101
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Novotný F, Urbanová V, Plutnar J, Pumera M. Preserving Fine Structure Details and Dramatically Enhancing Electron Transfer Rates in Graphene 3D-Printed Electrodes via Thermal Annealing: Toward Nitroaromatic Explosives Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35371-35375. [PMID: 31525017 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) represents one of the nine pillars of the new industrial revolution. Owing to the enthusiastic utilization of this technology by the wider professional and amateur communities, AM is becoming a driving force in the manufacturing sector due to its fast expansion and the availability of cheap and robust 3D printers. The 3D printing, especially the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method, has previously been utilized to fabricate carbon/polylactic acid (PLA) electrodes for electrochemical setups. Such electrodes require activation from their pristine state for improved conductivity, so far achieved by chemical treatment. Herein, a new simple physical thermal annealing method to activate graphene-based PLA electrodes is presented. The graphene/PLA electrodes are fabricated via FDM 3D printing using a commercial graphene-polymer composite conductive filament and subjected to thermal and chemical activation with a subsequent electrochemical pre-treatment. The thermally annealed electrodes exhibit faster electron transfer than the chemically activated or non-treated electrodes in the inner sphere redox probe ferro/ferricyanide. The thermally activated graphene/PLA electrodes are also successfully employed as a low-cost alternative to nitroaromatic explosive sensors. This chemical-free activation method is a facile, fast, and simple route to activate conductive carbon/PLA 3D prints, which increases the electric conductivity and preserves the fine details of the printed objects, making this activation method relevant to a broad range of applied fields utilizing conductive polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Novotný
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Dept. of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague , Technická 5 , Prague CZ-166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Urbanová
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Dept. of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague , Technická 5 , Prague CZ-166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Plutnar
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Dept. of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague , Technická 5 , Prague CZ-166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Dept. of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague , Technická 5 , Prague CZ-166 28 Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 , Korea
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkyňova 656/123 , Brno CZ-616 00 , Czech Republic
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102
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Barthels F, Barthels U, Schwickert M, Schirmeister T. FINDUS: An Open-Source 3D Printable Liquid-Handling Workstation for Laboratory Automation in Life Sciences. SLAS Technol 2019; 25:190-199. [PMID: 31540570 DOI: 10.1177/2472630319877374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
3D-printed laboratory devices can enable ambitious research purposes even at a low-budget level. To follow this trend, here we describe the construction, calibration, and usage of the FINDUS (Fully Integrable Noncommercial Dispensing Utility System). We report the successful 3D printing and assembly of a liquid-handling workstation for less than $400. Using this setup, we achieve reliable and flexible liquid-dispensing automation with relative pipetting errors of less than 0.3%. We show our system is well suited for several showcase applications from both the biology and chemistry fields. In support of the open-source spirit, we make all 3D models, assembly instructions, and source code available for free download, rebuild, and modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Barthels
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Barthels
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marvin Schwickert
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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103
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Sandwich type selenotungstate derivates [M2(Se2W19O67)(H2O)3]8− (M = CoII or MnII) as co-catalyst of tetrabutylammonium bromide for CO2 cycloaddition to epoxides under mild conditions. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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104
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Uhlemann J, Costa R, Charpentier JC. Product Design and Engineering in Chemical Engineering: Past, Present State, and Future. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Uhlemann
- Bayer AG Head of Environmental Science Formulation Technology Crop Science Division Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50 40789 Monheim Germany
| | - Raquel Costa
- University of Coimbra CIEPQPF – Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center Department of Chemical Engineering Rua Silvio Lima 3030-790 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Jean-Claude Charpentier
- Université de Lorraine Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés CNRS – ENSIC 1, rue Grandville 54000 Nancy France
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105
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Sanchez Díaz-Marta A, Yáñez S, Tubío CR, Barrio VL, Piñeiro Y, Pedrido R, Rivas J, Amorín M, Guitián F, Coelho A. Multicatalysis Combining 3D-Printed Devices and Magnetic Nanoparticles in One-Pot Reactions: Steps Forward in Compartmentation and Recyclability of Catalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25283-25294. [PMID: 31268288 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A tricatalytic compartmentalized system that immobilizes metallic species to perform one-pot sequential functionalization is described: a three-dimensional (3D)-printed palladium monolith, ferritic copper(I) magnetic nanoparticles, and a 3D-printed polypropylene capsule-containing copper(II) loaded onto polystyrene-supported 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (PS-TBD) allowed the rapid synthesis of diverse substituted 1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazoles. The procedure is based on the Chan-Lam azidation/copper alkyne-azide cycloaddition/Suzuki reaction strategy in the solution phase. This catalytic system enabled the efficient assembly of the final compounds in high yields without the need for special additives or intermediate isolation. The monolithic catalyst-containing immobilized palladium species was synthesized by surface chemical modification of a 3D-printed silica monolith using a soluble polyimide resin as a key reagent, thus creating an extremely robust composite. All three immobilized catalysts described here were easily recovered and reused in numerous cycles. This work exemplifies the role of 3D printing in the design and manufacture of devices for compartmented multicatalytic systems to carry out complex one-pot transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen R Tubío
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures , UPV/EHU , Science Park, 48940 Leioa , Spain
| | - V Laura Barrio
- Escuela de Ingeniería , Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) , Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo , 48013 , Bilbao , Spain
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106
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1D Coordination Polymer Based on the [Mo36O114(H2O)14]12− Building Block with [Cu(H2O)2]2+ Linker Exhibiting Electrocatalytic Activities for H2O2 Reduction. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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107
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Gao Q, Xu L, Gong JY, Hu DH, Yang J. Sequential Synthesis of 3d–3d Heterometallic Complexes Based on Lacunary Molybdovanadate with Magnetic Properties and Electrocatalytic Activities for Ascorbic Acid. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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108
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Penny MR, Rao ZX, Peniche BF, Hilton ST. Modular 3D Printed Compressed Air Driven Continuous-Flow Systems for Chemical Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Penny
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry; UCL School of Pharmacy; 29-39 Brunswick Square WC1N 1AX London United Kingdom
| | - Zenobia X. Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry; UCL School of Pharmacy; 29-39 Brunswick Square WC1N 1AX London United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Felício Peniche
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 1649-003 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Stephen T. Hilton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry; UCL School of Pharmacy; 29-39 Brunswick Square WC1N 1AX London United Kingdom
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109
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3D-printed CuO nanoparticle–functionalized flow reactor enables online fluorometric monitoring of glucose. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:404. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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110
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Rohaizad N, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Novotný F, Webster RD, Pumera M. 3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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111
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Rindelaub JD, Baird Z, Lindner BA, Strantz AA. Identifying extractable profiles from 3D printed medical devices. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217137. [PMID: 31116763 PMCID: PMC6530847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the ability to create customizable products tailored to individual patients, the use of 3D printed medical devices has rapidly increased in recent years. Despite such interest in these materials, a risk assessment based on the material characterization of final device extracts—as per regulatory guidance—has not yet been completed, even though the printing process may potentially impact the leachability of polymer components. To further our understanding of the chemical impact of 3D printed medical devices, this study investigated the extractable profiles of four different materials, including a PLA polymer advertised as “FDA-approved”. The fusion deposition modeling (FDM) printing process created distinct chemical and physical signatures in the extracts of certain materials. The application of an annealing procedure to printed devices led to a substantial decrease in extractable components by as much as a factor of 50. In addition, the use of a brass printing nozzle led to an increase in the amount of Pb detected in 3D printed device extracts. The data generated provides valuable information that can be used to help assess extractable risks of 3D printed medical devices, assist with future 3D printing designs, and may provide insight for agencies tasked with governing 3D printed medical device regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D. Rindelaub
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
- * E-mail:
| | - Zane Baird
- Train Industries, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Lindner
- Pace Analytical Life Sciences, Oakdale, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Angela A. Strantz
- Pace Analytical Life Sciences, Oakdale, Minnesota, United States of America
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112
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Gusmão R, Browne MP, Sofer Z, Pumera M. The capacitance and electron transfer of 3D-printed graphene electrodes are dramatically influenced by the type of solvent used for pre-treatment. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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113
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On the Impact of the Fabrication Method on the Performance of 3D Printed Mixers. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10050298. [PMID: 31052338 PMCID: PMC6562662 DOI: 10.3390/mi10050298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of 3D printing technologies have been used for the fabrication of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices in recent years. Despite the large number of studies having examined the use of 3D printing technologies in microfluidic devices, the effect of the fabrication method on their performance has received little attention. In this paper, a comparison is shown between unibody-LOC micro-mixers, a particular type of monolithic design for 3D printed LOCs, fabricated in polyjet, stereolithography (SLA) and fused deposition modelling (FDM or FFF) platforms, paying particular attention to the inherent limitations of each fabrication platform and how these affect the performance of the manufactured devices.
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114
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115
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Davó-Quiñonero A, Sorolla-Rosario D, Bailón-García E, Lozano-Castelló D, Bueno-López A. Improved asymmetrical honeycomb monolith catalyst prepared using a 3D printed template. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:638-643. [PMID: 30731363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An improved honeycomb-like monolith with asymmetrical channels, where the channels section decrease along the monolith, was fabricated using a template prepared by 3D printing. A reference honeycomb monolith was also prepared in the same way but with conventional straight channels. Cu/Ceria active phase was loaded on these supports, and SEM-EDX, Raman spectroscopy and XRD showed that the supported active phase is similar on both monoliths. The supported catalysts were tested for CO oxidation in excess oxygen and for preferential CO oxidation in H2-rich mixtures (CO-PROX), and the catalyst with the improved support achieved higher conversions in both reactions. The supported catalyst with asymmetrical channels has two benefits with regard to the counterpart catalyst with conventional symmetrical channels: improves the reaction rate with regard to the conventional one because fits better to the equation rate, and favors the turbulent regime of gases with regard to the laminar flow that prevails in symmetrical channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Davó-Quiñonero
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, E03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Débora Sorolla-Rosario
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, E03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Esther Bailón-García
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, E03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Dolores Lozano-Castelló
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, E03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustín Bueno-López
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, E03080, Alicante, Spain.
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116
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Sadeqi A, Rezaei Nejad H, Owyeung RE, Sonkusale S. Three dimensional printing of metamaterial embedded geometrical optics (MEGO). MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2019; 5:16. [PMID: 31057943 PMCID: PMC6451962 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printers have revolutionized many scientific fields with its low-cost, accessibility and ease of printing. In this paper, we show how stereolithography (SLA) based 3D printers can enable realization of innovative 3D optical devices formed through the fusion of metamaterials with geometrical optics or MEGO. It utilizes a combination of desktop SLA 3D printer and metal deposition/coating systems. Using this approach, we present innovative metamaterial embedded optical components such as mushroom-type metamaterials, curved wide-angle metamaterial absorbers/reflectors and a frequency selective moth eye hemispherical absorber. Finally a unique MEGO device formed through the fusion of a frequency selective metamaterial with an optical parabolic reflector has been demonstrated that combines their individual properties in a single device. The fabricated MEGO devices operate in the millimeter wave frequency range. Simulation and measurement results using terahertz continuous-wave spectrometer validate their functionality and performance. With improving resolution in 3D printing, MEGO devices will be able to reach Terahertz and optical frequencies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Sadeqi
- Nano Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Hojatollah Rezaei Nejad
- Nano Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Rachel E. Owyeung
- Nano Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Sameer Sonkusale
- Nano Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
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117
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Wirth DM, Sheaff MJ, Waldman JV, Symcox MP, Whitehead HD, Sharp JD, Doerfler JR, Lamar AA, LeBlanc G. Electrolysis Activation of Fused-Filament-Fabrication 3D-Printed Electrodes for Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5553-5557. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise M. Wirth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Marjorie J. Sheaff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Julia V. Waldman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Miranda P. Symcox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Heather D. Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - James D. Sharp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Jacob R. Doerfler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Angus A. Lamar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Gabriel LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
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118
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Buzzetti L, Crisenza GEM, Melchiorre P. Mechanistic Studies in Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3730-3747. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Buzzetti
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Giacomo E. M. Crisenza
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- ICREA—Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- IIT—Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaLaboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Photochemistry Via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy
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119
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Liu J, Wang P, He Y, Liu K, Miao R, Fang Y. Polymerizable Nonconventional Gel Emulsions and Their Utilization in the Template Preparation of Low-Density, High-Strength Polymeric Monoliths and 3D Printing. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yinan He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Rong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
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120
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121
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Hu R, Huang B, Xue Z, Li Q, Xia T, Zhang W, Lu C, Xu H. Synthesis of photocurable cellulose acetate butyrate resin for continuous liquid interface production of three-dimensional objects with excellent mechanical and chemical-resistant properties. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 207:609-618. [PMID: 30600046 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing parts with excellent resolution and high performance are of great significance for scientific and engineering applications. In this study, a novel photocurable cellulose acetate butyrate (PC-CAB) resin was synthesized for continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) to construct 3D objects with high resolution, tailored mechanical properties, excellent chemical resistance and thermal stability. Particularly, the tensile and flexural strength of the CLIP 3D printed specimen could reach 44.67 and 64.53 MPa, respectively. Their solvent resistance against various organic solvents and strong acidic/basic solutions was evaluated. As expected, the 3D prints could well maintain their structural integrity and exhibited very low swelling ratios owing to the photo-induced chemical crosslinking structure. Notably, even after immersion in methylene chloride or 1.0 M acid/alkali for 3 h, the 3D prints still showed excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Further study demonstrated that when PC-CAB in the CLIP ink was optimized to 20 wt% while the photoinitiator (PI) was 0.5 wt%, complex-structured 3D printed objects with high surface quality could be obtained under specific printing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bingxue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhouhang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qingye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Advanced Polymer Materials Research Center of Sichuan University, Shishi 362700, China.
| | - Canhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Advanced Polymer Materials Research Center of Sichuan University, Shishi 362700, China.
| | - Huagang Xu
- Quanzhou Yunshang 3D Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Shishi 362700, China
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122
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Brewin RJW, Brewin TG, Phillips J, Rose S, Abdulaziz A, Wimmer W, Sathyendranath S, Platt T. A Printable Device for Measuring Clarity and Colour in Lake and Nearshore Waters. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19040936. [PMID: 30813342 PMCID: PMC6413171 DOI: 10.3390/s19040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two expanding areas of science and technology are citizen science and three-dimensional (3D) printing. Citizen science has a proven capability to generate reliable data and contribute to unexpected scientific discovery. It can put science into the hands of the citizens, increasing understanding, promoting environmental stewardship, and leading to the production of large databases for use in environmental monitoring. 3D printing has the potential to create cheap, bespoke scientific instruments that have formerly required dedicated facilities to assemble. It can put instrument manufacturing into the hands of any citizen who has access to a 3D printer. In this paper, we present a simple hand-held device designed to measure the Secchi depth and water colour (Forel Ule scale) of lake, estuarine and nearshore regions. The device is manufactured with marine resistant materials (mostly biodegradable) using a 3D printer and basic workshop tools. It is inexpensive to manufacture, lightweight, easy to use, and accessible to a wide range of users. It builds on a long tradition in optical limnology and oceanography, but is modified for ease of operation in smaller water bodies, and from small watercraft and platforms. We provide detailed instructions on how to build the device and highlight examples of its use for scientific education, citizen science, satellite validation of ocean colour data, and low-cost monitoring of water clarity, colour and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J W Brewin
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
- National Centre for Earth Observation, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - Thomas G Brewin
- Chatham and Clarendon Grammar School, Ramsgate, Kent CT11 9BB, UK.
| | - Joseph Phillips
- Chatham and Clarendon Grammar School, Ramsgate, Kent CT11 9BB, UK.
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Sophie Rose
- Chatham and Clarendon Grammar School, Ramsgate, Kent CT11 9BB, UK.
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Anas Abdulaziz
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kerala 682018, India.
| | - Werenfrid Wimmer
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO14 3ZH, UK.
| | - Shubha Sathyendranath
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
- National Centre for Earth Observation, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - Trevor Platt
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
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123
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Buzzetti L, Crisenza GEM, Melchiorre P. Mechanistische Studien in der Photokatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Buzzetti
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spanien
| | - Giacomo E. M. Crisenza
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spanien
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spanien
- ICREA—Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spanien
- IIT—Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaLaboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Photochemistry Via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy
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124
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Wang D, He B, Yan X, Nong Q, Wang C, Jiang J, Hu L, Jiang G. 3D printed gel electrophoresis device coupling with ICP-MS for online separation and detection of metalloproteins. Talanta 2019; 197:145-150. [PMID: 30771916 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We successfully developed a strategy to combine a customized gel electrophoresis device with ICP-MS for online separation and detection of metalloproteins. The self-designed horizontal column gel electrophoresis device was rapidly and easily fabricated in the laboratory via 3D printing with a low cost. The feasibility of 3D printing to fabricate this device was investigated by offline separation of commercial protein standards. And a better separation efficiency was found when using gel tubes printed with higher printing precision. As a proof-of-concept, the performance of the whole system is demonstrated by online separation and detection of both iodinated protein standards and proteins in rat blood plasma samples. Benefits from 3D printing, customized modification or further optimization can be readily achieved for a better protein separation and detection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiying Nong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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125
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Zhang K, Lv S, Tang D. A 3D printing-based portable photoelectrochemical sensing device using a digital multimeter. Analyst 2019; 144:5389-5393. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme-free photoelectrochemical sensing method based on a 3D-printing device was developed for CEA detection coupling glucose-encapsulated liposomes with digital multimeter readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province)
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
| | - Shuzhen Lv
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province)
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province)
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
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126
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Li H, Pang J, Chen L, Zhao J. A 1-D chain transition-metal substituted germanomolybdate constructed from di-CuII-substituted sandwich-type heteropolyoxomolybdate units linked by doubly di-NaI-cluster bridges. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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127
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Mann PB, Afzal K, Long NJ, Thanou M, Green M. A glassware-free combinatorial synthesis of green quantum dots using bubble wrap. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16851-16855. [PMID: 35516378 PMCID: PMC9064422 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02018g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the use of commercially-available bubble wrap as the basis for the simple, cheap combinatorial exploration of the synthesis of brightly emitting core/shell quantum dots. In this communication, we highlight the use of bubble wrap in the simple parallel synthesis of CuInS2-based quantum dots with different optical properties, based on varying precursors concentrations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Afzal
- Department of Physics
- King's College London
- London WC2R 2LS
- UK
| | - N. J. Long
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
| | - M. Thanou
- Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- King's College London
- London SE1 9NH
- UK
| | - M. Green
- Department of Physics
- King's College London
- London WC2R 2LS
- UK
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128
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Gyak KW, Vishwakarma NK, Hwang YH, Kim J, Yun HS, Kim DP. 3D-printed monolithic SiCN ceramic microreactors from a photocurable preceramic resin for the high temperature ammonia cracking process. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00201d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A SiCN ceramic microreactor with high temperature tolerance and chemical resistance has been fabricated by a 3D printing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Won Gyak
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang 37673
- Korea
| | - Niraj K. Vishwakarma
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang 37673
- Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Hwang
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang 37673
- Korea
| | - Jeehwan Kim
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research
- Materials Processing Innovation Research Division
- KIMS (Korea Institute of Materials Science)
- Changwon 51508
- Korea
| | - Hui-suk Yun
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research
- Materials Processing Innovation Research Division
- KIMS (Korea Institute of Materials Science)
- Changwon 51508
- Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang 37673
- Korea
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129
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Li F, Macdonald NP, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. Increasing the functionalities of 3D printed microchemical devices by single material, multimaterial, and print-pause-print 3D printing. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 19:35-49. [PMID: 30475367 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00826d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has emerged as a valuable approach for the fabrication of fluidic devices and may replace soft-lithography as the method of choice for rapid prototyping. The potential of this disruptive technology is much greater than this - it allows for functional integration in a single, highly automated manufacturing step in a cost and time effective manner. Integration of functionality with a 3D printer can be done through spatial configuration of a single material, inserting pre-made components mid-print in a print-pause-print approach, and/or through the precise spatial deposition of different materials with a multimaterial printer. This review provides an overview on the ways in which 3D printing has been exploited to create and use fluidic devices with different functionality, which provides a basis for critical reflection on the current deficiencies and future opportunities for integration by 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Niall P Macdonald
- Analytical-Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Deakin University, Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Private Bag 20000, 3220 Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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130
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Lin C, Zhou W, Xiong X, Xuan W, Kitson PJ, Long D, Chen W, Song Y, Cronin L. Digital Control of Multistep Hydrothermal Synthesis by Using 3D Printed Reactionware for the Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Gen Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Xue‐Ting Xiong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Weimin Xuan
- School of ChemistryThe University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | | | - De‐Liang Long
- School of ChemistryThe University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Fei Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Leroy Cronin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- School of ChemistryThe University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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131
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Guba F, Tastan Ü, Gugeler K, Buntrock M, Rommel T, Ziegenbalg D. Rapid Prototyping for Photochemical Reaction Engineering. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201800035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Guba
- Universität UlmInstitut für Chemieingenieurwesen Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ümit Tastan
- Universität UlmInstitut für Chemieingenieurwesen Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Katrin Gugeler
- Universität StuttgartInstitut für Technische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Melanie Buntrock
- Universität StuttgartInstitut für Technische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tobias Rommel
- Universität StuttgartInstitut für Technische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Dirk Ziegenbalg
- Universität UlmInstitut für Chemieingenieurwesen Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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132
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133
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Lin C, Zhou W, Xiong X, Xuan W, Kitson PJ, Long D, Chen W, Song Y, Cronin L. Digital Control of Multistep Hydrothermal Synthesis by Using 3D Printed Reactionware for the Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16716-16720. [PMID: 30370977 PMCID: PMC6391986 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal-synthesis-based reactions are normally single step owing to the difficulty of manipulating reaction mixtures at high temperatures and pressures. Herein we demonstrate a simple, cheap, and modular approach to the design reactors consisting of partitioned chambers, to achieve multi-step synthesis under hydrothermal conditions, in digitally defined reactionware produced by 3D printing. This approach increases the number of steps that can be performed sequentially and allows an increase in the options available for the control of hydrothermal reactions. The synthetic outcomes of the multi-stage reactions can be explored by varying reaction compositions, number of reagents, reaction steps, and reaction times, and these can be tagged to the digital blueprint. To demonstrate the potential of this approach a series of polyoxometalate (POM)-containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) unavailable by "one-pot" methods were prepared as well as a set of new MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Gen Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Xue‐Ting Xiong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Weimin Xuan
- School of ChemistryThe University of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | | | - De‐Liang Long
- School of ChemistryThe University of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Fei Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Leroy Cronin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
- School of ChemistryThe University of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
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134
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Browne MP, Novotný F, Sofer Z, Pumera M. 3D Printed Graphene Electrodes' Electrochemical Activation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40294-40301. [PMID: 30398834 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are emerging as an important tool for the manufacturing of electrodes for various electrochemistry applications. It has been previously shown that metal 3D electrodes, modified with metal oxides, are excellent catalysts for various electrochemical energy and sensing applications. However, the metal 3D printing process, also known as selective laser melting, is extremely costly. One alternative to metal-based electrodes for the aforementioned electrochemical applications is graphene-based electrodes. Nowadays, the printing of polymer-/graphene-based electrodes can be carried out in a matter of minutes using cheap and readily available 3D printers. Unfortunately, these polymer/graphene electrodes exhibit poor electrochemical activity in their native state. Herein, we report on a simple activation method for graphene/polymer 3D printed electrodes by a combined solvent and electrochemical route. The activated electrodes exhibit a dramatic increase in electrochemical activity with respect to the [Fe(CN)6]4-/3- redox couple and the hydrogen evolution reaction. Such in situ activation can be applied on-demand, thus providing a platform for the further widespread utilization of 3D printed graphene/polymer electrodes for electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P Browne
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technicka 5 , 166 28 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Filip Novotný
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technicka 5 , 166 28 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technicka 5 , 166 28 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technicka 5 , 166 28 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
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135
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Kang TH, Compton BG, Heller WT, Qian S, Smith GS, Urban VS, Duty CE, Do C. Potentials with small‐angle neutron scattering technique for understanding structure–property relation of 3D‐printed materials. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hui Kang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831
| | - Brett G. Compton
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996
| | - William T. Heller
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831
| | - Shuo Qian
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831
| | - Gregory S. Smith
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831
| | - Volker S. Urban
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831
| | - Chad E. Duty
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831
| | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831
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136
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Mansour M, Tsongas K, Tzetzis D. Measurement of the mechanical and dynamic properties of 3D printed polylactic acid reinforced with graphene. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2018.1542730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mansour
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - K. Tsongas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D. Tzetzis
- School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thermi, Greece
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137
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3D printable conductive materials for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors: A mini review. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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138
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Opportunities for 3D printed millifluidic platforms incorporating on-line sample handling and separation. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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139
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Dual Sacrificial Molding: Fabricating 3D Microchannels with Overhang and Helical Features. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9100523. [PMID: 30424456 PMCID: PMC6215096 DOI: 10.3390/mi9100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become an indispensable tool for 3D printing of molds used for sacrificial molding to fabricate microfluidic devices. The freedom of design of a mold is, however, restricted to the capabilities of the 3D printer and associated materials. Although FDM has been used to create a sacrificial mold made with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to produce 3D microchannels, microchannels with free-hanging geometries are still difficult to achieve. Herein, dual sacrificial molding was devised to fabricate microchannels with overhang or helical features in PDMS using two complementary materials. The method uses an FDM 3D printer equipped with two extruders and filaments made of high- impact polystyrene (HIPS) and PVA. HIPS was initially removed in limonene to reveal the PVA mold harboring the design of microchannels. The PVA mold was embedded in PDMS and subsequently removed in water to create microchannels with 3D geometries such as dual helices and multilayer pyramidal networks. The complementary pairing of the HIPS and PVA filaments during printing facilitated the support of suspended features of the PVA mold. The PVA mold was robust and retained the original design after the exposure to limonene. The resilience of the technique demonstrated here allows us to create microchannels with geometries not attainable with sacrificial molding with a mold printed with a single material.
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140
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Gopinathan J, Noh I. Click Chemistry-Based Injectable Hydrogels and Bioprinting Inks for Tissue Engineering Applications. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:531-546. [PMID: 30603577 PMCID: PMC6171698 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approach require biomaterials which are biocompatible, easily reproducible in less time, biodegradable and should be able to generate complex three-dimensional (3D) structures to mimic the native tissue structures. Click chemistry offers the much-needed multifunctional hydrogel materials which are interesting biomaterials for the tissue engineering and bioprinting inks applications owing to their excellent ability to form hydrogels with printability instantly and to retain the live cells in their 3D network without losing the mechanical integrity even under swollen state. METHODS In this review, we present the recent developments of in situ hydrogel in the field of click chemistry reported for the tissue engineering and 3D bioinks applications, by mainly covering the diverse types of click chemistry methods such as Diels-Alder reaction, strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, thiol-ene reactions, oxime reactions and other interrelated reactions, excluding enzyme-based reactions. RESULTS The click chemistry-based hydrogels are formed spontaneously on mixing of reactive compounds and can encapsulate live cells with high viability for a long time. The recent works reported by combining the advantages of click chemistry and 3D bioprinting technology have shown to produce 3D tissue constructs with high resolution using biocompatible hydrogels as bioinks and in situ injectable forms. CONCLUSION Interestingly, the emergence of click chemistry reactions in bioink synthesis for 3D bioprinting have shown the massive potential of these reaction methods in creating 3D tissue constructs. However, the limitations and challenges involved in the click chemistry reactions should be analyzed and bettered to be applied to tissue engineering and 3D bioinks. The future scope of these materials is promising, including their applications in in situ 3D bioprinting for tissue or organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janarthanan Gopinathan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
- Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Insup Noh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
- Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
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141
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Dixit C, Kadimisetty K, Rusling J. 3D-printed miniaturized fluidic tools in chemistry and biology. Trends Analyt Chem 2018; 106:37-52. [PMID: 32296252 PMCID: PMC7158885 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
3D printing (3DP), an additive manufacturing (AM) approach allowing for rapid prototyping and decentralized fabrication on-demand, has become a common method for creating parts or whole devices. The wide scope of the AM extends from organized sectors of construction, ornament, medical, and R&D industries to individual explorers attributed to the low cost, high quality printers along with revolutionary tools and polymers. While progress is being made but big manufacturing challenges are still there. Considering the quickly shifting narrative towards miniaturized analytical systems (MAS) we focus on the development/rapid prototyping and manufacturing of MAS with 3DP, and application dependent challenges in engineering designs and choice of the polymeric materials and provide an exhaustive background to the applications of 3DP in biology and chemistry. This will allow readers to perceive the most important features of AM in creating (i) various individual and modular components, and (ii) complete integrated tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.K. Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - K. Kadimisetty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - J. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Centre, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
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142
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Caramelli D, Salley D, Henson A, Camarasa GA, Sharabi S, Keenan G, Cronin L. Networking chemical robots for reaction multitasking. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3406. [PMID: 30143646 PMCID: PMC6109044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the internet of things has led to an explosion in the number of networked devices capable of control and computing. However, whilst common place in remote sensing, these approaches have not impacted chemistry due to difficulty in developing systems flexible enough for experimental data collection. Herein we present a simple and affordable (<$500) chemistry capable robot built with a standard set of hardware and software protocols that can be networked to coordinate many chemical experiments in real time. We demonstrate how multiple processes can be done with two internet-connected robots collaboratively, exploring a set of azo-coupling reactions in a fraction of time needed for a single robot, as well as encoding and decoding information into a network of oscillating reactions. The system can also be used to assess the reproducibility of chemical reactions and discover new reaction outcomes using game playing to explore a chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Caramelli
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Daniel Salley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alon Henson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Salah Sharabi
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Graham Keenan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Leroy Cronin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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143
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Sharafeldin M, Jones A, Rusling JF. 3D-Printed Biosensor Arrays for Medical Diagnostics. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E394. [PMID: 30424327 PMCID: PMC6187244 DOI: 10.3390/mi9080394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While the technology is relatively new, low-cost 3D printing has impacted many aspects of human life. 3D printers are being used as manufacturing tools for a wide variety of devices in a spectrum of applications ranging from diagnosis to implants to external prostheses. The ease of use, availability of 3D-design software and low cost has made 3D printing an accessible manufacturing and fabrication tool in many bioanalytical research laboratories. 3D printers can print materials with varying density, optical character, strength and chemical properties that provide the user with a vast array of strategic options. In this review, we focus on applications in biomedical diagnostics and how this revolutionary technique is facilitating the development of low-cost, sensitive, and often geometrically complex tools. 3D printing in the fabrication of microfluidics, supporting equipment, and optical and electronic components of diagnostic devices is presented. Emerging diagnostics systems using 3D bioprinting as a tool to incorporate living cells or biomaterials into 3D printing is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sharafeldin
- Department of Chemistry (U-3060), University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Abby Jones
- Department of Chemistry (U-3060), University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry (U-3060), University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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144
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Pranzo D, Larizza P, Filippini D, Percoco G. Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Microfluidic Devices for Chemical and Biomedical Applications: A Topical Review. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E374. [PMID: 30424307 PMCID: PMC6187380 DOI: 10.3390/mi9080374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the most widespread additive manufacturing (AM) technologies is fused deposition modelling (FDM), also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF) or extrusion-based AM. The main reasons for its success are low costs, very simple machine structure, and a wide variety of available materials. However, one of the main limitations of the process is its accuracy and finishing. In spite of this, FDM is finding more and more applications, including in the world of micro-components. In this world, one of the most interesting topics is represented by microfluidic reactors for chemical and biomedical applications. The present review focusses on this research topic from a process point of view, describing at first the platforms and materials and then deepening the most relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pranzo
- Masmec Biomed, Masmec S.p.A. Division, 70026 Modugno (Bari), Italy.
| | - Piero Larizza
- Masmec Biomed, Masmec S.p.A. Division, 70026 Modugno (Bari), Italy.
| | - Daniel Filippini
- Optical Devices Lab, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Gianluca Percoco
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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145
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Henson AB, Gromski PS, Cronin L. Designing Algorithms To Aid Discovery by Chemical Robots. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:793-804. [PMID: 30062108 PMCID: PMC6062836 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, automated robotic systems have become very efficient, thanks to improved coupling between sensor systems and algorithms, of which the latter have been gaining significance thanks to the increase in computing power over the past few decades. However, intelligent automated chemistry platforms for discovery orientated tasks need to be able to cope with the unknown, which is a profoundly hard problem. In this Outlook, we describe how recent advances in the design and application of algorithms, coupled with the increased amount of chemical data available, and automation and control systems may allow more productive chemical research and the development of chemical robots able to target discovery. This is shown through examples of workflow and data processing with automation and control, and through the use of both well-used and cutting-edge algorithms illustrated using recent studies in chemistry. Finally, several algorithms are presented in relation to chemical robots and chemical intelligence for knowledge discovery.
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146
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Chartrain NA, Williams CB, Whittington AR. A review on fabricating tissue scaffolds using vat photopolymerization. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:90-111. [PMID: 29753139 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vat Photopolymerization (stereolithography, SLA), an Additive Manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology, holds particular promise for the fabrication of tissue scaffolds for use in regenerative medicine. Unlike traditional tissue scaffold fabrication techniques, SLA is capable of fabricating designed scaffolds through the selective photopolymerization of a photopolymer resin on the micron scale. SLA offers unprecedented control over scaffold porosity and permeability, as well as pore size, shape, and interconnectivity. Perhaps even more significantly, SLA can be used to fabricate vascular networks that may encourage angio and vasculogenesis. Fulfilling this potential requires the development of new photopolymers, the incorporation of biochemical factors into printed scaffolds, and an understanding of the effects scaffold geometry have on cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. This review compares SLA to other scaffold fabrication techniques, highlights significant advances in the field, and offers a perspective on the field's challenges and future directions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Engineering de novo tissues continues to be challenging due, in part, to our inability to fabricate complex tissue scaffolds that can support cell proliferation and encourage the formation of developed tissue. The goal of this review is to first introduce the reader to traditional and Additive Manufacturing scaffold fabrication techniques. The bulk of this review will then focus on apprising the reader of current research and provide a perspective on the promising use of vat photopolymerization (stereolithography, SLA) for the fabrication of complex tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Chartrain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Christopher B Williams
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Abby R Whittington
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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147
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Su CK, Chen JC. One-step three-dimensional printing of enzyme/substrate-incorporated devices for glucose testing. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1036:133-140. [PMID: 30253823 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To substantially simplify the fabrication of analytical devices for rapid screening tests, in this study we employed multi-material fused deposition modeling-type three-dimensional printing (3DP) and two functionalized thermoplastic filaments-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) incorporating peroxidase-mimicking iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) infiltrated with the chromogenic substrate o-phenylenediamine (OPD)-for the one-step manufacture of enzyme/substrate-incorporated multi-well plates. Upon contact with samples, these fabricated devices (i) released the chromogenic substrate OPD into the solution, (ii) efficiently catalyzed the oxidation of OPD mediated by the peroxidase substrate H2O2, (iii) enabled assays of those substances availably oxidized by their specific oxidases to generate H2O2, and (iv) facilitated colorimetric observation by the naked eye or through absorbance measurements after loading into a microplate reader. With glucose oxidase immobilized in each well, samples appropriately diluted could be directly loaded for derivatizing and analyzing glucose without adding any other reagents. After assay optimization, the limits of detection reached as low as 2.8 μM for H2O2 and 5.0 μM for glucose; the method's applicability was illustrated in terms of determining glucose concentrations in urine, serum, and plasma samples. These 3D-printed peroxidase mimic/chromogenic substrate-incorporated multi-well plates appear to be highly suitable for rapid and high-throughput screening of glucose in clinical samples. We demonstrate that adequate functionalization of raw materials for 3DP can contribute to the development of novel multifunctional devices with many potential practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Jo-Chin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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148
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Yin P, Hu B, Yi L, Xiao C, Cao X, Zhao L, Shi H. Engineering of Removing Sacrificial Materials in 3D-Printed Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9070327. [PMID: 30424260 PMCID: PMC6082279 DOI: 10.3390/mi9070327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing will create a revolution in the field of microfluidics due to fabricating truly three-dimensional channels in a single step. During the 3D-printing process, sacrificial materials are usually needed to fulfill channels inside and support the printed chip outside. Removing sacrificial materials after printing is obviously crucial for applying these 3D printed chips to microfluidics. However, there are few standard methods to address this issue. In this paper, engineering techniques of removing outer and inner sacrificial materials were studied. Meanwhile, quantification methods of removal efficiency for outer and inner sacrificial materials were proposed, respectively. For outer sacrificial materials, a hot bath in vegetable oil can remove 89.9% ± 0.1% of sacrificial materials, which is better than mechanics removal, hot oven heating, and an ethanol bath. For inner sacrificial materials, injecting 70 °C vegetable oil for 720 min is an optimized approach because of the uniformly high transmittance (93.8% ± 6.8%) and no obvious deformation. For the industrialization of microfluidics, the cost-effective removing time is around 10 min, which considers the balance between time cost and chip transmittance. The optimized approach and quantification methods presented in this paper show general engineering sacrificial materials removal techniques, which promote removing sacrificial materials from 3D-printed microfluidics chips and take 3D printing a step further in microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China.
| | - Langlang Yi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China.
| | - Chun Xiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China.
| | - Xu Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China.
| | - Hongyan Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China.
- Library, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China.
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149
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MineLoC: A Rapid Production of Lab-on-a-Chip Biosensors Using 3D Printer and the Sandbox Game, Minecraft. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18061896. [PMID: 29890772 PMCID: PMC6021845 DOI: 10.3390/s18061896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, MineLoC is described as a pipeline developed to generate 3D printable models of master templates for Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) by using a popular multi-player sandbox game “Minecraft”. The user can draw a simple diagram describing the channels and chambers of the Lab-on-a-Chip devices with pre-registered color codes which indicate the height of the generated structure. MineLoC converts the diagram into large chunks of blocks (equal sized cube units composing every object in the game) in the game world. The user and co-workers can simultaneously access the game and edit, modify, or review, which is a feature not generally supported by conventional design software. Once the review is complete, the resultant structure can be exported into a stereolithography (STL) file which can be used in additive manufacturing. Then, the Lab-on-a-Chip device can be fabricated by the standard protocol to produce a Lab-on-a-Chip. The simple polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device for the bacterial growth measurement used in the previous research was copied by the proposed method. The error calculation by a 3D model comparison showed an accuracy of 86%. It is anticipated that this work will facilitate more use of 3D printer-based Lab-on-a-Chip fabrication, which greatly lowers the entry barrier in the field of Lab-on-a-Chip research.
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150
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Cardoso RM, Mendonça DMH, Silva WP, Silva MNT, Nossol E, da Silva RAB, Richter EM, Muñoz RAA. 3D printing for electroanalysis: From multiuse electrochemical cells to sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1033:49-57. [PMID: 30172331 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work presents potential applications of low-cost fused deposition modeling 3D-printers to fabricate multiuse 3D-printed electrochemical cells for flow or batch measurements as well as the 3D-printing of electrochemical sensing platforms. Electrochemical cells and sensors were printed with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and conductive graphene-doped polylactic acid (G-PLA) filaments, respectively. The overall printing operation time and estimated cost per cell were 6 h and $ 6.00, respectively, while the sensors were printed within minutes (16 sensor strips of 1 × 2 cm in 10 min at a cost of $ 1.00 each sensor). The cell performance is demonstrated for the amperometric detection of tert-butylhydroquinone, dipyrone, dopamine and diclofenac by flow-injection analysis (FIA) and batch-injection analysis (BIA) using different working electrodes, including the proposed 3D-printed sensor, which presented comparable electroanalytical performance with other carbon-based electrodes (LOD of 0.1 μmol L-1 for dopamine). Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the 3D-printed sensor indicated the presence of graphene nanoribbons within the polymeric matrix. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and heterogeneous electron transfer constants (k0) for the redox probe Ru(NH3)6+3 revealed that a glassy-carbon electrode presented faster electron transfer rates than the 3D-printed sensor; however, the latter presented lower LOD values for dopamine and catechol probably due to oxygenated functional groups at the G-PLA surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Cardoso
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | | | - Weberson P Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Murilo N T Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Edson Nossol
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A B da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil.
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