101
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van der Miesen MM, Lindquist MA, Wager TD. Neuroimaging-based biomarkers for pain: state of the field and current directions. Pain Rep 2019; 4:e751. [PMID: 31579847 PMCID: PMC6727991 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is an endemic problem involving both peripheral and brain pathophysiology. Although biomarkers have revolutionized many areas of medicine, biomarkers for pain have remained controversial and relatively underdeveloped. With the realization that biomarkers can reveal pain-causing mechanisms of disease in brain circuits and in the periphery, this situation is poised to change. In particular, brain pathophysiology may be diagnosable with human brain imaging, particularly when imaging is combined with machine learning techniques designed to identify predictive measures embedded in complex data sets. In this review, we explicate the need for brain-based biomarkers for pain, some of their potential uses, and some of the most popular machine learning approaches that have been brought to bear. Then, we evaluate the current state of pain biomarkers developed with several commonly used methods, including structural magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography. The field is in the early stages of biomarker development, but these complementary methodologies have already produced some encouraging predictive models that must be tested more extensively across laboratories and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite M. van der Miesen
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tor D. Wager
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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102
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Alpha-phase synchrony EEG training for multi-resistant chronic low back pain patients: an open-label pilot study. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 28:2487-2501. [PMID: 31254096 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-06051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic low back pain (cLBP) affects a quarter of a population during its lifetime. The most severe cases include patients not responding to interventions such as 5-week-long in-hospital multi-disciplinary protocols. This document reports on a pilot study offering an alpha-phase synchronization (APS) brain rehabilitation intervention to a population of n = 16 multi-resistant cLBP patients. METHODS The intervention consists of 20 sessions of highly controlled electroencephalography (EEG) APS operant conditioning (neurofeedback) paradigm delivered in the form of visual feedback. Visual analogue scale for pain, Dallas, Hamilton, and HAD were measured before, after, at 6-month and 12-month follow-up. Full-scalp EEG data were analyzed to study significant changes in the brain's electrical activity. RESULTS The intervention showed a great and lasting response of most measured clinical scales. The clinical improvement was lasting beyond the 6-month follow-up endpoints. The EEG data confirm that patients did control (intra-session trends) and learned to better control (intersession trends) their APS neuromarker resulting in (nonsignificant) baseline changes in their resting state activity. Last and most significantly, the alpha-phase concentration (APC) neuromarker, specific to phase rather than amplitude, was found to correlate significantly with the reduction in clinical symptoms in a typical dose-response effect. CONCLUSION This first experiment highlights the role of the APC neuromarker in relation to the nucleus accumbens activity and its role on nociception and the chronicity of pain. This study suggests APC rehabilitation could be used clinically for the most severe cases of cLBP. Its excellent safety profile and availability as a home-use intervention makes it a potentially disruptive tool in the context of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid abuses. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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103
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Sugiyama E, Kondo T, Kuzumaki N, Honda K, Yamanaka A, Narita M, Suematsu M, Sugiura Y. Mechanical allodynia induced by optogenetic sensory nerve excitation activates dopamine signaling and metabolism in medial nucleus accumbens. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104494. [PMID: 31233839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopaminergic signaling, such as that originating from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons in the medial part of the nucleus accumbens (mNAc), plays a role in complex sensory and affective components of pain. To date, we have demonstrated that optogenetic sensory nerve stimulation rapidly alters the dopamine (DA) content within the mNAc. However, the physiological role and biochemical processes underlying such rapid and regional dynamics of DA remain unclear. In this study, using imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), we observed that sensitized pain stimulation by optogenetic sensory nerve activation increased DA and 3-Methoxytyramine (3-MT; a post-synaptic metabolite obtained following DA degradation) in the mNAc of the experimental mice. To delineate the mechanism associated with elevation of DA and 3-MT, the de novo synthesized DA in the VTA/substantia nigra terminal areas was evaluated using IMS by visualizing the metabolic conversion of stable isotope-labeled tyrosine (13C15N-Tyr) to DA. Our approach revealed that at steady state, the de novo synthesized DA occupied >10% of the non-labeled DA pool in the NAc within 1.5 h of isotope-labeled Tyr administration, despite no significant increase following pain stimulation. These results suggested that sensitized pain triggered an increase in the release and postsynaptic intake of DA in the mNAc, followed by its degradation, and likely delayed de novo DA synthesis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that short, peripheral nerve excitation with mechanical stimulation accelerates the mNAc-specific DA signaling and metabolism which might be associated with the development of mechanical allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashige Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Kuzumaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kurara Honda
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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104
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Abstract
Pain has a useful protective role; through avoidance learning, it helps to decrease the probability of engaging in tissue-damaging, or otherwise dangerous experiences. In our modern society, the experience of acute post-surgical pain and the development of chronic pain states represent an unnecessary negative outcome. This has become an important health issue as more than 30% of the US population reports experiencing "unnecessary" pain at any given time. Opioid therapies are often efficacious treatments for severe and acute pain; however, in addition to their powerful analgesic properties, opioids produce potent reinforcing properties and their inappropriate use has led to the current opioid overdose epidemic in North America. Dissecting the allostatic changes occurring in nociceptors and neuronal pathways in response to pain are the first and most important steps in understanding the physiologic changes underlying the opioid epidemic. Full characterization of these adaptations will provide novel targets for the development of safer pharmacotherapies. In this review, we highlight the current efforts toward safer opioid treatments and describe our current knowledge of the interaction between pain and opioid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Massaly
- Department of Anesthesiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, MO, 63110 ; USA
- Washington University Pain Center; St. Louis, MO, 63110 ; USA
- Washington University in St Louis; School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, 63110 ; USA
| | - Jose A Morón
- Department of Anesthesiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, MO, 63110 ; USA
- Washington University Pain Center; St. Louis, MO, 63110 ; USA
- Washington University in St Louis; School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, 63110 ; USA
- Department of Neuroscience; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, MO, 63110 ; USA
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105
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Massaly N, Copits BA, Wilson-Poe AR, Hipólito L, Markovic T, Yoon HJ, Liu S, Walicki MC, Bhatti DL, Sirohi S, Klaas A, Walker BM, Neve R, Cahill CM, Shoghi KI, Gereau RW, McCall JG, Al-Hasani R, Bruchas MR, Morón JA. Pain-Induced Negative Affect Is Mediated via Recruitment of The Nucleus Accumbens Kappa Opioid System. Neuron 2019; 102:564-573.e6. [PMID: 30878290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Negative affective states affect quality of life for patients suffering from pain. These maladaptive emotional states can lead to involuntary opioid overdose and many neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Uncovering the mechanisms responsible for pain-induced negative affect is critical in addressing these comorbid outcomes. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell, which integrates the aversive and rewarding valence of stimuli, exhibits plastic adaptations in the presence of pain. In discrete regions of the NAc, activation of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) decreases the reinforcing properties of rewards and induces aversive behaviors. Using complementary techniques, we report that in vivo recruitment of NAc shell dynorphin neurons, acting through KOR, is necessary and sufficient to drive pain-induced negative affect. Taken together, our results provide evidence that pain-induced adaptations in the kappa opioid system within the NAc shell represent a functional target for therapeutic intervention that could circumvent pain-induced affective disorders. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Massaly
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bryan A Copits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Adrianne R Wilson-Poe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lucia Hipólito
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Tamara Markovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hye Jean Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marie C Walicki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dionnet L Bhatti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sunil Sirohi
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA
| | - Amanda Klaas
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brendan M Walker
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA
| | - Rachael Neve
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Viral Gene Transfer Core, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kooresh I Shoghi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jordan G McCall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ream Al-Hasani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Jose A Morón
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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106
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Nguyen HX, Bursac N. Ion channel engineering for modulation and de novo generation of electrical excitability. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 58:100-107. [PMID: 30776744 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels play essential roles in regulating electrical properties of excitable tissues. By leveraging various ion channel gating mechanisms, scientists have developed a versatile set of genetically encoded tools to modulate intrinsic tissue excitability under different experimental settings. In this article, we will review how ion channels activated by voltage, light, small chemicals, stretch, and temperature have been customized to enable control of tissue excitability both in vitro and in vivo. Advantages and limitations of each of these ion channel-engineering platforms will be discussed and notable applications will be highlighted. Furthermore, we will describe recent progress on de novo generation of excitable tissues via expression of appropriate sets of engineered voltage-gated ion channels and discuss potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung X Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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107
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HCN2 Channels in Cholinergic Interneurons of Nucleus Accumbens Shell Regulate Depressive Behaviors. Neuron 2019; 101:662-672.e5. [PMID: 30638901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been implicated in drug addiction, reward, and mood disorders. However, the physiological role of ChIs in depression has not been characterized. Here, we show that the tonic firing rate of ChIs in NAc shell is reduced in chronic stress mouse models and in a genetic mouse model of depression. Chemogenetic inhibition of NAc ChIs renders naive mice susceptible to stress, whereas enhancement of ChI activity reverses depressive phenotypes. As a component of the molecular mechanism, we found that the expression and function of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (HCN2) are decreased in ChIs of NAc shell in depressed mice. Overexpression of HCN2 channels in ChIs enhances cell activity and is sufficient to rescue depressive phenotypes. These data suggest that enhancement of HCN2 channel activity in NAc ChIs is a feasible approach for the development of a new class of antidepressants.
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108
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Li C, Liu S, Lu X, Tao F. Role of Descending Dopaminergic Pathways in Pain Modulation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:1176-1182. [PMID: 31182003 PMCID: PMC7057207 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190430102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain, especially when chronic, is a common reason patients seek medical care and it affects the quality of life and well-being of the patients. Unfortunately, currently available therapies for chronic pain are often inadequate because the neurobiological basis of such pain is still not fully understood. Although dopamine has been known as a neurotransmitter to mediate reward and motivation, accumulating evidence has shown that dopamine systems in the brain are also involved in the central regulation of chronic pain. Most importantly, descending dopaminergic pathways play an important role in pain modulation. In this review, we discuss dopamine receptors, dopaminergic systems in the brain, and the role of descending dopaminergic pathways in the modulation of different types of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xihua Lu
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Feng Tao, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246, USA; Tel: 1-214-828-8272; E-mail: and Xihua Lu, 127 Dongming Road,Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; Tel: 86-371-6558-7320; E-mail:
| | - Feng Tao
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Feng Tao, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246, USA; Tel: 1-214-828-8272; E-mail: and Xihua Lu, 127 Dongming Road,Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; Tel: 86-371-6558-7320; E-mail:
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109
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Zhang Q, Yu S, Wang Y, Wang M, Yang Y, Wei W, Guo X, Zeng F, Liang F, Yang J. Abnormal reward system network in primary dysmenorrhea. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919862096. [PMID: 31286840 PMCID: PMC6616063 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919862096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that reward system is associated with chronic pain diseases. In addition, previous studies have also demonstrated abnormal functional and structural brain regions in primary dysmenorrhea. However, the relation of reward system and primary dysmenorrhea is still unknown. Using the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we aimed to investigate the functional connectivity changes of reward system during periovulatory phase in primary dysmenorrhea. Forty-one primary dysmenorrhea patients and 39 matched female healthy controls participated in this study. Compared to healthy controls, primary dysmenorrhea patients showed decreased connectivity of left nucleus accumbens with the bilateral anterior insula and the left amygdala and decreased connectivity of right nucleus accumbens with ventral tegmental area, the left hippocampus, the right orbital frontal cortex, and the right anterior insula. In addition, the decreased functional connectivity between the right nucleus accumbens-ventral tegmental area negatively correlated with the level of prostaglandin F2 alpha. Our findings provide neuroimaging evidence in support of the abnormal reward system connectivity in primary dysmenorrhea patients, which might contribute to a better understanding of the cerebral pathophysiology of primary dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Yu
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Minyu Wang
- Damian Honghe Community Health Service Center of Longquanyi, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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110
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Vachon-Presseau E. Effects of stress on the corticolimbic system: implications for chronic pain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 87:216-223. [PMID: 29079140 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress has multifaceted effects on pain. On the one hand, it is a powerful inhibitor of nociception and inflammation; on the other hand, it contributes to enhanced pathological states including the establishment and continuation of chronic pain. These seemingly paradoxical effects can be better understood by investigating how stress-induced plasticity in particular brain circuitry contributes to the chronic pain state. This review presents the rationale and evidence for the interactions between stress and pain, emphasizing underlying mechanisms and putting forth the hypothesis that stress partly mediates the deleterious effects of pain on the corticolimbic system. First, a general description of the corticolimbic circuitry predisposing and amplifying chronic pain will be discussed, followed by an overview of the neurotoxic effects of stress hormones on this circuitry. Recent studies show that the resulting perturbations to these brain circuits have significant consequences both for chronic pain and for general regulation of the stress response, primarily through feedback mechanisms controlling the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This overlap in effected circuitry provides a key point of comparison between stress and pain, and the similarities between the plasticity induced by chronic pain and chronic stress will be examined here. Chronic pain patients have been shown to exhibit maladaptive stress responses in general and in response to pain; the cause of this response and its consequence on pain severity will then be reviewed. Finally, factors that have been shown to lead to resilience or vulnerability for chronic pain and maladaptive stress responses will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Vachon-Presseau
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, Room 1020, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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111
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Taylor AM. Corticolimbic circuitry in the modulation of chronic pain and substance abuse. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 87:263-268. [PMID: 28501595 PMCID: PMC5681440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transition from acute to chronic pain is accompanied by increased engagement of emotional and motivational circuits. Adaptations within this corticolimbic circuitry contribute to the cellular and behavioral maladaptations associated with chronic pain. Central regions within the corticolimbic brain include the mesolimbic dopamine system, the amygdala, and the medial prefrontal cortex. The evidence reviewed herein supports the notion that chronic pain induces significant changes within these corticolimbic regions that contribute to the chronicity and intractability of pain. In addition, pain-induced changes in corticolimbic circuitry are poised to impact motivated behavior and reward responsiveness to environmental stimuli, and may modulate the addiction liability of drugs of abuse, such as opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M.W. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles
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112
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Finan PH, Remeniuk B, Dunn KE. The risk for problematic opioid use in chronic pain: What can we learn from studies of pain and reward? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 87:255-262. [PMID: 28778406 PMCID: PMC5821601 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Problematic prescription opioid use is cited as a primary contributor to the current 'opioid epidemic' in the United States, which is characterized by recent rapid increases in individuals seeking treatment for opioid dependence and staggering rates of opioid overdose deaths. Individuals with chronic pain are commonly prescribed opioids to treat pain, and by this mere exposure are at increased risk for the development of problematic opioid use. However, the factors contributing to variation in risk across patients have only recently begun to be unraveled. In the present review, we describe the recent and expanding literature on interactions between pain and reward system function in an effort to inform our understanding of risk for problematic opioid use in chronic pain. To that end, we describe the limited experimental evidence regarding opioid abuse liability under conditions of pain, and offer suggestions for how to advance a research agenda that better informs clinicians about the factors contributing to opioid addiction risk in patients with chronic pain. We raise mechanistic hypotheses by highlighting the primary conclusions of several recent reviews on the neurobiology of pain and reward, with an emphasis on describing dopamine deficits in chronic pain, the role of the reward system in mediating the affective and motivational components of pain, and the role of opponent reward/anti-reward processes in the perpetuation of pain states and the development of problematic opioid use behaviors. Finally, we also argue that positive affect-which is directly regulated by the mesolimbic reward system-is a key pain inhibitory factor that, when deficient, may increase risk for problematic opioid use, and present a model that integrates the potential contributions of pain, reward system function, and positive affect to problematic opioid use risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Finan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Bethany Remeniuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Kelly E Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States
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113
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114
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Huang S, Borgland SL, Zamponi GW. Dopaminergic modulation of pain signals in the medial prefrontal cortex: Challenges and perspectives. Neurosci Lett 2018; 702:71-76. [PMID: 30503912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a massive socieoeconomic burden and is often refractory to treatment. To devise novel therapeutic interventions, it is important to understand in detail the processing of pain signals in the brain. Recent studies have revealed shared features between the brain's reward and pain systems. Dopamine (DA) is a key neuromodulator in the mesocorticolimbic system that has been implicated not only in motivated behaviours, reinforcement learning and reward processing, but also in the pain axis. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is an important region for mediating executive functions including attention, judgement, and learning. Studies have revealed that the mPFC undergoes plasticity during the development of chronic pain. The mPFC receives dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and stimulation of these inputs has been shown to modulate the plasticity of the mPFC and anxiety and aversive behaviour. Here, we review the role of the mPFC and its dopaminergic modulation in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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115
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Abstract
Pain has a strong emotional component and is defined by its unpleasantness. Chronic pain represents a complex disorder with anxio-depressive symptoms and cognitive deficits. Underlying mechanisms are still not well understood but an important role for interactions between prefrontal cortical areas and subcortical limbic structures has emerged. Evidence from preclinical studies in the rodent brain suggests that neuroplastic changes in prefrontal (anterior cingulate, prelimbic and infralimbic) cortical and subcortical (amygdala and nucleus accumbens) brain areas and their interactions (corticolimbic circuitry) contribute to the complexity and persistence of pain and may be predetermining factors as has been proposed in recent human neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, United States; Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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116
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Reddan MC, Wager TD. Brain systems at the intersection of chronic pain and self-regulation. Neurosci Lett 2018; 702:24-33. [PMID: 30503923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a multidimensional experience with cognitive, affective, and somatosensory components that can be modified by expectations and learning. Individual differences in cognitive and affective processing, as well as contextual aspects of the pain experience, render chronic pain an inherently personal experience. Such individual differences are supported by the heterogeneity of brain representations within and across chronic pain pathologies. In this review, we discuss the complexity of brain representations of pain, and, with respect to this complexity, identify common elements of network-level disruptions in chronic pain. Specifically, we identify prefrontal-limbic circuitry and the default mode network as key elements of functional disruption. We then discuss how these disrupted circuits can be targeted through self-regulation and related cognitive strategies to alleviate chronic pain. We conclude with a proposal for how to develop personalized multivariate models of pain representation in the brain and target them with real-time neurofeedback, so that patients can explore and practice self-regulatory techniques with maximal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tor D Wager
- University of Colorado, Boulder, United States.
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117
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Pollema-Mays SL, Centeno MV, Chang Z, Apkarian AV, Martina M. Reduced ΔFosB expression in the rat nucleus accumbens has causal role in the neuropathic pain phenotype. Neurosci Lett 2018; 702:77-83. [PMID: 30503921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The neuropathic pain phenotype is the consequence of functional and morphological reorganization of the PNS and CNS. This reorganization includes DRGs and the spinal cord, and extends to multiple supraspinal areas including the limbic and reward systems. Several recent papers show that acute manipulation of cortical and subcortical brain areas causally correlates with the cognitive, emotional and sensory components of neuropathic pain, yet mechanisms responsible for pain chronification remain largely unknown. Here we show that nucleus accumbens expression of ΔFos-B, a transcription factor that plays a critical role in addiction and in the brain response to stress, is reduced long term following peripheral neuropathic injury. Conversely, boosting ΔFos-B expression in the nucleus accumbens by viral transfection causes a significant and long-lasting improvement of the neuropathic allodynia. We suggest that ΔFos-B in the nucleus accumbens is a key modulator of long term gene expression leading to pain chronification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Pollema-Mays
- Dept. of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Maria Virginia Centeno
- Dept. of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Zheng Chang
- Dept. of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - A Vania Apkarian
- Dept. of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Marco Martina
- Dept. of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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118
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Apkarian AV, Reckziegel D. Peripheral and central viewpoints of chronic pain, and translational implications. Neurosci Lett 2018; 702:3-5. [PMID: 30503914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This overview covers advances in mechanisms of chronic pain and their consequent clinical opportunities. Our research field is fractured into two separate camps: "peripheralists" and "centralists". While the strong position of the first group is the contention that mechanisms of chronic pain can be understood within the limits of afferent inputs and spinal cord circuitry, the second group insists that the rest of the brain plays a critical role. Here we attempt to conjoin these positions, across clinical pain conditions and animal studies, and demonstrate that the effort can lead to novel translational concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vania Apkarian
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Diane Reckziegel
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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119
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Abstract
Chemogenetic technologies enable selective pharmacological control of specific cell populations. An increasing number of approaches have been developed that modulate different signaling pathways. Selective pharmacological control over G protein-coupled receptor signaling, ion channel conductances, protein association, protein stability, and small molecule targeting allows modulation of cellular processes in distinct cell types. Here, we review these chemogenetic technologies and instances of their applications in complex tissues in vivo and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Regenerative-Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul , Turkey ; and Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn, Virginia
| | - Scott M Sternson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Regenerative-Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul , Turkey ; and Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn, Virginia
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120
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Miyazawa Y, Takahashi Y, Watabe AM, Kato F. Predominant synaptic potentiation and activation in the right central amygdala are independent of bilateral parabrachial activation in the hemilateral trigeminal inflammatory pain model of rats. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918807102. [PMID: 30270724 PMCID: PMC6243415 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918807102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociceptive signals originating in the periphery are conveyed to the brain through specific afferent and ascending pathways. The spino-(trigemino-)parabrachio-amygdaloid pathway is one of the principal pathways mediating signals from nociception-specific ascending neurons to the central amygdala, a limbic structure involved in aversive signal-associated emotional responses, including the emotional aspects of pain. Recent studies suggest that the right and left central amygdala play distinct roles in the regulation of nociceptive responses. Using a latent formalin inflammatory pain model of the rat, we analyzed the right-left differences in synaptic potentiation at the synapses formed between the fibers from the lateral parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala neurons as well as those in the c-Fos expression in the lateral parabrachial nucleus, central amygdala, and the basolateral/lateral amygdala after formalin injection to either the right or left side of the rat upper lip. Although the single-sided formalin injection caused a significant bilateral increase in c-Fos-expressing neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus with slight projection-side dependence, the increase in the amplitude of postsynaptic excitatory currents and the number of c-Fos-expressing neurons in the central amygdala occurred predominantly on the right side regardless of the side of the inflammation. Although there was no significant correlation in the number of c-Fos-expressing neurons between the lateral parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala in the formalin-injected animals, these numbers were significantly correlated between the basolateral amygdala and central amygdala. It is thus concluded that the lateral parabrachial nucleus-central amygdala synaptic potentiation reported in various pain models is not a simple Hebbian plasticity in which raised inputs from the lateral parabrachial nucleus cause lateral parabrachial nucleus-central amygdala potentiation but rather an integrative and adaptive response involving specific mechanisms in the right central amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Miyazawa
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Center for Neuroscience of Pain, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Takahashi
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Center for Neuroscience of Pain, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako M Watabe
- 2 Center for Neuroscience of Pain, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,3 Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fusao Kato
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Center for Neuroscience of Pain, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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121
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Chemokine receptor CCR2 contributes to neuropathic pain and the associated depression via increasing NR2B-mediated currents in both D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-containing medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2320-2330. [PMID: 29993042 PMCID: PMC6135748 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with neuropathic pain are usually accompanied by depression. Chemokine-mediated neuroinflammation is involved in a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and chronic pain. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is an important area in mediating pain sensation and depression. Here we report that spinal nerve ligation (SNL) induced upregulation of chemokine CCL2 and its major receptor CCR2 in both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor (D1R and D2R)-containing neurons in the NAc. Inhibition of CCR2 by shRNA lentivirus in the NAc shell attenuated SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity and depressive behaviors. Conversely, intra-NAc injection of CCL2-expressing lentivirus-induced nociceptive and depressive behaviors in naïve mice. Whole-cell patch clamp recording of D1R-positive or D2R-positive medium spiny neurons (MSNs) showed that SNL increased NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated currents that are induced by stimulation of prefrontal cortical afferents to MSNs, which was inhibited by a CCR2 antagonist. Furthermore, Ccr2 shRNA also reduced NMDAR-mediated currents, and this reduction was mainly mediated via NR2B subunit. Consistently, NR2B, colocalized with CCR2 in the NAc, was phosphorylated after SNL and was inhibited by intra-NAc injection of Ccr2 shRNA. Furthermore, SNL or CCL2 induced ERK activation in the NAc. Inhibition of ERK by a MEK inhibitor reduced NR2B phosphorylation induced by SNL or CCL2. Finally, intra-NAc injection of NR2B antagonist or MEK inhibitor attenuated SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity and depressive behaviors. Collectively, these results suggest that CCL2/CCR2 signaling in the NAc shell is important in mediating neuropathic pain and depression via regulating NR2B-mediated NMDAR function in D1R- and D2R-containing neurons following peripheral nerve injury.
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122
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Kiritoshi T, Neugebauer V. Pathway-Specific Alterations of Cortico-Amygdala Transmission in an Arthritis Pain Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2252-2261. [PMID: 29630339 PMCID: PMC6146017 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala are closely interconnected brain areas that play a key role in cognitive-affective aspects of pain through their reciprocal interactions. Clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that dysfunctions in the mPFC-amygdala circuitry underlie pain-related cognitive-affective deficits. However, synaptic mechanisms of pain-related changes in these long-range pathways are largely unknown. Here we used optogenetics and brain slice physiology to analyze synaptic transmission in different types of amygdala neurons driven by inputs from infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) subdivisions of the mPFC. We found that IL inputs evoked stronger synaptic inhibition of neurons in the latero-capsular division of the central nucleus (CeLC) of the amygdala than PL inputs, and this inhibition was impaired in an arthritis pain model. Furthermore, inhibition-excitation ratio in basolateral amygdala neurons was increased in the pain model in the IL pathway but not in the PL pathway. These results suggest that IL rather than PL controls CeLC activity, and that changes in this acute pain model occur predominantly in the IL-amygdala pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), School of Medicine 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430-6592
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123
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124
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Forebrain medial septum sustains experimental neuropathic pain. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11892. [PMID: 30089875 PMCID: PMC6082830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the role of the medial septal region (MS) in experimental neuropathic pain. For the first time, we found that the MS sustains nociceptive behaviors in rodent models of neuropathic pain, especially in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model and the paclitaxel model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. For example, inactivation of the MS with intraseptal muscimol (2 μg/μl, 0.5 μl), a GABA mimetic, reversed peripheral hypersensitivity (PH) in the CCI model and induced place preference in a conditioned place preference task, a surrogate measure of spontaneous nociception. The effect of intraseptal muscimol on PH was comparable to that seen with microinjection of the local anesthetic, lidocaine, into rostral ventromedial medulla which is implicated in facilitating experimental chronic nociception. Cellular analysis in the CCI model showed that the MS region sustains nociceptive gain with CCI by facilitating basal nociceptive processing and the amplification of stimulus-evoked neural processing. Indeed, consistent with the idea that excitatory transmission through MS facilitates chronic experimental pain, intraseptal microinjection of antagonists acting at AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors attenuated CCI-induced PH. We propose that the MS is a central monitor of bodily nociception which sustains molecular plasticity triggered by persistent noxious insult.
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125
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Qi C, Guo B, Ren K, Yao H, Wang M, Sun T, Cai G, Liu H, Li R, Luo C, Wang W, Wu S. Chronic inflammatory pain decreases the glutamate vesicles in presynaptic terminals of the nucleus accumbens. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918781259. [PMID: 29770746 PMCID: PMC6009081 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918781259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reward system has been proved to be important to nociceptive behavior, and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key node in reward circuitry. It has been further revealed that dopamine system modulates the NAc to influence the pain sensation, whereas the role of glutamatergic projection in the NAc in the modulation of chronic pain is still elusive. In this study, we used a complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain model to explore the changes of the glutamatergic terminals in the NAc, and we found that following the chronic inflammation, the protein level of vesicular glutamate transporter1 (VGLUT1) was significantly decreased in the NAc. Immunofluorescence staining further showed a reduced expression of VGLUT1-positive terminals in the dopamine receptor 2 (D2R) spiny projection neurons of NAc after chronic inflammatory pain. Furthermore, using a whole-cell recording in double transgenic mice, in which dopamine receptor 1- and D2R-expressing neurons can be visualized, we found that the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents was significantly decreased and paired-pulse ratio of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents was increased in D2R neurons, but not in dopamine receptor 1 neurons in NAc of complete Freund’s adjuvant group. Moreover, the abnormal expression of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complex contributed to the reduced formation of glutamate vesicles. Hence, our results demonstrated that decreased glutamate release in the indirect pathway of the NAc may be a critical mechanism for chronic pain and provided a novel evidence for the presynaptic mechanisms in chronic pain regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Qi
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Baolin Guo
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Keke Ren
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Han Yao
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Tangna Sun
- 2 Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Guohong Cai
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Liu
- 3 Cadet Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- 3 Cadet Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Ceng Luo
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Wang
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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126
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Kelly CJ, Martina M. Circuit-selective properties of glutamatergic inputs to the rat prelimbic cortex and their alterations in neuropathic pain. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2627-2639. [PMID: 29550939 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional deactivation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a critical step in the neuropathic pain phenotype. We performed optogenetic circuit dissection to study the properties of ventral hippocampal (vHipp) and thalamic (MDTh) inputs to L5 pyramidal cells in acute mPFC slices and to test whether alterations in these inputs contribute to mPFC deactivation in neuropathic pain. We found that: (1) both the vHipp and MDTh inputs elicit monosynaptic excitatory and polysynaptic inhibitory currents. (2) The strength of the excitatory MDTh input is uniform, while the vHipp input becomes progressively stronger along the dorsal-ventral axis. (3) Synaptic current kinetics suggests that the MDTh inputs contact distal, while the vHipp inputs contact proximal dendritic sections. (4) The longer delay of inhibitory currents in response to vHipp compared to MDTh inputs suggests that they are activated by feedback and feed-forward circuitries, respectively. (5) One week after a peripheral neuropathic injury, both glutamatergic inputs are modified: MDTh responses are smaller, without evidence of presynaptic changes, while the probability of release at vHipp-mPFC synapses becomes lower, without significant change in current amplitude. Thus, dysregulation of both these inputs likely contributes to the mPFC deactivation in neuropathic pain and may impair PFC-dependent cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystle J Kelly
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Marco Martina
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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127
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128
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Johnson AC, Latorre R, Ligon CO, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Visceral hypersensitivity induced by optogenetic activation of the amygdala in conscious rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G448-G457. [PMID: 29351398 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00370.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In vivo optogenetics identifies brain circuits controlling behaviors in conscious animals by using light to alter neuronal function and offers a novel tool to study the brain-gut axis. Using adenoviral-mediated expression, we aimed to investigate whether photoactivation with channelrhodopsin (ChR2) or photoinhibition with halorhodopsin (HR3.0) of fibers originating from the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) at the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) had any effect on colonic sensitivity. We also investigated whether there was any deleterious effect of the adenovirus on the neuronal population or the neuronal phenotype within the CeA-BNST circuitry activated during the optogenetic stimulation. In male rats, the CeA was infected with vectors expressing ChR2 or HR3.0 and fiber optic cannulae were implanted on the BNST. After 8-10 wk, the response to graded, isobaric colonic distension was measured with and without laser stimulation of CeA fibers at the BNST. Immunohistochemistry and histology were used to evaluate vector expression, neuronal integrity, and neurochemical phenotype. Photoactivation of CeA fibers at the BNST with ChR2 induced colonic hypersensitivity, whereas photoinhibition of CeA fibers at the BNST with HR3.0 had no effect on colonic sensitivity. Control groups treated with virus expressing reporter proteins showed no abnormalities in neuronal morphology, neuronal number, or neurochemical phenotype following laser stimulation. Our experimental findings reveal that optogenetic activation of discrete brain nuclei can be used to advance our understanding of complex visceral nociceptive circuitry in a freely moving rat model. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings reveal that optogenetic technology can be employed as a tool to advance understanding of the brain-gut axis. Using adenoviral-mediated expression of opsins, which were activated by laser light and targeted by fiber optic cannulae, we examined central nociceptive circuits mediating visceral pain in a freely moving rat. Photoactivation of amygdala fibers in the stria terminalis with channelrhodopsin induced colonic hypersensitivity, whereas inhibition of the same fibers with halorhodopsin did not alter colonic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocco Latorre
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Casey O Ligon
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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129
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Geha P, Schulman BR, Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG. Brain activity associated with pain in inherited erythromelalgia: stimulus-free pain engages brain areas involved in valuation and learning. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2018; 3:8-14. [PMID: 31080911 PMCID: PMC6505710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inherited erythromelalgia (IEM) is a chronic pain disorder caused by gain-of-function mutations of peripheral sodium channel Nav1.7, in which warmth triggers severe pain. Little is known about the brain representation of pain in IEM. Here we study two subjects with the IEM Nav1.7-S241T mutation using functional brain imaging (fMRI). Subjects were scanned during each of five visits. During each scan, pain was first triggered using a warming boot and subjects rated their thermal-heat pain. Next, the thermal stimulus was terminated and subjects rated stimulus-free pain. Last, subjects performed a control visual rating task. Thermal-heat induced pain mapped to the frontal gyrus, ventro-medial prefrontal cortex, superior parietal lobule, supplementary motor area, insula, primary and secondary somato-sensory motor cortices, dorsal and ventral striatum, amygdala, and hippocampus. Stimulus-free pain, by contrast, mapped mainly to the frontal cortex, including dorsal, ventral and medial prefrontal cortex, and supplementary motor area. Examination of time periods when stimulus-free pain was changing showed further activations in the valuation network including the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, striatum and amygdala, in addition to brainstem, thalamus, and insula. We conclude that, similar to other chronic pain conditions, the brain representation of stimulus-free pain during an attack in subjects with IEM engages brain areas involved in acute pain as well as valuation and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Geha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven CT 06519, United States
| | - Betsy R. Schulman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Hospital, West Haven, CT 06516, United States
| | - Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Hospital, West Haven, CT 06516, United States
| | - Stephen G. Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Hospital, West Haven, CT 06516, United States
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130
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Brain Reward Circuit and Pain. ADVANCES IN PAIN RESEARCH: MECHANISMS AND MODULATION OF CHRONIC PAIN 2018; 1099:201-210. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1756-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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131
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Watanabe M, Narita M, Hamada Y, Yamashita A, Tamura H, Ikegami D, Kondo T, Shinzato T, Shimizu T, Fukuchi Y, Muto A, Okano H, Yamanaka A, Tawfik VL, Kuzumaki N, Navratilova E, Porreca F, Narita M. Activation of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons reverses pathological allodynia resulting from nerve injury or bone cancer. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918756406. [PMID: 29357732 PMCID: PMC5802605 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918756406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain induced by nerve damage due to trauma or invasion of cancer to the bone elicits severe ongoing pain as well as hyperalgesia and allodynia likely reflecting adaptive changes within central circuits that amplify nociceptive signals. The present study explored the possible contribution of the mesolimbic dopaminergic circuit in promoting allodynia related to neuropathic and cancer pain. Mice with ligation of the sciatic nerve or treated with intrafemoral osteosarcoma cells showed allodynia to a thermal stimulus applied to the paw on the injured side. Patch clamp electrophysiology revealed that the intrinsic neuronal excitability of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens (N.Acc.) was significantly reduced in those mice. We used tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-cre mice that were microinjected with adeno-associated virus (AAV) to express channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to allow optogenetic stimulation of VTA dopaminergic neurons in the VTA or in their N.Acc. terminals. Optogenetic activation of these cells produced a significant but transient anti-allodynic effect in nerve injured or tumor-bearing mice without increasing response thresholds to thermal stimulation in sham-operated animals. Suppressed activity of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons is likely to contribute to decreased inhibition of N.Acc. output neurons and to neuropathic or cancer pain-induced allodynia suggesting strategies for modulation of pathological pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Narita
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Tamura
- Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Ikegami
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Takashige Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuto Shinzato
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatsune Shimizu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Fukuchi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Muto
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Vivianne L Tawfik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Naoko Kuzumaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Edita Navratilova
- Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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132
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Altered Functional Connectivity in Sickle Cell Disease Exists at Rest and During Acute Pain Challenge. Clin J Pain 2017; 33:1060-1070. [DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Brain activity for tactile allodynia: a longitudinal awake rat functional magnetic resonance imaging study tracking emergence of neuropathic pain. Pain 2017; 158:488-497. [PMID: 28135213 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tactile allodynia, a condition in which innocuous mechanical stimuli are perceived as painful, is a common feature of chronic pain. However, how the brain reorganizes in relation to the emergence of tactile allodynia is still largely unknown. This may stem from the fact that experiments in humans are cross-sectional in nature, whereas animal brain imaging studies typically require anaesthesia rendering the brain incapable of consciously sensing or responding to pain. In this longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study in awake rats, we tracked brain activity with the development of tactile allodynia. Before injury, innocuous air-puff stimuli evoked a distributed sensory network of activations, including contralateral somatosensory cortices, thalamus, insula, and cingulate cortex. Moreover, the primary somatosensory cortex displayed a graded response tracking air-puff stimulus intensities. After neuropathic injury, and for stimuli in which the intensity exceeded the paw withdrawal threshold (evoking tactile allodynia), the blood oxygenation level-dependent response in the primary somatosensory cortex was equivalent to that evoked by the identical stimulus before injury. In contrast, nucleus accumbens and prefrontal brain areas displayed abnormal activity to normally innocuous stimuli when such stimuli induced tactile allodynia at 28 days after peripheral nerve injury, which had not been the case at 5 days after injury. Our data indicate that tactile allodynia-related nociceptive inputs are not observable in the primary somatosensory cortex BOLD response. Instead, our data suggest that, in time, tactile allodynia differentially engages neural circuits that regulate the affective and motivational components of pain.
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Zhang H, Qian YL, Li C, Liu D, Wang L, Wang XY, Liu MJ, Liu H, Zhang S, Guo XY, Yang JX, Ding HL, Koo JW, Mouzon E, Deisseroth K, Nestler EJ, Zachariou V, Han MH, Cao JL. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Mesolimbic Reward Circuitry Mediates Nociception in Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:608-618. [PMID: 28390647 PMCID: PMC5788809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mesolimbic reward system plays a critical role in modulating nociception; however, its underlying molecular, cellular, and neural circuitry mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS Chronic constrictive injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve was used to model neuropathic pain. Projection-specific in vitro recordings in mouse brain slices and in vivo recordings from anesthetized animals were used to measure firing of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The role of VTA-nucleus accumbens (NAc) circuitry in nociceptive regulation was assessed using optogenetic and pharmacological manipulations, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated by Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and conditional knockdown techniques. RESULTS c-Fos expression in and firing of contralateral VTA-NAc dopaminergic neurons were elevated in CCI mice, and optogenetic inhibition of these neurons reversed CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia. CCI increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein but not messenger RNA in the contralateral NAc. This increase was reversed by pharmacological inhibition of VTA dopaminergic neuron activity, which induced an antinociceptive effect that was neutralized by injecting exogenous BDNF into the NAc. Moreover, inhibition of BDNF synthesis in the VTA with anisomycin or selective knockdown of BDNF in the VTA-NAc pathway was antinociceptive in CCI mice. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a novel mechanism of nociceptive modulation in the mesolimbic reward circuitry and provide new insight into the neural circuits involved in the processing of nociceptive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA
| | - Yi-Ling Qian
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Chen Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Di Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Mei-Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - He Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Guo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jun-Xia Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Hai-Lei Ding
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Ja Wook Koo
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA
| | - Ezekiell Mouzon
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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135
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Sheahan TD, Siuda ER, Bruchas MR, Shepherd AJ, Mohapatra DP, Gereau RW, Golden JP. Inflammation and nerve injury minimally affect mouse voluntary behaviors proposed as indicators of pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2017; 2:1-12. [PMID: 29075674 PMCID: PMC5653321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation suppressed wheel running and locomotion, and impaired gait in mice. Nerve injury gave rise to gait deficits that are likely motor-, not pain-related. Changes in wheel running or gait were unrelated to the degree of hypersensitivity. Neither inflammation nor nerve injury altered social interactions or anxiety-like behavior.
It has been suggested that the lack of rodent behavioral assays that represent the complexities of human pain contributes to the poor translational record of basic pain research findings. Clinically, chronic pain interferes with patient mobility and physical/social activities, and increases anxiety symptoms, in turn negatively impacting quality of life. To determine whether these behaviors are similarly influenced by putative pain manipulations in rodents, we systematically evaluated wheel running, locomotion, gait, social interaction, and anxiety-like behavior in models of inflammation and nerve injury in adult C57BL6/J male mice. We demonstrate that inflammation and nerve injury differentially affect voluntary behaviors while mice are hypersensitive to mechanical stimuli. Bilateral Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation transiently suppressed wheel running and locomotion and also induced gait deficits. In contrast, spared nerve injury (SNI) altered gait and impaired gross motor coordination. SNI-induced gait changes were not reversed by the analgesic PD123319, an angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist, and are therefore likely to be motor-related rather than pain-related. Neither CFA nor SNI significantly altered social interaction or elicited general anxiety-like behavior. Our findings suggest that in contrast to humans, mobility and physical/social activities are minimally altered, if at all, in mice following inflammation or nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayler D Sheahan
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.,Washington University Program in Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Edward R Siuda
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.,Washington University Program in Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Shepherd
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Durga P Mohapatra
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Judith P Golden
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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136
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Astroglial MicroRNA-219-5p in the Ventral Tegmental Area Regulates Nociception in Rats. Anesthesiology 2017; 127:548-564. [PMID: 28582325 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors previously reported that noncoding microRNA miR-219-5p is down-regulated in the spinal cord in a nociceptive state. The ventral tegmental area also plays critical roles in modulating nociception, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The authors hypothesized that miR-219-5p in the ventral tegmental area also may modulate nociception. METHODS The authors studied the bidirectional regulatory role of ventral tegmental area miR-219-5p in a rat complete Freund's adjuvant model of inflammatory nociception by measuring paw withdrawal latencies. Using molecular biology technologies, the authors measured the effects of astroglial coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1A/nuclear factor κB cascade and dopamine neuron activity on the down-regulation of ventral tegmental area miR-219-5p-induced nociceptive responses. RESULTS MiR-219-5p expression in the ventral tegmental area was reduced in rats with thermal hyperalgesia. Viral overexpression of ventral tegmental area miR-219-5p attenuated complete Freund's adjuvant-induced nociception from 7 days after complete Freund's adjuvant injection (paw withdrawal latencies: 6.09 ± 0.83 s vs. 3.96 ± 0.76 s; n = 6/group). Down-regulation of ventral tegmental area miR-219-5p in naïve rats was sufficient to induce thermal hyperalgesia from 7 days after lentivirus injection (paw withdrawal latencies: 7.09 ± 1.54 s vs. 11.75 ± 2.15 s; n = 8/group), which was accompanied by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (fold change: 2.81 ± 0.38; n = 3/group) and reversed by intraventral tegmental area injection of the astroglial inhibitor fluorocitrate. The nociceptive responses induced by astroglial miR-219-5p down-regulation were inhibited by interfering with astroglial coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1A/nuclear factor-κB signaling. Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons alleviated this hyperalgesia. CONCLUSIONS Down-regulation of astroglial miR-219-5p in ventral tegmental area induced nociceptive responses are mediated by astroglial coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1A/nuclear factor-κB signaling and elevated dopamine neuron activity.
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137
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Cortico-Accumbens Regulation of Approach-Avoidance Behavior Is Modified by Experience and Chronic Pain. Cell Rep 2017; 19:1522-1531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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138
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Behavioral responses to noxious stimuli shape the perception of pain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44083. [PMID: 28276487 PMCID: PMC5343499 DOI: 10.1038/srep44083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain serves vital protective functions. To fulfill these functions, a noxious stimulus might induce a percept which, in turn, induces a behavioral response. Here, we investigated an alternative view in which behavioral responses do not exclusively depend on but themselves shape perception. We tested this hypothesis in an experiment in which healthy human subjects performed a reaction time task and provided perceptual ratings of noxious and tactile stimuli. A multi-level moderated mediation analysis revealed that behavioral responses are significantly involved in the translation of a stimulus into perception. This involvement was significantly stronger for noxious than for tactile stimuli. These findings show that the influence of behavioral responses on perception is particularly strong for pain which likely reflects the utmost relevance of behavioral responses to protect the body. These observations parallel recent concepts of emotions and entail implications for the understanding and treatment of pain.
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139
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Radzicki D, Pollema-Mays SL, Sanz-Clemente A, Martina M. Loss of M1 Receptor Dependent Cholinergic Excitation Contributes to mPFC Deactivation in Neuropathic Pain. J Neurosci 2017; 37:2292-2304. [PMID: 28137966 PMCID: PMC5354343 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1553-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic pain, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is deactivated and mPFC-dependent tasks such as attention and working memory are impaired. We investigated the mechanisms of mPFC deactivation in the rat spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain. Patch-clamp recordings in acute slices showed that, 1 week after the nerve injury, cholinergic modulation of layer 5 (L5) pyramidal neurons was severely impaired. In cells from sham-operated animals, focal application of acetylcholine induced a left shift of the input/output curve and persistent firing. Both of these effects were almost completely abolished in cells from SNI-operated rats. The cause of this impairment was an ∼60% reduction of an M1-coupled, pirenzepine-sensitive depolarizing current, which appeared to be, at least in part, the consequence of M1 receptor internalization. Although no changes were detected in total M1 protein or transcript, both the fraction of the M1 receptor in the synaptic plasma membrane and the biotinylated M1 protein associated with the total plasma membrane were decreased in L5 mPFC of SNI rats. The loss of excitatory cholinergic modulation may play a critical role in mPFC deactivation in neuropathic pain and underlie the mPFC-specific cognitive deficits that are comorbid with neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) undergoes major reorganization in chronic pain. Deactivation of mPFC output is causally correlated with both the cognitive and the sensory component of neuropathic pain. Here, we show that cholinergic excitation of commissural layer 5 mPFC pyramidal neurons is abolished in neuropathic pain rats due to a severe reduction of a muscarinic depolarizing current and M1 receptor internalization. Therefore, in neuropathic pain rats, the acetylcholine (ACh)-dependent increase in neuronal excitability is reduced dramatically and the ACh-induced persisting firing, which is critical for working memory, is abolished. We propose that the blunted cholinergic excitability contributes to the functional mPFC deactivation that is causal for the pain phenotype and represents a cellular mechanism for the attention and memory impairments comorbid with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Sanz-Clemente
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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140
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Galvan A, Caiola MJ, Albaugh DL. Advances in optogenetic and chemogenetic methods to study brain circuits in non-human primates. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:547-563. [PMID: 28238201 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, the use of opto- and chemogenetics to modulate neuronal activity in research applications has increased exponentially. Both techniques involve the genetic delivery of artificial proteins (opsins or engineered receptors) that are expressed on a selective population of neurons. The firing of these neurons can then be manipulated using light sources (for opsins) or by systemic administration of exogenous compounds (for chemogenetic receptors). Opto- and chemogenetic tools have enabled many important advances in basal ganglia research in rodent models, yet these techniques have faced a slow progress in non-human primate (NHP) research. In this review, we present a summary of the current state of these techniques in NHP research and outline some of the main challenges associated with the use of these genetic-based approaches in monkeys. We also explore cutting-edge developments that will facilitate the use of opto- and chemogenetics in NHPs, and help advance our understanding of basal ganglia circuits in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Galvan
- Department of Neurology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. .,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Michael J Caiola
- Department of Neurology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Daniel L Albaugh
- Department of Neurology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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141
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Quantifying cerebral contributions to pain beyond nociception. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14211. [PMID: 28195170 PMCID: PMC5316889 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral processes contribute to pain beyond the level of nociceptive input and mediate psychological and behavioural influences. However, cerebral contributions beyond nociception are not yet well characterized, leading to a predominant focus on nociception when studying pain and developing interventions. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging combined with machine learning to develop a multivariate pattern signature-termed the stimulus intensity independent pain signature-1 (SIIPS1)-that predicts pain above and beyond nociceptive input in four training data sets (Studies 1-4, N=137). The SIIPS1 includes patterns of activity in nucleus accumbens, lateral prefrontal and parahippocampal cortices, and other regions. In cross-validated analyses of Studies 1-4 and in two independent test data sets (Studies 5-6, N=46), SIIPS1 responses explain variation in trial-by-trial pain ratings not captured by a previous fMRI-based marker for nociceptive pain. In addition, SIIPS1 responses mediate the pain-modulating effects of three psychological manipulations of expectations and perceived control. The SIIPS1 provides an extensible characterization of cerebral contributions to pain and specific brain targets for interventions.
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142
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Cahill CM, Taylor AM. Neuroinflammation-a co-occurring phenomenon linking chronic pain and opioid dependence. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2017; 13:171-177. [PMID: 28451629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a disease that encompasses both sensory and emotional elements. Opioids are highly effective analgesics because they target both of these elements, by inhibiting pain pathways and alleviating negative affect (including depression) by engaging reward or hedonic pathways. Unfortunately, chronic opioid use is limited by the development of unwanted side effects, such as tolerance, hyperalgesia, and abuse liability. Thus, the challenge of providing effective pain treatment while minimizing these unwanted side effects is an ongoing issue with significant clinical and societal impact. In this review, we posit that neuroinflammation within the central nervous system is a shared phenomenon between chronic pain and opioids that contributes to pain sensitization and negative affect. The implications for pain progression, addiction liability, and alternative treatment strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Cahill
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine 837 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 5117 Botterell Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anna Mw Taylor
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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143
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Copits BA, Pullen MY, Gereau RW. Spotlight on pain: optogenetic approaches for interrogating somatosensory circuits. Pain 2016; 157:2424-2433. [PMID: 27340912 PMCID: PMC5069102 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Copits
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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The effect of forced swim stress on morphine sensitization: Involvement of D1/D2-like dopamine receptors within the nucleus accumbens. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 70:92-9. [PMID: 27235796 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an essential role in morphine sensitization and suppression of pain. Repeated exposure to stress and morphine increases dopamine release in the NAc and may lead to morphine sensitization. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of forced swim stress (FSS), as a predominantly physical stressor and morphine on the development of morphine sensitization; focusing on the function of D1/D2-like dopamine receptors in the NAc in morphine sensitization. Eighty-five adult male Wistar rats were bilaterally implanted with cannulae in the NAc and various doses of SCH-23390 (0.125, 0.25, 1 and 4μg/0.5μl/NAc) as a D1 receptor antagonist and sulpiride (0.25, 1 and 4μg/0.5μl/NAc) as a D2 receptor antagonist were microinjected into the NAc, during a sensitization period of 3days, 5min before the induction of FSS. After 10min, animals received subcutaneous morphine injection (1mg/kg). The procedure was followed by 5days free of antagonist, morphine and stress; thereafter on the 9th day, the nociceptive response was evaluated by tail-flick test. The results revealed that the microinjection of sulpiride (at 1 and 4μg/0.5μl/NAc) or SCH-23390 (at 0.25, 1 and 4μg/0.5μl/NAc) prior to FSS and morphine disrupts the antinociceptive effects of morphine and morphine sensitization. Our findings suggest that FSS can potentiate the effect of morphine and causes morphine sensitization which induces antinociception.
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145
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent advances regarding mechanisms of chronic pain emphasize the role of corticolimbic circuitry in predicting risk for chronic pain, independently from site of injury-related parameters. These results compel revisiting the role of peripheral nociceptive signaling in chronic pain. We address this issue by examining what brain circuitry transmit information regarding the intensity of chronic pain and how this information may be related to a common co-morbidity, depression. METHODS Resting state functional MRI was used in a large group of chronic pain patients (n=40 chronic back pain, CBP, and n=44 osteoarthritis, OA patients), and in comparison to healthy subjects (n=88). We used a graph theoretical measure, degree count, to investigate voxel-wise information sharing/transmission in the brain. Degree count, a functional connectivity based measure, identifies the number of voxels functionally connected to every given voxel. Subdividing the chronic pain cohort into discovery, replication, and also for overall group we show that only degree counts of diencephalic voxels centered in the ventral lateral thalamus reflected intensity of chronic pain, independently of depression. RESULTS Pain intensity was reliably associated with degree count of the thalamus, which was correlated negatively with components of the default mode network and positively with the periaqueductal grey (in contrast to healthy controls). Depression scores were not reliably associated with regional degree count. CONCLUSION Collectively the results suggest that, across two types of chronic pain, nociceptive specific information is relayed through the spinothalamic pathway to the lateral thalamus, potentiated by pro-nociceptive descending modulation, and interrupting cortical cognitive processes.
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Creed M, Ntamati N, Chandra R, Lobo M, Lüscher C. Convergence of Reinforcing and Anhedonic Cocaine Effects in the Ventral Pallidum. Neuron 2016; 92:214-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Radzicki D, Liu E, Deng HX, Siddique T, Martina M. Early Impairment of Synaptic and Intrinsic Excitability in Mice Expressing ALS/Dementia-Linked Mutant UBQLN2. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:216. [PMID: 27703430 PMCID: PMC5028382 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are believed to represent the different outcomes of a common pathogenic mechanism. However, while researchers have intensely studied the involvement of motor neurons in the ALS/FTD syndrome, very little is known about the function of hippocampal neurons, although this area is critical for memory and other cognitive functions. We investigated the electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal cells in slices from 1 month-old UBQLN2P497H mice, a recently generated model of ALS/FTD that shows heavy depositions of ubiquilin2-positive aggregates in this brain region. We found that, compared to wild-type mice, cells from UBQLN2P497H mice were hypo-excitable. The amplitude of the glutamatergic currents elicited by afferent fiber stimulation was reduced by ~50%, but no change was detected in paired-pulse plasticity. The maximum firing frequency in response to depolarizing current injection was reduced by ~30%; the fast afterhyperpolarization in response to a range of depolarizations was reduced by almost 10 mV; the maximum slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) was also significantly decreased, likely in consequence of the decreased number of spikes. Finally, the action potential (AP) upstroke was blunted and the threshold depolarized compared to controls. Thus, synaptic and intrinsic excitability are both impaired in CA1 pyramidal cells of UBQLN2P497H mice, likely constituting a cellular mechanism for the cognitive impairments. Because these alterations are detectable before the establishment of overt pathology, we hypothesize that they may affect the further course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Radzicki
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erdong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Han-Xiang Deng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Teepu Siddique
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marco Martina
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
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148
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Abstract
Competition for prioritization between basic motivational states, such as pain and thirst, is thought to inhibit the currently nonprioritized state. We show that thirst can reduce pain in humans, whereas at the same time enhance pain through increased negative mood. Introduction: Although the motivation to avoid injury and pain is central to human and animal behavior, this goal compete priority with other homeostatic goals. Animal studies have shown that competing motivational states, such as thirst, reduce pain. However, such states may also induce negative mood, which in humans has been found to increase pain. These opposing effects complicate study of the effects of motivational states in humans. Objectives: To evaluate concurrent effects of motivational state competition and mood on pain ratings. Methods: We compared a thirst challenge against a control group and measured thirst and mood as potential mediators. Pain induced through contact heat stimulation on the left forearm and was tested at 3 time points: before group randomization, after thirst induction, and after rehydration. Results: Overall, the thirst group reported more pain when thirsty compared with baseline and controls. Mediation analyses showed evidence for two opposing effects. First, the thirst challenge increased negative mood and thirstiness, which was related to increased pain. Second, the thirst challenge produced a direct, pain-reducing effect. Conclusion: Competing motivational states reduce pain but also induce concurrent mood changes that can mask motivational state-related effects.
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Reward deficiency and anti-reward in pain chronification. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:282-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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