101
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Rütsche D, Nanni M, Rüdisser S, Biedermann T, Zenobi-Wong M. Enzymatically Crosslinked Collagen as a Versatile Matrix for In Vitro and In Vivo Co-Engineering of Blood and Lymphatic Vasculature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209476. [PMID: 36724374 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adequate vascularization is required for the successful translation of many in vitro engineered tissues. This study presents a novel collagen derivative that harbors multiple recognition peptides for orthogonal enzymatic crosslinking based on sortase A (SrtA) and Factor XIII (FXIII). SrtA-mediated crosslinking enables the rapid co-engineering of human blood and lymphatic microcapillaries and mesoscale capillaries in bulk hydrogels. Whereas tuning of gel stiffness determines the extent of neovascularization, the relative number of blood and lymphatic capillaries recapitulates the ratio of blood and lymphatic endothelial cells originally seeded into the hydrogel. Bioengineered capillaries readily form luminal structures and exhibit typical maturation markers both in vitro and in vivo. The secondary crosslinking enzyme Factor XIII is used for in situ tethering of the VEGF mimetic QK peptide to collagen. This approach supports the formation of blood and lymphatic capillaries in the absence of exogenous VEGF. Orthogonal enzymatic crosslinking is further used to bioengineer hydrogels with spatially defined polymer compositions with pro- and anti-angiogenic properties. Finally, macroporous scaffolds based on secondary crosslinking of microgels enable vascularization independent from supporting fibroblasts. Overall, this work demonstrates for the first time the co-engineering of mature micro- and meso-sized blood and lymphatic capillaries using a highly versatile collagen derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Rütsche
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Monica Nanni
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, 8952, Switzerland
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Simon Rüdisser
- Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy Platform, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 64, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Biedermann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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102
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Hu X, Xue Y, Liu D, Zhang J, Wang T, Wu Z, Lei W. Effects of material nano-topography on the angiogenesis of type H vessels: Size dependence, cell heterogeneity and intercellular communication. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 147:213307. [PMID: 36746099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Type H vessel, a vascular subtype in bone, is a critical regulator of osteogenesis, but how material properties affect this organ-specific vessel remains unknown. Here, titania nanotubes were fabricated on bone implant surface to investigate the effects of nano-topography on type H vessels. In vivo, surface nanotubes with 20-100 nm diameters promoted the angiogenesis of type H vessels and bone regeneration in mouse femurs to different extents, with the best effects induced by 70 nm diameter. In vitro, bone-specific endothelial cells (BECs) and artery endothelial cells (AECs) presented significantly different behaviors on the same material. Nanotubes with 20 nm small diameters significantly improved the adhesion, proliferation, type H differentiation of BECs and their paracrine function to regulate pre-osteoblasts (POBs), possibly via binding integrin β1 on the cell membrane, but these effects weakened when tube diameter increased, which conflicted with the results in vivo. Further study suggested that the better in vivo effects by larger diameters of 70-100 nm might be exerted indirectly through remodeling the regulation from POBs to BECs, highlighting the underappreciated indirect bio-effects of materials via intercellular communication. These suggest that nanoscale material topography makes significant impact on the angiogenesis of type H vessels, directly via binding integrins on the cell membrane of BECs and indirectly via modulating the regulation from osteoblastic cells to BECs, both in a size-dependent manner. Cells of the same type but from different tissues may show different responses to the same material, thus material properties should be tailored to the specific cell population. In research on material-tissue interactions, conclusions from in vitro experiments exposing a single type of cell to material might deviate from the truth in vivo, because materials may indirectly influence the targeted cells through modulating intercellular communication. These provide new insights into material-tissue interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yumeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Daming Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tianji Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zixiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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103
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Leonard EV, Hasan SS, Siekmann AF. Temporally and regionally distinct morphogenetic processes govern zebrafish caudal fin blood vessel network expansion. Development 2023; 150:dev201030. [PMID: 36938965 PMCID: PMC10113958 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels form elaborate networks that depend on tissue-specific signalling pathways and anatomical structures to guide their growth. However, it is not clear which morphogenetic principles organize the stepwise assembly of the vasculature. We therefore performed a longitudinal analysis of zebrafish caudal fin vascular assembly, revealing the existence of temporally and spatially distinct morphogenetic processes. Initially, vein-derived endothelial cells (ECs) generated arteries in a reiterative process requiring vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), Notch and cxcr4a signalling. Subsequently, veins produced veins in more proximal fin regions, transforming pre-existing artery-vein loops into a three-vessel pattern consisting of an artery and two veins. A distinct set of vascular plexuses formed at the base of the fin. They differed in their diameter, flow magnitude and marker gene expression. At later stages, intussusceptive angiogenesis occurred from veins in distal fin regions. In proximal fin regions, we observed new vein sprouts crossing the inter-ray tissue through sprouting angiogenesis. Together, our results reveal a surprising diversity among the mechanisms generating the mature fin vasculature and suggest that these might be driven by separate local cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin V. Leonard
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 1114 Biomedical Research Building, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sana Safatul Hasan
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 1114 Biomedical Research Building, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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104
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Yang D, Yuan L, Chen S, Zhang Y, Ma X, Xing Y, Song J. Morphological and histochemical identification of telocytes in adult yak epididymis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5295. [PMID: 37002252 PMCID: PMC10066225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a newly discovered type of mesenchymal cell that are closely related to the tissue's internal environment. The study aimed to investigate the morphological identification of TCs in the epididymis of adult yak and their role in the local microenvironment. In this study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blotting were used to analyze the cell morphology of TCs. The results showed that there are two types of TCs in the epididymal stroma of yak by TEM; one type is distributed around the capillaries with full cell bodies, longer TPs, and a large number of secretory vesicles; the other is distributed outside the basement membrane with irregularly long, striped, large nuclei and short telopodes (TPs). In addition, these TCs formed complex TC cell networks through TPs with epididymal interstitial capillaries and basal fibroblasts. TCs often appear near the capillaries and basement membrane by special staining. The surface markers of TCs (CD34, vimentin, and CD117) were positively expressed in the epididymal stroma and epithelium by immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence co-expression of vimentin + CD34 and CD117 + CD34 was observed on the surface of TCs. The trends in the mRNA and protein expression of TCs surface markers revealed expression was highest in the caput epididymis. In summary, this is first report of TCs in the epididymis of yak, and two phenotypes of TCs were observed. The existence and distribution characteristics of TCs in the epididymis of plateau yaks provide important clues for further study of the adaptation to reproductive function in the plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ligang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Shaoyu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yindi Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juanjuan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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105
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Kulikauskas MR, Oatley M, Yu T, Liu Z, Matsumura L, Kidder E, Ruter D, Bautch VL. Endothelial Cell SMAD6 Balances ACVRL1/Alk1 Function to Regulate Adherens Junctions and Hepatic Vascular Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.23.534007. [PMID: 36993438 PMCID: PMC10055411 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.534007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BMP signaling is critical to blood vessel formation and function, but how pathway components regulate vascular development is not well-understood. Here we find that inhibitory SMAD6 functions in endothelial cells to negatively regulate ALK1/ACVRL1-mediated responses, and it is required to prevent vessel dysmorphogenesis and hemorrhage in the embryonic liver vasculature. Reduced Alk1 gene dosage rescued embryonic hepatic hemorrhage and microvascular capillarization induced by Smad6 deletion in endothelial cells in vivo . At the cellular level, co-depletion of Smad6 and Alk1 rescued the destabilized junctions and impaired barrier function of endothelial cells depleted for SMAD6 alone. At the mechanistic level, blockade of actomyosin contractility or increased PI3K signaling rescued endothelial junction defects induced by SMAD6 loss. Thus, SMAD6 normally modulates ALK1 function in endothelial cells to regulate PI3K signaling and contractility, and SMAD6 loss increases signaling through ALK1 that disrupts endothelial junctions. ALK1 loss-of-function also disrupts vascular development and function, indicating that balanced ALK1 signaling is crucial for proper vascular development and identifying ALK1 as a "Goldilocks" pathway in vascular biology regulated by SMAD6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Kulikauskas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Lauren Matsumura
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Elise Kidder
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Dana Ruter
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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106
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Modulation of Endothelial Function by TMAO, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065806. [PMID: 36982880 PMCID: PMC10054148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial function is essential in the maintenance of systemic homeostasis, whose modulation strictly depends on the proper activity of tissue-specific angiocrine factors on the physiopathological mechanisms acting at both single and multi-organ levels. Several angiocrine factors take part in the vascular function itself by modulating vascular tone, inflammatory response, and thrombotic state. Recent evidence has outlined a strong relationship between endothelial factors and gut microbiota-derived molecules. In particular, the direct involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the development of endothelial dysfunction and its derived pathological outcomes, such as atherosclerosis, has come to light. Indeed, the role of TMAO in the modulation of factors strictly related to the development of endothelial dysfunction, such as nitric oxide, adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and selectins), and IL-6, has been widely accepted. The aim of this review is to present the latest studies that describe a direct role of TMAO in the modulation of angiocrine factors primarily involved in the development of vascular pathologies.
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107
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Pan J, Liu B, Dai Z. The Role of a Lung Vascular Endothelium Enriched Gene TMEM100. Biomedicines 2023; 11:937. [PMID: 36979916 PMCID: PMC10045937 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) is a crucial factor in the development and maintenance of the vascular system. The protein is involved in several processes such as angiogenesis, vascular morphogenesis, and integrity. Furthermore, TMEM100 is a downstream target of the BMP9/10 and BMPR2/ALK1 signaling pathways, which are key regulators of vascular development. Our recent studies have shown that TMEM100 is a lung endothelium enriched gene and plays a significant role in lung vascular repair and regeneration. The importance of TMEM100 in endothelial cells' regeneration was demonstrated when Tmem100 was specifically deleted in endothelial cells, causing an impairment in their regenerative ability. However, the role of TMEM100 in various conditions and diseases is still largely unknown, making it an interesting area of research. This review summarizes the current knowledge of TMEM100, including its expression pattern, function, molecular signaling, and clinical implications, which could be valuable in the development of novel therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Pan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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108
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Luque LM, Carlevaro CM, Llamoza Torres CJ, Lomba E. Physics-based tissue simulator to model multicellular systems: A study of liver regeneration and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010920. [PMID: 36877741 PMCID: PMC10019748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a multiagent-based model that captures the interactions between different types of cells with their microenvironment, and enables the analysis of the emergent global behavior during tissue regeneration and tumor development. Using this model, we are able to reproduce the temporal dynamics of regular healthy cells and cancer cells, as well as the evolution of their three-dimensional spatial distributions. By tuning the system with the characteristics of the individual patients, our model reproduces a variety of spatial patterns of tissue regeneration and tumor growth, resembling those found in clinical imaging or biopsies. In order to calibrate and validate our model we study the process of liver regeneration after surgical hepatectomy in different degrees. In the clinical context, our model is able to predict the recurrence of a hepatocellular carcinoma after a 70% partial hepatectomy. The outcomes of our simulations are in agreement with experimental and clinical observations. By fitting the model parameters to specific patient factors, it might well become a useful platform for hypotheses testing in treatments protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Melina Luque
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos - CONICET. La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail: (LML); (CMC)
| | - Carlos Manuel Carlevaro
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos - CONICET. La Plata, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail: (LML); (CMC)
| | | | - Enrique Lomba
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano - CSIC. Madrid, España
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109
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Yuan X, Duan X, Enhejirigala, Li Z, Yao B, Song W, Wang Y, Kong Y, Zhu S, Zhang F, Liang L, Zhang M, Zhang C, Kong D, Zhu M, Huang S, Fu X. Reciprocal interaction between vascular niche and sweat gland promotes sweat gland regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:340-357. [PMID: 36185745 PMCID: PMC9483744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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110
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Deng ZH, Ma LY, Chen Q, Liu Y. Dynamic crosstalk between hematopoietic stem cells and their niche from emergence to aging. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200121. [PMID: 36707486 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of somatic stem cells is regulated by their niche. Interaction between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their niches are a representative model to understand stem cell-niche interplay. Here, we provide an overview of crosstalk between HSCs and their niches in bone marrow and extramedullary organs following the life journey of HSCs from emergence, development, maturation until aging. We highlight the unique differences of HSC niches in different life stages within various organs focusing on recent literature to propose new speculations and hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hua Deng
- Center for cell lineage and development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Yue Ma
- Center for cell lineage and development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Center for cell lineage and development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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111
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Jiang Z, Waterbury QT, Fu N, Kim W, Malagola E, Guha C, Shawber CJ, Yan KS, Wang TC. Immature myeloid cells are indispensable for intestinal regeneration post irradiation injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.28.530500. [PMID: 36909592 PMCID: PMC10002743 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium functions both in nutrient absorption and as a barrier, separating the luminal contents from a network of vascular, fibroblastic, and immune cells underneath. Following injury to the intestine, multiple different cell populations cooperate to drive regeneration of the mucosa. Immature myeloid cells (IMCs), marked by histidine decarboxylase ( Hdc ), participate in regeneration of multiple organs such as the colon and central nervous system. Here, we found that IMCs infiltrate the injured intestine and promote epithelial regeneration and modulate LEC activity. IMCs produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which promotes LEC lymphangiogenesis and upregulation of pro-regenerative factors including RSPO3. Moreover, we found that IMC recruitment into the intestine is driven by invading microbial signals. Accordingly, antibiotic eradication of the intestinal microbiome prior to WB-IR inhibits IMC recruitment, and consequently, intestinal recovery. We propose that IMCs play a critical role in intestinal repair and implicate gut microbes as mediators of intestinal regeneration.
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112
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Chesnais F, Joel J, Hue J, Shakib S, Di Silvio L, Grigoriadis AE, Coward T, Veschini L. Continuously perfusable, customisable, and matrix-free vasculature on a chip platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:761-772. [PMID: 36722906 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00930g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Creating vascularised cellular environments in vitro is a current challenge in tissue engineering and a bottleneck towards developing functional stem cell-derived microtissues for regenerative medicine and basic investigations. Here we have developed a new workflow to manufacture vasculature on chip (VoC) systems efficiently, quickly, and inexpensively. We have employed 3D printing for fast-prototyping of bespoke VoC and coupled them with a refined organotypic culture system (OVAA) to grow patent capillaries in vitro using tissue-specific endothelial and stromal cells. Furthermore, we have designed and implemented a pocket-size flow driver to establish physiologic perfusive flow throughout our VoC-OVAA with minimal medium use and waste. Using our platform, we have created vascularised microtissues and perfused them at physiologic flow rates for extended time (>2 weeks) observing flow-dependent vascular remodelling. Overall, we present for the first time a scalable and customisable system to grow vascularised and perfusable microtissues, a key initial step to grow mature and functional tissues in vitro. We envision that this technology will empower fast prototyping and validation of increasingly biomimetic in vitro systems, including interconnected multi-tissue systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Chesnais
- Academic Centre of Reconstructive Science, Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Jordan Joel
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jonas Hue
- Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sima Shakib
- Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lucy Di Silvio
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Agamemnon E Grigoriadis
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Trevor Coward
- Academic Centre of Reconstructive Science, Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Lorenzo Veschini
- Academic Centre of Reconstructive Science, Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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113
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Nakajima H, Ishikawa H, Yamamoto T, Chiba A, Fukui H, Sako K, Fukumoto M, Mattonet K, Kwon HB, Hui SP, Dobreva GD, Kikuchi K, Helker CSM, Stainier DYR, Mochizuki N. Endoderm-derived islet1-expressing cells differentiate into endothelial cells to function as the vascular HSPC niche in zebrafish. Dev Cell 2023; 58:224-238.e7. [PMID: 36693371 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line blood vessels and serve as a niche for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Recent data point to tissue-specific EC specialization as well as heterogeneity; however, it remains unclear how ECs acquire these properties. Here, by combining live-imaging-based lineage-tracing and single-cell transcriptomics in zebrafish embryos, we identify an unexpected origin for part of the vascular HSPC niche. We find that islet1 (isl1)-expressing cells are the progenitors of the venous ECs that constitute the majority of the HSPC niche. These isl1-expressing cells surprisingly originate from the endoderm and differentiate into ECs in a process dependent on Bmp-Smad signaling and subsequently requiring npas4l (cloche) function. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses show that isl1-derived ECs express a set of genes that reflect their distinct origin. This study demonstrates that endothelial specialization in the HSPC niche is determined at least in part by the origin of the ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ayano Chiba
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Hajime Fukui
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sako
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Moe Fukumoto
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Kenny Mattonet
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Hyouk-Bum Kwon
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Subhra P Hui
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Gergana D Dobreva
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Kazu Kikuchi
- Department of Cardiac Regeneration Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Christian S M Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany; Philipps-University Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Signaling and Dynamics, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany.
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
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114
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Ribatti D, Ligresti G, Nicosia RF. Kidney endothelial cell heterogeneity, angiocrine activity and paracrine regulatory mechanisms. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 148:107139. [PMID: 36539108 PMCID: PMC10828957 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The blood microvascular endothelium consists of a heterogeneous population of cells with regionally distinct morphologies and transcriptional signatures in different tissues and organs. In addition to providing an anti-thrombogenic surface for blood flow, endothelial cells perform a multitude of additional regulatory tasks involving organogenesis, metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, repair and organ homeostasis. To communicate with surrounding cells and accomplish their many functions, endothelial cells secrete angiocrine factors including growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, extracellular matrix components, and proteolytic enzymes. Nonendothelial parenchymal and stromal cells in turn regulate endothelial growth, differentiation and survival during embryonal development and in the adult by paracrine mechanisms. Driven by advances in molecular biology, animal genetics, single cell transcriptomics and microscopic imaging, knowledge of organotypic vasculatures has expanded rapidly in recent years. The kidney vasculature, in particular, has been the focus of intensive investigation and represents a primary example of how endothelial heterogeneity and crosstalk with nonendothelial cells contribute to the development and function of a vital organ. In this paper, we review the morphology, function, and development of the kidney vasculature, with an emphasis on blood microvascular endothelial heterogeneity, and provide examples of endothelial and nonendothelial-derived factors that are critically involved in kidney development, growth, response to injury, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze e Organi di Senso (SMBNOS), Universita' degli Studi Aldo Moro, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, - Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Box 356100, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
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115
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Rigual MDM, Sánchez Sánchez P, Djouder N. Is liver regeneration key in hepatocellular carcinoma development? Trends Cancer 2023; 9:140-157. [PMID: 36347768 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the largest organ of the mammalian body and has the remarkable ability to fully regenerate in order to maintain tissue homeostasis. The adult liver consists of hexagonal lobules, each with a central vein surrounded by six portal triads localized in the lobule border containing distinct parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells. Because the liver is continuously exposed to diverse stress signals, several sophisticated regenerative processes exist to restore its functional status following impairment. However, these stress signals can affect the liver's capacity to regenerate and may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most aggressive liver cancers. Here, we review the mechanisms of hepatic regeneration and their potential to influence HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Mar Rigual
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid, ES-28029, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez Sánchez
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid, ES-28029, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid, ES-28029, Spain.
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116
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Li Z, Ruan C, Niu X. Collagen-based bioinks for regenerative medicine: Fabrication, application and prospective. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2023.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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117
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Hasan SS, Fischer A. Notch Signaling in the Vasculature: Angiogenesis and Angiocrine Functions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:cshperspect.a041166. [PMID: 35667708 PMCID: PMC9899647 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Formation of a functional blood vessel network is a complex process tightly controlled by pro- and antiangiogenic signals released within the local microenvironment or delivered through the bloodstream. Endothelial cells precisely integrate such temporal and spatial changes in extracellular signals and generate an orchestrated response by modulating signaling transduction, gene expression, and metabolism. A key regulator in vessel formation is Notch signaling, which controls endothelial cell specification, proliferation, migration, adhesion, and arteriovenous differentiation. This review summarizes the molecular biology of endothelial Notch signaling and how it controls angiogenesis and maintenance of the established, quiescent vasculature. In addition, recent progress in the understanding of Notch signaling in endothelial cells for controlling organ homeostasis by transcriptional regulation of angiocrine factors and its relevance to disease will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana S Hasan
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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118
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Differential angiogenesis of bone and muscle endothelium in aging and inflammatory processes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:126. [PMID: 36721025 PMCID: PMC9889796 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Different tissues have different endothelial features, however, the implications of this heterogeneity in pathological responses are not clear yet. "Inflamm-aging" has been hypothesized as a possible trigger of diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA) and sarcopenia, often present in the same patient. To highlight a possible contribution of organ-specific endothelial cells (ECs), we compare ECs derived from bone and skeletal muscle of the same OA patients. OA bone ECs show a pro-inflammatory signature and higher angiogenic sprouting as compared to muscle ECs, in control conditions and stimulated with TNFα. Furthermore, growth of muscle but not bone ECs decreases with increasing patient age and systemic inflammation. Overall, our data demonstrate that inflammatory conditions in OA patients differently affect bone and muscle ECs, suggesting that inflammatory processes increase angiogenesis in subchondral bone while associated systemic low-grade inflammation impairs angiogenesis in muscle, possibly highlighting a vascular trigger linking OA and sarcopenia.
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119
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Li J, Chen X, Ren L, Chen X, Wu T, Wang Y, Ren X, Cheng B, Xia J. Type H vessel/platelet-derived growth factor receptor β + perivascular cell disintegration is involved in vascular injury and bone loss in radiation-induced bone damage. Cell Prolif 2023:e13406. [PMID: 36694343 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Collapse of the microvascular system is a prerequisite for radiation-induced bone loss. Since type H vessels, a specific bone vessel subtype surrounded by platelet-derived growth factor receptor β+ (PDGFRβ+ ) perivascular cells (PVCs), has been recently identified to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis, we hypothesize that type H vessel injury initiates PDGFRβ+ PVC dysfunction, which contributes to the abnormal angiogenesis and osteogenesis after irradiation. In this study, we found that radiation led to the decrease of both type H endothelial cell (EC) and PDGFRβ+ PVC numbers. Remarkably, results from lineage tracing showed that PDGFRβ+ PVCs detached from microvessels and converted the lineage commitment from osteoblasts to adipocytes, leading to vascular injury and bone loss after irradiation. These phenotype transitions above were further verified to be associated with the decrease in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signalling between type H ECs and PDGFRβ+ PVCs. Pharmacological blockade of HIF-1α/PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signalling induced a phenotype similar to radiation-induced bone damage, while the rescue of this signalling significantly alleviated radiation-induced bone injury. Our findings show that the decrease in HIF-1α/PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signalling between type H ECs and PDGFRβ+ PVCs after irradiation affects the homeostasis of EC-PVC coupling and plays a part in vascular damage and bone loss, which has broad implications for effective translational therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijuan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyue Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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120
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Kort-Mascort J, Flores-Torres S, Peza-Chavez O, Jang JH, Pardo LA, Tran SD, Kinsella J. Decellularized ECM hydrogels: prior use considerations, applications, and opportunities in tissue engineering and biofabrication. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:400-431. [PMID: 36484344 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Tissue development, wound healing, pathogenesis, regeneration, and homeostasis rely upon coordinated and dynamic spatial and temporal remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. ECM reorganization and normal physiological tissue function, require the establishment and maintenance of biological, chemical, and mechanical feedback mechanisms directed by cell-matrix interactions. To replicate the physical and biological environment provided by the ECM in vivo, methods have been developed to decellularize and solubilize tissues which yield organ and tissue-specific bioactive hydrogels. While these biomaterials retain several important traits of the native ECM, the decellularizing process, and subsequent sterilization, and solubilization result in fragmented, cleaved, or partially denatured macromolecules. The final product has decreased viscosity, moduli, and yield strength, when compared to the source tissue, limiting the compatibility of isolated decellularized ECM (dECM) hydrogels with fabrication methods such as extrusion bioprinting. This review describes the physical and bioactive characteristics of dECM hydrogels and their role as biomaterials for biofabrication. In this work, critical variables when selecting the appropriate tissue source and extraction methods are identified. Common manual and automated fabrication techniques compatible with dECM hydrogels are described and compared. Fabrication and post-manufacturing challenges presented by the dECM hydrogels decreased mechanical and structural stability are discussed as well as circumvention strategies. We further highlight and provide examples of the use of dECM hydrogels in tissue engineering and their role in fabricating complex in vitro 3D microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Omar Peza-Chavez
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Joyce H Jang
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph Kinsella
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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121
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ZENG W, SONG Y, WANG R, HE R, WANG T. Neutrophil elastase: From mechanisms to therapeutic potential. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:355-366. [PMID: 37181292 PMCID: PMC10173178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE), a major protease in the primary granules of neutrophils, is involved in microbicidal activity. NE is an important factor promoting inflammation, has bactericidal effects, and shortens the inflammatory process. NE also regulates tumor growth by promoting metastasis and tumor microenvironment remodeling. However, NE plays a role in killing tumors under certain conditions and promotes other diseases such as pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Additionally, it plays a complex role in various physiological processes and mediates several diseases. Sivelestat, a specific NE inhibitor, has strong potential for clinical application, particularly in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review discusses the pathophysiological processes associated with NE and the potential clinical applications of sivelestat.
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122
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Wang Z, Xiang L, Lin F, Tang Y, Cui W. 3D bioprinting of emulating homeostasis regulation for regenerative medicine applications. J Control Release 2023; 353:147-165. [PMID: 36423869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis is the most fundamental mechanism of physiological processes, occurring simultaneously as the production and outcomes of pathological procedures. Accompanied by manufacture and maturation of intricate and highly hierarchical architecture obtained from 3D bioprinting (three-dimension bioprinting), homeostasis has substantially determined the quality of printed tissues and organs. Instead of only shape imitation that has been the remarkable advances, fabrication for functionality to make artificial tissues and organs that act as real ones in vivo has been accepted as the optimized strategy in 3D bioprinting for the next several years. Herein, this review aims to provide not only an overview of 3D bioprinting, but also the main strategies used for homeostasis bioprinting. This paper briefly introduces the principles of 3D bioprinting system applied in homeostasis regulations firstly, and then summarizes the specific strategies and potential trend of homeostasis regulations using multiple types of stimuli-response biomaterials to maintain auto regulation, specifically displaying a brilliant prospect in hormone regulation of homeostasis with the most recently outbreak of vasculature fabrication. Finally, we discuss challenges and future prospects of homeostasis fabrication based on 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine, hoping to further inspire the development of functional fabrication in 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Yunkai Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
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123
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Cheng X, Xie Q, Sun Y. Advances in nanomaterial-based targeted drug delivery systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1177151. [PMID: 37122851 PMCID: PMC10133513 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1177151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems (NBDDS) are widely used to improve the safety and therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated drugs due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. By combining therapeutic drugs with nanoparticles using rational targeting pathways, nano-targeted delivery systems were created to overcome the main drawbacks of conventional drug treatment, including insufficient stability and solubility, lack of transmembrane transport, short circulation time, and undesirable toxic effects. Herein, we reviewed the recent developments in different targeting design strategies and therapeutic approaches employing various nanomaterial-based systems. We also discussed the challenges and perspectives of smart systems in precisely targeting different intravascular and extravascular diseases.
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124
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Cooke JP, Lai L. Role of angiogenic transdifferentiation in vascular recovery. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1155835. [PMID: 37200975 PMCID: PMC10187761 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1155835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue repair requires the orchestration of multiple processes involving a multiplicity of cellular effectors, signaling pathways, and cell-cell communication. The regeneration of the vasculature is a critical process for tissue repair and involves angiogenesis, adult vasculogenesis, and often arteriogenesis, which processes enable recovery of perfusion to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the repair or rebuild of the tissue. Endothelial cells play a major role in angiogenesis, whereas circulating angiogenic cells (primarily of hematopoietic origin) participate in adult vasculogenesis, and monocytes/macrophages have a defining role in the vascular remodeling that is necessary for arteriogenesis. Tissue fibroblasts participate in tissue repair by proliferating and generating the extracellular matrix as the structural scaffold for tissue regeneration. Heretofore, fibroblasts were not generally believed to be involved in vascular regeneration. However, we provide new data indicating that fibroblasts may undergo angiogenic transdifferentiation, to directly expand the microvasculature. Transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to endothelial cells is initiated by inflammatory signaling which increases DNA accessibility and cellular plasticity. In the environment of under-perfused tissue, the activated fibroblasts with increased DNA accessibility can now respond to angiogenic cytokines, which provide the transcriptional direction to induce fibroblasts to become endothelial cells. Periphery artery disease (PAD) involves the dysregulation of vascular repair and inflammation. Understanding the relationship between inflammation, transdifferentiation, and vascular regeneration may lead to a new therapeutic approach to PAD.
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125
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Shen N, Maggio M, Woods I, C. Lowry M, Almasri R, Gorgun C, Eichholz K, Stavenschi E, Hokamp K, Roche F, O’Driscoll L, Hoey D. Mechanically activated mesenchymal-derived bone cells drive vessel formation via an extracellular vesicle mediated mechanism. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231186918. [PMID: 37654438 PMCID: PMC10467237 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231186918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel formation is an important initial step for bone formation during development as well as during remodelling and repair in the adult skeleton. This results in a heavily vascularized tissue where endothelial cells and skeletal cells are constantly in crosstalk to facilitate homeostasis, a process that is mediated by numerous environmental signals, including mechanical loading. Breakdown in this communication can lead to disease and/or poor fracture repair. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the role of mature bone cells in regulating angiogenesis, how this is influenced by a dynamic mechanical environment, and understand the mechanism by which this could occur. Herein, we demonstrate that both osteoblasts and osteocytes coordinate endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and blood vessel formation via a mechanically dependent paracrine mechanism. Moreover, we identified that this process is mediated via the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), as isolated EVs from mechanically stimulated bone cells elicited the same response as seen with the full secretome, while the EV-depleted secretome did not elicit any effect. Despite mechanically activated bone cell-derived EVs (MA-EVs) driving a similar response to VEGF treatment, MA-EVs contain minimal quantities of this angiogenic factor. Lastly, a miRNA screen identified mechanoresponsive miRNAs packaged within MA-EVs which are linked with angiogenesis. Taken together, this study has highlighted an important mechanism in osteogenic-angiogenic coupling in bone and has identified the mechanically activated bone cell-derived EVs as a therapeutic to promote angiogenesis and potentially bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Shen
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M. Maggio
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - I. Woods
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M. C. Lowry
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R. Almasri
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C. Gorgun
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K.F. Eichholz
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E. Stavenschi
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K. Hokamp
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F.M. Roche
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L. O’Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D.A. Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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126
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Takara K, Hayashi-Okada Y, Kidoya H. Neurovascular Interactions in the Development of the Vasculature. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010042. [PMID: 36675991 PMCID: PMC9862680 DOI: 10.3390/life13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrates have developed a network of blood vessels and nerves throughout the body that enables them to perform complex higher-order functions and maintain homeostasis. The 16th-century anatomical text 'De humani corporis fabrica' describes the networks of blood vessels and nerves as having a branching pattern in which they are closely aligned and run parallel one to another. This close interaction between adjacent blood vessels and nerves is essential not only for organogenesis during development and repair at the time of tissue damage but also for homeostasis and functional expression of blood vessels and nerves. Furthermore, it is now evident that disruptions in neurovascular interactions contribute to the progression of various diseases including cancer. Therefore, we highlight recent advances in vascular biology research, with a particular emphasis on neurovascular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Takara
- Department of Integrative Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
- Tenure-Track Program for Innovative Research, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yumiko Hayashi-Okada
- Department of Integrative Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kidoya
- Department of Integrative Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-776-61-8286
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127
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Reoxygenation Modulates the Adverse Effects of Hypoxia on Wound Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415832. [PMID: 36555485 PMCID: PMC9781139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major stressor and a prominent feature of pathological conditions, such as bacterial infections, inflammation, wounds, and cardiovascular defects. In this study, we investigated whether reoxygenation has a protective effect against hypoxia-induced acute injury and burn using the C57BL/6 mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to hypoxia and treated with both acute and burn injuries and were in hypoxia until wound healing. Next, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to hypoxia for three days and then transferred to normoxic conditions for reoxygenation until wound healing. Finally, skin wound tissue was collected to analyze healing-related markers, such as inflammation, vascularization, and collagen. Hypoxia significantly increased inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased vascular and collagen production, and reoxygenation notably attenuated hypoxia-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells, upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6 and TNF-α) in the wound, and remission of inflammation in the wound. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that reoxygenation increased the expression of the angiogenic factor α-SMA and decreased ROS expression in burn tissues compared to hypoxia-treated animals. Moreover, further analysis by qPCR showed that reoxygenation could alleviate the expression of hypoxic-induced inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF), increase angiogenesis (SMA) and collagen synthesis (Col I), and thus promote wound healing. It is suggested that oxygen can be further evaluated in combination with oxygen-releasing materials as a supplementary therapy for patients with chronic hypoxic wounds.
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128
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Fatty Acid Metabolism in Endothelial Cell. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122301. [PMID: 36553568 PMCID: PMC9777652 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is a monolayer of cells lining the inner blood vessels. Endothelial cells (ECs) play indispensable roles in angiogenesis, homeostasis, and immune response under normal physiological conditions, and their dysfunction is closely associated with pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases. Abnormal EC metabolism, especially dysfunctional fatty acid (FA) metabolism, contributes to the development of many diseases including pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this review, we focus on discussing the latest advances in FA metabolism in ECs under normal and pathological conditions with an emphasis on PH. We also highlight areas of research that warrant further investigation.
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129
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Alsina-Sanchis E, Mülfarth R, Moll I, Böhn S, Wiedmann L, Jordana-Urriza L, Ziegelbauer T, Zimmer E, Taylor J, De Angelis Rigotti F, Stögbauer A, Giaimo BD, Cerwenka A, Borggrefe T, Fischer A, Rodriguez-Vita J. Endothelial RBPJ Is Essential for the Education of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4414-4428. [PMID: 36200806 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic cancers worldwide. EOC cells educate tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) through CD44-mediated cholesterol depletion to generate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, tumor cells frequently activate Notch1 receptors on endothelial cells (EC) to facilitate metastasis. However, further work is required to establish whether the endothelium also influences the education of recruited monocytes. Here, we report that canonical Notch signaling through RBPJ in ECs is an important player in the education of TAMs and EOC progression. Deletion of Rbpj in the endothelium of adult mice reduced infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages into the TME of EOC and prevented the acquisition of a typical TAM gene signature; this was associated with stronger cytotoxic activity of T cells and decreased tumor burden. Mechanistically, CXCL2 was identified as a novel Notch/RBPJ target gene that regulated the expression of CD44 on monocytes and subsequent cholesterol depletion of TAMs. Bioinformatic analysis of ovarian cancer patient data showed that increased CXCL2 expression is accompanied by higher expression of CD44 and TAM education. Together, these findings indicate that EOC cells induce the tumor endothelium to secrete CXCL2 to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE Endothelial Notch signaling favors immunosuppression by increasing CXCL2 secretion to stimulate CD44 expression in macrophages, facilitating their education by tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisenda Alsina-Sanchis
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ronja Mülfarth
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Böhn
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Wiedmann
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorea Jordana-Urriza
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tara Ziegelbauer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eleni Zimmer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Taylor
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca De Angelis Rigotti
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Tumour-Stroma Communication Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrian Stögbauer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany Tissue
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juan Rodriguez-Vita
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Tumour-Stroma Communication Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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130
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Burkhanova U, Harris A, Leir SH. Enhancement of airway epithelial cell differentiation by pulmonary endothelial cell co-culture. Stem Cell Res 2022; 65:102967. [PMID: 36395690 PMCID: PMC9790179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between lung epithelial cells and their microenvironment has an important physiological role in development. Using an in vitro model of differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to air-liquid interface (ALI)-cultured lung epithelial cells, we investigated the contribution of the microenvironment to maintenance of the lung progenitor cell state. Our protocol modeled in vivo cell-to-matrix and cell-to-cell interactions. These included growth of iPSCs on inserts coated with different basement membrane proteins (collagen I, IV, fibronectin, heparan sulfate or Matrigel plus collagen IV) and co-culture with human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). Marker gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR and protein expression and localization was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The results showed that iPSCs grown on collagen IV had the highest success rate in terms of differentiation to robust ALI-cultured lung epithelial cells, followed by fibronectin, collagen I and heparan sulfate. Coating with Matrigel mixed with collagen IV further increased the success rate to > 97 %. Co-culture of iPSCs with HPMECs enhanced the expression of key airway lineage markers (NKX2.1, KRT5, TP63, MUC5AC, MUC16, FOXJ1, CFTR and SCGB1A1) during ALI culture. Cross-talk between iPSCs and their microenvironment during cell differentiation had a significant effect on lung epithelial cell differentiation in these 3D in vitro models. Both matrix proteins and endothelial cells play critical roles in the differentiation of lung progenitor cells.
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131
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Adnani L, Spinelli C, Tawil N, Rak J. Role of extracellular vesicles in cancer-specific interactions between tumour cells and the vasculature. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:196-213. [PMID: 36371024 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression impacts and exploits the vascular system in several highly consequential ways. Among different types of vascular cells, blood cells and mediators that are engaged in these processes, endothelial cells are at the centre of the underlying circuitry, as crucial constituents of angiogenesis, angiocrine stimulation, non-angiogenic vascular growth, interactions with the coagulation system and other responses. Tumour-vascular interactions involve soluble factors, extracellular matrix molecules, cell-cell contacts, as well as extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying assemblies of molecular effectors. Oncogenic mutations and transforming changes in the cancer cell genome, epigenome and signalling circuitry exert important and often cancer-specific influences upon pathways of tumour-vascular interactions, including the biogenesis, content, and biological activity of EVs and responses of cancer cells to them. Notably, EVs may carry and transfer bioactive, oncogenic macromolecules (oncoproteins, RNA, DNA) between tumour and vascular cells and thereby elicit unique functional changes and forms of vascular growth and remodeling. Cancer EVs influence the state of the vasculature both locally and systemically, as exemplified by cancer-associated thrombosis. EV-mediated communication pathways represent attractive targets for therapies aiming at modulation of the tumour-vascular interface (beyond angiogenesis) and could also be exploited for diagnostic purposes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Adnani
- McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada
| | - Cristiana Spinelli
- McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada
| | - Nadim Tawil
- McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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132
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Sharma GP, Himburg HA. Organ-Specific Endothelial Dysfunction Following Total Body Irradiation Exposure. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120747. [PMID: 36548580 PMCID: PMC9781710 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As the single cell lining of the heart and all blood vessels, the vascular endothelium serves a critical role in maintaining homeostasis via control of vascular tone, immune cell recruitment, and macromolecular transit. For victims of acute high-dose radiation exposure, damage to the vascular endothelium may exacerbate the pathogenesis of acute and delayed multi-organ radiation toxicities. While commonalities exist between radiation-induced endothelial dysfunction in radiosensitive organs, the vascular endothelium is known to be highly heterogeneous as it is required to serve tissue and organ specific roles. In keeping with its organ and tissue specific functionality, the molecular and cellular response of the endothelium to radiation injury varies by organ. Therefore, in the development of medical countermeasures for multi-organ injury, it is necessary to consider organ and tissue-specific endothelial responses to both injury and candidate mitigators. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction following total or near total body irradiation exposure at the level of individual radiosensitive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru Prasad Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Heather A. Himburg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(414)-955-4676
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133
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Curtis MB, Kelly N, Hughes CCW, George SC. Organotypic stromal cells impact endothelial cell transcriptome in 3D microvessel networks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20434. [PMID: 36443378 PMCID: PMC9705391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells line all major blood vessels and serve as integral regulators of many functions including vessel diameter, cellular trafficking, and transport of soluble mediators. Despite similar functions, the phenotype of endothelial cells is highly organ-specific, yet our understanding of the mechanisms leading to organ-level differentiation is incomplete. We generated 3D microvessel networks by combining a common naïve endothelial cell with six different stromal cells derived from the lung, skin, heart, bone marrow, pancreas, and pancreatic cancer. Single cell RNA-Seq analysis of the microvessel networks reveals five distinct endothelial cell populations, for which the relative proportion depends on the stromal cell population. Morphologic features of the organotypic vessel networks inversely correlate with a cluster of endothelial cells associated with protein synthesis. The organotypic stromal cells were each characterized by a unique subpopulation of cells dedicated to extracellular matrix organization and assembly. Finally, compared to cells in 2D monolayer, the endothelial cell transcriptome from the 3D in vitro heart, skin, lung, and pancreas microvessel networks are more similar to the in vivo endothelial cells from the respective organs. We conclude that stromal cells contribute to endothelial cell and microvessel network organ tropism, and create an endothelial cell phenotype that more closely resembles that present in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Curtis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Room 2315, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Natalie Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Room 2315, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Room 2315, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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134
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iPSC Technology: An Innovative Tool for Developing Clean Meat, Livestock, and Frozen Ark. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223187. [PMID: 36428414 PMCID: PMC9686897 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is an emerging technique to reprogram somatic cells into iPSCs that have revolutionary benefits in the fields of drug discovery, cellular therapy, and personalized medicine. However, these applications are just the tip of an iceberg. Recently, iPSC technology has been shown to be useful in not only conserving the endangered species, but also the revival of extinct species. With increasing consumer reliance on animal products, combined with an ever-growing population, there is a necessity to develop alternative approaches to conventional farming practices. One such approach involves the development of domestic farm animal iPSCs. This approach provides several benefits in the form of reduced animal death, pasture degradation, water consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, it is essentially an environmentally-friendly alternative to conventional farming. Additionally, this approach ensures decreased zoonotic outbreaks and a constant food supply. Here, we discuss the iPSC technology in the form of a "Frozen Ark", along with its potential impact on spreading awareness of factory farming, foodborne disease, and the ecological footprint of the meat industry.
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135
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Gelat B, Rathaur P, Malaviya P, Patel B, Trivedi K, Johar K, Gelat R. The intervention of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in homeostasis of human retinal pigment epithelial cells: a review. J Histotechnol 2022; 45:148-160. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2022.2137665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Gelat
- Department of Zoology, BMTC and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pooja Rathaur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Pooja Malaviya
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Binita Patel
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Krupali Trivedi
- Department of Zoology, BMTC and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kaid Johar
- Department of Zoology, BMTC and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rahul Gelat
- Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (ITRA), Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, India
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136
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High plasma soluble thrombomodulin levels indicated poor prognosis of decompensated liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 34:1140-1146. [PMID: 35946457 PMCID: PMC9528942 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic sinusoidal endothelial injury is a prominent characteristic of liver cirrhosis. We determined plasma soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) levels in cirrhosis patients to evaluate the relationship between vascular injury and long-term prognosis. METHODS A prospective single-center study was performed. The participants were followed up for every 6 months or until death or transplantation. A chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay was used to establish a baseline sTM. RESULTS Among the 219 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, 53.42% were caused by hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Plasma sTM levels were much higher in cirrhosis than in healthy controls and increased parallel with Child-Pugh classification ( P < 0.01) and the amount of ascites ( P = 0.04). After adjusting for sex, age, international normalized ratio, bilirubin, and other potential factors, multivariate Cox regression revealed that per TU/ml elevation of plasma sTM causes an increase of 8% in mortality, and per-SD elevation of thrombomodulin causes a 53% increase in mortality. As the mortality rates in low (5.90-12.60 TU/ml) and medium (12.70-18.00 TU/ml) sTM levels were similar, so we chose the cutoff of 18.00 TU/ml to divide into two groups, and K-M analysis indicated that patients with sTM >18.0 TU/ml demonstrated an additional 2.01 times death risk (95% CI, 1.13-7.93; P = 0.01) than those with sTM ≤18.0 TU/ml. CONCLUSION Plasma sTM in cirrhosis was significantly increased in parallel with the severity of liver dysfunction. sTM elevation than 18 TU/ml indicated a poor prognosis of decompensated liver cirrhosis.
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137
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Kung ML, Huang ST, Tsai KW, Chu TH, Hsieh S. Nanosized zingerone-triggered anti-angiogenesis contributes to tumor suppression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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138
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Kim HJ, Kim G, Chi KY, Kim JH. In Vitro Generation of Luminal Vasculature in Liver Organoids: From Basic Vascular Biology to Vascularized Hepatic Organoids. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 16:1-15. [PMID: 36310029 PMCID: PMC9978835 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver organoids have gained much attention in recent years for their potential applications to liver disease modeling and pharmacologic drug screening. Liver organoids produced in vitro reflect some aspects of the in vivo physiological and pathological conditions of the liver. However, the generation of liver organoids with perfusable luminal vasculature remains a major challenge, hindering precise and effective modeling of liver diseases. Furthermore, vascularization is required for large organoids or assembloids to closely mimic the complexity of tissue architecture without cell death in the core region. A few studies have successfully generated liver organoids with endothelial cell networks, but most of these vascular networks produced luminal structures after being transplanted into tissues of host animals. Therefore, formation of luminal vasculature is an unmet need to overcome the limitation of liver organoids as an in vitro model investigating different acute and chronic liver diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the unique features of hepatic vasculature under pathophysiological conditions and summarize the biochemical and biophysical cues that drive vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro. We also highlight recent progress in generating vascularized liver organoids in vitro and discuss potential strategies that may enable the generation of perfusable luminal vasculature in liver organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeongmin Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyun Yoo Chi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea,Correspondence to Jong-Hoon Kim, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea, Tel: +82-2-3290-3007, Fax: +82-2-3290-3040, E-mail:
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139
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Perez-Gutierrez L, Li P, Ferrara N. Endothelial cell diversity: the many facets of the crystal. FEBS J 2022. [PMID: 36266750 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner lining of blood vessels and play crucial roles in angiogenesis. While it has been known for a long time that there are considerable differences among ECs from lymphatic and blood vessels, as well as among arteries, veins and capillaries, the full repertoire of endothelial diversity is only beginning to be elucidated. It has become apparent that the role of ECs is not just limited to their exchange functions. Indeed, a multitude of organ-specific functions, including release of growth factors, regulation of immune functions, have been linked to ECs. Recent years have seen a surge into the identification of spatiotemporal molecular and functional heterogeneity of ECs, supported by technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), lineage tracing and intersectional genetics. Together, these techniques have spurred the generation of epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic signatures of ECs. It is now clear that ECs across organs and in different vascular beds, but even within the same vessel, have unique molecular identities and employ specialized molecular mechanisms to fulfil highly specialized needs. Here, we focus on the molecular heterogeneity of the endothelium in different organs and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perez-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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140
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Fang J, Zhang Y, Chen D, Zheng Y, Jiang J. Exosomes and Exosomal Cargos: A Promising World for Ventricular Remodeling Following Myocardial Infarction. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4699-4719. [PMID: 36217495 PMCID: PMC9547598 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a pluripotent group of extracellular nanovesicles secreted by all cells that mediate intercellular communications. The effective information within exosomes is primarily reflected in exosomal cargos, including proteins, lipids, DNAs, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), the most intensively studied molecules. Cardiac resident cells (cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells) and foreign cells (infiltrated immune cells, cardiac progenitor cells, cardiosphere-derived cells, and mesenchymal stem cells) are involved in the progress of ventricular remodeling (VR) following myocardial infarction (MI) via transferring exosomes into target cells. Here, we summarize the pathological mechanisms of VR following MI, including cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, pyroptosis, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, and metabolic disorders, and the roles of exosomal cargos in these processes, with a focus on proteins and ncRNAs. Continued research in this field reveals a novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Delong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyue Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jun Jiang, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 135 8870 6891, Email
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141
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S1PR1 serves as a viable drug target against pulmonary fibrosis by increasing the integrity of the endothelial barrier of the lung. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1110-1127. [PMID: 36970190 PMCID: PMC10031262 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with unclear etiology and limited treatment options. The median survival time for IPF patients is approximately 2-3 years and there is no effective intervention to treat IPF other than lung transplantation. As important components of lung tissue, endothelial cells (ECs) are associated with pulmonary diseases. However, the role of endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is incompletely understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in lung ECs. Its expression is markedly reduced in patients with IPF. Herein, we generated an endothelial-conditional S1pr1 knockout mouse model which exhibited inflammation and fibrosis with or without bleomycin (BLM) challenge. Selective activation of S1PR1 with an S1PR1 agonist, IMMH002, exerted a potent therapeutic effect in mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis by protecting the integrity of the endothelial barrier. These results suggest that S1PR1 might be a promising drug target for IPF therapy.
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142
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Gomez-Salinero JM, Itkin T, Houghton S, Badwe C, Lin Y, Kalna V, Dufton N, Peghaire CR, Yokoyama M, Wingo M, Lu TM, Li G, Xiang JZ, Hsu YMS, Redmond D, Schreiner R, Birdsey GM, Randi AM, Rafii S. Cooperative ETS Transcription Factors Enforce Adult Endothelial Cell Fate and Cardiovascular Homeostasis. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:882-899. [PMID: 36713285 PMCID: PMC7614113 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Current dogma dictates that during adulthood, endothelial cells (ECs) are locked in an immutable stable homeostatic state. By contrast, herein we show that maintenance of EC fate and function are linked and active processes, which depend on the constitutive cooperativity of only two ETS-transcription factors (TFs) ERG and Fli1. While deletion of either Fli1 or ERG manifest subtle vascular dysfunction, their combined genetic deletion in adult EC results in acute vasculopathy and multiorgan failure, due to loss of EC fate and integrity, hyperinflammation, and spontaneous thrombosis, leading to death. ERG and Fli1 co-deficiency cause rapid transcriptional silencing of pan- and organotypic vascular core genes, with dysregulation of inflammation and coagulation pathways. Vascular hyperinflammation leads to impaired hematopoiesis with myeloid skewing. Accordingly, enforced ERG and FLI1 expression in adult human mesenchymal stromal cells activates vascular programs and functionality enabling engraftment of perfusable vascular network. GWAS-analysis identified vascular diseases are associated with FLI1/Erg mutations. Constitutive expression of ERG and Fli1 uphold EC fate, physiological function, and resilience in adult vasculature; while their functional loss can contribute to systemic human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus M Gomez-Salinero
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Tomer Itkin
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Sean Houghton
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Chaitanya Badwe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Viktoria Kalna
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Human Genetics and Computational Biology GSK, UK (current address)
| | - Neil Dufton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Centre, UK (current address)
| | - Claire R Peghaire
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (current address)
| | - Masataka Yokoyama
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Wingo
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Tyler M. Lu
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | - Yen-Michael Sheng Hsu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (current address)
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (current address)
| | - David Redmond
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Schreiner
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Graeme M Birdsey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna M Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
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143
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Chen Y, Ding BS. Comprehensive Review of the Vascular Niche in Regulating Organ Regeneration and Fibrosis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1135-1142. [PMID: 36169406 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasculature occupies a large area of the body, and none of the physiological activities can be carried out without blood vessels. Blood vessels are not just passive conduits and barriers for delivering blood and nutrients. Meanwhile, endothelial cells covering the vascular lumen establish vascular niches by deploying some growth factors, known as angiocrine factors, and actively participate in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes, such as organ regeneration and fibrosis and the occurrence and development of cancer. After organ injury, vascular endothelial cells regulate the repair process by secreting various angiocrine factors, triggering the proliferation and differentiation process of stem cells. Therefore, analyzing the vascular niche and exploring the factors that maintain vascular homeostasis can provide strong theoretical support for clinical treatment targeting blood vessels. Here we mainly discuss the regulatory mechanisms of the vascular niche in organ regeneration and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Chen
- The Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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144
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Lehmann GL, Ginsberg M, Nolan DJ, Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J, Zeng S, Voigt AP, Mullins RF, Rafii S, Rodriguez-Boulan E, Benedicto I. Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Secreted VEGF-A Induces Alpha-2-Macroglobulin Expression in Endothelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:2975. [PMID: 36230937 PMCID: PMC9564307 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) is a protease inhibitor that regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) stability and turnover. Here, we show that A2M is expressed by endothelial cells (ECs) from human eye choroid. We demonstrate that retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-conditioned medium induces A2M expression specifically in ECs. Experiments using chemical inhibitors, blocking antibodies, and recombinant proteins revealed a key role of VEGF-A in RPE-mediated A2M induction in ECs. Furthermore, incubation of ECs with RPE-conditioned medium reduces matrix metalloproteinase-2 gelatinase activity of culture supernatants, which is partially restored after A2M knockdown in ECs. We propose that dysfunctional RPE or choroidal blood vessels, as observed in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, may disrupt the crosstalk mechanism we describe here leading to alterations in the homeostasis of choroidal ECM, Bruch's membrane and visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo L. Lehmann
- Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shemin Zeng
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Andrew P. Voigt
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Robert F. Mullins
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Enrique Rodriguez-Boulan
- Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ignacio Benedicto
- Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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145
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Wüst R, Terrie L, Müntefering T, Ruck T, Thorrez L. Efficient co-isolation of microvascular endothelial cells and satellite cell-derived myoblasts from human skeletal muscle. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:964705. [PMID: 36213083 PMCID: PMC9534561 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.964705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs remains a key challenge in the field of skeletal muscle tissue engineering. One strategy for vascularizing organoids is in vitro pre-vascularization, relying on de novo assembly of undifferentiated endothelial cells into capillaries, a process termed vasculogenesis. In most endothelial cell research to date, human umbilical vein endothelial cells have been used primarily because of their availability. Nevertheless, this endothelial cell type is naturally not occurring in skeletal muscle tissue. Since endothelial cells display a tissue-specific phenotype, it is of interest to use muscle-specific microvascular endothelial cells to study pre-vascularization in skeletal muscle tissue engineering research. Thus far, tissue biopsies had to be processed in two separate protocols to obtain cells from the myogenic and the endothelial compartment. Here, we describe a novel, detailed protocol for the co-isolation of human skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells and satellite cell-derived myoblasts. It incorporates an automated mechanical and enzymatic tissue dissociation followed by magnetically activated cell sorting based on a combination of endothelial and skeletal muscle cell markers. Qualitative, quantitative, and functional characterization of the obtained cells is described and demonstrated by representative results. The simultaneous isolation of both cell types from the same donor is advantageous in terms of time efficiency. In addition, it may be the only possible method to isolate both cell types as the amount of tissue biopsy is often limited. The isolation of the two cell types is crucial for further studies to elucidate cell crosstalk in health and disease. Furthermore, the use of muscle-specific microvascular endothelial cells allows a shift towards engineering more physiologically relevant functional tissue, with downstream applications including drug screening and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wüst
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Dep. Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Lisanne Terrie
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Dep. Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Thomas Müntefering
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lieven Thorrez
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Dep. Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Lieven Thorrez,
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146
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The adventitia in arterial development, remodeling, and hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115259. [PMID: 36150432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The adventitia receives input signals from the vessel wall, the immune system, perivascular nerves and from surrounding tissues to generate effector responses that regulate structural and mechanical properties of blood vessels. It is a complex and dynamic tissue that orchestrates multiple functions for vascular development, homeostasis, repair, and disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in our understanding of the origins, phenotypes, and functions of adventitial and perivascular cells with particular emphasis on hypertensive vascular remodeling.
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147
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Angiocrine extracellular vesicles impose mesenchymal reprogramming upon proneural glioma stem cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5494. [PMID: 36123372 PMCID: PMC9485157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable form of primary astrocytic brain tumor driven by glioma stem cell (GSC) compartment closely associated with the vascular niche. GSC phenotypes are heterogeneous and range from proneural to mesenchymal-like, the latter characterised by greater invasiveness. Here we document the secretory (angiocrine) role of endothelial cells and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as drivers of proneural-to-mesenchymal reprogramming of GSCs. These changes involve activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and NFκB, and inactivation of NOTCH, while altering responsiveness to chemotherapy and driving infiltrative growth in the brain. Our findings suggest that EV-mediated angiocrine interactions impact the nature of cellular stemness in GBM with implications for disease biology and therapy.
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148
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DeBenedittis P, Karpurapu A, Henry A, Thomas MC, McCord TJ, Brezitski K, Prasad A, Baker CE, Kobayashi Y, Shah SH, Kontos CD, Tata PR, Lumbers RT, Karra R. Coupled myovascular expansion directs cardiac growth and regeneration. Development 2022; 149:dev200654. [PMID: 36134690 PMCID: PMC10692274 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Heart regeneration requires multiple cell types to enable cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation. How these cells interact to create growth niches is unclear. Here, we profile proliferation kinetics of cardiac endothelial cells (CECs) and CMs in the neonatal mouse heart and find that they are spatiotemporally coupled. We show that coupled myovascular expansion during cardiac growth or regeneration is dependent upon VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling, as genetic deletion of Vegfr2 from CECs or inhibition of VEGFA abrogates both CEC and CM proliferation. Repair of cryoinjury displays poor spatial coupling of CEC and CM proliferation. Boosting CEC density after cryoinjury with virus encoding Vegfa enhances regeneration. Using Mendelian randomization, we demonstrate that circulating VEGFA levels are positively linked with human myocardial mass, suggesting that Vegfa can stimulate human cardiac growth. Our work demonstrates the importance of coupled CEC and CM expansion and reveals a myovascular niche that may be therapeutically targeted for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige DeBenedittis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anish Karpurapu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Albert Henry
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michael C. Thomas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Timothy J. McCord
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kyla Brezitski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anil Prasad
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Caroline E. Baker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Svati H. Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher D. Kontos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Aging, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - R. Thomas Lumbers
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ravi Karra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Aging, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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149
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Hou L, Zhang M, Liu L, Zhong Q, Xie M, Zhao G. Therapeutic Applications of Nanomedicine in Metabolic Diseases by Targeting the Endothelium. QJM 2022:6692319. [PMID: 36063067 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells not only constitute the barrier between the blood and interstitial space, but also actively regulate vascular tone, blood flow, and the function of adjacent parenchymal cells. The close anatomical relationship between endothelial cells and highly vascularized metabolic organs suggests that the crosstalk between these units is vital for systemic metabolic homeostasis. Here, we review recent studies about the pivotal role of endothelial cells in metabolic diseases. Specifically, we discuss how the dysfunction of endothelial cells directly contributes to the development of insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via communication with parenchymal cells. Furthermore, although many biological macromolecules have been shown to ameliorate the progression of metabolic diseases by improving endothelial function, the low solubility, poor bioavailability, or lack of specificity of these molecules limit their clinical application. Given the advantages in drug delivery of nanomedicine, we focus on summarizing the reports that improving endothelial dysfunction through nanomedicine-based therapies provides an opportunity for preventing metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Hou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Zhong
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiying Xie
- Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, 297 Guangshan First Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510520, China
| | - Guojun Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
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150
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Ma X, Li H, Zhu S, Hong Z, Kong W, Yuan Q, Wu R, Pan Z, Zhang J, Chen Y, Wang X, Wang K. Angiorganoid: vitalizing the organoid with blood vessels. VASCULAR BIOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 4:R44-R57. [PMID: 35994010 PMCID: PMC9513648 DOI: 10.1530/vb-22-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the organoid simulates the native organs and this mini organ offers an excellent platform for probing multicellular interaction, disease modeling and drug discovery. Blood vessels constitute the instructive vascular niche which is indispensable for organ development, function and regeneration. Therefore, it is expected that the introduction of infiltrated blood vessels into the organoid might further pump vitality and credibility into the system. While the field is emerging and growing with new concepts and methodologies, this review aims at presenting various sources of vascular ingredients for constructing vascularized organoids and the paired methodology including de- and recellularization, bioprinting and microfluidics. Representative vascular organoids corresponding to specific tissues are also summarized and discussed to elaborate on the next generation of organoid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuntian Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Hong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qihang Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Runlong Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zihang Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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