101
|
Interleukin-17 expression in the serum and exfoliated cervical cells of patients infected with high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus. Cytokine 2019; 120:92-98. [PMID: 31054481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection by high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions, and both the systemic and local immunological responses play an important role in eliminating or maintenance this infection. Th17 cells, as well as interleukin (IL)-17, are related to tumor growth and persistence of viral infection. Thus, this study aimed to quantify IL-17 in the serum and exfoliated cervical cells of HR-HPV-infected patients and healthy patients as well as identify CD4+IL17+ cells and IL-17 production in uterine cervix biopsies to better understand the behavior of this cytokine in HPV infections. IL-17 was quantified (pg/mL) in the serum and exfoliated cervical cells of 26 HR-HPV-infected patients, and in 18 healthy patients, using flow cytometry. Fifteen paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from the uterine cervix were subjected to immunohistochemistry to detect CD4+IL-17+ and IL-17+ cells. There was a significant increase in the concentration of IL-17 in HR-HPV-positive patients' serum when compared to that in samples of exfoliated cervical cells (p < 0.05). Likewise, when compared with that in healthy patients, the IL-17 concentration was still higher in HR-HPV-positive patients sera (p < 0.05). We did not find differences in the amount of CD4+IL-17+ cells and other IL-17-secreting cells between different histopathological lesions. Our results suggest that HR-HPV infection predominantly stimulates systemic IL-17 production along with less localized expression.
Collapse
|
102
|
Liu MA. A Comparison of Plasmid DNA and mRNA as Vaccine Technologies. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E37. [PMID: 31022829 PMCID: PMC6631684 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comparison of the theoretical issues and experimental findings for plasmid DNA and mRNA vaccine technologies. While both have been under development since the 1990s, in recent years, significant excitement has turned to mRNA despite the licensure of several veterinary DNA vaccines. Both have required efforts to increase their potency either via manipulating the plasmid DNA and the mRNA directly or through the addition of adjuvants or immunomodulators as well as delivery systems and formulations. The greater inherent inflammatory nature of the mRNA vaccines is discussed for both its potential immunological utility for vaccines and for the potential toxicity. The status of the clinical trials of mRNA vaccines is described along with a comparison to DNA vaccines, specifically the immunogenicity of both licensed veterinary DNA vaccines and select DNA vaccine candidates in human clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Liu
- ProTherImmune, 3656 Happy Valley Road, Lafayette, CA 94549, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Lopes A, Vandermeulen G, Préat V. Cancer DNA vaccines: current preclinical and clinical developments and future perspectives. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:146. [PMID: 30953535 PMCID: PMC6449928 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent developments in immuno-oncology have opened an unprecedented avenue for the emergence of vaccine strategies. Therapeutic DNA cancer vaccines are now considered a very promising strategy to activate the immune system against cancer. In the past, several clinical trials using plasmid DNA vaccines demonstrated a good safety profile and the activation of a broad and specific immune response. However, these vaccines often demonstrated only modest therapeutic effects in clinical trials due to the immunosuppressive mechanisms developed by the tumor. To enhance the vaccine-induced immune response and the treatment efficacy, DNA vaccines could be improved by using two different strategies. The first is to increase their immunogenicity by selecting and optimizing the best antigen(s) to be inserted into the plasmid DNA. The second strategy is to combine DNA vaccines with other complementary therapies that could improve their activity by attenuating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment or by increasing the activity/number of immune cells. A growing number of preclinical and clinical studies are adopting these two strategies to better exploit the potential of DNA vaccination. In this review, we analyze the last 5-year preclinical studies and 10-year clinical trials using plasmid DNA vaccines for cancer therapy. We also investigate the strategies that are being developed to overcome the limitations in cancer DNA vaccination, revisiting the rationale for different combinations of therapy and the different possibilities in antigen choice. Finally, we highlight the most promising developments and critical points that need to be addressed to move towards the approval of therapeutic cancer DNA vaccines as part of the standard of cancer care in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lopes
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1.73.12, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Vandermeulen
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1.73.12, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1.73.12, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Mekonnen ZA, Grubor-Bauk B, Masavuli MG, Shrestha AC, Ranasinghe C, Bull RA, Lloyd AR, Gowans EJ, Wijesundara DK. Toward DNA-Based T-Cell Mediated Vaccines to Target HIV-1 and Hepatitis C Virus: Approaches to Elicit Localized Immunity for Protection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:91. [PMID: 31001491 PMCID: PMC6456646 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major contributors to the global disease burden with many experts recognizing the requirement of an effective vaccine to bring a durable end to these viral epidemics. The most promising vaccine candidates that have advanced into pre-clinical models and the clinic to eliminate or provide protection against these chronic viruses are viral vectors [e.g., recombinant cytomegalovirus, Adenovirus, and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)]. This raises the question, is there a need to develop DNA vaccines against HIV-1 and HCV? Since the initial study from Wolff and colleagues which showed that DNA represents a vector that can be used to express transgenes durably in vivo, DNA has been regularly evaluated as a vaccine vector albeit with limited success in large animal models and humans. However, several recent studies in Phase I-IIb trials showed that vaccination of patients with recombinant DNA represents a feasible therapeutic intervention to even cure cervical cancer, highlighting the potential of using DNA for human vaccinations. In this review, we will discuss the limitations and the strategies of using DNA as a vector to develop prophylactic T cell-mediated vaccines against HIV-1 and HCV. In particular, we focus on potential strategies exploiting DNA vectors to elicit protective localized CD8+ T cell immunity in the liver for HCV and in the cervicovaginal mucosa for HIV-1 as localized immunity will be an important, if not critical component, of an efficacious vaccine against these viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem A. Mekonnen
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Makutiro G. Masavuli
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashish C. Shrestha
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rowena A. Bull
- Viral Immunology Systems Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Lloyd
- Viral Immunology Systems Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric J. Gowans
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Danushka K. Wijesundara
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,*Correspondence: Danushka K. Wijesundara
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Mirza AH, Thomas G, Ottensmeier CH, King EV. Importance of the immune system in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2019; 41:2789-2800. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adal H. Mirza
- Somers Cancer Research Building MP824; Southampton General Hospital; Southampton United Kingdom
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Poole United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Thomas
- Somers Cancer Research Building MP824; Southampton General Hospital; Southampton United Kingdom
| | | | - Emma V. King
- Somers Cancer Research Building MP824; Southampton General Hospital; Southampton United Kingdom
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Poole United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Hollingsworth RE, Jansen K. Turning the corner on therapeutic cancer vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:7. [PMID: 30774998 PMCID: PMC6368616 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in several areas are rekindling interest and enabling progress in the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines. These advances have been made in target selection, vaccine technology, and methods for reversing the immunosuppressive mechanisms exploited by cancers. Studies testing different tumor antigens have revealed target properties that yield high tumor versus normal cell specificity and adequate immunogenicity to affect clinical efficacy. A few tumor-associated antigens, normal host proteins that are abnormally expressed in cancer cells, have been demonstrated to serve as good targets for immunotherapies, although many do not possess the needed specificity or immunogenicity. Neoantigens, which arise from mutated proteins in cancer cells, are truly cancer-specific and can be highly immunogenic, though the vast majority are unique to each patient's cancer and thus require development of personalized therapies. Lessons from previous cancer vaccine expeditions are teaching us the type and magnitude of immune responses needed, as well as vaccine technologies that can achieve these responses. For example, we are learning which vaccine approaches elicit the potent, balanced, and durable CD4 plus CD8 T cell expansion necessary for clinical efficacy. Exploration of interactions between the immune system and cancer has elucidated the adaptations that enable cancer cells to suppress and evade immune attack. This has led to breakthroughs in the development of new drugs, and, subsequently, to opportunities to combine these with cancer vaccines and dramatically increase patient responses. Here we review this recent progress, highlighting key steps that are bringing the promise of therapeutic cancer vaccines within reach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathrin Jansen
- Vaccines Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Amador-Molina A, Trejo-Moreno C, Romero-Rodríguez D, Sada-Ovalle I, Pérez-Cárdenas E, Lamoyi E, Moreno J, Lizano M. Vaccination with human papillomavirus-18 E1 protein plus α-galactosyl-ceramide induces CD8 + cytotoxic response and impairs the growth of E1-expressing tumors. Vaccine 2019; 37:1219-1228. [PMID: 30704821 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response plays a major role in the clearance of virus-infected cells, including human papillomavirus (HPV). The effective treatment of women with normal cytology but persistent high risk-HPV infection or with low-grade intraepithelial lesions could take advantage of novel strategies based on vaccination with viral immunological targets with a wide spectrum of cross-protection. The helicase E1, expressed early during viral replication in HPV infection, is among the most conserved papillomavirus proteins, which makes it a good vaccine candidate. In the present study, we examined E1-specific CD8+ T cell and NK immune responses in a mouse model with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) as an adjuvant. We found that mice immunized with E1 combined with α-GalCer elicited an E1-specific CD8+ T and NK cell cytotoxic responses, which correlated with growth inhibition of grafted melanoma B16-F0 cells expressing E1, both in prophylactic and therapeutic protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Amador-Molina
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Cesar Trejo-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Damaris Romero-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Isabel Sada-Ovalle
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Enrique Pérez-Cárdenas
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Edmundo Lamoyi
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José Moreno
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México 07760, Mexico
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Curran MA, Glisson BS. New Hope for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Modulation. Annu Rev Med 2019; 70:409-424. [PMID: 30379596 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050217-121900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The driver and passenger mutations accumulated in the process of malignant transformation offer an adequate spectrum of immune visible alterations to the cellular proteome and resulting peptidome to render these cancers targetable-and, in theory, rejectable-by the host T cell immune response. In addition, cancers often overexpress tissue-specific and developmental antigens to which immune tolerance is incomplete. Sometimes, virally transferred oncogenes drive malignant transformation and remain expressed throughout the cancer. Despite this state of antigenic sufficiency, cancer grows progressively and overcomes all efforts of the host immune system to contain it. While therapeutic cancer vaccination can mobilize high frequencies of tumor-specific T cells, these responses remain subject to intratumoral attenuation. Antibody modulation of T cell function through checkpoint blockade or costimulatory activation can restore survival, proliferation, and effector function to these tumor-infiltrating T cells and convert otherwise subtherapeutic vaccines into potentially curative cancer immunotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Curran
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA; .,University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Bonnie S Glisson
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Di Bonito P, Accardi L, Galati L, Ferrantelli F, Federico M. Anti-Cancer Vaccine for HPV-Associated Neoplasms: Focus on a Therapeutic HPV Vaccine Based on a Novel Tumor Antigen Delivery Method Using Endogenously Engineered Exosomes. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E138. [PMID: 30682811 PMCID: PMC6406600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes are universally recognized as major etiological agents not only of ano-genital tumors but also of head and neck cancers, which show increasing incidence. The evaluation of current and future therapeutic approaches against HPV-induced tumors is a global health priority, despite an effective prophylactic vaccine against 7 of the 12 genotypes involved in the etiology of tumors being currently available. In this review, we present the main anti-HPV therapeutic approaches in clinical experimentation, with a focus on a novel tumor antigen delivery method using engineered exosomes, that we recently developed. Our system allows the induction of an efficient unrestricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune response against the HPV16-E7 tumor-associated antigen, with the formation of endogenously engineered exosomes, i.e., nanovesicles spontaneously released by all cell types. Immunogenic exosomes are uploaded with HPV16-E7 due to the fusion with a unique exosome-anchoring protein referred to as Nefmut. Intramuscular injection of a DNA vector expressing the fusion protein generates exosomes sufficiently immunogenic to elicit a potent anti-16E7 CTL immune response. The approach is described here and the advantages over other existing methodologies are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Viral Hepatitis, Oncoviruses and Retroviruses (EVOR) unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Accardi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Viral Hepatitis, Oncoviruses and Retroviruses (EVOR) unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Galati
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Viral Hepatitis, Oncoviruses and Retroviruses (EVOR) unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Flavia Ferrantelli
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Federico
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Abstract
Cysteine-X-cysteine chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a broadly expressed and multifunctional G protein-coupled chemokine receptor critical for organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and antimicrobial host defense. In the hematopoietic system, the binding of CXCR4 to its cognate chemokine ligand, CXCL12, mediates leukocyte trafficking, distribution, survival, activation, and proliferation. Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant, combined immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations in the C-terminus of CXCR4 that prevent receptor downregulation and therefore result in pathologically increased signaling. The “M” in the acronym WHIM refers to myelokathexis, the retention of neutrophils in the bone marrow resulting in neutropenia, which explains in part the increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. However, WHIM patients also present with B and T lymphopenia, which may explain the susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV), the cause of warts. The impact of WHIM mutations on lymphocytes and adaptive immunity has received less attention than myelokathexis and is the focus of this review.
Collapse
|
111
|
Frietze KM, Lijek R, Chackerian B. Applying lessons from human papillomavirus vaccines to the development of vaccines against Chlamydia trachomatis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:959-966. [PMID: 30300019 PMCID: PMC6246778 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1534587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI), leads to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy in women. In this Perspective, we discuss the successful human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine as a case study to inform Ct vaccine efforts. Areas covered: The immunological basis of HPV vaccine-elicited protection is high-titer, long-lasting antibody responses in the genital tract which provides sterilizing immunity. These antibodies are elicited through parenteral administration of a subunit vaccine based on virus-like particles (VLPs) of HPV. We present three lessons learned from the successful HPV vaccine efforts: (1) antibodies alone can be sufficient to provide protection from STIs in the genital tract, (2) the successful generation of high antibody levels is due to the multivalent structure of HPV VLPs, (3) major challenges exist in designing vaccines that elicit appropriate effector T cells in the genital tract. We then discuss the possibility of antibody-based immunity for Ct. Expert commentary: In this Perspective, we present a case for developing antibody-eliciting vaccines, similar to the HPV vaccine, for Ct. Basic research into the mechanisms of Ct entry into host cells will reveal new vaccine targets, which may be antigens against which antibodies are not normally elicited during natural infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Frietze
- a Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology , School of Medicine, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Rebeccah Lijek
- b Department of Biological Sciences , Mount Holyoke College , South Hadley , MA , USA
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- a Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology , School of Medicine, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Qiu J, Peng S, Ma Y, Yang A, Farmer E, Cheng MA, Roden RBS, Wu TC, Chang YN, Hung CF. Epithelial boost enhances antigen expression by vaccinia virus for the generation of potent CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity following DNA priming vaccination. Virology 2018; 525:205-215. [PMID: 30296681 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
While both pNGVL4a-Sig/E7(detox)/HSP70 DNA vaccine and TA-HPV recombinant vaccinia viral vector-based vaccines have elicited HPV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in HPV16/E7-expressing tumor models, and been used as prime-boost regimen to enhance HPV-specific immune responses in humans (NCT00788164), the optimal route of administration for TA-HPV remains unclear. In a preclinical model, we examined the immunogenicity of priming with intramuscular pNGVL4a-Sig/E7(detox)/HSP70 followed by TA-HPV boost through different administration routes. We observed that priming twice with a pNGVL4a-Sig/E7(detox)/HSP70 followed by a single TA-HPV immunization boost through skin scarification generated the strongest antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response in C57BL/6 mice. These data translate to tumor control and prolonged survival of treated mice. Our results provide rationale for future clinical testing of intramuscular pNGVL4a-Sig/E7(detox)/HSP70 DNA vaccine prime, TA-HPV vaccine skin scarification boost immunization regimen for the control of HPV-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Andrew Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Emily Farmer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Max A Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - T-C Wu
- Departments of Pathology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Oncology. Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Yung-Nien Chang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; Papivax Biotech Inc., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Smith TRF, Schultheis K, Broderick KE. Nucleic acid-based vaccines targeting respiratory syncytial virus: Delivering the goods. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 13:2626-2629. [PMID: 28881156 PMCID: PMC5703370 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1363134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a massive medical burden on a global scale. Infants, children and the elderly represent the vulnerable populations. Currently there is no approved vaccine to protect against the disease. Vaccine development has been hindered by several factors including vaccine enhanced disease (VED) associated with formalin-inactivated RSV vaccines, inability of target populations to raise protective immune responses after vaccination or natural viral infection, and a lack of consensus concerning the most appropriate virus-associated target antigen. However, with recent advances in the molecular understanding of the virus, and design of highly characterized vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity there is new belief a RSV vaccine is possible. One promising approach is nucleic acid-based vaccinology. Both DNA and mRNA RSV vaccines are showing promising results in clinically relevant animal models, supporting their transition into humans. Here we will discuss this strategy to target RSV, and the ongoing studies to advance the nucleic acid vaccine platform as a viable option to protect vulnerable populations from this important disease.
Collapse
|
114
|
Chabeda A, Yanez RJR, Lamprecht R, Meyers AE, Rybicki EP, Hitzeroth II. Therapeutic vaccines for high-risk HPV-associated diseases. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 5:46-58. [PMID: 29277575 PMCID: PMC5887015 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and it is estimated that Human papillomavirus (HPV) related cancers account for 5% of all human cancers. Current HPV vaccines are extremely effective at preventing infection and neoplastic disease; however, they are prophylactic and do not clear established infections. Therapeutic vaccines which trigger cell-mediated immune responses for the treatment of established infections and malignancies are therefore required. The E6 and E7 early genes are ideal targets for vaccine therapy due to their role in disruption of the cell cycle and their constitutive expression in premalignant and malignant tissues. Several strategies have been investigated for the development of therapeutic vaccines, including live-vector, nucleic acid, peptide, protein-based and cell-based vaccines as well as combinatorial approaches, with several vaccine candidates progressing to clinical trials. With the current understanding of the HPV life cycle, molecular mechanisms of infection, carcinogenesis, tumour biology, the tumour microenvironment and immune response mechanisms, an approved HPV therapeutic vaccine seems to be a goal not far from being achieved. In this article, the status of therapeutic HPV vaccines in clinical trials are reviewed, and the potential for plant-based vaccine production platforms described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleyo Chabeda
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Romana J R Yanez
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Renate Lamprecht
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Ann E Meyers
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Inga I Hitzeroth
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Hanna E, Dany M, Abbas O, Kreidieh F, Kurban M. Updates on the use of vaccines in dermatological conditions. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018; 84:388-402. [PMID: 29794355 DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_1036_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Numerous vaccines are being actively developed for use in dermatologic diseases. Advances in the fields of immunotherapy, genetics and molecular medicine have allowed for the design of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines with immense potential in managing infections and malignancies of the skin. This review addresses the different vaccines available for use in dermatological diseases and those under development for future potential use. The major limitation of our review is its complete reliance on published data. Our review is strictly limited to the availability of published research online through available databases. We do not cite any of the authors' previous publications nor have we conducted previous original research studies regarding vaccines in dermatology. Strength would have been added to our paper had we conducted original studies by our research team regarding the candidate vaccines delineated in the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edith Hanna
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammed Dany
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kreidieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Di Tucci C, Schiavi MC, Faiano P, D'Oria O, Prata G, Sciuga V, Giannini A, Palaia I, Muzii L, Benedetti Panici P. Therapeutic vaccines and immune checkpoints inhibition options for gynecological cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 128:30-42. [PMID: 29958629 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatments for gynecological cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. However, overall survival is not improved, and novel approaches are needed. Immunotherapy has been proven efficacious in various types of cancers and multiple approaches have been recently developed. Since numerous gynecological cancers are associated to human papilloma virus (HPV) infections, therapeutic vaccines, targeting HPV epitopes, have been developed. The advancing understanding of the immune system, regulatory pathways and tumor microenvironment have produced a major interest in immune checkpoint blockade, Indeed, immune checkpoint molecules are important clinical targets in a wide variety of tumors, including gynecological. In this review, we will describe the immunotherapeutic targets and modalities available and review the most recent immunotherapeutic clinical trials in the context of gynecological cancers. The synergic results obtained from the combination of HPV therapeutic vaccines with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immune checkpoint inhibitors, may underlie the potential for a novel therapeutic scenario for these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Tucci
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Carlo Schiavi
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pierangelo Faiano
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ottavia D'Oria
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Prata
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Sciuga
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Giannini
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Innocenza Palaia
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Muzii
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Correlates of immune and clinical activity of novel cancer vaccines. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:119-136. [PMID: 29709421 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are solely meant to amplify the pool of type 1 cytokine oriented CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that recognize tumor antigen and ultimately foster control and destruction of a growing tumor. They are not designed to deal with all aspects of immune ignorance, exclusion, suppression and escape that are generally in place in patients with cancer and may prevent the T cells to enter the tumor or to exert their effector function. This simple fact prompted for a reappraisal of the many recent trials in which therapeutic cancer vaccines have been examined as monotherapy. In this review, I focus on trials examining therapeutic cancer vaccines at different stages of existing disease. The analysis of vaccine-induced immune responses and clinical activity of therapeutic cancer vaccines revealed four levels of evidence for vaccine efficacy. The lowest levels, reflect the many trials in which the strength of the tumor-reactive T cell response of vaccinated patients is associated with better clinical outcome or change in tumor marker. The highest levels indicate occasional regressions of tumors and metastases after vaccination or reflect a stronger clinical impact of vaccine in a randomized trial. A whole series of trials in which vaccine-induced tumor immunity correlates with the clinical impact of cancer vaccines in premalignant diseases, settings of low tumor burden or tumor regressions in patients with cancer, form an attest to the fact that cancer vaccines work. While the current number of true clinical responders in each cancer trial is too low for firm conclusions on immune correlates of clinical reactivity in cancer, extrapolation of the results from vaccinated patients with pre-cancers suggest a requirement of broad type 1 T cell reactivity.
Collapse
|
118
|
The perfect personalized cancer therapy: cancer vaccines against neoantigens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:86. [PMID: 29678194 PMCID: PMC5910567 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the advent of Immune Checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and of CAR-T adoptive T-cells, the new frontier in Oncology is Cancer Immunotherapy because of its ability to provide long term clinical benefit in metastatic disease in several solid and liquid tumor types. It is now clear that ICI acts by unmasking preexisting immune responses as well as by inducing de novo responses against tumor neoantigens. Thanks to theprogress made in genomics technologies and the evolution of bioinformatics, neoantigens represent ideal targets, due to their specific expression in cancer tissue and the potential lack of side effects. In this review, we discuss the promise of preclinical and clinical results with mutation-derived neoantigen cancer vaccines (NCVs) along with the current limitations from bioinformatics prediction to manufacturing an effective new therapeutic approach.
Collapse
|
119
|
Brentville VA, Atabani S, Cook K, Durrant LG. Novel tumour antigens and the development of optimal vaccine design. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2018; 6:31-47. [PMID: 29998219 DOI: 10.1177/2515135518768769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between tumours and the immune system has long been known to involve complex interactions between tumour cells, immune cells and the tumour microenvironment. The progress of checkpoint inhibitors in the clinic in the last decade has highlighted again the role of the immune system in the fight against cancer. Numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop ways of stimulating the cellular immune response to eradicate tumours. These interventions include the identification of appropriate tumour antigens as targets for therapy. In this review, we summarize progress in selection of target tumour antigen. Targeting self antigens has the problem of thymic deletion of high-affinity T-cell responses leaving a diminished repertoire of low-affinity T cells that fail to kill tumour cells. Thymic regulation appears to be less stringent for differentiation of cancer-testis antigens, as many tumour rejection antigens fall into this category. More recently, targeting neo-epitopes or post-translational modifications such as a phosphorylation or stress-induced citrullination has shown great promise in preclinical studies. Of particular interest is that the responses can be mediated by both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Previous vaccines have targeted CD8 T-cell responses but more recently, the central role of CD4 T cells in orchestrating inflammation within tumours and also differentiating into potent killer cells has been recognized. The design of vaccines to induce such immune responses is discussed herein. Liposomally encoded ribonucleic acid (RNA), targeted deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or long peptides linked to toll-like receptor (TLR) adjuvants are the most promising new vaccine approaches. These exciting new approaches suggest that the 'Holy Grail' of a simple nontoxic cancer vaccine may be on the horizon. A major hurdle in tumour therapy is also to overcome the suppressive tumour environment. We address current progress in combination therapies and suggest that these are likely to show the most promise for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suha Atabani
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katherine Cook
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lindy G Durrant
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Therapeutic cancer vaccines: From initial findings to prospects. Immunol Lett 2018; 196:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
121
|
Wang S, Ni D, Yue H, Luo N, Xi X, Wang Y, Shi M, Wei W, Ma G. Exploration of Antigen Induced CaCO 3 Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Vaccine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1704272. [PMID: 29468827 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines possess particular advantages and show promising potential to combat burdening diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, hepatitis, and even cancers. An efficient therapeutic vaccine would strengthen the immune system and eventually eliminate target cells through cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Unfortunately, insufficient efficacy in triggering such an adaptive immune response is a problem that remains unsolved. To achieve efficient cellular immunity, antigen-presenting cells must capture and further cross-present disease-associated antigens to CD8 T cells via major histocompatibility complex I molecules. Here, a biomimetic strategy is developed to fabricate hierarchical ovalbumin@CaCO3 nanoparticles (OVA@NP, ≈500 nm) under the templating effect of antigen OVA. Taking advantage of the unique physicochemical properties of crystalline vaterite, cluster structure, and high loading, OVA@NP can efficiently ferry cargo antigen to dendritic cells and blast lysosomes for antigen escape to the cytoplasm. In addition, the first evidence that the physical stress from generated CO2 induces autophagy through the LC3/Beclin 1 pathways is presented. These outcomes cooperatively promote antigen cross-presentation, elicit CD8 T cell proliferation, ignite a potent and specific CTL response, and finally achieve prominent tumor therapy effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dezhi Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Nana Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, P. R. China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Gálvez-Cancino F, López E, Menares E, Díaz X, Flores C, Cáceres P, Hidalgo S, Chovar O, Alcántara-Hernández M, Borgna V, Varas-Godoy M, Salazar-Onfray F, Idoyaga J, Lladser A. Vaccination-induced skin-resident memory CD8 + T cells mediate strong protection against cutaneous melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1442163. [PMID: 29900048 PMCID: PMC5993487 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1442163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cell responses have the potential to mediate long-lasting protection against cancers. Resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells stably reside in non-lymphoid tissues and mediate superior innate and adaptive immunity against pathogens. Emerging evidence indicates that Trm cells develop in human solid cancers and play a key role in controlling tumor growth. However, the specific contribution of Trm cells to anti-tumor immunity is incompletely understood. Moreover, clinically applicable vaccination strategies that efficiently establish Trm cell responses remain largely unexplored and are expected to strongly protect against tumors. Here we demonstrated that a single intradermal administration of gene- or protein-based vaccines efficiently induces specific Trm cell responses against models of tumor-specific and self-antigens, which accumulated in vaccinated and distant non-vaccinated skin. Vaccination-induced Trm cells were largely resistant to in vivo intravascular staining and antibody-dependent depletion. Intradermal, but not intraperitoneal vaccination, generated memory precursors expressing skin-homing molecules in circulation and Trm cells in skin. Interestingly, vaccination-induced Trm cell responses strongly suppressed the growth of B16F10 melanoma, independently of circulating memory CD8+ T cells, and were able to infiltrate tumors. This work highlights the therapeutic potential of vaccination-induced Trm cell responses to achieve potent protection against skin malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto López
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Evelyn Menares
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Díaz
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Flores
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cáceres
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ornella Chovar
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Vincenzo Borgna
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Alvaro Lladser
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Cheng MA, Farmer E, Huang C, Lin J, Hung CF, Wu TC. Therapeutic DNA Vaccines for Human Papillomavirus and Associated Diseases. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:971-996. [PMID: 29316817 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has long been recognized as the causative agent of cervical cancer. High-risk HPV types 16 and 18 alone are responsible for over 70% of all cases of cervical cancers. More recently, HPV has been identified as an etiological factor for several other forms of cancers, including oropharyngeal, anogenital, and skin. Thus, the association of HPV with these malignancies creates an opportunity to control these HPV lesions and HPV-associated malignancies through immunization. Strategies to prevent or to therapeutically treat HPV infections have been developed and are still pushing innovative boundaries. Currently, commercial prophylactic HPV vaccines are widely available, but they are not able to control established infections or lesions. As a result, there is an urgent need for the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines, to treat existing infections, and to prevent the development of HPV-associated cancers. In particular, DNA vaccination has emerged as a promising form of therapeutic HPV vaccine. DNA vaccines have great potential for the treatment of HPV infections and HPV-associated cancers due to their safety, stability, simplicity of manufacturability, and ability to induce antigen-specific immunity. This review focuses on the current state of therapeutic HPV DNA vaccines, including results from recent and ongoing clinical trials, and outlines different strategies that have been employed to improve their potencies. The continued progress and improvements made in therapeutic HPV DNA vaccine development holds great potential for innovative ways to effectively treat HPV infections and HPV-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max A Cheng
- 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emily Farmer
- 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Claire Huang
- 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Lin
- 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T-C Wu
- 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland.,4 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Cordeiro MN, De Lima RDCP, Paolini F, Melo ARDS, Campos APF, Venuti A, De Freitas AC. Current research into novel therapeutic vaccines against cervical cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:365-376. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1445527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Nazário Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental – LEMTE, Brazil Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Pereira De Lima
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental – LEMTE, Brazil Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE, Brazil
| | - Francesca Paolini
- HPV-Unit UOSD Immunology and Tumor Immunotherapy, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alanne Rayssa da Silva Melo
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental – LEMTE, Brazil Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ferreira Campos
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental – LEMTE, Brazil Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE, Brazil
| | - Aldo Venuti
- HPV-Unit UOSD Immunology and Tumor Immunotherapy, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Carlos De Freitas
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental – LEMTE, Brazil Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Liu C, Chu X, Sun P, Feng X, Huang W, Liu H, Ma Y. Synergy effects of Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, and cationic peptides to adjuvant HPV E7 epitope vaccine through preventive and therapeutic immunization in a TC-1 grafted mouse model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:931-940. [PMID: 29271696 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1420446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk by pattern recognition receptors may facilitate the maturation of dendritic cells and fine tune the immune response. Thus, the inclusion of ligands agonistic to multiple receptors in a vaccine formula may be an effective strategy to elicit robust antitumor cellular immunity. We tested the adjuvant effects and possible synergy of CpG (CpG oligodeoxynucleotide), Poly I:C (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) and the cationic peptide Cramp (cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide) formulated in a DOTAP (1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane) liposomal HPV E7 epitope vaccine on a TC-1 grafted mouse model. The vaccine formulations were administered both preventively and therapeutically. Based on our results, both CpG and Poly I:C-adjuvanted vaccines abolished tumor development in a preventive trial and significantly suppressed tumor growth in a therapeutic trial. Increased interferon (IFN)-γ expression and potent memory T cells in splenocytes as well as elevated CD8+IFN-γ+ cells in both spleen and tumor tissue indicated an elevated E744-62-specific cellular immune response. Although synergistic effects were detected between CpG and Poly I:C, their adjuvant effects were not enhanced further when combined with Cramp. Because the enhancement of tumor antigen-specific cellular immune responses is vital for the clearance of infected and cancerous cells, our results contribute a potential adjuvant combination for cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunbao Liu
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Xiaojie Chu
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Pengyan Sun
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Xuejun Feng
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Hongxian Liu
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
DNA Vaccine Encoding HPV16 Oncogenes E6 and E7 Induces Potent Cell-mediated and Humoral Immunity Which Protects in Tumor Challenge and Drives E7-expressing Skin Graft Rejection. J Immunother 2018; 40:62-70. [PMID: 28166181 PMCID: PMC5293162 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that a novel DNA vaccine technology of codon optimization and the addition of ubiquitin sequences enhanced immunogenicity of a herpes simplex virus 2 polynucleotide vaccine in mice, and induced cell-mediated immunity when administered in humans at relatively low doses of naked DNA. We here show that a new polynucleotide vaccine using the same technology and encoding a fusion protein of the E6 and E7 oncogenes of high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is immunogenic in mice. This vaccine induces long-lasting humoral and cell-mediated immunity and protects mice from establishment of HPV16-E7-expressing tumors. In addition, it suppresses growth of readily established tumors and shows enhanced efficacy when combined with immune checkpoint blockade targeted at PD-L1. This vaccine also facilitates rejection of HPV16-E7-expressing skin grafts that demonstrate epidermal hyperplasia with characteristics of cervical and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of this vaccine in patients with HPV16 premalignancies are planned.
Collapse
|
127
|
Agarwal M, Trimble C. Cancer Vaccines for HPV Malignancies. Oncoimmunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
128
|
|
129
|
Park S, Yoon H, Bang H, Kim Y, Choi S, Ahn S, Kim J, Lee S, Yang JY, Lee D. Analytical Performance of Sensitivity and Specificity for Rapid Multiplex High Risk Human Papillomavirus Detection Kit: HPV ViroCheck. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2017.49.4.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Optipharm M&D, Inc., Wonju Eco Environmental Technology Center, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyeeun Bang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yeun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seongkyung Choi
- Optipharm M&D, Inc., Wonju Eco Environmental Technology Center, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dongsup Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Hyejeon College, Hongseoung, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Bogani G, Leone Roberti Maggiore U, Signorelli M, Martinelli F, Ditto A, Sabatucci I, Mosca L, Lorusso D, Raspagliesi F. The role of human papillomavirus vaccines in cervical cancer: Prevention and treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 122:92-97. [PMID: 29458794 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease, worldwide. Primary prevention thorough vaccination si able to reduce the burden of HPV-related lesions. Ten years ago the Food and drug Administration (FDA) approved the first vaccine against HPV. In the last decades, growing data on safety and effectiveness have been collected. In the present review we report the current knowledge on vaccine against HPV, highlighting the current value and prospective regarding the widespread diffusion of HPV vaccines. The role of emerging therapeutic vaccines is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bogani
- Gynecologic Oncology, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Mauro Signorelli
- Gynecologic Oncology, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Martinelli
- Gynecologic Oncology, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Ditto
- Gynecologic Oncology, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Sabatucci
- Gynecologic Oncology, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lavinia Mosca
- Gynecologic Oncology, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenica Lorusso
- Gynecologic Oncology, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Xue J, Wang Y, Chen C, Zhu X, Zhu H, Hu Y. Effects of Th17 cells and IL-17 in the progression of cervical carcinogenesis with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. Cancer Med 2017; 7:297-306. [PMID: 29277958 PMCID: PMC5806118 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of Th17 cells and IL‐17 was recently shown in several types of infectious diseases, but their distribution and functions in cervical lesions with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the frequency of Th17 cells in peripheral blood samples obtained from 28 cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients, 26 CIN1 patients, 30 CIN2 patients, 29 CIN3 patients, 25 high‐risk HPV‐infected women with normal cervical cytology, and 30 healthy controls was determined by flow cytometry. Besides, the levels of IL‐17 in peripheral blood samples as well as in supernatant of cervical tissue homogenate were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) simultaneously. We found that during the disease progression of cervical lesions, the proportion of Th17 cells in the total CD4+ cells showed a gradually increased tendency compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, levels of IL‐17 in serum and supernatant of cervical tissue homogenate showed the same tendency as the proportion of Th17 cells (P < 0.05). When compared in pairs, the levels of IL‐17 in supernatant differed significantly among the study groups and the control group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in serum (P > 0.05). In conclusions, the results indicate that Th17 cells and IL‐17 may play a role of immune enhancement in the infection of high‐risk HPV especially in the cervical microenvironment, which contribute to the disease progression of its associated cervical lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JiSen Xue
- The Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - YuLi Wang
- The Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- The Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - XueJie Zhu
- The Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- The Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yan Hu
- The Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Suschak JJ, Williams JA, Schmaljohn CS. Advancements in DNA vaccine vectors, non-mechanical delivery methods, and molecular adjuvants to increase immunogenicity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017. [PMID: 28604157 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A major advantage of DNA vaccination is the ability to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. DNA vaccines are currently used in veterinary medicine, but have not achieved widespread acceptance for use in humans due to their low immunogenicity in early clinical studies. However, recent clinical data have re-established the value of DNA vaccines, particularly in priming high-level antigen-specific antibody responses. Several approaches have been investigated for improving DNA vaccine efficacy, including advancements in DNA vaccine vector design, the inclusion of genetically engineered cytokine adjuvants, and novel non-mechanical delivery methods. These strategies have shown promise, resulting in augmented adaptive immune responses in not only mice, but also in large animal models. Here, we review advancements in each of these areas that show promise for increasing the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Suschak
- a U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | | | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- a U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
In vivo electroporation enhances vaccine-mediated therapeutic control of human papilloma virus-associated tumors by the activation of multifunctional and effector memory CD8 + T cells. Vaccine 2017; 35:7240-7249. [PMID: 29174677 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In vivo electroporation (EP) has reignited the clinical interest on DNA vaccines as immunotherapeutic approaches to control different types of cancer. EP has been associated with increased immune response potency, but its capacity in influencing immunomodulation remains unclear. Here we evaluated the impact of in vivo EP on the induction of cellular immune responses and therapeutic effects of a DNA vaccine targeting human papillomavirus-induced tumors. Our results demonstrate that association of EP with the conventional intramuscular administration route promoted a more efficient activation of multifunctional and effector memory CD8+ T cells with enhanced cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, EP increased tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells and avoided tumor recurrences. Finally, our results demonstrated that EP promotes local migration of antigen presenting cells that enhances with vaccine co-delivery. Altogether the present evidences shed further light on the in vivo electroporation action and its impact on the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines.
Collapse
|
134
|
Pierini S, Perales-Linares R, Uribe-Herranz M, Pol JG, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Facciabene A, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: DNA-based vaccines for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1398878. [PMID: 29209575 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1398878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-based vaccination is a promising approach to cancer immunotherapy. DNA-based vaccines specific for tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are indeed relatively simple to produce, cost-efficient and well tolerated. However, the clinical efficacy of DNA-based vaccines for cancer therapy is considerably limited by central and peripheral tolerance. During the past decade, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development and characterization of novel DNA-based vaccines that would circumvent this obstacle. In this setting, particular attention has been dedicated to the route of administration, expression of modified TAAs, co-expression of immunostimulatory molecules, and co-delivery of immune checkpoint blockers. Here, we review preclinical and clinical progress on DNA-based vaccines for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pierini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renzo Perales-Linares
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mireia Uribe-Herranz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Andrea Facciabene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Li J, Chen S, Ge J, Lu F, Ren S, Zhao Z, Pu X, Chen X, Sun J, Gu Y. A novel therapeutic vaccine composed of a rearranged human papillomavirus type 16 E6/E7 fusion protein and Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand induces CD8 + T cell responses and antitumor effect. Vaccine 2017; 35:6459-6467. [PMID: 29029939 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of cervical cancer is mainly caused by infection with high risk genotypes of human papillomavirus, particularly type 16 (HPV16), which accounts for more than 50% of cervical cancer. The two early viral oncogenes, E6 and E7, are continuously expressed in cervical cancer cells and are necessary to maintain the malignant cellular phenotype, thus providing ideal targets for immunotherapy of cervical cancer. In this study, a novel vaccine strategy was developed based on a rationally shuffled HPV16 E6/E7 fusion protein, the addition of Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt3L) or the N domain of calreticulin (NCRT), and the usage of a CpG adjuvant. Four recombinant proteins were constructed: m16E6E7 (mutant E6/E7 fusion protein), rm16E6E7 (rearranged mutant HPV16 E6/E7 fusion protein), Flt3L-RM16 (Flt3L fused to rm16E6E7), and NCRT-RM16 (NCRT fused to rm16E6E7). Our results suggest that Flt3L-RM16 was the most potent of these proteins in terms of inducing E6- and E7-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Additionally, Flt3L-RM16 significantly induced regression of established E6/E7-expressing TC-1 tumors. Higher doses of Flt3L-RM16 trended toward higher levels of antitumor activity, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. In summary, this study found that Flt3L-RM16 fusion protein is a promising therapeutic vaccine for immunotherapy of HPV16-associated cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Li
- Jiangsu Theravac Bio-pharmaceutical CO., Ltd, Nanjing, China.
| | - Si Chen
- Jiangsu Theravac Bio-pharmaceutical CO., Ltd, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun Ge
- Jiangsu Theravac Bio-pharmaceutical CO., Ltd, Nanjing, China.
| | - Feng Lu
- Jiangsu Theravac Bio-pharmaceutical CO., Ltd, Nanjing, China.
| | - Sulin Ren
- Jiangsu Theravac Bio-pharmaceutical CO., Ltd, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Suzhou Yuankang Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiuying Pu
- Suzhou Yuankang Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Jiangsu Theravac Bio-pharmaceutical CO., Ltd, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Sun
- Jiangsu Theravac Bio-pharmaceutical CO., Ltd, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yueqing Gu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Kim HJ, Kim HJ. Current status and future prospects for human papillomavirus vaccines. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:1050-1063. [PMID: 28875439 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer among women worldwide. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause almost all cervical cancers in low-income countries. Three prophylactic HPV virus-like particle-based vaccines have been licensed to date, and they have all shown high efficacy and reliable safety profiles. However, isolated safety issues have resulted in a reluctance to use these vaccinations. In addition, the high prices of the vaccinations have caused the inequitable distribution of the vaccine: the prices are unaffordable for low-income countries. Meanwhile, great effort has been put into the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines, including protein/peptide-, live vector-, DNA- and cell-based vaccines. These new vaccines have considerable therapeutic potential but limited practical use. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and personalized immunotherapy remain challenges for future study. In this article, the current status of the licensed vaccines, therapeutic HPV vaccines and biosimilars, and new platforms for HPV vaccines, are reviewed, and safety issues related to the licensed vaccines are discussed. In addition, the prospects for HPV vaccines are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Hong-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Shanmugasundaram S, You J. Targeting Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection. Viruses 2017; 9:v9080229. [PMID: 28820433 PMCID: PMC5580486 DOI: 10.3390/v9080229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While the majority of Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are transient and cleared within a couple of years following exposure, 10-20% of infections persist latently, leading to disease progression and, ultimately, various forms of invasive cancer. Despite the clinical efficiency of recently developed multivalent prophylactic HPV vaccines, these preventive measures are not effective against pre-existing infection. Additionally, considering that the burden associated with HPV is greatest in regions with limited access to preventative vaccination, the development of effective therapies targeting persistent infection remains imperative. This review discusses not only the mechanisms underlying persistent HPV infection, but also the promise of immunomodulatory therapeutic vaccines and small-molecular inhibitors, which aim to augment the host immune response against the viral infection as well as obstruct critical viral-host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinidhi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jianxin You
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Cytolytic DNA vaccine encoding lytic perforin augments the maturation of- and antigen presentation by- dendritic cells in a time-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8530. [PMID: 28819257 PMCID: PMC5561019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cost-effective vaccines capable of inducing robust CD8+ T cell immunity will contribute significantly towards the elimination of persistent viral infections and cancers worldwide. We have previously reported that a cytolytic DNA vaccine encoding an immunogen and a truncated mouse perforin (PRF) protein significantly augments anti-viral T cell (including CD8+ T cell) immunity. Thus, the current study investigated whether this vaccine enhances activation of dendritic cells (DCs) resulting in greater priming of CD8+ T cell immunity. In vitro data showed that transfection of HEK293T cells with the cytolytic DNA resulted in the release of lactate dehydrogenase, indicative of necrotic/lytic cell death. In vitro exposure of this lytic cell debris to purified DCs from naïve C57BL/6 mice resulted in maturation of DCs as determined by up-regulation of CD80/CD86. Using activation/proliferation of adoptively transferred OT-I CD8+ T cells to measure antigen presentation by DCs in vivo, it was determined that cytolytic DNA immunisation resulted in a time-dependent increase in the proliferation of OT-I CD8+ T cells compared to canonical DNA immunisation. Overall, the data suggest that the cytolytic DNA vaccine increases the activity of DCs which has important implications for the design of DNA vaccines to improve their translational prospects.
Collapse
|
139
|
Lin PL, Cheng YM, Wu DW, Huang YJ, Lin HC, Chen CY, Lee H. A combination of anti-PD-L1 mAb plus Lm-LLO-E6 vaccine efficiently suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in HPV-infected cancers. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2052-2062. [PMID: 28795532 PMCID: PMC5603833 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunotherapy is viewed as having clinical benefits in advanced cancers but is effective in only a few patients, suggesting that an efficient combination approach is needed to improve efficacy. Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that PD‐L1 expression was correlated with the E6 expression in tumors from 122 lung cancer patients. The poorest survival occurred in PD‐L1‐positive/E6‐positive tumor. PD‐L1 expression was increased by the expression of E6, but not the E7, oncoprotein in lung and cervical cancer cells. PD‐L1 expression was responsible for E6‐mediated colony formation and soft agar growth. Therefore, PD‐L1 secreted from tumor cells may directly promote tumor progression, particularly in E6‐positive tumors. Immune deficiency nude mice were used to test the possibility that combining anti‐PD‐L1 mAb with Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccine could have a higher antitumor activity compared with anti‐PD‐L1 mAb or Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccine alone. A greater antitumor activity was obtained with anti‐PD‐L1 mAb + Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccine than with anti‐PD‐L1 mAb or Lm‐LLO‐E6 alone in subcutaneous and metastatic tumors induced by TL‐1 and SiHa cells. The longest survival time for nude mice was observed in the anti‐PD‐L1 mAb + Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccine group. In conclusion, an anti‐PD‐L1 mAb + Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccine may be an efficient treatment for suppression of tumor growth and metastasis induced by HPV‐infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - De-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Komdeur FL, Prins TM, van de Wall S, Plat A, Wisman GBA, Hollema H, Daemen T, Church DN, de Bruyn M, Nijman HW. CD103+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are tumor-reactive intraepithelial CD8+ T cells associated with prognostic benefit and therapy response in cervical cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1338230. [PMID: 28932636 PMCID: PMC5599086 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1338230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced cervical cancer constitutively expresses viral E6/E7 oncoproteins and is an excellent target for T cell-based immunotherapy. However, not all tumor-infiltrating T cells confer equal benefit to patients, with epithelial T cells being superior to stromal T cells. To assess whether the epithelial T cell biomarker CD103 could specifically discriminate the beneficial antitumor T cells, association of CD103 with clinicopathological variables and outcome was analyzed in the TCGA cervical cancer data set (n = 304) and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in an independent cohort (n = 460). Localization of CD103+ cells in the tumor was assessed by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, use of CD103 as a response biomarker was assessed in an in vivo E6/E7+ tumor model. Our results show that CD103 gene expression was strongly correlated with cytotoxic T cell markers (e.g. CD8/GZMB/PD1) in the TCGA series. In line with this, CD103+ cells in the IHC series co-expressed CD8 and were preferentially located in cervical tumor epithelium. High CD103+ cell infiltration was strongly associated with an improved prognosis in both series, and appeared to be a better predictor of outcome than CD8. Interestingly, the prognostic benefit of CD103 in both series seemed limited to patients receiving radiotherapy. In a preclinical mouse model, HPV E6/E7-targeted therapeutic vaccination in combination with radiotherapy increased the intratumoral number of CD103+ CD8+ T cells, providing a potential mechanistic basis for our results. In conclusion, CD103 is a promising marker for rapid assessment of tumor-reactive T cell infiltration of cervical cancers and a promising response biomarker for E6/E7-targeted immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenne L Komdeur
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Netherlands
| | - Thalina M Prins
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie van de Wall
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, The Netherlands
| | - Annechien Plat
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Netherlands
| | - G Bea A Wisman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Hollema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology, The Netherlands
| | - Toos Daemen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, The Netherlands
| | - David N Church
- University of Oxford, Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco de Bruyn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W Nijman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Spontaneous and Vaccine-Induced Clearance of Mus Musculus Papillomavirus 1 Infection. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00699-17. [PMID: 28515303 PMCID: PMC5512245 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00699-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mus musculus papillomavirus 1 (MmuPV1/MusPV1) induces persistent papillomas in immunodeficient mice but not in common laboratory strains. To facilitate the study of immune control, we sought an outbred and immunocompetent laboratory mouse strain in which persistent papillomas could be established. We found that challenge of SKH1 mice (Crl:SKH1-Hrhr) with MmuPV1 by scarification on their tail resulted in three clinical outcomes: (i) persistent (>2-month) papillomas (∼20%); (ii) transient papillomas that spontaneously regress, typically within 2 months (∼15%); and (iii) no visible papillomas and viral clearance (∼65%). SKH1 mice with persistent papillomas were treated by using a candidate preventive/therapeutic naked-DNA vaccine that expresses human calreticulin (hCRT) fused in frame to MmuPV1 E6 (mE6) and mE7 early proteins and residues 11 to 200 of the late protein L2 (hCRTmE6/mE7/mL2). Three intramuscular DNA vaccinations were delivered biweekly via in vivo electroporation, and both humoral and CD8 T cell responses were mapped and measured. Previously persistent papillomas disappeared within 2 months after the final vaccination. Coincident virologic clearance was confirmed by in situ hybridization and a failure of disease to recur after CD3 T cell depletion. Vaccination induced strong mE6 and mE7 CD8+ T cell responses in all mice, although they were significantly weaker in mice that initially presented with persistent warts than in those that spontaneously cleared their infection. A human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16)-targeted version of the DNA vaccine also induced L2 antibodies and protected mice from vaginal challenge with an HPV16 pseudovirus. Thus, MmuPV1 challenge of SKH1 mice is a promising model of spontaneous and immunotherapy-directed clearances of HPV-related disease.IMPORTANCE High-risk-type human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) cause 5% of all cancer cases worldwide, notably cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancers. Since preventative HPV vaccines have not been widely used in many countries and do not impact existing infections, there is considerable interest in the development of therapeutic vaccines to address existing disease and infections. The strict tropism of HPV requires the use of animal papillomavirus models for therapeutic vaccine development. However, MmuPV1 failed to grow in common laboratory strains of mice with an intact immune system. We show that MmuPV1 challenge of the outbred immunocompetent SKH1 strain produces both transient and persistent papillomas and that vaccination of the mice with a DNA expressing an MmuPV1 E6E7L2 fusion with calreticulin can rapidly clear persistent papillomas. Furthermore, an HPV16-targeted version of the DNA can protect against vaginal challenge with HPV16, suggesting the promise of this approach to both prevent and treat papillomavirus-related disease.
Collapse
|
142
|
Smola S, Trimble C, Stern PL. Human papillomavirus-driven immune deviation: challenge and novel opportunity for immunotherapy. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN VACCINES 2017; 5:69-82. [PMID: 28794879 DOI: 10.1177/2051013617717914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is now recognized that the immune system can be a key component of restraint and control during the neoplastic process. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers of the anogenital tract and oropharynx represent a significant clinical problem but there is a clear opportunity for immune targeting of the viral oncogene expression that drives cancer development. However, high-risk HPV infection of the target epithelium and the expression of the E6/E7 oncogenes can lead to early compromise of the innate immune system (loss of antigen-presenting cells) facilitating viral persistence and increased risk of cancer. In these circumstances, a succession of interacting and self-reinforcing events mediated through modulation of different immune receptors, chemokine and cytokine responses (CCL20; CCL2; CCR2; IL-6; CCR7; IL-12) further promote the generation of an immune suppressive microenvironment [increased levels of Tregs, Th17, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and PD-L1]. The overexpression of E6/E7 expression also compromises the ability to repair cellular DNA, leading to genomic instability, with the acquisition of genetic changes providing for the selection of advantaged cancer cells including additional strategies for immune escape. Therapeutic vaccines targeting the HPV oncogenes have shown some encouraging success in some recent early-phase clinical trials tested in patients with HPV-associated high-grade anogenital lesions. A significant hurdle to success in more advanced disease will be the local and systemic immune suppressive factors. Interventions targeting the different immunosuppressive components can provide opportunity to release existing or generate new and effective antitumour immunity. Treatments that alter the protumour inflammatory environment including toll-like receptor stimulation, inhibition of IL-6-related pathways, immune-checkpoint inhibition, direct modulation of MDSCs, Tregs and macrophages could all be useful in combination with therapeutic HPV vaccination. Future progress in delivering successful immunotherapy will depend on the configuration of treatment protocols in an insightful and timely combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Connie Trimble
- Departments of Gynecology/Obstetrics, Oncology, and Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, USA
| | - Peter L Stern
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Paterson Building, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Suschak JJ, Williams JA, Schmaljohn CS. Advancements in DNA vaccine vectors, non-mechanical delivery methods, and molecular adjuvants to increase immunogenicity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2837-2848. [PMID: 28604157 PMCID: PMC5718814 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1330236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A major advantage of DNA vaccination is the ability to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. DNA vaccines are currently used in veterinary medicine, but have not achieved widespread acceptance for use in humans due to their low immunogenicity in early clinical studies. However, recent clinical data have re-established the value of DNA vaccines, particularly in priming high-level antigen-specific antibody responses. Several approaches have been investigated for improving DNA vaccine efficacy, including advancements in DNA vaccine vector design, the inclusion of genetically engineered cytokine adjuvants, and novel non-mechanical delivery methods. These strategies have shown promise, resulting in augmented adaptive immune responses in not only mice, but also in large animal models. Here, we review advancements in each of these areas that show promise for increasing the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Suschak
- a U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | | | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- a U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Porchia BFMM, Moreno ACR, Ramos RN, Diniz MO, de Andrade LHTM, Rosa DS, Barbuto JAM, Boscardin SB, Ferreira LCS. Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D Targets a Specific Dendritic Cell Subset and Improves the Performance of Vaccines to Human Papillomavirus-Associated Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1922-1933. [PMID: 28522585 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a major public health problem and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women. Virtually all cases of cervical cancer, as well as a growing share of anal and head/neck tumors, are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite the effectiveness, the available prophylactic vaccines do not benefit women with cervical lesions or cancer. Therefore, the search of new immunotherapeutic approaches to treat HPV-induced tumors is still a priority. The present study characterizes a therapeutic antitumor vaccine based on the genetic fusion of the Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) with the E7 oncoprotein from HPV-16 (gDE7). Two subcutaneous doses of gDE7, admixed with poly (I:C), conferred complete and long-lasting therapeutic antitumor protection on mice previously challenged with tumor cells expressing the HPV-16 oncoproteins. The vaccine induced multifunctional E7-specific CD8+ T cells with cytotoxic activity and effector memory phenotype (CD44+ CD62Llow). In addition, gDE7 admixed with poly (I:C) vaccination controlled the expansion of tumor-induced regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. More importantly, gDE7 activated mouse CD11c+ CD8α+ and human BDCA3+ dendritic cells (DC), specialized in antigen cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells, under in vitro conditions. These results indicated that the activation of a specific DC population, mediated by gD, improved the antigen-specific immune responses and the therapeutic performance induced by antitumor vaccines. These results open perspectives for the clinical testing of gDE7-based vaccines under the concept of active immunization as a tool for the therapeutic control of cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1922-33. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna F M M Porchia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina R Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N Ramos
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana O Diniz
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís Helena T M de Andrade
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre M Barbuto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia B Boscardin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos S Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Khan S, Oosterhuis K, Wunderlich K, Bunnik EM, Bhaggoe M, Boedhoe S, Karia S, Steenbergen RDM, Bosch L, Serroyen J, Janssen S, Schuitemaker H, Vellinga J, Scheper G, Zahn R, Custers J. Development of a replication-deficient adenoviral vector-based vaccine candidate for the interception of HPV16- and HPV18-induced infections and disease. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:393-404. [PMID: 28263390 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
High-risk Human papilloma virus (HPV) types are the causative agents of cervical cancer and several other anogenital malignancies. The viral proteins expressed in the (pre)malignant cells are considered ideal targets for immunological intervention. Many approaches have been evaluated for this purpose, mostly aiming at the induction of HPV16 E7- and/or E6-specific cellular immunogenicity. As clinical success has so far been limited, novel approaches are required. We describe the development and pre-clinical testing of a vaccine candidate consisting of replication-deficient adenovirus type 26 and 35 based vectors for the interception of HPV16- and HPV18-related disease. We developed HPV16- and HPV18-specific antigens consisting of fusion proteins of E2, E6 and E7. The vaccine will be suitable for every disease stage, from incident and persistent infections where E2 is predominantly expressed up to late stages where E6 and E7 expression are upregulated. Importantly E6 and E7 are present as reordered fragments to abrogate the transforming activity of these two proteins. Loss of transforming activity was demonstrated in different in vitro models. Robust T-cell immunogenicity was induced upon immunization of mice with the vaccine candidate. Finally, the developed vaccine vectors showed considerable therapeutic efficacy in the TC-1 mouse model. The absence of transforming activity of the antigens and the favorable immunogenicity profile of the adenovirus based vectors along with the fact that these vectors can be readily produced on a large scale makes this approach attractive for clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selina Khan
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Oosterhuis
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Evelien M Bunnik
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Bhaggoe
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Satish Boedhoe
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Santusha Karia
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leontien Bosch
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Serroyen
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Janssen
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jort Vellinga
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Scheper
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jerome Custers
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Development of an intradermal DNA vaccine delivery strategy to achieve single-dose immunity against respiratory syncytial virus. Vaccine 2017; 35:2840-2847. [PMID: 28413132 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a massive medical burden in infants, children and the elderly worldwide, and an effective, safe RSV vaccine remains an unmet need. Here we assess a novel vaccination strategy based on the intradermal delivery of a SynCon® DNA-based vaccine encoding engineered RSV-F antigen using a surface electroporation device (SEP) to target epidermal cells, in clinically relevant experimental models. We demonstrate the ability of this strategy to elicit robust immune responses. Importantly we demonstrate complete resistance to pulmonary infection at a single low dose of vaccine in the cotton rat RSV/A challenge model. In contrast to the formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine, there was no enhanced lung inflammation upon virus challenge after DNA vaccination. In summary the data presented outline the pre-clinical development of a highly efficacious, tolerable and safe non-replicating vaccine delivery strategy.
Collapse
|
147
|
Bartneck M. Immunomodulatory Nanomedicine. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Medicine III; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen; Pauwelsstr. 30 52074 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Hellner K, Dorrell L. Recent advances in understanding and preventing human papillomavirus-related disease. F1000Res 2017; 6:F1000 Faculty Rev-269. [PMID: 28357043 PMCID: PMC5357030 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9701.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) are responsible for anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers, which together account for at least 5% of cancers worldwide. Industrialised nations have benefitted from highly effective screening for the prevention of cervical cancer in recent decades, yet this vital intervention remains inaccessible to millions of women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), who bear the greatest burden of HPV disease. While there is an urgent need to increase investment in basic health infrastructure and rollout of prophylactic vaccination, there are now unprecedented opportunities to exploit recent scientific and technological advances in screening and treatment of pre-invasive hrHPV lesions and to adapt them for delivery at scale in resource-limited settings. In addition, non-surgical approaches to the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and other hrHPV lesions are showing encouraging results in clinical trials of therapeutic vaccines and antiviral agents. Finally, the use of next-generation sequencing to characterise the vaginal microbial environment is beginning to shed light on host factors that may influence the natural history of HPV infections. In this article, we focus on recent advances in these areas and discuss their potential for impact on HPV disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hellner
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy Dorrell
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, The Joint Research Office, Block 60, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Ma W, Melief CJ, van der Burg SH. Control of immune escaped human papilloma virus is regained after therapeutic vaccination. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 23:16-22. [PMID: 28282583 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses infect the basal cells of human epithelia. There it deploys several mechanisms to suppress pathogen receptor recognition signalling, impeding the immune system to control viral infection. Furthermore, infected cells become more resistant to type I and II interferon, tumour necrosis factor-α and CD40 activation, via interference with downstream programs halting viral replication or regulating the proliferation and cell death. Consequently, some infected individuals fail to raise early protein-specific T-cell responses that are strong enough to protect against virus-induced premalignant disease and ultimately cancer. Therapeutic vaccines triggering a strong T-cell response against the early proteins can successfully be used to treat patients at the premalignant stage but combinations of different treatment modalities are required for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Building 1, C7-141, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Building 1, C7-141, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Cervical Carcinogenesis and Immune Response Gene Polymorphisms: A Review. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:8913860. [PMID: 28280748 PMCID: PMC5322437 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8913860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The local immune response is considered a key determinant in cervical carcinogenesis after persistent infection with oncogenic, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Genetic variation in various immune response genes has been shown to influence risk of developing cervical cancer, as well as progression and survival among cervical cancer patients. We reviewed the literature on associations of immunogenetic single nucleotide polymorphism, allele, genotype, and haplotype distributions with risk and progression of cervical cancer. Studies on HLA and KIR gene polymorphisms were excluded due to the abundance on literature on that subject. We show that multiple genes and loci are associated with variation in risk of cervical cancer. Rather than one single gene being responsible for cervical carcinogenesis, we postulate that variations in the different immune response genes lead to subtle differences in the effectiveness of the antiviral and antitumour immune responses, ultimately leading to differences in risk of developing cervical cancer and progressive disease after HPV infection.
Collapse
|