101
|
Zhou W, Wang H, Yu W, Xie W, Zhao M, Huang L, Li X. The expression of the Slit-Robo signal in the retina of diabetic rats and the vitreous or fibrovascular retinal membranes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185795. [PMID: 28973045 PMCID: PMC5626485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Slit-Robo signal has an important role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Our study examined the expression of Slit2 and its receptor, Robo1, in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats via a single, intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The rats were sacrificed 1, 3 or 6 months after the injection. The expression of Slit2 and Robo1 in retinal tissue was measured by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and protein levels were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Recombinant N-Slit2 protein was used to study the effects of Slit2 on the expression of VEGF in vivo. The concentration of Slit2 protein in human eyes was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 27 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 28 eyes in control group. The expression of Slit2, Robo1 and VEGF in the excised human fibrovascular membranes was examined by fluorescence immunostaining and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS The expression of Slit2 and Robo1 in the retina was altered after STZ injection. Recombinant N-Slit2 protein did not increase the retinal VEGF expression. Vitreous concentrations of Slit2 were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. In the human fibrovascular membranes of the study group, the co-localization of VEGF with the markers for Slit2 and Robo1was observed. The expression of Slit2 mRNA, Robo1 mRNA, and VEGF mRNA was significantly higher in human fibrovascular proliferative diabetic retinopathy membranes than in the control membranes. CONCLUSIONS The alteration of Slit2 and Robo1 expression in the retinas of diabetic rats and patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy suggests a role for the Slit-Robo signal in the various stages diabetic retinopathy. Further studies should address the possible involvement of the Slit-Robo signal in the pathophysiological progress of diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongya Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhen Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wankun Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Li P, Shi Y, Shuai H, Cai Y, Lu W, Wang G, Gao L, Wang L, Fan X, Yang X. Alterted SLIT2/ROBO1 signalling is linked to impaired placentation of missed and threatened miscarriage in early pregnancy. Histopathology 2017; 71:543-552. [PMID: 28485101 DOI: 10.1111/his.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Two-thirds of early pregnancy failures present with reduced trophoblast invasion, and SLIT2/ROBO1 signalling is considered to play an important role in trophoblast function during pregnancy. We investigated SLIT2/ROBO1 signalling associated with missed and threatened miscarriage during early gestation. METHODS AND RESULTS Human placenta samples were collected from women with missed miscarriage (n = 25), threatened miscarriage (n = 22) and termination of pregnancy controls (n = 32). Corresponding decreases in beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) levels and shallow trophoblast invasion were observed in patients with missed and threatened miscarriage, immunohistological staining revealed abnormal Slit2 and Robo1, as well as E-cadherin and activating protein-2 alpha (AP-2α) expression in villi and extravillous trophoblasts, and the expression of these proteins were confirmed in villi and decidua of miscarriage material by Western blotting. Using HTR8/SVneo cells, blocking SLIT2/ROBO1 signalling promoted cell migration, proliferation and suppressed differentiation. Moreover, blocking SLIT2/ROBO1 signalling in HTR8/SVneo cells altered trophoblast differentiation-related and angiogenesis-related gene mRNA expression, which also occurred in the tissues of missed and threatened miscarriage. CONCLUSIONS SLIT2/ROBO1 signalling may regulate trophoblast differentiation and invasion causing restricting β-hCG production, shallow trophoblast invasion and inhibiting placental angiogenesis in missed and threatened miscarriage during the first trimester.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Abortion, Spontaneous/etiology
- Abortion, Spontaneous/metabolism
- Abortion, Spontaneous/pathology
- Abortion, Threatened/etiology
- Abortion, Threatened/metabolism
- Abortion, Threatened/pathology
- Adult
- Antigens, CD
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Placenta/metabolism
- Placenta/pathology
- Placentation
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, First
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
- Trophoblasts/pathology
- Young Adult
- Roundabout Proteins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of The Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nursing Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxun Shi
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of The Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Shuai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhen Cai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Lu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of The Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of The Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lufen Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Institute of Vascular Biological Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiujun Fan
- Shenzhen Insititutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of The Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
O’Sullivan ML, Puñal VM, Kerstein PC, Brzezinski JA, Glaser T, Wright KM, Kay JN. Astrocytes follow ganglion cell axons to establish an angiogenic template during retinal development. Glia 2017; 65:1697-1716. [PMID: 28722174 PMCID: PMC5561467 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Immature astrocytes and blood vessels enter the developing mammalian retina at the optic nerve head and migrate peripherally to colonize the entire retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Retinal vascularization is arrested in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a major cause of bilateral blindness in children. Despite their importance in normal development and ROP, the factors that control vascularization of the retina remain poorly understood. Because astrocytes form a reticular network that appears to provide a substrate for migrating endothelial cells, they have long been proposed to guide angiogenesis. However, whether astrocytes do in fact impose a spatial pattern on developing vessels remains unclear, and how astrocytes themselves are guided is unknown. Here we explore the cellular mechanisms that ensure complete retinal coverage by astrocytes and blood vessels in mouse. We find that migrating astrocytes associate closely with the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), their neighbors in the RNFL. Analysis of Robo1; Robo2 mutants, in which RGC axon guidance is disrupted, and Math5 (Atoh7) mutants, which lack RGCs, reveals that RGCs provide directional information to migrating astrocytes that sets them on a centrifugal trajectory. Without this guidance, astrocytes exhibit polarization defects, fail to colonize the peripheral retina, and display abnormal fine-scale spatial patterning. Furthermore, using cell type-specific chemical-genetic tools to selectively ablate astrocytes, we show that the astrocyte template is required for angiogenesis and vessel patterning. Our results are consistent with a model whereby RGC axons guide formation of an astrocytic network that subsequently directs vessel development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. O’Sullivan
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Vanessa M. Puñal
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Patrick C. Kerstein
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Joseph A. Brzezinski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045 USA
| | - Tom Glaser
- Department of Cell Biology & Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Kevin M. Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Jeremy N. Kay
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Erskine L, François U, Denti L, Joyce A, Tillo M, Bruce F, Vargesson N, Ruhrberg C. VEGF-A and neuropilin 1 (NRP1) shape axon projections in the developing CNS via dual roles in neurons and blood vessels. Development 2017; 144:2504-2516. [PMID: 28676569 PMCID: PMC5536872 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Visual information is relayed from the eye to the brain via retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons. Mice lacking NRP1 or NRP1-binding VEGF-A isoforms have defective RGC axon organisation alongside brain vascular defects. It is not known whether axonal defects are caused exclusively by defective VEGF-A signalling in RGCs or are exacerbated by abnormal vascular morphology. Targeted NRP1 ablation in RGCs with a Brn3bCre knock-in allele reduced axonal midline crossing at the optic chiasm and optic tract fasciculation. In contrast, Tie2-Cre-mediated endothelial NRP1 ablation induced axon exclusion zones in the optic tracts without impairing axon crossing. Similar defects were observed in Vegfa120/120 and Vegfa188/188 mice, which have vascular defects as a result of their expression of single VEGF-A isoforms. Ectopic midline vascularisation in endothelial Nrp1 and Vegfa188/188 mutants caused additional axonal exclusion zones within the chiasm. As in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that vessels do not repel axons, abnormally large or ectopically positioned vessels are likely to present physical obstacles to axon growth. We conclude that proper axonal wiring during brain development depends on the precise molecular control of neurovascular co-patterning. Summary: NRP1 plays a dual role in retinal ganglion cells and in vascular endothelial cells to organise axons along the optic pathway between the mouse retina and diencephalon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Erskine
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Urielle François
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Laura Denti
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Andy Joyce
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Miguel Tillo
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Freyja Bruce
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Endothelial adenosine A2a receptor-mediated glycolysis is essential for pathological retinal angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:584. [PMID: 28928465 PMCID: PMC5605640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine/adenosine receptor-mediated signaling has been implicated in the development of various ischemic diseases, including ischemic retinopathies. Here, we show that the adenosine A2a receptor (ADORA2A) promotes hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 (HIF-1)-dependent endothelial cell glycolysis, which is crucial for pathological angiogenesis in proliferative retinopathies. Adora2a expression is markedly increased in the retina of mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Endothelial cell-specific, but not macrophage-specific Adora2a deletion decreases key glycolytic enzymes and reduces pathological neovascularization in the OIR mice. In human primary retinal microvascular endothelial cells, hypoxia induces the expression of ADORA2A by activating HIF-2α. ADORA2A knockdown decreases hypoxia-induced glycolytic enzyme expression, glycolytic flux, and endothelial cell proliferation, sprouting and tubule formation. Mechanistically, ADORA2A activation promotes the transcriptional induction of glycolytic enzymes via ERK- and Akt-dependent translational activation of HIF-1α protein. Taken together, these findings advance translation of ADORA2A as a therapeutic target in the treatment of proliferative retinopathies and other diseases dependent on pathological angiogenesis.Pathological angiogenesis in the retina is a major cause of blindness. Here the authors show that adenosine receptor A2A drives pathological angiogenesis in the oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse model by promoting glycolysis in endothelial cells via the ERK/Akt/HIF-1α pathway, thereby suggesting new therapeutic targets for disease treatment.
Collapse
|
106
|
Augustin HG, Koh GY. Organotypic vasculature: From descriptive heterogeneity to functional pathophysiology. Science 2017; 357:science.aal2379. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aal2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
107
|
Bashamboo A, Bignon-Topalovic J, Moussi N, McElreavey K, Brauner R. Mutations in the Human ROBO1 Gene in Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2401-2406. [PMID: 28402530 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Context Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is characterized by a thin or absent pituitary stalk usually in association with an ectopic posterior pituitary and hypoplasia/aplasia of the anterior pituitary. Associated phenotypes include varied ocular anomalies, hypoglycemia, micropenis/cryptorchidism, growth failure, or combined pituitary hormone deficiencies. Although genetic causes have been identified, they explain only around 5% of PSIS cases. Objective To identify genetic causes of PSIS by exome sequencing. Design Exon enrichment was performed using the Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V4. Paired-end sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform with an average sequencing coverage of ×50. Patients Patients with unexplained PSIS were included in the study. Results In five cases of unexplained PSIS including two familial cases, we identified a novel heterozygous frameshift and nonsense and missense mutations in the ROBO1 gene (p.Ala977Glnfs*40, two affected sibs; p.Tyr1114Ter, sporadic case, and p.Cys240Ser, affected child and paternal aunt) that controls embryonic axon guidance, and branching in the nervous system. Interestingly, four of the five cases of PSIS also presented with ocular anomalies, including hypermetropia with strabismus as well as ptosis. Conclusions These data suggest that mutations in ROBO1 contribute to PSIS and associated ocular anomalies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Nasser Moussi
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ken McElreavey
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Raja Brauner
- Université Paris Descartes and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Ronca R, Benkheil M, Mitola S, Struyf S, Liekens S. Tumor angiogenesis revisited: Regulators and clinical implications. Med Res Rev 2017. [PMID: 28643862 DOI: 10.1002/med.21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since Judah Folkman hypothesized in 1971 that angiogenesis is required for solid tumor growth, numerous studies have been conducted to unravel the angiogenesis process, analyze its role in primary tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenic diseases, and to develop inhibitors of proangiogenic factors. These studies have led in 2004 to the approval of the first antiangiogenic agent (bevacizumab, a humanized antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor) for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This approval launched great expectations for the use of antiangiogenic therapy for malignant diseases. However, these expectations have not been met and, as knowledge of blood vessel formation accumulates, many of the original paradigms no longer hold. Therefore, the regulators and clinical implications of angiogenesis need to be revisited. In this review, we discuss recently identified angiogenesis mediators and pathways, new concepts that have emerged over the past 10 years, tumor resistance and toxicity associated with the use of currently available antiangiogenic treatment and potentially new targets and/or approaches for malignant and nonmalignant neovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ronca
- Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mohammed Benkheil
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Liekens
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Zhang X, Dong J, He Y, Zhao M, Liu Z, Wang N, Jiang M, Zhang Z, Liu G, Liu H, Nie Y, Fan D, Tie J. miR-218 inhibited tumor angiogenesis by targeting ROBO1 in gastric cancer. Gene 2017; 615:42-49. [PMID: 28323002 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of miRNAs is involved in several carcinogenic processes, including tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of miR-218 in gastric cancer angiogenesis. In situ hybridization was performed on a set of tissue microarray samples to assess the difference in miR-218 expression in vessels between tumor tissues and normal gastric mucosa. In vitro, ectopic expression of miR-218 disturbed the tubular structure and inhibited the migration of endothelial cells. Motility and tube formation were rescued when miR-218 was downregulated. Moreover, miR-218 suppressed endothelial cell sprouting in a fibrin bead sprouting assay. Subsequently, we identified ROBO1 as a target of miR-218 in endothelial cells and determined it was responsible for the effect of miR-218 on tumor angiogenesis. In vivo, local injection of mature miR-218 in xenografted tumors disrupted the vessel plexus and thus inhibited tumor growth. Taken together, our study demonstrated an anti-angiogenic role of miR-218 in gastric cancer and indicated that delivery of miR-218 may be a potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit tumor angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jiaqiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Mingzuo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Haiming Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 120012, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Jun Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Liu L, Li W, Geng S, Fang Y, Sun Z, Hu H, Liang Z, Yan Z. Slit2 and Robo1 expression as biomarkers for assessing prognosis in brain glioma patients. Surg Oncol 2016; 25:405-410. [PMID: 27916173 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate the clinical significance of Slit2 and Robo1 expression in prognosis of patients with brain gliomas. METHODS Human brain tissue samples were collected from normal glial tissues (control), low- and high-grade glioma tissues. Slit2 and Robo1 expression levels in cells were assessed by an immunohistochemistry (IHC), and population of the Slit2- and Robo1-presenting patients was examined. The Slit2 and Robo1 mRNA expression levels in three types of the brain cells was determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS Slit2+ cell counts were decreased with increased Robo1+ cells in the low-grade and high-grade glioma tissues as compared to the control. The percentage of cells expressing Slit2 decreased from the control to the high-grade glioma and the percentage of cells expressing Robo1 in low- and high-grade gliomas was increased as compared to the control (P < 0.01). The decrease in the Slit2 mRNA expression was associated with the increase in the Robo1 mRNA expression in the low- and high-grade gliomas (P < 0.01 or 0.05). Survival time for patients with Slit2-/Robo1+ gliomas was shorter than patients with Slit2+/Robo1+ gliomas in the investigated cohorts (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Slit2 and Robo1 expression levels serve as a biomarker with utility in grading gliomas as well as predicting patient survival. The change in Slit2 expression is more reliable and effective than Robo1 expression in predicting a poor prognosis of brain glioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Liu
- Neurosurgical Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.
| | - Wenhua Li
- Neurosurgical Department, Dongying People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Dongying, Shandong, 257091, China
| | - Shaomei Geng
- Neurosurgical Department, Dongying People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Dongying, Shandong, 257091, China
| | - Yanwei Fang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Zhimin Sun
- Neurosurgical Department, Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
| | - Hongchao Hu
- Neurosurgical Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Zhaohui Liang
- Neurosurgical Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Zhongjie Yan
- Neurosurgical Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
The Robo4 cytoplasmic domain is dispensable for vascular permeability and neovascularization. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13517. [PMID: 27882935 PMCID: PMC5123080 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular permeability and neovascularization are implicated in many diseases including retinopathies and diabetic wound healing. Robo4 is an endothelial-specific transmembrane receptor that stabilizes the vasculature, as shown in Robo4−/− mice that develop hyperpermeability, but how Robo4 signals remained unclear. Here we show that Robo4 deletion enhances permeability and revascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and accelerates cutaneous wound healing. To determine Robo4 signalling pathways, we generated transgenic mice expressing a truncated Robo4 lacking the cytoplasmic domain (Robo4ΔCD). Robo4ΔCD expression is sufficient to prevent permeability, and inhibits OIR revascularization and wound healing in Robo4−/− mice. Mechanistically, Robo4 does not affect Slit2 signalling, but Robo4 and Robo4ΔCD counteract Vegfr2-Y949 (Y951 in human VEGFR2) phosphorylation by signalling through the endothelial UNC5B receptor. We conclude that Robo4 inhibits angiogenesis and vessel permeability independently of its cytoplasmic domain, while activating VEGFR2-Y951 via ROBO4 inhibition might accelerate tissue revascularization in retinopathy of prematurity and in diabetic patients. Robo4 is a transmembrane protein that regulates vascular permeability. Zhang et al. now reveal the mechanism of Robo4 action and show that Robo4 and UncB are required for VEGF-mediated regulation of vascular barrier by suppressing VEGF-induced phosphorylation of its receptor Vegfr2 on Y949.
Collapse
|
112
|
Abstract
Slits are secreted proteins that bind to Roundabout (Robo) receptors. Slit-Robo signaling is best known for mediating axon repulsion in the developing nervous system. However, in recent years the functional repertoire of Slits and Robo has expanded tremendously and Slit-Robo signaling has been linked to roles in neurogenesis, angiogenesis and cancer progression among other processes. Likewise, our mechanistic understanding of Slit-Robo signaling has progressed enormously. Here, we summarize new insights into Slit-Robo evolutionary and system-dependent diversity, receptor-ligand interactions, signaling crosstalk and receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Blockus
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France Ecole des Neurosciences de Paris, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Factors regulating capillary remodeling in a reversible model of inflammatory corneal angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32137. [PMID: 27561355 PMCID: PMC4999823 DOI: 10.1038/srep32137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly formed microcapillary networks arising in adult organisms by angiogenic and inflammatory stimuli contribute to pathologies such as corneal and retinal blindness, tumor growth, and metastasis. Therapeutic inhibition of pathologic angiogenesis has focused on targeting the VEGF pathway, while comparatively little attention has been given to remodeling of the new microcapillaries into a stabilized, functional, and persistent vascular network. Here, we used a novel reversible model of inflammatory angiogenesis in the rat cornea to investigate endogenous factors rapidly invoked to remodel, normalize and regress microcapillaries as part of the natural response to regain corneal avascularity. Rapid reversal of an inflammatory angiogenic stimulus suppressed granulocytic activity, enhanced recruitment of remodelling macrophages, induced capillary intussusception, and enriched pathways and processes involving immune cells, chemokines, morphogenesis, axonal guidance, and cell motility, adhesion, and cytoskeletal functions. Whole transcriptome gene expression analysis revealed suppression of numerous inflammatory and angiogenic factors and enhancement of endogenous inhibitors. Many of the identified genes function independently of VEGF and represent potentially new targets for molecular control of the critical process of microvascular remodeling and regression in the cornea.
Collapse
|
114
|
Miloudi K, Binet F, Wilson A, Cerani A, Oubaha M, Menard C, Henriques S, Mawambo G, Dejda A, Nguyen PT, Rezende FA, Bourgault S, Kennedy TE, Sapieha P. Truncated netrin-1 contributes to pathological vascular permeability in diabetic retinopathy. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3006-22. [PMID: 27400127 DOI: 10.1172/jci84767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. Impaired blood-retinal barrier function leads to macular edema that is closely associated with the deterioration of central vision. We previously demonstrated that the neuronal guidance cue netrin-1 activates a program of reparative angiogenesis in microglia within the ischemic retina. Here, we provide evidence in both vitreous humor of diabetic patients and in retina of a murine model of diabetes that netrin-1 is metabolized into a bioactive fragment corresponding to domains VI and V of the full-length molecule. In contrast to the protective effects of full-length netrin-1 on retinal microvasculature, the VI-V fragment promoted vascular permeability through the uncoordinated 5B (UNC5B) receptor. The collagenase matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9), which is increased in patients with diabetic macular edema, was capable of cleaving netrin-1 into the VI-V fragment. Thus, MMP-9 may release netrin-1 fragments from the extracellular matrix and facilitate diffusion. Nonspecific inhibition of collagenases or selective inhibition of MMP-9 decreased pathological vascular permeability in a murine model of diabetic retinal edema. This study reveals that netrin-1 degradation products are capable of modulating vascular permeability, suggesting that these fragments are of potential therapeutic interest for the treatment of DR.
Collapse
|
115
|
Su X, Ren Y, Yu N, Kong L, Kang J. Thymoquinone inhibits inflammation, neoangiogenesis and vascular remodeling in asthma mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:70-80. [PMID: 27240137 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic obstructive disease which is characterized by recurring airway inflammation, reversible airway obstruction, airway hyper responsiveness and vascular remodeling. Thymoquinone (TQ), an active ingredient isolated from Nigella sativa, was reported to exhibit anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation of in various cancer cells as well as epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TQ on the inflammation, neoangiogenesis and vascular remodeling induced by Ovalbumin (OVA) in asthma mice in vivo and the anti-angiogenesis effects of TQ in VEGF-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Our results revealed that TQ inhibited the production of inflammatory factors interleukin-4/-5 (IL-4/-5) by enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the increase of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, which is also known as CD31 and α-smooth muscle actinalpha (α-SMA) expression in asthma mice challenged by OVA was suppressed by TQ. Moreover, TQ suppressed the activation of VEGFR2-PI3K-Akt pathway and up-regulated the expression of Slit glycoprotein-2 (Slit-2) both in vivo and in vitro with the inhibition of tube information in HUVEC cells. Meanwhile immunofluorescence analysis showed that Slit-2 and Roundabout-4 (Robo-4) were co-expressing after TQ treatment in OVA-challenged asthma mice. Our study demonstrates that TQ attenuated the inflammatory reaction by antagonizing IL-4/-5 while the anti-neoangiogenesis effect of TQ is mediated by inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression through VEGFR2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which supports a potential role for TQ in ameliorating asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Kong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Wang H. Anti-VEGF therapy in the management of retinopathy of prematurity: what we learn from representative animal models of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Eye Brain 2016; 8:81-90. [PMID: 28539803 PMCID: PMC5398744 DOI: 10.2147/eb.s94449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a leading cause of childhood blindness, affecting infants born prematurely. ROP is characterized by the onset of delayed physiological retinal vascular development (PRVD) and followed by pathologic neovascularization into the vitreous instead of the retina, called intravitreal neovascularization (IVNV). Therefore, the therapeutic strategy for treating ROP is to promote PRVD and inhibit or prevent IVNV. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ROP. There is a growing body of studies testing the use of anti-VEGF agents as a treatment for ROP. Intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment for ROP has potential advantages compared with laser photocoagulation, the gold standard for the treatment of severe ROP; however, intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment has been associated with reactivation of ROP and suppression of systemic VEGF that may affect body growth and organ development in preterm infants. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of VEGF in PRVD and IVNV. This review includes the current knowledge of anti-VEGF treatment for ROP from animal models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), highlighting the importance of VEGF inhibition by targeting retinal Müller cells, which inhibits IVNV and permits PRVD. The signaling events involved in mediating VEGF expression and promoting VEGF-mediated angiogenesis, including hypoxia-dependent signaling, erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor-, oxidative stress-, beta-adrenergic receptor-, integrin-, Notch/Delta-like ligand 4- and exon guidance molecules-mediated signaling pathways, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, John A Moran Eye Center, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Liu D, Xiao Y, Subramanian RR, Okamoto EI, Wilcox JN, Anderson L, De Leon H. Potential Role of Axonal Chemorepellent Slit2 in Modulating Adventitial Inflammation in a Rat Carotid Artery Balloon Injury Model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:433-41. [PMID: 26841069 PMCID: PMC4861666 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte infiltration of adventitial and perivascular tissues is an early event in the development of vascular remodeling after injury. We investigated whether Slit/Robo-an axonal chemorepellent system in vertebrate and invertebrate development-is activated during the inflammatory phase that follows endothelial denudation. Using the rat carotid artery model of angioplasty, we conducted a time course analysis of mRNAs encoding Slit ligands (Slit2 and Slit3) and Robo receptors (Robo1, Robo2, and Robo4), as well as proinflammatory cell adhesion molecule (CAM) genes. Adventitial inflammatory cells were counted in immunostained arterial sections. E-selectin, vascular CAM-1, and intercellular CAM-1 were upregulated 2-3 hours after injury, followed by infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes as evidenced by real-time polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Slit2, Slit3, and Robo genes exhibited no expression changes at 3 hours; however, they were markedly upregulated 1 day after angioplasty. Intercellular CAM-1 expression was reduced by 50%, and the number of adventitial neutrophils decreased by >75% 1 day after angioplasty. Slit2 has been shown to be a potent chemorepelent of leukocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Thus, we decided to further investigate the localization of Slit2 in injured vessels. Immunohistochemical stainings revealed the presence of Slit2 within the vessel wall and in the perivascular vasa vasorum of naive and injured arteries. Double immunohistochemical analyses showed that infiltrating monocytes expressed Slit2 in the perivascular and adventitial tissues of injured arteries 1 and 3 days postangioplasty. In addition, recombinant full-length Slit2 and Slit2-N/1118, an N-terminal fragment of Slit2, inhibited stromal cell-derived factor 1-mediated migration of circulating rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In summary, adventitial activation of CAM genes and neutrophil infiltration preceded upregulation of Slit/Robo genes. Sli2 expression colocalized with infiltrating inflammatory cells in the adventitial layer. This temporospatial association suggests that leukocyte chemorepellent Slit2 may be involved in halting the adventitial accumulation of inflammatory cells in injured vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310
| | - Yan Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310
| | | | - Ei-ichi Okamoto
- The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Josiah N. Wilcox
- The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Leonard Anderson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310
| | - Hector De Leon
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Kong Y, Sun B, Han Q, Han S, Wang Y, Chen Y. Slit-miR-218-Robo axis regulates retinal neovascularization. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1139-45. [PMID: 26935869 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-218 is an important intronic microRNA (miRNA or miR) which is known to regulate angiogenesis in tumors. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-218, as well as its host genes, Slit2 and Slit3, on oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization (RNV) and to explore the associated mechanisms of action. For this purpose, a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) was established. The expression levels of miR-218-1 and miR-218-2, as well as those of their host genes, Slit2 and Slit3, were determined by RT-qPCR. Fluorescein angiography was performed on the retinas of the mice with OIR, and RNV was quantified by H&E staining in order to evaluate the effect of pCDH-CMV-miR-218 intravitreal injection on RNV in the mouse model of OIR. Roundabout, axon guidance receptor, homolog 1 (Robo1) expression was detected in mouse retinal vascular endothelial cells expressing high or low levels of miR-218 and in retinal tissues from mice with OIR by western blot analysis. Cell migration was evaluated by a scratch wound assay. We noted that in the mice with OIR, the expression level of miR-218 was significantly downregulated. We also noted that Robo1 expression was suppressed by miR-218. Furthermore, in the mice with OIR, the expression level of miR-218 was significantly downregulated, and that of miR-218-1 and its host gene, Slit2, was concomitantly downregulated as well. The restoration of miR-218 inhibited retinal angiogenesis by targeting Robo1. Taken together, our findings suggest that the Slit2-miR-218-Robo1 axis contributes to the inhibition of retinal angiogenesis and that miR-218 may be a new therapeutic target for preventing RNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Kong
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Bei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Heping, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Quanhong Han
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Han
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Han S, Kong YC, Sun B, Han QH, Chen Y, Wang YC. microRNA-218 Inhibits Oxygen-induced Retinal Neovascularization via Reducing the Expression of Roundabout 1. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 129:709-15. [PMID: 26960375 PMCID: PMC4804418 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.178013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of pathological retinal neovascularization (RNV) remain unknown. Several microRNAs were reported to be involved in the process of RNV. Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is a useful model to investigate RNV. Our present work explored the expression and the role of microRNA-128 (miR-218) in oxygen-induced RNV. METHODS OIR was used to establish RNV model. The expression level of miR-218 in the retina from OIR mice was assessed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Fluorescein angiography was performed in retinae of OIR mice, and RNV was quantified by hematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate the effect of pCDH-CMV-miR-218 intravitreal injection on RNV in OIR mice. Roundabout 1 (Robo1) expression was detected by Western blotting in mouse retinal vascular endothelial cells expressing a high or low level of miR-218 and retinal tissues from OIR mice. Cell migration was evaluated by scratch wound assay. RESULTS In OIR mice, the expression level of miR-218 was significantly down-regulated (P = 0.006). Retinal Robo1 expression was significantly increased at both mRNA and protein levels (P = 0.001, 0.008; respectively). miR-218 intravitreal injection inhibited retinal angiogenesis in OIR mice, and the restoration of miR-218 in retina led to down-regulation of Robo1. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments showed that restoration of miR-218 inhibited retinal angiogenesis via targeting Robo1. MiR-218 contributed to the inhibition of retinal angiogenesis and miR-218 might be a new therapeutic target for preventing RNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yi-Chun Kong
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Quan-Hong Han
- Department of Vitreous and Retina Diseases, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yu-Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
A Secreted Slit2 Fragment Regulates Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Metabolic Function. Cell Metab 2016; 23:454-66. [PMID: 26876562 PMCID: PMC4785066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of brown and beige fat can reduce obesity and improve glucose homeostasis through nonshivering thermogenesis. Whether brown or beige fat also secretes paracrine or endocrine factors to promote and amplify adaptive thermogenesis is not fully explored. Here we identify Slit2, a 180 kDa member of the Slit extracellular protein family, as a PRDM16-regulated secreted factor from beige fat cells. In isolated cells and in mice, full-length Slit2 is cleaved to generate several smaller fragments, and we identify an active thermogenic moiety as the C-terminal fragment. This Slit2-C fragment of 50 kDa promotes adipose thermogenesis, augments energy expenditure, and improves glucose homeostasis in vivo. Mechanistically, Slit2 induces a robust activation of PKA signaling, which is required for its prothermogenic activity. Our findings establish a previously unknown peripheral role for Slit2 as a beige fat secreted factor that has therapeutic potential for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
121
|
Dubrac A, Genet G, Ola R, Zhang F, Pibouin-Fragner L, Han J, Zhang J, Thomas JL, Chedotal A, Schwartz MA, Eichmann A. Targeting NCK-Mediated Endothelial Cell Front-Rear Polarity Inhibits Neovascularization. Circulation 2015; 133:409-21. [PMID: 26659946 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.017537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sprouting angiogenesis is a key process driving blood vessel growth in ischemic tissues and an important drug target in a number of diseases, including wet macular degeneration and wound healing. Endothelial cells forming the sprout must develop front-rear polarity to allow sprout extension. The adaptor proteins Nck1 and 2 are known regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and polarity, but their function in angiogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we show that the Nck adaptors are required for endothelial cell front-rear polarity and migration downstream of the angiogenic growth factors VEGF-A and Slit2. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice carrying inducible, endothelial-specific Nck1/2 deletions fail to develop front-rear polarized vessel sprouts and exhibit severe angiogenesis defects in the postnatal retina and during embryonic development. Inactivation of NCK1 and 2 inhibits polarity by preventing Cdc42 and Pak2 activation by VEGF-A and Slit2. Mechanistically, NCK binding to ROBO1 is required for both Slit2- and VEGF-induced front-rear polarity. Selective inhibition of polarized endothelial cell migration by targeting Nck1/2 prevents hypersprouting induced by Notch or Bmp signaling inhibition, and pathological ocular neovascularization and wound healing, as well. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal a novel signal integration mechanism involving NCK1/2, ROBO1/2, and VEGFR2 that controls endothelial cell front-rear polarity during sprouting angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dubrac
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.D., G.G., R.O., F.Z., J.H., J.Z., J.-L.T., A.E.); INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris (L.P.-F., A.E.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (J.-L.T.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 06, INSERM, UMR-S968, CNRS, UMR-7210, Institut de la Vision, France (A.C.); Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.S.); and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.E.)
| | - Gael Genet
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.D., G.G., R.O., F.Z., J.H., J.Z., J.-L.T., A.E.); INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris (L.P.-F., A.E.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (J.-L.T.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 06, INSERM, UMR-S968, CNRS, UMR-7210, Institut de la Vision, France (A.C.); Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.S.); and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.E.)
| | - Roxana Ola
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.D., G.G., R.O., F.Z., J.H., J.Z., J.-L.T., A.E.); INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris (L.P.-F., A.E.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (J.-L.T.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 06, INSERM, UMR-S968, CNRS, UMR-7210, Institut de la Vision, France (A.C.); Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.S.); and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.E.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.D., G.G., R.O., F.Z., J.H., J.Z., J.-L.T., A.E.); INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris (L.P.-F., A.E.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (J.-L.T.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 06, INSERM, UMR-S968, CNRS, UMR-7210, Institut de la Vision, France (A.C.); Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.S.); and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.E.)
| | - Laurence Pibouin-Fragner
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.D., G.G., R.O., F.Z., J.H., J.Z., J.-L.T., A.E.); INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris (L.P.-F., A.E.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (J.-L.T.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 06, INSERM, UMR-S968, CNRS, UMR-7210, Institut de la Vision, France (A.C.); Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.S.); and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.E.)
| | - Jinah Han
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.D., G.G., R.O., F.Z., J.H., J.Z., J.-L.T., A.E.); INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris (L.P.-F., A.E.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (J.-L.T.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 06, INSERM, UMR-S968, CNRS, UMR-7210, Institut de la Vision, France (A.C.); Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.S.); and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.E.)
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.D., G.G., R.O., F.Z., J.H., J.Z., J.-L.T., A.E.); INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris (L.P.-F., A.E.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (J.-L.T.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 06, INSERM, UMR-S968, CNRS, UMR-7210, Institut de la Vision, France (A.C.); Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.S.); and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.E.)
| | - Jean-Léon Thomas
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.D., G.G., R.O., F.Z., J.H., J.Z., J.-L.T., A.E.); INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris (L.P.-F., A.E.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (J.-L.T.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 06, INSERM, UMR-S968, CNRS, UMR-7210, Institut de la Vision, France (A.C.); Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.S.); and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.E.)
| | - Alain Chedotal
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.D., G.G., R.O., F.Z., J.H., J.Z., J.-L.T., A.E.); INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris (L.P.-F., A.E.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (J.-L.T.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 06, INSERM, UMR-S968, CNRS, UMR-7210, Institut de la Vision, France (A.C.); Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.S.); and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.E.)
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.D., G.G., R.O., F.Z., J.H., J.Z., J.-L.T., A.E.); INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris (L.P.-F., A.E.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (J.-L.T.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 06, INSERM, UMR-S968, CNRS, UMR-7210, Institut de la Vision, France (A.C.); Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.S.); and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.E.)
| | - Anne Eichmann
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.D., G.G., R.O., F.Z., J.H., J.Z., J.-L.T., A.E.); INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris (L.P.-F., A.E.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (J.-L.T.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 06, INSERM, UMR-S968, CNRS, UMR-7210, Institut de la Vision, France (A.C.); Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.S.); and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.E.).
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Zhao H, Ahirwar DK, Oghumu S, Wilkie T, Powell CA, Nasser MW, Satoskar AR, Li DY, Ganju RK. Endothelial Robo4 suppresses breast cancer growth and metastasis through regulation of tumor angiogenesis. Mol Oncol 2015; 10:272-81. [PMID: 26778715 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor angiogenesis is a promising alternative strategy for improvement of breast cancer therapy. Robo4 (roundabout homolog 4) signaling has been shown to protect endothelial integrity during sepsis shock and arthritis, and inhibit Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) signaling during pathological angiogenesis of retinopathy, which indicates that Robo4 might be a potential target for angiogenesis in breast cancer. In this study, we used immune competent Robo4 knockout mouse model to show that endothelial Robo4 is important for suppressing breast cancer growth and metastasis. And this effect does not involve the function of Robo4 on hematopoietic stem cells. Robo4 inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis by regulating tumor angiogenesis, endothelial leakage and tight junction protein zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) downregulation. Treatment with SecinH3, a small molecule drug which deactivates ARF6 downstream of Robo4, can enhance Robo4 signaling and thus inhibit breast cancer growth and metastasis. SecinH3 mediated its effect by reducing tumor angiogenesis rather than directly affecting cancer cell proliferation. In conclusion, endothelial Robo4 signaling is important for suppressing breast cancer growth and metastasis, and it can be targeted (enhanced) by administrating a small molecular drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA; School of Medicine and Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, The University of Utah, USA
| | - Dinesh K Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Tasha Wilkie
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Catherine A Powell
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Mohd W Nasser
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Dean Y Li
- School of Medicine and Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, The University of Utah, USA
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Laakkonen JP, Ylä-Herttuala S. Recent Advancements in Cardiovascular Gene Therapy and Vascular Biology. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:518-24. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna P. Laakkonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|