101
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Fischer RS, Lam PY, Huttenlocher A, Waterman CM. Filopodia and focal adhesions: An integrated system driving branching morphogenesis in neuronal pathfinding and angiogenesis. Dev Biol 2018; 451:86-95. [PMID: 30193787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Single cell branching during development in vertebrates is typified by neuronal branching to form neurites and vascular branches formed by sprouting angiogenesis. Neurons and endothelial tip cells possess subcellular protrusions that share many common features from the morphological to the molecular level. Both systems utilize filopodia as their cellular protrusion organelles and depend on specific integrin-mediated adhesions to the local extracellular matrix for guidance in their pathfinding. We discuss the similar molecular machineries involved in these two types of cell branch formation and use their analogy to propose a new mechanism for angiogenic filopodia function, namely as adhesion assembly sites. In support of this model we provide primary data of angiogenesis in zebrafish in vivo showing that the actin assembly factor VASP participates in both filopodia formation and adhesion assembly at the base of the filopodia, enabling forward progress of the tip cell. The use of filopodia and their associated adhesions provide a common mechanism for neuronal and endothelial pathfinding during development in response to extracellular matrix cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Fischer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Pui-Ying Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, United States
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, United States
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States.
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102
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Haining AWM, Rahikainen R, Cortes E, Lachowski D, Rice A, von Essen M, Hytönen VP, del Río Hernández A. Mechanotransduction in talin through the interaction of the R8 domain with DLC1. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005599. [PMID: 30028837 PMCID: PMC6054372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical unfolding of proteins is a cellular mechanism for force transduction with potentially broad implications in cell fate. Despite this, the mechanism by which protein unfolding elicits differential downstream signalling pathways remains poorly understood. Here, we used protein engineering, atomic force microscopy, and biophysical tools to delineate how protein unfolding controls cell mechanics. Deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is a negative regulator of Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) and cell contractility that regulates cell behaviour when localised to focal adhesions bound to folded talin. Using a talin mutant resistant to force-induced unfolding of R8 domain, we show that talin unfolding determines DLC1 downstream signalling and, consequently, cell mechanics. We propose that this new mechanism of mechanotransduction may have implications for a wide variety of associated cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander William M. Haining
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rolle Rahikainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ernesto Cortes
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dariusz Lachowski
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Rice
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena von Essen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Armando del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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103
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Gough RE, Goult BT. The tale of two talins - two isoforms to fine-tune integrin signalling. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2108-2125. [PMID: 29723415 PMCID: PMC6032930 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Talins are cytoplasmic adapter proteins essential for integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Talins control the activation state of integrins, link integrins to cytoskeletal actin, recruit numerous signalling molecules that mediate integrin signalling and coordinate recruitment of microtubules to adhesion sites via interaction with KANK (kidney ankyrin repeat-containing) proteins. Vertebrates have two talin genes, TLN1 and TLN2. Although talin1 and talin2 share 76% protein sequence identity (88% similarity), they are not functionally redundant, and the differences between the two isoforms are not fully understood. In this Review, we focus on the similarities and differences between the two talins in terms of structure, biochemistry and function, which hint at subtle differences in fine-tuning adhesion signalling.
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104
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Whitewood AJ, Singh AK, Brown DG, Goult BT. Chlamydial virulence factor TarP mimics talin to disrupt the talin-vinculin complex. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1751-1760. [PMID: 29710402 PMCID: PMC6001692 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin is a central component of mechanosensitive adhesive complexes that form between cells and the extracellular matrix. A myriad of infectious agents mimic vinculin binding sites (VBS), enabling them to hijack the adhesion machinery and facilitate cellular entry. Here, we report the structural and biochemical characterisation of VBS from the chlamydial virulence factor TarP. Whilst the affinities of isolated VBS peptides from TarP and talin for vinculin are similar, their behaviour in larger fragments is markedly different. In talin, VBS are cryptic and require mechanical activation to bind vinculin, whereas the TarP VBS are located in disordered regions, and so are constitutively active. We demonstrate that the TarP VBS can uncouple talin:vinculin complexes, which may lead to adhesion destabilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David G Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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105
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Coelho NM, McCulloch CA. Mechanical signaling through the discoidin domain receptor 1 plays a central role in tissue fibrosis. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 12:348-362. [PMID: 29513135 PMCID: PMC6363045 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1448353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The preservation of tissue and organ architecture and function depends on tightly regulated interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM). These interactions are maintained in a dynamic equilibrium that balances intracellular, myosin-generated tension with extracellular resistance conferred by the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. Disturbances of this equilibrium can lead to the development of fibrotic lesions that are associated with a wide repertoire of high prevalence diseases including obstructive cardiovascular diseases, muscular dystrophy and cancer. Mechanotransduction is the process by which mechanical cues are converted into biochemical signals. At the core of mechanotransduction are sensory systems, which are frequently located at sites of cell-ECM and cell-cell contacts. As integrins (cell-ECM junctions) and cadherins (cell-cell contacts) have been extensively studied, we focus here on the properties of the discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a tyrosine kinase that mediates cell adhesion to collagen. DDR1 expression is positively associated with fibrotic lesions of heart, kidney, liver, lung and perivascular tissues. As the most common end-point of all fibrotic disorders is dysregulated collagen remodeling, we consider here the mechanical signaling functions of DDR1 in processing of fibrillar collagen that lead to tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. Coelho
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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106
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Seetharaman S, Etienne-Manneville S. Integrin diversity brings specificity in mechanotransduction. Biol Cell 2018; 110:49-64. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201700060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Seetharaman
- Institut Pasteur Paris CNRS UMR3691; Cell Polarity; Migration and Cancer Unit; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Paris Cedex 15 France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris 75006 France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Institut Pasteur Paris CNRS UMR3691; Cell Polarity; Migration and Cancer Unit; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Paris Cedex 15 France
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107
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Lasocka I, Szulc-Dąbrowska L, Skibniewski M, Skibniewska E, Strupinski W, Pasternak I, Kmieć H, Kowalczyk P. Biocompatibility of pristine graphene monolayer: Scaffold for fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 48:276-285. [PMID: 29409908 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of pristine graphene monolayer and its utility as a scaffold for murine fibroblast L929 cell line. Cell viability, morphology, cytoskeleton architecture (microfilaments and microtubules), cell adhesion and migration into the scratch-wound area were determined using pristine graphene-coated microscopic slides. We found that fibroblasts cultured on pristine graphene monolayer exhibited changes in cell attachment, motility and cytoskeleton organization. Graphene was found to have no cytotoxicity on L929 fibroblasts and increased cell adhesion and proliferation within 24 h of culture. The area of cells growing on graphene was comparable to the area of fibroblasts cultured on glass. Migration of cells on the surface of graphene substrate appeared to be more regular in comparison to uncoated glass surface, however in both control (glass) and experimental (graphene) groups the scratch wound was closed after 48 h of culture. Taken together, our results indicate that pristine graphene monolayer is non-toxic for murine subcutaneous connective tissue fibroblasts and could be beneficial for recovery of damaged tissues after injury. These studies could be helpful in evaluating biocompatibility of graphene, which still remains ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Lasocka
- Department of Biology of Animal Environment, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego street 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego street 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Skibniewski
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Skibniewska
- Department of Biology of Animal Environment, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego street 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Strupinski
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wólczyńska street 133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa street 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Pasternak
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wólczyńska street 133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa street 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Kmieć
- Department of Biology of Animal Environment, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego street 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka street 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
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108
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Ciobanasu C, Wang H, Henriot V, Mathieu C, Fente A, Csillag S, Vigouroux C, Faivre B, Le Clainche C. Integrin-bound talin head inhibits actin filament barbed-end elongation. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:2586-2596. [PMID: 29276177 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.808204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) mechanically couple the extracellular matrix to the dynamic actin cytoskeleton, via transmembrane integrins and actin-binding proteins. The molecular mechanisms by which protein machineries control force transmission along this molecular axis (i.e. modulating integrin activation and controlling actin polymerization) remain largely unknown. Talin is a major actin-binding protein that controls both the inside-out activation of integrins and actin filament anchoring and thus plays a major role in the establishment of the actin-extracellular matrix mechanical coupling. Talin contains three actin-binding domains (ABDs). The N-terminal head domain contains both the F3 integrin-activating domain and ABD1, whereas the C-terminal rod contains the actin-anchoring ABD2 and ABD3. Integrin binding is regulated by an intramolecular interaction between the N-terminal head and a C-terminal five-helix bundle (R9). Whether talin ABDs regulate actin polymerization in a constitutive or regulated manner has not been fully explored. Here, we combine kinetics assays using fluorescence spectroscopy and single actin filament observation in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, to examine relevant functions of the three ABDs of talin. We find that the N-terminal ABD1 blocks actin filament barbed-end elongation, whereas ABD2 and ABD3 do not show any activity. By mutating residues in ABD1, we find that this activity is mediated by a positively charged surface that is partially masked by its intramolecular interaction with R9. Our results also demonstrate that, once this intramolecular interaction is released, the integrin-bound talin head retains the ability to inhibit actin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Ciobanasu
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Véronique Henriot
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Cécile Mathieu
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Annabelle Fente
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Csillag
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Clémence Vigouroux
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Bruno Faivre
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Christophe Le Clainche
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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109
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Lausecker F, Tian X, Inoue K, Wang Z, Pedigo CE, Hassan H, Liu C, Zimmer M, Jinno S, Huckle AL, Hamidi H, Ross RS, Zent R, Ballestrem C, Lennon R, Ishibe S. Vinculin is required to maintain glomerular barrier integrity. Kidney Int 2017; 93:643-655. [PMID: 29241625 PMCID: PMC5846847 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix interactions and podocyte intercellular junctions are key for maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier. Vinculin, a cytoplasmic protein, couples actin filaments to integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions and to cadherin-based intercellular junctions. Here, we examined the role of vinculin in podocytes by the generation of a podocyte-specific knockout mouse. Mice lacking podocyte vinculin had increased albuminuria and foot process effacement following injury in vivo. Analysis of primary podocytes isolated from the mutant mice revealed defects in cell protrusions, altered focal adhesion size and signaling, as well as impaired cell migration. Furthermore, we found a marked mislocalization of the intercellular junction protein zonula occludens-1. In kidney sections from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy, we observed dramatic differences in the expression levels and localization of vinculin. Thus, our results suggest that vinculin is necessary to maintain the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier by modulating podocyte foot processes and stabilizing intercellular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher E Pedigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hossam Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Margaret Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephanie Jinno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Abby L Huckle
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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110
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Ringer P, Colo G, Fässler R, Grashoff C. Sensing the mechano-chemical properties of the extracellular matrix. Matrix Biol 2017; 64:6-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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111
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Baxter NJ, Zacharchenko T, Barsukov IL, Williamson MP. Pressure-Dependent Chemical Shifts in the R3 Domain of Talin Show that It Is Thermodynamically Poised for Binding to Either Vinculin or RIAM. Structure 2017; 25:1856-1866.e2. [PMID: 29153504 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Talin mediates attachment of the cell to the extracellular matrix. It is targeted by the Rap1 effector RIAM to focal adhesion sites and subsequently undergoes force-induced conformational opening to recruit the actin-interacting protein vinculin. The conformational switch involves the talin R3 domain, which binds RIAM when closed and vinculin when open. Here, we apply pressure to R3 and measure 1H, 15N, and 13C chemical shift changes, which are fitted using a simple model, and indicate that R3 is only 50% closed: the closed form is a four-helix bundle, while in the open state helix 1 is twisted out. Strikingly, a mutant of R3 that binds RIAM with an affinity similar to wild-type but more weakly to vinculin is shown to be 0.84 kJ mol-1 more stable when closed. These results demonstrate that R3 is thermodynamically poised to bind either RIAM or vinculin, and thus constitutes a good mechanosensitive switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Baxter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thomas Zacharchenko
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Igor L Barsukov
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Mike P Williamson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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112
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Jansen K, Atherton P, Ballestrem C. Mechanotransduction at the cell-matrix interface. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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113
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Atherton P, Ballestrem C. Talin gets SHANKed in the fight for integrin activation. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:265-267. [PMID: 28361943 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mutations in the SHANK family of proteins are linked to multiple neuropsychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorders. A study now elucidates critical roles for SHANK in regulating integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, by sequestering integrin activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Atherton
- the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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114
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Mathew S, Palamuttam RJ, Mernaugh G, Ramalingam H, Lu Z, Zhang MZ, Ishibe S, Critchley DR, Fässler R, Pozzi A, Sanders CR, Carroll TJ, Zent R. Talin regulates integrin β1-dependent and -independent cell functions in ureteric bud development. Development 2017; 144:4148-4158. [PMID: 28993400 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Kidney collecting system development requires integrin-dependent cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors consisting of α and β subunits; crucial integrins in the kidney collecting system express the β1 subunit. The β1 cytoplasmic tail has two NPxY motifs that mediate functions by binding to cytoplasmic signaling and scaffolding molecules. Talins, scaffolding proteins that bind to the membrane proximal NPxY motif, are proposed to activate integrins and to link them to the actin cytoskeleton. We have defined the role of talin binding to the β1 proximal NPxY motif in the developing kidney collecting system in mice that selectively express a Y-to-A mutation in this motif. The mice developed a hypoplastic dysplastic collecting system. Collecting duct cells expressing this mutation had moderate abnormalities in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and growth factor-dependent signaling. In contrast, mice lacking talins in the developing ureteric bud developed kidney agenesis and collecting duct cells had severe cytoskeletal, adhesion and polarity defects. Thus, talins are essential for kidney collecting duct development through mechanisms that extend beyond those requiring binding to the β1 integrin subunit NPxY motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijo Mathew
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Riya J Palamuttam
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Glenda Mernaugh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Harini Ramalingam
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhenwei Lu
- Center for Structure Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Veteran Affairs Hospital Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Center for Structure Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas J Carroll
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Veteran Affairs Hospital Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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115
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Multiplexing molecular tension sensors reveals piconewton force gradient across talin-1. Nat Methods 2017; 14:1090-1096. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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116
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Han MKL, van der Krogt GNM, de Rooij J. Zygotic vinculin is not essential for embryonic development in zebrafish. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182278. [PMID: 28767718 PMCID: PMC5540497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of multicellular tissues during development is governed by mechanical forces that drive cell shape and tissue architecture. Protein complexes at sites of adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell neighbors, not only transmit these mechanical forces, but also allow cells to respond to changes in force by inducing biochemical feedback pathways. Such force-induced signaling processes are termed mechanotransduction. Vinculin is a central protein in mechanotransduction that in both integrin-mediated cell-ECM and cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesions mediates force-induced cytoskeletal remodeling and adhesion strengthening. Vinculin was found to be important for the integrity and remodeling of epithelial tissues in cell culture models and could therefore be expected to be of broad importance in epithelial morphogenesis in vivo. Besides a function in mouse heart development, however, the importance of vinculin in morphogenesis of other vertebrate tissues has remained unclear. To investigate this further, we knocked out vinculin functioning in zebrafish, which contain two fully functional isoforms designated as vinculin A and vinculin B that both show high sequence conservation with higher vertebrates. Using TALEN and CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology we generated vinculin-deficient zebrafish. While single vinculin A mutants are viable and able to reproduce, additional loss of zygotic vinculin B was lethal after embryonic stages. Remarkably, vinculin-deficient embryos do not show major developmental defects, apart from mild pericardial edemas. These results lead to the conclusion that vinculin is not of broad importance for the development and morphogenesis of zebrafish tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell K. L. Han
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard N. M. van der Krogt
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan de Rooij
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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117
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Qi L, Jafari N, Li X, Chen Z, Li L, Hytönen VP, Goult BT, Zhan CG, Huang C. Talin2-mediated traction force drives matrix degradation and cell invasion. J Cell Sci 2017; 129:3661-3674. [PMID: 27694340 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.185959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Talin binds to β-integrin tails to activate integrins, regulating cell migration, invasion and metastasis. There are two talin genes, TLN1 and TLN2, encoding talin1 and talin2, respectively. Talin1 regulates focal adhesion dynamics, cell migration and invasion, whereas the biological function of talin2 is not clear and, indeed, talin2 has been presumed to function redundantly with talin1. Here, we show that talin2 has a much stronger binding to β-integrin tails than talin1. Replacement of talin2 Ser339 with Cys significantly decreased its binding to β1-integrin tails to a level comparable to that of talin1. Talin2 localizes at invadopodia and is indispensable for the generation of traction force and invadopodium-mediated matrix degradation. Ablation of talin2 suppressed traction force generation and invadopodia formation, which were restored by re-expressing talin2 but not talin1. Furthermore, re-expression of wild-type talin2 (but not talin2S339C) in talin2-depleted cells rescued development of traction force and invadopodia. These results suggest that a strong interaction of talin2 with integrins is required to generate traction, which in turn drives invadopodium-mediated matrix degradation, which is key to cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qi
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Naser Jafari
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Zaozao Chen
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Liqing Li
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Cai Huang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, USA Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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118
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Manso AM, Okada H, Sakamoto FM, Moreno E, Monkley SJ, Li R, Critchley DR, Ross RS. Loss of mouse cardiomyocyte talin-1 and talin-2 leads to β-1 integrin reduction, costameric instability, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6250-E6259. [PMID: 28698364 PMCID: PMC5544289 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701416114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous contraction-relaxation cycles of the heart require strong and stable connections of cardiac myocytes (CMs) with the extracellular matrix (ECM) to preserve sarcolemmal integrity. CM attachment to the ECM is mediated by integrin complexes localized at the muscle adhesion sites termed costameres. The ubiquitously expressed cytoskeletal protein talin (Tln) is a component of muscle costameres that links integrins ultimately to the sarcomere. There are two talin genes, Tln1 and Tln2. Here, we tested the function of these two Tln forms in myocardium where Tln2 is the dominant isoform in postnatal CMs. Surprisingly, global deletion of Tln2 in mice caused no structural or functional changes in heart, presumably because CM Tln1 became up-regulated. Tln2 loss increased integrin activation, although levels of the muscle-specific β1D-integrin isoform were reduced by 50%. With this result, we produced mice that had simultaneous loss of both CM Tln1 and Tln2 and found that cardiac dysfunction occurred by 4 wk with 100% mortality by 6 mo. β1D integrin and other costameric proteins were lost from the CMs, and membrane integrity was compromised. Given that integrin protein reduction occurred with Tln loss, rescue of the phenotype was attempted through transgenic integrin overexpression, but this could not restore WT CM integrin levels nor improve heart function. Our results show that CM Tln2 is essential for proper β1D-integrin expression and that Tln1 can substitute for Tln2 in preserving heart function, but that loss of all Tln forms from the heart-muscle cell leads to myocyte instability and a dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Manso
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Francesca M Sakamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Emily Moreno
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Susan J Monkley
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Ruixia Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161
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119
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Nanoscale mechanobiology of cell adhesions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:53-67. [PMID: 28754443 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proper physiological functions of cells and tissues depend upon their abilities to sense, transduce, integrate, and generate mechanical and biochemical signals. Although such mechanobiological phenomena are widely observed, the molecular mechanisms driving these outcomes are still not fully understood. Cell adhesions formed by integrins and cadherins receptors are key structures that process diverse sources of signals to elicit complex mechanobiological responses. Since the nanoscale is the length scale at which molecules interact to relay force and information, the understanding of cell adhesions at the nanoscale level is important for grasping the inner logics of cellular decision making. Until recently, the study of the biological nanoscale has been restricted by available molecular and imaging tools. Fortunately, rapid technological advances have increasingly opened up the nanoscale realm to systematic investigations. In this review, we discuss current insights and key open questions regarding the nanoscale structure and function relationship of cell adhesions, focusing on recent progresses in characterizing their composition, spatial organization, and cytomechanical operation.
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120
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Abstract
Talin has emerged as the key cytoplasmic protein that mediates integrin adhesion to the extracellular matrix. In this Review, we draw on experiments performed in mammalian cells in culture and Drosophila to present evidence that talin is the most important component of integrin adhesion complexes. We describe how the properties of this adaptor protein enable it to orchestrate integrin adhesions. Talin forms the core of integrin adhesion complexes by linking integrins directly to actin, increasing the affinity of integrin for ligands (integrin activation) and recruiting numerous proteins. It regulates the strength of integrin adhesion, senses matrix rigidity, increases focal adhesion size in response to force and serves as a platform for the building of the adhesion structure. Finally, the mechano-sensitive structure of talin provides a paradigm for how proteins transduce mechanical signals to chemical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klapholz
- Dept of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Nicholas H Brown
- Dept of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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121
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Rahikainen R, von Essen M, Schaefer M, Qi L, Azizi L, Kelly C, Ihalainen TO, Wehrle-Haller B, Bastmeyer M, Huang C, Hytönen VP. Mechanical stability of talin rod controls cell migration and substrate sensing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3571. [PMID: 28620171 PMCID: PMC5472591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells adhere to the surrounding tissue and probe its mechanical properties by forming cell-matrix adhesions. Talin is a critical adhesion protein and participates in the transmission of mechanical signals between extracellular matrix and cell cytoskeleton. Force induced unfolding of talin rod subdomains has been proposed to act as a cellular mechanosensor, but so far evidence linking their mechanical stability and cellular response has been lacking. Here, by utilizing computationally designed mutations, we demonstrate that stepwise destabilization of the talin rod R3 subdomain decreases cellular traction force generation, which affects talin and vinculin dynamics in cell-matrix adhesions and results in the formation of talin-rich but unstable adhesions. We observed a connection between talin stability and the rate of cell migration and also found that talin destabilization affects the usage of different integrin subtypes and sensing of extracellular matrix proteins. Experiments with truncated forms of talin confirm the mechanosensory role of the talin R3 subdomain and exclude the possibility that the observed effects are caused by the release of talin head-rod autoinhibition. In conclusion, this study provides evidence into how the controlled talin rod domain unfolding acts as a key regulator of adhesion structure and function and consequently controls central cellular processes such as cell migration and substrate sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolle Rahikainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Magdaléna von Essen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Schaefer
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lei Qi
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Latifeh Azizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Conor Kelly
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Cai Huang
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
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122
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Hu X, Margadant FM, Yao M, Sheetz MP. Molecular stretching modulates mechanosensing pathways. Protein Sci 2017; 26:1337-1351. [PMID: 28474792 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
For individual cells in tissues to create the diverse forms of biological organisms, it is necessary that they must reliably sense and generate the correct forces over the correct distances and directions. There is considerable evidence that the mechanical aspects of the cellular microenvironment provide critical physical parameters to be sensed. How proteins sense forces and cellular geometry to create the correct morphology is not understood in detail but protein unfolding appears to be a major component in force and displacement sensing. Thus, the crystallographic structure of a protein domain provides only a starting point to then analyze what will be the effects of physiological forces through domain unfolding or catch-bond formation. In this review, we will discuss the recent studies of cytoskeletal and adhesion proteins that describe protein domain dynamics. Forces applied to proteins can activate or inhibit enzymes, increase or decrease protein-protein interactions, activate or inhibit protein substrates, induce catch bonds and regulate interactions with membranes or nucleic acids. Further, the dynamics of stretch-relaxation can average forces or movements to reliably regulate morphogenic movements. In the few cases where single molecule mechanics are studied under physiological conditions such as titin and talin, there are rapid cycles of stretch-relaxation that produce mechanosensing signals. Fortunately, the development of new single molecule and super-resolution imaging methods enable the analysis of single molecule mechanics in physiologically relevant conditions. Thus, we feel that stereotypical changes in cell and tissue shape involve mechanosensing that can be analyzed at the nanometer level to determine the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0316, Norway
| | | | - Mingxi Yao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411
| | - Michael Patrick Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Columbia, New York, 10027
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123
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Atherton P, Lausecker F, Harrison A, Ballestrem C. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes cell motility through vinculin-controlled Rac1 GTPase activity. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2277-2291. [PMID: 28576970 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.192781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a therapy used clinically to promote healing. Using live-cell imaging we show that LIPUS stimulation, acting through integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions, rapidly induces Rac1 activation associated with dramatic actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. Our study demonstrates that the mechanosensitive focal adhesion (FA) protein vinculin, and both focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) and Rab5 (both the Rab5a and Rab5b isoforms) have key roles in regulating these effects. Inhibiting the link of vinculin to the actin-cytoskeleton abolished LIPUS sensing. We show that this vinculin-mediated link was not only critical for Rac1 induction and actin rearrangements, but was also important for the induction of a Rab5-dependent increase in the number of early endosomes. Expression of dominant-negative Rab5, or inhibition of endocytosis with dynasore, also blocked LIPUS-induced Rac1 signalling events. Taken together, our data show that LIPUS is sensed by cell matrix adhesions through vinculin, which in turn modulates a Rab5-Rac1 pathway to control ultrasound-mediated endocytosis and cell motility. Finally, we demonstrate that a similar FAK-Rab5-Rac1 pathway acts to control cell spreading upon fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Atherton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, USA
| | - Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, USA
| | - Andrew Harrison
- Bioventus Cooperatief, Taurusavenue 31, 2132 LS Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, USA
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124
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Zhou DW, Lee TT, Weng S, Fu J, García AJ. Effects of substrate stiffness and actomyosin contractility on coupling between force transmission and vinculin-paxillin recruitment at single focal adhesions. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1901-1911. [PMID: 28468976 PMCID: PMC5541841 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-02-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between force and focal adhesion (FA) dynamics is unclear. Substrate stiffness and contractility regulate the relationship between force and vinculin, but not paxillin, turnover at FAs. Substrate stiffness and contractility also regulate whether vinculin and paxillin turnover dynamics are correlated at FAs. Focal adhesions (FAs) regulate force transfer between the cytoskeleton and ECM–integrin complexes. We previously showed that vinculin regulates force transmission at FAs. Vinculin residence time in FAs correlated with applied force, supporting a mechanosensitive model in which forces stabilize vinculin’s active conformation to promote force transfer. In the present study, we examined the relationship between traction force and vinculin–paxillin localization to single FAs in the context of substrate stiffness and actomyosin contractility. We found that vinculin and paxillin FA area did not correlate with traction force magnitudes at single FAs, and this was consistent across different ECM stiffness and cytoskeletal tension states. However, vinculin residence time at FAs varied linearly with applied force for stiff substrates, and this was disrupted on soft substrates and after contractility inhibition. In contrast, paxillin residence time at FAs was independent of local applied force and substrate stiffness. Paxillin recruitment and residence time at FAs, however, were dependent on cytoskeletal contractility on lower substrate stiffness values. Finally, substrate stiffness and cytoskeletal contractility regulated whether vinculin and paxillin turnover dynamics are correlated to each other at single FAs. This analysis sheds new insights on the coupling among force, substrate stiffness, and FA dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Zhou
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Interdisciplinary Bioengineering Graduate Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Ted T Lee
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Shinuo Weng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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125
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Bouissou A, Proag A, Bourg N, Pingris K, Cabriel C, Balor S, Mangeat T, Thibault C, Vieu C, Dupuis G, Fort E, Lévêque-Fort S, Maridonneau-Parini I, Poincloux R. Podosome Force Generation Machinery: A Local Balance between Protrusion at the Core and Traction at the Ring. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4028-4040. [PMID: 28355484 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Determining how cells generate and transduce mechanical forces at the nanoscale is a major technical challenge for the understanding of numerous physiological and pathological processes. Podosomes are submicrometer cell structures with a columnar F-actin core surrounded by a ring of adhesion proteins, which possess the singular ability to protrude into and probe the extracellular matrix. Using protrusion force microscopy, we have previously shown that single podosomes produce local nanoscale protrusions on the extracellular environment. However, how cellular forces are distributed to allow this protruding mechanism is still unknown. To investigate the molecular machinery of protrusion force generation, we performed mechanical simulations and developed quantitative image analyses of nanoscale architectural and mechanical measurements. First, in silico modeling showed that the deformations of the substrate made by podosomes require protrusion forces to be balanced by local traction forces at the immediate core periphery where the adhesion ring is located. Second, we showed that three-ring proteins are required for actin polymerization and protrusion force generation. Third, using DONALD, a 3D nanoscopy technique that provides 20 nm isotropic localization precision, we related force generation to the molecular extension of talin within the podosome ring, which requires vinculin and paxillin, indicating that the ring sustains mechanical tension. Our work demonstrates that the ring is a site of tension, balancing protrusion at the core. This local coupling of opposing forces forms the basis of protrusion and reveals the podosome as a nanoscale autonomous force generator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Bouissou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse , CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Amsha Proag
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse , CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Nicolas Bourg
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Sud , CNRS UMR8214, Orsay 91405, France
- Université Paris-Sud , Centre de Photonique BioMédicale, Fédération LUMAT, CNRS, FR 2764, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Karine Pingris
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse , CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Clément Cabriel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Sud , CNRS UMR8214, Orsay 91405, France
- Université Paris-Sud , Centre de Photonique BioMédicale, Fédération LUMAT, CNRS, FR 2764, Orsay 91405, France
| | | | - Thomas Mangeat
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse , CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Christophe Thibault
- CNRS, LAAS , Toulouse 31031, France
- Université de Toulouse , INSA, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Christophe Vieu
- CNRS, LAAS , Toulouse 31031, France
- Université de Toulouse , INSA, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Guillaume Dupuis
- Université Paris-Sud , Centre de Photonique BioMédicale, Fédération LUMAT, CNRS, FR 2764, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Emmanuel Fort
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI, CNRS, PSL Research University , Paris 75005, France
| | - Sandrine Lévêque-Fort
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Sud , CNRS UMR8214, Orsay 91405, France
- Université Paris-Sud , Centre de Photonique BioMédicale, Fédération LUMAT, CNRS, FR 2764, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse , CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse , CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31400, France
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126
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Bays JL, DeMali KA. Vinculin in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2999-3009. [PMID: 28401269 PMCID: PMC5501900 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin was identified as a component of focal adhesions and adherens junctions nearly 40 years ago. Since that time, remarkable progress has been made in understanding its activation, regulation and function. Here we discuss the current understanding of the roles of vinculin in cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesions. Emphasis is placed on the how vinculin is recruited, activated and regulated. We also highlight the recent understanding of how vinculin responds to and transmits force at integrin- and cadherin-containing adhesion complexes to the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we discuss roles of vinculin in binding to and rearranging the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bays
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kris A DeMali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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127
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Stutchbury B, Atherton P, Tsang R, Wang DY, Ballestrem C. Distinct focal adhesion protein modules control different aspects of mechanotransduction. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1612-1624. [PMID: 28302906 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.195362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are macromolecular complexes that regulate cell adhesion and mechanotransduction. By performing fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence loss after photoactivation (FLAP) experiments, we found that the mobility of core FA proteins correlates with their function. Structural proteins such as tensin, talin and vinculin are significantly less mobile in FAs than signaling proteins such as FAK (also known as PTK2) and paxillin. The mobilities of the structural proteins are directly influenced by substrate stiffness, suggesting that they are involved in sensing the rigidity of the extracellular environment. The turnover rates of FAK and paxillin, as well as kindlin2 (also known as FERMT2), are not influenced by substrate stiffness. By using specific Src and FAK inhibitors, we reveal that force-sensing by vinculin occurs independently of FAK and paxillin phosphorylation. However, their phosphorylation is required for downstream Rac1-driven cellular processes, such as protrusion and cell migration. Overall, we show that the FA is composed of different functional modules that separately control mechanosensing and the cellular mechano-response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Stutchbury
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Paul Atherton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Ricky Tsang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - De-Yao Wang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
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128
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Nagasato AI, Yamashita H, Matsuo M, Ueda K, Kioka N. The distribution of vinculin to lipid rafts plays an important role in sensing stiffness of extracellular matrix. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1136-1147. [PMID: 28485208 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1289074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness regulates cell differentiation, survival, and migration. Our previous study has shown that the interaction of the focal adhesion protein vinculin with vinexin α plays a critical role in sensing ECM stiffness and regulating stiffness-dependent cell migration. However, the mechanism how vinculin-vinexin α interaction affects stiffness-dependent cell migration is unclear. Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains that are known to affect ECM-induced signals and cell behaviors. Here, we show that vinculin and vinexin α can localize to lipid rafts. Cell-ECM adhesion, intracellular tension, and a rigid ECM promote vinculin distribution to lipid rafts. The disruption of lipid rafts with Methyl-β-cyclodextrin impaired the ECM stiffness-mediated regulation of vinculin behavior and rapid cell migration on rigid ECM. These results indicate that lipid rafts play an important role in ECM-stiffness regulation of cell migration via vinculin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Ichikawa Nagasato
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamashita
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Michinori Matsuo
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.,b Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.,b Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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129
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Milloud R, Destaing O, de Mets R, Bourrin-Reynard I, Oddou C, Delon A, Wang I, Albigès-Rizo C, Balland M. αvβ3 integrins negatively regulate cellular forces by phosphorylation of its distal NPXY site. Biol Cell 2016; 109:127-137. [PMID: 27990663 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201600041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Integrins are key receptors that allow cells to sense and respond to their mechanical environment. Although they bind the same ligand, β1 and β3 integrins have distinct and cooperative roles in mechanotransduction. RESULTS Using traction force microscopy on unconstrained cells, we show that deleting β3 causes traction forces to increase, whereas the deletion of β1 integrin results in a strong decrease of contractile forces. Consistently, loss of β3 integrin also induces an increase in β1 integrin activation. Using a genetic approach, we identified the phosphorylation of the distal NPXY domain as an essential process for β3 integrin to be able to modulate traction forces. Loss of β3 integrins also impacted cell shape and the spatial distribution of traction forces, by causing forces to be generated closer to the cell edge, and the cell shape. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize the role of β3 integrin in spatial distribution of cellular forces. We speculate that, by modulating its affinity with kindlin, β3 integrins may be able to locate near the cell edge where it can control β1 integrin activation and clustering. SIGNIFICANCE Tensional homeostasis at the single cell level is performed by the ability of β3 adhesions to negatively regulate the activation degree and spatial localization of β1 integrins. By combining genetic approaches and new tools to analyze traction distribution and cell morphology on a population of cells we were able to identify the molecular partners involved in cellular forces regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Milloud
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5588, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Institut Albert Bonniot, Inserm U1209, CNRS 5309, Dynamique de l'adhérence cellulaire et de la différenciation, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Richard de Mets
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5588, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Ingrid Bourrin-Reynard
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Institut Albert Bonniot, Inserm U1209, CNRS 5309, Dynamique de l'adhérence cellulaire et de la différenciation, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christiane Oddou
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Institut Albert Bonniot, Inserm U1209, CNRS 5309, Dynamique de l'adhérence cellulaire et de la différenciation, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Antoine Delon
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5588, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Irène Wang
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5588, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Albigès-Rizo
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Institut Albert Bonniot, Inserm U1209, CNRS 5309, Dynamique de l'adhérence cellulaire et de la différenciation, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5588, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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130
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Zhang D, Qiao W, Zhao Y, Fang H, Xu D, Xia Q. Curdione attenuates thrombin-induced human platelet activation: β1-tubulin as a potential therapeutic target. Fitoterapia 2016; 116:106-115. [PMID: 27915054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoma Curcumae, the dry rhizomes derived from Curcuma aromatica Salisb., are a classical Chinese medicinal herb used to activate blood circulation, remove blood stasis and alleviate pain. Our previous study proved that curdione, a sesquiterpene compound isolated from the essential oil of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. can inhibit platelet activation suggesting its significant anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects. However, the underlying mechanism of curdione mediated anti-platelet effect has not been fully elucidated. Platelet proteins extracted from washed human platelets, including normal group (treated with normal saline), thrombin group and curdione group were digested and analysed by nano ESI-LC-MS/MS. UniProt database and SIEVE software were employed to identify and reveal the differentially expressed proteins. Furthermore, possible mechanisms involved were explored by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) Software and validated by western blot experiments. Twenty-two differentially expressed proteins between the normal and thrombin group were identified. Compared with the thrombin group, the curdione treatment was significantly down-regulated only 2 proteins (Talin1 and β1-tubulin). Bioinformatics analysis showed that Talin1 and β1-tubulin could be involved in the integrin signal pathway. The results of western blot analysis were consistent with that of the proteomics data. Vinculin, identified in IPA database was involved in the formation of cell cytoskeletal. The down-regulation of β1-tubulin facilitated the decrease in vinculin/Talin1. Curdione regulated the expression of vinculin and Talin1 by β1-tubulin affecting the integrin signalling pathway and eventually inhibiting platelet activation. The β1-tubulin may be a potential target of curdione, which attenuates thrombin-induced human platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Wenhao Qiao
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yingli Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Dujuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Quan Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.
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131
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Sun Z, Guo SS, Fässler R. Integrin-mediated mechanotransduction. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:445-456. [PMID: 27872252 PMCID: PMC5119943 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201609037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sun, Guo, and Fässler review the function and regulation of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction and discuss how its dysregulation impacts cancer progession. Cells can detect and react to the biophysical properties of the extracellular environment through integrin-based adhesion sites and adapt to the extracellular milieu in a process called mechanotransduction. At these adhesion sites, integrins connect the extracellular matrix (ECM) with the F-actin cytoskeleton and transduce mechanical forces generated by the actin retrograde flow and myosin II to the ECM through mechanosensitive focal adhesion proteins that are collectively termed the “molecular clutch.” The transmission of forces across integrin-based adhesions establishes a mechanical reciprocity between the viscoelasticity of the ECM and the cellular tension. During mechanotransduction, force allosterically alters the functions of mechanosensitive proteins within adhesions to elicit biochemical signals that regulate both rapid responses in cellular mechanics and long-term changes in gene expression. Integrin-mediated mechanotransduction plays important roles in development and tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation is often associated with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Sun
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Shengzhen S Guo
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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132
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Maartens AP, Wellmann J, Wictome E, Klapholz B, Green H, Brown NH. Drosophila vinculin is more harmful when hyperactive than absent, and can circumvent integrin to form adhesion complexes. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4354-4365. [PMID: 27737911 PMCID: PMC5201009 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.189878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin is a highly conserved protein involved in cell adhesion and mechanotransduction, and both gain and loss of its activity causes defective cell behaviour. Here, we examine how altering vinculin activity perturbs integrin function within the context of Drosophila development. Whereas loss of vinculin produced relatively minor phenotypes, gain of vinculin activity, through a loss of head–tail autoinhibition, caused lethality. The minimal domain capable of inducing lethality is the talin-binding D1 domain, and this appears to require talin-binding activity, as lethality was suppressed by competition with single vinculin-binding sites from talin. Activated Drosophila vinculin triggered the formation of cytoplasmic adhesion complexes through the rod of talin, but independently of integrin. These complexes contain a subset of adhesion proteins but no longer link the membrane to actin. The negative effects of hyperactive vinculin were segregated into morphogenetic defects caused by its whole head domain and lethality caused by its D1 domain. These findings demonstrate the crucial importance of the tight control of the activity of vinculin. Summary: Development is more sensitive to gain of vinculin activity than its loss, and vinculin can promote cytoplasmic adhesion complexes independently of the usual integrin cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan P Maartens
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Jutta Wellmann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Emma Wictome
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Benjamin Klapholz
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Hannah Green
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Nicholas H Brown
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
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133
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Kank2 activates talin, reduces force transduction across integrins and induces central adhesion formation. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:941-53. [PMID: 27548916 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-based adhesions play critical roles in cell migration. Talin activates integrins and flexibly connects integrins to the actomyosin cytoskeleton, thereby serving as a 'molecular clutch' that transmits forces to the extracellular matrix to drive cell migration. Here we identify the evolutionarily conserved Kank protein family as novel components of focal adhesions (FAs). Kank proteins accumulate at the lateral border of FAs, which we term the FA belt, and in central sliding adhesions, where they directly bind the talin rod domain through the Kank amino-terminal (KN) motif and induce talin and integrin activation. In addition, Kank proteins diminish the talin-actomyosin linkage, which curbs force transmission across integrins, leading to reduced integrin-ligand bond strength, slippage between integrin and ligand, central adhesion formation and sliding, and reduced cell migration speed. Our data identify Kank proteins as talin activators that decrease the grip between the integrin-talin complex and actomyosin to regulate cell migration velocity.
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134
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Hu X, Jing C, Xu X, Nakazawa N, Cornish VW, Margadant FM, Sheetz MP. Cooperative Vinculin Binding to Talin Mapped by Time-Resolved Super Resolution Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4062-8. [PMID: 27210030 PMCID: PMC5367886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The dimeric focal adhesion protein talin contains up to 22 cryptic vinculin binding sites that are exposed by unfolding. Using a novel method to monitor the in situ dynamics of the talin dimer stretch, we find that in contrast to several prevalent talin dimer models the integrin-binding talin N-termini are separated by 162 ± 44 nm on average whereas as expected the C-terminal dimerization domains colocalize and are mobile. Using vinculin tagged by DHFR-TMP Atto655 label, we found that optimal vinculin and vinculin head binding occurred when talin was stretched to 180 nm, while the controls did not bind to talin. Surprisingly, multiple vinculins bound within a single second in narrowly localized regions of the talin rod during stretching. We suggest that talin stretches as an antiparallel dimer and that activates vinculin binding in a cooperative manner, consistent with the stabilization of folded talin by other binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Chaoran Jing
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaochun Xu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Naotaka Nakazawa
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Virginia W. Cornish
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Felix M. Margadant
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Michael P. Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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135
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Bouchet BP, Gough RE, Ammon YC, van de Willige D, Post H, Jacquemet G, Altelaar AM, Heck AJ, Goult BT, Akhmanova A. Talin-KANK1 interaction controls the recruitment of cortical microtubule stabilizing complexes to focal adhesions. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27410476 PMCID: PMC4995097 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between dynamic microtubules and integrin-based adhesions to the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in cell polarity and migration. Microtubules regulate the turnover of adhesion sites, and, in turn, focal adhesions promote the cortical microtubule capture and stabilization in their vicinity, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that cortical microtubule stabilization sites containing CLASPs, KIF21A, LL5β and liprins are recruited to focal adhesions by the adaptor protein KANK1, which directly interacts with the major adhesion component, talin. Structural studies showed that the conserved KN domain in KANK1 binds to the talin rod domain R7. Perturbation of this interaction, including a single point mutation in talin, which disrupts KANK1 binding but not the talin function in adhesion, abrogates the association of microtubule-stabilizing complexes with focal adhesions. We propose that the talin-KANK1 interaction links the two macromolecular assemblies that control cortical attachment of actin fibers and microtubules. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18124.001 Animal cells are organized into tissues and organs. A scaffold-like framework outside of the cells called the extracellular matrix provides support to the cells and helps to hold them in place. Cells attach to the extracellular matrix via structures called focal adhesions on the cell surface; these structures contain a protein called talin. For a cell to be able to move, the existing focal adhesions must be broken down and new adhesions allowed to form. This process is regulated by the delivery and removal of different materials along fibers called microtubules. Microtubules can usually grow and shrink rapidly, but near focal adhesions they are captured at the surface of the cell and become more stable. However, it is not clear how focal adhesions promote microtubule capture and stability. Bouchet et al. found that a protein called KANK1 binds to the focal adhesion protein talin in human cells grown in a culture dish. This allows KANK1 to recruit microtubules to the cell surface around the focal adhesions by binding to particular proteins that are associated with microtubules. Disrupting the interaction between KANK1 and talin by making small alterations in these two proteins blocked the ability of focal adhesions to capture surrounding microtubules. The next step following on from this work will be to find out whether this process also takes place in the cells within an animal’s body, such as a fly or a mouse. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18124.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Bouchet
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemarie E Gough
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - York-Christoph Ammon
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dieudonnée van de Willige
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Post
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Af Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Jr Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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136
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Yao M, Goult BT, Klapholz B, Hu X, Toseland CP, Guo Y, Cong P, Sheetz MP, Yan J. The mechanical response of talin. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11966. [PMID: 27384267 PMCID: PMC4941051 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Talin, a force-bearing cytoplasmic adapter essential for integrin-mediated cell adhesion, links the actin cytoskeleton to integrin-based cell-extracellular matrix adhesions at the plasma membrane. Its C-terminal rod domain, which contains 13 helical bundles, plays important roles in mechanosensing during cell adhesion and spreading. However, how the structural stability and transition kinetics of the 13 helical bundles of talin are utilized in the diverse talin-dependent mechanosensing processes remains poorly understood. Here we report the force-dependent unfolding and refolding kinetics of all talin rod domains. Using experimentally determined kinetics parameters, we determined the dynamics of force fluctuation during stretching of talin under physiologically relevant pulling speeds and experimentally measured extension fluctuation trajectories. Our results reveal that force-dependent stochastic unfolding and refolding of talin rod domains make talin a very effective force buffer that sets a physiological force range of only a few pNs in the talin-mediated force transmission pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Yao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | | | - Benjamin Klapholz
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Anatomy Building, Downing street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Xian Hu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | | | - Yingjian Guo
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Peiwen Cong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Michael P. Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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137
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Zacharchenko T, Qian X, Goult BT, Jethwa D, Almeida TB, Ballestrem C, Critchley DR, Lowy DR, Barsukov IL. LD Motif Recognition by Talin: Structure of the Talin-DLC1 Complex. Structure 2016; 24:1130-41. [PMID: 27265849 PMCID: PMC4938799 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration requires coordination between integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and force applied to adhesion sites. Talin plays a key role in coupling integrin receptors to the actomyosin contractile machinery, while deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is a Rho GAP that binds talin and regulates Rho, and therefore actomyosin contractility. We show that the LD motif of DLC1 forms a helix that binds to the four-helix bundle of the talin R8 domain in a canonical triple-helix arrangement. We demonstrate that the same R8 surface interacts with the paxillin LD1 and LD2 motifs. We identify key charged residues that stabilize the R8 interactions with LD motifs and demonstrate their importance in vitro and in cells. Our results suggest a network of competitive interactions in adhesion complexes that involve LD motifs, and identify mutations that can be used to analyze the biological roles of specific protein-protein interactions in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zacharchenko
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Devina Jethwa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Teresa B Almeida
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Igor L Barsukov
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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138
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Kumar A, Ouyang M, Van den Dries K, McGhee EJ, Tanaka K, Anderson MD, Groisman A, Goult BT, Anderson KI, Schwartz MA. Talin tension sensor reveals novel features of focal adhesion force transmission and mechanosensitivity. J Cell Biol 2016; 213:371-83. [PMID: 27161398 PMCID: PMC4862330 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201510012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-dependent adhesions are mechanosensitive structures in which talin mediates a linkage to actin filaments either directly or indirectly by recruiting vinculin. Here, we report the development and validation of a talin tension sensor. We find that talin in focal adhesions is under tension, which is higher in peripheral than central adhesions. Tension on talin is increased by vinculin and depends mainly on actin-binding site 2 (ABS2) within the middle of the rod domain, rather than ABS3 at the far C terminus. Unlike vinculin, talin is under lower tension on soft substrates. The difference between central and peripheral adhesions requires ABS3 but not vinculin or ABS2. However, differential stiffness sensing by talin requires ABS2 but not vinculin or ABS3. These results indicate that central versus peripheral adhesions must be organized and regulated differently, and that ABS2 and ABS3 have distinct functions in spatial variations and stiffness sensing. Overall, these results shed new light on talin function and constrain models for cellular mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Mingxing Ouyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Koen Van den Dries
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Ewan James McGhee
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G20 0TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Keiichiro Tanaka
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Marie D Anderson
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, England, UK
| | - Alexander Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, England, UK
| | - Kurt I Anderson
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G20 0TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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139
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Cell adhesion and invasion mechanisms that guide developing axons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 39:77-85. [PMID: 27135389 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Axon extension, guidance and tissue invasion share many similarities to normal cell migration and cancer cell metastasis. Proper cell and growth cone migration requires tightly regulated adhesion complex assembly and detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, many cell types actively remodel the ECM using matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) to control tissue invasion and cell dispersal. Targeting and activating MMPs is a tightly regulated process, that when dysregulated, can lead to cancer cell metastasis. Interestingly, new evidence suggests that growth cones express similar cellular and molecular machinery as migrating cells to clutch retrograde actin flow on ECM proteins and target matrix degradation, which may be used to facilitate axon pathfinding through the basal lamina and across tissues.
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140
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Byron A, Frame MC. Adhesion protein networks reveal functions proximal and distal to cell-matrix contacts. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 39:93-100. [PMID: 26930633 PMCID: PMC5094910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is generally mediated by integrin receptors, which bind to intracellular adhesion proteins that form multi-molecular scaffolding and signalling complexes. The networks of proteins, and their interactions, are dynamic, mechanosensitive and extremely complex. Recent efforts to characterise adhesions using a variety of technologies, including imaging, proteomics and bioinformatics, have provided new insights into their composition, organisation and how they are regulated, and have also begun to reveal unexpected roles for so-called adhesion proteins in other cellular compartments (for example, the nucleus or centrosomes) in diseases such as cancer. We believe this is opening a new chapter on understanding the wider functions of adhesion proteins, both proximal and distal to cell-matrix contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Byron
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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141
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Han MKL, de Rooij J. Converging and Unique Mechanisms of Mechanotransduction at Adhesion Sites. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:612-623. [PMID: 27036655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which physical forces control tissue development are beginning to be elucidated. Sites of adhesion between both cells and the extracellular environment [extracellular matrix (ECM) or neighboring cells] contain protein complexes capable of sensing fluctuations in tensile forces. Tension-dependent changes in the dynamics and composition of these complexes mark the transformation of physical input into biochemical signals that defines mechanotransduction. It is becoming apparent that, although the core constituents of these different adhesions are distinct, principles and proteins involved in mechanotransduction are conserved. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of overlapping and distinct aspects of mechanotransduction between integrin and cadherin adhesion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell K L Han
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stratenum 3.231, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan de Rooij
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stratenum 3.231, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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142
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Navarro AP, Collins MA, Folker ES. The nucleus is a conserved mechanosensation and mechanoresponse organelle. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:59-67. [PMID: 26849407 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cells in vivo exist in a dynamic environment where they experience variable mechanical influences. The precise mechanical environment influences cell-cell interactions, cell-extracellular matrix interactions, and in-turn, cell morphology and cell function. Therefore, the ability of each cell to constantly and rapidly alter their behavior in response to variations in their mechanical environment is essential for cell viability, development, and function. Mechanotransduction, the process by which mechanical force is translated into a biochemical signal to activate downstream cellular responses, is thus crucial to cell function during development and homeostasis. Although much research has focused on how protein complexes at the cell cortex respond to mechanical stress to initiate mechanotransduction, the nucleus has emerged as crucial to the ability of the cell to perceive and respond to changes in its mechanical environment. This additional method for mechanosensing allows for direct transmission of force through the cytoskeleton to the nucleus, which can increase the speed at which a cell changes its transcriptional profile. This review discusses recent work demonstrating the importance of the nucleus in mediating the cellular response to internal and external force, establishing the nucleus as an important mechanosensing organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Navarro
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142
| | - Mary Ann Collins
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, 02467
| | - Eric S Folker
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, 02467
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143
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Haining AWM, Lieberthal TJ, Hernández ADR. Talin: a mechanosensitive molecule in health and disease. FASEB J 2016; 30:2073-85. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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144
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Izard T, Brown DT. Mechanisms and Functions of Vinculin Interactions with Phospholipids at Cell Adhesion Sites. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:2548-55. [PMID: 26728462 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.686493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein vinculin is a major regulator of cell adhesion and attaches to the cell surface by binding to specific phospholipids. Structural, biochemical, and biological studies provided much insight into how vinculin binds to membranes, what components it recognizes, and how lipid binding is regulated. Here we discuss the roles and mechanisms of phospholipids in regulating the structure and function of vinculin and of its muscle-specific metavinculin splice variant. A full appreciation of these processes is necessary for understanding how vinculin regulates cell motility, migration, and wound healing, and for understanding of its role in cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Izard
- From the Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458 and
| | - David T Brown
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
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145
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Mechanosensitive components of integrin adhesions: Role of vinculin. Exp Cell Res 2015; 343:21-27. [PMID: 26607713 PMCID: PMC4856733 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
External forces play a key role in shaping development and normal physiology. Aberrant responses to forces, or changes in the nature of such forces, are implicated in a variety of diseases. Cells contain several types of adhesions, linking them to their external environment. It is through these adhesions that forces are both sensed (from the outside inwards) and applied (from inside to out). Furthermore, several adhesion-based proteins are sensitive to changes in intracellular forces, utilising them for activation and regulation. Here, we outline how vinculin, a key component of integrin-mediated adhesions linking the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM), is regulated by force and acts as force transducing protein. We discuss the role of vinculin in vivo and its place in health and disease; summarise the proposed mechanisms by which vinculin is recruited to and activated at integrin-ECM adhesions; and discuss recent findings that place vinculin as the major force sensing and transmitting component of cell–matrix adhesion complexes. Finally, we discuss the role of vinculin in regulating the cellular responses to both the physical properties of the external environment and to externally applied physical stimuli.
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