101
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A GPR174–CCL21 module imparts sexual dimorphism to humoral immunity. Nature 2019; 577:416-420. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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102
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Gong F, Zheng T, Zhou P. T Follicular Helper Cell Subsets and the Associated Cytokine IL-21 in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Asthma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2918. [PMID: 31921177 PMCID: PMC6923700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades, T helper 2 (TH2) cells have been considered to predominantly regulate the pathogenic manifestations of allergic asthma, such as IgE-mediated sensitization, airway hyperresponsiveness, and eosinophil infiltration. However, recent discoveries have significantly shifted our understanding of asthma from a simple TH2 cell-dependent disease to a heterogeneous disease regulated by multiple T cell subsets, including T follicular helper (TFH) cells. TFH cells, which are a specialized cell population that provides help to B cells, have attracted intensive attention in the past decade because of their crucial role in regulating antibody response in a broad range of diseases. In particular, TFH cells are essential for IgE antibody class-switching. In this review, we summarize the recent progress regarding the role of TFH cells and their signature cytokine interleukin (IL)-21 in asthma from mouse studies and clinical reports. We further discuss future therapeutic strategies to treat asthma by targeting TFH cells and IL-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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103
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Shao F, Zheng P, Yu D, Zhou Z, Jia L. Follicular helper T cells in type 1 diabetes. FASEB J 2019; 34:30-40. [PMID: 31914661 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901637r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Changsha China
| | - Peilin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Di Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan China
- China‐Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology Shanghai Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Changsha China
| | - Lijing Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
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104
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Role of Co-stimulatory Molecules in T Helper Cell Differentiation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1189:153-177. [PMID: 31758534 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play a central role in orchestrating the immune response to a variety of pathogens but also regulate autoimmune responses, asthma, allergic responses, as well as tumor immunity. To cover this broad spectrum of responses, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into one of several lineages of T helper cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and TFH, as defined by their cytokine pattern and function. The fate decision of T helper cell differentiation integrates signals delivered through the T cell receptor, cytokine receptors, and the pattern of co-stimulatory signals received. In this review, we summarize the contribution of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors to the differentiation and maintenance of T helper cell responses.
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105
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Amatore F, Gorvel L, Olive D. Role of Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS) in cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 20:141-150. [PMID: 31738626 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1693540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The promotion of antitumor response by targeting co-stimulatory B7 superfamily members has become evident to create a new wave of cancer immunotherapy. Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS), which is expressed on activated T cells, gained interest in the translational medicine community.Areas covered: We performed an extensive literature review using the keywords 'ICOS' and 'cancer', and the Clinicaltrials.gov database for early phase clinical trials targeting ICOS. In this review, we highlight the dual role of ICOS in oncogenesis in different malignancies. We summarize the current state of knowledge about ICOS/ICOSL pathway targeting by immunotherapies.Expert opinion: Due to its multifaceted link with anti-tumor immunity, both antagonist and agonist antibodies might be of interest to target the ICOS/ICOSL pathway for tumor treatment. Indeed, ICOS activation might potentiate the effect of an inhibitory checkpoint blockade, while its neutralization could decrease the function of immunosuppressive Tregs and inhibit lymphoid tumor cells expressing Tfh markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Amatore
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
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106
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Ding T, Niu H, Zhao X, Gao C, Li X, Wang C. T-Follicular Regulatory Cells: Potential Therapeutic Targets in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2709. [PMID: 31849938 PMCID: PMC6901970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable aggressive chronic inflammatory joint disease with a worldwide prevalence. High levels of autoantibodies and chronic inflammation may be involved in the pathology. Notably, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are critical mediators of T follicular helper (Tfh) cell generation and antibody production in the germinal center (GC) reaction. Changes in the number and function of Tfr cells may lead to dysregulation of the GC reaction and the production of aberrant autoantibodies. Regulation of the function and number of Tfr cells could be an effective strategy for precisely controlling antibody production, reestablishing immune homeostasis, and thereby improving the outcome of RA. This review summarizes advances in our understanding of the biology and functions of Tfr cells. The involvement of Tfr cells and other immune cell subsets in RA is also discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the potential therapeutic targets related to Tfr cells and restoring the Tfr/Tfh balance via cytokines, microRNAs, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and the gut microbiota, which will facilitate further research on RA and other immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ding
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongqing Niu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangcong Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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107
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Niu Q, Kraaijeveld R, Li Y, Mendoza Rojas A, Shi Y, Wang L, Van Besouw NM, Baan CC. An overview of T follicular cells in transplantation: spotlight on their clinical significance. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:1249-1262. [PMID: 31721600 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1693262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: For late stage organ failure patients, transplantation is the best option to increase life expectancy with a superior quality of life. Unfortunately, after transplantation many patients are at risk of cellular and antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). The latter is initiated by donor specific antibodies (DSA) which depend on the actions of B cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells that are present in the germinal center of lymphoid organs.Areas covered: In this overview paper, we discuss the biology and function of Tfh and Tfr cells in lymphoid tissues, transplanted organs and their circulating counterparts. We report on their relevance to alloimmunity and on the effects of immunosuppressive drugs on these immunocompetent cell populations.Expert opinion: Growing knowledge about the actions of Tfh and Tfr allows for a better understanding of the immunological mechanisms of ABMR after organ transplantation. This understanding feeds the hypothesis that immunosuppressive drugs targeting the actions of Tfh cells have huge therapeutic potential. This new concept in the treatment of the humoral rejection response will improve graft and patient survival after organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department Internal Medicine - Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Kraaijeveld
- Department Internal Medicine - Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aleixandra Mendoza Rojas
- Department Internal Medicine - Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yunying Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nicole M Van Besouw
- Department Internal Medicine - Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department Internal Medicine - Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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108
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HIF1α-Dependent Metabolic Signals Control the Differentiation of Follicular Helper T Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111450. [PMID: 31744227 PMCID: PMC6912655 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T (TFH) cells are critical for germinal center (GC) formation and are responsible for effective B cell-mediated immunity; metabolic signaling is an important regulatory mechanism for the differentiation of TFH cells. However, the precise roles of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1α-dependent glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolic signaling remain unclear in TFH cell differentiation. Herein, we investigated the effects of glycolysis and OXPHOS on TFH cell differentiation and GC responses using a pharmacological approach in mice under a steady immune status or an activated immune status, which can be caused by foreign antigen stimulation and viral infection. GC and TFH cell responses are related to signals from glycolytic metabolism in mice of different ages. Foreign, specific antigen-induced GC, and TFH cell responses and metabolic signals are essential upon PR8 infection. Glycolysis and succinate-mediated OXPHOS are required for the GC response and TFH cell differentiation. Furthermore, HIF1α is responsible for glycolysis- and OXPHOS-induced alterations in the GC response and TFH cell differentiation under steady or activated conditions in vivo. Blocking glycolysis and upregulating OXPHOS signaling significantly recovered TFH cell differentiation upon PR8 infection and ameliorated inflammatory damage in mice. Thus, our data provide a comprehensive experimental basis for fully understanding the precise roles of HIF1α-mediated glycolysis and OXPHOS metabolic signaling in regulating the GC response and TFH cell differentiation during stable physiological conditions or an antiviral immune response.
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109
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Xue Q, Li X, Gu Y, Wang X, Wang M, Tian J, Duan X, Gao H, Ji X, Yan X, Dong W, Fang Q, Zhang X. Unbalanced Expression of ICOS and PD-1 in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14130. [PMID: 31575949 PMCID: PMC6773714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) likely results from humoral immune abnormalities. The role that helper T cells play in the pathogenesis of this disease is not fully understood. To ascertain the clinical significance of two important costimulatory molecules required for T-cell activation in the peripheral blood of patients with NMOSD, we examined the expression levels of a membrane- and soluble-type inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS), its ligand (ICOSL), programmed death-1 (PD-1), and its ligand (PD-L1) in the peripheral blood of 30 patients with NMOSD and compared these levels with those in patients with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), those with optic neuritis (ON), and healthy controls (HCs). Our results showed that the ICOS/ICOSL and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways may play important roles in the early stages of NMOSD pathogenesis. ICOS and PD-1 are potential therapeutic targets and valuable biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of early-stage NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Xue
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China. .,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China. .,Suzhou Clinical Medical Center of Neurology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China.
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Suzhou Clinical Medical Center of Neurology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- Suzhou Red Cross Central Blood Station, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jingluan Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Hanqing Gao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Xiaopei Ji
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Wanli Dong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China. .,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China. .,Suzhou Clinical Medical Center of Neurology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China.
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110
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Abstract
B-cell follicle represents a functionally dynamic microstructure within second lymphoid tissues, predominantly consisting of B cells, follicular T cells and DCs. Through intimate interactions with cognate B cells, follicular helper T cells (Tfh) initiate and facilitate germinal center (GC) reactions by providing signals required for producing high-affinity antibodies, as well as for the generation of long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells. Concomitantly, germinal center reaction needs to be fine controlled to avoid autoimmunity or B-cell malignancies. Among immune cells residing in follicles, follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr), converted from naïve Treg cells, are specifically assigned to repress excessive GC responses by suppressing Tfh and GC B cells within GC structure. Hence, through Yin and Yang (positive and negative) regulation of GC reaction, Tfh cells play concert with Tfr cells in maintaining immune homeostasis. Besides CD4+ T cells, a small portion of CXCR5 expressing CD8+ T cells, regarded as follicular cytotoxic T cells (Tfc), could migrate into B cell follicles during chronic viral infection and several types of cancers, and this population exhibit lower level of exhaustion than its CXCR5- counterparts. Besides, Tfc cells demonstrate a stem-cell like phenotype during chronic infection which could further differentiate into terminally differentiated CXCR5-CD8+ T cells. Collectively, in this review, we will discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the ontology and differentiation of B-cell follicle resident Tfh, Tfr and Tfc cells.
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111
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Danger R, Chesneau M, Delbos F, Le Bot S, Kerleau C, Chenouard A, Ville S, Degauque N, Conchon S, Cesbron A, Giral M, Brouard S. CXCR5 +PD1 +ICOS + Circulating T Follicular Helpers Are Associated With de novo Donor-Specific Antibodies After Renal Transplantation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2071. [PMID: 31552030 PMCID: PMC6746839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSAs) are a major risk factor associated with renal allograft outcomes. As a trigger of B cell antibody production, T follicular helper cells (Tfhs) promote DSA appearance. Herein, we evaluated whether circulating Tfhs (cTfhs) are associated with the genesis of antibody-mediated rejection. We measured cTfh levels on the day of transplantation and 1 year after transplantation in blood from a prospective cohort of 237 renal transplantation patients without DSA during the first year post-transplantation. Total cTfhs were characterized as CD4+CD45RA−CXCR5+, and the three following subsets of activated cTfh were analyzed: CXCR5+PD1+, CXCR5+PD1+ICOS+, an CXCR5+PD1+CXCR3−. Immunizing events (previous blood transfusion and/or pregnancy) and the presence of class II anti-HLA antibodies were associated with increased frequencies of activated CXCR5+PD1+, CXCR5+PD1+ICOS+, and CXCR5+PD1+CXCR3− cTfh subsets. In addition, ATG-depleting induction and calcineurin inhibitor treatments were associated with a relative increase of activated cTfh subsets frequencies at 1 year post-transplantation. In multivariate survival analysis, we reported that a decrease in activated CXCR5+PD1+ICOS+ at 1 year after transplantation in the blood of DSA-free patients was significantly associated with the risk of developing de novo DSA after the first year (p = 0.018, HR = 0.39), independently of HLA mismatches (p = 0.003, HR = 3.79). These results highlight the importance of monitoring activated Tfhs in patients early after transplantation and show that current treatments cannot provide early, efficient prevention of Tfh activation and migration. These findings indicate the need to develop innovative treatments to specifically target Tfhs to prevent DSA appearance in renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Danger
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mélanie Chesneau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Florent Delbos
- Laboratoire Histocompatibilité et Immunogénétique - Etablissement Français du sang, Nantes, France
| | - Sabine Le Bot
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Clarisse Kerleau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis Chenouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Simon Ville
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Conchon
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Cesbron
- Laboratoire Histocompatibilité et Immunogénétique - Etablissement Français du sang, Nantes, France
| | - Magali Giral
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie, Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB), Labex IGO, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie, Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB), Labex IGO, Nantes, France
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112
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Pires S, Jacquet R, Parker D. Inducible Costimulator Contributes to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:659-668. [PMID: 29378030 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of both community- and healthcare-acquired pneumonias. Inducible costimulator (ICOS) is part of the CD28 family of proteins and is a target for immune checkpoint therapy. We found ICOS highly expressed on activated CD4 cells in response to S. aureus. In the absence of ICOS, mice had improved survival in a pneumonia model with the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain USA300 and significant reductions in bacterial burden in a nonlethal acute pneumonia model. Infected Icos-/- mice had major reductions in several proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophils, inflammatory monocytes, and eosinophils compared to infected wild-type mice, while there was improved expression of CD11c and macrophage receptor with collagenous structure on the surface of alveolar macrophages. Early during infection infected Icos-/- mice had increased numbers of alveolar macrophages and expression of several surface markers on alveolar macrophages and neutrophils. ICOS signaling also contributed to the pathogenesis of the airway pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and neutralizing antibody to ICOS led to improved clearance of S. aureus from the airway. Our results indicate that ICOS plays a significant role in orchestrating the innate immune response to S. aureus and other airway pathogens, and could be a potential immunomodulatory target to attenuate S. aureus-related immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pires
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Rudy Jacquet
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
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113
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Roussel L, Landekic M, Golizeh M, Gavino C, Zhong MC, Chen J, Faubert D, Blanchet-Cohen A, Dansereau L, Parent MA, Marin S, Luo J, Le C, Ford BR, Langelier M, King IL, Divangahi M, Foulkes WD, Veillette A, Vinh DC. Loss of human ICOSL results in combined immunodeficiency. J Exp Med 2019; 215:3151-3164. [PMID: 30498080 PMCID: PMC6279397 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies represent naturally occurring experimental models to decipher human immunobiology. We report a patient with combined immunodeficiency, marked by recurrent respiratory tract and DNA-based viral infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, and panlymphopenia. He also developed moderate neutropenia but without prototypical pyogenic infections. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous mutation in the inducible T cell costimulator ligand gene (ICOSLG; c.657C>G; p.N219K). Whereas WT ICOSL is expressed at the cell surface, the ICOSLN219K mutation abrogates surface localization: mutant protein is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus, which is predicted to result from deleterious conformational and biochemical changes. ICOSLN219K diminished B cell costimulation of T cells, providing a compelling basis for the observed defect in antibody and memory B cell generation. Interestingly, ICOSLN219K also impaired migration of lymphocytes and neutrophils across endothelial cells, which normally express ICOSL. These defects likely contributed to the altered adaptive immunity and neutropenia observed in the patient, respectively. Our study identifies human ICOSLG deficiency as a novel cause of a combined immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Roussel
- Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marija Landekic
- Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Makan Golizeh
- Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christina Gavino
- Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ming-Chao Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jun Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Faubert
- Proteomics Discovery Platform, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexis Blanchet-Cohen
- Bioinformatics, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luc Dansereau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de l'Archipel, Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux des Îles, Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Parent
- Department of Family Medicine, Centre intégé de santé et de services sociaux des Îles, Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonia Marin
- Hôpital de l'Archipel, Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux des Îles, Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Québec, Canada
| | - Julia Luo
- Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Le
- Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brinley R Ford
- Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Langelier
- Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Donald C Vinh
- Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada .,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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114
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Excessive CD11c +Tbet + B cells promote aberrant T FH differentiation and affinity-based germinal center selection in lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18550-18560. [PMID: 31451659 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901340116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive self-reactive and inadequate affinity-matured antigen-specific antibody responses have been reported to coexist in lupus, with elusive cellular and molecular mechanisms. Here, we report that the antigen-specific germinal center (GC) response-a process critical for antibody affinity maturation-is compromised in murine lupus models. Importantly, this defect can be triggered by excessive autoimmunity-relevant CD11c+Tbet+ age-associated B cells (ABCs). In B cell-intrinsic Ship-deficient (ShipΔB) lupus mice, excessive CD11c+Tbet+ ABCs induce deregulated follicular T-helper (TFH) cell differentiation through their potent antigen-presenting function and consequently compromise affinity-based GC selection. Excessive CD11c+Tbet+ ABCs and deregulated TFH cell are also present in other lupus models and patients. Further, over-activated Toll-like receptor signaling in Ship-deficient B cells is critical for CD11c+Tbet+ ABC differentiation, and blocking CD11c+Tbet+ ABC differentiation in ShipΔB mice by ablating MyD88 normalizes TFH cell differentiation and rescues antigen-specific GC responses, as well as prevents autoantibody production. Our study suggests that excessive CD11c+Tbet+ ABCs not only contribute significantly to autoantibody production but also compromise antigen-specific GC B-cell responses and antibody-affinity maturation, providing a cellular link between the coexisting autoantibodies and inadequate affinity-matured antigen-specific antibodies in lupus models and a potential target for treating lupus.
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115
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Mintz MA, Felce JH, Chou MY, Mayya V, Xu Y, Shui JW, An J, Li Z, Marson A, Okada T, Ware CF, Kronenberg M, Dustin ML, Cyster JG. The HVEM-BTLA Axis Restrains T Cell Help to Germinal Center B Cells and Functions as a Cell-Extrinsic Suppressor in Lymphomagenesis. Immunity 2019; 51:310-323.e7. [PMID: 31204070 PMCID: PMC6703922 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member HVEM is one of the most frequently mutated surface proteins in germinal center (GC)-derived B cell lymphomas. We found that HVEM deficiency increased B cell competitiveness during pre-GC and GC responses. The immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily protein BTLA regulated HVEM-expressing B cell responses independently of B-cell-intrinsic signaling via HVEM or BTLA. BTLA signaling into T cells through the phosphatase SHP1 reduced T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and preformed CD40 ligand mobilization to the immunological synapse, thus diminishing the help delivered to B cells. Moreover, T cell deficiency in BTLA cooperated with B cell Bcl-2 overexpression, leading to GC B cell outgrowth. These results establish that HVEM restrains the T helper signals delivered to B cells to influence GC selection outcomes, and they suggest that BTLA functions as a cell-extrinsic suppressor of GC B cell lymphomagenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Immunological Synapses
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Paracrine Communication
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Mintz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James H Felce
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marissa Y Chou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Viveka Mayya
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jr-Wen Shui
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jinping An
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takaharu Okada
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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116
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Wong KA, Harker JA, Dolgoter A, Marooki N, Zuniga EI. T Cell-Intrinsic IL-6R Signaling Is Required for Optimal ICOS Expression and Viral Control during Chronic Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1509-1520. [PMID: 31413107 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic cytokine IL-6 plays an integral role not only in innate inflammatory responses but also in the activation and differentiation of lymphocyte subsets. In this study, by using a conditional knockout (cKO) model with selective IL-6 receptor deletion in T cells (IL-6R-cKO), we demonstrated that T cell-specific IL-6R signaling is essential for viral control during persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 infection. Strikingly, we observed that in contrast to previous studies with ubiquitous IL-6 deletion or blockade, specific IL-6R deletion in T cells did not affect T follicular helper (Tfh) cell accumulation unless IL-6R-deficient T cells were competing with wild-type cells in mixed bone marrow chimeras. In contrast, Tfh cells from IL-6R-cKO-infected mice exhibited reduced ICOS expression in both chimeric and nonchimeric settings, and this sole identifiable Tfh defect was associated with reduced germinal centers, compromised Ig switch and low avidity of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific Abs despite intact IL-6R expression in B cells. We posit that IL-6R cis-signaling is absolutely required for appropriate ICOS expression in Tfh cells and provides a competitive advantage for Tfh accumulation, enabling generation of optimal B cell and Ab responses, and ultimately viral control during in vivo chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Wong
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - James A Harker
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Aleksandr Dolgoter
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nuha Marooki
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Elina I Zuniga
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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117
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Mastelic-Gavillet B, Vono M, Gonzalez-Dias P, Ferreira FM, Cardozo L, Lambert PH, Nakaya HI, Siegrist CA. Neonatal T Follicular Helper Cells Are Lodged in a Pre-T Follicular Helper Stage Favoring Innate Over Adaptive Germinal Center Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1845. [PMID: 31456798 PMCID: PMC6700230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells have emerged as a critical limiting factor for controlling the magnitude of neonatal germinal center (GC) reactions and primary vaccine antibody responses. We compared the functional attributes of neonatal and adult Tfh cells at the transcriptomic level and demonstrated that the Tfh cell program is well-initiated in neonates although the Tfh gene-expression pattern (i.e., CXCR5, IL-21, BCL6, TBK1, STAT4, ASCL2, and c-MAF) is largely underrepresented as compared to adult Tfh cells. Importantly, we identified a TH2-bias of neonatal Tfh cells, with preferential differentiation toward short-lived pre-Tfh effector cells. Remarkably, adjuvantation with CpG-ODNs redirect neonatal pre-Tfh cells toward committed GC-Tfh cells, as illustrated by increased expression of Tfh signature genes and reduced expression of TH2-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vono
- Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrícia Gonzalez-Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico Moraes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunology, School of Medicine, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Cardozo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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118
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Panneton V, Chang J, Witalis M, Li J, Suh W. Inducible T‐cell co‐stimulator: Signaling mechanisms in T follicular helper cells and beyond. Immunol Rev 2019; 291:91-103. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Panneton
- IRCM (Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jinsam Chang
- IRCM (Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Molecular Biology Program University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Mariko Witalis
- IRCM (Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Molecular Biology Program University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Joanna Li
- IRCM (Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Woong‐Kyung Suh
- IRCM (Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
- Molecular Biology Program University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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119
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Montes-Casado M, Ojeda G, Aragoneses-Fenoll L, López D, de Andrés B, Gaspar ML, Dianzani U, Rojo JM, Portolés P. ICOS deficiency hampers the homeostasis, development and function of NK cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219449. [PMID: 31283790 PMCID: PMC6613708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling through the inducible costimulator ICOS is required for the homeostasis and function of various immune cell populations, with an outstanding role in the generation and maintenance of germinal centers. Very recently, it has been suggested that the clinical phenotype of ICOS-deficient patients is much broader than initially anticipated and the innate immune response might be also affected. However, the role of the ICOS/ICOS-Ligand axis in the homeostasis and development of innate NK cells is not known, and reports on its participation in NK cell activation are scarce. NK cells may express low levels of ICOS that are markedly enhanced upon activation. We show here that ICOS-deficient (ICOS-KO) mice present low NK cell numbers and defects in the homeostasis of these cells, with delayed maturation and altered expression of the developmental NK cell markers CD122, NK1.1, CD11b or CD27. Our experiments in mixed bone marrow chimera mice indicate that, both, cell-intrinsic defects of ICOS-KO NK and deficiencies in the milieu of these mice contribute to the altered phenotype. ICOS-deficient NK cells show impaired production of IFN-γ and cytotoxicity, and a final outcome of defects in NK cell-mediated effector function during the response to poly(I:C) or vaccinia virus infection in vivo. Interestingly, we show that murine innate cells like IL-2-cultured NK and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells can simultaneously express ICOS and ICOS-Ligand; both molecules are functional in NK intracellular signaling, enhancing early phosphorylation of Akt and Erk, or IFN-γ secretion in IL-2-activated NK cells. Our study shows the functional importance of the ICOS/ICOS-L pair in NK cell homeostasis, differentiation and activity and suggests novel therapeutic targets for NK manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Montes-Casado
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Ojeda
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Aragoneses-Fenoll
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Gaspar
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD) and Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - José M Rojo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Portolés
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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120
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Liu T, Yang Q, Cao YJ, Yuan WM, Lei AH, Zhou P, Zhou W, Liu YD, Shi MH, Yang Q, Tang JY, Wang HK, Zhang H, Yu Y, Zhou J. Cyclooxygenase-1 Regulates the Development of Follicular Th Cells via Prostaglandin E 2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:864-872. [PMID: 31243090 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, one of the critical enzymes required for the conversion of arachidonic acid to PGs, has been demonstrated to play an important role not only in the cardiovascular system but also in the immune system. COX-1 has been found to regulate early B cell differentiation, germinal center formation, and Ab production of B cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of COX-1-mediated B cell activation remains not fully understood. In this study, we reported that COX-1 is a potential regulator for the development of follicular Th (TFH) cells. COX-1-deficient (COX-1-/- ) mice displayed a significant reduction of TFH cells upon influenza infection or immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin, which led to a severe impairment of germinal center responses. We further demonstrated that COX-1-derived PGE2, via binding with its receptors EP2/EP4, represents the underlying mechanism. The administration of EP2/EP4 agonists or PGE2 almost completely rescued the defective TFH cell generation in COX-1-/- mice. Taken together, our observations indicate that COX-1 plays an important role in the development of TFH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Joint Program in Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying-Jiao Cao
- Joint Program in Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Wei-Ming Yuan
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Ai-Hua Lei
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yong-Dong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mao-Hua Shi
- First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jin-Yi Tang
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Hai-Kun Wang
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Joint Program in Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China; .,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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121
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Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Zou L, Zhang D, Aki D, Liu YC. The E3 ligase VHL promotes follicular helper T cell differentiation via glycolytic-epigenetic control. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1664-1681. [PMID: 31123085 PMCID: PMC6605754 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are essential for germinal center formation and effective humoral immunity, which undergo different stages of development to become fully polarized. However, the detailed mechanisms of their regulation remain unsolved. Here we found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase VHL was required for Tfh cell development and function upon acute virus infection or antigen immunization. VHL acted through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent glycolysis pathway to positively regulate early Tfh cell initiation. The enhanced glycolytic activity due to VHL deficiency was involved in the epigenetic regulation of ICOS expression, a critical molecule for Tfh development. By using an RNA interference screen, we identified the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH as the key target for the reduced ICOS expression via m6A modification. Our results thus demonstrated that the VHL-HIF-1α axis played an important role during the initiation of Tfh cell development through glycolytic-epigenetic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Zou
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Daisuke Aki
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yun-Cai Liu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China .,La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
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122
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Crotty S. T Follicular Helper Cell Biology: A Decade of Discovery and Diseases. Immunity 2019; 50:1132-1148. [PMID: 31117010 PMCID: PMC6532429 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 898] [Impact Index Per Article: 179.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Helping B cells and antibody responses is a major function of CD4+ T cells. It has been 10 years since the publication of Bcl6 as the lineage-defining transcription factor for T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation and the requirement of Tfh cells as the specialized subset of CD4+ T cells needed for germinal centers (the microanatomical sites of B cell mutation and antibody affinity maturation) and related B cell responses. A great deal has been learned about Tfh cells in the past 10 years, particularly regarding their roles in a surprising range of diseases. Advances in the understanding of Tfh cell differentiation and function are discussed, as are the understanding of Tfh cells in infectious diseases, vaccines, autoimmune diseases, allergies, atherosclerosis, organ transplants, and cancer. This includes discussion of Tfh cells in the human immune system. Based on the discoveries to date, the next decade of Tfh research surely holds many more surprises. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (Scripps CHAVI-ID), Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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123
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Wan Z, Shaheen S, Chau A, Zeng Y, Liu W. Imaging: Gear up for mechano-immunology. Cell Immunol 2019; 350:103926. [PMID: 31151736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells including B and T lymphocytes have a remarkable ability to sense the physical perturbations through their surface expressed receptors. At the advent of modern imaging technologies paired with biophysical methods, we have gained the understanding of mechanical forces exerted by immune cells to perform their functions. This review will go over the imaging techniques already being used to study mechanical forces in immune cells. We will also discuss the dire need for new modern technologies for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengpeng Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samina Shaheen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Alicia Chau
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingyue Zeng
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China.
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124
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Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have had limited efficacy, especially with late stage cancers. Cancer immunotherapy and targeted therapy have revolutionized how cancer is treated, especially in patients with late stage disease. In 2013 cancer immunotherapy was named the breakthrough of the year, partially due to the established efficacy of blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1, both T cell co-inhibitory molecules involved in tumor-induced immunosuppression. Though early trials promised success, toxicity and tolerance to immunotherapy have hindered long-term successes. Optimizing the use of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways has the potential to increase the effectiveness of T cell-mediated antitumor immune response, leading to increased efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. This review will address major T cell co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways and the role they play in regulating immune responses during cancer development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E O'Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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125
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Van DV, Bauer L, Kroczek RA, Hutloff A. ICOS Costimulation Differentially Affects T Cells in Secondary Lymphoid Organs and Inflamed Tissues. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:437-447. [PMID: 29676593 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0309oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell interaction with follicular helper T cells and subsequent differentiation of B cells into high-affinity APCs normally takes place in secondary lymphoid organs. The costimulator ICOS plays a key role in this process and is therefore considered as an attractive target to modulate exaggerated B-cell responses in autoimmune or allergic diseases. Inflamed tissues were recently recognized as additional sites of active T-cell/B-cell interaction. To analyze whether ICOS costimulation is also important there, we employed a mouse airway inflammation model that allows direct comparison of immune reactions in the lung-draining lymph node and the lung tissue as well as assessment of the relative importance of dendritic cells versus B cells as APCs. In both organs, ICOS regulated the pool size of antigen-specific T and B cells and B-cell differentiation into germinal center(-like) cells but not into antibody-secreting cells. In the lymph node, lack of ICOS costimulation drastically reduced the frequency of T follicular helper cells but did not affect production of T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines. Vice versa in the lung tissue, ICOS did not change PD-1 expression on infiltrating T cells but regulated Th2 cytokine production, a process for which ICOS ligand expression on B cells was of particular importance. Taken together, the results of this study show that ICOS differentially regulates effector T cells in secondary lymphoid organs and inflamed tissues but that blockade of the ICOS pathway is suitable to target T cell-dependent B cell responses at both sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Vu Van
- 1 Chronic Immune Reactions, German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany; and.,2 Molecular Immunology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Bauer
- 1 Chronic Immune Reactions, German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany; and.,2 Molecular Immunology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Hutloff
- 1 Chronic Immune Reactions, German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany; and.,2 Molecular Immunology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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126
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IL-10-producing regulatory B cells restrain the T follicular helper cell response in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:921-931. [PMID: 30948793 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased numbers of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells have been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases including primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), but how the Tfh cell response is regulated during autoimmune pathogenesis remains largely unclear. Here, we first found negative correlations between IL-10+ regulatory B (Breg) cell numbers and Tfh cell responses and disease activity in patients with pSS and mice with experimental Sjögren's syndrome (ESS). Moreover, we detected high expression of IL-10 receptor on Tfh cells and their precursors in both humans and mice. In culture, IL-10 suppressed human and murine Tfh cell differentiation by promoting STAT5 phosphorylation. By using an adoptive transfer approach and two-photon live imaging, we found significantly increased numbers of Tfh cells with enhanced T cell homing into B cell follicles in the draining cervical lymph nodes of RAG-2-/- mice transferred with IL-10-deficient B cells during ESS development compared with those of RAG-2-/- mice transferred with wild-type B cells. In ESS mice, CD19+CD1dhiCD5+ Breg cells with decreased IL-10 production exhibited severely impaired suppressive effects on T cell proliferation. Consistently, CD19+CD24+CD38hi Breg cells from pSS patients showed significantly reduced IL-10 production with defective inhibitory function in the suppression of autologous Tfh cell expansion. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of IL-10-producing Breg cells markedly suppressed the Tfh cell response and ameliorated ESS progression in ESS mice. Together, these findings demonstrate a critical role for IL-10-producing Breg cells in restraining the effector Tfh cell response during pSS development.
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127
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CXCR5 and ICOS expression identifies a CD8 T-cell subset with T FH features in Hodgkin lymphomas. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1889-1900. [PMID: 30087107 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018017244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A better characterization of T-cell subsets in the microenvironment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) would help to develop immunotherapies. Using multicolor flow cytometry, we identified in 6 of 43 cHL tissue samples a previously unrecognized subset of CD8 T cells coexpressing CXCR5 and inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) molecules (CD8CXCR5+ICOS+). These cells shared phenotypic features with follicular helper T (TFH) cells including low CCR7 expression together with high expression of B-cell lymphoma-6, programmed cell death 1, B and T lymphocyte attenuator, CD200, and OX40. They had deficient cytotoxicity, low interferon-γ secretion, and common functional properties with intratumoral CD4+ TFH cells, such as production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-21, CXCL13, and capacity to sustain B cells. Gene profiling analysis showed a significant similarity between the signatures of CD8CXCR5+ICOS+ T cells and CD4+ TFH cells. Benign lymphadenitis tissues (n = 8) were devoid of CD8CXCR5+ICOS+ cells. Among the 35 B-cell lymphoma tissues analyzed, including follicular lymphomas (n = 13), diffuse large cell lymphomas (n = 12), marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs; n = 3), mantle cell lymphomas (n = 3), and chronic lymphocytic leukemias (n = 4), only 1 MZL sample contained CD8CXCR5+ICOS+ cells. Lymphoma tumors with CD8CXCR5+ICOS+ cells shared common histopathological features including residual germinal centers, and contained high amounts of activated CD8CXCR5-ICOS+ cells. These data demonstrate a CD8 T-cell differentiation pathway leading to the acquisition of some TFH similarities. They suggest a particular immunoediting process with global CD8 activation acting mainly, but not exclusively, in HL tumors.
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128
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Klemann C, Camacho-Ordonez N, Yang L, Eskandarian Z, Rojas-Restrepo JL, Frede N, Bulashevska A, Heeg M, Al-Ddafari MS, Premm J, Seidl M, Ammann S, Sherkat R, Radhakrishnan N, Warnatz K, Unger S, Kobbe R, Hüfner A, Leahy TR, Ip W, Burns SO, Fliegauf M, Grimbacher B. Clinical and Immunological Phenotype of Patients With Primary Immunodeficiency Due to Damaging Mutations in NFKB2. Front Immunol 2019; 10:297. [PMID: 30941118 PMCID: PMC6435015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical NF-κB-pathway signaling is integral in immunoregulation. Heterozygous mutations in NFKB2 have recently been established as a molecular cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and DAVID-syndrome, a rare condition combining deficiency of anterior pituitary hormone with CVID. Here, we investigate 15 previously unreported patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) from eleven unrelated families with heterozygous NFKB2-mutations including eight patients with the common p.Arg853* nonsense mutation and five patients harboring unique novel C-terminal truncating mutations. In addition, we describe the clinical phenotype of two patients with proximal truncating mutations. Cohort analysis extended to all 35 previously published NFKB2-cases revealed occurrence of early-onset PID in 46/50 patients (mean age of onset 5.9 years, median 4.0 years). ACTH-deficiency occurred in 44%. Three mutation carriers have deceased, four developed malignancies. Only two mutation carriers were clinically asymptomatic. In contrast to typical CVID, most patients suffered from early-onset and severe disease manifestations, including clinical signs of T cell dysfunction e.g., chronic-viral or opportunistic infections. In addition, 80% of patients suffered from (predominately T cell mediated) autoimmune (AI) phenomena (alopecia > various lymphocytic organ-infiltration > diarrhea > arthritis > AI-cytopenia). Unlike in other forms of CVID, auto-antibodies or lymphoproliferation were not common hallmarks of disease. Immunophenotyping showed largely normal or even increased quantities of naïve and memory CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells and normal T-cell proliferation. NK-cell number and function were also normal. In contrast, impaired B-cell differentiation and hypogammaglobinemia were consistent features of NFKB2-associated disease. In addition, an array of lymphocyte subpopulations, such as regulatory T cell, Th17-, cTFH-, NKT-, and MAIT-cell numbers were decreased. We conclude that heterozygous damaging mutations in NFKB2 represent a distinct PID entity exceeding the usual clinical spectrum of CVID. Impairment of the non-canonical NF-κB pathways affects function and differentiation of numerous lymphocyte-subpopulations and thus causes a heterogeneous, more severe form of PID phenotype with early-onset. Further characteristic features are multifaceted, primarily T cell-mediated autoimmunity, such as alopecia, lymphocytic organ infiltration, and in addition frequently ACTH-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Klemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadezhda Camacho-Ordonez
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Linlin Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoya Eskandarian
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica L Rojas-Restrepo
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Frede
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alla Bulashevska
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heeg
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moudjahed Saleh Al-Ddafari
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Julian Premm
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Ammann
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nita Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Super Speciality Pediatric Hospital and PG Teaching Institute, Noida, India
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Faculty of Medicine, Division Immunodeficiency (CCI), Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Unger
- Faculty of Medicine, Division Immunodeficiency (CCI), Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robin Kobbe
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Hüfner
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Ronan Leahy
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Winnie Ip
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation London, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Fliegauf
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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129
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Fonseca VR, Ribeiro F, Graca L. T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells: Dissecting the complexity of Tfr‐cell compartments. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:112-127. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Válter R. Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte – Hospital de Santa Maria Lisboa Portugal
| | - Filipa Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência Oeiras Portugal
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência Oeiras Portugal
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130
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Wan Z, Lin Y, Zhao Y, Qi H. T
FH
cells in bystander and cognate interactions with B cells. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:28-36. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zurong Wan
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Yihan Lin
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Yongshan Zhao
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Hai Qi
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing China
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131
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Abstract
The B7 receptor PD-1 is highly expressed by T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and represents one of the major markers for Tfh cells localized within the germinal centers (GCs). In this issue of Immunity, Shi et al. (2018) shows that PD-1 is involved in the tissue positioning of Tfh cells in lymphoid organs.
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132
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Huang Q, Hu J, Tang J, Xu L, Ye L. Molecular Basis of the Differentiation and Function of Virus Specific Follicular Helper CD4 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:249. [PMID: 30828337 PMCID: PMC6384271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral infection, virus-specific follicular helper T cells provide important help to cognate B cells for their survival, consecutive proliferation and mutation and eventual differentiation into memory B cells and antibody-secreting plasma cells. Similar to Tfh cells generated in other conditions, the differentiation of virus-specific Tfh cells can also be characterized as a process involved multiple factors and stages, however, which also exhibits distinct features. Here, we mainly focus on the current understanding of Tfh fate commitment, functional maturation, lineage maintenance and memory transition and formation in the context of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhao Huang
- Cancer Center, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfang Tang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lifan Xu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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133
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Bier J, Rao G, Payne K, Brigden H, French E, Pelham SJ, Lau A, Lenthall H, Edwards ESJ, Smart JM, Cole TS, Choo S, Joshi AY, Abraham RS, O'Sullivan M, Boztug K, Meyts I, Gray PE, Berglund LJ, Hsu P, Wong M, Holland SM, Notarangelo LD, Uzel G, Ma CS, Brink R, Tangye SG, Deenick EK. Activating mutations in PIK3CD disrupt the differentiation and function of human and murine CD4 + T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:236-253. [PMID: 30738173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in PIK3CD cause a primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infections, susceptibility to herpesvirus infections, and impaired antibody responses. Previous work revealed defects in CD8+ T and B cells that contribute to this clinical phenotype, but less is understood about the role of CD4+ T cells in disease pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE We sought to dissect the effects of increased phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling on CD4+ T-cell function. METHODS We performed detailed ex vivo, in vivo, and in vitro phenotypic and functional analyses of patients' CD4+ T cells and a novel murine disease model caused by overactive PI3K signaling. RESULTS PI3K overactivation caused substantial increases in numbers of memory and follicular helper T (TFH) cells and dramatic changes in cytokine production in both patients and mice. Furthermore, PIK3CD GOF human TFH cells had dysregulated phenotype and function characterized by increased programmed cell death protein 1, CXCR3, and IFN-γ expression, the phenotype of a TFH cell subset with impaired B-helper function. This was confirmed in vivo in which Pik3cd GOF CD4+ T cells also acquired an aberrant TFH phenotype and provided poor help to support germinal center reactions and humoral immune responses by antigen-specific wild-type B cells. The increase in numbers of both memory and TFH cells was largely CD4+ T-cell extrinsic, whereas changes in cytokine production and TFH cell function were cell intrinsic. CONCLUSION Our studies reveal that CD4+ T cells with overactive PI3K have aberrant activation and differentiation, thereby providing mechanistic insight into dysfunctional antibody responses in patients with PIK3CD GOF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bier
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Geetha Rao
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Kathryn Payne
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Henry Brigden
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Elise French
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Pelham
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Lau
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen Lenthall
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Emily S J Edwards
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne M Smart
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Theresa S Cole
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sharon Choo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Avni Y Joshi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Mayo Clinic Children's Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Mayo Clinic Children's Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; St Anna Children's Hospital and Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Childhood Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul E Gray
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortia Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lucinda J Berglund
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortia Australia, Sydney, Australia; Immunopathology Department, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Hsu
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortia Australia, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Melanie Wong
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortia Australia, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortia Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortia Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortia Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Elissa K Deenick
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortia Australia, Sydney, Australia.
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134
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Leibler C, Thiolat A, Elsner RA, El Karoui K, Samson C, Grimbert P. Costimulatory blockade molecules and B-cell-mediated immune response: current knowledge and perspectives. Kidney Int 2019; 95:774-786. [PMID: 30711200 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for therapeutic agents that target humoral alloimmunity in solid organ transplantation. This includes sensitized patients with preformed donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies and patients who develop de novo donor-specific antibodies, both of which are associated with acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection and allograft loss. In the last decade, both experimental and clinical studies highlighted the major impact of costimulation molecules in the control of immune responses both in the field of transplantation and autoimmune disease. Although these molecules have been initially developed to control the early steps of T-cell activation, recent evidence also supports their influence at several steps of the humoral response. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the effects of costimulatory blockade agents on humoral responses in both autoimmune and allogeneic contexts. We first present the effects of costimulatory molecules on the different steps of alloantibody production. We then summarize mechanisms and clinical results observed using cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4)-Ig molecules both in transplantation and autoimmunity. Finally, we present the potential interest and implications of other costimulatory family members as therapeutic targets, with emphasis on combinatorial approaches, for the optimal control of the alloantigen-specific humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Leibler
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Pôle Cancérologie-Immunité-Transplantation-Infectiologie, Paris-Est Creteil, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allan Thiolat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Rebecca A Elsner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Khalil El Karoui
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Pôle Cancérologie-Immunité-Transplantation-Infectiologie, Paris-Est Creteil, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Chloe Samson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Grimbert
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Pôle Cancérologie-Immunité-Transplantation-Infectiologie, Paris-Est Creteil, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.
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135
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Faliti CE, Gualtierotti R, Rottoli E, Gerosa M, Perruzza L, Romagnani A, Pellegrini G, De Ponte Conti B, Rossi RL, Idzko M, Mazza EMC, Bicciato S, Traggiai E, Meroni PL, Grassi F. P2X7 receptor restrains pathogenic Tfh cell generation in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med 2019; 216:317-336. [PMID: 30655308 PMCID: PMC6363434 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper cells promote the generation of protective antibodies, but can also foster pathogenic antibodies. The ATP-gated P2X7 receptor selectively limits the expansion of Tfh cells that amplify self-reactive antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Altered control of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells can lead to generation of autoantibodies and autoimmune manifestations. Signaling pathways that selectively limit pathogenic responses without affecting the protective function of Tfh cells are unknown. Here we show that the ATP-gated ionotropic P2X7 receptor restricts the expansion of aberrant Tfh cells and the generation of self-reactive antibodies in experimental murine lupus, but its activity is dispensable for the expansion of antigen-specific Tfh cells during vaccination. P2X7 stimulation promotes caspase-mediated pyroptosis of Tfh cells and controls the development of pathogenic ICOS+ IFN-γ–secreting cells. Circulating Tfh cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but not primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS), a nonlupus systemic autoimmune disease, were hyporesponsive to P2X7 stimulation and resistant to P2X7-mediated inhibition of cytokine-driven expansion. These data point to the P2X7 receptor as a checkpoint regulator of Tfh cells; thus, restoring P2X7 activity in SLE patients could selectively limit the progressive amplification of pathogenic autoantibodies, which deteriorate patients’ conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina E Faliti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Gualtierotti
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Lupus Clinic, IASST-Istituto Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Elsa Rottoli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Gerosa
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Lupus Clinic, IASST-Istituto Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Perruzza
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Romagnani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benedetta De Ponte Conti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo L Rossi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Idzko
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilia M C Mazza
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Pier Luigi Meroni
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy .,Lupus Clinic, IASST-Istituto Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland .,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy
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136
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Preite S, Huang B, Cannons JL, McGavern DB, Schwartzberg PL. PI3K Orchestrates T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation in a Context Dependent Manner: Implications for Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3079. [PMID: 30666254 PMCID: PMC6330320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a specialized population of CD4+ T cells that provide help to B cells for the formation and maintenance germinal centers, and the production of high affinity class-switched antibodies, long-lived plasma cells, and memory B cells. As such, Tfh cells are essential for the generation of successful long-term humoral immunity and memory responses to vaccination and infection. Conversely, overproduction of Tfh cells has been associated with the generation of autoantibodies and autoimmunity. Data from gene-targeted mice, pharmacological inhibitors, as well as studies of human and mice expressing activating mutants have revealed that PI3Kδ is a key regulator of Tfh cell differentiation, acting downstream of ICOS to facilitate inactivation of FOXO1, repression of Klf2 and induction of Bcl6. Nonetheless, here we show that after acute LCMV infection, WT and activated-PI3Kδ mice (Pik3cdE1020K/+) show comparable ratios of Tfh:Th1 viral specific CD4+ T cells, despite higher polyclonal Tfh cells in Pik3cdE1020K/+ mice. Thus, the idea that PI3K activity primarily drives Tfh cell differentiation may be an oversimplification and PI3K-mediated pathways are likely to integrate multiple signals to promote distinct effector T cell lineages. The consequences of dysregulated Tfh cell generation will be discussed in the context of the human primary immunodeficiency “Activated PI3K-delta Syndrome” (APDS), also known as “p110 delta-activating mutation causing senescent T cells, lymphadenopathy and immunodeficiency” (PASLI). Overall, these data underscore a major role for PI3K signaling in the orchestration of T lymphocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Preite
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bonnie Huang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer L Cannons
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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137
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Wan Z, Shao X, Ji X, Dong L, Wei J, Xiong Z, Liu W, Qi H. Transmembrane domain-mediated Lck association underlies bystander and costimulatory ICOS signaling. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 17:143-152. [PMID: 30523347 PMCID: PMC7000777 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The B7-family inducible costimulator (ICOS) activates phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) and augments calcium mobilization triggered by the T-cell receptor (TCR). We surprisingly found that the entire cytoplasmic domain of ICOS is dispensable for its costimulation of calcium mobilization. This costimulatory function relies on the unique transmembrane domain (TMD) of ICOS, which promotes association with the tyrosine kinase Lck. TMD-enabled Lck association is also required for p85 recruitment to ICOS and subsequent PI3K activation, and Lck underlies both the bystander and costimulatory signaling activity of ICOS. TMD-replaced ICOS, even with an intact cytoplasmic domain, fails to support TFH development or GC formation in vivo. When transplanted onto a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), the ICOS TMD enhances interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting target cells. Therefore, by revealing an unexpected function of the ICOS TMD, our study offers a new perspective for the understanding and potential application of costimulation biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zurong Wan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, 100084, Beijing, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Shao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, 100084, Beijing, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Ji
- School of Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, 100084, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Dong
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Wei
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, 100084, Beijing, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuqing Xiong
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- School of Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, 100084, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China. .,Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, 100084, Beijing, China. .,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, 100084, Beijing, China.
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138
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Zhang M, Xia L, Yang Y, Liu S, Ji P, Wang S, Chen Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Lu S, Wang Y. PD-1 blockade augments humoral immunity through ICOS-mediated CD4 + T cell instruction. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 66:127-138. [PMID: 30448635 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Successful applications of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in multiple cancers highlight the efficacy of immunotherapy mediated by enhancing CD8+ T cell immunity both in mouse and human. How PD-1 blockade affects humoral immunity remains unclear. Herein we demonstrated that treatment of anti-PD-1 antibody led to the increase in both total IgG and OVA-specific IgG in OVA-immunized mice. However, no effect was observed on Ab affinity maturation. Accumulation of germinal center (GC) and memory B cells was observed in the spleens together with elevated percentages of plasma cells in the spleens and bone marrow. More interestingly, dramatic infiltration of CD4+ T cells was apparent in GCs after PD-1 blockade with a significant increase in the expression of ICOS. When CD4+ T cells and B cells from OVA-immunized mice were co-cultured with neutralizing anti-PD-1 Ab in vitro, PD-1 blockade recapitulated the up-regulation of ICOS expression on CD4+ T cells with the activation of ERK signaling. Suppression of ERK activation not only reduced ICOS expression on CD4+ T cells but also attenuated IgG production upon PD-1 blockade. Taken together, PD-1 blockade enhances humoral immunity. This process partially relies on more accumulation of CD4+ T cells in GCs with the up-regulation of ICOS expression and the promotion of B cell terminal differentiation. The regulatory pattern of PD-1 blockade illustrated here provides a new mechanism of how immune checkpoint molecules regulating humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liliang Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiduo Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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139
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Yu D, Ye L. A Portrait of CXCR5 + Follicular Cytotoxic CD8 + T cells. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:965-979. [PMID: 30377045 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells differentiate into multiple effector and memory subsets to carry out immune clearance of infected and cancerous cells and provide long-term protection. Recent research identified a CXCR5+Tcf1+Tim-3- subset that localizes in, or proximal to, B cell follicles in secondary lymphoid organs of mice, non-human primates, and humans, hereby termed follicular cytotoxic T (TFC) cells. With remarkable similarity to follicular helper T (TFH) cells, TFC differentiation is dependent on transcription factors E2A, Bcl6, and Tcf1, but inhibited by other regulators, including Blimp1, Id2, and Id3. This review summarizes the phenotype, function, and differentiation of this new subset. Owing to its follicular location and self-renewal capability, we propose immunotherapeutic strategies to target TFC cells to potentially treat certain cancers and chronic infections such as HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia; Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China; China-Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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140
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Wu H, Deng Y, Zhao M, Zhang J, Zheng M, Chen G, Li L, He Z, Lu Q. Molecular Control of Follicular Helper T cell Development and Differentiation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2470. [PMID: 30410493 PMCID: PMC6209674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) are specialized helper T cells that are predominantly located in germinal centers and provide help to B cells. The development and differentiation of Tfh cells has been shown to be regulated by transcription factors, such as B-cell lymphoma 6 protein (Bcl-6), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1). In addition, cytokines, including IL-21, have been found to be important for Tfh cell development. Moreover, several epigenetic modifications have also been reported to be involved in the determination of Tfh cell fate. The regulatory network is complicated, and the number of novel molecules demonstrated to control the fate of Tfh cells is increasing. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the molecular regulation of Tfh cell development and differentiation at the protein level and at the epigenetic level to elucidate Tfh cell biology and provide potential targets for clinical interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaxiong Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ming Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Genghui Chen
- Beijing Wenfeng Tianji Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibiao He
- Department of Emergency, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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141
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Quinn JL, Axtell RC. Emerging Role of Follicular T Helper Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103233. [PMID: 30347676 PMCID: PMC6214126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder where both T cells and B cells are implicated in pathology. However, it remains unclear how these two distinct populations cooperate to drive disease. There is ample evidence from studies in both MS patients and mouse models that Th17, B cells, and follicular T helper (TFH) cells contribute to disease. This review article describes the literature that identifies mechanisms by which Th17, TFH, and B cells cooperatively drive disease activity in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The curation of this literature has identified that central nervous system (CNS) infiltrating TFH cells act with TH17 cell to contribute to an inflammatory B cell response in neuroinflammation. This demonstrates that TFH cells and their products are promising targets for therapies in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Robert C Axtell
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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142
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Petersone L, Edner NM, Ovcinnikovs V, Heuts F, Ross EM, Ntavli E, Wang CJ, Walker LSK. T Cell/B Cell Collaboration and Autoimmunity: An Intimate Relationship. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1941. [PMID: 30210496 PMCID: PMC6119692 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-ordinated interaction between distinct cell types is a hallmark of successful immune function. A striking example of this is the carefully orchestrated cooperation between helper T cells and B cells that occurs during the initiation and fine-tuning of T-cell dependent antibody responses. While these processes have evolved to permit rapid immune defense against infection, it is becoming increasingly clear that such interactions can also underpin the development of autoimmunity. Here we discuss a selection of cellular and molecular pathways that mediate T cell/B cell collaboration and highlight how in vivo models and genome wide association studies link them with autoimmune disease. In particular, we emphasize how CTLA-4-mediated regulation of CD28 signaling controls the engagement of secondary costimulatory pathways such as ICOS and OX40, and profoundly influences the capacity of T cells to provide B cell help. While our molecular understanding of the co-operation between T cells and B cells derives from analysis of secondary lymphoid tissues, emerging evidence suggests that subtly different rules may govern the interaction of T and B cells at ectopic sites during autoimmune inflammation. Accordingly, the phenotype of the T cells providing help at these sites includes notable distinctions, despite sharing core features with T cells imparting help in secondary lymphoid tissues. Finally, we highlight the interdependence of T cell and B cell responses and suggest that a significant beneficial impact of B cell depletion in autoimmune settings may be its detrimental effect on T cells engaged in molecular conversation with B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucy S. K. Walker
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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143
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Rao DA. T Cells That Help B Cells in Chronically Inflamed Tissues. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1924. [PMID: 30190721 PMCID: PMC6115497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronically inflamed tissues commonly accrue lymphocyte aggregates that facilitate local T cell-B cell interactions. These aggregates can range from small, loosely arranged lymphocyte clusters to large, organized ectopic lymphoid structures. In some cases, ectopic lymphoid structures develop germinal centers that house prototypical T follicular helper (Tfh) cells with high expression of Bcl6, CXCR5, PD-1, and ICOS. However, in many chronically inflamed tissues, the T cells that interact with B cells show substantial differences from Tfh cells in their surface phenotypes, migratory capacity, and transcriptional regulation. This review discusses observations from multiple diseases and models in which tissue-infiltrating T cells produce factors associated with B cell help, including IL-21 and the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13, yet vary dramatically in their resemblance to Tfh cells. Particular attention is given to the PD-1hi CXCR5− Bcl6low T peripheral helper (Tph) cell population in rheumatoid arthritis, which infiltrates inflamed synovium through expression of chemokine receptors such as CCR2 and augments synovial B cell responses via CXCL13 and IL-21. The factors that regulate CD4+ T cell production of CXCL13 and IL-21 in these settings are also discussed. Understanding the range of T cell populations that can provide help to B cells within chronically inflamed tissues is essential to recognize these cells in diverse inflammatory conditions and to optimize either broad or selective therapeutic targeting of B cell-helper T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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144
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Nguyen XH, Dauvilliers Y, Quériault C, Perals C, Romieu-Mourez R, Paulet PE, Bernard-Valnet R, Fazilleau N, Liblau R. Circulating follicular helper T cells exhibit reduced ICOS expression and impaired function in narcolepsy type 1 patients. J Autoimmun 2018; 94:134-142. [PMID: 30104107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite genetic and epidemiological evidence strongly supporting an autoimmune basis for narcolepsy type 1, the mechanisms involved have remained largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the frequency and function of circulating follicular helper and follicular regulatory T cells are altered in narcolepsy type 1. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 32 patients with narcolepsy type 1, including 11 who developed disease after Pandemrix® vaccination, and 32 age-, sex-, and HLA-DQB1*06:02-matched healthy individuals. The frequency and phenotype of the different circulating B cell and follicular T cell subsets were examined by flow cytometry. The function of follicular helper T cells was evaluated by assessing the differentiation of naïve and memory B cells in a co-culture assay. We revealed a notable increase in the frequency of circulating B cells and CD4+CXCR5+ follicular T cells in narcolepsy patients compared to age-, sex- and HLA-matched healthy controls. However, the inducible T-cell costimulator molecule, ICOS, was selectively down-regulated on follicular T cells from patients. Reduced frequency of activated ICOS+ and PD1high blood follicular T cells was also observed in the narcolepsy group. Importantly, follicular T cells isolated from patients with narcolepsy type 1 had a reduced capacity to drive the proliferation/survival and differentiation of memory B cells. Our results provide novel insights into the potential involvement of T cell-dependent B cell responses in the pathogenesis of narcolepsy type 1 in which down-regulation of ICOS expression on follicular helper T cells correlates with their reduced function. We hypothesize that these changes contribute to regulation of the deleterious autoimmune process after disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Clémence Quériault
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Corine Perals
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaelle Romieu-Mourez
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Paulet
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Bernard-Valnet
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Roland Liblau
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France; Department of Immunology, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France.
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145
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Kim SJ, Lee K, Diamond B. Follicular Helper T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1793. [PMID: 30123218 PMCID: PMC6085416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ follicular helper T (Tfh) cells constitute a subset of effector T cells that participate in the generation of high-affinity humoral responses. They express the chemokine receptor CXCR5 and produce the cytokine IL-21, both of which are required for their contribution to germinal center formation. Uncontrolled expansion of Tfh cells is observed in various mouse models of systemic autoimmune diseases and in patients with these diseases. In particular, the frequency of circulating Tfh is correlated with disease activity and anti-DNA antibody titer in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Recent studies reveal functional diversity within the Tfh population in both humans and mice. We will summarize here the molecular mechanisms for Tfh cell generation, survival and function in both humans and mice, and the relationship between Tfh cells and autoimmune disease in animal models and in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jung Kim
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kyungwoo Lee
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Betty Diamond
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
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146
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A human immune system mouse model with robust lymph node development. Nat Methods 2018; 15:623-630. [PMID: 30065364 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) facilitate the cellular interactions that orchestrate immune responses. Human immune system (HIS) mice are powerful tools for interrogation of human immunity but lack secondary lymphoid tissue (SLT) as a result of a deficiency in Il2rg-dependent lymphoid tissue inducer cells. To restore LN development, we induced expression of thymic-stromal-cell-derived lymphopoietin (TSLP) in a Balb/c Rag2-/-Il2rg-/-SirpaNOD (BRGS) HIS mouse model. The resulting BRGST HIS mice developed a full array of LNs with compartmentalized human B and T cells. Compared with BRGS HIS mice, BRGST HIS mice have a larger thymus, more mature B cells, and abundant IL-21-producing follicular helper T (TFH) cells, and show enhanced antigen-specific responses. Using BRGST HIS mice, we demonstrated that LN TFH cells are targets of acute HIV infection and represent a reservoir for latent HIV. In summary, BRGST HIS mice reflect the effects of SLT development on human immune responses and provide a model for visualization and interrogation of regulators of immunity.
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147
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Shi J, Hou S, Fang Q, Liu X, Liu X, Qi H. PD-1 Controls Follicular T Helper Cell Positioning and Function. Immunity 2018; 49:264-274.e4. [PMID: 30076099 PMCID: PMC6104813 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells highly express the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) molecule. Whereas inhibition of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and CD28 co-stimulation is thought to be the primary mode of PD-1 functions, whether and how PD-1 regulates Tfh cell development and function is unclear. Here we showed that, when engaged by the ensemble of bystander B cells constitutively expressing PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), PD-1 inhibited T cell recruitment into the follicle. This inhibition involved suppression of PI3K activities downstream of the follicle-guidance receptor CXCR5, was independent of co-signaling with the TCR, and necessitated ICOS signaling to overcome. PD-1 further restricted CXCR3 upregulation on Tfh cells, serving to concentrate these cells toward the germinal center territory, where PD-L1-PD-1 interactions between individual Tfh and B cells optimized B cell competition and affinity maturation. Therefore, operating in both costimulation-independent and -dependent manners, PD-1 controls tissue positioning and function of Tfh cells. PD-1 suppresses follicular T cell recruitment Bystander B cells regulate follicular T cell recruitment by both ICOSL and PD-L1 PD-1 limits CXCR3 expression to confine Tfh cell localization in the GC PD-1-PD-L1 interactions increase the stringency of GC affinity selection
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Shi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shiyue Hou
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hai Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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148
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Gensous N, Charrier M, Duluc D, Contin-Bordes C, Truchetet ME, Lazaro E, Duffau P, Blanco P, Richez C. T Follicular Helper Cells in Autoimmune Disorders. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1637. [PMID: 30065726 PMCID: PMC6056609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a distinct subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes, specialized in B cell help and in regulation of antibody responses. They are required for the generation of germinal center reactions, where selection of high affinity antibody producing B cells and development of memory B cells occur. Owing to the fundamental role of Tfh cells in adaptive immunity, the stringent control of their production and function is critically important, both for the induction of an optimal humoral response against thymus-dependent antigens but also for the prevention of self-reactivity. Indeed, deregulation of Tfh activities can contribute to a pathogenic autoantibody production and can play an important role in the promotion of autoimmune diseases. In the present review, we briefly introduce the molecular factors involved in Tfh cell formation in the context of a normal immune response, as well as markers associated with their identification (transcription factor, surface marker expression, and cytokine production). We then consider in detail the role of Tfh cells in the pathogenesis of a broad range of autoimmune diseases, with a special focus on systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as on the other autoimmune/inflammatory disorders. We summarize the observed alterations in Tfh numbers, activation state, and circulating subset distribution during autoimmune and some other inflammatory disorders. In addition, central role of interleukin-21, major cytokine produced by Tfh cells, is discussed, as well as the involvement of follicular regulatory T cells, which share characteristics with both Tfh and regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Gensous
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Manon Charrier
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dorothée Duluc
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Duffau
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Blanco
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Richez
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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149
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Horiuchi S, Ueno H. Potential Pathways Associated With Exaggerated T Follicular Helper Response in Human Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1630. [PMID: 30061896 PMCID: PMC6054970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Convincing lines of evidence in both mice and humans show that exaggerated T follicular helper (Tfh) responses is pathogenic in autoimmune diseases. However, the cause of exaggerated Tfh response in humans is still much less clear than in mouse models where genetic factors can be manipulated for in vivo testing. Nonetheless, recent advances in our understanding on the mechanisms of human Tfh differentiation and identification of multiple risk loci in genome-wide association studies have revealed several pathways potentially associated with exaggerated Tfh response in human autoimmune diseases. In this review, we will first briefly summarize the differentiation mechanisms of Tfh cells in humans. We describe the features of “Tfh-like” cells recently identified in inflamed tissues of human autoimmune diseases. Then we will discuss how risk loci identified in GWAS are potentially involved in exaggerated Tfh response in human autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Horiuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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150
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Xie MM, Dent AL. Unexpected Help: Follicular Regulatory T Cells in the Germinal Center. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1536. [PMID: 30013575 PMCID: PMC6036241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are necessary for germinal center (GC) formation and within the GC, provide key signals to B cells for their differentiation into plasmablasts and plasma cells that secrete high-affinity and isotype-switched antibody (Ab). A specialized subset of Foxp3+ T cells termed T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, also regulate the differentiation of Ab-secreting cells from the GC. Tfr-cell function in the GC is not well understood, however, the dominant paradigm currently is that Tfr cells repress excessive Tfh and GC B cell proliferation and help promote stringent selection of high-affinity B cells. A mouse model where the Bcl6 gene is specifically deleted in Foxp3+ T cells (Bcl6FC mice) allows the study of Tfr cell function with more precision than other approaches. Studies with this model have shown that Tfr cells play a key role in maintaining GC B cell proliferation and Ab levels. Part of the mechanism for this positive "helper" effect of Tfr cells on the GC is Tfr cell-derived IL-10, which can promote B cell growth and entry into the dark zone of the GC. Recent studies on Tfr cells support a new paradigm for Tfr cell function in the GC reaction. Here, we review studies on Tfr cell functions and discuss the evidence that Tfr cells can have a major helper role in the GC-dependent Ab response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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