer cells to sole metabolite fuel sources can promote metabolic changes leading to enhanced glycolysis or mitochondrial OXPHOS. However, the effect of metabolite-restriction on non-transformed cells remains largely unexplored. Here we examined the effect of restricting media fuel sources, including glucose, pyruvate or lactate, on the metabolic state of cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Fibroblasts cultured in lactate-only medium exhibited reduced PDH phosphorylation, indicative of OXPHOS, and a concurrent elevation of ROS. Lactate exposure primed fibroblasts to switch to glycolysis by increasing transcript abundance of genes encoding glycolytic enzymes and, upon exposure to glucose, increasing glycolytic enzyme levels. Furthermore, lactate treatment stabilized HIF-1α, a master regulator of glycolysis, in a manner attenuated by antioxidant exposure. Our findings indicate that lactate preconditioning primes fibroblasts to switch from OXPHOS to glycolysis metabolism, in part, through ROS-mediated HIF-1α stabilization. Interestingly, we found that lactate preconditioning results in increased transcript abundance of MYC and SNAI1, key facilitators of early somatic cell reprogramming. Defined metabolite treatment may represent a novel approach to increasing somatic cell reprogramming efficiency by amplifying a critical metabolic switch that occurs during iPSC generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Kozlov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Asad Lone
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Dean H Betts
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Density, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5W9, Canada.
| | - Robert C Cumming
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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