101
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Song L, Ahmed MF, Li Y, Bejoy J, Zeng C, Li Y. PCL-PDMS-PCL Copolymer-Based Microspheres Mediate Cardiovascular Differentiation from Embryonic Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:627-640. [PMID: 28826352 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) based microspheres have received much attention as drug or growth factor delivery carriers and tissue engineering scaffolds due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable biophysical properties. In addition, PCL and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) can be fabricated into thermoresponsive shape memory polymers for various biomedical applications (e.g., smart sutures and vascular stents). However, the influence of biophysical properties of PCL-PDMS based microspheres on stem cell lineage commitment has not been well understood. In this study, PDMS was used as soft segments of varying length to tailor the elastic modulus of PCL-based copolymers. It was found that lower elastic modulus (<10 kPa) of the tri-block copolymer PCL-PDMS-PCL promoted vascular differentiation of embryonic stem cells, but the range of 60-100 MPa PCL-PDMS-PCL had little influence on cardiovascular differentiation. Then different sizes (30-140 μm) of PCL-PDMS-PCL microspheres were fabricated and incorporated with embryoid bodies (EBs). Differential expression of KDR, CD31, and VE-cadherin was observed for the EBs containing microspheres of different sizes. Higher expression of KDR was observed for the condition with small size of microspheres (32 μm), while higher CD31 and VE-cadherin expression was observed for the group of medium size of microspheres (94 μm). Little difference in cardiac marker α-actinin was observed for different microspheres. This study indicates that the biophysical properties of PCL-PDMS-PCL microspheres impact vascular lineage commitment and have implications for drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Song
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Mohammad Faisel Ahmed
- 2 Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Yan Li
- 2 Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida.,3 High-Performance Materials Institute (HPMI), Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Julie Bejoy
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Changchun Zeng
- 2 Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida.,3 High-Performance Materials Institute (HPMI), Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Yan Li
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
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102
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Galliot B, Crescenzi M, Jacinto A, Tajbakhsh S. Trends in tissue repair and regeneration. Development 2017; 144:357-364. [PMID: 28143842 DOI: 10.1242/dev.144279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 6th EMBO conference on the Molecular and Cellular Basis of Regeneration and Tissue Repair took place in Paestum (Italy) on the 17th-21st September, 2016. The 160 scientists who attended discussed the importance of cellular and tissue plasticity, biophysical aspects of regeneration, the diverse roles of injury-induced immune responses, strategies to reactivate regeneration in mammals, links between regeneration and ageing, and the impact of non-mammalian models on regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Galliot
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 04, Switzerland
| | - Marco Crescenzi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, National Institute of Health, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Jacinto
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cells & Development Unit, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
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103
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Verkerk AO, Veerman CC, Zegers JG, Mengarelli I, Bezzina CR, Wilders R. Patch-Clamp Recording from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Improving Action Potential Characteristics through Dynamic Clamp. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091873. [PMID: 28867785 PMCID: PMC5618522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) hold great promise for studying inherited cardiac arrhythmias and developing drug therapies to treat such arrhythmias. Unfortunately, until now, action potential (AP) measurements in hiPSC-CMs have been hampered by the virtual absence of the inward rectifier potassium current (IK1) in hiPSC-CMs, resulting in spontaneous activity and altered function of various depolarising and repolarising membrane currents. We assessed whether AP measurements in "ventricular-like" and "atrial-like" hiPSC-CMs could be improved through a simple, highly reproducible dynamic clamp approach to provide these cells with a substantial IK1 (computed in real time according to the actual membrane potential and injected through the patch-clamp pipette). APs were measured at 1 Hz using perforated patch-clamp methodology, both in control cells and in cells treated with all-trans retinoic acid (RA) during the differentiation process to increase the number of cells with atrial-like APs. RA-treated hiPSC-CMs displayed shorter APs than control hiPSC-CMs and this phenotype became more prominent upon addition of synthetic IK1 through dynamic clamp. Furthermore, the variability of several AP parameters decreased upon IK1 injection. Computer simulations with models of ventricular-like and atrial-like hiPSC-CMs demonstrated the importance of selecting an appropriate synthetic IK1. In conclusion, the dynamic clamp-based approach of IK1 injection has broad applicability for detailed AP measurements in hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Christiaan C Veerman
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan G Zegers
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Isabella Mengarelli
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald Wilders
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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104
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Amini H, Rezaie J, Vosoughi A, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M. Cardiac progenitor cells application in cardiovascular disease. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2017; 9:127-132. [PMID: 29118944 PMCID: PMC5670333 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) have special potency to differentiate into different types of cells, especially cardiomyocytes. In order to demonstrate the therapeutic applications of these cells, various investigations are recently being developed. Cardiac progenitor cells are endogenous cardiac SCs that found to express tyrosine kinase receptors, c-Kit and other stemness features in adult heart, contributing to the regeneration of cardiac tissue after injury. This lineage is able to efficiently trans-differentiate into different cell types such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Noticeably, several cardiac progenitor cells have been identified until yet. The therapeutic applications of cardiac SCs have been studied previously, which could introduce a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of cardiac disorders. The current review enlightens the potency of cardiac progenitor cells features and differentiation capacity, with current applications in cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Amini
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Armin Vosoughi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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105
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Cited4 is related to cardiogenic induction and maintenance of proliferation capacity of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes during in vitro cardiogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183225. [PMID: 28817660 PMCID: PMC5560578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells have a limited proliferative capacity. The CREB-binding protein/p300-interacting transactivator, with the Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain (Cited) gene family, regulates gene transcription. Increased expression of the Cited4 gene in an adult mouse is associated with exercise-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and proliferation. However, the expression patterns and functional roles of the Cited4 gene during cardiogenesis are largely unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the expression patterns and functional roles of the Cited4 gene during in vitro cardiogenesis. Using embryoid bodies formed from mouse embryonic stem cells, we evaluated the expression patterns of the Cited4 gene by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Cited4 gene expression levels increased and decreased during the early and late phases of cardiogenesis, respectively. Moreover, Cited4 gene levels were significantly high in the cardiac progenitor cell population. A functional assay of the Cited4 gene in cardiac progenitor cells using flow cytometry indicated that overexpression of the Cited4 gene significantly increased the cardiac progenitor cell population compared with the control and knockdown groups. A cell proliferation assay, with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation and Ki67 expression during the late phase of cardiogenesis, indicated that the number of troponin T-positive embryonic stem cell-direived cardiomyocytes with proliferative capacity was significantly greater in the overexpression group than in the control and knockdown groups. Our study results suggest that the Cited4 gene is related to cardiac differentiation and maintenance of proliferation capacity of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes during in vitro cardiogenesis. Therefore, manipulation of Cited4 gene expression may be of great interest for cardiac regeneration.
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106
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Cunningham TJ, Yu MS, McKeithan WL, Spiering S, Carrette F, Huang CT, Bushway PJ, Tierney M, Albini S, Giacca M, Mano M, Puri PL, Sacco A, Ruiz-Lozano P, Riou JF, Umbhauer M, Duester G, Mercola M, Colas AR. Id genes are essential for early heart formation. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1325-1338. [PMID: 28794185 PMCID: PMC5580654 DOI: 10.1101/gad.300400.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the fundamental mechanisms controlling cardiac specification is critical for our understanding of how heart formation is initiated during embryonic development and for applying stem cell biology to regenerative medicine and disease modeling. Using systematic and unbiased functional screening approaches, we discovered that the Id family of helix-loop-helix proteins is both necessary and sufficient to direct cardiac mesoderm formation in frog embryos and human embryonic stem cells. Mechanistically, Id proteins specify cardiac cell fate by repressing two inhibitors of cardiogenic mesoderm formation-Tcf3 and Foxa2-and activating inducers Evx1, Grrp1, and Mesp1. Most importantly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ablation of the entire Id (Id1-4) family in mouse embryos leads to failure of anterior cardiac progenitor specification and the development of heartless embryos. Thus, Id proteins play a central and evolutionarily conserved role during heart formation and provide a novel means to efficiently produce cardiovascular progenitors for regenerative medicine and drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Cunningham
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Michael S Yu
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Wesley L McKeithan
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Sean Spiering
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Florent Carrette
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Chun-Teng Huang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Paul J Bushway
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Matthew Tierney
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Sonia Albini
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Miguel Mano
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacco
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Pilar Ruiz-Lozano
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Regencor, Inc., Los Altos, California 94022, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Riou
- UMR 7622 Developmental Biology, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie, F- 75005 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Umbhauer
- UMR 7622 Developmental Biology, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie, F- 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gregg Duester
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Alexandre R Colas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
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107
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Achieving Efficient Manufacturing and Quality Assurance through Synthetic Cell Therapy Design. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:13-17. [PMID: 28061350 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
New methods to manipulate gene and cell state can be used to engineer cell functionality, simplify quality assessment, and enhance manufacturability. These strategies could help overcome unresolved cell therapy manufacturing challenges and complement frameworks to design quality into these complex cellular systems, ultimately increasing patient access to living therapeutics.
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108
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Abstract
Because the heart is a poorly regenerative organ, there has been considerable interest in developing novel cell-based approaches to restore lost contractile function after myocardial infarction (MI). While a wide variety of candidate cell types have been tested in animal MI models, the vast majority of clinical trials have used adult stem cell types, usually derived from bone marrow. These studies have generally yielded disappointing results, an outcome that may reflect in part the limited cardiogenic potential of the adult stem cell sources employed. Post-MI heart failure is ultimately a disease of cardiomyocyte deficiency, so better outcomes may be possible with more cardiogenic approaches that may 'remuscularize' the infarct scar with new, electrically-integrated myocardium. In this review, we summarize work in the field to 'program' exogenous or endogenous cells into such a cardiogenic state, as well as efforts to test their capacity to mediate true heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Romagnuolo
- Toronto General Research Institute, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- Toronto General Research Institute, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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109
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Skelton RJP, Kamp TJ, Elliott DA, Ardehali R. Biomarkers of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Lineages. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:651-668. [PMID: 28576602 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer a practical source for the de novo generation of cardiac tissues and a unique opportunity to investigate cardiovascular lineage commitment. Numerous strategies have focused on the in vitro production of cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle, and endothelium from hPSCs. However, these differentiation protocols often yield undesired cell types. Thus, establishing a set of stage-specific markers for pure cardiac subpopulations will assist in defining the hierarchy of cardiac differentiation, aid in the development of cellular therapy, and facilitate drug screening and disease modeling. The recent characterization of many such markers is enabling the isolation of major cardiac lineages and subpopulations from differentiating hPSCs. We provide here a comprehensive review detailing the suite of biomarkers used to differentiate cardiac lineages from mixed hPSC-derived populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys J P Skelton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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110
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Sala L, Ward-van Oostwaard D, Tertoolen LGJ, Mummery CL, Bellin M. Electrophysiological Analysis of human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) Using Multi-electrode Arrays (MEAs). J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28570546 PMCID: PMC5607948 DOI: 10.3791/55587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes can now be derived with high efficiency from both human embryonic and human induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells (hPSC). hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are increasingly recognized as having great value for modeling cardiovascular diseases in humans, especially arrhythmia syndromes. They have also demonstrated relevance as in vitro systems for predicting drug responses, which makes them potentially useful for drug-screening and discovery, safety pharmacology and perhaps eventually for personalized medicine. This would be facilitated by deriving hPSC-CMs from patients or susceptible individuals as hiPSCs. For all applications, however, precise measurement and analysis of hPSC-CM electrical properties are essential for identifying changes due to cardiac ion channel mutations and/or drugs that target ion channels and can cause sudden cardiac death. Compared with manual patch-clamp, multi-electrode array (MEA) devices offer the advantage of allowing medium- to high-throughput recordings. This protocol describes how to dissociate 2D cell cultures of hPSC-CMs to small aggregates and single cells and plate them on MEAs to record their spontaneous electrical activity as field potential. Methods for analyzing the recorded data to extract specific parameters, such as the QT and the RR intervals, are also described here. Changes in these parameters would be expected in hPSC-CMs carrying mutations responsible for cardiac arrhythmias and following addition of specific drugs, allowing detection of those that carry a cardiotoxic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sala
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center
| | | | | | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center; Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center;
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111
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Galdos FX, Guo Y, Paige SL, VanDusen NJ, Wu SM, Pu WT. Cardiac Regeneration: Lessons From Development. Circ Res 2017; 120:941-959. [PMID: 28302741 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Palliative surgery for congenital heart disease has allowed patients with previously lethal heart malformations to survive and, in most cases, to thrive. However, these procedures often place pressure and volume loads on the heart, and over time, these chronic loads can cause heart failure. Current therapeutic options for initial surgery and chronic heart failure that results from failed palliation are limited, in part, by the mammalian heart's low inherent capacity to form new cardiomyocytes. Surmounting the heart regeneration barrier would transform the treatment of congenital, as well as acquired, heart disease and likewise would enable development of personalized, in vitro cardiac disease models. Although these remain distant goals, studies of heart development are illuminating the path forward and suggest unique opportunities for heart regeneration, particularly in fetal and neonatal periods. Here, we review major lessons from heart development that inform current and future studies directed at enhancing cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco X Galdos
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Sharon L Paige
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Nathan J VanDusen
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Sean M Wu
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.).
| | - William T Pu
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.).
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112
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Wanjare M, Huang NF. Regulation of the microenvironment for cardiac tissue engineering. Regen Med 2017; 12:187-201. [PMID: 28244821 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of myocardium plays an important role in the fate and function of cardiomyocytes (CMs). Cardiovascular tissue engineering strategies commonly utilize stem cell sources in conjunction with microenvironmental cues that often include biochemical, electrical, spatial and biomechanical factors. Microenvironmental stimulation of CMs, in addition to the incorporation of intercellular interactions from non-CMs, results in the generation of engineered cardiac constructs. Current studies suggest that use of these factors when engineering cardiac constructs improve cardiac function when implanted in vivo. In this review, we summarize the approaches to modulate biochemical, electrical, biomechanical and spatial factors to induce CM differentiation and their subsequent organization for cardiac tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Wanjare
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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113
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Generation of PDGFRα + Cardioblasts from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41840. [PMID: 28165490 PMCID: PMC5292955 DOI: 10.1038/srep41840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolating actively proliferating cardioblasts is the first crucial step for cardiac regeneration through cell implantation. However, the origin and identity of putative cardioblasts are still unclear. Here, we uncover a novel class of cardiac lineage cells, PDGFRα+Flk1− cardioblasts (PCBs), from mouse and human pluripotent stem cells induced using CsAYTE, a combination of the small molecules Cyclosporin A, the rho-associated coiled-coil kinase inhibitor Y27632, the antioxidant Trolox, and the ALK5 inhibitor EW7197. This novel population of actively proliferating cells is cardiac lineage–committed but in a morphologically and functionally immature state compared to mature cardiomyocytes. Most important, most of CsAYTE-induced PCBs spontaneously differentiated into functional αMHC+ cardiomyocytes (M+CMs) and could be a potential cellular resource for cardiac regeneration.
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114
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Jara-Avaca M, Kempf H, Rückert M, Robles-Diaz D, Franke A, de la Roche J, Fischer M, Malan D, Sasse P, Solodenko W, Dräger G, Kirschning A, Martin U, Zweigerdt R. EBIO Does Not Induce Cardiomyogenesis in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells but Modulates Cardiac Subtype Enrichment by Lineage-Selective Survival. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:305-317. [PMID: 28089668 PMCID: PMC5311470 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtype-specific human cardiomyocytes (CMs) are valuable for basic and applied research. Induction of cardiomyogenesis and enrichment of nodal-like CMs was described for mouse pluripotent stem cells (mPSCs) in response to 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone (EBIO), a chemical modulator of small-/intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels (SKs 1-4). Investigating EBIO in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), we have applied three independent differentiation protocols of low to high cardiomyogenic efficiency. Equivalent to mPSCs, timed EBIO supplementation during hPSC differentiation resulted in dose-dependent enrichment of up to 80% CMs, including an increase in nodal- and atrial-like phenotypes. However, our study revealed extensive EBIO-triggered cell loss favoring cardiac progenitor preservation and, subsequently, CMs with shortened action potentials. Proliferative cells were generally more sensitive to EBIO, presumably via an SK-independent mechanism. Together, EBIO did not promote cardiogenic differentiation of PSCs, opposing previous findings, but triggered lineage-selective survival at a cardiac progenitor stage, which we propose as a pharmacological strategy to modulate CM subtype composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Jara-Avaca
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Rückert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Robles-Diaz
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Franke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeanne de la Roche
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Fischer
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wladimir Solodenko
- Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerald Dräger
- Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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115
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Aznar J, Tudela J. Diez años desde el descubrimiento de las células iPS: estado actual de su aplicación clínica. Rev Clin Esp 2017; 217:30-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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116
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Aznar J, Tudela J. Ten years since the discovery of iPS cells: The current state of their clinical application. Rev Clin Esp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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117
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Abstract
Defined genetic models based on human pluripotent stem cells have opened new avenues for understanding disease mechanisms and drug screening. Many of these models assume cell-autonomous mechanisms of disease but it is possible that disease phenotypes or drug responses will only be evident if all cellular and extracellular components of a tissue are present and functionally mature. To derive optimal benefit from such models, complex multicellular structures with vascular components that mimic tissue niches will thus likely be necessary. Here we consider emerging research creating human tissue mimics and provide some recommendations for moving the field forward.
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118
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Zhang Y, Cao N, Huang Y, Spencer CI, Fu JD, Yu C, Liu K, Nie B, Xu T, Li K, Xu S, Bruneau BG, Srivastava D, Ding S. Expandable Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells Reprogrammed from Fibroblasts. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18:368-81. [PMID: 26942852 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based approaches to cardiac regeneration are increasingly viable strategies for treating heart failure. Generating abundant and functional autologous cells for transplantation in such a setting, however, remains a significant challenge. Here, we isolated a cell population with extensive proliferation capacity and restricted cardiovascular differentiation potentials during cardiac transdifferentiation of mouse fibroblasts. These induced expandable cardiovascular progenitor cells (ieCPCs) proliferated extensively for more than 18 passages in chemically defined conditions, with 10(5) starting fibroblasts robustly producing 10(16) ieCPCs. ieCPCs expressed cardiac signature genes and readily differentiated into functional cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial cells (ECs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in vitro, even after long-term expansion. When transplanted into mouse hearts following myocardial infarction, ieCPCs spontaneously differentiated into CMs, ECs, and SMCs and improved cardiac function for up to 12 weeks after transplantation. Thus, ieCPCs are a powerful system to study cardiovascular specification and provide strategies for regenerative medicine in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nan Cao
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - C Ian Spencer
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ji-Dong Fu
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chen Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Baoming Nie
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sheng Ding
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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119
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Protze SI, Liu J, Nussinovitch U, Ohana L, Backx PH, Gepstein L, Keller GM. Sinoatrial node cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent cells function as a biological pacemaker. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 35:56-68. [PMID: 27941801 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the heart and controls heart rate throughout life. Failure of SAN function due to congenital disease or aging results in slowing of the heart rate and inefficient blood circulation, a condition treated by implantation of an electronic pacemaker. The ability to produce pacemaker cells in vitro could lead to an alternative, biological pacemaker therapy in which the failing SAN is replaced through cell transplantation. Here we describe a transgene-independent method for the generation of SAN-like pacemaker cells (SANLPCs) from human pluripotent stem cells by stage-specific manipulation of developmental signaling pathways. SANLPCs are identified as NKX2-5- cardiomyocytes that express markers of the SAN lineage and display typical pacemaker action potentials, ion current profiles and chronotropic responses. When transplanted into the apex of rat hearts, SANLPCs are able to pace the host tissue, demonstrating their capacity to function as a biological pacemaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie I Protze
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology and the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Udi Nussinovitch
- The Sohnis Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine A, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute and Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lily Ohana
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology and the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter H Backx
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology and the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lior Gepstein
- The Sohnis Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Cardiology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute and Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gordon M Keller
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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120
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Targeting the hedgehog signaling pathway for cardiac repair and regeneration. Herz 2016; 42:662-668. [PMID: 27878328 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-016-4500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is involved in the angiogenesis and development of the coronary vasculature in the embryonic heart. Recently, the Hh signal pathway has emerged as an important regulator that can increase cardiomyocyte proliferation, inhibit cardiomyocyte death and apoptosis, recruit endothelial progenitor cell (EPCs) into sites of myocardial ischemia, and direct stem cells to differentiate into cardiac muscle lineage. Experimental studies have tried to target the Hh signaling pathway for cardiac repair and regeneration. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of the Hh signal pathway in cardiac repair and regeneration as well as the current strategies targeting the Hh signaling pathway and its potential in heart diseases.
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121
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Jaroonwitchawan T, Muangchan P, Noisa P. Inhibition of FGF signaling accelerates neural crest cell differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:176-181. [PMID: 27816457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) is a transient population, arising during embryonic development and capable of differentiating into various somatic cells. The defects of neural crest development leads to neurocristopathy. Several signaling pathways were revealed their significance in NC cell specification. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is recognized as an important signaling during NC development, for instance Xenopus and avian; however, its contributions in human species are remained elusive. Here we used human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to investigate the consequences of FGF inhibition during NC cell differentiation. The specific-FGF receptor inhibitor, SU5402, was used in this investigation. The inhibition of FGF did not found to affect the proliferation or death of hPSC-derived NC cells, but promoted hPSCs to commit NC cell fate. NC-specific genes, including PAX3, SLUG, and TWIST1, were highly upregulated, while hPSC genes, such as OCT4, and E-CAD, rapidly reduced upon FGF signaling blockage. Noteworthy, TFAP-2α, a marker of migratory NC cells, abundantly presented in SU5402-induced cells. This accelerated NC cell differentiation could be due to the activation of Notch signaling upon the blockage of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, since NICD was increased by SU5402. Altogether, this study proposed the contributions of FGF signaling in controlling human NC cell differentiation from hPSCs, the crosstalk between FGF and Notch, and might imply to the influences of FGF signaling in neurocristophatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiranut Jaroonwitchawan
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Pattamon Muangchan
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Parinya Noisa
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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122
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Zangi L, Oliveira MS, Ye LY, Ma Q, Sultana N, Hadas Y, Chepurko E, Später D, Zhou B, Chew WL, Ebina W, Abrial M, Wang QD, Pu WT, Chien KR. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor-Dependent Pathway Drives Epicardial Adipose Tissue Formation After Myocardial Injury. Circulation 2016; 135:59-72. [PMID: 27803039 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial adipose tissue volume and coronary artery disease are strongly associated, even after accounting for overall body mass. Despite its pathophysiological significance, the origin and paracrine signaling pathways that regulate epicardial adipose tissue's formation and expansion are unclear. METHODS We used a novel modified mRNA-based screening approach to probe the effect of individual paracrine factors on epicardial progenitors in the adult heart. RESULTS Using 2 independent lineage-tracing strategies in murine models, we show that cells originating from the Wt1+ mesothelial lineage, which includes epicardial cells, differentiate into epicardial adipose tissue after myocardial infarction. This differentiation process required Wt1 expression in this lineage and was stimulated by insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) activation. IGF1R inhibition within this lineage significantly reduced its adipogenic differentiation in the context of exogenous, IGF1-modified mRNA stimulation. Moreover, IGF1R inhibition significantly reduced Wt1 lineage cell differentiation into adipocytes after myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS Our results establish IGF1R signaling as a key pathway that governs epicardial adipose tissue formation in the context of myocardial injury by redirecting the fate of Wt1+ lineage cells. Our study also demonstrates the power of modified mRNA -based paracrine factor library screening to dissect signaling pathways that govern progenitor cell activity in homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Zangi
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.).
| | - Marcela S Oliveira
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Lillian Y Ye
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Qing Ma
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Nishat Sultana
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Yoav Hadas
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Elena Chepurko
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Daniela Später
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Wei Leong Chew
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Wataru Ebina
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Maryline Abrial
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - William T Pu
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.).
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.).
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Carvajal-Vergara X, Prósper F. Are we closer to cardiac regeneration? Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:59. [PMID: 27868041 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.09.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xonia Carvajal-Vergara
- Cell Therapy Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Cell Therapy Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain;; Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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124
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Calderon D, Bardot E, Dubois N. Probing early heart development to instruct stem cell differentiation strategies. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:1130-1144. [PMID: 27580352 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists have studied organs and their development for centuries and, along that path, described models and mechanisms explaining the developmental principles of organogenesis. In particular, with respect to the heart, new fundamental discoveries are reported continuously that keep changing the way we think about early cardiac development. These discoveries are driven by the need to answer long-standing questions regarding the origin of the earliest cells specified to the cardiac lineage, the differentiation potential of distinct cardiac progenitor cells, and, very importantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying these specification events. As evidenced by numerous examples, the wealth of developmental knowledge collected over the years has had an invaluable impact on establishing efficient strategies to generate cardiovascular cell types ex vivo, from either pluripotent stem cells or via direct reprogramming approaches. The ability to generate functional cardiovascular cells in an efficient and reliable manner will contribute to therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease and morbidity. Here we will discuss the recent discoveries in the field of cardiac progenitor biology and their translation to the pluripotent stem cell model to illustrate how developmental concepts have instructed regenerative model systems in the past and promise to do so in the future. Developmental Dynamics 245:1130-1144, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damelys Calderon
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Evan Bardot
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Dubois
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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125
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Sala L, Yu Z, Ward-van Oostwaard D, van Veldhoven JP, Moretti A, Laugwitz KL, Mummery CL, IJzerman AP, Bellin M. A new hERG allosteric modulator rescues genetic and drug-induced long-QT syndrome phenotypes in cardiomyocytes from isogenic pairs of patient induced pluripotent stem cells. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1065-81. [PMID: 27470144 PMCID: PMC5009811 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is an arrhythmogenic disorder characterised by prolongation of the QT interval in the electrocardiogram, which can lead to sudden cardiac death. Pharmacological treatments are far from optimal for congenital forms of LQTS, while the acquired form, often triggered by drugs that (sometimes inadvertently) target the cardiac hERG channel, is still a challenge in drug development because of cardiotoxicity. Current experimental models in vitro fall short in predicting proarrhythmic properties of new drugs in humans. Here, we leveraged a series of isogenically matched, diseased and genetically engineered, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from patients to test a novel hERG allosteric modulator for treating congenital LQTS, drug-induced LQTS or a combination of the two. By slowing IK r deactivation and positively shifting IK r inactivation, the small molecule LUF7346 effectively rescued all of these conditions, demonstrating in a human system that allosteric modulation of hERG may be useful as an approach to treat inherited and drug-induced LQTS Furthermore, our study provides experimental support of the value of isogenic pairs of patient hiPSC-CMs as platforms for testing drug sensitivities and performing safety pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sala
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zhiyi Yu
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacobus Pd van Veldhoven
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- I. Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- I. Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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126
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Directed Differentiation of Zebrafish Pluripotent Embryonic Cells to Functional Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:370-382. [PMID: 27569061 PMCID: PMC5032289 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A cardiomyocyte differentiation in vitro system from zebrafish embryos remains to be established. Here, we have determined pluripotency window of zebrafish embryos by analyzing their gene-expression patterns of pluripotency factors together with markers of three germ layers, and have found that zebrafish undergoes a very narrow period of pluripotency maintenance from zygotic genome activation to a brief moment after oblong stage. Based on the pluripotency and a combination of appropriate conditions, we established a rapid and efficient method for cardiomyocyte generation in vitro from primary embryonic cells. The induced cardiomyocytes differentiated into functional and specific cardiomyocyte subtypes. Notably, these in vitro generated cardiomyocytes exhibited typical contractile kinetics and electrophysiological features. The system provides a new paradigm of cardiomyocyte differentiation from primary embryonic cells in zebrafish. The technology provides a new platform for the study of heart development and regeneration, in addition to drug discovery, disease modeling, and assessment of cardiotoxic agents. Zebrafish embryos may start to exit from pluripotency shortly after the oblong stage Beating cell clusters are efficiently generated from zebrafish blastomeres Beating cell clusters contain specific cardiomyocyte subtypes Induced cardiomyocytes possess normal electrophysiological features
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127
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128
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Okawa S, Nicklas S, Zickenrott S, Schwamborn JC, Del Sol A. A Generalized Gene-Regulatory Network Model of Stem Cell Differentiation for Predicting Lineage Specifiers. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:307-315. [PMID: 27546532 PMCID: PMC5034562 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of cell-fate determinants for directing stem cell differentiation remains a challenge. Moreover, little is known about how cell-fate determinants are regulated in functionally important subnetworks in large gene-regulatory networks (i.e., GRN motifs). Here we propose a model of stem cell differentiation in which cell-fate determinants work synergistically to determine different cellular identities, and reside in a class of GRN motifs known as feedback loops. Based on this model, we develop a computational method that can systematically predict cell-fate determinants and their GRN motifs. The method was able to recapitulate experimentally validated cell-fate determinants, and validation of two predicted cell-fate determinants confirmed that overexpression of ESR1 and RUNX2 in mouse neural stem cells induces neuronal and astrocyte differentiation, respectively. Thus, the presented GRN-based model of stem cell differentiation and computational method can guide differentiation experiments in stem cell research and regenerative medicine. A network-based method for predicting lineage specifiers and key network motifs A computational guidance to stem cell differentiation experiments Overexpression of ESR1 in mNSCs induces neuronal differentiation Overexpression of RUNX2 in mNSCs induces astrocyte differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okawa
- Computational Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sarah Nicklas
- Developmental and Cellular Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sascha Zickenrott
- Computational Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Developmental and Cellular Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Del Sol
- Computational Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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129
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Witman N, Sahara M. Expansion of cardiac progenitors from reprogrammed fibroblasts as potential novel cardiovascular therapy. Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:34. [PMID: 27580668 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.07.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Witman
- 1 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2 Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Makoto Sahara
- 1 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2 Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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130
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Veerman CC, Mengarelli I, Guan K, Stauske M, Barc J, Tan HL, Wilde AAM, Verkerk AO, Bezzina CR. hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from Brugada Syndrome patients without identified mutations do not exhibit clear cellular electrophysiological abnormalities. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30967. [PMID: 27485484 PMCID: PMC4971529 DOI: 10.1038/srep30967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a rare cardiac rhythm disorder associated with sudden cardiac death. Mutations in the sodium channel gene SCN5A are found in ~20% of cases while mutations in other genes collectively account for <5%. In the remaining patients the genetic defect and the underlying pathogenic mechanism remain obscure. To provide insight into the mechanism of BrS in individuals without identified mutations, we here studied electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes (CMs) generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from 3 BrS patients who tested negative for mutations in the known BrS-associated genes. Patch clamp studies revealed no differences in sodium current (INa) in hiPSC-CMs from the 3 BrS patients compared to 2 unrelated controls. Moreover, action potential upstroke velocity (Vmax), reflecting INa, was not different between hiPSC-CMs from the BrS patients and the controls. hiPSC-CMs harboring the BrS-associated SCN5A-1795insD mutation exhibited a reduction in both INa and Vmax, demonstrating our ability to detect reduced sodium channel function. hiPSC-CMs from one of the BrS lines demonstrated a mildly reduced action potential duration, however, the transient outward potassium current (Ito) and the L-type calcium current (ICa,L), both implicated in BrS, were not different compared to the controls. Our findings indicate that ion channel dysfunction, in particular in the cardiac sodium channel, may not be a prerequisite for BrS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan C Veerman
- Heart Centre, Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Mengarelli
- Heart Centre, Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Stauske
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julien Barc
- Heart Centre, Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Hanno L Tan
- Heart Centre, Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Heart Centre, Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Heart Centre, Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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131
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Cambria E, Steiger J, Günter J, Bopp A, Wolint P, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Cardiac Regenerative Medicine: The Potential of a New Generation of Stem Cells. Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:275-281. [PMID: 27721703 DOI: 10.1159/000448179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stem cell therapy holds great potential to prompt myocardial regeneration in patients with ischemic heart disease. The selection of the most suitable cell type is pivotal for its successful application. Various cell types, including crude bone marrow mononuclear cells, skeletal myoblast, and hematopoietic and endothelial progenitors, have already advanced into the clinical arena based on promising results from different experimental and preclinical studies. However, most of these so-called first-generation cell types have failed to fully emulate the promising preclinical data in clinical trials, resulting in heterogeneous outcomes and a critical lack of translation. Therefore, different next-generation cell types are currently under investigation for the treatment of the diseased myocardium. This review article provides an overview of current stem cell therapy concepts, including the application of cardiac stem (CSCs) and progenitor cells (CPCs) and lineage commitment via guided cardiopoiesis from multipotent cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or pluripotent cells such as embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Furthermore, it introduces new strategies combining complementary cell types, such as MSCs and CSCs/CPCs, which can yield synergistic effects to boost cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cambria
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Steiger
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Günter
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annina Bopp
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Wolint
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Wyss Translational Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Wyss Translational Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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132
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Bellin M, Mummery CL. Inherited heart disease - what can we expect from the second decade of human iPS cell research? FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2482-93. [PMID: 27391414 PMCID: PMC5113704 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first generated 10 years ago. Their ability to differentiate into any somatic cell type of the body including cardiomyocytes has already made them a valuable resource for modelling cardiac disease and drug screening. Initially human iPSCs were used mostly to model known disease phenotypes; more recently, and despite a number of recognised shortcomings, they have proven valuable in providing fundamental insights into the mechanisms of inherited heart disease with unknown genetic cause using surprisingly small cohorts. In this review, we summarise the progress made with human iPSCs as cardiac disease models with special focus on the latest mechanistic insights and related challenges. Furthermore, we suggest emerging solutions that will likely move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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133
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van Meer BJ, Tertoolen LGJ, Mummery CL. Concise Review: Measuring Physiological Responses of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes to Drugs and Disease. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2008-15. [PMID: 27250776 PMCID: PMC5113667 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) are of growing interest as models to understand mechanisms underlying genetic disease, identify potential drug targets and for safety pharmacology as they may predict human relevant effects more accurately and inexpensively than animals or other cell models. Crucial to their optimal use are accurate methods to quantify cardiomyocyte phenotypes accurately and reproducibly. Here, we review current methods for determining biophysical parameters of hPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC‐CMs) that recapitulate disease and drug responses. Even though hPSC‐CMs as currently available are immature, various biophysical methods are nevertheless already providing useful insights into the biology of the human heart and its maladies. Advantages and limitations of assays currently available looking toward applications of hPSC‐CMs are described with examples of how they have been used to date. This will help guide the choice of biophysical method to characterize healthy cardiomyocytes and their pathologies in vitro. Stem Cells2016;34:2008–2015
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Affiliation(s)
- Berend J van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leon G J Tertoolen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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134
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Y Chen
- From Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (I.Y.C., J.C.W.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (I.Y.C., J.C.W.), and Department of Radiology (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- From Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (I.Y.C., J.C.W.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (I.Y.C., J.C.W.), and Department of Radiology (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
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135
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Cao N, Huang Y, Zheng J, Spencer CI, Zhang Y, Fu JD, Nie B, Xie M, Zhang M, Wang H, Ma T, Xu T, Shi G, Srivastava D, Ding S. Conversion of human fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes by small molecules. Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf1502\] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Making cardiac cells from fibroblasts
Reprogramming noncardiac cells into functional cardiomyocytes without any genetic manipulation could open up new avenues for cardiac regenerative therapies. Cao
et al.
identified a combination of nine small molecules that could epigenetically activate human fibroblasts, efficiently reprogramming them into chemically induced cardiomyocytes (ciCMs). The ciCMs contracted uniformly and resembled human cardiomyocytes. This method may be adapted for reprogramming multiple cell types and have important implications in regenerative medicine.
Science
, this issue p.
1216
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cao
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jiashun Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - C. Ian Spencer
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ji-Dong Fu
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Baoming Nie
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Haixia Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tianhua Ma
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guilai Shi
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sheng Ding
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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136
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van Weerd JH, Christoffels VM. The formation and function of the cardiac conduction system. Development 2016; 143:197-210. [PMID: 26786210 DOI: 10.1242/dev.124883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac conduction system (CCS) consists of distinctive components that initiate and conduct the electrical impulse required for the coordinated contraction of the cardiac chambers. CCS development involves complex regulatory networks that act in stage-, tissue- and dose-dependent manners, and recent findings indicate that the activity of these networks is sensitive to common genetic variants associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Here, we review how these findings have provided novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms and transcriptional networks underlying CCS formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendrik van Weerd
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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137
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Cao N, Huang Y, Zheng J, Spencer CI, Zhang Y, Fu JD, Nie B, Xie M, Zhang M, Wang H, Ma T, Xu T, Shi G, Srivastava D, Ding S. Conversion of human fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes by small molecules. Science 2016; 352:1216-20. [PMID: 27127239 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic fibroblasts into alternative lineages would provide a promising source of cells for regenerative therapy. However, transdifferentiating human cells into specific homogeneous, functional cell types is challenging. Here we show that cardiomyocyte-like cells can be generated by treating human fibroblasts with a combination of nine compounds that we term 9C. The chemically induced cardiomyocyte-like cells uniformly contracted and resembled human cardiomyocytes in their transcriptome, epigenetic, and electrophysiological properties. 9C treatment of human fibroblasts resulted in a more open-chromatin conformation at key heart developmental genes, enabling their promoters and enhancers to bind effectors of major cardiogenic signals. When transplanted into infarcted mouse hearts, 9C-treated fibroblasts were efficiently converted to chemically induced cardiomyocyte-like cells. This pharmacological approach to lineage-specific reprogramming may have many important therapeutic implications after further optimization to generate mature cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cao
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jiashun Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - C Ian Spencer
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ji-Dong Fu
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Baoming Nie
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Haixia Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tianhua Ma
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guilai Shi
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sheng Ding
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Huang J, Zhang M, Zhang P, Liang H, Ouyang K, Yang HT. Coupling switch of P2Y-IP3 receptors mediates differential Ca(2+) signaling in human embryonic stem cells and derived cardiovascular progenitor cells. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:465-78. [PMID: 27098757 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling mediated by P2 receptors (P2Rs) plays important roles in embryonic and stem cell development. However, how it mediates Ca(2+) signals in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPCs) remains unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the role of P2Rs in mediating Ca(2+) mobilizations of these cells. hESCs were induced to differentiate into CVPCs by our recently established methods. Gene expression of P2Rs and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) was analyzed by quantitative/RT-PCR. IP3R3 knockdown (KD) or IP3R2 knockout (KO) hESCs were established by shRNA- or TALEN-mediated gene manipulations, respectively. Confocal imaging revealed that Ca(2+) responses in CVPCs to ATP and UTP were more sensitive and stronger than those in hESCs. Consistently, the gene expression levels of most P2YRs except P2Y1 were increased in CVPCs. Suramin or PPADS blocked ATP-induced Ca(2+) transients in hESCs but only partially inhibited those in CVPCs. Moreover, the P2Y1 receptor-specific antagonist MRS2279 abolished most ATP-induced Ca(2+) signals in hESCs but not in CVPCs. P2Y1 receptor-specific agonist MRS2365 induced Ca(2+) transients only in hESCs but not in CVPCs. Furthermore, IP3R2KO but not IP3R3KD decreased the proportion of hESCs responding to MRS2365. In contrast, both IP3R2 and IP3R3 contributed to UTP-induced Ca(2+) responses while ATP-induced Ca(2+) responses were more dependent on IP3R2 in the CVPCs. In conclusion, a predominant role of P2Y1 receptors in hESCs and a transition of P2Y-IP3R coupling in derived CVPCs are responsible for the differential Ca(2+) mobilization between these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - He Liang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China. .,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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139
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Madonna R, Van Laake LW, Davidson SM, Engel FB, Hausenloy DJ, Lecour S, Leor J, Perrino C, Schulz R, Ytrehus K, Landmesser U, Mummery CL, Janssens S, Willerson J, Eschenhagen T, Ferdinandy P, Sluijter JPG. Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart: cell-based therapies for myocardial repair and regeneration in ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:1789-98. [PMID: 27055812 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in modern cardiovascular therapy, the morbidity and mortality of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF) remain significant in Europe and worldwide. Patients with IHD may benefit from therapies that would accelerate natural processes of postnatal collateral vessel formation and/or muscle regeneration. Here, we discuss the use of cells in the context of heart repair, and the most relevant results and current limitations from clinical trials using cell-based therapies to treat IHD and HF. We identify and discuss promising potential new therapeutic strategies that include ex vivo cell-mediated gene therapy, the use of biomaterials and cell-free therapies aimed at increasing the success rates of therapy for IHD and HF. The overall aim of this Position Paper of the ESC Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart is to provide recommendations on how to improve the therapeutic application of cell-based therapies for cardiac regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology and Center of Excellence on Aging, 'G. d'Annunzio' University - Chieti, Chieti, Italy Texas Heart Institute, Houston, USA
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- MRC Cape Heart Unit, Hatter Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell, and Tissue Engineering, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig Giessen University of Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Cardiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James Willerson
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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140
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141
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Lalit PA, Salick MR, Nelson DO, Squirrell JM, Shafer CM, Patel NG, Saeed I, Schmuck EG, Markandeya YS, Wong R, Lea MR, Eliceiri KW, Hacker TA, Crone WC, Kyba M, Garry DJ, Stewart R, Thomson JA, Downs KM, Lyons GE, Kamp TJ. Lineage Reprogramming of Fibroblasts into Proliferative Induced Cardiac Progenitor Cells by Defined Factors. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18:354-67. [PMID: 26877223 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes; however, reprogramming into proliferative induced cardiac progenitor cells (iCPCs) remains to be accomplished. Here we report that a combination of 11 or 5 cardiac factors along with canonical Wnt and JAK/STAT signaling reprogrammed adult mouse cardiac, lung, and tail tip fibroblasts into iCPCs. The iCPCs were cardiac mesoderm-restricted progenitors that could be expanded extensively while maintaining multipotency to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells in vitro. Moreover, iCPCs injected into the cardiac crescent of mouse embryos differentiated into cardiomyocytes. iCPCs transplanted into the post-myocardial infarction mouse heart improved survival and differentiated into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Lineage reprogramming of adult somatic cells into iCPCs provides a scalable cell source for drug discovery, disease modeling, and cardiac regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik A Lalit
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Max R Salick
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Material Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Daryl O Nelson
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jayne M Squirrell
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Christina M Shafer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Neel G Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Imaan Saeed
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Eric G Schmuck
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Rachel Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Martin R Lea
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Wendy C Crone
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Material Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Karen M Downs
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Gary E Lyons
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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142
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Orlova VV, Chuva de Sousa Lopes S, Valdimarsdottir G. BMP-SMAD signaling: From pluripotent stem cells to cardiovascular commitment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 27:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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143
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- From the Gene Expression Laboratory, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (M.L., J.C.I.B.); and Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Campus de los Jerónimos, Murcia, Spain (M.L.)
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- From the Gene Expression Laboratory, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (M.L., J.C.I.B.); and Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Campus de los Jerónimos, Murcia, Spain (M.L.)
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144
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Kempf H, Andree B, Zweigerdt R. Large-scale production of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:18-30. [PMID: 26658242 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, including preclinical studies in large animal models and tissue engineering approaches as well as innovative assays for drug discovery, will require the constant supply of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and other functional progenies. Respective cell production processes must be robust, economically viable and ultimately GMP-compliant. Recent research has enabled transition of lab scale protocols for hPSC expansion and cardiomyogenic differentiation towards more controlled processing in industry-compatible culture platforms. Here, advanced strategies for the cultivation and differentiation of hPSCs will be reviewed by focusing on stirred bioreactor-based techniques for process upscaling. We will discuss how cardiomyocyte mass production might benefit from recent findings such as cell expansion at the cardiovascular progenitor state. Finally, remaining challenges will be highlighted, specifically regarding three dimensional (3D) hPSC suspension culture and critical safety issues ahead of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Birgit Andree
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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145
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Preininger MK, Singh M, Xu C. Cryopreservation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Strategies, Challenges, and Future Directions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:123-135. [PMID: 27837559 PMCID: PMC5328614 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have emerged as a vital cell source for in vitro modeling of genetic cardiovascular disorders, drug screening, and in vivo cardiac regeneration research. Looking forward, the ability to efficiently cryopreserve hPSC-CMs without compromising their normal biochemical and physiologic functions will dramatically facilitate their various biomedical applications. Although working protocols for freezing, storing, and thawing hPSC-CMs have been established, the question remains as to whether they are optimal. In this chapter, we discuss our current understanding of cryopreservation appertaining to hPSC-CMs, and proffer key questions regarding the mechanical, contractile, and regenerative properties of cryopreserved hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela K Preininger
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monalisa Singh
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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146
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Denning C, Borgdorff V, Crutchley J, Firth KSA, George V, Kalra S, Kondrashov A, Hoang MD, Mosqueira D, Patel A, Prodanov L, Rajamohan D, Skarnes WC, Smith JGW, Young LE. Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells: From laboratory curiosity to industrial biomedical platform. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:1728-48. [PMID: 26524115 PMCID: PMC5221745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs-CMs) could revolutionise biomedicine. Global burden of heart failure will soon reach USD $90bn, while unexpected cardiotoxicity underlies 28% of drug withdrawals. Advances in hPSC isolation, Cas9/CRISPR genome engineering and hPSC-CM differentiation have improved patient care, progressed drugs to clinic and opened a new era in safety pharmacology. Nevertheless, predictive cardiotoxicity using hPSC-CMs contrasts from failure to almost total success. Since this likely relates to cell immaturity, efforts are underway to use biochemical and biophysical cues to improve many of the ~30 structural and functional properties of hPSC-CMs towards those seen in adult CMs. Other developments needed for widespread hPSC-CM utility include subtype specification, cost reduction of large scale differentiation and elimination of the phenotyping bottleneck. This review will consider these factors in the evolution of hPSC-CM technologies, as well as their integration into high content industrial platforms that assess structure, mitochondrial function, electrophysiology, calcium transients and contractility. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Viola Borgdorff
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - James Crutchley
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Karl S A Firth
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Vinoj George
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Spandan Kalra
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Kondrashov
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Minh Duc Hoang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Mosqueira
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Patel
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ljupcho Prodanov
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Rajamohan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - William C Skarnes
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James G W Smith
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine E Young
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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147
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Birket MJ, Ribeiro MC, Kosmidis G, Ward D, Leitoguinho AR, van de Pol V, Dambrot C, Devalla HD, Davis RP, Mastroberardino PG, Atsma DE, Passier R, Mummery CL. Contractile Defect Caused by Mutation in MYBPC3 Revealed under Conditions Optimized for Human PSC-Cardiomyocyte Function. Cell Rep 2015; 13:733-745. [PMID: 26489474 PMCID: PMC4644234 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximizing baseline function of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) is essential for their effective application in models of cardiac toxicity and disease. Here, we aimed to identify factors that would promote an adequate level of function to permit robust single-cell contractility measurements in a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). A simple screen revealed the collaborative effects of thyroid hormone, IGF-1 and the glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone on the electrophysiology, bioenergetics, and contractile force generation of hPSC-CMs. In this optimized condition, hiPSC-CMs with mutations in MYBPC3, a gene encoding myosin-binding protein C, which, when mutated, causes HCM, showed significantly lower contractile force generation than controls. This was recapitulated by direct knockdown of MYBPC3 in control hPSC-CMs, supporting a mechanism of haploinsufficiency. Modeling this disease in vitro using human cells is an important step toward identifying therapeutic interventions for HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Birket
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marcelo C Ribeiro
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Georgios Kosmidis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien Ward
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Rita Leitoguinho
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vera van de Pol
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cheryl Dambrot
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Harsha D Devalla
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Douwe E Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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148
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Den Hartogh SC, Passier R. Concise Review: Fluorescent Reporters in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Contributions to Cardiac Differentiation and Their Applications in Cardiac Disease and Toxicity. Stem Cells 2015; 34:13-26. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine C. Den Hartogh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Leiden University Medical Centre; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Leiden University Medical Centre; Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem cell Technologies. MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente, P.O.Box 217; Enschede The Netherlands
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149
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Lowenthal J, Gerecht S. Stem cell-derived vasculature: A potent and multidimensional technology for basic research, disease modeling, and tissue engineering. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 473:733-42. [PMID: 26427871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper blood vessel networks are necessary for constructing and re-constructing tissues, promoting wound healing, and delivering metabolic necessities throughout the body. Conversely, an understanding of vascular dysfunction has provided insight into the pathogenesis and progression of diseases both common and rare. Recent advances in stem cell-based regenerative medicine - including advances in stem cell technologies and related progress in bioscaffold design and complex tissue engineering - have allowed rapid advances in the field of vascular biology, leading in turn to more advanced modeling of vascular pathophysiology and improved engineering of vascularized tissue constructs. In this review we examine recent advances in the field of stem cell-derived vasculature, providing an overview of stem cell technologies as a source for vascular cell types and then focusing on their use in three primary areas: studies of vascular development and angiogenesis, improved disease modeling, and the engineering of vascularized constructs for tissue-level modeling and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lowenthal
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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150
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van den Berg CW, Okawa S, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, van Iperen L, Passier R, Braam SR, Tertoolen LG, del Sol A, Davis RP, Mummery CL. Transcriptome of human foetal heart compared with cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells. Development 2015. [PMID: 26209647 DOI: 10.1242/dev.123810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated derivatives of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are often considered immature because they resemble foetal cells more than adult, with hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) being no exception. Many functional features of these cardiomyocytes, such as their cell morphology, electrophysiological characteristics, sarcomere organization and contraction force, are underdeveloped compared with adult cardiomyocytes. However, relatively little is known about how their gene expression profiles compare with the human foetal heart, in part because of the paucity of data on the human foetal heart at different stages of development. Here, we collected samples of matched ventricles and atria from human foetuses during the first and second trimester of development. This presented a rare opportunity to perform gene expression analysis on the individual chambers of the heart at various stages of development, allowing us to identify not only genes involved in the formation of the heart, but also specific genes upregulated in each of the four chambers and at different stages of development. The data showed that hPSC-CMs had a gene expression profile similar to first trimester foetal heart, but after culture in conditions shown previously to induce maturation, they cluster closer to the second trimester foetal heart samples. In summary, we demonstrate how the gene expression profiles of human foetal heart samples can be used for benchmarking hPSC-CMs and also contribute to determining their equivalent stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Dept. of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Satoshi Okawa
- Computational Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, Belvaux L-4367, Luxembourg
| | | | - Liesbeth van Iperen
- Dept. of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Dept. of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan R Braam
- Pluriomics B.V., Biopartner building 3, Galileiweg 8, Leiden 2333 BD, The Netherlands
| | - Leon G Tertoolen
- Dept. of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio del Sol
- Computational Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, Belvaux L-4367, Luxembourg
| | - Richard P Davis
- Dept. of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Dept. of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
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