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Tijardović M, Marijančević D, Bok D, Kifer D, Lauc G, Gornik O, Keser T. Intense Physical Exercise Induces an Anti-inflammatory Change in IgG N-Glycosylation Profile. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1522. [PMID: 31920720 PMCID: PMC6933519 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is known to improve many aspects of human health, including modulation of the immune system and inflammatory status. It is generally understood that exercise reduces inflammation, but there are missing links in terms of understanding the mechanisms as well as the differences between exercise modalities. N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and total plasma proteins was previously shown to reflect changes in inflammatory pathways, which could provide valuable information to further clarify exercise effects. In order to further expand the understanding of the relationship between physical activity and inflammation, we examined the effect of intense exercise, in the form of repeated sprint training (RST), on IgG and total plasma proteins N-glycosylation in combination with traditionally used inflammation markers: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and leukocyte count. Twenty-nine male physical education students were separated into treatment (RST, N = 15) and control (N = 14) groups. The RST group completed a 6-week exercise protocol while the control group was instructed to refrain from organized physical activity for the duration of the study. Three blood samples were taken at different time points: prior to start of the training program, the final week of the exercise intervention (EXC), and at the end of the 4-week recovery period (REC). Following the end of the recovery period IgG N-glycosylation profiles showed anti-inflammatory changes in RST group compared to the control group, which manifested as a decrease in agalactosylated (p = 0.0473) and an increase in digalactosylated (p = 0.0473), and monosialylated (p = 0.0339) N-glycans. Plasma protein N-glycans didn’t change significantly, while traditional inflammatory markers also didn’t show significant change in inflammatory status. Observed results demonstrate the potential of intense physical exercise to reduce levels of systemic basal inflammation as well as the potential for IgG N-glycosylation to serve as a sensitive longitudinal systemic inflammation marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Tijardović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Marijančević
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel Bok
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Kifer
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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102
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McLean MR, Lu LL, Kent SJ, Chung AW. An Inflammatory Story: Antibodies in Tuberculosis Comorbidities. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2846. [PMID: 31921122 PMCID: PMC6913197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) resides in a quarter of the world's population and is the causative agent for tuberculosis (TB), the most common infectious reason of death in humans today. Although cellular immunity has been firmly established in the control of Mtb, there is growing evidence that antibodies may also modulate the infection. More specifically, certain antibody features are associated with inflammation and are divergent in different states of human infection and disease. Importantly, TB impacts not just the healthy but also those with chronic conditions. While HIV represents the quintessential comorbid condition for TB, recent epidemiological evidence shows that additional chronic conditions such as diabetes and kidney disease are rising. In fact, the prevalence of diabetes as a comorbid TB condition is now higher than that of HIV. These chronic diseases are themselves independently associated with pro-inflammatory immune states that encompass antibody profiles. This review discusses isotypes, subclasses, post-translational modifications and Fc-mediated functions of antibodies in TB infection and in the comorbid chronic conditions of HIV, diabetes, and kidney diseases. We propose that inflammatory antibody profiles, which are a marker of active TB, may be an important biomarker for detection of TB disease progression within comorbid individuals. We highlight the need for future studies to determine which inflammatory antibody profiles are the consequences of comorbidities and which may potentially contribute to TB reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla R McLean
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Division of Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Department, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Brisbane, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, SA, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Autoantibodies as Diagnostic Markers and Mediator of Joint Inflammation in Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6363086. [PMID: 31772505 PMCID: PMC6854956 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6363086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic, polygenic, and multifactorial syndrome characterized by erosive polyarthritis, damage to joint architecture, and presence of autoantibodies against several self-structures in the serum and synovial fluid. These autoantibodies (anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPAs), rheumatoid factors (RF), anticollagen type II antibodies, antiglucose-6 phosphate isomerase antibodies, anticarbamylated protein antibodies, and antiacetylated protein antibodies) have different characteristics, diagnostic/prognostic value, and pathological significance in RA patients. Some of these antibodies are present in the patients' serum several years before the onset of clinical disease. Various genetic and environmental factors are associated with autoantibody production against different autoantigenic targets. Both the activating and inhibitory FcγRs and the activation of different complement cascades contribute to the downstream effector functions in the antibody-mediated disease pathology. Interplay between several molecules (cytokines, chemokines, proteases, and inflammatory mediators) culminates in causing damage to the articular cartilage and bones. In addition, autoantibodies are proven to be useful disease markers for RA, and different diagnostic tools are being developed for early diagnosis of the clinical disease. Recently, a direct link was proposed between the presence of autoantibodies and bone erosion as well as in the induction of pain. In this review, the diagnostic value of autoantibodies, their synthesis and function as a mediator of joint inflammation, and the significance of IgG-Fc glycosylation are discussed.
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104
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Ronco P, Debiec H. Molecular Pathogenesis of Membranous Nephropathy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2019; 15:287-313. [PMID: 31622560 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy is a noninflammatory autoimmune disease of the kidney glomerulus, characterized by the formation of immune deposits, complement-mediated proteinuria, and risk of renal failure. Considerable advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis have occurred with the identification of several antigens [neutral endopeptidase, phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), thrombospondin domain-containing 7A (THSD7A)] in cases arising from the neonatal period to adulthood and the characterization of antibody-binding domains (that is, epitopes). Immunization against PLA2R occurs in 70% to 80% of adult cases. The development of highly specific and sensitive assays of circulating antibodies has induced a paradigm shift in diagnosis and treatment monitoring. In addition, several interacting loci in HLA-DQ, HLA-DR, and PLA2R1, as well as classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-D alleles have been identified as being risk factors, depending on a patient's ethnicity. Additionally, mechanisms of antibody pathogenicity and pathways of complement activation are now better understood. Further research is mandatory for designing new therapeutic strategies, including the identifying triggering events, the molecular bases of remission and progression, and the T cell epitopes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Ronco
- Rare and Common Kidney Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Personalized Medicine Unit, INSERM UMRS 1155, Sorbonne Université, 75020 Paris, France;
| | - Hanna Debiec
- Rare and Common Kidney Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Personalized Medicine Unit, INSERM UMRS 1155, Sorbonne Université, 75020 Paris, France;
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105
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Arthur CM, Chonat S, Fasano R, Yee MEM, Josephson CD, Roback JD, Stowell SR. Examining the Role of Complement in Predicting, Preventing, and Treating Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions. Transfus Med Rev 2019; 33:217-224. [PMID: 31679762 PMCID: PMC7147990 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a critical component of optimal management for a broad range of conditions. Regardless of the indication, pretransfusion testing is required to appropriately match RBC donors and recipients to provide immunologically compatible blood. Although this approach is effective in the vast majority of situations, occasionally, patients will inadvertently receive an incompatible RBC transfusion, which can result in a hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR). In addition, patients with life-threatening anemia and a complex alloantibody profile, which precludes rapid procurement of compatible RBCs, may also receive incompatible RBCs, placing them at risk for an HTR. Despite the rarity of these clinical situations, when incompatible blood transfusion results in an HTR, the consequences can be devastating. In this review, we will explore the challenges associated with actively preventing and treating acute HTRs following incompatible RBC transfusion. In doing so, we will focus primarily on the role of complement, not only as a key player in HTRs, but also as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of HTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie M Arthur
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Satheesh Chonat
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ross Fasano
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Marianne E M Yee
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Cassandra D Josephson
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - John D Roback
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
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106
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Yau LF, Liu J, Jiang M, Bai G, Wang JR, Jiang ZH. An integrated approach for comprehensive profiling and quantitation of IgG-Fc glycopeptides with application to rheumatoid arthritis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1122-1123:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite major advances in since the discovery of the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) as the major autoantigen on podocytes in primary membranous nephropathy, there are still several unanswered questions as highlighted here. RECENT FINDINGS A substantial body of literature, included in more than 680 articles since 2009, has documented genetic susceptibility to primary membranous nephropathy involving PLA2R1 and class II MHC alleles, the clinical value of anti-PLA2R assays, the significance of epitope spreading of the anti-PLA2R response, discovery of thrombospondin type I domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) as a minor antigen in primary membranous nephropathy, and the ability to transfer disease into mice by infusion of anti-THSD7A sera. However, the normal physiology and pathophysiology of PLA2R and THSD7A in podocytes is still unknown and the genetic influence on disease susceptibility is unexplained. We still do not know what causes loss of self-tolerance to PLA2R and THSD7A or how the autoantibodies, which are predominantly of the IgG4 subclass, cause podocyte injury and proteinuria. Complement deposits are prominent in membranous nephropathy but we are still uncertain how the complement system is activated and whether or not it plays a role in podocyte damage. Notwithstanding the advances over the past decade, our treatments have not changed substantially. SUMMARY This review identifies opportunities to extend the advances that have been made to better understand the immunopathogenesis and genetic basis of primary membranous nephropathy and apply the knowledge to design more specific therapies.
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108
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Lucchino B, Spinelli FR, Iannuccelli C, Guzzo MP, Conti F, Di Franco M. Mucosa-Environment Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2019; 8:E700. [PMID: 31295951 PMCID: PMC6678242 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces play a central role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, environmental pollution, and periodontitis interact with the host at the mucosal level, triggering immune system activation. Moreover, the alteration of microbiota homeostasis is gaining increased attention for its involvement in the disease pathogenesis, modulating the immune cell response at a local and subsequently at a systemic level. Currently, the onset of the clinical manifest arthritis is thought to be the last step of a series of pathogenic events lasting years. The positivity for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factor (RF), in absence of symptoms, characterizes a preclinical phase of RA-namely systemic autoimmune phase- which is at high risk for disease progression. Several immune abnormalities, such as local ACPA production, increased T cell polarization towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype, and innate immune cell activation can be documented in at-risk subjects. Many of these abnormalities are direct consequences of the interaction between the environment and the host, which takes place at the mucosal level. The purpose of this review is to describe the humoral and cellular immune abnormalities detected in subjects at risk of RA, highlighting their origin from the mucosa-environment interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lucchino
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Romani Spinelli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Iannuccelli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Guzzo
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Di Franco
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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109
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Kotidis P, Demis P, Goey CH, Correa E, McIntosh C, Trepekli S, Shah N, Klymenko OV, Kontoravdi C. Constrained global sensitivity analysis for bioprocess design space identification. Comput Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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110
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Ma H, Xu Y, Zhang R, Guo B, Zhang S, Zhang X. Differential expression study of circular RNAs in exosomes from serum and urine in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:738-753. [PMID: 31110542 PMCID: PMC6524185 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.84690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to further explore the pathogenesis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), gene-sequencing was used to analyze the differentially expressed circRNAs in exosomes of patients with IMN, which may lay the foundation for the research of circRNAs as a new class of exosome-based IMN diagnosis biomarkers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten patients with IMN and ten normal controls were recruited as experimental subjects in our study. The exosomes were extracted from the collected serum and urine. Then, pure circRNAs were extracted from the exosomes with a series of enzymatic reactions. Afterwards, the significantly differentially expressed circRNAs were chosen by the method of gene-sequencing. RESULTS Compared with normal controls, the circRNAs were reduced in the exosomes from serum of patients with IMN, which mostly originated from intron gene regions. Meanwhile, a total of 89 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, which were also mostly derived from intron gene regions, including 49 up-regulated and 40 down-regulated genes. However, the species were increased in the exosomes from the urine of patients with IMN compared to normal controls, and they mainly originated from exon gene regions. Simultaneously, 60 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, which primarily belonged to intron gene regions, including 54 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated regions. CONCLUSIONS The significant differential and specific expression of circRNAs in the exosomes from patients with IMN were observed. For example, MUC3A, which originated from chr7:100550808|100551062, could be considered a potential diagnostic biomarker of IMN. Furthermore, these figures may be used as a reference or supplement in the research of the pathogenesis of IMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, China
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, China
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111
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Castro-Dopico T, Clatworthy MR. IgG and Fcγ Receptors in Intestinal Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:805. [PMID: 31031776 PMCID: PMC6473071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fcγ receptors (FcγR) are cell surface glycoproteins that mediate cellular effector functions of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Genetic variation in FcγR genes can influence susceptibility to a variety of antibody-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). More recently, however, genetic studies have implicated altered FcγR signaling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition classically associated with dysregulated innate and T cell immunity. Specifically, a variant of the activating receptor, FcγRIIA, with low affinity for IgG, confers protection against the development of ulcerative colitis, a subset of IBD, leading to a re-evaluation of the role of IgG and FcγRs in gastrointestinal tract immunity, an organ system traditionally associated with IgA. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of IgG and FcγR function at this unique host-environment interface, from the pathogenesis of colitis and defense against enteropathogens, its contribution to maternal-fetal cross-talk and susceptibility to cancer. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic implications of this information, both in terms of how FcγR signaling pathways may be targeted for the treatment of IBD and how FcγR engagement may influence the efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Castro-Dopico
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridge, United Kingdom
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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112
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Colomb F, Giron LB, Trbojevic-Akmacic I, Lauc G, Abdel-Mohsen M. Breaking the Glyco-Code of HIV Persistence and Immunopathogenesis. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2019; 16:151-168. [PMID: 30707400 PMCID: PMC6441623 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glycoimmunology is an emerging field focused on understanding how immune responses are mediated by glycans (carbohydrates) and their interaction with glycan-binding proteins called lectins. How glycans influence immunological functions is increasingly well understood. In a parallel way, in the HIV field, it is increasingly understood how the host immune system controls HIV persistence and immunopathogenesis. However, what has mostly been overlooked, despite its potential for therapeutic applications, is the role that the host glycosylation machinery plays in modulating the persistence and immunopathogenesis of HIV. Here, we will survey four areas in which the links between glycan-lectin interactions and immunology and between immunology and HIV are well described. For each area, we will describe these links and then delineate the opportunities for the HIV field in investigating potential interactions between glycoimmunology and HIV persistence/immunopathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies show that the human glycome (the repertoire of human glycan structures) plays critical roles in driving or modulating several cellular processes and immunological functions that are central to maintaining HIV infection. Understanding the links between glycoimmunology and HIV infection may create a new paradigm for discovering novel glycan-based therapies that can lead to eradication, functional cure, or improved tolerance of lifelong infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Colomb
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leila B Giron
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, Zagreb, Croatia
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113
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Zhang Y, Fan C, Zhang L, Ma X. Glycosylation-dependent antitumor therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 163:471-485. [PMID: 31030759 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic market for monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) has grown exponentially since 2000. It is expected that the world-wide market for MAbs could reach $125 billion in 2020. For cancer treatment alone, more than 30 MAbs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration since 1997. Unlike structure-defined small molecule-based anti-cancer drugs, the expensive MAb is a mixture of heterogeneously glycosylated proteins. All MAbs typically have a single N-glycosylation site on each of the Fc region. The clinical efficacy of the MAbs depends on the N-glycan structures. Loss of N-glycosylation on the MAbs leads to the loss of the ability to activate complement, to bind to Fc receptors, and to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Moreover, antigen-antibody complexes produced from N-glycan-deficient MAbs are failed to be eliminated rapidly from the blood circulation. Even in certain cases, the N-glycan heterogeneity does not significantly influence pharmacokinetics or half-life of MAbs, reduced terminal galactosylation decreases complement-dependent cytotoxicity, the absence of core fucosylation enhances ADCC due to the increased affinities for the FcγRIIIа receptor, and high sialylation levels reduce ADCC activity and impact inflammatory responses. Furthermore, only mammalian cell lines that make human-like N-glycan structures can be used for MAbs production since certain mammalian cell lines can produce non-human glycan epitopes such as galactose-α-1,3-galactose and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NGNA), which can trigger unwanted immune response. Therefore, mastering the knowledge of N-glycan structures and glycobiology is the key to produce and provide patients with reliable MAbs with consistent glycosylation profile and expected clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xuexiao Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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114
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Vu VP, Gifford GB, Chen F, Benasutti H, Wang G, Groman EV, Scheinman R, Saba L, Moghimi SM, Simberg D. Immunoglobulin deposition on biomolecule corona determines complement opsonization efficiency of preclinical and clinical nanoparticles. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:260-268. [PMID: 30643271 PMCID: PMC6402998 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of complement factors (opsonization) on nanoparticles may promote clearance from the blood by macrophages and trigger proinflammatory responses, but the mechanisms regulating the efficiency of complement activation are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that opsonization of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoworms with the third complement protein (C3) was dependent on the biomolecule corona of the nanoparticles. Here we show that natural antibodies play a critical role in C3 opsonization of SPIO nanoworms and a range of clinically approved nanopharmaceuticals. The dependency of C3 opsonization on immunoglobulin binding is almost universal and is observed regardless of the complement activation pathway. Only a few surface-bound immunoglobulin molecules are needed to trigger complement activation and opsonization. Although the total amount of plasma proteins adsorbed on nanoparticles does not determine C3 deposition efficiency, the biomolecule corona per se enhances immunoglobulin binding to all nanoparticle types. We therefore show that natural antibodies represent a link between biomolecule corona and C3 opsonization, and may determine individual complement responses to nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian P Vu
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Geoffrey B Gifford
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Halli Benasutti
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Guankui Wang
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ernest V Groman
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert Scheinman
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura Saba
- Systems Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Seyed Moein Moghimi
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Division of Stratified Medicine, Biomarkers and Therapeutics, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Lardinois OM, Deterding LJ, Hess JJ, Poulton CJ, Henderson CD, Jennette JC, Nachman PH, Falk RJ. Immunoglobulins G from patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis are atypically glycosylated in both the Fc and Fab regions and the relation to disease activity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213215. [PMID: 30818380 PMCID: PMC6395067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) directed against myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3) are pathogenic in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). The respective role of IgG Fc and Fab glycosylation in mediating ANCA pathogenicity is incompletely understood. Herein we investigate in detail the changes in Fc and Fab glycosylation in MPO-ANCA and Pr3-ANCA and examine the association of glycosylation aberrancies with disease activity. Methodology Total IgG was isolated from serum or plasma of a cohort of 30 patients with AAV (14 MPO-ANCA; 16 PR3-ANCA), and 19 healthy control subjects. Anti-MPO specific IgG was affinity-purified from plasma of an additional cohort of 18 MPO-ANCA patients undergoing plasmapheresis. We used lectin binding assays, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry-based methods to analyze Fc and Fab glycosylation, the degree of sialylation of Fc and Fab fragments and to determine the exact localization of N-glycans on Fc and Fab fragments. Principal findings IgG1 Fc glycosylation of total IgG was significantly reduced in patients with active AAV compared to controls. Clinical remission was associated with complete glycan normalization for PR3-ANCA patients but not for MPO-ANCA patients. Fc-glycosylation of anti-MPO specific IgG was similar to total IgG purified from plasma. A major fraction of anti-MPO specific IgG harbor extensive glycosylation within the variable domain on the Fab portion. Conclusions/Significance Significant differences exist between MPO and PR3-ANCA regarding the changes in amounts and types of glycans on Fc fragment and the association with disease activity. These differences may contribute to significant clinical difference in the disease course observed between the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier M. Lardinois
- UNC Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Leesa J. Deterding
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jacob J. Hess
- UNC Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Caroline J. Poulton
- UNC Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Candace D. Henderson
- UNC Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - J. Charles Jennette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patrick H. Nachman
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ronald J. Falk
- UNC Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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116
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Damelang T, Rogerson SJ, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Role of IgG3 in Infectious Diseases. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:197-211. [PMID: 30745265 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IgG3 comprises only a minor fraction of IgG and has remained relatively understudied until recent years. Key physiochemical characteristics of IgG3 include an elongated hinge region, greater molecular flexibility, extensive polymorphisms, and additional glycosylation sites not present on other IgG subclasses. These characteristics make IgG3 a uniquely potent immunoglobulin, with the potential for triggering effector functions including complement activation, antibody (Ab)-mediated phagocytosis, or Ab-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Recent studies underscore the importance of IgG3 effector functions against a range of pathogens and have provided approaches to overcome IgG3-associated limitations, such as allotype-dependent short Ab half-life, and excessive proinflammatory activation. Understanding the molecular and functional properties of IgG3 may facilitate the development of improved Ab-based immunotherapies and vaccines against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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117
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Kommineni V, Markert M, Ren Z, Palle S, Carrillo B, Deng J, Tejeda A, Nandi S, McDonald KA, Marcel S, Holtz B. In Vivo Glycan Engineering via the Mannosidase I Inhibitor (Kifunensine) Improves Efficacy of Rituximab Manufactured in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E194. [PMID: 30621113 PMCID: PMC6337617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation has been shown to affect the pharmacokinetic properties of several classes of biologics, including monoclonal antibodies, blood factors, and lysosomal enzymes. In the last two decades, N-glycan engineering has been employed to achieve a N-glycosylation profile that is either more consistent or aligned with a specific improved activity (i.e., effector function or serum half-life). In particular, attention has focused on engineering processes in vivo or in vitro to alter the structure of the N-glycosylation of the Fc region of anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies in order to increase antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Here, we applied the mannosidase I inhibitor kifunensine to the Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression platform to produce an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab). We determined the optimal concentration of kifunensine used in the infiltration solution, 0.375 µM, which was sufficient to produce exclusively oligomannose glycoforms, at a concentration 14 times lower than previously published levels. The resulting afucosylated rituximab revealed a 14-fold increase in ADCC activity targeting the lymphoma cell line Wil2-S when compared with rituximab produced in the absence of kifunensine. When applied to the cost-effective and scalable N. benthamiana transient expression platform, the use of kifunensine allows simple in-process glycan engineering without the need for transgenic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vally Kommineni
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Matthew Markert
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Sreenath Palle
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Berenice Carrillo
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Jasmine Deng
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Armando Tejeda
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Somen Nandi
- Global HealthShare® Initiative, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Karen A McDonald
- Global HealthShare® Initiative, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Sylvain Marcel
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Barry Holtz
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
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Ho CH, Chen SH, Tsai HW, Wu IC, Chang TT. Fully galactosyl-fucosyl-bisected IgG 1 reduces anti-HBV efficacy and liver histological improvement. Antiviral Res 2019; 163:1-10. [PMID: 30611775 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation on the crystallizable fragment (Fc) governs antibody-mediated immune responses. This study addressed the relevance of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-bisected IgG1 on the disease progression and treatment efficacy in the immune active phase of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Serum IgG1N-glycan patterns from 166 HBV e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The proportion of GlcNAc-bisected IgG1 on the disease severity and efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment were investigated. Cytokine-dependent regulations of IgG1 GlcNAc bisection were also addressed using mouse IgG1-producing hybridoma cells. We found that IgG1 bearing a fully galactosyl-fucosyl-N-acetylglucosamine-bisected (G2FN) glycoform in HBeAg-positive patients was associated with high levels of HBV DNA or HBV surface antigen, alanine aminotransferase <2 upper limits of normal, and a mild liver injury. Moreover, baseline IgG1-G2FN ≧ 1.5% was linked to lower probabilities of virological response (HBV DNA undetectable in serum), HBeAg seroconversion, HBV core antigen loss, and liver histological improvement after treatment. Cox and logistic regression analyses revealed that IgG1-G2FN was an unfavorable factor for the virological response (hazard ratio = 0.620, 95% confidence interval = 0.466-0.825, P = 0.001) or liver histological improvement (odds ratio = 0.513, 95% confidence interval = 0.279-0.943, P = 0.032), respectively. Results from in vitro studies showed that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 treatment downregulated mannosyl β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 activities and thereby IgG1-G2FN production, and this phenomenon reflected an inverse correlation between IgG1-G2FN and TGF-β1 in sera of patients (r = -0.431, P < 0.001). In conclusion, IgG1-G2FN was related to an attenuated liver inflammation and unfavorable treatment responses in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Ho
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Tsung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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119
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Increased central adiposity is associated with pro-inflammatory immunoglobulin G N-glycans. Immunobiology 2019; 224:110-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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120
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Sun D, Hu F, Gao H, Song Z, Xie W, Wang P, Shi L, Wang K, Li Y, Huang C, Li Z. Distribution of abnormal IgG glycosylation patterns from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients by MALDI-TOF-MSn. Analyst 2019; 144:2042-2051. [PMID: 30714583 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02014k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
IgG glycosylation differs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), which should contribute to their pathogenesis research and diagnosis.
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121
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Abstract
Autoimmunity is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and loss of native and transplanted kidneys. Conventional immunosuppressive therapies can be effective but are non-specific, noncurative, and risk serious side effects such as life-threatening infection and cancer. Novel therapies and targeted interventions are urgently needed. In this brief review we explore diverse strategies currently in development and under consideration to interrupt underlying disease mechanisms in immune-mediated renal injury. Because autoantibodies are prominent in diagnosis and pathogenesis in multiple human glomerulopathies, we highlight several promising therapies that interfere with functions of early mediators (IgG and complement) of the effector arm and with an epicenter (the germinal center) for induction of humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Helen Foster
- a Department of Medicine , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b Medical and Research Services , Durham VA Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
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122
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Kontoravdi C, Jimenez del Val I. Computational tools for predicting and controlling the glycosylation of biopharmaceuticals. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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123
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Chang TT, Tsai HW, Ho CH. Fucosyl-Agalactosyl IgG₁ Induces Cholangiocarcinoma Metastasis and Early Recurrence by Activating Tumor-Associated Macrophage. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110460. [PMID: 30469416 PMCID: PMC6267046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Concern over roles of serum IgG agalactosylation in chronic inflammatory diseases has been mounting for years but less touched in cancers. The present study addressed the underlying role of agalactosylated IgG beyond tumorigenesis. Liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was leveraged for the analysis of IgG1 and IgG2N-glycomes. We found that a high percentage of serum fucosyl-agalactosyl IgG1 (IgG1-G0F) in patients with cholangiocarcinoma was associated with poor tumor differentiation and tumor metastasis. Results from Kaplan–Meier analyses and a stepwise Cox regression analysis showed that patients with serum IgG1-G0F ≥40% were highly correlated with poor recurrence-free survivals and overall survivals. Interestingly, patients with cholangiocarcinoma whose serum IgG1-G0F ≥40% had more CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages in cancerous tissues than adjacent non-cancerous counterparts. In vitro assays revealed that agalactosylated IgG upregulated tumor-associated macrophage markers CD163 and CD204 in human U-937 cells and peripheral macrophages. Moreover, a positive and a negative feedback loop of transforming growth factor-β1 and interferon-γ, respectively, on IgG agalactosylation was identified using hybridoma cells and verified in sera of the patients. In conclusion, agalactosylated IgG activates tumor-associated macrophages, thereby promoting tumor metastasis and recurrence of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Tsung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsun Ho
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
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Pavić T, Dilber D, Kifer D, Selak N, Keser T, Ljubičić Đ, Vukić Dugac A, Lauc G, Rumora L, Gornik O. N-glycosylation patterns of plasma proteins and immunoglobulin G in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Transl Med 2018; 16:323. [PMID: 30463578 PMCID: PMC6249776 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex condition, whose diagnosis requires spirometric assessment. However, considering its heterogeneity, subjects with similar spirometric parameters do not necessarily have the same functional status. To overcome this limitation novel biomarkers for COPD have been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to explore the potential value of N-glycans as COPD biomarkers and to examine the individual variation of plasma protein and immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation profiles in subjects with COPD and healthy controls. METHODS Both the total plasma protein and IgG N-glycome have been profiled in the total of 137 patients with COPD and 95 matching controls from Croatia. Replication cohort consisted of 61 subjects with COPD and 148 controls recruited at another Croatian medical centre. RESULTS Plasma protein N-glycome in COPD subjects exhibited significant decrease in low branched and conversely, an increase in more complex glycan structures (tetragalactosylated, trisialylated, tetrasialylated and antennary fucosylated glycoforms). We also observed a significant decline in plasma monogalactosylated species, and the same change replicated in IgG glycome. N-glycans also showed value in distinguishing subjects in different COPD GOLD stages, where the relative abundance of more complex glycan structures increased as the disease progressed. Glycans also showed statistically significant associations with the frequency of exacerbations and demonstrated to be affected by smoking, which is the major risk factor for COPD development. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that complexity of glycans associates with COPD, mirroring also the disease severity. Moreover, changes in N-glycome associate with exacerbation frequency and are affected by smoking. In general, this study provided new insights into plasma protein and IgG N-glycome changes occurring in COPD and pointed out potential novel markers of the disease progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pavić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dario Dilber
- Deparment of Cardiology, County Hospital Čakovec, Čakovec, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Kifer
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Najda Selak
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Đivo Ljubičić
- Department of Pulmonology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Vukić Dugac
- Clinical Department for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lada Rumora
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Gudelj I, Lauc G, Pezer M. Immunoglobulin G glycosylation in aging and diseases. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:65-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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126
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Dias AM, Pereira MS, Padrão NA, Alves I, Marcos-Pinto R, Lago P, Pinho SS. Glycans as critical regulators of gut immunity in homeostasis and disease. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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127
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Alter G, Ottenhoff TH, Joosten SA. Antibody glycosylation in inflammation, disease and vaccination. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:102-110. [PMID: 29903548 PMCID: PMC8731230 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are antigen recognizing immunoglobulins with an amazingly diverse repertoire in the antigen specific domain. The diversity of the antibody response is further increased by modifications such as somatic recombination and hypermutation. Furthermore, variation in the isotype and post-translational modifications such as Fc glycosylation further increase diversity of the effector functions. In particular variations in the glycan structures contribute significantly to the functional capacities of the antibodies. This is of particular interest given the dynamic nature of these modifications that is strongly influenced by the inflammatory environment. Intriguingly, the glycan profile of antibodies has been unravelled in great detail in inflammatory (auto)immune diseases but received only limited attention in the area of infectious diseases and vaccination. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on immunoglobulin glycosylation and specifically focussed on studies in the field of infectious diseases and vaccination against infectious diseases, an area with a lot of interesting opportunities.
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128
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Tentolouris A, Thanopoulou A, Tentolouris N, Eleftheriadou I, Voulgari C, Andrianakos A, Sfikakis PP. Low prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis among patients with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:399. [PMID: 30498726 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.09.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a non-autoimmune disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and increased non-enzymatic glycation of amino groups. Glycation occurs through a series of events eventually leading to the formation of irreversible "advanced glycation end-products" (AGEs). AGEs may affect the function of long-lived proteins, including cytokines, immunoglobulins and their receptors, resulting in a "less active" immune system. We aimed to test the hypothesis that a common inflammatory chronic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in which the earliest event is an inflammatory response to unknown stimulus, has a lower prevalence in these patients than in normoglycemic, non-diabetic subjects. Methods In this study, we compared the prevalence of RA in a prospectively followed outpatient cohort of patients with T2DM patients (n=1,630) with a control, matched, non-diabetic population (n=1,630). Results Among non-diabetic controls, 13 patients (prevalence 0.80%) with RA were identified. An almost 3-fold lower prevalence of RA (0.25%) was found in consecutive patients with T2DM (P=0.029). Most of the RA cases among participants with T2DM were diagnosed early after diabetes onset. The onset of RA in patients with T2DM occurred at significantly older age (64±15 years) as compared to the non-diabetes group (48±18 years; P=0.004). Conclusions The prevalence of RA is lower and occurs in an older age in patients with pre-existing T2DM in comparison with people without T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Thanopoulou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Voulgari
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Andrianakos
- Rheumatic Disease Epidemiology Section, Hellenic Foundation for Rheumatological Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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129
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Effect of Environmental Parameters on Glycosylation of Recombinant Immunoglobulin G Produced from Recombinant CHO Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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130
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Pang X, Li H, Guan F, Li X. Multiple Roles of Glycans in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2018; 8:364. [PMID: 30237983 PMCID: PMC6135871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The three types of blood cells (red blood cells for carrying oxygen, white blood cells for immune protection, and platelets for wound clotting) arise from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in the adult bone marrow, and function in physiological regulation and communication with local microenvironments to maintain systemic homeostasis. Hematological malignancies are relatively uncommon malignant disorders derived from the two major blood cell lineages: myeloid (leukemia) and lymphoid (lymphoma). Malignant clones lose their regulatory mechanisms, resulting in production of a large number of dysfunctional cells and destruction of normal hematopoiesis. Glycans are one of the four major types of essential biological macromolecules, along with nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Major glycan subgroups are N-glycans, O-glycans, glycosaminoglycans, and glycosphingolipids. Aberrant expression of glycan structures, resulting from dysregulation of glycan-related genes, is associated with cancer development and progression in terms of cell signaling and communication, tumor cell dissociation and invasion, cell-matrix interactions, tumor angiogenesis, immune modulation, and metastasis formation. Aberrant glycan expression occurs in most hematological malignancies, notably acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and multiple myeloma, etc. Here, we review recent research advances regarding aberrant glycans, their related genes, and their roles in hematological malignancies. Our improved understanding of the mechanisms that underlie aberrant patterns of glycosylation will lead to development of novel, more effective therapeutic approaches targeted to hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Pang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Guan
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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131
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Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J. The recognition of glycans by protein receptors. Insights from NMR spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4761-4769. [PMID: 29662983 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01444b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates (glycans, saccharides, sugars) are everywhere. In fact, glycan-protein interactions are involved in many essential processes of life and disease. The understanding of the key structural details at the atomic and molecular level is of paramount importance to effectively design molecules for therapeutic purposes. Different approximations may be employed to decipher these molecular recognition processes with high resolution. Advances in cryo-electron microscopy are providing exquisite details on different biological mechanisms involving sugars, while better and better protocols for structural refinement in the application of X-ray methods for protein-sugar complexes and glycoproteins are also permitting fantastic advances in the glycoscience arena. Alternatively, NMR spectroscopy remains as one of the most rewarding techniques to explore protein-carbohydrate interactions. In fact, given the intrinsic dynamic nature of saccharides, NMR can afford exquisite structural information at the atomic detail, not accessible by other techniques. However, the access to this information is sometimes intricate, and requires careful analysis and well-defined strategies. In this review, we have highlighted these issues and presented an overview of different modern NMR approaches with a focus on the latest developments and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain.
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132
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Heyder T, Wiklundh E, Eklund A, James A, Grunewald J, Zubarev RA, Lundström SL. Altered Fc galactosylation in IgG 4 is a potential serum marker for chronic lung disease. ERJ Open Res 2018; 4:00033-2018. [PMID: 30083550 PMCID: PMC6066530 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00033-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterising chronic lung diseases is challenging. New, less invasive diagnostics are needed to decipher disease pathologies and subphenotypes. Fc galactosylation is known to affect IgG function, and is altered in autoimmune disorders and under other pathological conditions. We tested how well Fc glycans in IgG from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum correlated, and if the Fc glycan profile could reveal pulmonary inflammation. A shotgun proteomics approach was used to profile Fc glycans in serum and BALF of controls (n=12) and sarcoidosis phenotypes (Löfgren's syndrome (LS), n=11; and non-LS, n=12). Results were further validated in severe asthma (SA) (n=20) and published rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient data (n=13) including clinical information. Intra-individually, Fc-galactosylation status of IgG1 (R2=0.87) and IgG4 (R2=0.95) correlated well between matrixes. Following GlycoAge-index correction, the ratio between agalactosylated and digalactosylated Fc glycans of IgG4 could distinguish sarcoidosis and SA from healthy and RA subjects with a mean±se area under the curve (AUC) of 78±6%. The AUC increased to 83±6% using the more chronic lung disease types (non-LS and SA) and most strikingly, to 87±6% for the SA subgroup. The results indicate that the Fc galactosylation status of IgG4 is a potential blood test marker for chronic lung inflammation. IgG4 Fc galactosylation correlates between serum and BALF (R2=0.95) and is a potential blood marker for chronic lung inflammationhttp://ow.ly/XaNd30k35wg
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Heyder
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Joint first authors
| | - Emil Wiklundh
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Joint first authors
| | - Anders Eklund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna James
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Joint last authors
| | - Susanna L Lundström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Joint last authors
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133
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Dědová T, Grunow D, Kappert K, Flach D, Tauber R, Blanchard V. The effect of blood sampling and preanalytical processing on human N-glycome. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200507. [PMID: 29995966 PMCID: PMC6040761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycome modulations have been described in the onset and progression of many diseases. Thus, many studies have proposed glycans from blood glycoproteins as disease markers. Astonishingly, little effort has been given unraveling preanalytical conditions potentially influencing glycan analysis prior to blood biomarker studies. In this work, we evaluate for the first time the effect of hemolysis, storage and blood collection, but also influence of various times and temperatures between individual processing steps on the total N-glycome and on a glycan-biomarker score. Venous blood was collected from 10 healthy donors in 11 blood collection tubes with different additives, processed variously to obtain 16 preanalytical variables and N-glycans released from serum or plasma were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS and capillary electrophoresis coupled with fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) for the first time. Long time storage of deep frozen samples at -20°C or -80°C exerted only a minor influence on the glycome as demonstrated by CE-LIF. The N-glycome was very stable evidenced by MALDI-TOF when stored at 4°C for at least 48 hours and blood collected in tubes devoid of additives. The glycome was stable upon storage after centrifugation and aliquoting, which is an important information considering future diagnostic applications. Hemolysis, however, negatively correlated with an established glycan score for ovarian cancer, when evaluated by MALDI-TOF-MS measurement by affecting relative intensities of certain glycans, which could lead to false negative / positive results in glycan biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Dědová
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlef Grunow
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Kappert
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Flach
- Sarstedt AG&Co, Nümbrecht, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Rudolf Tauber
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
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134
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Plasma N-glycome composition associates with chronic low back pain. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2124-2133. [PMID: 29981899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is the symptom of a group of syndromes with heterogeneous underlying mechanisms and molecular pathologies, making treatment selection and patient prognosis very challenging. Moreover, symptoms and prognosis of LBP are influenced by age, gender, occupation, habits, and psychological factors. LBP may be characterized by an underlying inflammatory process. Previous studies indicated a connection between inflammatory response and total plasma N-glycosylation. We wanted to identify potential changes in total plasma N-glycosylation pattern connected with chronic low back pain (CLBP), which could give an insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. METHODS Plasma samples of 1128 CLBP patients and 760 healthy controls were collected in clinical centers in Italy, Belgium and Croatia and used for N-glycosylation profiling by hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography (HILIC-UPLC) after N-glycans release, fluorescent labeling and clean-up. Observed N-glycosylation profiles have been compared with a cohort of 126 patients with acute inflammation that underwent abdominal surgery. RESULTS We have found a statistically significant increase in the relative amount of high-branched (tri-antennary and tetra-antennary) N-glycan structures on CLBP patients' plasma glycoproteins compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, relative amounts of disialylated and trisialylated glycan structures were increased, while high-mannose and glycans containing bisecting N-acetylglucosamine decreased in CLBP. CONCLUSIONS Observed changes in CLBP on the plasma N-glycome level are consistent with N-glycosylation changes usually seen in chronic inflammation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is a first large clinical study on CLBP patients and plasma N-glycome providing a new glycomics perspective on potential disease pathology.
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135
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Amann T, Hansen AH, Kol S, Lee GM, Andersen MR, Kildegaard HF. CRISPR/Cas9-Multiplexed Editing of Chinese Hamster Ovary B4Gal-T1, 2, 3, and 4 Tailors N-Glycan Profiles of Therapeutics and Secreted Host Cell Proteins. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1800111. [PMID: 29862652 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In production of recombinant proteins for biopharmaceuticals, N-glycosylation is often important for protein efficacy and patient safety. IgG with agalactosylated (G0)-N-glycans can improve the activation of the lectin-binding complement system and be advantageous in the therapy of lupus and virus diseases. In this study, the authors aimed to engineer CHO-S cells for the production of proteins with G0-N-glycans by targeting B4Gal-T isoform genes with CRISPR/Cas9. Indel mutations in genes encoding B4Gal-T1, -T2, and -T3 with and without a disrupted B4Gal-T4 sequence resulted in only ≈1% galactosylated N-glycans on total secreted proteins of 3-4 clones per genotype. The authors revealed that B4Gal-T4 is not active in N-glycan galactosylation in CHO-S cells. In the triple-KO clones, transiently expressed erythropoietin (EPO) and rituximab harbored only ≈6% and ≈3% galactosylated N-glycans, respectively. However, simultaneous disruption of B4Gal-T1 and -T3 may decrease cell growth. Altogether, the authors present the advantage of analyzing total secreted protein N-glycans after disrupting galactosyltransferases, followed by expressing recombinant proteins in selected clones with desired N-glycan profiles at a later stage. Furthermore, the authors provide a cell platform that prevalently glycosylates proteins with G0-N-glycans to further study the impact of agalactosylation on different in vitro and in vivo functions of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Amann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Holmgaard Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stefan Kol
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikael Rørdam Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Helene Faustrup Kildegaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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136
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Blondeel EJM, Aucoin MG. Supplementing glycosylation: A review of applying nucleotide-sugar precursors to growth medium to affect therapeutic recombinant protein glycoform distributions. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1505-1523. [PMID: 29913209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a critical quality attribute (CQA) of many therapeutic proteins, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and is a major consideration in the approval of biosimilar biologics due to its effects to therapeutic efficacy. Glycosylation generates a distribution of glycoforms, resulting in glycoproteins with inherent molecule-to-molecule heterogeneity, capable of activating (or failing to activate) different effector functions of the immune system. Glycoforms can be affected by the supplementation of nucleotide-sugar precursors, and related components, to culture growth medium, affecting the metabolism of glycosylation. These supplementations has been demonstrated to increase nucleotide-sugar intracellular pools, and impact glycoform distributions, but with varied results. These variations can be attributed to five key factors: Differences between cell platforms (enzyme/transporter expression levels); differences between recombinant proteins produced (glycan-site accessibility); the fermentation and sampling timeline (glucose availability and exoglycosidase accumulation); glutamine levels (affecting ammonia levels, which impact Golgi pH, as well as UDP-GlcNAc pools); and finally, a lack of standardized metrics for observing shifts in glycoform distributions (glycosylation indices) across different experiments. The purpose of this review is to provide detail and clarity on the state of the art of supplementation strategies for nucleotide-sugar precursors for affecting glycosylation in cell culture processes, and to apply glycosylation indices for standardized comparisons across the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J M Blondeel
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Marc G Aucoin
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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137
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Bartsch YC, Rahmöller J, Mertes MMM, Eiglmeier S, Lorenz FKM, Stoehr AD, Braumann D, Lorenz AK, Winkler A, Lilienthal GM, Petry J, Hobusch J, Steinhaus M, Hess C, Holecska V, Schoen CT, Oefner CM, Leliavski A, Blanchard V, Ehlers M. Sialylated Autoantigen-Reactive IgG Antibodies Attenuate Disease Development in Autoimmune Mouse Models of Lupus Nephritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1183. [PMID: 29928274 PMCID: PMC5997785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro- and anti-inflammatory effector functions of IgG antibodies (Abs) depend on their subclass and Fc glycosylation pattern. Accumulation of non-galactosylated (agalactosylated; G0) IgG Abs in the serum of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients reflects severity of the diseases. In contrast, sialylated IgG Abs are responsible for anti-inflammatory effects of the intravenous immunoglobulin (pooled human serum IgG from healthy donors), administered in high doses (2 g/kg) to treat autoimmune patients. However, whether low amounts of sialylated autoantigen-reactive IgG Abs can also inhibit autoimmune diseases is hardly investigated. Here, we explore whether sialylated autoantigen-reactive IgG Abs can inhibit autoimmune pathology in different mouse models. We found that sialylated IgG auto-Abs fail to induce inflammation and lupus nephritis in a B cell receptor (BCR) transgenic lupus model, but instead are associated with lower frequencies of pathogenic Th1, Th17 and B cell responses. In accordance, the transfer of small amounts of immune complexes containing sialylated IgG Abs was sufficient to attenuate the development of nephritis. We further showed that administration of sialylated collagen type II (Col II)-specific IgG Abs attenuated the disease symptoms in a model of Col II-induced arthritis and reduced pathogenic Th17 cell and autoantigen-specific IgG Ab responses. We conclude that sialylated autoantigen-specific IgG Abs may represent a promising tool for treating pathogenic T and B cell immune responses in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic C Bartsch
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutrition Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johann Rahmöller
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutrition Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria M M Mertes
- Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Eiglmeier
- Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix K M Lorenz
- Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander D Stoehr
- Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique Braumann
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutrition Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Laboratory of Glycodesign and Glycoanalytics, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra K Lorenz
- Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Winkler
- Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gina-Maria Lilienthal
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutrition Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Janina Petry
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutrition Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Juliane Hobusch
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutrition Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Moritz Steinhaus
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutrition Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Constanze Hess
- Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vivien Holecska
- Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin T Schoen
- Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin M Oefner
- Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexei Leliavski
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutrition Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Laboratory of Glycodesign and Glycoanalytics, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutrition Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
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138
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Holers VM, Banda NK. Complement in the Initiation and Evolution of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1057. [PMID: 29892280 PMCID: PMC5985368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a major component of the immune system and plays a central role in many protective immune processes, including circulating immune complex processing and clearance, recognition of foreign antigens, modulation of humoral and cellular immunity, removal of apoptotic and dead cells, and engagement of injury resolving and tissue regeneration processes. In stark contrast to these beneficial roles, however, inadequately controlled complement activation underlies the pathogenesis of human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where the cartilage, bone, and synovium are targeted. Recent studies of this disease have demonstrated that the autoimmune response evolves over time in an asymptomatic preclinical phase that is associated with mucosal inflammation. Notably, experimental models of this disease have demonstrated that each of the three major complement activation pathways plays an important role in recognition of injured joint tissue, although the lectin and amplification pathways exhibit particularly impactful roles in the initiation and amplification of damage. Herein, we review the complement system and focus on its multi-factorial role in human patients with RA and experimental murine models. This understanding will be important to the successful integration of the emerging complement therapeutics pipeline into clinical care for patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nirmal K. Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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139
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Prabhu A, Gadre R, Gadgil M. Zinc supplementation decreases galactosylation of recombinant IgG in CHO cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5989-5999. [PMID: 29749563 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Trace element composition of culture medium can be altered to modulate glycoform of recombinant glycoproteins. In this study, we show that Zn2+ supplementation at or above 100 μM decreases galactosylation of recombinant IgG expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. This decrease in galactosylation is not due to reduced galactosyltransferase expression. This effect persists upon supplementation of galactose and uridine to the culture, indicating that it may not be due to reduced UDP-Gal availability. Measurements of galactosyltransferase activity in the cell lysate show that activity decreases with increasing Zn2+/Mn2+ ratio. This suggests that one possible explanation of the effect of Zn2+ may be reduced intracellular galactosyltransferase activity due to increase in Zn2+/Mn2+ ratio. Consistent with this, the decrease in galactosylation of IgG could be reversed by supplementation of Mn2+ (a cofactor of galactosyltransferase) which increases intracellular Mn2+ content. Measurement of total intracellular Zn2+ content, however, indicates no significant upregulation of total intracellular Zn2+ content and no significant downregulation of intracellular Mn2+ content with Zn2+ supplementation. One possible explanation could be that cellular detoxification response to higher extracellular Zn2+ concentration might lead to changes in intracellular distribution of Mn2+. In this case, Zn2+ supplementation would be expected to interfere with other known effects of Mn2+. Indeed, the previously reported increase in high mannose glycans upon Mn2+ supplementation in the absence of glucose is reversed by Zn2+ supplementation. This study also suggests the use of Mn2+ supplementation as a strategy to overcome the effect of lot-to-lot variability in trace element concentrations on galactosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Prabhu
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ramchandra Gadre
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Mugdha Gadgil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.
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140
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Changes in N-glycans of IgG4 and its relationship with the existence of hypocomplementemia and individual organ involvement in patients with IgG4-related disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196163. [PMID: 29672582 PMCID: PMC5908088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although increased serum IgG4 level and tissue infiltration of IgG4-positive cells are key events in IgG4-related disease (IgG4RD), and nearly half of IgG4RD patients show hypocomplementemia, the role of IgG4 in the pathogenesis of IgG4RD remains unclear. Many reports show that altered IgG glycosylation, especially IgG with agalactosylated N-linked glycan (G0 N-glycan), have proinflammatory roles including complement activation, implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. This study determined the concentration of N-linked glycans (N-glycan) released from serum IgG4 in IgG4RD patients and compared the difference of glycosylation changes to those in healthy controls. We also compared the concentration of each IgG4 glycoform between patients with and without hypocomplementemia and individual organ involvement (kidney, pancreas, lymph node) in IgG4RD. Methods We collected sera from 12 IgG4RD patients and 8 healthy controls. IgG4 was isolated from sera via Melon™ Gel IgG Spin Purification Kit followed by Capture Select IgG4 (Hu) Affinity Matrix. IgG4 N-glycans were analyzed by S-BIO GlycanMap® Xpress methodology. Results Significant increases of IgG4 G0 N-glycan and IgG4 fucosylated N-glycan (F1 N-glycan) concentrations were observed in IgG4RD compared with healthy controls. Although we observed decreased levels of IgG4 F0 glycan in IgG4RD with hypocomplementemia, there were no significant differences in the galactosylation and sialyation of IgG4 N-glycans. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the glycosylation of IgG4 N-glycans between patients with and without individual organ involvement of IgG4RD. Conclusions Although IgG4 has anti-inflammatory properties, IgG4 G0 and F1 glycans were increased in patients with IgG4RD. Our results suggest that decreased galactosylation of IgG4 is not related to complement activation and the differences of individual organ involvement in IgG4RD. IgG4 fucosylation change may be related to complement activation in IgG4RD. Further investigation is needed to clarify the role of IgG4 in IgG4RD.
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141
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Gudelj I, Salo PP, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Albers M, Primorac D, Perola M, Lauc G. Low galactosylation of IgG associates with higher risk for future diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis during 10 years of follow-up. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2034-2039. [PMID: 29572115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are known to have an important role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases which primarily involves the joints. Most RA patients develop autoantibodies against immunoglobulin G (IgG) and changes in IgG glycosylation have been associated with RA. We undertook this study to determine whether altered IgG glycosylation precedes the disease diagnosis. We studied IgG glycosylation in RA in two prospective cohorts (N = 14,749) by measuring 28 IgG glycan traits in 179 subjects who developed RA within 10-years follow-up and 358 matched controls. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography method based on hydrophilic interactions (HILIC-UPLC) was used to analyse IgG glycans. Future RA diagnosis associated with traits related to lower galactosylation and sialylation of IgG when comparing the cases to the matched controls. In RA cases, these traits did not correlate with the time between being recruited to the study and being diagnosed with RA (median time 4.31 years). The difference in IgG glycosylation was relatively stable and present years before diagnosis. This indicates that long-acting factors affecting IgG glycome composition are among the underlying mechanisms of RA and that decreased galactosylation is a pre-existing risk factor involved in the disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Perttu P Salo
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Malena Albers
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragan Primorac
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia; St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zabok, Zagreb, Croatia; JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, School of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Center, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia.
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142
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Dekkers G, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Novel Concepts of Altered Immunoglobulin G Galactosylation in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:553. [PMID: 29616041 PMCID: PMC5867308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the conserved N297 glycan in immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been shown to affect antibody effector functions via C1q of the complement system and Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) on immune cells. Changes in the general levels of IgG-glycoforms, such as lowered total IgG galactosylation observed in many autoimmune diseases have been associated with elevated disease severity. Agalactosyslated IgG has therefore been regarded and classified by many as pro-inflammatory. However, and somewhat counterintuitively, agalactosylation has been shown by several groups to decrease affinity for FcγRIII and decrease C1q binding and downstream activation, which seems at odds with this proposed pro-inflammatory nature. In this review, we discuss these circumstances where altered IgG galactosylation/glycosylation is found. We propose a novel model based on these observations and current biochemical evidence, where the levels of IgG galactosylation found in the total bulk IgG affect the threshold required to achieve immune activation by autoantibodies through either C1q or FcγR. Although this model needs experimental verification, it is supported by several clinical observations and reconciles apparent discrepancies in the literature, and suggests a general mechanism in IgG-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Dekkers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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143
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Glycomics meets artificial intelligence - Potential of glycan analysis for identification of seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis patients revealed. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 481:49-55. [PMID: 29486148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, one hundred serum samples from healthy people and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were analyzed. Standard immunoassays for detection of 10 different RA markers and analysis of glycan markers on antibodies in 10 different assay formats with several lectins were applied for each serum sample. A dataset containing 2000 data points was data mined using artificial neural networks (ANN). We identified key RA markers, which can discriminate between healthy people and seropositive RA patients (serum containing autoantibodies) with accuracy of 83.3%. Combination of RA markers with glycan analysis provided much better discrimination accuracy of 92.5%. Immunoassays completely failed to identify seronegative RA patients (serum not containing autoantibodies), while glycan analysis correctly identified 43.8% of these patients. Further, we revealed other critical parameters for successful glycan analysis such as type of a sample, format of analysis and orientation of captured antibodies for glycan analysis.
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144
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Marchi LF, Paoliello-Paschoalato AB, Oliveira RDR, Azzolini AECS, Kabeya LM, Donadi EA, Lucisano-Valim YM. Activation status of peripheral blood neutrophils and the complement system in adult rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing combined therapy with infliximab and methotrexate. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:1043-1052. [PMID: 29464314 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-3997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We examined the functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils and the complement system activation status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing infliximab/methotrexate combined therapy. We studied female RA patients under treatment with infliximab (3-5 mg/kg) and methotrexate (15-25 mg/week) who presented inactive (i-RA; n = 34, DAS-28 ≤ 2.6) or at least moderately active disease (a-RA; n = 29, DAS-28 > 3.2), and age-matched healthy women (n = 38). We measured the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (chemiluminescence assay) and membrane expression of FcγRIIa/CD32, FcγRIIIb/CD16, CR1/CD35, and CR3/CD11b receptors (ELISA assay) in neutrophils. We also determined the hemolytic activity of the alternative and classical pathways of the complement system (spectrophotometry), serum levels of C5a and Bb (ELISA assay), and serum chemotactic activity (Boyden chamber). Compared with the control group, i-RA and a-RA patients exhibited: (1) increased neutrophil ROS production and membrane expression of FcγRIIa/CD32, FcγRIIIb/CD16, and CR1/CD35, indicating neutrophil activation; and (2) increased serum chemotactic activity and decreased activity of the alternative complement pathway, indicating systemic complement system activation. The levels of C-reactive protein in a-RA patients were augmented, compared with i-RA patients. Although infliximab/methotrexate combined therapy induced disease remission according to the DAS-28 criteria, both i-RA and a-RA patients still exhibited significant levels of systemic activation of neutrophils and the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa F Marchi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Adriana B Paoliello-Paschoalato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Renê D R Oliveira
- Division of Rheumatology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa C S Azzolini
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Kabeya
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Donadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Lucisano-Valim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
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145
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Abstract
IgG4 autoimmune diseases are characterized by the presence of antigen-specific autoantibodies of the IgG4 subclass and contain well-characterized diseases such as muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis, pemphigus, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. In recent years, several new diseases were identified, and by now 14 antigens targeted by IgG4 autoantibodies have been described. The IgG4 subclass is considered immunologically inert and functionally monovalent due to structural differences compared to other IgG subclasses. IgG4 usually arises after chronic exposure to antigen and competes with other antibody species, thus "blocking" their pathogenic effector mechanisms. Accordingly, in the context of IgG4 autoimmunity, the pathogenicity of IgG4 is associated with blocking of enzymatic activity or protein-protein interactions of the target antigen. Pathogenicity of IgG4 autoantibodies has not yet been systematically analyzed in IgG4 autoimmune diseases. Here, we establish a modified classification system based on Witebsky's postulates to determine IgG4 pathogenicity in IgG4 autoimmune diseases, review characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of IgG4 in these disorders, and also investigate the contribution of other antibody entities to pathophysiology by additional mechanisms. As a result, three classes of IgG4 autoimmune diseases emerge: class I where IgG4 pathogenicity is validated by the use of subclass-specific autoantibodies in animal models and/or in vitro models of pathogenicity; class II where IgG4 pathogenicity is highly suspected but lack validation by the use of subclass specific antibodies in in vitro models of pathogenicity or animal models; and class III with insufficient data or a pathogenic mechanism associated with multivalent antigen binding. Five out of the 14 IgG4 antigens were validated as class I, five as class II, and four as class III. Antibodies of other IgG subclasses or immunoglobulin classes were present in several diseases and could contribute additional pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Koneczny
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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146
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Scherer HU, Huizinga TWJ, Krönke G, Schett G, Toes REM. The B cell response to citrullinated antigens in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 14:157-169. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2018.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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147
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Montacir O, Montacir H, Springer A, Hinderlich S, Mahboudi F, Saadati A, Parr MK. Physicochemical Characterization, Glycosylation Pattern and Biosimilarity Assessment of the Fusion Protein Etanercept. Protein J 2018; 37:164-179. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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148
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Unravelling Immunoglobulin G Fc N-Glycosylation: A Dynamic Marker Potentiating Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020390. [PMID: 29382131 PMCID: PMC5855612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors influence immunoglobulin G glycosylation, which in turn affect the glycoproteins’ function on eliciting an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory response. It is prudent to underscore these processes when considering the use of immunoglobulin G N-glycan moieties as an indication of disease presence, progress, or response to therapeutics. It has been demonstrated that the altered expression of genes that encode enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of immunoglobulin G N-glycans, receptors, or complement factors may significantly modify immunoglobulin G effector response, which is important for regulating the immune system. The immunoglobulin G N-glycome is highly heterogenous; however, it is considered an interphenotype of disease (a link between genetic predisposition and environmental exposure) and so has the potential to be used as a dynamic biomarker from the perspective of predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine. Undoubtedly, a deeper understanding of how the multiple factors interact with each other to alter immunoglobulin G glycosylation is crucial. Herein we review the current literature on immunoglobulin G glycoprotein structure, immunoglobulin G Fc glycosylation, associated receptors, and complement factors, the downstream effector functions, and the factors associated with the heterogeneity of immunoglobulin G glycosylation.
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149
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Reiding KR, Vreeker GCM, Bondt A, Bladergroen MR, Hazes JMW, van der Burgt YEM, Wuhrer M, Dolhain RJEM. Serum Protein N-Glycosylation Changes with Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity during and after Pregnancy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 4:241. [PMID: 29359131 PMCID: PMC5766648 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) improve during pregnancy, a phenomenon that was found to be associated with N-glycosylation changes of immunoglobulin G. Recent advances in high-throughput glycosylation analysis allow the assessment of the N-glycome of human sera as well. The aim of this study was to identify new protein N-glycosylation properties that associate with changes in RA disease activity during and after pregnancy. A longitudinal cohort of serum samples was collected during 285 pregnancies (32 control individuals and 253 RA patients). Per individual one sample was collected before conception, three during pregnancy, and three after delivery. Released serum protein N-glycans were measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) after employing chemical modification of the sialic acids to allow discrimination of sialic acid linkage isomers. Serum protein N-glycosylation showed strongly modified during pregnancy, with similar changes visible in control individuals and RA pregnancies. Namely, a decrease in bisection and an increase in galactosylation in diantennary glycans were found, as well as an increase in tri- and tetraantennary species and α2,3-linked sialylation thereof. The change in RA disease activity [DAS28(3)-CRP] proved negatively associated with the galactosylation of diantennary N-glycans, and positively with the sialylation of triantennary fucosylated species (A3FGS). While the protein source of the novel finding A3FGS is thus far unknown, its further study may improve our understanding of the etiology of RA disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R Reiding
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gerda C M Vreeker
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marco R Bladergroen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johanna M W Hazes
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yuri E M van der Burgt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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150
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Fletcher EA, Eltahir M, Lindqvist F, Rieth J, Törnqvist G, Leja-Jarblad J, Mangsbo SM. Extracorporeal human whole blood in motion, as a tool to predict first-infusion reactions and mechanism-of-action of immunotherapeutics. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 54:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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