101
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Sakhnini LI, Pedersen AK, León IR, Greisen PJ, Hansen JJ, Vester-Christensen MB, Bülow L, Dainiak MB. Optimizing selectivity of anion hydrophobic multimodal chromatography for purification of a single-chain variable fragment. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:490-501. [PMID: 32625026 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-chain variable fragments (scFv) are widely used in several fields. However, they can be challenging to purify unless using expensive Protein L-based affinity adsorbents or affinity tags. In this work, a purification process for a scFv using mixed-mode (MM) chromatography was developed by design of experiments (DoE) and proteomics for host cell protein (HCP) quantification. Capture of scFv from human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell feedstocks was performed by hydrophobic charge induction chromatography (MEP HyperCel™), whereafter polishing was performed by anion hydrophobic MM chromatography (Capto Adhere™). The DoE designs of the polishing step included both binding and flow-through modes, the latter being the standard mode for HCP removal. Chromatography with Capto Adhere™ in binding-mode with elution by linear salt gradient at pH 7.5 resulted in optimal yield, purity and HCP reduction factor of 98.9 > 98.5%, and 14, respectively. Totally, 258 different HCPs were removed, corresponding to 84% of identified HCPs. The optimized conditions enabled binding of the scFv to Capto Adhere™ below its theoretical pI, while the majority of HCPs were in the flow-through. Surface property maps indicated the presence of hydrophobic patches in close proximity to negatively charged patches that could potentially play a role in this unique selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila I Sakhnini
- Department of Downstream Technologies Novo Nordisk A/S Måløv Denmark.,Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Anja K Pedersen
- Department of Protein Purification Development Novo Nordisk A/S Gentofte Denmark
| | | | - Per J Greisen
- Department of Modelling & Predictive Technologies Novo Nordisk A/S Måløv Denmark
| | - Jens Jacob Hansen
- Department of Expression Technologies Novo Nordisk A/S Måløv Denmark
| | | | - Leif Bülow
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Maria B Dainiak
- Department of Downstream Technologies Novo Nordisk A/S Måløv Denmark
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102
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Sun Y, Liang Y, Dai W, He B, Zhang H, Wang X, Wang J, Huang S, Zhang Q. Peptide-Drug Conjugate-Based Nanocombination Actualizes Breast Cancer Treatment by Maytansinoid and Photothermia with the Assistance of Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Images. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3229-3237. [PMID: 30957499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To develop a highly efficient strategy against tumors, here, a nanocombination (PDC/P@HCuS) was designed and constructed to actualize chemo-phototherapy with the assistance of fluorescence (FL) and photoacoustic (PA) images. First, a type of organic-inorganic hybrid nanosystem (P@HCuS) was engineered by coupling the fluorescence-labeled amphiphilic fPEDC copolymer on the surface of hollow mesoporous copper sulfide nanoparticle (HCuS), in which HCuS was used as a photothermal and PA agent; fPEDC as a stabilizer, chromophore, and redox/pH-sensitive gatekeeper; and both of them as drug carriers. Then, a peptide-drug conjugate (cRGD-SMCC-DM1, PDC), as a molecular targeted maytansinoid, was loaded inside of P@HCuS to form PDC/P@HCuS. Next, the PDC/P@HCuS was investigated carefully with or without near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. In vitro, the nanocombination exhibited stimuli-responsive drug release, obvious cellular uptake, strong cytotoxicity to tumor cells, significant impact on cell cycle, and cytoskeleton and cellular proteomics as well as evident permeability into the tumor sphere, most of which could be boosted by NIR laser irradiation. In vivo, the nanocombinaiton exerted good FL/PA imaging features and photothermal efficiency, achieved the best antitumor efficacy in the presence of NIR laser irradiation, and showed excellent biosafety. Together, it demonstrated that the PDC/P@HCuS, representing a chemo-phototherapy based on a nanocombination associated with peptide-drug conjugate, could achieve the highly efficient antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Yanqin Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Wenbing Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Bing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
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103
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Manabe S, Yamaguchi Y, Matsumoto K, Fuchigami H, Kawase T, Hirose K, Mitani A, Sumiyoshi W, Kinoshita T, Abe J, Yasunaga M, Matsumura Y, Ito Y. Characterization of Antibody Products Obtained through Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Glycosylation Reactions with a Glycan Oxazoline and Preparation of a Homogeneous Antibody-Drug Conjugate via Fc N-Glycan. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1343-1355. [PMID: 30938513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycan engineering of antibodies has received considerable attention. Although various endo-β- N-acetylglucosaminidase mutants have been developed for glycan remodeling, a side reaction has been reported between glycan oxazoline and amino groups. In this study, we performed a detailed characterization for antibody products obtained through enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions with the aim of maximizing the efficiency of the glycosylation reaction with fewer side products. The reactions were monitored by an ultraperformance liquid chromatography system using an amide-based wide-pore column. The products were characterized by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The side reactions were suppressed by adding glycan oxazoline in a stepwise manner under slightly acidic conditions. Through a combination of an azide-carrying glycan transfer reaction under optimized conditions and a bio-orthogonal reaction, a potent cytotoxic agent monomethyl auristatin E was site-specifically conjugated at N-glycosylated Asn297 with a drug-to-antibody ratio of 4. The prepared antibody-drug conjugate exhibited cytotoxicity against HER2-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama , 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama , 351-0198 Japan.,Structural Glycobiology Team , RIKEN , Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama , 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kana Matsumoto
- Structural Glycobiology Team , RIKEN , Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama , 351-0198 Japan
| | - Hirobumi Fuchigami
- Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center , National Cancer Center , Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8577 Japan
| | - Taiji Kawase
- Nihon Waters KK, Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa, Tokyo , 140-0001 Japan
| | - Kenji Hirose
- Nihon Waters KK, Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa, Tokyo , 140-0001 Japan
| | - Ai Mitani
- Fushimi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nakatsu, Marugame , Kagawa , 763-8605 Japan
| | - Wataru Sumiyoshi
- Fushimi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nakatsu, Marugame , Kagawa , 763-8605 Japan
| | - Takashi Kinoshita
- Fushimi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nakatsu, Marugame , Kagawa , 763-8605 Japan
| | - Junpei Abe
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama , 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center , National Cancer Center , Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8577 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center , National Cancer Center , Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8577 Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama , 351-0198 Japan
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104
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Heukers R, Mashayekhi V, Ramirez-Escudero M, de Haard H, Verrips TC, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Oliveira S. VHH-Photosensitizer Conjugates for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Met-Overexpressing Tumor Cells. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8020026. [PMID: 31544832 PMCID: PMC6640711 DOI: 10.3390/antib8020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approach that kills (cancer) cells by the local production of toxic reactive oxygen species upon the local illumination of a photosensitizer (PS). The specificity of PDT has been further enhanced by the development of a new water-soluble PS and by the specific delivery of PS via conjugation to tumor-targeting antibodies. To improve tissue penetration and shorten photosensitivity, we have recently introduced nanobodies, also known as VHH (variable domains from the heavy chain of llama heavy chain antibodies), for targeted PDT of cancer cells overexpressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Overexpression and activation of another cancer-related receptor, the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR, c-Met or Met) is also involved in the progression and metastasis of a large variety of malignancies. In this study we evaluate whether anti-Met VHHs conjugated to PS can also serve as a biopharmaceutical for targeted PDT. VHHs targeting the SEMA (semaphorin-like) subdomain of Met were provided with a C-terminal tag that allowed both straightforward purification from yeast supernatant and directional conjugation to the PS IRDye700DX using maleimide chemistry. The generated anti-Met VHH-PS showed nanomolar binding affinity and, upon illumination, specifically killed MKN45 cells with nanomolar potency. This study shows that Met can also serve as a membrane target for targeted PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimond Heukers
- QVQ Holding BV, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Vida Mashayekhi
- Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mercedes Ramirez-Escudero
- Crystal & Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans de Haard
- Argenx BVBA, Industriepark-Zwijnaarde 7, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Theo C Verrips
- QVQ Holding BV, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul M P van Bergen En Henegouwen
- Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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105
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Zakaly HMH, Mostafa MYA, Zhukovsky M. Dosimetry Assessment of Injected 89Zr-Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies in Humans. Radiat Res 2019; 191:466-474. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15321.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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106
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Sianturi J, Manabe Y, Li H, Chiu L, Chang T, Tokunaga K, Kabayama K, Tanemura M, Takamatsu S, Miyoshi E, Hung S, Fukase K. Development of α‐Gal–Antibody Conjugates to Increase Immune Response by Recruiting Natural Antibodies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julinton Sianturi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education Project Research Center for Fundamental Science Osaka University Japan
| | - Hao‐Sheng Li
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Li‐Ting Chiu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica Taiwan
| | - Tsung‐Che Chang
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kento Tokunaga
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education Project Research Center for Fundamental Science Osaka University Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Osaka Police Hospital Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation Graduate school of Medicine Osaka University Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation Graduate school of Medicine Osaka University Japan
| | | | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education Project Research Center for Fundamental Science Osaka University Japan
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107
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Sianturi J, Manabe Y, Li H, Chiu L, Chang T, Tokunaga K, Kabayama K, Tanemura M, Takamatsu S, Miyoshi E, Hung S, Fukase K. Development of α‐Gal–Antibody Conjugates to Increase Immune Response by Recruiting Natural Antibodies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4526-4530. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julinton Sianturi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education Project Research Center for Fundamental Science Osaka University Japan
| | - Hao‐Sheng Li
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Li‐Ting Chiu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica Taiwan
| | - Tsung‐Che Chang
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kento Tokunaga
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education Project Research Center for Fundamental Science Osaka University Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Osaka Police Hospital Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation Graduate school of Medicine Osaka University Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation Graduate school of Medicine Osaka University Japan
| | | | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education Project Research Center for Fundamental Science Osaka University Japan
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108
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Thoreau F, Vanwonterghem L, Henry M, Coll JL, Boturyn D. Design of RGD-ATWLPPR peptide conjugates for the dual targeting of α Vβ 3 integrin and neuropilin-1. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:4101-4107. [PMID: 29774910 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00669e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the tumour microenvironment is a promising strategy to detect and/or treat cancer. The design of selective compounds that co-target several receptors frequently overexpressed in solid tumours may allow a reliable and selective detection of tumours. Here we report the modular synthesis of compounds encompassing ligands of αVβ3 integrin and neuropilin-1 that are overexpressed in the tumour microenvironment. These compounds were then evaluated through cellular experiments and imaging of tumours in mice. We observed that the peptide that displays both ligands is more specifically accumulating in the tumours than in controls. Simultaneous interaction with αVβ3 integrin and NRP1 induces NRP1 stabilization at the cell membrane surface which is not observed with the co-injection of the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Thoreau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Department of Molecular Chemistry, UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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109
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Rios X, Compte M, Gómez-Vallejo V, Cossío U, Baz Z, Morcillo MÁ, Ramos-Cabrer P, Alvarez-Vallina L, Llop J. Immuno-PET Imaging and Pharmacokinetics of an Anti-CEA scFv-based Trimerbody and Its Monomeric Counterpart in Human Gastric Carcinoma-Bearing Mice. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1025-1035. [PMID: 30726099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently used as therapeutic agents in different types of cancer. However, mAbs and antibody fragments developed so far show suboptimal properties in terms of circulation time and tumor penetration/retention. Here, we report the radiolabeling, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and determination of tumor targeting capacity of the previously validated anti-CEA MFE23-scFv-based N-terminal trimerbody (MFE23N-trimerbody), and the results are compared to those obtained for the monomeric MFE23-scFv. Dissection and gamma-counting studies performed with the 131I-labeled protein scaffolds in normal mice showed slower blood clearance for the trimerbody, and accumulation in the kidneys, the spleen, and the liver for both species. These, together with a progressive uptake in the small intestine, confirm a combined elimination scheme with hepatobiliary and urinary excretion. Positron emission tomography studies performed in a xenograft mouse model of human gastric adenocarcinoma, generated by subcutaneous administration of CEA-positive human MKN45 cells, showed higher tumor accumulation and tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratios for 124I-labeled MFE23N-trimerbody than for MFE23-scFv. Specific uptake was not detected with PET imaging in CEA negative xenografts as indicated by low T/M ratios. Our data suggest that engineered intermediate-sized trivalent antibody fragments could be promising candidates for targeted therapy and imaging of CEA-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Rios
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group , CIC biomaGUNE , 20014 San Sebastián , Guipúzcoa , Spain
| | - Marta Compte
- Molecular Immunology Unit , Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda , Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Majadahonda, Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Unai Cossío
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group , CIC biomaGUNE , 20014 San Sebastián , Guipúzcoa , Spain
| | - Zuriñe Baz
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group , CIC biomaGUNE , 20014 San Sebastián , Guipúzcoa , Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit , CIEMAT , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Group , CIC biomaGUNE , 20014 San Sebastián , Guipúzcoa Spain.,Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Group, Department of Engineering , Aarhus University , Gustav WiedsVej 10 , 8000 C Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group , CIC biomaGUNE , 20014 San Sebastián , Guipúzcoa , Spain
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110
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Alves NJ. Antibody conjugation and formulation. Antib Ther 2019; 2:33-39. [PMID: 33928219 PMCID: PMC7990145 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era where ultra-high antibody concentrations, high viscosities, low volumes, auto-injectors and long storage requirements are already complex problems with the current unconjugated monoclonal antibodies on the market, the formulation demands for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are significant. Antibodies have historically been administered at relatively low concentrations through intravenous (IV) infusion due to their large size and the inability to formulate for oral delivery. Due to the high demands associated with IV infusion and the development of novel antibody targets and unique antibody conjugates, more accessible routes of administration such as intramuscular and subcutaneous are being explored. This review will summarize various site-specific and non-site-specific antibody conjugation techniques in the context of ADCs and the demands of formulation for high concentration clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Alves
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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111
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Tsuchimochi M, Yamaguchi H, Hayama K, Okada Y, Kawase T, Suzuki T, Tsubokawa N, Wada N, Ochiai A, Fujii S, Fujii H. Imaging of Metastatic Cancer Cells in Sentinel Lymph Nodes using Affibody Probes and Possibility of a Theranostic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E427. [PMID: 30669481 PMCID: PMC6359136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate detection of lymph node metastases is essential for treatment success in early-stage malignant cancer. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is the most effective procedure for detecting small or micrometastases that are undetectable by conventional imaging modalities. To demonstrate a new approach for developing a more efficient SLN biopsy procedure, we reported a two-stage imaging method combining lymphoscintigraphy and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging to depict metastatic cancer cells in SLNs in vivo. Furthermore, the theranostic potential of the combined procedure was examined by cell culture and xenograft mouse model. Anti-HER2 and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) affibody probes were used for NIR fluorescence imaging. Strong NIR fluorescence signal intensity of the anti-EGFR affibody probe was observed in SAS cells (EGFR positive). Radioactivity in the SLNs was clearly observed in the in vivo studies. High anti-EGFR affibody NIR fluorescence intensity was observed in the metastatic lymph nodes in mice. The addition of the IR700-conjugated anti-EGFR affibody to the culture medium decreased the proliferation of SAS cells. Decreased proliferation was shown in Ki-67 immunohistochemistry in xenograft tumors. Our data suggest that a two-stage combined imaging method using lymphoscintigraphy and affibody probes may offer the direct visualization of metastatic lymph nodes as an easily applied technique in SLN biopsy. Although further animal studies are required to assess the effect of treating lymphatic metastasis in this approach, our study results provide a foundation for the further development of this promising imaging and treatment strategy for earlier lymph node metastasis detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tsuchimochi
- Emeritus Professor, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, formerly of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
| | - Haruka Yamaguchi
- Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Kazuhide Hayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Okada
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Kawase
- Division of Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Division of Oral Bioengineering, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstitution, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8541, Japan.
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Norio Tsubokawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Wada
- Department of General Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Division of Biomarker Discovery, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Fujii
- Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
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112
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Mohamadi F, Shakibapour M, Sharafi SM, Reza AA, Tolouei S, Darani HY. Anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies attach to mouse cancer cell lines but not normal mouse lymphocytes. Biomed Rep 2019; 10:183-188. [PMID: 30906547 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is prevalent intracellular parasite and a cause of worldwide infection in the human population. An inhibitory effect of this parasite on cancer growth has been demonstrated in cell culture and animal models. To determine whether the anticancer activities of T. gondii are associated with host immune response, in the current study the reactivity of anti-T. gondii antiserum with the surface of cancer cell lines was investigated. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were raised in rabbit and the reaction of this antiserum in comparison with other anti-parasite antisera (anti-T. vaginalis, anti-hydatid cyst fluid, anti-protoscolices antigens) with mouse melanoma or breast cancer cells lines was investigated using flow cytometry. Anti-T. gondii antiserum reacted markedly with the surface of mouse melanoma and breast cancer cells, and less so with the normal mouse spleen lymphocytes. Meanwhile, the other anti-parasite antisera did not react strongly with the surface of cancer cells compared with normal mouse spleen lymphocytes. In summary, it has been demonstrated herein that anti-T. gondii antiserum may selectively react with the surface of mouse cancer cells but not with normal mouse spleen lymphocytes. Therefore, further study on anti-Toxoplasma antibodies may be useful for directing the application of selective drug delivery in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mohamadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shakibapour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Ali Andalib Reza
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Sepideh Tolouei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran.,Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
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113
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Jing X, Hou Y, Hallett W, Sahajwalla CG, Ji P. Key Physicochemical Characteristics Influencing ADME Properties of Therapeutic Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1148:115-129. [PMID: 31482497 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7709-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins are a rapidly growing class of drugs in clinical settings. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of therapeutic proteins relies on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. Moreover, the ADME properties of therapeutic proteins are impacted by their physicochemical characteristics. Comprehensive evaluation of these characteristics and their impact on ADME properties are critical to successful drug development. This chapter summarizes all relevant physicochemical characteristics and their effect on ADME properties of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jing
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, DV II, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Yan Hou
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, DV II, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - William Hallett
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, DV II, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Chandrahas G Sahajwalla
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, DV II, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ping Ji
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, DV II, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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114
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Maso K, Grigoletto A, Vicent MJ, Pasut G. Molecular platforms for targeted drug delivery. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 346:1-50. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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115
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Kumar NN, Pizzo ME, Nehra G, Wilken-Resman B, Boroumand S, Thorne RG. Passive Immunotherapies for Central Nervous System Disorders: Current Delivery Challenges and New Approaches. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3937-3966. [PMID: 30265523 PMCID: PMC7234797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Passive immunotherapy, i.e., the administration of exogenous antibodies that recognize a specific target antigen, has gained significant momentum as a potential treatment strategy for several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and brain cancer, among others. Advances in antibody engineering to create therapeutic antibody fragments or antibody conjugates have introduced new strategies that may also be applied to treat CNS disorders. However, drug delivery to the CNS for antibodies and other macromolecules has thus far proven challenging, due in large part to the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers that greatly restrict transport of peripherally administered molecules from the systemic circulation into the CNS. Here, we summarize the various passive immunotherapy approaches under study for the treatment of CNS disorders, with a primary focus on disease-specific and target site-specific challenges to drug delivery and new, cutting edge methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyanta N. Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of
Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy
| | - Michelle E. Pizzo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of
Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy
- Clinical Neuroengineering Training Program, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Geetika Nehra
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of
Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy
| | - Brynna Wilken-Resman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of
Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy
| | - Sam Boroumand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of
Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy
| | - Robert G. Thorne
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of
Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy
- Clinical Neuroengineering Training Program, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program & Center for
Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United
States
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Training Program,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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116
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Chen J, Gao Z, Li G, Wang TD. Dual-modal in vivo fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging using a heterodimeric peptide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13196-13199. [PMID: 30334022 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06774k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A heterodimeric peptide labeled with IRDye800 is used to perform dual-modal imaging of human esophageal xenograft tumors in vivo. Fluorescence and photoacoustic images provide complementary visualization of tumor dimensions in planar and sagittal views, respectively, demonstrating promise for targeted cancer diagnosis and staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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117
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Forte N, Chudasama V, Baker JR. Homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates via site-selective disulfide bridging. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 30:11-20. [PMID: 30553515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) constructed using site-selective labelling methodologies are likely to dominate the next generation of these targeted therapeutics. To this end, disulfide bridging has emerged as a leading strategy as it allows the production of highly homogeneous ADCs without the need for antibody engineering. It consists of targeting reduced interchain disulfide bonds with reagents which reconnect the resultant pairs of cysteine residues, whilst simultaneously attaching drugs. The 3 main reagent classes which have been exemplified for the construction of ADCs by disulfide bridging will be discussed in this review; bissulfones, next generation maleimides and pyridazinediones, along with others in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafsika Forte
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
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118
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Synergistic enzymatic and bioorthogonal reactions for selective prodrug activation in living systems. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5032. [PMID: 30487642 PMCID: PMC6261997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) restrict the maximum doses applicable in chemotherapy, which leads to failure in cancer treatment. Various approaches, including nano-drug and prodrug strategies aimed at reducing ADRs, have been developed, but these strategies have their own pitfalls. A renovated strategy for ADR reduction is urgently needed. Here, we employ an enzymatic supramolecular self-assembly process to accumulate a bioorthogonal decaging reaction trigger inside targeted cancer cells, enabling spatiotemporally controlled, synergistic prodrug activation. The bioorthogonally activated prodrug exhibits significantly enhanced potency against cancer cells compared with normal cells. This prodrug activation strategy further demonstrates high tumour inhibition efficacy with satisfactory biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and safety in vivo. We envision that integration of enzymatic and bioorthogonal reactions will serve as a general small-molecule-based strategy for alleviation of ADRs in chemotherapy.
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119
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Ismael MA, Khan JM, Malik A, Alsenaidy MA, Hidayathulla S, Khan RH, Sen P, Irfan M, Alsenaidy AM. Unraveling the molecular mechanism of the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate, salts, and sugars on amyloid fibril formation in camel IgG. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 170:430-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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120
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Banerjee SR, Kumar V, Lisok A, Plyku D, Nováková Z, Brummet M, Wharram B, Barinka C, Hobbs R, Pomper MG. Evaluation of 111In-DOTA-5D3, a Surrogate SPECT Imaging Agent for Radioimmunotherapy of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:400-406. [PMID: 30237212 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.214403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
5D3 is a new high-affinity murine monoclonal antibody specific for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PSMA is a target for the imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. 111In-labeled antibodies have been used as surrogates for 177Lu/90Y-labeled therapeutics. We characterized 111In-DOTA-5D3 by SPECT/CT imaging, tissue biodistribution studies, and dosimetry. Methods: Radiolabeling, stability, cell uptake, and internalization of 111In-DOTA-5D3 were performed by established techniques. Biodistribution and SPECT imaging were done on male nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice bearing human PSMA(+) PC3 PIP and PSMA(-) PC3 flu prostate cancer xenografts on the upper right and left flanks, respectively, at 2, 24, 48, 72, and 192 h after injection. Biodistribution was also evaluated in tumor-free, healthy male CD-1 mice. Blocking studies were performed by coinjection of a 10-fold and 50-fold excess of 5D3 followed by biodistribution at 24 h to determine PSMA binding specificity. The absorbed radiation doses were calculated on the basis of murine biodistribution data, which were translated to a human adult man using organ weights as implemented in OLINDA/EXM. Results: 111In-DOTA-5D3 was synthesized with specific activity of approximately 2.24 ± 0.74 MBq/μg (60.54 ± 20 μCi/μg). Distribution of 111In-DOTA-5D3 in PSMA(+) PC3 PIP tumor peaked at 24 h after injection and remained high until 72 h. Uptake in normal tissues, including the blood, spleen, liver, heart, and lungs, was highest at 2 h after injection. Coinjection of 111In-DOTA-5D3 with a 10- and 50-fold excess of nonradiolabeled antibody significantly reduced PSMA(+) PC3 PIP tumor and salivary gland uptake at 24 h but did not reduce uptake in kidneys and lacrimal glands. Significant clearance of 111In-DOTA-5D3 from all organs occurred at 192 h. The highest radiation dose was received by the liver (0.5 mGy/MBq), followed by the spleen and kidneys. Absorbed radiation doses to the salivary and lacrimal glands and bone marrow were low. Conclusion: 111In-DOTA-5D3 is a new radiolabeled antibody for imaging and a surrogate for therapy of malignant tissues expressing PSMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Ala Lisok
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Donika Plyku
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Zora Nováková
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Mary Brummet
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Bryan Wharram
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Hobbs
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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121
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Malek TJ, Gandhi SA, Barot V, Patel M, Patel UH. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of methyl 4-[( E)-2-(5-bromo-2-meth-oxy-benzyl-idene)hydrazin-yl]-3-nitro-benzoate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:1239-1243. [PMID: 30225108 PMCID: PMC6127684 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018011325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C16H14BrN3O5, is a novel halogen (Br) substituted hydrazine derivative. The hydrazine derivatives were the group of compounds with the general structure, R1R2C=NNH2 (Uppal et al., 2011 ▸), with the central RC=NNH2 moiety bridging two different groups on both sides. An all-trans configuration of the backbone (RC=NNH2) results in an extended mol-ecular conformation. The dihedral angle between the 5-bromo-2-meth-oxy-phenyl ring and the nitrophenyl ring is 4.4 (3)°. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O inter-actions form S(6) graph-set motifs, while C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N inter-actions form S(5) graph-set motifs. Symmetry-related mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O inter-molecular inter-actions forming an R21(10) graph-set motif. There are nearly face-to-face directional specific π-π stacking inter-actions between the centroids of the nitrophenyl ring and the benzene ring of the 5-bromo-2-meth-oxy group [centroid-centroid distance = 3.6121 (5) Å and slippage = 1.115 Å], which also contributes to the mol-ecular packing. The Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed in order to visualize, explore and qu-antify the inter-molecular inter-actions in the crystal lattice of the title compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvirbanu J. Malek
- LDRP–Institute of Technology & Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidhayalay, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Sahaj A. Gandhi
- Bhavan’s Shri I. L. Pandya Arts –Science and Smt. J. M. Shah Commerce College, Dakor, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay Barot
- P.G. Center in Chemistry, Smt. S. M. Panchal Science College, Talod, India
| | - Mukesh Patel
- P.G. Center in Chemistry, Smt. S. M. Panchal Science College, Talod, India
| | - Urmila H. Patel
- Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, India
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122
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123
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Boros E, Holland JP. Chemical aspects of metal ion chelation in the synthesis and application antibody-based radiotracers. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:652-671. [PMID: 29230857 PMCID: PMC5997514 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiometals are becoming increasingly accessible and are utilized frequently in the design of radiotracers for imaging and therapy. Nuclear properties ranging from the emission of γ-rays and β+ -particles (imaging) to Auger electron and β- and α-particles (therapy) in combination with long half-lives are ideally matched with the relatively long biological half-life of monoclonal antibodies in vivo. Radiometal labeling of antibodies requires the incorporation of a metal chelate onto the monoclonal antibody. This chelate must coordinate the metal under mild conditions required for the handling of antibodies, as well as provide high kinetic, thermodynamic, and metabolic stability once the metal ion is coordinated to prevent release of the radionuclide before the target site is reached in vivo. Herein, we review the role of different radiometals that have found applications of the design of radiolabeled antibodies for imaging and radioimmunotherapy. Each radionuclide is described regarding its nuclear synthesis, coordinative preference, and radiolabeling properties with commonly used and novel chelates, as well as examples of their preclinical and clinical applications. An overview of recent trends in antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals is provided to spur continued development of the chemistry and application of radiometals for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Boros
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, 100 Nicolls road, 11790 Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jason P. Holland
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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124
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Chen J, Zhou J, Gao Z, Li X, Wang F, Duan X, Li G, Joshi BP, Kuick R, Appelman HD, Wang TD. Multiplexed Targeting of Barrett's Neoplasia with a Heterobivalent Ligand: Imaging Study on Mouse Xenograft in Vivo and Human Specimens ex Vivo. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5323-5331. [PMID: 29870260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a molecularly heterogeneous disease that is rising rapidly in incidence and has poor prognosis. We developed a heterobivalent peptide to target detection of early Barrett's neoplasia by combining monomer heptapeptides specific for either EGFR or ErbB2 in a heterodimer configuration. The structure of a triethylene glycol linker was optimized to maximize binding interactions to the surface receptors on cells. The Cy5.5-labeled heterodimer QRH*-KSP*-E3-Cy5.5 demonstrated specific binding to each target and showed 3-fold greater fluorescence intensity and 2-fold higher affinity compared with those of either monomer alone. Peak uptake in xenograft tumors was observed at 2 h postinjection with systemic clearance by ∼24 h in vivo. Furthermore, ligand binding was evaluated on human esophageal specimens ex vivo, and 88% sensitivity and 87% specificity were found for the detection of either high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or EAC. This peptide heterodimer shows promise for targeted detection of early Barrett's neoplasia in clinical study.
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125
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Burnouf PA, Leu YL, Su YC, Wu K, Lin WC, Roffler SR. Reversible glycosidic switch for secure delivery of molecular nanocargos. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1843. [PMID: 29748577 PMCID: PMC5945669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drugs can leak from nanocarriers before reaching their cellular targets. Here we describe the concept of a chemical switch which responds to environmental conditions to alternate between a lipid-soluble state for efficient cargo loading and a water-soluble state for stable retention of cargos inside liposomes. A cue-responsive trigger allows release of the molecular cargo at specific cellular sites. We demonstrate the utility of a specific glycosidic switch for encapsulation of potent anticancer drugs and fluorescent compounds. Stable retention of drugs in liposomes allowed generation of high tumor/blood ratios of parental drug in tumors after enzymatic hydrolysis of the glycosidic switch in the lysosomes of cancer cells. Glycosidic switch liposomes could cure mice bearing human breast cancer tumors without significant weight loss. The chemical switch represents a general method to load and retain cargos inside liposomes, thereby offering new perspectives in engineering safe and effective liposomes for therapy and imaging. Retention of drugs loaded into liposomes is a major challenge to effective targeted drug delivery. Here, the authors report on the modification of drugs with a glycosidic pH sensitive switch to improve encapsulation and retention of drugs and demonstrate application in an in vivo cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alain Burnouf
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Leu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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126
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Taya M, Hammes SR. Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B (GPNMB) and Cancer: A Novel Potential Therapeutic Target. Steroids 2018; 133:102-107. [PMID: 29097143 PMCID: PMC6166407 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a transmembrane protein enriched on the cell surface of cancer cells, including melanoma, glioblastoma, and triple-negative breast cancer. There is growing evidence identifying GPNMB as a tumor-promoter; however, despite its biological and clinical significance, the molecular mechanisms engaged by GPNMB to promote tumorigenesis are not well understood. GPNMB promotes aggressive behaviors such as tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The extracellular domain of GPNMB shed from the cell surface interacts with integrins to facilitate in the recruitment of immune-suppressive and pro-angiogenic cells to the tumor microenvironment, thereby enhancing tumor migration and invasion. GPNMB also modulates receptor tyrosine kinases and integrin signaling in a cell autonomous fashion, leading to downstream kinase signaling that in turn triggers the expression and secretion of tumorigenic factors such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokines. Therefore, GPNMB exerts its pro-tumorigenic role both intracellularly and in a paracrine fashion through shedding its extracellular domain. This review highlights the importance of GPNMB in cancer progression and discusses molecular mediators of GPNMB-induced tumor growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Taya
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Stephen R Hammes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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127
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Adolf-Bryfogle J, Kalyuzhniy O, Kubitz M, Weitzner BD, Hu X, Adachi Y, Schief WR, Dunbrack RL. RosettaAntibodyDesign (RAbD): A general framework for computational antibody design. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006112. [PMID: 29702641 PMCID: PMC5942852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A structural-bioinformatics-based computational methodology and framework have been developed for the design of antibodies to targets of interest. RosettaAntibodyDesign (RAbD) samples the diverse sequence, structure, and binding space of an antibody to an antigen in highly customizable protocols for the design of antibodies in a broad range of applications. The program samples antibody sequences and structures by grafting structures from a widely accepted set of the canonical clusters of CDRs (North et al., J. Mol. Biol., 406:228-256, 2011). It then performs sequence design according to amino acid sequence profiles of each cluster, and samples CDR backbones using a flexible-backbone design protocol incorporating cluster-based CDR constraints. Starting from an existing experimental or computationally modeled antigen-antibody structure, RAbD can be used to redesign a single CDR or multiple CDRs with loops of different length, conformation, and sequence. We rigorously benchmarked RAbD on a set of 60 diverse antibody-antigen complexes, using two design strategies-optimizing total Rosetta energy and optimizing interface energy alone. We utilized two novel metrics for measuring success in computational protein design. The design risk ratio (DRR) is equal to the frequency of recovery of native CDR lengths and clusters divided by the frequency of sampling of those features during the Monte Carlo design procedure. Ratios greater than 1.0 indicate that the design process is picking out the native more frequently than expected from their sampled rate. We achieved DRRs for the non-H3 CDRs of between 2.4 and 4.0. The antigen risk ratio (ARR) is the ratio of frequencies of the native amino acid types, CDR lengths, and clusters in the output decoys for simulations performed in the presence and absence of the antigen. For CDRs, we achieved cluster ARRs as high as 2.5 for L1 and 1.5 for H2. For sequence design simulations without CDR grafting, the overall recovery for the native amino acid types for residues that contact the antigen in the native structures was 72% in simulations performed in the presence of the antigen and 48% in simulations performed without the antigen, for an ARR of 1.5. For the non-contacting residues, the ARR was 1.08. This shows that the sequence profiles are able to maintain the amino acid types of these conserved, buried sites, while recovery of the exposed, contacting residues requires the presence of the antigen-antibody interface. We tested RAbD experimentally on both a lambda and kappa antibody-antigen complex, successfully improving their affinities 10 to 50 fold by replacing individual CDRs of the native antibody with new CDR lengths and clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Adolf-Bryfogle
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Program in Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Oleks Kalyuzhniy
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center at TSRI, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael Kubitz
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Weitzner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Xiaozhen Hu
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Yumiko Adachi
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center at TSRI, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - William R. Schief
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center at TSRI, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Roland L. Dunbrack
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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128
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Kikkawa Y, Enomoto-Okawa Y, Fujiyama A, Fukuhara T, Harashima N, Sugawara Y, Negishi Y, Katagiri F, Hozumi K, Nomizu M, Ito Y. Internalization of CD239 highly expressed in breast cancer cells: a potential antigen for antibody-drug conjugates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6612. [PMID: 29700410 PMCID: PMC5919910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are attractive in cancer therapy because they can directly bind to cancer cells and provide anticancer activity. To kill cancer cells with ADCs, the target antigens are required not only to be highly and/or selectively expressed on cancer cells but also internalized by the cells. CD239, also known as the Lutheran blood group glycoprotein (Lu) or basal cell adhesion molecule (B-CAM), is a specific receptor for laminin α5, a major component of basement membranes. Here, we show that CD239 is strongly expressed in a subset of breast cancer cells and internalized into the cells. We also produced a human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) specific to CD239 fused with human IgG1 Fc, called C7-Fc. The binding affinity of the C7-Fc antibody is similar to that of mouse monoclonal antibodies. Although the C7-Fc antibody alone does not influence cellular functions, when conjugated with a fragment of diphtheria toxin lacking the receptor-binding domain (fDT), it can selectively kill breast cancer cells. Interestingly, fDT-bound C7-Fc shows anticancer activity in CD239-highly positive SKBR3 cells, but not in weakly positive cells. Our results show that CD239 is a promising antigen for ADC-based breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Kikkawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Yurie Enomoto-Okawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Aiko Fujiyama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuhara
- Laboratory of Oncology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nozomi Harashima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yumika Sugawara
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Katagiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hozumi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nomizu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
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129
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Carter BW, Bhosale PR, Yang WT. Immunotherapy and the role of imaging. Cancer 2018; 124:2906-2922. [PMID: 29671876 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Significant advances in the genetic and molecular characterization of cancer have led to the development of effective immunotherapies. These therapeutics help the host immune system recognize cancer as foreign, promote the immune system, and relieve the inhibition that allows growth and spread of tumors. Experience with various immunotherapies, particularly the immunomodulatory monoclonal antibody ipilimumab, has demonstrated that unique patterns of response may be encountered that cannot be adequately captured by traditional response criteria, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), which have been used primarily with cytotoxic chemotherapies. In response to these observations, several novel response criteria have been developed to evaluate patients who receive immunotherapy, including immune-related response criteria (irRC), immune-related RECIST (irRECIST), and immune RECIST (iRECIST). These criteria are typically used in conjunction with RECIST version 1.1 in the clinical trial setting, because approval of new therapeutics by the US Food and Drug Administration relies on the responses derived from RECIST version 1.1. Finally, a wide variety of immune-related adverse events may affect patients who receive immunotherapy, many of which can be identified on imaging studies such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 2-deoxy-2-(fluorine-18)fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography. In this review, the authors present the role of imaging in the evaluation of patients treated with immunotherapy, including the background and application of irRC, irRECIST, and iRECIST; the imaging of immune-related adverse events; and future directions in advanced imaging of immunotherapy. Cancer 2018;124:2906-22. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett W Carter
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Priya R Bhosale
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei T Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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130
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Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Transport of Nanobodies Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2018-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB) and a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier presents animmense challenge for effective delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system. Many potential drugs, which are effective at their site of action, have failed due to the lack of distribution in sufficient quantity to the central nervous system (CNS). In consequence, many diseases of the central nervous system remain undertreated. Antibodies, IgG for example, are difficult to deliver to the CNS due to their size (~155 kDa), physico-chemical properties and the presence of Fc receptor on the blood-brain barrier. Smaller antibodies, like the recently developed nanobodies, may overcome the obstacle of the BBB and enter into the CNS. The nanobodies are the smallest available antigen-binding fragments harbouring the full antigenbinding capacity of conventional antibodies. They represent a new generation of therapeutics with exceptional properties, such as: recognition of unique epitopes, target specificity, high affinity, high solubility, high stability and high expression yields in cost-effective recombinant production. Their ability to permeate across the BBBmakes thema promising alternative for central nervous system disease therapeutics. In this review, we have systematically presented different aspects of the BBB, drug delivery mechanisms employed to cross the BBB, and finally nanobodies — a potential therapeutic molecule against neuroinfections.
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131
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Aguiar S, Dias J, Manuel AM, Russo R, Gois PMP, da Silva FA, Goncalves J. Chimeric Small Antibody Fragments as Strategy to Deliver Therapeutic Payloads. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 112:143-182. [PMID: 29680236 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent an innovative class of biopharmaceuticals, which aim at achieving a site-specific delivery of cytotoxic agents to the target cell. The use of ADCs represents a promising strategy to overcome the disadvantages of conventional pharmacotherapy of cancer or neurological diseases, based on cytotoxic or immunomodulatory agents. ADCs consist of monoclonal antibodies attached to biologically active drugs by means of cleavable chemical linkers. Advances in technologies for the coupling of antibodies to cytotoxic drugs promise to deliver greater control of drug pharmacokinetic properties and to significantly improve pharmacodelivery applications, minimizing exposure of healthy tissue. The clinical success of brentuximab vedotin and trastuzumab emtansine has led to an extensive expansion of the clinical ADC pipeline. Although the concept of an ADC seems simple, designing a successful ADC is complex and requires careful selection of the receptor antigen, antibody, linker, and payload. In this review, we explore insights in the antibody and antigen requirements needed for optimal payload delivery and support the development of novel and improved ADCs for the treatment of cancer and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Aguiar
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Dias
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Manuel
- iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Roberto Russo
- iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro M P Gois
- iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico A da Silva
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joao Goncalves
- iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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132
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Zettlitz KA, Tsai WTK, Knowles SM, Kobayashi N, Donahue TR, Reiter RE, Wu AM. Dual-Modality Immuno-PET and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer Using an Anti-Prostate Stem Cell Antigen Cys-Diabody. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1398-1405. [PMID: 29602820 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.207332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate due to late diagnosis and the tendency to invade surrounding tissues and metastasize at an early stage. A molecular imaging agent that enables both presurgery antigen-specific PET (immuno-PET) and intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) guidance might benefit diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, staging, and surgical resection, which remains the only curative treatment. Methods: We developed a dual-labeled probe based on A2 cys-diabody (A2cDb) targeting the cell-surface prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), which is expressed in most pancreatic cancers. Maleimide-IRDye800CW was site-specifically conjugated to the C-terminal cys-tag (A2cDb-800) without impairing integrity or affinity (half-maximal binding, 4.3 nM). Direct radioiodination with 124I (124I-A2cDb-800) yielded a specific activity of 159 ± 48 MBq/mg with a radiochemical purity exceeding 99% and 65% ± 4.5% immunoreactivity (n = 3). In vivo specificity for PSCA-expressing tumor cells and biodistribution of the dual-modality tracer were evaluated in a prostate cancer xenograft model and compared with single-labeled 124I-A2cDb. Patient-derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenografts (PDX-PDACs) were grown subcutaneously in NSG mice and screened for PSCA expression by immuno-PET. Small-animal PET/CT scans of PDX-PDAC-bearing mice were obtained using the dual-modality 124I-A2cDb-800 followed by postmortem NIRF imaging with the skin removed. Tumors and organs were analyzed ex vivo to compare the relative fluorescent signals without obstruction by other organs. Results: Specific uptake in PSCA-positive tumors and low nonspecific background activity resulted in high-contrast immuno-PET images. Concurrent with the PET studies, fluorescent signal was observed in the PSCA-positive tumors of mice injected with the dual-tracer 124I-A2cDb-800, with low background uptake or autofluorescence in the surrounding tissue. Ex vivo biodistribution confirmed comparable tumor uptake of both 124I-A2cDb-800 and 124I-A2cDb. Conclusion: Dual-modality imaging using the anti-PSCA cys-diabody resulted in high-contrast immuno-PET/NIRF images of PDX-PDACs, suggesting that this imaging agent might offer both noninvasive whole-body imaging to localize PSCA-positive pancreatic cancer and fluorescence image-guided identification of tumor margins during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, California .,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wen-Ting K Tsai
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott M Knowles
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Naoko Kobayashi
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Urology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Timothy R Donahue
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert E Reiter
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Urology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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133
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Nasiri H, Valedkarimi Z, Aghebati‐Maleki L, Majidi J. Antibody‐drug conjugates: Promising and efficient tools for targeted cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6441-6457. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Zahra Valedkarimi
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Leili Aghebati‐Maleki
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Jafar Majidi
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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134
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Wang H, Wu J, Xu L, Xie K, Chen C, Dong Y. Albumin nanoparticle encapsulation of potent cytotoxic therapeutics shows sustained drug release and alleviates cancer drug toxicity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:2618-2621. [PMID: 28195282 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08978j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We here provide the first report on the construction of nanoparticles formulating highly potent cytotoxic therapeutics using albumin. Maytansinoid DM1 can be efficiently integrated into albumin nanoparticles, resulting in remarkable alleviation of in vivo drug toxicity and expanding the repertoire of albumin technology available for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaping Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China.
| | - Li Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China.
| | - Ke Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, P. R. China
| | - Yuehan Dong
- Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Economic and Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
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135
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Fatima Z, Guo P, Huang D, Lu Q, Wu Q, Dai M, Cheng G, Peng D, Tao Y, Ayub M, Ul Qamar MT, Ali MW, Wang X, Yuan Z. The critical role of p16/Rb pathway in the inhibition of GH3 cell cycle induced by T-2 toxin. Toxicology 2018; 400-401:28-39. [PMID: 29567467 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a worldwide trichothecenetoxin and can cause various toxicities.T-2 toxin is involved in G1 phase arrest in several cell lines but molecular mechanism is still not clear. In present study, we used rat pituitary GH3 cells to investigate the mechanism involved in cell cycle arrest against T-2 toxin (40 nM) for 12, 24, 36 and 48 h as compared to control cells. GH3 cells showed a considerable increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as loss in mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ym) upon exposure to the T-2 toxin. Flow cytometry showed a significant time-dependent increase in percentage of apoptotic cells and gel electrophoresis showed the hallmark of apoptosis oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Additionally, T-2 toxin-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage with a time-dependent significant increased expression of p53 favors the apoptotic process by the activation of caspase-3 in T-2 toxin treated cells. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry revealed a time-dependent increase ofG1 cell population along with the significant time-dependent up-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of p16 and p21 and significant down-regulation of cyclin D1, CDK4, and p-RB levels further verify the G1 phase arrest in GH3 cells. Morphology of GH3 cells by TEM clearly showed the damage and dysfunction to mitochondria and the cell nucleus. These findings for the first time demonstrate that T-2 toxin induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest by the involvement of p16/Rb pathway, along with ROS mediated oxidative stress and DNA damage with p53 and caspase cascade interaction, resulting in apoptosis in GH3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Fatima
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Guo
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Deyu Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Qirong Lu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Menghong Dai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Dapeng Peng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Muhammad Waqar Ali
- College of Plant Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China.
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136
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Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy: a comparison of light dosing schedules. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35069-35075. [PMID: 28456784 PMCID: PMC5471035 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly-developed cancer therapy in which a monoclonal antibody is conjugated to a near-infrared photoabsorber, IR700 to form an antibody photoabsorber conjugate (APC). After the APC binds to cancer cells expressing the cognate antigen, exposure to NIR light results in rapid, highly selective necrotic cell death of the cancer cells with minimal off-target effects. Several hours after NIR-PIT, the tumor vessels become supraphysiologically permeable and circulating APC can therefore readily leak into the already-treated tumor space where it can bind with viable cancer cells that is called super-enhanced permeability and retention effect. The presence of the SUPR effect after NIR-PIT has prompted regimens in which there is a repeat exposure of NIR light 24 hours after the initial NIR-PIT to take advantage of the leakage of additional APC deeper into the tumor. However, this post-treatment APC penetration was fully induced within 3 hours, therefore, it is possible that repeated exposures of NIR light could be administered much earlier than 24 hours and still produce the same effects. To test this idea, we compared several modes of delivering additional doses of light after initial NIR-PIT. We found that repeated exposures of NIR light starting 3 hours after initial NIR-PIT produced equal or superior results to more delayed exposures of NIR light. This finding has practical implications of an easy-to-perform regimen as repeated light exposures could be performed during a single day rather than extending the procedure over two days which is the current recommendation.
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137
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Beaudoin S, Paquette M, Fafard-Couture L, Tremblay MA, Lecomte R, Guérin B, Leyton JV. Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29578523 DOI: 10.3791/55440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-conjugates (ACs) modified with virus-derived peptides are a potentially powerful class of tumor cell delivery agents for molecular payloads used in cancer treatment and imaging due to increased cellular accumulation over current ACs. During early AC in vitro development, fluorescence techniques and radioimmunoassays are sufficient for determining intracellular localization, accumulation efficiency, and target cell specificity. Currently, there is no consensus on standardized methods for preparing cells for evaluating AC intracellular accumulation and localization. The initial testing of ACs modified with virus-derived peptides is critical especially if several candidates have been constructed. Determining intracellular accumulation by fluorescence can be affected by background signal from ACs at the cell surface and complicate the interpretation of accumulation. For radioimmunoassays, typically treated cells are fractionated and the radioactivity in different cell compartments measured. However, cell lysis varies from cell to cell and often nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments are not adequately isolated. This can produce misleading data on payload delivery properties. The intravenous injection of radiolabeled virus-derived peptide-modified ACs in tumor bearing mice followed by radionuclide imaging is a powerful method for determining tumor targeting and payload delivery properties at the in vivo phase of development. However, this is a relatively recent advancement and few groups have evaluated virus-derived peptide-modified ACs in this manner. We describe the processing of treated cells to more accurately evaluate virus-derived peptide-modified AC accumulation when using confocal microscopy and radioimmunoassays. Specifically, a method for trypsinizing cells to remove cell surface bound ACs. We also provide a method for improving cellular fractionation. Lastly, this protocol provides an in vivo method using positron emission tomography (PET) for evaluating initial tumor targeting properties in tumor-bearing mice. We use the radioisotope 64Cu (t1/2 = 12.7 h) as an example payload in this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Beaudoin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke
| | - Michel Paquette
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke
| | | | - Mylene A Tremblay
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke
| | - Roger Lecomte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center (CIMS), Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Institute of Pharmacology
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center (CIMS), Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Institute of Pharmacology
| | - Jeffrey V Leyton
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center (CIMS), Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Institute of Pharmacology;
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138
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Qin J, Yang L, Sheng X, Sa Z, Huang T, Li Q, Gao K, Chen Q, Ma J, Shen H. Antitumor effects of brucine immuno-nanoparticles on hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6137-6146. [PMID: 29731843 PMCID: PMC5920962 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that brucine is able to inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells and growth of animal tumors, and may be a promising anticancer drug. However, high toxicity, poor water solubility, short half-life, narrow therapeutic window, and similar therapeutic and toxic doses limit its clinical application in the treatment of malignant tumors. In our previous study, brucine immuno-nanoparticles were successfully prepared and added to the culture medium of liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells, and the results indicated that the brucine immuno-nanoparticles were able to target the cell membrane of liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells and significantly inhibit the proliferation, adhesion, invasion and metastasis of SMMC-7721 cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor effect of brucine immuno-nanoparticles in vivo by establishing an in situ transplanted liver cancer in nude mice. The results indicated that in vivo application of the brucine immuno-nanoparticles resulted in temporary liver and kidney damage, and significantly reduced the α-fetoprotein (AFP) secretion of tumor cells (Bru-NP-MAb vs. the other groups; P<0.05). The brucine concentration of tumor tissues in the brucine immuno-nanoparticles group was significantly increased compared with that of the brucine nanoparticles group (Bru-NP-MAb vs. Bru-NP group or brucine group; P<0.05). The brucine immuno-nanoparticles were able to inhibit tumor growth and cluster of differentiation 34 expression and angiogenesis of tumor tissues, and induce the apoptosis of tumor cells (Bru-NP-MAb vs. Bru-NP group or brucine group; P<0.05). In conclusion, as a novel type of targeted drug, brucine nanoparticles combined with anti-AFP monoclonal antibodies was more effective compared with brucine nanoparticles or brucine alone in inhibiting tumor growth via the enhancement of apoptosis, and the suppression of proliferation and angiogenesis in vivo. Therefore, the brucine immuno-nanoparticle is a promising targeted drug for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Xia Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqiu Sa
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Kepan Gao
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Hebai Shen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
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139
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Dias GM, Ramogida CF, Rousseau J, Zacchia NA, Hoehr C, Schaffer P, Lin KS, Bénard F. 89 Zr for antibody labeling and in vivo studies – A comparison between liquid and solid target production. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 58:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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140
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Marcinkowska M, Sobierajska E, Stanczyk M, Janaszewska A, Chworos A, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Conjugate of PAMAM Dendrimer, Doxorubicin and Monoclonal Antibody-Trastuzumab: The New Approach of a Well-Known Strategy. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020187. [PMID: 30966223 PMCID: PMC6414888 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The strategy utilizing trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER-2), as a therapeutic agent in HER-2 positive breast cancer therapy seems to have advantage over traditional chemotherapy, especially when given in combination with anticancer drugs. However, the effectiveness of single antibody or antibody conjugated with chemotherapeutics is still far from ideal. Antibody–dendrimer conjugates hold the potential to improve the targeting and release of active substance at the tumor site. In the present study, we developed and synthesized PAMAM dendrimer–trastuzumab conjugates carrying doxorubicin (dox) specifically to cells overexpressing HER-2. 1HNMR, FTIR and RP-HPLC were used to characterize the products and analyze their purity. Toxicity of PAMAM–trastuzumab and PAMAM–dox–trastuzumab conjugates compared with free trastuzumab and doxorubicin towards HER-2 positive (SKBR-3) and negative (MCF-7) human breast cancer cell lines was determined using MTT assay. Furthermore, the cellular uptake and cellular localization were studied by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, respectively. A cytotoxicity profile of above mentioned compounds indicated that conjugate PAMAM–dox–trastuzumab was more effective when compared to free drug or the conjugate PAMAM–trastuzumab. Moreover, these results reveal that trastuzumab can be used as a targeting agent in PAMAM–dox–trastuzumab conjugate. Therefore PAMAM–dox–trastuzumab conjugate might be an interesting proposition which could lead to improvements in the effectiveness of drug delivery systems for tumors that overexpress HER-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Marcinkowska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Sobierajska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Maciej Stanczyk
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-509 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Janaszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Chworos
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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141
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In situ protein detection with enhanced specificity using DNA-conjugated antibodies and proximity ligation. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:253-263. [PMID: 28937142 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are important tools in anatomical pathology and research, but the quality of in situ protein detection by immunohistochemistry greatly depends on the choice of antibodies and the abundance of the targeted proteins. Many antibodies used in scientific research do not meet requirements for specificity and sensitivity. Accordingly, methods that improve antibody performance and produce quantitative data can greatly advance both scientific investigations and clinical diagnostics based on protein expression and in situ localization. We demonstrate here protocols for antibody labeling that allow specific protein detection in tissues via bright-field in situ proximity ligation assays, where each protein molecule must be recognized by two antibodies. We further demonstrate that single polyclonal antibodies or purified serum preparations can be used for these dual recognition assays. The requirement for protein recognition by pairs of antibody conjugates can significantly improve specificity of protein detection over single-binder assays.
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142
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Chen Y, Li J, Oupický D. Conjugate Polyplexes with Anti-Invasive Properties and Improved siRNA Delivery In Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:296-305. [PMID: 29338191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on a simple method to prepare siRNA-polycation conjugate polyplexes by in situ thiol-disulfide exchange reaction. The conjugate polyplexes are prepared using thiol-terminated siRNA and a bioreducible branched polycationic inhibitor of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor (rPAMD). The rPAMD-SS-siRNA conjugate polyplexes exhibit improved colloidal stability and resistance against disassembly with heparin, serum, and physiological salt concentrations when compared with control conventional rPAMD/siRNA polyplexes. Coating the polyplexes with human serum albumin masks the positive surface charge and contributes to the enhanced in vitro gene silencing and improved safety in vivo. The conjugate polyplexes display improved in vivo reporter gene silencing following intravenous injection in tumor-bearing mice. Because the conjugate polyplexes retained the ability of rPAMD to inhibit CXCR4 and restrict cancer cell invasion, the developed systems show promise for future combination anti-metastatic siRNA therapies of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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143
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Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78154-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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144
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Greineder CF, Villa CH, Walsh LR, Kiseleva RY, Hood ED, Khoshnejad M, Warden-Rothman R, Tsourkas A, Muzykantov VR. Site-Specific Modification of Single-Chain Antibody Fragments for Bioconjugation and Vascular Immunotargeting. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:56-66. [PMID: 29200285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation of antibodies to drugs and drug carriers improves delivery to target tissues. Widespread implementation and effective translation of this pharmacologic strategy awaits the development of affinity ligands capable of a defined degree of modification and highly efficient bioconjugation without loss of affinity. To date, such ligands are lacking for the targeting of therapeutics to vascular endothelial cells. To enable site-specific, click-chemistry conjugation to therapeutic cargo, we used the bacterial transpeptidase, sortase A, to attach short azidolysine containing peptides to three endothelial-specific single chain antibody fragments (scFv). While direct fusion of a recognition motif (sortag) to the scFv C-terminus generally resulted in low levels of sortase-mediated modification, improved reaction efficiency was observed for one protein, in which two amino acids had been introduced during cloning. This prompted insertion of a short, semi-rigid linker between scFv and sortag. The linker significantly enhanced modification of all three proteins, to the extent that unmodified scFv could no longer be detected. As proof of principle, purified, azide-modified scFv was conjugated to the antioxidant enzyme, catalase, resulting in robust endothelial targeting of functional cargo in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Greineder
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carlos H Villa
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Landis R Walsh
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Raisa Y Kiseleva
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Makan Khoshnejad
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert Warden-Rothman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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145
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Doroshow DB, LoRusso PM. Trastuzumab emtansine: determining its role in management of HER2+ breast cancer. Future Oncol 2017; 14:589-602. [PMID: 29214842 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab emtansine is an antibody-drug conjugate comprised of the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab linked to DM1 (emtansine), a potent cytotoxic maytansinoid derivative, by a stable linker. This structure results in improved tumor-directed cytotoxicity in HER2+ breast cancer with reduced systemic toxicities, particularly the cardiac toxicities associated with single agent trastuzumab. Phase III trials have demonstrated improved progression-free and overall survival in heavily pretreated patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer, with an acceptable toxicity profile. However, its role in first-line treatment is less clear. Ongoing studies continue to evaluate its role in neoadjuvant and adjuvant management of HER2+ breast cancer.
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146
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Mochida A, Ogata F, Nagaya T, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Activatable fluorescent probes in fluorescence-guided surgery: Practical considerations. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:925-930. [PMID: 29242021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided imaging during surgery is a promising technique that is increasingly used to aid surgeons in identifying sites of tumor and surgical margins. Of the two types of fluorescent probes, always-on and activatable, activatable probes are preferred because they produce higher target-to-background ratios, thus improving sensitivity compared with always-on probes that must contend with considerable background signal. There are two types of activatable probes: 1) enzyme-reactive probes that are normally quenched but can be activated after cleavage by cancer-specific enzymes (activity-based probes) and 2) molecular-binding probes which use cancer targeting moieties such as monoclonal antibodies to target receptors found in abundance on cancers and are activated after internalization and lysosomal processing (binding-based probes). For fluorescence-guided intraoperative surgery, enzyme-reactive probes are superior because they can react quickly, require smaller dosages especially for topical applications, have limited side effects, and have favorable pharmacokinetics. Enzyme-reactive probes are easier to use, fit better into existing work flows in the operating room and have minimal toxicity. Although difficult to prove, it is assumed that the guidance provided to surgeons by these probes results in more effective surgeries with better outcomes for patients. In this review, we compare these two types of activatable fluorescent probes for their ease of use and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Mochida
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Fusa Ogata
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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147
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Bzymek KP, Ma Y, Avery KN, Horne DA, Williams JC. Meditope-Fab interaction: threading the hole. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:688-694. [PMID: 29199990 PMCID: PMC5713674 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17016272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Meditope, a cyclic 12-residue peptide, binds to a unique binding side between the light and heavy chains of the cetuximab Fab. In an effort to improve the affinity of the interaction, it was sought to extend the side chain of Arg8 in the meditope, a residue that is accessible from the other side of the meditope binding site, in order to increase the number of interactions. These modifications included an n-butyl and n-octyl extension as well as hydroxyl, amine and carboxyl substitutions. The atomic structures of the complexes and the binding kinetics for each modified meditope indicated that each extension threaded through the Fab `hole' and that the carboxyethylarginine substitution makes a favorable interaction with the Fab, increasing the half-life of the complex by threefold compared with the unmodified meditope. Taken together, these studies provide a basis for the design of additional modifications to enhance the overall affinity of this unique interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof P. Bzymek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1710 Flower Street, Duarte, CA 91101, USA
| | - Yuelong Ma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1710 Flower Street, Duarte, CA 91101, USA
| | - Kendra N. Avery
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1710 Flower Street, Duarte, CA 91101, USA
| | - David A. Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1710 Flower Street, Duarte, CA 91101, USA
| | - John C. Williams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1710 Flower Street, Duarte, CA 91101, USA
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148
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El-Saied FA, Shakdofa MM, Tabl ASE, Abd-Elzaher MM, Morsy N. Coordination versatility of N 2 O 4 polydentate hydrazonic ligand in Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II) and Pd(II) complexes and antimicrobial evaluation. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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149
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Wu Q, Wang X, Nepovimova E, Miron A, Liu Q, Wang Y, Su D, Yang H, Li L, Kuca K. Trichothecenes: immunomodulatory effects, mechanisms, and anti-cancer potential. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3737-3785. [PMID: 29152681 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paradoxically, trichothecenes have both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory effects. The underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. Early studies show that dose, exposure timing, and the time at which immune function is assessed influence whether trichothecenes act in an immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory fashion. Recent studies suggest that the immunomodulatory function of trichothecenes is also actively shaped by competing cell-survival and death-signaling pathways. Autophagy may also promote trichothecene immunosuppression, although the mechanism may be complicated. Moreover, trichothecenes may generate an "immune evasion" milieu that allows pathogens to escape host and vaccine immune defenses. Some trichothecenes, especially macrocyclic trichothecenes, also potently kill cancer cells. T-2 toxin conjugated with anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies significantly suppresses the growth of thymoma EL-4 cells and colon cancer cells. The type B trichothecene diacetoxyscirpenol specifically inhibits the tumor-promoting factor HIF-1 in cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Trichothecin markedly inhibits the growth of multiple cancer cells with constitutively activated NF-κB. The type D macrocyclic toxin Verrucarin A is also a promising therapeutic candidate for leukemia, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The anti-cancer activities of trichothecenes have not been comprehensively summarized. Here, we first summarize the data on the immunomodulatory effects of trichothecenes and discuss recent studies that shed light on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. These mechanisms include autophagy and major signaling pathways and their crosstalk. Second, the anti-cancer potential of trichothecenes and the underlying mechanisms will be discussed. We hope that this review will show how trichothecene bioactivities can be exploited to generate therapies against pathogens and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Iasi, Romania
| | - Qianying Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Dongxiao Su
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Hualin Yang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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150
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Resende R, Torres H, Yuahasi K, Majumder P, Ulrich H. Delivery Systems for in Vivo use of Nucleic Acid Drugs. Drug Target Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117739280700200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R.R. Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - H.A.M. Torres
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - K.K. Yuahasi
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Present address
| | - P Majumder
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - H Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
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