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Pettersen VK, Dufour A, Arrieta MC. Metaproteomic profiling of fungal gut colonization in gnotobiotic mice. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:14. [PMID: 35193703 PMCID: PMC8862486 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic microbes can modulate mammalian host health and disease states, yet the molecular contribution of gut fungi remains nascent. We previously showed that mice exclusively colonised with fungi displayed increased sensitivity to allergic airway inflammation and had fecal metabolite profiles similar to germ-free mice. This marginal effect on the host metabolome suggested that fungi do not primarily use metabolites to modulate the host immune system. METHODS To describe functional changes attributed to fungal colonisation, we performed mass spectrometry-based analyses of feces (Label-Free Quantitative; LFQ) and the small intestine (labeling with Tandem Mass Tag; TMT) of gnotobiotic mice colonised with defined consortia of twelve bacterial species, five fungal species, or both. We also evaluated the effect of microbiome perturbances on the metaproteome by analysing feces from mouse pups treated with an antibiotic or antifungal. RESULTS We detected 6675 proteins in the mice feces, of which 3845 had determined LFQ levels. Analysis of variance showed changes in the different gnotobiotic mouse groups; specifically, 46% of 2860 bacterial, 15% of 580 fungal, and 76% of 405 mouse quantified proteins displayed differential levels. The antimicrobial treatments resulted in lasting changes in the bacterial and fungal proteomes, suggesting that the antimicrobials impacted the entire community. Fungal colonisation resulted in changes in host proteins functional in innate immunity as well as metabolism, predicting specific roles of gut fungi on host systems during early developmental stages. Several of the detected fungal proteins (3% of 1492) have been previously reported as part of extracellular vesicles and having immunomodulating properties. Using an isobaric labelling TMT approach for profiling low abundant proteins of the jejunal tissue, we confirmed that the five fungal species differentially impacted the host intestinal proteome compared to the bacterial consortium. The detected changes in mouse jejunal proteins (4% of 1514) were mainly driven by metabolic proteins. CONCLUSIONS We used quantitative proteomic profiling of gnotobiotic conditions to show how colonisation with selected fungal species impacts the host gut proteome. Our results suggest that an increased abundance of certain gut fungal species in early life may affect the developing intracellular attributes of epithelial and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kuchařová Pettersen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Research Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Research Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Research Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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102
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Abstract
The fungus Candida albicans is a ubiquitous member of the human gut microbiota. Hundreds or thousands of bacterial taxa reside together with this fungus in the intestine, creating a milieu with myriad opportunities for inter-kingdom interactions. Indeed, recent studies examining the broader composition - that is, monitoring not only bacteria but also the often neglected fungal component - of the gut microbiota hint that there are significant interdependencies between fungi and bacteria. Gut bacteria closely associate with C. albicans cells in the colon, break down and feed on complex sugars decorating the fungal cell wall, and shape the intestinal microhabitats occupied by the fungus. Peptidoglycan subunits released by bacteria upon antibiotic treatment can promote C. albicans dissemination from the intestine, seeding bloodstream infections that often become life-threatening. Elucidating the principles that govern the fungus-bacteria interplay may open the door to novel approaches to prevent C. albicans infections originating in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Christian Pérez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA,CONTACT J.Christian Pérez Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
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103
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Phuna ZX, Madhavan P. A CLOSER LOOK AT THE MYCOBIOME IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: FUNGAL SPECIES, PATHOGENESIS AND TRANSMISSION. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1291-1321. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xin Phuna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Malaysia Subang Jaya Selangor
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Malaysia Subang Jaya Selangor
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104
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Herman A, Herman AP. Could Candida Overgrowth Be Involved in the Pathophysiology of Autism? J Clin Med 2022; 11:442. [PMID: 35054136 PMCID: PMC8778531 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current acquiredknowledge of Candida overgrowth in the intestine as a possible etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The influence of Candida sp. on the immune system, brain, and behavior of children with ASD isdescribed. The benefits of interventions such as a carbohydrates-exclusion diet, probiotic supplementation, antifungal agents, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and microbiota transfer therapy (MTT) will be also discussed. Our literature query showed that the results of most studies do not fully support the hypothesis that Candida overgrowth is correlated with gastrointestinal (GI) problems and contributes to autism behavioral symptoms occurrence. On the one hand, it was reported that the modulation of microbiota composition in the gut may decrease Candida overgrowth, help reduce GI problems and autism symptoms. On the other hand, studies on humans suggesting the beneficial effects of a sugar-free diet, probiotic supplementation, FMT and MTT treatment in ASD are limited and inconclusive. Due to the increasing prevalence of ASD, studies on the etiology of this disorder are extremely needed and valuable. However, to elucidate the possible involvement of Candida in the pathophysiology of ASD, more reliable and well-designed research is certainly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw School of Engineering and Health, Bitwy Warszawskiej 20 18, 19 Street, 02-366 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Przemysław Herman
- Department of Genetic Engineering, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland;
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105
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Frau A, Ijaz UZ, Slater R, Jonkers D, Penders J, Campbell BJ, Kenny JG, Hall N, Lenzi L, Burkitt MD, Pierik M, Darby AC, Probert CSJ. Inter-kingdom relationships in Crohn's disease explored using a multi-omics approach. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1930871. [PMID: 34241567 PMCID: PMC8274447 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1930871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Crohn's disease (CD) is multifactorial. Bacterial and fungal microbiota are involved in the onset and/or progression of the disease. A bacterial dysbiosis in CD patients is accepted; however, less is known about the mycobiome and the relationships between the two communities. We investigated the interkingdom relationships, their metabolic consequences, and the changes in the fungal community during relapse and remission in CD.Two cohorts were evaluated: a British cohort (n = 63) comprising CD and ulcerative colitis patients, and controls. The fungal and bacterial communities of biopsy and fecal samples were analyzed, with the fecal volatiles; datasets were also integrated; and a Dutch cohort (n = 41) comprising CD patients and healthy controls was analyzed for stability of the gut mycobiome.A dysbiosis of the bacterial community was observed in biopsies and stool. Results suggest Bacteroides is likely key in CD and may modulate Candida colonization. A dysbiosis of the fungal community was observed only in the Dutch cohort; Malassezia and Candida were increased in patients taking immunosuppressants. Longitudinal analysis showed an increase in Cyberlindnera in relapse. Saccharomyces was dominant in all fecal samples, but not in biopsies, some of which did not yield fungal reads; amino acid degradation was the main metabolic change associated with CD and both bacteria and fungi might be implicated.We have shown that Bacteroides and yeasts may play a role in CD; understanding their role and relationship in the disease would shed new light on the development and treatment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Frau
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,CONTACT Alessandra Frau Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Nuffield Building, Ashton Street, LiverpoolL69 3GE, UK
| | - Umer Z. Ijaz
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,Umer Z. Ijaz School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachael Slater
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Barry J. Campbell
- Department of Infection & Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Neil Hall
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Luca Lenzi
- Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael D. Burkitt
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marieke Pierik
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alistair C. Darby
- Department of Infection & Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher S. J. Probert
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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OUP accepted manuscript. Med Mycol 2022; 60:6517703. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Prieto D, Pla J. Comparative Analysis of the Fitness of Candida albicans Strains During Colonization of the Mice Gastrointestinal Tract. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2542:233-244. [PMID: 36008669 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2549-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans populations present in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract are a major source of candidemia and subsequent severe invasive candidiasis in those individuals with acquired or congenital immune defects. Understanding the mechanisms used by this fungus to colonize this niche is, therefore, of primary importance to develop new therapeutic options that could lead to control its proliferation in the host. The recent popularization of models of commensalism in mice combined with the already powerful tools in C. albicans genetics allows to analyze the role of specific genes during colonization. Fitness can be analyzed for a specific C. albicans strain (test strain) by comparing its growth in vivo with an otherwise isogenic control strain via the analysis of the luminal content of the mouse gastrointestinal tract using flow cytometry, qPCR, or viable fungal cell counting. While all these procedures have limitations, they can be used to estimate the degree of adaptation of the test strain to the mammalian tract by determining its relative abundance with an internal control strain. By using specific genetically engineered C. albicans and mouse strains, antibiotic regimes, or even germ-free mice, this methodology allows to determine the role of the host immunological status, the bacterial microbiota, or individual fungal features (e.g., dimorphism) in the process of colonization of C. albicans of the mammalian gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prieto
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología-IRYCIS, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pla
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología-IRYCIS, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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108
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Kaur H, Ali SA. Probiotics and gut microbiota: mechanistic insights into gut immune homeostasis through TLR pathway regulation. Food Funct 2022; 13:7423-7447. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of probiotics as a useful functional food improves the host's wellbeing, and, when paired with prebiotics (indigestible dietary fibre/carbohydrate), often benefits the host through anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-NDRI, 132001, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-NDRI, 132001, India
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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109
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Khan I, Bai Y, Zha L, Ullah N, Ullah H, Shah SRH, Sun H, Zhang C. Mechanism of the Gut Microbiota Colonization Resistance and Enteric Pathogen Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:716299. [PMID: 35004340 PMCID: PMC8733563 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.716299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian gut microbial community, known as the gut microbiota, comprises trillions of bacteria, which co-evolved with the host and has an important role in a variety of host functions that include nutrient acquisition, metabolism, and immunity development, and more importantly, it plays a critical role in the protection of the host from enteric infections associated with exogenous pathogens or indigenous pathobiont outgrowth that may result from healthy gut microbial community disruption. Microbiota evolves complex mechanisms to restrain pathogen growth, which included nutrient competition, competitive metabolic interactions, niche exclusion, and induction of host immune response, which are collectively termed colonization resistance. On the other hand, pathogens have also developed counterstrategies to expand their population and enhance their virulence to cope with the gut microbiota colonization resistance and cause infection. This review summarizes the available literature on the complex relationship occurring between the intestinal microbiota and enteric pathogens, describing how the gut microbiota can mediate colonization resistance against bacterial enteric infections and how bacterial enteropathogens can overcome this resistance as well as how the understanding of this complex interaction can inform future therapies against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Centre, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanrui Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Centre, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lajia Zha
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Centre, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Naeem Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Habib Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Centre, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Syed Rafiq Hussain Shah
- Department of Microecology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Centre, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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McDonough LD, Mishra AA, Tosini N, Kakade P, Penumutchu S, Liang SH, Maufrais C, Zhai B, Taur Y, Belenky P, Bennett RJ, Hohl TM, Koh AY, Ene IV. Candida albicans Isolates 529L and CHN1 Exhibit Stable Colonization of the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract. mBio 2021; 12:e0287821. [PMID: 34724818 PMCID: PMC8561340 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02878-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a pathobiont that colonizes multiple niches in the body including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but is also responsible for both mucosal and systemic infections. Despite its prevalence as a human commensal, the murine GI tract is generally refractory to colonization with the C. albicans reference isolate SC5314. Here, we identify two C. albicans isolates, 529L and CHN1, that stably colonize the murine GI tract in three different animal facilities under conditions where SC5314 is lost from this niche. Analysis of the bacterial microbiota did not show notable differences among mice colonized with the three C. albicans strains. We compared the genotypes and phenotypes of these three strains and identified thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and multiple phenotypic differences, including their ability to grow and filament in response to nutritional cues. Despite striking filamentation differences under laboratory conditions, however, analysis of cell morphology in the GI tract revealed that the three isolates exhibited similar filamentation properties in this in vivo niche. Notably, we found that SC5314 is more sensitive to the antimicrobial peptide CRAMP, and the use of CRAMP-deficient mice modestly increased the ability of SC5314 to colonize the GI tract relative to CHN1 and 529L. These studies provide new insights into how strain-specific differences impact C. albicans traits in the host and advance CHN1 and 529L as relevant strains to study C. albicans pathobiology in its natural host niche. IMPORTANCE Understanding how fungi colonize the GI tract is increasingly recognized as highly relevant to human health. The animal models used to study Candida albicans commensalism commonly rely on altering the host microbiome (via antibiotic treatment or defined diets) to establish successful GI colonization by the C. albicans reference isolate SC5314. Here, we characterize two C. albicans isolates that can colonize the murine GI tract without antibiotic treatment and can therefore be used as tools for studying fungal commensalism. Importantly, experiments were replicated in three different animal facilities and utilized three different mouse strains. Differential colonization between fungal isolates was not associated with alterations in the bacterial microbiome but rather with distinct responses to CRAMP, a host antimicrobial peptide. This work emphasizes the importance of C. albicans intraspecies variation as well as host antimicrobial defense mechanisms in defining the outcome of commensal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam D. McDonough
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Animesh A. Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas Tosini
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pallavi Kakade
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Swathi Penumutchu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Shen-Huan Liang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Bing Zhai
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Richard J. Bennett
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tobias M. Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Y. Koh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Iuliana V. Ene
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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111
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Haematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes are linked to intestinal mycobiota dynamics and an expansion of Candida parapsilosis complex species. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1505-1515. [PMID: 34764444 PMCID: PMC8939874 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) induces profound shifts in the intestinal bacterial microbiota. The dynamics of intestinal fungi and their impact on clinical outcomes during allo-HCT are not fully understood. Here we combined parallel high-throughput fungal ITS1 amplicon sequencing, bacterial 16S amplicon sequencing and fungal cultures of 1,279 faecal samples from a cohort of 156 patients undergoing allo-HCT to reveal potential trans-kingdom dynamics and their association with patient outcomes. We saw that the overall density and the biodiversity of intestinal fungi were stable during allo-HCT but the species composition changed drastically from day to day. We identified a subset of patients with fungal dysbiosis defined by culture positivity (n = 53) and stable expansion of Candida parapsilosis complex species (n = 19). They presented with distinct trans-kingdom microbiota profiles, characterized by a decreased intestinal bacterial biomass. These patients had worse overall survival and higher transplant-related mortality independent of candidaemia. This expands our understanding of the clinical significance of the mycobiota and suggests that targeting fungal dysbiosis may help to improve long-term patient survival.
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112
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Thangamani S, Monasky R, Lee JK, Antharam V, HogenEsch H, Hazbun TR, Jin Y, Gu H, Guo GL. Bile Acid Regulates the Colonization and Dissemination of Candida albicans from the Gastrointestinal Tract by Controlling Host Defense System and Microbiota. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121030. [PMID: 34947012 PMCID: PMC8708873 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (CA), a commensal and opportunistic eukaryotic organism, frequently inhabits the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and causes life-threatening infections. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis is a major risk factor for increased CA colonization and dissemination from the GI tract. We identified a significant increase of taurocholic acid (TCA), a major bile acid in antibiotic-treated mice susceptible to CA infection. In vivo findings indicate that administration of TCA through drinking water is sufficient to induce colonization and dissemination of CA in wild-type and immunosuppressed mice. Treatment with TCA significantly reduced mRNA expression of immune genes ang4 and Cxcr3 in the colon. In addition, TCA significantly decreased the relative abundance of three culturable species of commensal bacteria, Turicibacter sanguinis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Clostridium celatum, in both cecal contents and mucosal scrapings from the colon. Taken together, our results indicate that TCA promotes fungal colonization and dissemination of CA from the GI tract by controlling the host defense system and intestinal microbiota that play a critical role in regulating CA in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-0763
| | - Ross Monasky
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Jung Keun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Vijay Antharam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts, Humanities and Sciences, Methodist University, Fayetteville, NC 28311, USA;
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Tony R. Hazbun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Yan Jin
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.)
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.)
- Center for Translational Science, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 33199, USA
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ 07018, USA
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Mycobiota-induced IgA antibodies regulate fungal commensalism in the gut and are dysregulated in Crohn's disease. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1493-1504. [PMID: 34811531 PMCID: PMC8622360 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) plays an important role in gut barrier protection by shaping the resident microbiota community, restricting the growth of bacterial pathogens and enhancing host protective immunity via immunological exclusion. Here, we found that a portion of the microbiota-driven sIgA response is induced by and directed towards intestinal fungi. Analysis of the human gut mycobiota bound by sIgA revealed a preference for hyphae, a fungal morphotype associated with virulence. Candida albicans was a potent inducer of IgA class-switch recombination among plasma cells, via an interaction dependent on intestinal phagocytes and hyphal programming. Characterization of sIgA affinity and polyreactivity showed that hyphae-associated virulence factors were bound by these antibodies and that sIgA influenced C. albicans morphotypes in the murine gut. Furthermore, an increase in granular hyphal morphologies in patients with Crohn's disease compared with healthy controls correlated with a decrease in antifungal sIgA antibody titre with affinity to two hyphae-associated virulence factors. Thus, in addition to its importance in gut bacterial regulation, sIgA targets the uniquely fungal phenomenon of hyphal formation. Our findings indicate that antifungal sIgA produced in the gut can play a role in regulating intestinal fungal commensalism by coating fungal morphotypes linked to virulence, thereby providing a protective mechanism that might be dysregulated in patients with Crohn's disease.
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114
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Lin J, Filler SG. Fungal dysbiosis and survival after allo-HCT. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1473-1474. [PMID: 34764445 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Lin
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Scott G Filler
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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115
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Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. Crit Care Med 2021; 49:e1063-e1143. [PMID: 34605781 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 970] [Impact Index Per Article: 323.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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116
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Identification of Key Exosome Gene Signature in Mediating Coronary Heart Disease by Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3440498. [PMID: 34692829 PMCID: PMC8536412 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3440498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent disease with an unelucidated pathogenetic mechanism and is mediated by complex molecular interactions of exosomes. Here, we aimed to identify differentially expressed exosome genes for the disease development and prognosis of CHD. Method Six CHD samples and 32 normal samples were downloaded from the exoRbase database to identify the candidate genes in the CHD. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. And then, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to investigate the modules in coexpressed genes between CHD samples and normal samples. DEGs and the module of the WGCNA were intersected to obtain the most relevant exosome genes. After that, the function enrichment analyses and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) were performed for the particular module using STRING and Cytoscape software. Finally, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the immune infiltration of exosome genes between CHD samples and normal samples. Result We obtain a total of 715 overlapping exosome genes located at the intersection of the DEGs and key modules. The Gene Ontology enrichment of DEGs in the blue module included inflammatory response, neutrophil degranulation, and activation of CHD. In addition, protein-protein networks were constructed, and hub genes were identified, such as LYZ, CAMP, HP, ORM1, and LTF. The immune infiltration profiles varied significantly between normal controls and CHD. Finally, we found that mast cells activated and eosinophils had a positive correlation. B cell memory had a significant negative correlation with B cell naive. Besides, neutrophils and mast cells were significantly increased in CHD patients. Conclusion The underlying mechanism may be related to neutrophil degranulation and the immune response. The hub genes and the difference in immune infiltration identified in the present study may provide new insights into the diagnostic and provide candidate targets for CHD.
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Mohanty S, Kamolvit W, Zambrana S, Gonzales E, Tovi J, Brismar K, Östenson CG, Brauner A. HIF-1 mediated activation of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in type 2 diabetic patients. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:101-113. [PMID: 34651203 PMCID: PMC8724101 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Infections are common in patients with diabetes, but increasing antibiotic resistance hampers successful bacterial clearance and calls for alternative treatment strategies. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is known to influence the innate immune defense and could therefore serve as a possible target. However, the impact of high glucose on HIF-1 has received little attention and merits closer investigation. Here, we show that higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and CAMP, encoding for the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, LL-37, correlate with HIF-1 in type 2 diabetic patients. Chemical activation of HIF-1 further enhanced LL-37, IL-1β, and IL-8 in human uroepithelial cells exposed to high glucose. Moreover, HIF-1 activation of transurethrally infected diabetic mice resulted in lower bacterial load. Drugs activating HIF-1 could therefore in the future potentially have a therapeutic role in clearing bacteria in diabetic patients with infections where antibiotic treatment failed. Key messages • Mohanty et al. “HIF-1 mediated activation of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in type 2 diabetic patients.” • Our study highlights induction of the antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, and strengthening of the innate immunity through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in diabetes. • Our key observations are: 1. HIF-1 activation increased LL-37 expression in human urothelial cells treated with high glucose. In line with that, we demonstrated that patients with type 2 diabetes living at high altitude had increased levels of the LL-37. 2. HIF-1 activation increased IL-1β and IL-8 in human uroepithelial cells treated with high glucose concentration. 3. Pharmacological activation of HIF-1 decreased bacterial load in the urinary bladder of mice with hereditary diabetes. • We conclude that enhancing HIF-1 may along with antibiotics in the future contribute to the treatment in selected patient groups where traditional therapy is not possible. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00109-021-02134-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Witchuda Kamolvit
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Silvia Zambrana
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Area de Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Y Bioquimicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmaco Bioquimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Eduardo Gonzales
- Area de Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Y Bioquimicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmaco Bioquimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | - Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Silva-Carvalho AÉ, Cardoso MH, Alencar-Silva T, Bogéa GMR, Carvalho JL, Franco OL, Saldanha-Araujo F. Dissecting the relationship between antimicrobial peptides and mesenchymal stem cells. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108021. [PMID: 34637839 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the various biological properties presented by Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), their ability to control the immune response and fight pathogen infection through the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been the subject of intense research in recent years. AMPs secreted by MSCs exhibit activity against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and viruses. The main AMPs produced by these cells are hepcidin, cathelicidin LL-37, and β-defensin-2. In addition to acting against pathogens, those AMPs have also been shown to interact with MSCs to modulate MSC proliferation, migration, and regeneration, indicating that such peptides exert a more diverse biological effect than initially thought. In the present review, we discuss the production of AMPs by MSCs, revise the multiple functions of these peptides, including their influence over MSCs, and present an overview of clinical situations in which the antimicrobial properties of MSCs may be explored for therapy. Finally, we discuss possibilities of combining MSCs and AMPs to generate improved therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandda Évelin Silva-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Thuany Alencar-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Muller Reche Bogéa
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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119
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Yang Q, Liu J, Robinson KJ, Whitmore MA, Stewart SN, Zhang G. Perturbations of the ileal mycobiota by necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:107. [PMID: 34625122 PMCID: PMC8501549 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal microbiota is critical for maintaining animal health and homeostasis. However, involvement of the fungal community, also known as the mycobiota, in animal health and disease is poorly understood. This study was aimed to examine the association between the intestinal mycobiota and the severity of necrotic enteritis (NE), an economically significant poultry disease. Methods A total of 90 day-of-hatch Cobb broilers were infected with Eimeria maxima on d 10, followed by an oral challenge with C. perfringens on d 14 to induce NE, while another 10 broilers were served as mock-infected controls. On d 17, the lesions in the jejunum were scored, and the ileal digesta were subjected to DNA isolation and real-time PCR quantification of total bacterial and fungi populations. Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) amplicon sequencing was also performed to profile the ileal mycobiota composition. Changes in the ileal mycobiota in response to NE were investigated. Spearman correlation analysis was further conducted to identify the correlations between relative abundances of individual ileal fungi and the severity of NE. Results While the total bacterial population in the ileum was increased by 2- to 3-fold in NE chickens, the total fungal population was progressively declined in more exacerbated NE, with the most severely infected chickens showing a nearly 50-fold reduction relative to mock-infected controls. Richness of the ileal mycobiota also tended to reduce in chickens with NE (P = 0.06). Compositionally, among 30 most abundant fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), 11 were diminished and 7 were enriched (P < 0.05), while 12 remained largely unchanged in NE-afflicted chickens (P > 0.05). Multiple Wallemia and Aspergillus species were markedly diminished in NE (P < 0.05) and also showed a significant negative correlation with NE severity (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dysbiosis of the ileal mycobiota is induced evidently by NE and the extent of the dysbiosis is positively correlated with disease severity. These findings suggest a possible role of the intestinal mycobiota in NE pathogenesis and highlight the mycobiota as a new potential target for NE mitigation in poultry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00628-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Kelsy J Robinson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.,Present address: Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Melanie A Whitmore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Sydney N Stewart
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.,Present address: Safety and Security Division, Institute for Public Research, CNA, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, Antonelli M, Coopersmith CM, French C, Machado FR, Mcintyre L, Ostermann M, Prescott HC, Schorr C, Simpson S, Wiersinga WJ, Alshamsi F, Angus DC, Arabi Y, Azevedo L, Beale R, Beilman G, Belley-Cote E, Burry L, Cecconi M, Centofanti J, Coz Yataco A, De Waele J, Dellinger RP, Doi K, Du B, Estenssoro E, Ferrer R, Gomersall C, Hodgson C, Møller MH, Iwashyna T, Jacob S, Kleinpell R, Klompas M, Koh Y, Kumar A, Kwizera A, Lobo S, Masur H, McGloughlin S, Mehta S, Mehta Y, Mer M, Nunnally M, Oczkowski S, Osborn T, Papathanassoglou E, Perner A, Puskarich M, Roberts J, Schweickert W, Seckel M, Sevransky J, Sprung CL, Welte T, Zimmerman J, Levy M. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med 2021; 47:1181-1247. [PMID: 34599691 PMCID: PMC8486643 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-021-06506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1585] [Impact Index Per Article: 528.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evans
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Andrew Rhodes
- Adult Critical Care, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust & St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Waleed Alhazzani
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Flávia R Machado
- Anesthesiology, Pain and Intensive Care Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Hospital of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hallie C Prescott
- University of Michigan and VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Steven Simpson
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- ESCMID Study Group for Bloodstream Infections, Endocarditis and Sepsis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fayez Alshamsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Derek C Angus
- University of Pittsburgh Critical Care Medicine CRISMA Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yaseen Arabi
- Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Luciano Azevedo
- School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Burry
- Mount Sinai Hospital & University of Toronto (Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maurizio Cecconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - John Centofanti
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Angel Coz Yataco
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center/University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Kent Doi
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bin Du
- Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Elisa Estenssoro
- Hospital Interzonal de Agudos San Martin de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricard Ferrer
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carol Hodgson
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Morten Hylander Møller
- Department of Intensive Care 4131, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Shevin Jacob
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Michael Klompas
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Younsuck Koh
- ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anand Kumar
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Arthur Kwizera
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Suzana Lobo
- Intensive Care Division, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henry Masur
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Yatin Mehta
- Medanta the Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Mervyn Mer
- Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mark Nunnally
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Oczkowski
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tiffany Osborn
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Puskarich
- University of Minnesota/Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason Roberts
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | | | | | | | - Charles L Sprung
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tobias Welte
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Janice Zimmerman
- World Federation of Intensive and Critical Care, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mitchell Levy
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island & Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Mao X, Ma J, Jiao C, Tang N, Zhao X, Wang D, Zhang Y, Ye Z, Xu C, Jiang J, Wu S, Cui X, Zhang H, Qiu X. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Attenuates DSS-Induced Colitis by Inhibiting the Colonization and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100433. [PMID: 34558816 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Intestinal commensal microbiota interactions play critical roles in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) development. Candida albicans (CA) can aggravate intestinal inflammation; however, whether Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (FP) can antagonize CA is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS CA are co-cultured with bacteria (FP and Escherichia coli (EC)), bacterial supernatant, and bacterial medium, respectively. Then, the CA hyphae-specific genes' expression and CA cells' morphology are investigated. The Nod-like receptor pyrin-containing protein 6 (NLRP6) inflammasome, inflammatory cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) production are evaluated in intestinal epithelial cells pre-treated with bacteria, bacterial med, and bacterial supernatant and exposed without or with CA. Both bacteria significantly prohibit CA numbers, while only FP and FP supernatant prohibit the transformation and virulence factors (extracellular phospholipase, secreted aspartyl proteinase, and hemolysin) secretion of CA in a co-culture system compared with media controls. Further, FP and FP supernatant promote the production of the NLRP6 inflammasome, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and antibacterial peptides (β-defensin (BD)-2 and BD-3) and inhibit in vitro and in vivo CA growth and pathogenicity, and alleviate DSS-colitis in mice, while EC do not show the similar effect. CONCLUSION FP improve intestinal inflammation by inhibiting CA reproduction, colonization, and pathogenicity and inducing AMP secretion in the gut. This study uncovers new relationships between intestinal microbes and fungi in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqiong Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhua Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziping Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyue Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufang Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyun Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Pandiyan P, McCormick TS. Regulation of IL-17A-Producing Cells in Skin Inflammatory Disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:867-875. [PMID: 34561088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the IL-17A family of cytokines produced by T lymphocytes and other immune cells and how they are involved in cutaneous pathogenic responses. It will also discuss cutaneous dysbiosis and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the context of inflammatory conditions linked to IL-17 responses in the skin. Specifically, it will review key literature on chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Thomas S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Li J, Jin ZH, Li JS, Su LY, Wang YX, Zhang Y, Qin DM, Rao GX, Wang RR. Activity of Compound Agrimony Enteritis Capsules against invasive candidiasis: Exploring the differences between traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and its main components in the treatment of diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114201. [PMID: 34015365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Compound Agrimony Enteritis Capsules (FFXHC) is an ethnomedicine derived from Yi Nationality Herbal Medicine for the treatment of enteritis. We found that compared to berberine hydrochloride (BBR), a component of this medicine, FFXHC was more efficacious in the mouse model of IC mice in significantly alleviating lung and intestinal lesions. " Our study provides a novel perspective into the pharmacological mechanism of action of the ethnic compound FFXHC. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the underlying mechanism of the superiority of FFXHC over BBR in IC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The susceptibility of Candida albicans to FFXHC was evaluated in vitro. The mouse model of IC was established and the survival rate, weight change, the number of organ colonies, and immune organ coefficient of the mice were determined, the effect of FFXHC on the immune function of mice, including changes in the number of immune cells, levels of the related inflammatory cytokines (INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-17A), and the antimicrobial peptide, LL-37 (CRAMP in mice), were determined. Mice feces were collected and changes in the intestinal microecology were studied. RESULTS Our findings indicated that FFXHC was not active against Candida albicans and did not restore the sensitivity of the resistant strain in vitro; however, it had a therapeutic effect that improve survival rate on mice with IC. The number of lymphocytes and neutrophils of mice with IC treated with FFXHC increased significantly. The intestinal microecology of mice was restored and the abundance of the probiotic Bacteroides was increased, which further stimulated the production of the antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, which is required for acquired immunity. Furthermore, the levels of Th cell-related cytokines, including INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A were significantly increased, whereas those of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and MCP-1, decreased. With the activation of acquired immunity, the immune function of mice was restored, the body weight and survival rate of mice improved considerably, the coefficients of the thymus and spleen increased, and the number of fungal colonies in the lung and kidney decreased. CONCLUSIONS FFXHC could eliminate fungi by increasing the relative abundance of probiotics in Bacteroides and the number of neutrophils, thereby promoting the production of CRAMP and resulting in a fungicidal effect, leading to acquired immunity. Although BBR has an antifungal effect, we found that it was not as effective as FFXHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ze-Hua Jin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Liu-Yan Su
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ying-Xian Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ding-Mei Qin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Gao-Xiong Rao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. Microbiota and epigenetics: promising therapeutic approaches? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49343-49361. [PMID: 34319520 PMCID: PMC8316543 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The direct/indirect responsibility of the gut microbiome in disease induction in and outside the digestive tract is well studied. These results are usually from the overpopulation of certain species on the cost of others, interaction with beneficial microflora, interference with normal epigenetic control mechanisms, or suppression of the immune system. Consequently, it is theoretically possible to cure such disorders by rebalancing the microbiome inside our bodies. This can be achieved by changing the lifestyle pattern and diet or by supplementation with beneficial bacteria or their metabolites. Various approaches have been explored to manipulate the normal microbial inhabitants, including nutraceutical, supplementations with prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics, or through microbiome transplantation (fecal, skin, or vaginal microbiome transplantation). In the present review, the interaction between the microbiome and epigenetics and their role in disease induction is discussed. Possible future therapeutic approaches via the reestablishment of equilibrium in our internal micro-ecosystem are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Identification of Clinical Isolates of Candida albicans with Increased Fitness in Colonization of the Murine Gut. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090695. [PMID: 34575733 PMCID: PMC8468482 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal and opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans is an important cause of fungal diseases in humans, with the gastrointestinal tract being an important reservoir for its infections. The study of the mechanisms promoting the C. albicans commensal state has attracted considerable attention over the last few years, and several studies have focused on the identification of the intestinal human mycobiota and the characterization of Candida genes involved in its establishment as a commensal. In this work, we have barcoded 114 clinical C. albicans isolates to identify strains with an enhanced fitness in a murine gastrointestinal commensalism model. The 114 barcoded clinical isolates were pooled in four groups of 28 to 30 strains that were inoculated by gavage in mice previously treated with antibacterial therapy. Eight strains that either exhibited higher colonization load and/or remained in the gut after antibiotic removal were selected. The phenotypic analysis of these strains compared to an RFP-tagged SC5314 wild type strain did not reveal any specific trait associated with its increased colonization; all strains were able to filament and six of the eight strains displayed invasive growth on Spider medium. Analysis of one of these strains, CaORAL3, revealed that although mice required previous bacterial microbiota reduction with antibiotics to be able to be colonized, removal of this procedure could take place the same day (or even before) Candida inoculation. This strain was able to colonize the intestine of mice already colonized with Candida without antibiotic treatment in co-housing experiments. CaORAL3 was also able to be established as a commensal in mice previously colonized by another (CaHG43) or the same (CaORAL3) C. albicans strain. Therefore, we have identified C. albicans isolates that display higher colonization load than the standard strain SC5314 which will surely facilitate the analysis of the factors that regulate fungal colonization.
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126
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Musumeci S, Coen M, Leidi A, Schrenzel J. The human gut mycobiome and the specific role of Candida albicans: where do we stand, as clinicians? Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 28:58-63. [PMID: 34363944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The so-called 'mycobiome' has progressively acquired interest and increased the complexity of our understanding of the human gut microbiota. Several questions are arising concerning the role of fungi (and in particular of Candida albicans), the so-called 'mycobiome', that has been neglected for a long time and only recently gained interest within the scientific community. There is no consensus on mycobiome normobiosis because of its instability and variability. This review aims to raise awareness about this interesting topic and provide a framework to guide physicians faced with such questions. OBJECTIVES To summarize current knowledge and discuss current and potential implications of the mycobiome in clinical practice. SOURCES We performed a review of the existing literature in Medline Pubmed. CONTENT This review identifies several studies showing associations between specific mycobiome profiles and health. Fungi represent a significant biomass within the microbiota and several factors, such as diet, sex, age, co-morbidities, medications, immune status and inter-kingdom interactions, can influence its structure and population. The human gut mycobiota is indeed a key factor for several physiological processes (e.g. training of the immune system against infections) and pathological processes (e.g. immunological/inflammatory disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic syndromes). Moreover, the mycobiome (and C. albicans in particular) could influence an even broader spectrum of conditions such as psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) or chronic viral infections (human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus); moreover, it could be implicated in tumorigenesis. IMPLICATIONS Candida albicans is a well-known opportunistic pathogen and a major component of the mycobiome but its role in the gastrointestinal tract is still poorly understood. From a potential screening biomarker to a key factor for several pathological processes, its presence could influence or even modify our clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Musumeci
- Service of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Coen
- Service of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Antonio Leidi
- Service of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Genomic Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Pral LP, Fachi JL, Corrêa RO, Colonna M, Vinolo MAR. Hypoxia and HIF-1 as key regulators of gut microbiota and host interactions. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:604-621. [PMID: 34171295 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) availability is a key factor regulating microbiota composition and the homeostatic function of cells in the intestinal mucosa of vertebrates. Microbiota-derived metabolites increase O2 consumption by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), reducing its availability in the gut and leading to hypoxia. This physiological hypoxia activates cellular hypoxic sensors that adapt the metabolism and function of IECs and mucosa-resident cells, such as type-3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). In this review, we discuss recent evidence suggesting that the intricate and multidirectional interactions among the microbiota, hypoxia/hypoxic sensors, and mammalian host cells (IECs and ILC3s) determine how the intestinal barrier and host-microbiota-pathogens connections are molded. Understanding these interactions might provide new treatment possibilities for dysbiosis, as well as certain inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís P Pral
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José L Fachi
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Renan O Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Marco A R Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, Campinas, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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128
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Baldewijns S, Sillen M, Palmans I, Vandecruys P, Van Dijck P, Demuyser L. The Role of Fatty Acid Metabolites in Vaginal Health and Disease: Application to Candidiasis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705779. [PMID: 34276639 PMCID: PMC8282898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the vast majority of women encounters at least one vaginal infection during their life, the amount of microbiome-related research performed in this area lags behind compared to alternative niches such as the intestinal tract. As a result, effective means of diagnosis and treatment, especially of recurrent infections, are limited. The role of the metabolome in vaginal health is largely elusive. It has been shown that lactate produced by the numerous lactobacilli present promotes health by limiting the chance of infection. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) have been mainly linked to dysbiosis, although the causality of this relationship is still under debate. In this review, we aim to bring together information on the role of the vaginal metabolome and microbiome in infections caused by Candida. Vulvovaginal candidiasis affects near to 70% of all women at least once in their life with a significant proportion of women suffering from the recurrent variant. We assess the role of fatty acid metabolites, mainly SCFA and lactate, in onset of infection and virulence of the fungal pathogen. In addition, we pinpoint where lack of research limits our understanding of the molecular processes involved and restricts the possibility of developing novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Baldewijns
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mart Sillen
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Palmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Vandecruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Demuyser
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
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Ghanem S, Kim CJ, Dutta D, Salifu M, Lim SH. Antimicrobial therapy during cancer treatment: Beyond antibacterial effects. J Intern Med 2021; 290:40-56. [PMID: 33372309 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment options have evolved to include immunotherapy and targeted therapy, in addition to traditional chemoradiation. Chemoradiation places the patient at a higher risk of infection through a myelosuppressive effect. High clinical suspicion and early use of antimicrobials play a major role in decreasing any associated morbidity and mortality. This has led to a widespread use of antimicrobials in cancer patients. Antimicrobial use, however, does not come without its perils. Dysbiosis caused by antimicrobial use affects responses to chemotherapeutic agents and is prognostic in the development and severity of certain cancer treatment-related complications such as graft-versus-host disease and Clostridioides difficile infections. Studies have also demonstrated that an intact gut microbiota is essential in the anticancer immune response. Antimicrobial use can therefore modulate responses and outcomes with immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints. In this review, we highlight the perils associated with antimicrobial use during cancer therapy and the importance of a more judicious approach. We discuss the nature of the pathologic changes in the gut microbiota resulting from antimicrobial use. We explore the effect these changes have on responses and outcomes to different cancer treatment modalities including chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as potential adverse clinical consequences in the setting of stem cell transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghanem
- From the, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - C J Kim
- From the, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - D Dutta
- From the, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - M Salifu
- From the, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - S H Lim
- From the, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Ventin-Holmberg R, Eberl A, Saqib S, Korpela K, Virtanen S, Sipponen T, Salonen A, Saavalainen P, Nissilä E. Bacterial and Fungal Profiles as Markers of Infliximab Drug Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1019-1031. [PMID: 33300552 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel diseases [IBDs], Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC], are globally increasing chronic gastro-intestinal inflammatory disorders associated with altered gut microbiota. Infliximab [IFX], a tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha blocker, is used to treat IBD patients successfully, though one-third of the patients do not respond to therapy. No reliable biomarkers are available for prediction of IFX response. Our aims were to investigate the faecal bacterial and fungal communities during IFX therapy and find predictors for IFX treatment response in IBD patients. METHODS A total of 72 IBD patients [25 CD and 47 UC] started IFX therapy and were followed for 1 year or until IFX treatment was discontinued. An amplicon sequencing approach, targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS 1 region separately, was used to determine the microbiota profiles in faecal samples collected before IFX therapy and 2, 6, and 12 weeks and 1 year after initiation of therapy. The response to IFX was evaluated by colonoscopy and clinically at 12 weeks after initiation. RESULTS Both faecal bacterial and fungal profiles differed significantly between response groups before start of IFX treatment. Non-responders had lower abundances of short chain fatty acid producers, particularly of the class Clostridia, and higher abundances of pro-inflammatory bacteria and fungi, such as the genus Candida, compared with responders. This was further indicated by bacterial taxa predicting the response in both CD and UC patients [area under the curve >0.8]. CONCLUSIONS Faecal bacterial and fungal microbiota composition could provide a predictive tool to estimate IFX response in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Eberl
- Department of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Schahzad Saqib
- Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Virtanen
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Sipponen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Saavalainen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Nissilä
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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131
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Zhou Y, Cheng L, Lei YL, Ren B, Zhou X. The Interactions Between Candida albicans and Mucosal Immunity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:652725. [PMID: 34234752 PMCID: PMC8255368 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.652725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosa protects the body against external pathogen invasion. However, pathogen colonies on the mucosa can invade the mucosa when the immunosurveillance is compromised, causing mucosal infection and subsequent diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to timely and effectively monitor and control pathogenic microorganisms through mucosal immunity. Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungi on the mucosa. The C. albicans colonies proliferate and increase their virulence, causing severe infectious diseases and even death, especially in immunocompromised patients. The normal host mucosal immune defense inhibits pathogenic C. albicans through stepwise processes, such as pathogen recognition, cytokine production, and immune cell phagocytosis. Herein, the current advances in the interactions between C. albicans and host mucosal immune defenses have been summarized to improve understanding on the immune mechanisms against fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu L. Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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132
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Mishra AA, Koh AY. The microbial and host factors that govern Candida gastrointestinal colonization and dissemination. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 63:29-35. [PMID: 34111679 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Candida species are among the most prevalent and abundant members of the gut mycobiota, with Candida albicans (CA) being the most prominent member. CA colonizes numerous mucosal surfaces, most notably the gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary tracts. In a healthy host, CA is a pathobiont that exists as a commensal but can become pathogenic if the host's immune system becomes suppressed. The microbial and/or host factors that dictate CA's ability to colonize mucosal surfaces and its ability to disseminate remain of great interest. Here, we review the recent advances and insights regarding Candida colonization and dissemination of the mammalian GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Anand Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andrew Y Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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133
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Candida albicans triggers qualitative and temporal responses in gut bacteria. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101164. [PMID: 34147760 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and fungi are collectively beneficial in maintaining the balance of the gut microflora and preventing gastrointestinal diseases. However, the contributions of specific bacterial species in response to fungal dysbiosis in the gut remain poorly defined. Here, to understand the dynamic changes, we established acute a challenge with Candida albicans in mice treated without antibiotics and analyzed the changes in the diversity of bacteria during the imbalance in intestinal C. albicans with high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Our results showed significant increases in species diversity after the first day of fungal challenge and the restoration of balance among the gut microflora on the third day of challenge. To explore the interactions between the intestinal bacteria and C. albicans, the antifungal activities of bacteria isolated from the mouse feces were also determined. Nineteen aerobic bacteria with antifungal activity were identified with whole 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These bacteria were isolated on the first day of challenge more than on the third day. These results suggested that the commensal intestinal bacteria may protect the host against fungal dysbiosis in the gut by altering their own species diversity. The interaction between bacteria and fungi in the gut may be the key to maintaining the dynamic balance of microorganisms in the context of environmental changes.
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Abstract
Complex processes mediate immunity to fungal infections. Responses vary depending on the organism, morphogenic state, and infection site. Innate immune effectors such as epithelia, phagocytes, and soluble molecules detect pathogens, kill fungi, release cytokines, and prime the adaptive response. Adaptive responses to mucocutaneous or invasive disease are markedly different but intersect at certain pathways (molecules required for IL-23 and IL-12 signaling). Many of these pathways have been elucidated from the study of inborn errors of immunity. This review explores the general aspects of antifungal immunity and delves into the mechanisms that mediate protection from frequently encountered fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Fernández-García
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jennifer M Cuellar-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 10 Center Drive, Building 10CRC 3-3264, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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d'Enfert C, Kaune AK, Alaban LR, Chakraborty S, Cole N, Delavy M, Kosmala D, Marsaux B, Fróis-Martins R, Morelli M, Rosati D, Valentine M, Xie Z, Emritloll Y, Warn PA, Bequet F, Bougnoux ME, Bornes S, Gresnigt MS, Hube B, Jacobsen ID, Legrand M, Leibundgut-Landmann S, Manichanh C, Munro CA, Netea MG, Queiroz K, Roget K, Thomas V, Thoral C, Van den Abbeele P, Walker AW, Brown AJP. The impact of the Fungus-Host-Microbiota interplay upon Candida albicans infections: current knowledge and new perspectives. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa060. [PMID: 33232448 PMCID: PMC8100220 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It exists as a commensal in the oral cavity, gut or genital tract of most individuals, constrained by the local microbiota, epithelial barriers and immune defences. Their perturbation can lead to fungal outgrowth and the development of mucosal infections such as oropharyngeal or vulvovaginal candidiasis, and patients with compromised immunity are susceptible to life-threatening systemic infections. The importance of the interplay between fungus, host and microbiota in driving the transition from C. albicans commensalism to pathogenicity is widely appreciated. However, the complexity of these interactions, and the significant impact of fungal, host and microbiota variability upon disease severity and outcome, are less well understood. Therefore, we summarise the features of the fungus that promote infection, and how genetic variation between clinical isolates influences pathogenicity. We discuss antifungal immunity, how this differs between mucosae, and how individual variation influences a person's susceptibility to infection. Also, we describe factors that influence the composition of gut, oral and vaginal microbiotas, and how these affect fungal colonisation and antifungal immunity. We argue that a detailed understanding of these variables, which underlie fungal-host-microbiota interactions, will present opportunities for directed antifungal therapies that benefit vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe d'Enfert
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ann-Kristin Kaune
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Leovigildo-Rey Alaban
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sayoni Chakraborty
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Cole
- Gut Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Margot Delavy
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Daria Kosmala
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Marsaux
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 94, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Fróis-Martins
- Immunology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Moran Morelli
- Mimetas, Biopartner Building 2, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diletta Rosati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marisa Valentine
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zixuan Xie
- Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoan Emritloll
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Peter A Warn
- Magic Bullet Consulting, Biddlecombe House, Ugbrook, Chudleigh Devon, TQ130AD, UK
| | - Frédéric Bequet
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Bornes
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMRF0545, 20 Côte de Reyne, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mélanie Legrand
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Salomé Leibundgut-Landmann
- Immunology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carol A Munro
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karla Queiroz
- Mimetas, Biopartner Building 2, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karine Roget
- NEXBIOME Therapeutics, 22 allée Alan Turing, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Thomas
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Thoral
- NEXBIOME Therapeutics, 22 allée Alan Turing, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alan W Walker
- Gut Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Alistair J P Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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136
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Xue G, Gao R, Liu Z, Xu N, Cao Y, Zhao B, Du J. Vitamin D/VDR signaling inhibits colitis by suppressing HIF-1α activation in colonic epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G837-G846. [PMID: 33759562 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00061.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling is reported to have a protective effect on the onset or progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) activation is demonstrated to be closely associated with chemical-induced colitis. However, the association between vitamin D/VDR signaling and HIF-1α on IBD development remains a mystery. Here, we showed that HIF-1α expression was largely increased in the colonic epithelial cells of diseased tissues from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Consistently, HIF-1α activation was also improved in colonic epithelial cells upon TNFα treatment in a NF-κB pathway-dependent manner. HIF-1α inhibitors treatments ameliorated 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)- or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in animal models. In cell or colitis animal models, vitamin D/VDR signaling suppressed HIF-1α overexpression in colonic epithelial cells via regulating NF-κB pathway, resulting in the inhibition of IFNγ and IL-1β overproductions in these cells. Collectively, these data suggest that vitamin D/VDR signaling relieves colitis development in animal models, at least in part, by suppressing HIF-1α expression in colonic epithelial cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates vitamin D/VDR signaling inhibits colitis by suppressing HIF-1α activation in colonic epithelial cells. Since the effect of vitamin D/VDR signaling is only apparent on patients who seem to be vitamin D deficient, the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in patients who are not vitamin D deficient need to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Xu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Du
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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137
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Guo J, Han X, Huang W, You Y, Zhan J. Gut dysbiosis during early life: causes, health outcomes, and amelioration via dietary intervention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7199-7221. [PMID: 33909528 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1912706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The colonization and maturation of gut microbiota (GM) is a delicate and precise process, which continues to influence not only infancy and childhood but also adulthood health by affecting immunity. However, many perinatal factors, including gestational age, delivery mode, antibiotic administration, feeding mode, and environmental and maternal factors, can disturb this well-designed process, increasing the morbidity of various gut dysbiosis-related diseases, such as type-1-diabetes, allergies, necrotizing enterocolitis, and obesity. In this review, we discussed the early-life colonization and maturation of the GM, factors influencing this process, and diseases related to the disruption of this process. Moreover, we focused on discussing dietary interventions, including probiotics, oligosaccharides, nutritional supplementation, and exclusive enteral nutrition, in ameliorating early-life dysbiosis and diseases related to it. Furthermore, possible mechanisms, and shortcomings, as well as potential solutions to the drawbacks of dietary interventions, were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielong Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin You
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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138
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Boutin RCT, Petersen C, Woodward SE, Serapio-Palacios A, Bozorgmehr T, Loo R, Chalanuchpong A, Cirstea M, Lo B, Huus KE, Barcik W, Azad MB, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Sears MR, Subbarao P, McNagny KM, Turvey SE, Finlay BB. Bacterial-fungal interactions in the neonatal gut influence asthma outcomes later in life. eLife 2021; 10:e67740. [PMID: 33876729 PMCID: PMC8075585 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial members of the infant gut microbiota and bacterial-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been shown to be protective against childhood asthma, but a role for the fungal microbiota in asthma etiology remains poorly defined. We recently reported an association between overgrowth of the yeast Pichia kudriavzevii in the gut microbiota of Ecuadorian infants and increased asthma risk. In the present study, we replicated these findings in Canadian infants and investigated a causal association between early life gut fungal dysbiosis and later allergic airway disease (AAD). In a mouse model, we demonstrate that overgrowth of P. kudriavzevii within the neonatal gut exacerbates features of type-2 and -17 inflammation during AAD later in life. We further show that P. kudriavzevii growth and adherence to gut epithelial cells are altered by SCFAs. Collectively, our results underscore the potential for leveraging inter-kingdom interactions when designing putative microbiota-based asthma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozlyn CT Boutin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Sarah E Woodward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | | | - Tahereh Bozorgmehr
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Rachelle Loo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Alina Chalanuchpong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Mihai Cirstea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Bernard Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Kelsey E Huus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Weronika Barcik
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- School of Public Health, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | | | | | - Padmaja Subbarao
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Department of Medical Genetics University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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139
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Daniel S, Pusadkar V, McDonald J, Mirpuri J, Azad RK, Goven A, Lund AK. Traffic generated emissions alter the lung microbiota by promoting the expansion of Proteobacteria in C57Bl/6 mice placed on a high-fat diet. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112035. [PMID: 33581487 PMCID: PMC7989785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been documented to contribute to severe respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Although these diseases demonstrate a shift in the lung microbiota towards Proteobacteria, the effects of traffic generated emissions on lung microbiota profiles have not been well-characterized. Thus, we investigated the hypothesis that exposure to traffic-generated emissions can alter lung microbiota and immune defenses. Since a large population of the Western world consumes a diet rich in fats, we sought to investigate the synergistic effects of mixed vehicle emissions and high-fat diet consumption. We exposed 3-month-old male C57Bl/6 mice placed either on regular chow (LF) or a high-fat (HF: 45% kcal fat) diet to mixed emissions (ME: 30 µg PM/m3 gasoline engine emissions+70 µg PM/m3 diesel engine emissions) or filtered air (FA) for 6 h/d, 7 d/wk for 30 days. Levels of pulmonary immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgM were analyzed by ELISA, and lung microbial profiling was done using qPCR and Illumina 16 S sequencing. We observed a significant decrease in lung IgA in the ME-exposed animals, compared to the FA-exposed animals, both fed a HF diet. Our results also revealed a significant decrease in lung IgG in the ME-exposed animals both on the LF diet and HF diet, in comparison to the FA-exposed animals. We also observed an expansion of Enterobacteriaceae belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum in the ME-exposed groups on the HF diet. Collectively, we show that the combined effects of ME and HF diet result in decreased immune surveillance and lung bacterial dysbiosis, which is of significance in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Daniel
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Vaidehi Pusadkar
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Jacob McDonald
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Julie Mirpuri
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rajeev K Azad
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Art Goven
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Amie K Lund
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
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140
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Fungi of the human gut microbiota: Roles and significance. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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141
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Crossing Kingdoms: How the Mycobiota and Fungal-Bacterial Interactions Impact Host Health and Disease. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00648-20. [PMID: 33526565 PMCID: PMC8090948 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00648-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “microbiota” invokes images of mucosal surfaces densely populated with bacteria. These surfaces and the luminal compartments they form indeed predominantly harbor bacteria. The term “microbiota” invokes images of mucosal surfaces densely populated with bacteria. These surfaces and the luminal compartments they form indeed predominantly harbor bacteria. However, research from this past decade has started to complete the picture by focusing on important but largely neglected constituents of the microbiota: fungi, viruses, and archaea. The community of commensal fungi, also called the mycobiota, interacts with commensal bacteria and the host. It is thus not surprising that changes in the mycobiota have significant impact on host health and are associated with pathological conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review we will give an overview of why the mycobiota is an important research area and different mycobiota research tools. We will specifically focus on distinguishing transient and actively colonizing fungi of the oral and gut mycobiota and their roles in health and disease. In addition to correlative and observational studies, we will discuss mechanistic studies on specific cross-kingdom interactions of fungi, bacteria, and the host.
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142
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Integrative Transkingdom Analysis of the Gut Microbiome in Antibiotic Perturbation and Critical Illness. mSystems 2021; 6:6/2/e01148-20. [PMID: 33727397 PMCID: PMC8546997 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01148-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial microbiota play a critical role in mediating local and systemic immunity, and shifts in these microbial communities have been linked to impaired outcomes in critical illness. Emerging data indicate that other intestinal organisms, including bacteriophages, viruses of eukaryotes, fungi, and protozoa, are closely interlinked with the bacterial microbiota and their host, yet their collective role during antibiotic perturbation and critical illness remains to be elucidated. We employed multi-omics factor analysis (MOFA) to systematically integrate the bacterial (16S rRNA), fungal (intergenic transcribed spacer 1 rRNA), and viral (virus discovery next-generation sequencing) components of the intestinal microbiota of 33 critically ill patients with and without sepsis and 13 healthy volunteers. In addition, we quantified the absolute abundances of bacteria and fungi using 16S and 18S rRNA PCRs and characterized the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, acetate, and propionate using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We observe that a loss of the anaerobic intestinal environment is directly correlated with an overgrowth of aerobic pathobionts and their corresponding bacteriophages as well as an absolute enrichment of opportunistic yeasts capable of causing invasive disease. We also observed a strong depletion of SCFAs in both disease states, which was associated with an increased absolute abundance of fungi with respect to bacteria. Therefore, these findings illustrate the complexity of transkingdom changes following disruption of the intestinal bacterial microbiome. IMPORTANCE While numerous studies have characterized antibiotic-induced disruptions of the bacterial microbiome, few studies describe how these disruptions impact the composition of other kingdoms such as viruses, fungi, and protozoa. To address this knowledge gap, we employed MOFA to systematically integrate viral, fungal, and bacterial sequence data from critically ill patients (with and without sepsis) and healthy volunteers, both prior to and following exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics. In doing so, we show that modulation of the bacterial component of the microbiome has implications extending beyond this kingdom alone, enabling the overgrowth of potentially invasive fungi and viruses. While numerous preclinical studies have described similar findings in vitro, we confirm these observations in humans using an integrative analytic approach. These findings underscore the potential value of multi-omics data integration tools in interrogating how different components of the microbiota contribute to disease states. In addition, our findings suggest that there is value in further studying potential adjunctive therapies using anaerobic bacteria or SCFAs to reduce fungal expansion after antibiotic exposure, which could ultimately lead to improved outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU).
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143
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Wu X, Xia Y, He F, Zhu C, Ren W. Intestinal mycobiota in health and diseases: from a disrupted equilibrium to clinical opportunities. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:60. [PMID: 33715629 PMCID: PMC7958491 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi establish a complex ecosystem in the gut. Like other microbiota, gut mycobiota plays an indispensable role in modulating intestinal physiology. Notably, the most striking characteristics of intestinal fungi are their extraintestinal functions. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the importance of gut fungi in the regulation of intestinal, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, pancreatic, and brain functions, and we present possible opportunities for the application of gut mycobiota to alleviate/treat human diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Fang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
| | - Congrui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS USA
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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144
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Alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles coincide with intestinal damage in mice with a bloodborne Candida albicans infection. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104826. [PMID: 33689815 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that can threaten life especially in patients with candidemia. The morbidity and mortality of candidemia originating from a central venous catheter (CVC) and illicit intravenous drug use (IVDU) are increasing. However, the mechanism underlying the bloodborne C. albicans infection remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated the gut microbiome, metabolites and intestinal mucosa by constructing the mouse models with candidemia. Model mice were injected with C. albicans via tail vein. Control mice underwent sham procedures. We observed basic life characteristics, intestinal damage-related alterations using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, intestinal tight junction protein levels, and intestinal permeability in these mice. Fecal samples were analyzed by performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the microbiota and LC-MS metabolomics to reveal the perturbations in intestinal flora and metabolism exacerbating intestinal damage. Weight loss, a decreased survival rate, C. albicans infection spread, and colonic epithelial damage occurred in the model group. Furthermore, the intestinal flora abundance was reduced. Several probiotics, such as Lactobacillus, and butyrate-producing bacteria, including Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridia, were depleted, and some pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia-Shigella and Proteus, belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum, and the inflammation mediators Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides were enriched in model mice. Multiple differentially altered metabolic pathways were observed and mainly related to bile acid, arachidonic acid, bile secretion, and arachidonic acid metabolism. This study illustrated the effects of a bloodborne C. albicans on the intestinal microbiota, metabolites, and intestinal barrier, which may provide new insights into tests or treatments for candidemia originating from CVC or IVDU.
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145
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Abstract
It is now well understood that the eukaryotic host has evolved multiple mechanisms to monitor and respond to the diverse and biochemically active microbiota that thrives in a symbiotic fashion in the gut and other tissues. Generally, these mechanisms are based on traditional notions of innate and adaptive immune processes, which are mediated by recognition of, and response to, microbially derived macromolecules. Microbes themselves are metabolically active and contribute a vast array of small molecules, not present in germ-free model systems, with diverse putative and unknown biological function, and intensive work is ongoing to unravel their roles in physiological systems. Metazoans have evolved and maintain distinct gene regulatory networks to detect and respond to environmental, non-self-molecules (xenobiotics), and interestingly, recent investigation has shown that these pathways are operational in the detection and response to microbiota-derived small metabolites. These processes likely represent a general mechanism of host-microbe crosstalk, and they have clinical implications in drug and xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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146
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Abstract
Candida auris colonizes human skin and causes life-threatening fungal bloodstream infections. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Huang et al. introduce a murine model of C. auris skin colonization to explore the role of distinct clades, immune signaling pathways, antibiotics, and disinfectants on fungal persistence in or clearance from its habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhai
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thierry Rolling
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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147
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Doron I, Leonardi I, Li XV, Fiers WD, Semon A, Bialt-DeCelie M, Migaud M, Gao IH, Lin WY, Kusakabe T, Puel A, Iliev ID. Human gut mycobiota tune immunity via CARD9-dependent induction of anti-fungal IgG antibodies. Cell 2021; 184:1017-1031.e14. [PMID: 33548172 PMCID: PMC7936855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies mediate natural and vaccine-induced immunity against viral and bacterial pathogens, whereas fungi represent a widespread kingdom of pathogenic species for which neither vaccine nor neutralizing antibody therapies are clinically available. Here, using a multi-kingdom antibody profiling (multiKAP) approach, we explore the human antibody repertoires against gut commensal fungi (mycobiota). We identify species preferentially targeted by systemic antibodies in humans, with Candida albicans being the major inducer of antifungal immunoglobulin G (IgG). Fungal colonization of the gut induces germinal center (GC)-dependent B cell expansion in extraintestinal lymphoid tissues and generates systemic antibodies that confer protection against disseminated C. albicans or C. auris infection. Antifungal IgG production depends on the innate immunity regulator CARD9 and CARD9+CX3CR1+ macrophages. In individuals with invasive candidiasis, loss-of-function mutations in CARD9 are associated with impaired antifungal IgG responses. These results reveal an important role of gut commensal fungi in shaping the human antibody repertoire through CARD9-dependent induction of host-protective antifungal IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Doron
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Irina Leonardi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Xin V Li
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - William D Fiers
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexa Semon
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Meghan Bialt-DeCelie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Iris H Gao
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Woan-Yu Lin
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Takato Kusakabe
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Iliyan D Iliev
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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148
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Gao B, Zhang X, Schnabl B. Fungi-Bacteria Correlation in Alcoholic Hepatitis Patients. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020143. [PMID: 33672887 PMCID: PMC7917833 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease is one of the most prevalent types of chronic liver diseases globally. Alcohol-related liver disease begins with fatty liver, which further develops into hepatic inflammation, hepatocyte injury, and progresses to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Compositional changes of gut bacteria and fungi were found in patients with alcohol-related liver disease. However, the functional changes of fungi and correlations between fungi and bacteria have not been investigated. In this study, we first examined the functional capacity of fungi in patients with alcohol-related liver disease using shotgun metagenomics. Among 24 MetaCyc pathways contributed by fungi, superpathway of allantoin degradation in yeast was enriched in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Furthermore, we compared the predictive power of bacteria versus fungi and found that bacteria performed better than fungi to separate patients with alcoholic hepatitis from non-alcoholic controls and patients with alcohol use disorder. Finally, we investigated the associations between the intestinal fungi and bacteria in alcoholic hepatitis patients. Positive association between fungi and bacteria was found between Cladosporium and Gemmiger, meanwhile negative association was found between Cryptococcus and Pseudomonas in alcoholic hepatitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-822-5311
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149
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Khalid S, Keller NP. Chemical signals driving bacterial-fungal interactions. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:1334-1347. [PMID: 33511714 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms reside in diverse environmental communities where interactions become indispensable due to close physical associations. These interactions are driven by chemical communication among different microbial kingdoms, particularly between fungi and bacteria. Knowledge about these communication signals provides useful information about the nature of microbial interactions and allows predictions of community development in diverse environments. Here, we provide an update on the role of small signalling molecules in fungal-bacterial interactions with focus on agricultural and medicinal environments. This review highlights the range of - and response to - diverse biochemicals produced by both kingdoms with view to harnessing their properties towards drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Khalid
- Department of Microbiology, Women University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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150
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Ponde NO, Lortal L, Ramage G, Naglik JR, Richardson JP. Candida albicans biofilms and polymicrobial interactions. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:91-111. [PMID: 33482069 PMCID: PMC7903066 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1843400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common fungus of the human microbiota. While generally a harmless commensal in healthy individuals, several factors can lead to its overgrowth and cause a range of complications within the host, from localized superficial infections to systemic life-threatening disseminated candidiasis. A major virulence factor of C. albicans is its ability to form biofilms, a closely packed community of cells that can grow on both abiotic and biotic substrates, including implanted medical devices and mucosal surfaces. These biofilms are extremely hard to eradicate, are resistant to conventional antifungal treatment and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, making biofilm-associated infections a major clinical challenge. Here, we review the current knowledge of the processes involved in C. albicans biofilm formation and development, including the central processes of adhesion, extracellular matrix production and the transcriptional network that regulates biofilm development. We also consider the advantages of the biofilm lifestyle and explore polymicrobial interactions within multispecies biofilms that are formed by C. albicans and selected microbial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O. Ponde
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Léa Lortal
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Ramage
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Glasgow Dental School and Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R. Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Richardson
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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