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Luo J, Feng J, Liu C, Yang Z, Zhan D, Wu Y, Pan L, Zhang L. Type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by PD-1 inhibitors in China: a report of two cases. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221121940. [PMID: 36171723 PMCID: PMC9523865 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune-related adverse events associated with immunotherapy may affect endocrine glands and other tissues. Two Chinese patients with malignancies were treated with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and followed up with biochemical tests over 1 year. After PD-1 treatment for 6 to 10 months, the patients developed symptoms of diabetes, ketoacidosis, and insulin secretion failure. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was confirmed by the characteristic fluctuation of blood glucose that was controlled with multiple daily insulin injections. Neither patient’s insulin depletion status was reversed in subsequent years. To decrease the life-threatening complications of diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome and ketoacidosis caused by type 1 diabetes mellitus, it is necessary to monitor the blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels. Islet β-cell autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen genes can provide additional information in select cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Luo
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiagang Feng
- The Second Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of School Health, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongce Yang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Dong Zhan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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102
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Zhai Y, Dong S, Li H, Zhang Y, Shami P, Chen M. Antibody-mediated depletion of programmed death 1-positive (PD-1 +) cells. J Control Release 2022; 349:425-433. [PMID: 35820540 PMCID: PMC10699550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PD-1 immune checkpoint has been intensively investigated in pathogenesis and treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Cells that express PD-1 (PD-1+ cells) draw ever-increasing attention in cancer and autoimmune disease research although the role of PD-1+ cells in the progression and treatments of these diseases remains largely ambiguous. One definite approach to elucidate their roles is to deplete these cells in disease settings and examine how the depletion impacts disease progression and treatments. To execute the depletion, we designed and generated the first depleting antibody (D-αPD-1) that specifically ablates PD-1+ cells. D-αPD-1 has the same variable domains as an anti-mouse PD-1 blocking antibody (RMP1-14). The constant domains of D-αPD-1 were derived from mouse IgG2a heavy and κ-light chain, respectively. D-αPD-1 was verified to bind with mouse PD-1 as well as mouse FcγRIV, an immuno-activating Fc receptor. The cell depletion effect of D-αPD-1 was confirmed in vivo using a PD-1+ cell transferring model. Since transferred PD-1+ cells, EL4 cells, are tumorigenic and EL4 tumors are lethal to host mice, the depleting effect of D-αPD-1 was also manifested by an absolute survival among the antibody-treated mice while groups receiving control treatments had median survival time of merely approximately 30 days. Furthermore, we found that D-αPD-1 leads to elimination of PD-1+ cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediate phagocytosis (ADCP) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) mechanisms. These results, altogether, confirmed the specificity and effectiveness of D-αPD-1. The results also highlighted that D-αPD-1 is a robust tool to study PD-1+ cells in cancer and autoimmune diseases and a potential therapeutic for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shuyun Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Haojia Li
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Paul Shami
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mingnan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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103
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Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175607. [PMID: 36080373 PMCID: PMC9458026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is being developed by researchers as a novel drug for the treatment or prevention of many diseases. However, to enable mRNA to fully exploit its effects in vivo, researchers need to develop safer and more effective mRNA delivery systems that improve mRNA stability and enhance the ability of cells to take up and release mRNA. To date, lipid nanoparticles are promising nanodrug carriers for tumor therapy, which can significantly improve the immunotherapeutic effects of conventional drugs by modulating mRNA delivery, and have attracted widespread interest in the biomedical field. This review focuses on the delivery of mRNA by lipid nanoparticles for cancer treatment. We summarize some common tumor immunotherapy and mRNA delivery strategies, describe the clinical advantages of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery, and provide an outlook on the current challenges and future developments of this technology.
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104
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Bick A, Buys W, Engler A, Madel R, Atia M, Faro F, Westendorf AM, Limmer A, Buer J, Herbstreit F, Kirschning CJ, Peters J. Immune hyporeactivity to bacteria and multiple TLR-ligands, yet no response to checkpoint inhibition in patients just after meeting Sepsis-3 criteria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273247. [PMID: 35981050 PMCID: PMC9387870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale
The immune profile of sepsis patients is incompletely understood and hyperinflammation and hypoinflammation may occur concurrently or sequentially. Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) may counter hypoinflammation but effects are uncertain. We tested the reactivity of septic whole blood to bacteria, Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and to ICI.
Methods
Whole blood assays of 61 patients’ samples within 24h of meeting sepsis-3 criteria and 12 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Measurements included pattern/danger-associated molecular pattern (P/DAMP), cytokine concentrations at baseline and in response to TLR 2, 4, and 7/8 ligands, heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, E.coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), concentration of soluble and cellular immune checkpoint molecules, and cytokine concentrations in response to ICI directed against programmed-death receptor 1 (PD1), PD1-ligand 1, or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, both in the absence and presence of LPS.
Main results
In sepsis, concentrations of P/DAMPs and inflammatory cytokines were increased and the latter increased further upon incubation ex vivo. However, cytokine responses to TLR 2, 4, and 7/8 ligands, heat-inactivated S. aureus or E. coli, and E. coli LPS were all depressed. Depression of the response to LPS was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Despite increased PD-1 expression on monocytes and T-cells, and monocyte CTLA-4 expression, however, addition of corresponding checkpoint inhibitors to assays failed to increase inflammatory cytokine concentrations in the absence and presence of LPS.
Conclusion
Patients first meeting Sepsis-3 criteria reveal 1) depressed responses to multiple TLR-ligands, bacteria, and bacterial LPS, despite concomitant inflammation, but 2) no response to immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bick
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Willem Buys
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Engler
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Mazen Atia
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Astrid M. Westendorf
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Limmer
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Herbstreit
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten J. Kirschning
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Peters
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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105
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Gong Y, Yao Y, Cheng W, Duan C, Li D, Wang Z, Xiang Y. Highly Sensitive Detection of the Immune Checkpoint PD-L1-Positive Circulating Tumor Cells Based on Steric Hindrance. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11767-11772. [PMID: 35972912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1), as one of major immune checkpoints, is highly expressed on cancer cells and participates in the immune escape process of tumor cells. The level of PD-L1 in patients is closely related to the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, and patients with a high level have better response to immunotherapy. Therefore, PD-L1 can be an indicator of patient classification and medication guidance. In this work, we have developed a novel strategy for detecting PD-L1-positive circulating tumor cells based on steric hindrance generated after cell capture, using the primer exchange reaction (PER) amplification method. The principle is to modify a single strand containing the PD-L1 aptamer and the PER primer on the electrode surface. When PD-L1-positive circulating tumor cells exist, the aptamer will capture them. The steric hindrance generated by the captured cells due to their large volume hinders the subsequent approach of PER materials, thus hindering the occurrence of PER signal amplification. The number of HRP bound to the electrode surface is reduced, and the current signal output is inversely proportional to the number of captured cells. This method realizes convenient and sensitive detection of PD-L1-positive tumor cells and provides a new means for clinical judgment of whether patients should adopt immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yanheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chengjie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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106
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Chaberek K, Mrowiec M, Kaczmarek M, Dutsch-Wicherek M. The Creation of the Suppressive Cancer Microenvironment in Patients with HPV-Positive Cervical Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081906. [PMID: 36010256 PMCID: PMC9406692 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of malignancy is closely connected with the process of cancer microenvironment remodeling. As a malignancy develops, it stimulates the creation of the suppressive microenvironment of the tumor through the presence of cells that express membrane proteins. These proteins are secreted into the cancer microenvironment, where they enable tumor growth. In patients with cancer of the cervix, the development of the disease is also linked to high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) infection. Such infections are common, and most clear spontaneously; however, a small percentage of these infections can persist and progress into precancerous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma. Consequently, it is assumed that the presence of hr-HPV infection alone is not sufficient for the development of cancer. However, chronic HPV infection is associated with the induction of the remodeling of the microenvironment of the epithelium. Furthermore, the local microenvironment is recognized as a cofactor that participates in the persistence of the HPV infection and disease progression. This review presents the selected immune evasion mechanisms responsible for the persistence of HPV infection, beginning with the delay in the virus replication process prior to the maturation of keratinocytes, the shift to the suppressive microenvironment by a change in keratinocyte immunomodulating properties, the alteration of the Th1/Th2 polarization of the immune response in the microenvironment, and, finally, the role of HLA-G antigen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chaberek
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (CMKP), 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Mrowiec
- Department of Endoscopic Otorhinolaryngology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (CMKP), 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaczmarek
- Department of Endoscopic Otorhinolaryngology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (CMKP), 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dutsch-Wicherek
- Department of Endoscopic Otorhinolaryngology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (CMKP), 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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107
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Madadi S, Mohammadinejad S, Alizadegan A, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Dolati S, Samadi Kafil H, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Motavalli R, Etemadi J, Eghbal-Fard S, Aghebati-Maleki L, Danaii S, Taghavi S, Yousefi M. Expression level of immune checkpoint inhibitory factors in preeclampsia. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:628-636. [PMID: 35906120 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe complication in pregnancy, and its symptoms (proteinuria and hypertension) manifest after 20 weeks of gestation, affecting up to 8 % of pregnancies. The pregnant women's immune system uses different tolerance mechanisms to deal with a semi-allogeneic fetus. The T-cell subsets including CD8+, CD4+, and Treg play a critical role in maintaining pregnancies. The expression of immune checkpoint molecules in T-cells can ensure pregnancy at the feto-maternal interface by controlling immune responses. This research aims to evaluate the expression level of immune checkpoint factors, including PD-1, LAG-3, CTLA-4, and TIM-3 in normal pregnant women and PE patients. Decidual tissue was collected from 50 participants (25 PE and 25 control). For evaluating the genes expression, real-time PCR was employed. The western blot was used to assess the proteins level. The results of real-time PCR indicated significantly decreased expression level of these immune checkpoints in PE patients. In parallel to gene expression results, the protein level of PD-1, LAG-3, CTLA-4, and TIM-3 in the PE group was also reduced. We revealed that the profile of proteins and genes expression of immune checkpoints in the decidua of PE mothers are different from normal pregnancy and these results indicate aberrant expression of immune checkpoints such as PD-1, LAG-3, CTLA-4, and TIM-3 may cause maladaptation immune response which results in PE manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Madadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Mohammadinejad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Alizadegan
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roza Motavalli
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Etemadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Eghbal-Fard
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Shahla Danaii
- Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Taghavi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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108
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Wang X, Wang K, Yu M, Velluto D, Hong X, Wang B, Chiu A, Melero-Martin JM, Tomei AA, Ma M. Engineered immunomodulatory accessory cells improve experimental allogeneic islet transplantation without immunosuppression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn0071. [PMID: 35867788 PMCID: PMC9307254 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation has been established as a viable treatment modality for type 1 diabetes. However, the side effects of the systemic immunosuppression required for patients often outweigh its benefits. Here, we engineer programmed death ligand-1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin fusion protein-modified mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as accessory cells for islet cotransplantation. The engineered MSCs (eMSCs) improved the outcome of both syngeneic and allogeneic islet transplantation in diabetic mice and resulted in allograft survival for up to 100 days without any systemic immunosuppression. Immunophenotyping revealed reduced infiltration of CD4+ or CD8+ T effector cells and increased infiltration of T regulatory cells within the allografts cotransplanted with eMSCs compared to controls. The results suggest that the eMSCs can induce local immunomodulation and may be applicable in clinical islet transplantation to reduce or minimize the need of systemic immunosuppression and ameliorate its negative impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diana Velluto
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xuechong Hong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alan Chiu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Juan M. Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alice A. Tomei
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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109
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Interaction of Radiotherapy and Hyperthermia with the Immune System: a Brief Current Overview. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review focuses on the opposing effects on the immune system of radiotherapy (RT) and the consequences for combined cancer treatment strategies of RT with immunotherapies, including hyperthermia (HT). How RT and HT might affect cancer stem cell populations is also briefly outlined in this context.
Recent Findings
RT is one of the crucial standard cancer therapies. Most patients with solid tumors receive RT for curative and palliative purposes in the course of their disease. RT achieves a local tumor control by inducing DNA damage which can lead to tumor cell death. In recent years, it has become evident that RT does not only have local effects, but also systemic effects which involves induction of anti-tumor immunity and possible alteration of the immunosuppressive properties of the tumor microenvironment. Though, often RT alone is not able to induce potent anti-tumor immune responses since the effects of RT on the immune system can be both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive.
Summary
RT with additional therapies such as HT and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are promising approaches to induce anti-tumor immunity effectively. HT is not only a potent sensitizer for RT, but it might also improve the efficacy of RT and certain chemotherapeutic agents (CT) by additionally sensitizing resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs).
Graphical abstract
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110
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Ahmad MZ, Alasiri AS, Alasmary MY, Abdullah MM, Ahmad J, Abdel Wahab BA, M Alqahtani SA, Pathak K, Mustafa G, Khan MA, Saikia R, Gogoi U. Emerging advances in nanomedicine for breast cancer immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:957-983. [PMID: 35852105 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Early diagnosis and an appropriate therapeutic approach for all cancers are climacterics for a favorable prognosis. Targeting the immune system in breast cancer is already a clinical reality with notable successes, specifically with checkpoint blockade antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. However, there have been inevitable setbacks in the clinical application of cancer immunotherapy, including inadequate immune responses due to insufficient delivery of immunostimulants to immune cells and uncontrolled immune system modulation. Rapid advancements and new evidence have suggested that nanomedicine-based immunotherapy may be a viable option for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alasiri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Yahia Alasmary
- Medical Department, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Abdullah
- Advanced Materials & Nano-Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science & Arts, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel A Abdel Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Saif Aboud M Alqahtani
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa
- College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadmi Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
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111
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Katakura S, Murakami S. Clinically-meaningful improvements in therapy for unresectable NSCLC. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:927-937. [PMID: 35838638 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ideal management of patients with unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still developing. Unresectable NSCLC has a high mortality rate and poor prognosis, but the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and molecular-targeted therapies has been a breakthrough in the treatment. The correct treatment of this patient population is crucial to maximize the clinical benefits without compromising their quality of life (QOL). AREAS COVERED We review the chemoradiotherapies, cytotoxic chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and molecular-targeted therapies available for unresectable NSCLC, focusing on their effects on overall survival, progression-free survival, and QOL. EXPERT OPINION Although cure is the ultimate goal of cancer treatment, it is often difficult to achieve in advanced NSCLC. Biomarker surveillance techniques, such as next-generation sequencing, have made it possible to provide the most appropriate treatment for each patient. This has led to clinically-meaningful improvements in therapies for unresectable NSCLC. The development of new molecular-targeted therapies and the establishment of treatment for patients who acquired drug resistance after initial treatment have a positive impact on patients' long-term survival. ICIs lead the long-term survival that can be considered a cure of some patients with advanced NSCLC, but such curative survival is difficult to achieve with cytotoxic chemotherapies and molecular-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Katakura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuji Murakami
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
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Yang J, Basu S, Hu L. Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as inhibitors of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint pathway. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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113
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Lama JK, Iijima K, Kobayashi T, Kita H. Blocking the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 prevents allergic immune response and anaphylaxis in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:178-191.e9. [PMID: 35092762 PMCID: PMC9271539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy and acute anaphylaxis can be life-threatening. While T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play a pivotal role in the allergic immune responses, the immunologic mechanisms that regulate the production of antibodies (Abs) that mediate anaphylaxis are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), which is highly expressed on Tfh cells, in allergic immune responses using an animal model of peanut allergy and anaphylaxis. METHODS Naive wild-type mice were exposed to peanut flour intranasally and then challenged with peanut extract to induce systemic anaphylaxis. The roles of PD-1 were examined by blocking Abs and using gene-deficient animals. A hapten model and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis were used to characterize allergen-specific Abs. RESULTS Treatment with anti-PD-1 enhanced development of Tfh cells and germinal center B cells in mice exposed to peanut flour. Nonetheless, anti-PD-1 or its ligand fully protected mice from developing anaphylaxis. Anti-PD-1 treatment or genetic deficiency of PD-1 in CD4+ T cells inhibited production of peanut-specific IgE and increased the levels of IgG. The passive cutaneous anaphylaxis showed that peanut-specific Abs generated in anti-PD-1-treated animals prevented, rather than provoked, anaphylaxis when transferred to naive animals. Anti-PD-1 promoted production of Abs with low affinity for an antigen in the hapten model. CONCLUSION Blockade of the pathway between PD-1 and its ligand is protective against allergic immune responses. The direct interaction between Tfh cells and B cells may play a pivotal role in controlling Ab quality and clinical manifestation of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti K. Lama
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905 and Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259,Immunology Program, Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905 and Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Koji Iijima
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Takao Kobayashi
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905 and Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259,Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
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114
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LAG3 ectodomain structure reveals functional interfaces for ligand and antibody recognition. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1031-1041. [PMID: 35761082 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune checkpoint receptor lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG3) inhibits T cell function upon binding to major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) or fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1). Despite the emergence of LAG3 as a target for next-generation immunotherapies, we have little information describing the molecular structure of the LAG3 protein or how it engages cellular ligands. Here we determined the structures of human and murine LAG3 ectodomains, revealing a dimeric assembly mediated by Ig domain 2. Epitope mapping indicates that a potent LAG3 antagonist antibody blocks interactions with MHC class II and FGL1 by binding to a flexible 'loop 2' region in LAG3 domain 1. We also defined the LAG3-FGL1 interface by mapping mutations onto structures of LAG3 and FGL1 and established that FGL1 cross-linking induces the formation of higher-order LAG3 oligomers. These insights can guide LAG3-based drug development and implicate ligand-mediated LAG3 clustering as a mechanism for disrupting T cell activation.
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115
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Song Q, Nasri U, Nakamura R, Martin PJ, Zeng D. Retention of Donor T Cells in Lymphohematopoietic Tissue and Augmentation of Tissue PD-L1 Protection for Prevention of GVHD While Preserving GVL Activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907673. [PMID: 35677056 PMCID: PMC9168269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (Allo-HCT) is a curative therapy for hematological malignancies (i.e., leukemia and lymphoma) due to the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity mediated by alloreactive T cells that can eliminate residual malignant cells and prevent relapse. However, the same alloreactive T cells can cause a serious side effect, known as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD and GVL occur in distinct organ and tissues, with GVHD occurring in target organs (e.g., the gut, liver, lung, skin, etc.) and GVL in lympho-hematopoietic tissues where hematological cancer cells primarily reside. Currently used immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of GVHD inhibit donor T cell activation and expansion, resulting in a decrease in both GVHD and GVL activity that is associated with cancer relapse. To prevent GVHD, it is important to allow full activation and expansion of alloreactive T cells in the lympho-hematopoietic tissues, as well as prevent donor T cells from migrating into the GVHD target tissues, and tolerize infiltrating T cells via protective mechanisms, such as PD-L1 interacting with PD-1, in the target tissues. In this review, we will summarize major approaches that prevent donor T cell migration into GVHD target tissues and approaches that augment tolerization of the infiltrating T cells in the GVHD target tissues while preserving strong GVL activity in the lympho-hematopoietic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiao Song
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, and Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ubaydah Nasri
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States
| | - Ryotaro Nakamura
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States
| | - Paul J Martin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Defu Zeng
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States
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116
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Challenges in glioblastoma immunotherapy: mechanisms of resistance and therapeutic approaches to overcome them. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:976-987. [DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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117
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Mechanisms underlying immune-related adverse events during checkpoint immunotherapy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:771-785. [PMID: 35621125 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint (IC) proteins are some of the most important factors that tumor cells hijack to escape immune surveillance, and inhibiting ICs to enhance or relieve antitumor immunity has been proven efficient in tumor treatment. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) agents such as antibodies blocking programmed death (PD) 1, PD-1 ligand (PD-L) 1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat several types of cancers. Although ICB agents have shown outstanding clinical success, and their application has continued to expand to additional tumor types in the past decade, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been observed in a wide range of patients who receive ICB treatment. Numerous studies have focused on the clinical manifestations and pathology of ICB-related irAEs, but the detailed mechanisms underlying irAEs remain largely unknown. Owing to the wide expression of IC molecules on distinct immune cell subpopulations and the fact that ICB agents generally affect IC-expressing cells, the influences of ICB agents on immune cells in irAEs need to be determined. Here, we discuss the expression and functions of IC proteins on distinct immune cells and the potential mechanism(s) related to ICB-targeted immune cell subsets in irAEs.
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118
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Tu Z, Peng J, Long X, Li J, Wu L, Huang K, Zhu X. Sperm Autoantigenic Protein 17 Predicts the Prognosis and the Immunotherapy Response of Cancers: A Pan-Cancer Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844736. [PMID: 35592314 PMCID: PMC9110779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sperm autoantigen protein 17 (SPA17) is a highly conserved mammalian protein that participates in the acrosome reaction during fertilization and is a recently reported member of the cancer-testicular antigen (CTA) family. It has been reported that the SPA17 expression is limited in adult somatic tissues and re-expressed in tumor tissues. Recently, studies have found that SPA17 regulates the progression of various cancers, but its role in cancer immunotherapy is not clear. Methods The pan-cancer and normal tissue transcriptional data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) datasets. We explored the SPA17 pan-cancer genomic alteration analysis in the cBioPortal webtool. The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and ComPPI websites were used to mine the SPA17 protein information. We performed a western blotting assay to validate the upregulated SPA17 expression in clinical glioblastoma (GBM) samples. The univariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier method were used to assess the prognostic role of SPA17 in pan-cancer. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to search the associated cancer hallmarks with SPA17 expression in each cancer type. TIMER2.0 was the main platform to investigate the immune cell infiltrations related to SPA17 in pan-cancer. The associations between SPA17 and immunotherapy biomarkers were performed by Spearman correlation analysis. The drug sensitivity information from the Connectivity Map (CMap) dataset was downloaded to perform SAP17-specific inhibitor sensitivity analysis. Findings SPA17 was aberrantly expressed in most cancer types and exhibited prognosis predictive ability in various cancers. In addition, our results also show that SPA17 was significantly correlated with immune-activated hallmarks (including pathways and biological processes), immune cell infiltrations, and immunoregulator expressions. The most exciting finding was that SPA17 could significantly predict anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1 therapy responses in cancer patients. Finally, specific inhibitors, like irinotecan and puromycin, which correlate with SPA17 expression in different cancer types, were also screened using Connectivity Map (CMap). Conclusions Our results reveal that SPA17 was abnormally expressed in cancer tissues, and this expression pattern could be associated with immune cell infiltrations in tumor microenvironments. Clinically, SPA17 not only acted as a potent prognostic factor to predict the clinical outcomes of cancer patients but was also a promising immunotherapy predictive biomarker for cancer patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Health Commission (JXHC) Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Peng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, China
| | - Jingying Li
- Department of Comprehensive Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Health Commission (JXHC) Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Health Commission (JXHC) Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Health Commission (JXHC) Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
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119
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Li N, Li Z, Fu L, Yan M, Wang Y, Yu J, Wu J. PD-1 suppresses the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from dental apical papilla via targeting SHP2/NF-κB axis. Stem Cells 2022; 40:763-777. [PMID: 35589562 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are important for tooth root development and regeneration of root dentin. Here, we examined the expression of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in SCAPs and investigated the effect of PD-1 on odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation and the relationship between PD-1 and SHP2/NF-κB signals. SCAPs were obtained and cultured in the related medium. The proliferation ability was evaluated by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining, western blot, real time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were performed to explore the osteo/odontogenic potential and the involvement of SHP2/NF-κB pathways. Besides, we transplanted SCAPs component into mouse calvaria defects to evaluate osteogenesis in vivo. We found that human SCAPs expressed PD-1 for the first time. PD-1 knockdown enhanced the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs by suppressing SHP2 pathway and activating NF-κB pathway. Overexpression of PD-1 inhibited the osteogenesis and odontogenesis of SCAPs via activation of SHP2 signal and inhibition of NF-κB pathway. PD-1 activated SHP2 signal to block NF-κB signal and then played a vital role in osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zehan Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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120
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Lv S, Song K, Yen A, Peeler DJ, Nguyen DC, Olshefsky A, Sylvestre M, Srinivasan S, Stayton PS, Pun SH. Well-Defined Mannosylated Polymer for Peptide Vaccine Delivery with Enhanced Antitumor Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101651. [PMID: 34706166 PMCID: PMC9043035 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based cancer vaccines offer production and safety advantages but have had limited clinical success due to their intrinsic instability, rapid clearance, and low cellular uptake. Nanoparticle-based delivery vehicles can improve the in vivo stability and cellular uptake of peptide antigens. Here, a well-defined, self-assembling mannosylated polymer is developed for anticancer peptide antigen delivery. The amphiphilic polymer is prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and the peptide antigens are conjugated to the pH-sensitive hydrophobic block through the reversible disulfide linkage for selective release after cell entry. The polymer-peptide conjugates self-assemble into sub-100 nm micelles at physiological pH and dissociate at endosomal pH. The mannosylated micellar corona increases the accumulation of vaccine cargoes in the draining inguinal lymph nodes and facilitates nanoparticle uptake by professional antigen presenting cells. In vivo studies demonstrate that the mannosylated micelle formulation improves dendritic cell activation and enhances antigen-specific T cell responses, resulting in higher antitumor immunity in tumor-bearing mice compared to free peptide antigen. The mannosylated polymer is therefore a simple and promising platform for the delivery of peptide cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixian Lv
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kefan Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Albert Yen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David J Peeler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Dinh Chuong Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Audrey Olshefsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Meilyn Sylvestre
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Selvi Srinivasan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Patrick S Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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121
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Pan X, Gao A, Lin Z. Fluorescence imaging of tumor immune contexture in immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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122
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Rudd CE, Merida I, Hawse W. Editorial: T-Cell Signaling Networks in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:875580. [PMID: 35464446 PMCID: PMC9018991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.875580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Rudd
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Immunology-Oncology, Research Center Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabel Merida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB), Madrid, Spain
| | - William Hawse
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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123
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Anipindi M, Smith RJ, Gilani M. Case Report: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as a Single Agent in the Treatment of Metastatic Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:856944. [PMID: 35463318 PMCID: PMC9019553 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.856944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cervical cancer has decreased in recent years due to widespread vaccination and routine screenings. It can be treated successfully, and the prognosis is also excellent if detected early. However, the 5-year survival rate for patients with stage IV cervical cancer is only 17% even with aggressive systemic chemotherapy. With the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s approval of immunotherapy, the prognosis has improved. We present a patient with stage IV cervical cancer who could not tolerate platinum-based chemotherapy and bevacizumab, so she was started on an immune checkpoint inhibitor, as her tumor was 100% programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) positive. She survived more than 2 years since the diagnosis of stage IV cervical cancer without any significant side effects. Based on our patient’s response, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a single agent needs further research and probably can be considered in patients with stage 4 cervical cancer who cannot tolerate standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Anipindi
- Internal Medicine residency, Einstein Medical Center Montgomery, East Norriton, PA, United States
| | - Ryan J Smith
- Department of Radiology, Einstein Medical Center Montgomery, East Norriton, PA, United States
| | - Madiha Gilani
- Department of Oncology, Einstein Medical Center Montgomery, East Norriton, PA, United States
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Petit PF, Bombart R, Desimpel PH, Naulaerts S, Thouvenel L, Collet JF, Van den Eynde BJ, Zhu J. T-cell mediated targeted delivery of anti-PD-L1 nanobody overcomes poor antibody penetration and improves PD-L1 blocking at the tumor site. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:713-727. [PMID: 35439300 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies blocking immune checkpoints such as PD-L1 have yielded strong clinical benefits in many cancer types. Still, the current limitations are the lack of clinical response in a majority of patients and the development of immune-related adverse events in some. As an alternative to PD-L1-specific antibody injection, we have developed an approach based on the engineering of tumor-targeting T cells to deliver intratumorally an anti-PD-L1 nanobody. In the MC38-OVA model, our strategy enhanced tumor control as compared to injection of PD-L1-specific antibody combined with adoptive transfer of tumor-targeting T cells. As a possible explanation for this, we demonstrated that PD-L1-specific antibody massively occupied PD-L1 in the periphery but failed to penetrate to PD-L1-expressing cells at the tumor site. In sharp contrast, locally delivered anti-PD-L1 nanobody improved PD-L1 blocking at the tumor site while avoiding systemic exposure. Our approach appears promising to overcome the limitations of immunotherapy based on PD-L1-specific antibody treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raphaele Bombart
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurie Thouvenel
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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125
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Kwon H, Schafer JM, Song NJ, Kaneko S, Li A, Xiao T, Ma A, Allen C, Das K, Zhou L, Riesenberg B, Chang Y, Weltge P, Velegraki M, Oh DY, Fong L, Ma Q, Sundi D, Chung D, Li X, Li Z. Androgen conspires with the CD8 + T cell exhaustion program and contributes to sex bias in cancer. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabq2630. [PMID: 35420889 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sex bias exists in the development and progression of non-reproductive organ cancers, but the underlying mechanisms are enigmatic. Studies so far have focused largely on sexual dimorphisms in cancer biology and socioeconomic factors. Here, we establish a role for CD8+ T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity in mediating sex differences in tumor aggressiveness, which is driven by the gonadal androgen but not sex chromosomes. A male bias exists in the frequency of intratumoral antigen-experienced Tcf7/TCF1+ progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells that are devoid of effector activity as a consequence of intrinsic androgen receptor (AR) function. Mechanistically, we identify a novel sex-specific regulon in progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells and a pertinent contribution from AR as a direct transcriptional trans-activator of Tcf7/TCF1. The T cell intrinsic function of AR in promoting CD8+ T cell exhaustion in vivo was established using multiple approaches including loss-of-function studies with CD8-specific Ar knockout mice. Moreover, ablation of the androgen-AR axis rewires the tumor microenvironment to favor effector T cell differentiation and potentiates the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade. Collectively, our findings highlight androgen-mediated promotion of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in cancer and imply broader opportunities for therapeutic development from understanding sex disparities in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Kwon
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Johanna M Schafer
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - No-Joon Song
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anqi Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tong Xiao
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anjun Ma
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Carter Allen
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Komal Das
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brian Riesenberg
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Payton Weltge
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maria Velegraki
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David Y Oh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Debasish Sundi
- Department of Urology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dongjun Chung
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Maruhashi T, Sugiura D, Okazaki IM, Shimizu K, Maeda TK, Ikubo J, Yoshikawa H, Maenaka K, Ishimaru N, Kosako H, Takemoto T, Okazaki T. Binding of LAG-3 to stable peptide-MHC class II limits T cell function and suppresses autoimmunity and anti-cancer immunity. Immunity 2022; 55:912-924.e8. [PMID: 35413245 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a potent inhibitory co-receptor; yet, its functional ligand remains elusive, with distinct potential ligands identified. Here, we investigated the relative contribution of potential ligands, stable peptide-MHC class II complexes (pMHCII) and fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1), to LAG-3 activity in vitro and in vivo. Binding of LAG-3 to stable pMHCII but not to FGL1 induced T cell suppression in vitro. Consistently, LAG-3 mutants lacking FGL1-binding capacity but not those lacking stable pMHCII-binding capacity retained suppressive activity in vitro. Accordingly, targeted disruption of stable pMHCII- but not FGL1-binding capacity of LAG-3 in NOD mice recapitulated diabetes exacerbation by LAG-3 deficiency. Additionally, the loss of stable pMHCII-binding capacity of LAG-3 augmented anti-cancer immunity comparably with LAG-3 deficiency in C57BL/6 mice. These results identify stable pMHCII as a functional ligand of LAG-3 both in autoimmunity and anti-cancer immunity. Thus, stable pMHCII-LAG-3 interaction is a potential therapeutic target in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Maruhashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Il-Mi Okazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Division of Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Takeo K Maeda
- Division of Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jun Ikubo
- Division of Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Harunori Yoshikawa
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takemoto
- Laboratory of Embryology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Taku Okazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Division of Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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Ren C, Li J, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Wang Q. Typical tumor immune microenvironment status determine prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2022; 18:101367. [PMID: 35176624 PMCID: PMC8851380 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells infiltration level in lung adenocarcinoma immune microenvironment were quantified and compared. Three distinct tumor immune microenvironment subtypes were consistent with cancer immunity cycle in cancer dynamic development. Immune infiltration status of three subtypes were correlated with significant mutated genes, copy number variation and cancer stemness Prognostic biomarker lung adenocarcinoma immune microenvironment score model was constructed to assess immune infiltration status, evaluate immunotherapy response, and predict patient prognosis.
Background Immune cells, vital components of tumor microenvironment, regulate tumor survival and progression. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the tumor with the highest mortality rate worldwide, reconstitutes tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to avoid immune destruction. Data have shown that TIME influences LUAD prognosis and predicts immunotherapeutic efficacy. The related information about the role of TIME's characteristics in LUAD is limited. Methods We performed unsupervised consensus clustering via machine-learning techniques to identify TIME clusters among 1906 patients and gathered survival data. The characteristics of TIME clusters of LUAD were visualized by multi-omics analysis, pseudo-time dynamic analysis, and enrichment analysis. TIME score model was constructed by principal component analysis. Comprehensive analysis and validation were conducted to test the prognostic efficacy and immunotherapeutic response of TIME score. Results TIME clusters (A, B and C) were constructed and exhibited different immune infiltration states. Multi-omics analyses included significant mutated genes (SMG), copy number variation (CNV) and cancer stemness that were significantly different among the three clusters. TIME cluster A had a lower SMG, lower CNV, and lower stemness but a higher immune infiltration level compared to TIME clusters B and C. TIME score showed that patients in low TIME score group had higher overall survival rates, higher immune infiltration level and high expression of immune checkpoints. In validation cohorts, low TIME score subgroup had better drug sensitivity and favorable immunotherapeutic response. Conclusion We constructed a stable model of LUAD immune microenvironment characteristics that may improve the prognostic accuracy of patients, provide improved explanations of LUAD responses to immunotherapy, and provide new strategies for LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Breast Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Lung Cancer,The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610051, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoints (ICs) and the development of specific blockers to relieve immune effector cells from this inhibiting mechanism has changed the view of anti-cancer therapy. In addition to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), classical ICs of T lymphocytes and recently described also on a fraction of natural killer (NK) cells, several NK cell receptors, including killer immunoglobulin-like inhibitory receptors (KIRs) and NGK2A, have been recognized as checkpoint members typical of the NK cell population. This offers the opportunity of a dual-checkpoint inhibition approach, targeting classical and non-classical ICs and leading to a synergistic therapeutic effect. In this review, we will overview and discuss this new perspective, focusing on the most relevant candidates for this role among the variety of potential NK ICs. Beside listing and defining classical ICs expressed also by NK cells, or non-classical ICs either on T or on NK cells, we will address their role in NK cell survival, chronic stimulation or functional exhaustion, and the potential relevance of this phenomenon on anti-tumor immune response. Furthermore, NK ICs will be proposed as possible new targets for the development of efficient combined immunotherapy, not forgetting the relevant concerns that may be raised on NK IC blockade. Finally, the impact of epigenetic drugs in such a complex therapeutic picture will be briefly addressed.
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129
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Hayashi H, Sugawara S, Fukuda Y, Fujimoto D, Miura S, Ota K, Ozawa Y, Hara S, Tanizaki J, Azuma K, Omori S, Tachihara M, Nishino K, Bessho A, Chiba Y, Haratani K, Sakai K, Nishio K, Yamamoto N, Nakagawa K. A Randomized Phase II Study Comparing Nivolumab with Carboplatin-Pemetrexed for EGFR-Mutated NSCLC with Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (WJOG8515L). Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:893-902. [PMID: 34921023 PMCID: PMC9397372 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the efficacy of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade is generally poor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may improve the tumor immune microenvironment. We performed a randomized study to assess whether nivolumab improves outcome compared with chemotherapy in such patients previously treated with EGFR-TKIs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who acquired EGFR-TKI resistance not due to a secondary T790M mutation of EGFR were randomized 1:1 to nivolumab (n = 52) or carboplatin-pemetrexed (n = 50). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Median PFS and 1-year PFS probability were 1.7 months and 9.6% for nivolumab versus 5.6 months and 14.0% for carboplatin-pemetrexed [log-rank P < 001; hazard ratio (HR) of 1.92, with a 60% confidence interval (CI) of 1.61-2.29]. Overall survival was 20.7 and 19.9 months [HR, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.53-1.47)], and response rate was 9.6% and 36.0% for nivolumab and carboplatin-pemetrexed, respectively. No subgroup including patients with a high tumor mutation burden showed a substantially longer PFS with nivolumab than with carboplatin-pemetrexed. The T-cell-inflamed gene expression profile score (0.11 vs. -0.17, P = 0.036) and expression of genes related to cytotoxic T lymphocytes or their recruitment were higher in tumors that showed a benefit from nivolumab. CONCLUSIONS Nivolumab did not confer a longer PFS compared with carboplatin-pemetrexed in the study patients. Gene expression profiling identified some cases with a favorable tumor immune microenvironment that was associated with nivolumab efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan.,Corresponding Author: Hidetoshi Hayashi, Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka 589-8511, Japan. Phone: 817-2366-0221; Fax: 817-2360–5000; E-mail:
| | - Shunichi Sugawara
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daichi Fujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ota
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ozawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Itami City Hospital, Itami, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Junko Tanizaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kishiwada City Hospital, Kishiwada, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Azuma
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shota Omori
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Motoko Tachihara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Bessho
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- Clinical Research Center, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Haratani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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Sato T, Takagi K, Higuchi M, Abe H, Kojimahara M, Sagawa M, Tanaki M, Miki Y, Suzuki T, Hojo H. Immunolocalization of CD80 and CD86 in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: CD80 as a Potent Prognostic Factor. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2022; 55:25-35. [PMID: 35444349 PMCID: PMC8913274 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.21-00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that tumor cells express programed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) to escape T lymphocytes that express programed cell protein 1 (PD-1), and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have been regarded in lung cancer patients. CD80 and CD86 are members of B7 superfamily which regulates T lymphocyte activation and tolerance. However, immunolocalization of CD80 and CD86 has not been examined in the lung carcinoma tissues and their clinical significance remains unknown. Therefore, to clarify clinical significance of CD80 and CD86, we immunolocalized these in 75 non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) in this study. Immunoreactivities of CD80 and CD86 were mainly detected in tumor-infiltrating macrophages. Immunohistochemical CD80 status was high in 56% of NSCLC, and it was positively associated with stage, pathological T factor, distant metastasis, histological type and PD-L1 status. Moreover, multivariate analysis turned out that the CD80 status was an independent worse prognostic factor. CD86 status was high in 53% of the cases, but it was not significantly associated with any clinicopathological parameters. These findings suggest that CD80 is a potent worse prognostic factor possibly in association with escape from immune attack in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mitsunori Higuchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Hiroko Abe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Michie Kojimahara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Miho Sagawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Megumi Tanaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Disaster Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Hojo
- Department of Pathology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University
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Zhang Y, Zhu S, Du Y, Xu F, Sun W, Xu Z, Wang X, Qian P, Zhang Q, Feng J, Xu Y. RelB upregulates PD-L1 and exacerbates prostate cancer immune evasion. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:66. [PMID: 35177112 PMCID: PMC8851785 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The interaction between programmed death receptor (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) is essential for suppressing activated T-lymphocytes. However, the precise mechanisms underlying PD-L1 overexpression in tumours have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we describe that RelB participates in the immune evasion of prostate cancer (PCa) via cis/trans transcriptional upregulation of PD-L1.
Methods
Based on transcriptome results, RelB was manipulated in multiple human and murine PCa cell lines. Activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were cocultured with PCa cells with different levels of RelB to examine the effect of tumourous RelB on T cell immunity. Male mice were injected with murine PCa cells to validate the effect of RelB on the PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immune checkpoint using both tumour growth and metastatic experimental models.
Results
PD-L1 is uniquely expressed at a high level in PCa with high constitutive RelB and correlates with the patients’ Gleason scores. Indeed, a high level of PD-L1 is associated with RelB nuclear translocation in AR-negative aggressive PCa cells. Conversely, the silencing of RelB in advanced PCa cells resulted in reduced PD-L1 expression and enhanced susceptibility of PCa cells to the T cell immune response in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, a proximal NF-κB enhancer element was identified in the core promoter region of the human CD274 gene, which is responsible for RelB-mediated PD-L1 transcriptional activation. This finding provides an informative insight into immune checkpoint blockade by administering RelB within the tumour microenvironment.
Conclusion
This study deciphers the molecular mechanism by which tumourous RelB contributes to immune evasion by inhibiting T cell immunity via the amplification of the PD-L1/PD-1-mediated immune checkpoint. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02243-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shuyi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peipei Qian
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Sugiura D, Okazaki IM, Maeda TK, Maruhashi T, Shimizu K, Arakaki R, Takemoto T, Ishimaru N, Okazaki T. PD-1 agonism by anti-CD80 inhibits T cell activation and alleviates autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:399-410. [PMID: 35145298 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeted blockade of the checkpoint molecule programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) can activate tumor-specific T cells to destroy tumors, whereas targeted potentiation of PD-1 is expected to suppress autoreactive T cells and alleviate autoimmune diseases. However, the development of methods to potentiate PD-1 remains challenging. Here we succeeded in eliciting PD-1 function by targeting the cis-PD-L1-CD80 duplex, formed by binding of CD80 to the PD-1 ligand PD-L1, that attenuates PD-L1-PD-1 binding and abrogates PD-1 function. By generating anti-CD80 antibodies that detach CD80 from the cis-PD-L1-CD80 duplex and enable PD-L1 to engage PD-1 in the presence of CD80, we demonstrate that the targeted dissociation of cis-PD-L1-CD80 duplex elicits PD-1 function in the condition where PD-1 function is otherwise restricted. We demonstrate using murine models that the removal of PD-1 restriction is effective in alleviating autoimmune disease symptoms. Our findings establish a method to potentiate PD-1 function and propose the removal of restraining mechanisms as an efficient strategy to potentiate the function of inhibitory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Il-Mi Okazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeo K Maeda
- Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takumi Maruhashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takemoto
- Laboratory for Embryology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Taku Okazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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Huang S, Li T, Chen Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Yang C, Wang C, Ju S, Bai Y, Yao W, Xiong B. Microwave ablation combined with anti-PD-1 therapy enhances systemic antitumor immunity in a multitumor murine model of Hepa1-6. Int J Hyperthermia 2022; 39:278-286. [PMID: 35129044 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2022.2032406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Songjiang Huang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongqiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingliang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Chongtu Yang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuguang Ju
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaowei Bai
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
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Chou YT, Bivona TG. Inhibition of SHP2 as an approach to block RAS-driven cancers. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 153:205-236. [PMID: 35101231 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (encoded by PTPN11) is a critical component of RAS/MAPK signaling by acting upstream of RAS to promote oncogenic signaling and tumor growth. Over three decades, SHP2 was considered "undruggable" because enzymatic active-site inhibitors generally showed off-target inhibition of other proteins and low membrane permeability. More recently, allosteric SHP2 inhibitors with striking inhibitory potency have been developed. These small molecules effectively block the signal transduction between receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and RAS/MAPK signaling and show efficacy in preclinical cancer models. Moreover, clinical evaluation of these allosteric SHP2 inhibitors is ongoing. RAS proteins which harbor transforming properties by gain-of-function mutations are present in various cancer types. While inhibitors of KRASG12C show early clinical promise, resistance remains a challenge and other forms of oncogenic RAS remain to be selectively inhibited. Here, we summarize the role of SHP2 in RAS-driven cancers and the therapeutic potential of allosteric SHP2 inhibitors as a strategy to block RAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and The Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and The Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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Walsh CS, Leath CA, Mayadev J, Randall LM, Urban R. Cervical cancer – times… they are a changing A report from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology Journal Club. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2022; 40:100949. [PMID: 35359489 PMCID: PMC8961167 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2022.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2021, the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Clinical Practice and Education Committees launched a “Journal Club” webinar series to invite national experts to discuss literature pertaining to common clinical scenarios encountered by the members of SGO. On December 13, 2021, SGO hosted its third journal club focused on the use of immunotherapy in cervical cancer. Charles A. Leath, III from the O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer at the University of Alabama and Leslie M. Randall from Massey Cancer Center at Virginia Commonwealth University discussed the recently published KEYNOTE-826 trial (Colombo et al., 2021) and Jyoti Mayadev from the University of California, San Diego Moores Cancer Center discussed GOG-9929 (Mayadev et al., 2020). Renata Urban from the University of Washington and Christine S. Walsh from the University of Colorado served as moderators. The following is a report of the journal club presentation.
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Zheng J, Zhou Z, Qiu Y, Wang M, Yu H, Wu Z, Wang X, Jiang X. A Pyroptosis-Related Gene Prognostic Index Correlated with Survival and Immune Microenvironment in Glioma. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:17-32. [PMID: 35018108 PMCID: PMC8742621 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s341774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, pyroptosis has been well established to be associated with tumorigenesis and tumor immune microenvironment. In this paper, we aimed at the construction of a pyroptosis-related gene prognostic index (PRGPI) for predicting prognosis and guiding individualized immunotherapy in glioma patients. Patients and Methods Pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) were identified based on a detailed review of published literatures. The transcriptome data and clinical information of glioma patients were obtained from CGGA and TCGA databases. PRGPI was constructed by using the multivariate Cox regression method. The immune cell infiltration level was analyzed via CIBERSORT algorithm. The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm was applied to evaluate the potential response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. The expression patterns of PRGs in PRGPI were validated in cell lines and pathological specimens. Results We identified a total of 31 PRGs. Among them, PRGs (CASP3, DPP9, MAPK8, PELP1 and TOMM20) were selected for the construction of PRGPI. In both training (CGGA693) and validation (CGGA325 and TCGA) cohorts, PRGPI-high patients showed an inferior survival outcome compared with PRGPI-low patients. ROC curves illustrated that the prognostic prediction power of PRGPI was robust. A nomogram was developed based on independent prognostic indicators (PRGPI, age and WHO grade), and also exhibited a strong forecasting ability for overall survival (OS). Additionally, PRGPI-high patients exhibited higher immune, stroma and ESTIMATE scores, lower tumor purity, higher infiltration of M2-type macrophages, lower infiltration of CD8+ T cells and activated NK cells, higher tumor mutation burden (TMB), and higher expression of immune checkpoints. TIDE showed that PRGPI-high group had more responders of ICI therapy than PRGPI-low group. Finally, the expression patterns of five selected PRGs in PRGPI were significantly different between normal and glioma. Conclusion The constructed PRGPI can be used for predicting prognosis and guiding individualized immunotherapy in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Safety and activity of pembrolizumab in combination with rituximab in relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. Blood Adv 2022; 6:1143-1151. [PMID: 35015819 PMCID: PMC8864656 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy with pembrolizumab and rituximab was well tolerated in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma. In this single-arm, phase 2 study, the overall response rate was 67%, with 50% complete response and median PFS of 12.6 months.
PD-1 blockade enhances the function of antitumor T cells and antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of NK cells. In a single-center, open-label, phase 2 trial, we tested the combination of pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, and rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that induces ADCC, in 30 patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) with rituximab-sensitive disease who had relapsed after ≥1 prior therapy. Pembrolizumab was administered at 200 mg IV every 3 weeks for up to 16 cycles, and rituximab was given at 375 mg/m2 IV weekly for 4 weeks in cycle 1 only. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) were liver enzyme abnormalities (3%), diarrhea (3%), nausea (3%), aseptic meningitis (3%), and pancreatitis (3%). Low-grade immune-related AEs were reported in 80% of patients, including diarrhea (43%), liver enzyme abnormalities (33%), thyroid dysfunction (27%), and rash (23%). Grade 3 or 4 immune-related AEs occurred in 13% of the patients. Treatment-related AEs led to discontinuation in 6 (20%) patients. The overall response rate (primary end point) was 67%, and the complete response (CR) rate was 50%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.6 months (95% confidence interval, 8.2-27.6), the 3-year overall survival rate was 97%, and 23% of patients were in remission at a median follow-up of 35 months. The presence of a high CD8+ T-effector score at baseline in the tumor was associated with induction of a CR and improved PFS. In this single-arm, phase 2 study, the combination of pembrolizumab and rituximab demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety profile in relapsed FL. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02446457.
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In vitro characterization of a small molecule PD-1 inhibitor that targets the PD-l/PD-L1 interaction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:303. [PMID: 34996924 PMCID: PMC8741796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represents a crucial breakthrough in anticancer therapy, but mAbs are limited by their poor oral bioavailability, adverse events in multiple organ systems, and primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance, amongst other issues. More recently, the advent of small molecule inhibitors that target the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have shown promising cellular inhibitory activity and the potential to counteract the disadvantages of mAbs. In this study, structure-based virtual screening identified small molecule inhibitors that effectively inhibited the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Six of those small molecule inhibitors were applied to cell-based experiments targeting PD-1: CH-1, CH-2, CH-3, CH-4, CH-5, and CH-6. Of all 6, CH-4 displayed the lowest cytotoxicity and strongest inhibitory activity towards the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. The experiments revealed that CH-4 inhibited the interaction of soluble form PD-L1 (sPD-L1) with PD-1 surface protein expressed by KG-1 cells. Investigations into CH-4 analogs revealed that CH-4.7 effectively blocked the PD-1/sPD-L1 interaction, but sustained the secretion of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ by Jurkat cells. Our experiments revealed a novel small molecule inhibitor that blocks the interaction of PD-1/sPD-L1 and potentially offers an alternative PD-1 target for immune checkpoint therapy.
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Chakravorty S, Afzali B, Kazemian M. EBV-associated diseases: Current therapeutics and emerging technologies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059133. [PMID: 36389670 PMCID: PMC9647127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
EBV is a prevalent virus, infecting >90% of the world's population. This is an oncogenic virus that causes ~200,000 cancer-related deaths annually. It is, in addition, a significant contributor to the burden of autoimmune diseases. Thus, EBV represents a significant public health burden. Upon infection, EBV remains dormant in host cells for long periods of time. However, the presence or episodic reactivation of the virus increases the risk of transforming healthy cells to malignant cells that routinely escape host immune surveillance or of producing pathogenic autoantibodies. Cancers caused by EBV display distinct molecular behaviors compared to those of the same tissue type that are not caused by EBV, presenting opportunities for targeted treatments. Despite some encouraging results from exploration of vaccines, antiviral agents and immune- and cell-based treatments, the efficacy and safety of most therapeutics remain unclear. Here, we provide an up-to-date review focusing on underlying immune and environmental mechanisms, current therapeutics and vaccines, animal models and emerging technologies to study EBV-associated diseases that may help provide insights for the development of novel effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Chakravorty
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, United States
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Qin C, Wang J, Du Y, Xu T. Immunosuppressive environment in response to androgen deprivation treatment in prostate cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1055826. [PMID: 36506053 PMCID: PMC9729332 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1055826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE To invest the role of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on the tumor immune microenvironment of prostate cancer. METHODS Here we have profiled the transcriptomes of 19,227 single cells from 4 prostate tumors, including two cases who received ADT. To validated the single-cell analysis we use another group of patients receiving neoadjuvant ADT. RESULTS After receiving ADT treatment, the killing effect of prostate cancer immune cells on tumors is weakened, the interaction between immune cells and tumor cells is weakened, and the proportion of immunosuppressive cells Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) and Regulatory T cells (Treg) cells increases. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that ADT induces immunosuppressive in the prostate tumor microenvironment. These data have important implications for combining ADT with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caipeng Qin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Urologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yiqing Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yiqing Du, ; Tao Xu,
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yiqing Du, ; Tao Xu,
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Wang Y, Yi J, Liu X. Roles of Dclk1 in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer: A review. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:13-19. [PMID: 34937474 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with significantly increased incidence and poor prognosis. Its extremely poor prognosis is generally attributed to its early invasion and metastasis as well as the presence of chemotherapy resistance, which may be related to the potential role of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1) has been recognized to be a marker of CSCs in PC, showing intimate association with its occurrence, metastasis, and poor prognosis. AREAS COVERED A review serves to provide a comprehensive overview of Dclk1 in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in PC. EXPERT OPINION Searching for potential key biomarkers for PC has been an urgent issue to be addressed. The expression of Dclk1 is increasing in PC, and its effect is linked to the mutant Kras, supporting that it may be a potential new target. Therefore, it highlights Dclk1 as a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target in future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Deng Z, Huang K, Liu D, Luo N, Liu T, Han L, Du D, Lian D, Zhong Z, Peng J. Key Candidate Prognostic Biomarkers Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:1607-1622. [PMID: 34956967 PMCID: PMC8694277 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s337067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common subtype of primary liver cancer, which causes ~800,000 deaths annually world-wide. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has reformed cancer therapy and achieved unprecedented results in various malignancies, including HCC. However, the response rate of immunotherapy is very low in HCC. Considereing the complicated and unique immune status in liver, we hypothesize that critical molecules will affect prognosis and correlate with immune context in the tumor microenvironment of HCC. Methods Using Kaplan–Meier plotter, GEPIA2 and Integrative Molecular Database of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCCDB), survival genes and their prognostic value were estimated in HCC. Based on Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), association between survival genes and immune infiltration was examined in HCC. FunRich and STRING were used to analyze gene ontology and protein–protein interaction (PPI) Network, qRT-PCR was used to measure mRNA level of candidates; and a Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to measure proliferation of HCC cell line. Results Using multiple databases, we identified 36 key prognostic genes highly expressed in HCC and associated with poor survival of patients. Meanwhile, the 36 gene signatures correlated with immune infiltration in HCC. Moreover, these genes were significantly associated with exhausted T cells and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) in HCC. Among the 36 key genes, SKA3, SGOL2, SPINDOC, TEDC2, TMCO3 and NUP205 were highly expressed in tumor samples compared with adjacent normal tissues in our HCC cohort (n=22). Additionally, proliferation of SMMC7721 cell line was inhibited when it interfered with SiRNA of each gene. Conclusion The 36 genes may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and molecular targets to ameliorate tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in HCC and therefore represent a novel avenue for individualized immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghua Deng
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China.,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Kanghua Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Luo
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China.,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Han
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexiao Du
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Lian
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China.,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jirun Peng
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China.,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
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Suto H, Funakoshi Y, Nagatani Y, Imamura Y, Toyoda M, Kiyota N, Matsumoto H, Tanaka S, Takai R, Hasegawa H, Yamashita K, Matsuda T, Kakeji Y, Minami H. Microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer patient-derived xenograft models for cancer immunity research. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1358-1369. [PMID: 34916366 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1092_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Context There is an increasing demand for appropriate preclinical mice models for evaluating the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Aims Therefore, we established a humanized patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model using microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Subjects and Methods The CRC tissues of patients scheduled for surgery were tested for MSI status, and CRC tumors were transplanted into NOD/LtSz-scid/IL-2Rg-/-(NSG) mice to establish MSI-H PDX models. PDX tumors were compared to the original patient tumors in terms of histological and genetic characteristics. To humanize the immune system of MSI-H PDX models, patient PBMCs were injected through the tail vein. Results PDX models were established from two patients with MSI-H CRC; one patient had a germline mutation in MLH1 (c.1990-2A > G), and the other patient had MLH1 promoter hypermethylation. PDX with the germline mutation was histologically similar to the patient tumor, and retained the genetic characteristics, including MSI-H, deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), and MLH1 mutation. In contrast, the histological features of the other PDX from a tumor with MLH1 promoter hypermethylation were clearly different from those of the original tumor, and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation and MSI-H/dMMR were lost in the PDX. When T cells from the same patient with MLH1 mutation were injected into the PDX through the tail vein, they were detected in the PDX tumor. Conclusions The MSI-H tumor with an MMR mutation is suitable for MSI-H PDX model generation. The PBMC humanized MSI-H PDX has the potential to be used as an efficient model for cancer immunotherapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Suto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yohei Funakoshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nagatani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Imamura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masanori Toyoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naomi Kiyota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine; Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinwa Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryo Takai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeru Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine; Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Wang PH, Wu MF, Hsu CY, Pan SW, Shu CC, Cheng SL. The Trend of TIM3 Expression on T Cells in Patients With Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: From Immune Cell Dysfunction to Clinical Severity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738056. [PMID: 34867961 PMCID: PMC8636047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) is increasing worldwide. Immune exhaustion has been reported in NTM-LD, but T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), a co-inhibitory receptor on T cells, has been scarcely studied. Methods Patients with NTM-LD and healthy controls were prospectively recruited from July 2014 to August 2019 at three tertiary referral centers in Taiwan. We examined TIM3 expression on the T cells from the participants using flow cytometry. TIM3 expression was analyzed for different disease statuses and after treatment. The apoptosis and cytokine profiles were analyzed according to the TIM3 expression. Results Among enrolled subjects (47 patients and 46 controls), TIM3 on CD4+ cells (6.44% vs. 4.12%, p = 0.028) and CD8+ cells (18.47% vs. 9.13%, p = 0.003) were higher in NTM-LD patients than in the controls. The TIM3 level on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was positively associated with T-cell apoptosis in the NTM-LD patients. In stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells using PMA plus ionomycin, a high TIM3 level on T cells correlated with low interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on CD4+ cells and interferon-gamma and TNF-α on CD8+ T cells. For clinical manifestation, low body mass index (BMI), positive sputum acid-fast smear, and high radiographic score correlated with high TIM3 expression on T cells. After NTM treatment, TIM3+ decreased significantly on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Conclusions In patients with NTM-LD, TIM3+ expression increased over CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and correlated with cell apoptosis and specific cytokine attenuation. Clinically, TIM3+ T cells increased in patients with low BMI, high disease extent, and high bacilli burden but decreased after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Huai Wang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Statistical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Hsu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Pan
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Shu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lung Cheng
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Scotto G, Borella F, Turinetto M, Tuninetti V, Valsecchi AA, Giannone G, Cosma S, Benedetto C, Valabrega G. Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Involvement from Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:3408. [PMID: 34943916 PMCID: PMC8699445 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death among women affected by gynaecological malignancies. Most patients show advanced disease at diagnosis (FIGO stage III-IV) and, despite the introduction of new therapeutic options, most women experience relapses. In most cases, recurrence is abdominal-pelvic; however, EOC can occasionally metastasize to distant organs, including the central nervous system. The incidence of brain metastases (BMs) from EOC is low, but it has grown over time; currently, there are no follow-up strategies available. In the last decade, a few biomarkers able to predict the risk of developing BMs from OC or as potential therapeutic targets have been investigated by several authors; to date, none have entered clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to offer a summary on the role of the most relevant predictors of central nervous system (CNS) involvement (hormone receptors; BRCA; MRD1; PD-1/PD-L1) and to highlight possible therapeutic strategies for the management of metastatic brain disease in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Scotto
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Borella
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Margherita Turinetto
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Valentina Tuninetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Anna A. Valsecchi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gaia Giannone
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Stefano Cosma
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
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146
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Mi Y, Han J, Zhu J, Jin T. Role of the PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Recent Insights and Future Directions. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6249-6271. [PMID: 34480337 PMCID: PMC8639577 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmunity-related chronic demyelination disease of the central nervous system (CNS), causing young disability. Currently, highly specific immunotherapies for MS are still lacking. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an immunosuppressive co-stimulatory molecule, which is expressed on activated T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and other immune cells. PD-L1, the ligand of PD-1, is expressed on T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. PD-1/PD-L1 delivers negative regulatory signals to immune cells, maintaining immune tolerance and inhibiting autoimmunity. This review comprehensively summarizes current insights into the role of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling in MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The potentiality of PD-1/PD-L1 as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for MS will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mi
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021 China
- Present Address: Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021 China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021 China
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147
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Iwai T, Sugimoto M, Patel H, Yorozu K, Kurasawa M, Kondoh O. Anti-VEGF Antibody Protects against Alveolar Exudate Leakage Caused by Vascular Hyperpermeability, Resulting in Mitigation of Pneumonitis Induced by Immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2519-2526. [PMID: 34552009 PMCID: PMC9306403 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune-related pneumonitis is an important toxicity associated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies, often necessitating discontinuation of treatment. Development of methods to mitigate checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis is required.The contributions of PD-L1, PD-L2, and VEGF to the pathogenesis of pneumonitis were examined in an IL2- plus IL18-induced mouse pneumonitis model (IL pneumonitis model). Furthermore, the incidences of pneumonitis were retrospectively examined in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with the anti-PD-L1 mAb atezolizumab plus chemotherapy, with or without the anti-VEGF mAb bevacizumab, in the phase III IMpower150 trial. PD-1 signal blockade by anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-L2 antibodies aggravated pneumonitis in the IL pneumonitis model. An anti-VEGF antibody prevented PD-1 signal blockade from aggravating pneumonitis in this model. PD-1 signal blockade induced interstitial T-cell infiltration in the lungs, but VEGF blockade did not affect this T-cell infiltration. The anti-VEGF antibody protected against vascular-to-alveolar leakage of protein and fluid due to PD-1 signal blockade in a murine model. In the IMpower150 trial, incidence rates of pneumonitis of any grade were 4.3% in the group without bevacizumab and 2.8% in the group with bevacizumab. In patients with pneumonitis, outcomes of "Not recovered/Not resolved" were reported for 29.4% in the group without bevacizumab compared with 9.1% in the group with bevacizumab. Our findings suggest that anti-VEGF antibodies in combination with checkpoint inhibitors may be a treatment method that can control checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Iwai
- Product Research Department, Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Sugimoto
- Product Research Department, Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hina Patel
- Safety Science Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Keigo Yorozu
- Product Research Department, Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsue Kurasawa
- Product Research Department, Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Kondoh
- Product Research Department, Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
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148
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Jacquelot N, Ghaedi M, Warner K, Chung DC, Crome SQ, Ohashi PS. Immune Checkpoints and Innate Lymphoid Cells-New Avenues for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5967. [PMID: 34885076 PMCID: PMC8657134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints (IC) are broadly characterized as inhibitory pathways that tightly regulate the activation of the immune system. These molecular "brakes" are centrally involved in the maintenance of immune self-tolerance and represent a key mechanism in avoiding autoimmunity and tissue destruction. Antibody-based therapies target these inhibitory molecules on T cells to improve their cytotoxic function, with unprecedented clinical efficacies for a number of malignancies. Many of these ICs are also expressed on innate lymphoid cells (ILC), drawing interest from the field to understand their function, impact for anti-tumor immunity and potential for immunotherapy. In this review, we highlight ILC specificities at different tissue sites and their migration potential upon inflammatory challenge. We further summarize the current understanding of IC molecules on ILC and discuss potential strategies for ILC modulation as part of a greater anti-cancer armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jacquelot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Maryam Ghaedi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Kathrin Warner
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Douglas C. Chung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Sarah Q. Crome
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Pamela S. Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
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149
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Sugiura D, Shimizu K, Maruhashi T, Okazaki IM, Okazaki T. T-cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic regulation of PD-1 function. Int Immunol 2021; 33:693-698. [PMID: 34596210 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies that target PD-1 (programmed cell death 1) aim to destroy tumors by activating tumor-specific T cells that are otherwise inactivated by PD-1. Although these therapies have significantly improved the outcomes of patients with diverse cancer types and have revolutionized cancer treatment, only a limited proportion of patients benefits from the therapies currently. Therefore, there is a continued need to decipher the complex biology of PD-1 to improve therapeutic efficacies as well as to prevent immune-related adverse events. Especially, the spaciotemporal context in which PD-1 functions and the properties of T cells that are restrained by PD-1 are only vaguely understood. We have recently revealed that PD-1 function is strictly restricted at the activation phase of T-cell responses by the cis-interactions of PD-L1 and CD80 on antigen-presenting cells, which is critical for the induction of optimal T-cell responses. We also found that the sensitivity to the effects of PD-1 in T cells is essentially determined by T-cell-intrinsic factors. In T cells bearing T-cell antigen-receptors (TCRs) with lower affinity to antigenic peptides, PD-1 inhibits the expression of TCR-inducible genes more efficiently; thereby PD-1 preferentially suppresses low-affinity T cells. Thus, PD-1 function is coordinately regulated by various T-cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors that alter the responsiveness of T cells and the availability of PD-1 ligands. Precise and deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of PD-1 is expected to facilitate the rational development of effective and safe immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Maruhashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Il-Mi Okazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Okazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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150
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Magagna I, Gourdin N, Kieffer Y, Licaj M, Mhaidly R, Andre P, Morel A, Vincent-Salomon A, Paturel C, Mechta-Grigoriou F. CD73-Mediated Immunosuppression Is Linked to a Specific Fibroblast Population That Paves the Way for New Therapy in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235878. [PMID: 34884993 PMCID: PMC8657241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are heterogeneous with multiple functions in breast cancer. Recently, we identified a specific CAF subpopulation (referred to as CAF-S1), which promotes immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, by studying a large collection of human samples, we highlight the key function of CD73/NT5E in CAF-S1-mediated immunosuppression in breast cancer. We first reveal that CD73 protein level specifically accumulates in CAF-S1 in breast cancer patients. Interestingly, infiltration of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) is significantly correlated with CD73 expression in stroma but not in epithelium, indicating that CD73 contributes to immunosuppression when expressed in CAF-S1 and not in tumor cells. By performing functional assays based on relevant systems using primary CAF-S1 isolated from patients, we demonstrate that CAF-S1 increase the content in both PD-1+ and CTLA-4+ Tregs. Importantly, the use of a blocking anti-CD73 antibody on CAF-S1 reduces CAF-S1-mediated immunosuppression by preventing expression of these immune checkpoints on Tregs. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the potential clinical benefit of using both anti-CD73 and immune-checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer patients for inhibiting CAF-S1-mediated immunosuppression and enhancing anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Magagna
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; (I.M.); (Y.K.); (M.L.); (R.M.)
- Inserm, U830, 75005 Paris, France
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy BP 30191, 13276 Marseille, France; (N.G.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Nicolas Gourdin
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy BP 30191, 13276 Marseille, France; (N.G.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Yann Kieffer
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; (I.M.); (Y.K.); (M.L.); (R.M.)
- Inserm, U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Monika Licaj
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; (I.M.); (Y.K.); (M.L.); (R.M.)
- Inserm, U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rana Mhaidly
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; (I.M.); (Y.K.); (M.L.); (R.M.)
- Inserm, U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Andre
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy BP 30191, 13276 Marseille, France; (N.G.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Ariane Morel
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy BP 30191, 13276 Marseille, France; (N.G.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Hospital Group, Department of Diagnostic and Theranostic Medicine, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Carine Paturel
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy BP 30191, 13276 Marseille, France; (N.G.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; (I.M.); (Y.K.); (M.L.); (R.M.)
- Inserm, U830, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-56-24-66-53; Fax: +33-(0)1-56-24-66-50
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