101
|
Gautam V, Naureen S, Shahid N, Gao Q, Wang Y, Nisbet D, Jagadish C, Daria VR. Engineering Highly Interconnected Neuronal Networks on Nanowire Scaffolds. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3369-3375. [PMID: 28437614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the specific role of physical guidance cues in the growth of neurons is crucial for understanding the fundamental biology of brain development and for designing scaffolds for tissue engineering. Here, we investigate the structural significance of nanoscale topographies as physical cues for neurite outgrowth and circuit formation by growing neurons on semiconductor nanowires. We monitored neurite growth using optical and scanning electron microscopy and evaluated the spontaneous neuronal network activity using functional calcium imaging. We show, for the first time, that an isotropic arrangement of indium phosphide (InP) nanowires can serve as physical cues for guiding neurite growth and aid in forming a network with neighboring neurons. Most importantly, we confirm that multiple neurons, with neurites guided by the topography of the InP nanowire scaffolds, exhibit synchronized calcium activity, implying intercellular communications via synaptic connections. Our study imparts new fundamental insights on the role of nanotopographical cues in the formation of functional neuronal circuits in the brain and will therefore advance the development of neuroprosthetic scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vini Gautam
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ‡Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, §Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Engineering, ∥Australian National Fabrication Facility, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shagufta Naureen
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ‡Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, §Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Engineering, ∥Australian National Fabrication Facility, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Naeem Shahid
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ‡Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, §Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Engineering, ∥Australian National Fabrication Facility, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Qian Gao
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ‡Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, §Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Engineering, ∥Australian National Fabrication Facility, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yi Wang
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ‡Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, §Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Engineering, ∥Australian National Fabrication Facility, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - David Nisbet
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ‡Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, §Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Engineering, ∥Australian National Fabrication Facility, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ‡Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, §Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Engineering, ∥Australian National Fabrication Facility, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Vincent R Daria
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ‡Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, §Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Engineering, ∥Australian National Fabrication Facility, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Rivnay J, Wang H, Fenno L, Deisseroth K, Malliaras GG. Next-generation probes, particles, and proteins for neural interfacing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601649. [PMID: 28630894 PMCID: PMC5466371 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional interfacing with the nervous system enables neuroscience research, diagnosis, and therapy. This two-way communication allows us to monitor the state of the brain and its composite networks and cells as well as to influence them to treat disease or repair/restore sensory or motor function. To provide the most stable and effective interface, the tools of the trade must bridge the soft, ion-rich, and evolving nature of neural tissue with the largely rigid, static realm of microelectronics and medical instruments that allow for readout, analysis, and/or control. In this Review, we describe how the understanding of neural signaling and material-tissue interactions has fueled the expansion of the available tool set. New probe architectures and materials, nanoparticles, dyes, and designer genetically encoded proteins push the limits of recording and stimulation lifetime, localization, and specificity, blurring the boundary between living tissue and engineered tools. Understanding these approaches, their modality, and the role of cross-disciplinary development will support new neurotherapies and prostheses and provide neuroscientists and neurologists with unprecedented access to the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Departments of Bioengineering and Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lief Fenno
- Departments of Bioengineering and Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Departments of Bioengineering and Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, Gardanne 13541, France
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Liu XW, Yang Y, Wang W, Wang S, Gao M, Wu J, Tao N. Plasmonic-Based Electrochemical Impedance Imaging of Electrical Activities in Single Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, School of Chemistry and Materials Science; University of Science & Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Yunze Yang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Ming Gao
- Division of Neurology; Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix AZ 85013 USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Division of Neurology; Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix AZ 85013 USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Jayant K, Hirtz JJ, Plante IJL, Tsai DM, De Boer WDAM, Semonche A, Peterka DS, Owen JS, Sahin O, Shepard KL, Yuste R. Targeted intracellular voltage recordings from dendritic spines using quantum-dot-coated nanopipettes. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:335-342. [PMID: 27941898 PMCID: PMC5901699 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are the primary site of excitatory synaptic input onto neurons, and are biochemically isolated from the parent dendritic shaft by their thin neck. However, due to the lack of direct electrical recordings from spines, the influence that the neck resistance has on synaptic transmission, and the extent to which spines compartmentalize voltage, specifically excitatory postsynaptic potentials, albeit critical, remains controversial. Here, we use quantum-dot-coated nanopipette electrodes (tip diameters ∼15-30 nm) to establish the first intracellular recordings from targeted spine heads under two-photon visualization. Using simultaneous somato-spine electrical recordings, we find that back propagating action potentials fully invade spines, that excitatory postsynaptic potentials are large in the spine head (mean 26 mV) but are strongly attenuated at the soma (0.5-1 mV) and that the estimated neck resistance (mean 420 MΩ) is large enough to generate significant voltage compartmentalization. Nanopipettes can thus be used to electrically probe biological nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Jayant
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Kavli Institute of Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to K.J.,
| | - Jan J. Hirtz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Kavli Institute of Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Ilan Jen-La Plante
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - David M. Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Kavli Institute of Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Wieteke D. A. M. De Boer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Kavli Institute of Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Alexa Semonche
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Darcy S. Peterka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Kavli Institute of Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Shepard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Kavli Institute of Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Kavli Institute of Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Brewer WM, Xin Y, Hatem C, Diercks D, Truong VQ, Jones KS. Lateral Ge Diffusion During Oxidation of Si/SiGe Fins. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2159-2164. [PMID: 28249115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports on the unusual diffusion behavior of Ge during oxidation of a multilayer Si/SiGe fin. It is observed that oxidation surprisingly results in the formation of vertically stacked Si nanowires encapsulated in defect free epitaxial strained SixGe1-x. High angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) shows that extremely enhanced diffusion of Ge occurs along the vertical Si/SiO2 oxidizing interface and is responsible for the encapsulation process. Further oxidation fully encapsulates the Si layers in defect free single crystal SixGe1-x (x up to 0.53), which results in Si nanowires with up to -2% strain. Atom probe tomography reconstructions demonstrate that the resultant nanowires run the length of the fin. We found that the oxidation temperature plays a significant role in the formation of the Si nanowires. In the process range of 800-900 °C, pure strained and rounded Si nanowires down to 2 nm in diameter can be fabricated. At lower temperatures, the Ge diffusion along the oxidizing Si/SiO2 interface is slow, and rounding of the nanowire does not occur, while at higher temperatures, the diffusivity of Ge into Si is sufficient to result in dilution of the pure Si nanowire with Ge. The use of highly selective etchants to remove the SiGe could provide a new pathway for the creation of highly controlled vertically stacked nanowires for gate all around transistors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William M Brewer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yan Xin
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - C Hatem
- Applied Materials, Gloucester, Massachusetts 01930, United States
| | - D Diercks
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - V Q Truong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - K S Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Oracz J, Adolfsson K, Westphal V, Radzewicz C, Borgström MT, Sahl SJ, Prinz CN, Hell SW. Ground State Depletion Nanoscopy Resolves Semiconductor Nanowire Barcode Segments at Room Temperature. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2652-2659. [PMID: 28262023 PMCID: PMC5391501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanowires hold great promise as tools for probing and interacting with various molecular and biological systems. Their unique geometrical properties (typically <100 nm in diameter and a few micrometers in length) enable minimally invasive interactions with living cells, so that electrical signals or forces can be monitored. All such experiments require in situ high-resolution imaging to provide context. While there is a clear need to extend visualization capabilities to the nanoscale, no suitable super-resolution far-field photoluminescence microscopy of extended semiconductor emitters has been described. Here, we report that ground state depletion (GSD) nanoscopy resolves heterostructured semiconductor nanowires formed by alternating GaP/GaInP segments ("barcodes") at a 5-fold resolution enhancement over confocal imaging. We quantify the resolution and contrast dependence on the dimensions of GaInP photoluminescence segments and illustrate the effects by imaging different nanowire barcode geometries. The far-red excitation wavelength (∼700 nm) and low excitation power (∼3 mW) make GSD nanoscopy attractive for imaging semiconductor structures in biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Oracz
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- E-mail:
| | - Karl Adolfsson
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Volker Westphal
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Magnus T. Borgström
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Steffen J. Sahl
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christelle N. Prinz
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- E-mail:
| | - Stefan W. Hell
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Non-contact scanning probe technique for electric field measurements based on nanowire field-effect transistor. Ultramicroscopy 2017; 179:33-40. [PMID: 28388480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report on the new active tip for scanning probe microscopy allowing the simultaneous measurements of surface topography and its potential profile. We designed and fabricated a field-effect transistor with nanowire channel located on the apex of silicon-on-insulator small chip. The field-effect transistor with nanowire channel was selected due to its extremely high electric field sensitivity even at room temperature. We developed the scanning probe operated in the tuning fork regime and demonstrated its reasonable spatial and field resolution. The proposed device can be a unique tool for high-sensitive, high-resolution, non-destructive potential profile mapping of nanoscale objects in physics, biology and material science. We discuss the ways to optimize the sensor charge sensitivity to the theoretical limit which is 10-3e/Hz-1/2 at room temperature.
Collapse
|
108
|
Abstract
Semiconductor nanomaterials are emerging as a class of materials that can push the fundamental limits of current biomedical devices and possibly revolutionize healthcare. In particular, silicon nanostructures have been proven to be attractive systems for integrating nanoscale machines in biology because of their tunable electronic and optical properties, low cytotoxicity, and the vast microfabrication toolbox available for silicon. Studies have demonstrated that the implementation of next-generation silicon-based biomedical devices can benefit from the rational design of their nanoscale components. In this review, we will discuss some recent progress in this area, with a particular focus on the chemical synthesis of new silicon nanostructures and their emerging applications ranging from fundamental biophysical studies to clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Acaron Ledesma
- Biophysics graduate program, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
109
|
Visible photoelectrochemical sensing platform by in situ generated CdS quantum dots decorated branched-TiO 2 nanorods equipped with Prussian blue electrochromic display. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 89:859-865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
110
|
Liu X, Kuang C, Hao X, Pang C, Xu P, Li H, Liu Y, Yu C, Xu Y, Nan D, Shen W, Fang Y, He L, Liu X, Yang Q. Fluorescent Nanowire Ring Illumination for Wide-Field Far-Field Subdiffraction Imaging. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:076101. [PMID: 28256876 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.076101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate an active method which pioneers in utilizing a combination of a spatial frequency shift and a Stokes frequency shift to enable wide-field far-field subdiffraction imaging. A fluorescent nanowire ring acts as a localized source and is combined with a film waveguide to produce omnidirectional illuminating evanescent waves. Benefitting from the high wave vector of illumination, the high spatial frequencies of an object can be shifted to the passband of a conventional imaging system, contributing subwavelength spatial information to the far-field image. A structure featuring 70-nm-wide slots spaced 70 nm apart has been resolved at a wavelength of 520 nm with a 0.85 numerical aperture standard objective based on this method. The versatility of this approach has been demonstrated by imaging integrated chips, Blu-ray DVDs, biological cells, and various subwavelength 2D patterns, with a viewing area of up to 1000 μm^{2}, which is one order of magnitude larger than the previous far-field and full-field nanoscopy methods. This new resolving technique is label-free, is conveniently integrated with conventional microscopes, and can potentially become an important tool in cellular biology, the on-chip industry, as well as other fields requiring wide-field nanoscale visualization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chenlei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, USA
| | - Chao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Di Nan
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Weidong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yue Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lenian He
- Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Anand A, Liu CR, Chou AC, Hsu WH, Ulaganathan RK, Lin YC, Dai CA, Tseng FG, Pan CY, Chen YT. Detection of K + Efflux from Stimulated Cortical Neurons by an Aptamer-Modified Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor. ACS Sens 2017; 2:69-79. [PMID: 28722429 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The concentration gradient of K+ across the cell membrane of a neuron determines its resting potential and cell excitability. During neurotransmission, the efflux of K+ from the cell via various channels will not only decrease the intracellular K+ content but also elevate the extracellular K+ concentration. However, it is not clear to what extent this change could be. In this study, we developed a multiple-parallel-connected silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW-FET) modified with K+-specific DNA-aptamers (aptamer/SiNW-FET) for the real-time detection of the K+ efflux from cultured cortical neurons. The aptamer/SiNW-FET showed an association constant of (2.18 ± 0.44) × 106 M-1 against K+ and an either less or negligible response to other alkali metal ions. The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) stimulation induced an outward current and hyperpolarized the membrane potential in a whole-cell patched neuron under a Na+/K+-free buffer. When neurons were placed atop the aptamer/SiNW-FET in a Na+/K+-free buffer, AMPA (13 μM) stimulation elevated the extracellular K+ concentration to ∼800 nM, which is greatly reduced by 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, an AMPA receptor antagonist. The EC50 of AMPA in elevating the extracellular K+ concentration was 10.3 μM. By stimulating the neurons with AMPA under a normal physiological buffer, the K+ concentration in the isolated cytosolic fraction was decreased by 75%. These experiments demonstrate that the aptamer/SiNW-FET is sensitive for detecting cations and the K+ concentrations inside and outside the neurons could be greatly changed to modulate the neuron excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Anand
- Nanoscience
and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Rung Liu
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Rajesh Kumar Ulaganathan
- Nanoscience
and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | | | - Yit-Tsong Chen
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Zhang X, Liu B, Liu Q, Yang W, Xiong C, Li J, Jiang X. Ultrasensitive and Highly Selective Photodetections of UV-A Rays Based on Individual Bicrystalline GaN Nanowire. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2669-2677. [PMID: 28029770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The detection of UV-A rays (wavelength of 320-400 nm) using functional semiconductor nanostructures is of great importance in either fundamental research or technological applications. In this work, we report the catalytic synthesis of peculiar bicrystalline GaN nanowires and their utilization for building high-performance optoelectronic nanodevices. The as-prepared UV-A photodetector based on individual bicrystalline GaN nanowire demonstrates a fast photoresponse time (144 ms), a high wavelength selectivity (UV-A light response only), an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 1.74 × 107 A/W and EQE of 6.08 × 109%, a sensitivity of 2 × 104%, and a very large on/off ratio of more than two orders, as well as robust photocurrent stability (photocurrent fluctuation of less than 7% among 4000 s), showing predominant advantages in comparison with other peer semiconductor photodetectors. The outstanding optoelectronic performance of the bicrystalline GaN nanowire UV-A photodetector is further analyzed based on a detailed high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) study, and the two separated crystal domains within the GaN nanowires are believed to provide separated and rapid carrier transfer channels. This work paves a solid way toward the integration of high-performance optoelectronic nanodevices based on bicrystalline or horizontally aligned one-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinglai Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Baodan Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Wenjin Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Changmin Xiong
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University , 100875, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Zhou W, Dai X, Lieber CM. Advances in nanowire bioelectronics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:016701. [PMID: 27823988 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/80/1/016701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires represent powerful building blocks for next generation bioelectronics given their attractive properties, including nanometer-scale footprint comparable to subcellular structures and bio-molecules, configurable in nonstandard device geometries readily interfaced with biological systems, high surface-to-volume ratios, fast signal responses, and minimum consumption of energy. In this review article, we summarize recent progress in the field of nanowire bioelectronics with a focus primarily on silicon nanowire field-effect transistor biosensors. First, the synthesis and assembly of semiconductor nanowires will be described, including the basics of nanowire FETs crucial to their configuration as biosensors. Second, we will introduce and review recent results in nanowire bioelectronics for biomedical applications ranging from label-free sensing of biomolecules, to extracellular and intracellular electrophysiological recording.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
114
|
Sivaram SV, Hui HY, de la Mata M, Arbiol J, Filler MA. Surface Hydrogen Enables Subeutectic Vapor-Liquid-Solid Semiconductor Nanowire Growth. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6717-6723. [PMID: 27347747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Vapor-liquid-solid nanowire growth below the bulk metal-semiconductor eutectic temperature is known for several systems; however, the fundamental processes that govern this behavior are poorly understood. Here, we show that hydrogen atoms adsorbed on the Ge nanowire sidewall enable AuGe catalyst supercooling and control Au transport. Our approach combines in situ infrared spectroscopy to directly and quantitatively determine hydrogen atom coverage with a "regrowth" step that allows catalyst phase to be determined with ex situ electron microscopy. Maintenance of a supercooled catalyst with only hydrogen radical delivery confirms the centrality of sidewall chemistry. This work underscores the importance of the nanowire sidewall and its chemistry on catalyst state, identifies new methods to regulate catalyst composition, and provides synthetic strategies for subeutectic growth in other nanowire systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saujan V Sivaram
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ho Yee Hui
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - María de la Mata
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Michael A Filler
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Zhang X, Liu B, Yang W, Jia W, Li J, Jiang C, Jiang X. 3D-branched hierarchical 3C-SiC/ZnO heterostructures for high-performance photodetectors. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17573-17580. [PMID: 27714167 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ultra-sensitive photodetection of different wavelengths holds promising applications in high-performance optoelectronic devices and it requires an efficient and suitable semiconductor unit. Herein, we demonstrated the designable synthesis of 3D-branched hierarchical 3C-SiC/ZnO heterostructures by a three-step process and their assembling into an ultrasensitive photodetector. Microstructure analyses using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveal that the hierarchical 3C-SiC/ZnO heterostructure is composed of single-crystal 3C-SiC nanowires as a central stem and numerous well-aligned single-crystalline ZnO nanorods as branch shells. Optoelectronic tests on the 3C-SiC/ZnO heterostructure photodetector verify the outstanding photo-detection performance with an ultrahigh EQE (1.69 × 108%), a superior photoresponsivity (4.8 × 105 A W-1), a very fast response time (a rise time of 40 ms and a decay time of 60 ms), a high photo-dark current ratio of 187.8 and an excellent photocurrent stability and reproducibility, which is significantly advantageous or comparable to those of ZnO and other inorganic semiconductor nanostructure based photodetectors. To understand the excellent photodetection of hierarchical 3C-SiC/ZnO heterostructures, a band-gap energy diagram describing the photogenerated electron transport process is plotted and the corresponding mechanism is discussed. The strategy proposed in the present work will open up more opportunities for the design and boost of ultra-sensitive photodetectors based on semiconductor heterostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinglai Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Baodan Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Wenjin Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Wenbo Jia
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Chunhai Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications of Fujian Province, 600 Ligong Road, Jimei District, Xiamen 361024, Fujian, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Zanganeh S, Khosravi S, Namdar N, Amiri MH, Gharooni M, Abdolahad M. Electrochemical approach for monitoring the effect of anti tubulin drugs on breast cancer cells based on silicon nanograss electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 938:72-81. [PMID: 27619088 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the most interested molecular research in the field of cancer detection is the mechanism of drug effect on cancer cells. Translating molecular evidence into electrochemical profiles would open new opportunities in cancer research. In this manner, applying nanostructures with anomalous physical and chemical properties as well as biocompatibility would be a suitable choice for the cell based electrochemical sensing. Silicon based nanostructure are the most interested nanomaterials used in electrochemical biosensors because of their compatibility with electronic fabrication process and well engineering in size and electrical properties. Here we apply silicon nanograss (SiNG) probing electrodes produced by reactive ion etching (RIE) on silicon wafer to electrochemically diagnose the effect of anticancer drugs on breast tumor cells. Paclitaxel (PTX) and mebendazole (MBZ) drugs have been used as polymerizing and depolymerizing agents of microtubules. PTX would perturb the anodic/cathodic responses of the cell-covered biosensor by binding phosphate groups to deformed proteins due to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK(1/2)) pathway. MBZ induces accumulation of Cytochrome C in cytoplasm. Reduction of the mentioned agents in cytosol would change the ionic state of the cells monitored by silicon nanograss working electrodes (SiNGWEs). By extending the contacts with cancer cells, SiNGWEs can detect minor signal transduction and bio recognition events, resulting in precise biosensing. Effects of MBZ and PTX drugs, (with the concentrations of 2 nM and 0.1 nM, respectively) on electrochemical activity of MCF-7 cells are successfully recorded which are corroborated by confocal and flow cytometry assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Zanganeh
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran; Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safoora Khosravi
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran; Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Namdar
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran; Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Hassanpour Amiri
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran; Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Gharooni
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran; Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdolahad
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran; Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Multisite electrophysiological recordings by self-assembled loose-patch-like junctions between cultured hippocampal neurons and mushroom-shaped microelectrodes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27110. [PMID: 27256971 PMCID: PMC4891817 DOI: 10.1038/srep27110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Substrate integrated planar microelectrode arrays is the “gold standard” method for millisecond-resolution, long-term, large-scale, cell-noninvasive electrophysiological recordings from mammalian neuronal networks. Nevertheless, these devices suffer from drawbacks that are solved by spike-detecting, spike-sorting and signal-averaging techniques which rely on estimated parameters that require user supervision to correct errors, merge clusters and remove outliers. Here we show that primary rat hippocampal neurons grown on micrometer sized gold mushroom-shaped microelectrodes (gMμE) functionalized simply by poly-ethylene-imine/laminin undergo self-assembly processes to form loose patch-like hybrid structures. More than 90% of the hybrids formed in this way record monophasic positive action potentials (APs). Of these, 34.5% record APs with amplitudes above 300 μV and up to 5,085 μV. This self-assembled neuron-gMμE configuration improves the recording quality as compared to planar MEA. This study characterizes and analyzes the electrophysiological signaling repertoire generated by the neurons-gMμE configuration, and discusses prospects to further improve the technology.
Collapse
|
118
|
Kubota Y, Oi H, Sawahata H, Goryu A, Ando Y, Numano R, Ishida M, Kawano T. Nanoscale-Tipped High-Aspect-Ratio Vertical Microneedle Electrodes for Intracellular Recordings. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2846-2853. [PMID: 27062044 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular recording nanoscale electrode devices provide the advantages of a high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. However, the length of nanowire/nanotube-based nanoelectrodes is currently limited to <10 μm long due to fabrication issues for high-aspect-ratio nanoelectrodes. The concept reported here can address the technological limitations by fabricating >100 μm long nanoscale-tipped electrodes, which show intracellular recording capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kubota
- Department of Electrical and ElectronicInformation Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1, Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Hideo Oi
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1, Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sawahata
- Department of Electrical and ElectronicInformation Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1, Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Akihiro Goryu
- Department of Electrical and ElectronicInformation Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1, Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Yoriko Ando
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1, Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Rika Numano
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1, Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Life Science Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1, Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishida
- Department of Electrical and ElectronicInformation Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1, Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1, Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawano
- Department of Electrical and ElectronicInformation Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1, Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Silicon nanowire based biosensing platform for electrochemical sensing of Mebendazole drug activity on breast cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:363-370. [PMID: 27196254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical approaches have played crucial roles in bio sensing because of their Potential in achieving sensitive, specific and low-cost detection of biomolecules and other bio evidences. Engineering the electrochemical sensing interface with nanomaterials tends to new generations of label-free biosensors with improved performances in terms of sensitive area and response signals. Here we applied Silicon Nanowire (SiNW) array electrodes (in an integrated architecture of working, counter and reference electrodes) grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) system with VLS procedure to electrochemically diagnose the presence of breast cancer cells as well as their response to anticancer drugs. Mebendazole (MBZ), has been used as antitubulin drug. It perturbs the anodic/cathodic response of the cell covered biosensor by releasing Cytochrome C in cytoplasm. Reduction of cytochrome C would change the ionic state of the cells monitored by SiNW biosensor. By applying well direct bioelectrical contacts with cancer cells, SiNWs can detect minor signal transduction and bio recognition events, resulting in precise biosensing. Our device detected the trace of MBZ drugs (with the concentration of 2nM) on electrochemical activity MCF-7 cells. Also, experimented biological analysis such as confocal and Flowcytometry assays confirmed the electrochemical results.
Collapse
|
120
|
Zhao Y, Yao J, Xu L, Mankin MN, Zhu Y, Wu H, Mai L, Zhang Q, Lieber CM. Shape-Controlled Deterministic Assembly of Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2644-2650. [PMID: 26999059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale, deterministic assembly of nanowires and nanotubes with rationally controlled geometries could expand the potential applications of one-dimensional nanomaterials in bottom-up integrated nanodevice arrays and circuits. Control of the positions of straight nanowires and nanotubes has been achieved using several assembly methods, although simultaneous control of position and geometry has not been realized. Here, we demonstrate a new concept combining simultaneous assembly and guided shaping to achieve large-scale, high-precision shape controlled deterministic assembly of nanowires. We lithographically pattern U-shaped trenches and then shear transfer nanowires to the patterned substrate wafers, where the trenches serve to define the positions and shapes of transferred nanowires. Studies using semicircular trenches defined by electron-beam lithography yielded U-shaped nanowires with radii of curvature defined by inner surface of the trenches. Wafer-scale deterministic assembly produced U-shaped nanowires for >430,000 sites with a yield of ∼90%. In addition, mechanistic studies and simulations demonstrate that shaping results in primarily elastic deformation of the nanowires and show clearly the diameter-dependent limits achievable for accessible forces. Last, this approach was used to assemble U-shaped three-dimensional nanowire field-effect transistor bioprobe arrays containing 200 individually addressable nanodevices. By combining the strengths of wafer-scale top-down fabrication with diverse and tunable properties of one-dimensional building blocks in novel structural configurations, shape-controlled deterministic nanowire assembly is expected to enable new applications in many areas including nanobioelectronics and nanophotonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Yinbo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hengan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Liqiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Rahong S, Yasui T, Kaji N, Baba Y. Recent developments in nanowires for bio-applications from molecular to cellular levels. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1126-38. [PMID: 26928289 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01306b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the most promising applications of nanowires for bioanalytical chemistry and medical diagnostics. The materials discussed here are metal oxide and Si semiconductors, which are integrated with various microfluidic systems. Nanowire structures offer desirable advantages such as a very small diameter size with a high aspect ratio and a high surface-to-volume ratio without grain boundaries; consequently, nanowires are promising tools to study biological systems. This review starts with the integration of nanowire structures into microfluidic systems, followed by the discussion of the advantages of nanowire structures in the separation, manipulation and purification of biomolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins). Next, some representative nanowire devices are introduced for biosensors from molecular to cellular levels based on electrical and optical approaches. Finally, we conclude the review by highlighting some bio-applications for nanowires and presenting the next challenges that must be overcome to improve the capabilities of nanowire structures for biological and medical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakon Rahong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. and ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Takao Yasui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. and ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Japan and JST, PRESTO, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Noritada Kaji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. and ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Japan and ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. and ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Japan and Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Jones PD, Stelzle M. Can Nanofluidic Chemical Release Enable Fast, High Resolution Neurotransmitter-Based Neurostimulation? Front Neurosci 2016; 10:138. [PMID: 27065794 PMCID: PMC4815362 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial chemical stimulation could provide improvements over electrical neurostimulation. Physiological neurotransmission between neurons relies on the nanoscale release and propagation of specific chemical signals to spatially-localized receptors. Current knowledge of nanoscale fluid dynamics and nanofluidic technology allows us to envision artificial mechanisms to achieve fast, high resolution neurotransmitter release. Substantial technological development is required to reach this goal. Nanofluidic technology—rather than microfluidic—will be necessary; this should come as no surprise given the nanofluidic nature of neurotransmission. This perspective reviews the state of the art of high resolution electrical neuroprostheses and their anticipated limitations. Chemical release rates from nanopores are compared to rates achieved at synapses and with iontophoresis. A review of microfluidic technology justifies the analysis that microfluidic control of chemical release would be insufficient. Novel nanofluidic mechanisms are discussed, and we propose that hydrophobic gating may allow control of chemical release suitable for mimicking neurotransmission. The limited understanding of hydrophobic gating in artificial nanopores and the challenges of fabrication and large-scale integration of nanofluidic components are emphasized. Development of suitable nanofluidic technology will require dedicated, long-term efforts over many years.
Collapse
|
123
|
Song B, Zhong Y, Wu S, Chu B, Su Y, He Y. One-Dimensional Fluorescent Silicon Nanorods Featuring Ultrahigh Photostability, Favorable Biocompatibility, and Excitation Wavelength-Dependent Emission Spectra. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4824-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO−CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yiling Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO−CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Sicong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO−CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Binbin Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO−CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO−CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yao He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO−CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Zhang Y, Clausmeyer J, Babakinejad B, Córdoba AL, Ali T, Shevchuk A, Takahashi Y, Novak P, Edwards C, Lab M, Gopal S, Chiappini C, Anand U, Magnani L, Coombes RC, Gorelik J, Matsue T, Schuhmann W, Klenerman D, Sviderskaya EV, Korchev Y. Spearhead Nanometric Field-Effect Transistor Sensors for Single-Cell Analysis. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3214-3221. [PMID: 26816294 PMCID: PMC4933202 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanometric field-effect-transistor (FET) sensors are made on the tip of spear-shaped dual carbon nanoelectrodes derived from carbon deposition inside double-barrel nanopipettes. The easy fabrication route allows deposition of semiconductors or conducting polymers to comprise the transistor channel. A channel from electrodeposited poly pyrrole (PPy) exhibits high sensitivity toward pH changes. This property is exploited by immobilizing hexokinase on PPy nano-FETs to give rise to a selective ATP biosensor. Extracellular pH and ATP gradients are key biochemical constituents in the microenvironment of living cells; we monitor their real-time changes in relation to cancer cells and cardiomyocytes. The highly localized detection is possible because of the high aspect ratio and the spear-like design of the nano-FET probes. The accurately positioned nano-FET sensors can detect concentration gradients in three-dimensional space, identify biochemical properties of a single living cell, and after cell membrane penetration perform intracellular measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Tayyibah Ali
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Pavel Novak
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Max Lab
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Sahana Gopal
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Uma Anand
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - R. Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Corresponding Authors (Wolfgang Schuhmann)
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- (David Klenerman)
| | - Elena V. Sviderskaya
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St. George's
University of London, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
- (Elena V. Sviderskaya)
| | - Yuri Korchev
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- (Yuri Korchev)
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Wang Z, Lee S, Koo K, Kim K. Nanowire-Based Sensors for Biological and Medical Applications. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2016; 15:186-99. [PMID: 26978831 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2016.2528258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials such as nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and nanoparticles have already led to breakthroughs in the field of biological and medical sensors. The quantum size effects of the nanomaterials and their similarity in size to natural and synthetic nanomaterials are anticipated to improve sensor sensitivity dramatically. Nanowires are considered as key nanomaterials because of their electrical controllability for accurate measurement, and chemical-friendly surface for various sensing applications. This review covers the working principles and fabrication of silicon nanowire sensors. Furthermore, we review their applications for the detection of viruses, biomarkers, and DNA, as well as for drug discovery. Advances in the performance and functionality of nanowire sensors are also surveyed to highlight recent progress in this area. These advances include the improvements in reusability, sensitivity in high ionic strength solvent, long-term stability, and self-powering. Overall, with the advantages of ultra-sensitivity and the ease of fabrication, it is expected that nanowires will contribute significantly to the development of biological and medical sensors in the immediate future.
Collapse
|
126
|
Lee JH, Zhang A, You SS, Lieber CM. Spontaneous Internalization of Cell Penetrating Peptide-Modified Nanowires into Primary Neurons. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1509-13. [PMID: 26745653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowire (NW) devices that can address intracellular electrophysiological events with high sensitivity and spatial resolution are emerging as key tools in nanobioelectronics. Intracellular delivery of NWs without compromising cellular integrity and metabolic activity has, however, proven difficult without external mechanical forces or electrical pulses. Here, we introduce a biomimetic approach in which a cell penetrating peptide, the trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) from human immunodeficiency virus 1, is linked to the surface of Si NWs to facilitate spontaneous internalization of NWs into primary neuronal cells. Confocal microscopy imaging studies at fixed time points demonstrate that TAT-conjugated NWs (TAT-NWs) are fully internalized into mouse hippocampal neurons, and quantitative image analyses reveal an ca. 15% internalization efficiency. In addition, live cell dynamic imaging of NW internalization shows that NW penetration begins within 10-20 min after binding to the membrane and that NWs become fully internalized within 30-40 min. The generality of cell penetrating peptide modification method is further demonstrated by internalization of TAT-NWs into primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Siheng Sean You
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Charles M Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Abstract
Nano-bioelectronics represents a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field that combines nanomaterials with biology and electronics and, in so doing, offers the potential to overcome existing challenges in bioelectronics. In particular, shrinking electronic transducer dimensions to the nanoscale and making their properties appear more biological can yield significant improvements in the sensitivity and biocompatibility and thereby open up opportunities in fundamental biology and healthcare. This review emphasizes recent advances in nano-bioelectronics enabled with semiconductor nanostructures, including silicon nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. First, the synthesis and electrical properties of these nanomaterials are discussed in the context of bioelectronics. Second, affinity-based nano-bioelectronic sensors for highly sensitive analysis of biomolecules are reviewed. In these studies, semiconductor nanostructures as transistor-based biosensors are discussed from fundamental device behavior through sensing applications and future challenges. Third, the complex interface between nanoelectronics and living biological systems, from single cells to live animals, is reviewed. This discussion focuses on representative advances in electrophysiology enabled using semiconductor nanostructures and their nanoelectronic devices for cellular measurements through emerging work where arrays of nanoelectronic devices are incorporated within three-dimensional cell networks that define synthetic and natural tissues. Last, some challenges and exciting future opportunities are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
| | - Charles M. Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Wang H, Jiang X, He Y. Highly sensitive and reproducible silicon-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensors for real applications. Analyst 2016; 141:5010-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01251e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During the past few decades, thanks to silicon nanomaterials’ outstanding properties, different dimensional silicon nanostructures have been employed for designing and fabricating high-performance surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors for chemical and biological detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Xiangxu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Yao He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Yuan X, Caroff P, Wong-Leung J, Fu L, Tan HH, Jagadish C. Tunable Polarity in a III-V Nanowire by Droplet Wetting and Surface Energy Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6096-6103. [PMID: 26378989 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Controllable axial switching of polarity in GaAs nanowires with minimal tapering and perfect twin-free ZB structure based on the fundamental understanding of nanowire growth and kinking mechanism is presented. The polarity of the bottom segment is confirmed to be (111)A by atomically resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yuan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Philippe Caroff
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jennifer Wong-Leung
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lan Fu
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Wang Z, Yang Y, Xu Z, Wang Y, Zhang W, Shi P. Interrogation of Cellular Innate Immunity by Diamond-Nanoneedle-Assisted Intracellular Molecular Fishing. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:7058-7063. [PMID: 26345491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding intracellular signaling cascades and network is one of the core topics in modern biology. Novel tools based on nanotechnologies have enabled probing and analyzing intracellular signaling with unprecedented sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we developed a minimally invasive method for in situ probing specific signaling components of cellular innate immunity in living cells. The technique was based on diamond-nanoneedle arrays functionalized with aptamer-based molecular sensors, which were inserted into cytoplasmic domain using a centrifugation controlled process to capture molecular targets. Simultaneously, these diamond-nanoneedles also facilitated the delivery of double-strand DNAs (dsDNA90) into cells to activate the pathway involving the stimulator of interferon genes (STING). We showed that the nanoneedle-based biosensors can be successfully utilized to isolate transcriptional factor, NF-κB, from intracellular regions without damaging the cells, upon STING activation. By using a reversible protocol and repeated probing in living cells, we were able to examine the singling dynamics of NF-κB, which was quickly translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus region within ∼40 min of intracellular introduction of dsDNA90 for both A549 and neuron cells. These results demonstrated a novel and versatile tool for targeted in situ dissection of intracellular signaling, providing the potential to resolve new sights into various cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Yang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | | | | | - Peng Shi
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
A feasibility study of multi-site,intracellular recordings from mammalian neurons by extracellular gold mushroom-shaped microelectrodes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14100. [PMID: 26365404 PMCID: PMC4568476 DOI: 10.1038/srep14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of multi-electrode array platforms for large scale recording of neurons is at the forefront of neuro-engineering research efforts. Recently we demonstrated, at the proof-of-concept level, a breakthrough neuron-microelectrode interface in which cultured Aplysia neurons tightly engulf gold mushroom-shaped microelectrodes (gMμEs). While maintaining their extracellular position, the gMμEs record synaptic- and action-potentials with characteristic features of intracellular recordings. Here we examined the feasibility of using gMμEs for intracellular recordings from mammalian neurons. To that end we experimentally examined the innate size limits of cultured rat hippocampal neurons to engulf gMμEs and measured the width of the “extracellular” cleft formed between the neurons and the gold surface. Using the experimental results we next analyzed the expected range of gMμEs-neuron electrical coupling coefficients. We estimated that sufficient electrical coupling levels to record attenuated synaptic- and action-potentials can be reached using the gMμE-neuron configuration. The definition of the engulfment limits of the gMμEs caps diameter at ≤2–2.5 μm and the estimated electrical coupling coefficients from the simulations pave the way for rational development and application of the gMμE based concept for in-cell recordings from mammalian neurons.
Collapse
|
132
|
Guo Q, Zhang M, Xue Z, Wang G, Chen D, Cao R, Huang G, Mei Y, Di Z, Wang X. Deterministic Assembly of Flexible Si/Ge Nanoribbons via Edge-Cutting Transfer and Printing for van der Waals Heterojunctions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4140-4148. [PMID: 25966037 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As the promising building blocks for flexible electronics and photonics, inorganic semiconductor nanomembranes have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent mechanical flexibility and electrical/optical properties. To functionalize these building blocks with complex components, transfer and printing methods in a convenient and precise way are urgently demanded. A combined and controllable approach called edge-cutting transfer method to assemble semiconductor nanoribbons with defined width (down to submicrometer) and length (up to millimeter) is proposed. The transfer efficiency can be comprehended by a classical cantilever model, in which the difference of stress distributions between forth and back edges is investigated using finite element method. In addition, the vertical van der Waals PN (p-Si/n-Ge) junction constructed by a two-round process presents a typical rectifying behavior. The proposed technology may provide a practical, reliable, and cost-efficient strategy for transfer and printing routines, and thus expediting its potential applications for roll-to-roll productions for flexible devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Zhongying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Da Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Ronggen Cao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zengfeng Di
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Devadoss A, Sudhagar P, Terashima C, Nakata K, Fujishima A. Photoelectrochemical biosensors: New insights into promising photoelectrodes and signal amplification strategies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
134
|
Angle MR, Wang A, Thomas A, Schaefer AT, Melosh NA. Penetration of cell membranes and synthetic lipid bilayers by nanoprobes. Biophys J 2015; 107:2091-100. [PMID: 25418094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale devices have been proposed as tools for measuring and controlling intracellular activity by providing electrical and/or chemical access to the cytosol. Unfortunately, nanostructures with diameters of 50-500 nm do not readily penetrate the cell membrane, and rationally optimizing nanoprobes for cell penetration requires real-time characterization methods that are capable of following the process of membrane penetration with nanometer resolution. Although extensive work has examined the rupture of supported synthetic lipid bilayers, little is known about the applicability of these model systems to living cell membranes with complex lipid compositions, cytoskeletal attachment, and membrane proteins. Here, we describe atomic force microscopy (AFM) membrane penetration experiments in two parallel systems: live HEK293 cells and stacks of synthetic lipid bilayers. By using the same probes in both systems, we were able to clearly identify membrane penetration in synthetic bilayers and compare these events with putative membrane penetration events in cells. We examined membrane penetration forces for three tip geometries and 18 chemical modifications of the probe surface, and in all cases the median forces required to penetrate cellular and synthetic lipid bilayers with nanoprobes were greater than 1 nN. The penetration force was sensitive to the probe's sharpness, but not its surface chemistry, and the force did not depend on cell surface or cytoskeletal properties, with cells and lipid stacks yielding similar forces. This systematic assessment of penetration under various mechanical and chemical conditions provides insights into nanoprobe-cell interactions and informs the design of future intracellular nanoprobes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Angle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Aman Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Andreas T Schaefer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nicholas A Melosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Kruskal PB, Jiang Z, Gao T, Lieber CM. Beyond the patch clamp: nanotechnologies for intracellular recording. Neuron 2015; 86:21-4. [PMID: 25856481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The patch clamp is a fundamental tool for neuroscientists, offering insights that have shaped our understanding of the brain. Advances in nanotechnology suggest that the next generation of recording methods is now within reach. We discuss the complexity and future promise of applying nanoscience to neural recording.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Kruskal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Teng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Charles M Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Chen L, Li X, Shen D, Zhou L, Zhu D, Fan C, Zhang F. Rare Earth Core/Shell Nanobarcodes for Multiplexed Trace Biodetection. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5745-52. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEm (Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEm (Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEm (Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of
Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials,
Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute
of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEm (Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratory of
Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Laboratory of
Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEm (Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Lam B, Zhou W, Kelley SO, Sargent EH. Programmable definition of nanogap electronic devices using self-inhibited reagent depletion. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6940. [PMID: 25914024 PMCID: PMC4423216 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrodes exhibiting controlled nanoscale separations are required in devices for light detection, semiconductor electronics and medical diagnostics. Here we use low-cost lithography to define micron-separated electrodes, which we downscale to create three-dimensional electrodes separated by nanoscale gaps. Only by devising a new strategy, which we term electrochemical self-inhibited reagent depletion, were we able to produce a robust self-limiting nanogap manufacturing technology. We investigate the method using experiment and simulation and find that, when electrodeposition is carried out using micron-spaced electrodes simultaneously poised at the same potential, these exhibit self-inhibited reagent depletion, leading to defined and robust nanogaps. Particularly remarkable is the formation of fractal electrodes that exhibit interpenetrating jagged elements that consistently avoid electrical contact. We showcase the new technology by fabricating photodetectors with responsivities (A/W) that are one hundred times higher than previously reported photodetectors operating at the same low (1-3 V) voltages. The new strategy adds to the nanofabrication toolkit method that unites top-down template definition with bottom-up three-dimensional nanoscale features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Wendi Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Zhou L, Wang R, Yao C, Li X, Wang C, Zhang X, Xu C, Zeng A, Zhao D, Zhang F. Single-band upconversion nanoprobes for multiplexed simultaneous in situ molecular mapping of cancer biomarkers. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6938. [PMID: 25907226 PMCID: PMC4423208 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of potential diagnostic markers and target molecules among the plethora of tumour oncoproteins for cancer diagnosis requires facile technology that is capable of quantitatively analysing multiple biomarkers in tumour cells and tissues. Diagnostic and prognostic classifications of human tumours are currently based on the western blotting and single-colour immunohistochemical methods that are not suitable for multiplexed detection. Herein, we report a general and novel method to prepare single-band upconversion nanoparticles with different colours. The expression levels of three biomarkers in breast cancer cells were determined using single-band upconversion nanoparticles, western blotting and immunohistochemical technologies with excellent correlation. Significantly, the application of antibody-conjugated single-band upconversion nanoparticle molecular profiling technology can achieve the multiplexed simultaneous in situ biodetection of biomarkers in breast cancer cells and tissue specimens and produce more accurate results for the simultaneous quantification of proteins present at low levels compared with classical immunohistochemical technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEm (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, iChEm (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chi Yao
- Department of Chemistry, iChEm (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Chemistry, iChEm (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chengli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, iChEm (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Aijun Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, iChEm (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, iChEm (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Angle MR, Cui B, Melosh NA. Nanotechnology and neurophysiology. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2015; 32:132-40. [PMID: 25889532 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscience would be revolutionized by a technique to measure intracellular electrical potentials that would not disrupt cellular physiology and could be massively parallelized. Though such a technology does not yet exist, the technical hurdles for fabricating minimally disruptive, solid-state electrical probes have arguably been overcome in the field of nanotechnology. Nanoscale devices can be patterned with features on the same length scale as biological components, and several groups have demonstrated that nanoscale electrical probes can measure the transmembrane potential of electrogenic cells. Developing these nascent technologies into robust intracellular recording tools will now require a better understanding of device-cell interactions, especially the membrane-inorganic interface. Here we review the state-of-the art in nanobioelectronics, emphasizing the characterization and design of stable interfaces between nanoscale devices and cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Angle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Melosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA; Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Abdolahad M, Saeidi A, Janmaleki M, Mashinchian O, Taghinejad M, Taghinejad H, Azimi S, Mahmoudi M, Mohajerzadeh S. A single-cell correlative nanoelectromechanosensing approach to detect cancerous transformation: monitoring the function of F-actin microfilaments in the modulation of the ion channel activity. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:1879-1887. [PMID: 25524888 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06102k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancerous transformation may be dependent on correlation between electrical disruptions in the cell membrane and mechanical disruptions of cytoskeleton structures. Silicon nanotube (SiNT)-based electrical probes, as ultra-accurate signal recorders with subcellular resolution, may create many opportunities for fundamental biological research and biomedical applications. Here, we used this technology to electrically monitor cellular mechanosensing. The SiNT probe was combined with an electrically activated glass micropipette aspiration system to achieve a new cancer diagnostic technique that is based on real-time correlation between mechanical and electrical behaviour of single cells. Our studies demonstrated marked changes in the electrical response following increases in the mechanical aspiration force in healthy cells. In contrast, such responses were extremely weak for malignant cells. Confocal microscopy results showed the impact of actin microfilament remodelling on the reduction of the electrical response for aspirated cancer cells due to the significant role of actin in modulating the ion channel activity in the cell membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdolahad
- Nanoelectronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Fei J, Li J. Controlled preparation of porous TiO2-Ag nanostructures through supramolecular assembly for plasmon-enhanced photocatalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:314-319. [PMID: 25382153 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
By templating Ag(+)-induced supramolecular assembly at different temperatures, porous TiO2-Ag nanotubes and nanospheres are fabricated in a controlled manner due to the effect of Rayleigh instability. Compared with traditional TiO2 nanoparticles, TiO2-Ag nanostructures above show much more extensive visible light absorption and exhibit the noticeably plasmon-enhanced photocatalysis because of the existence of Ag nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Fei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecule Sciences, CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Quan Q, Zhang Y. Lab-on-a-Tip (LOT): Where Nanotechnology Can Revolutionize Fibre Optics. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2015; 2:3. [PMID: 29942369 PMCID: PMC5997371 DOI: 10.5772/60518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently developed lab-on-a-chip technologies integrate multiple traditional assays on a single chip with higher sensitivity, faster assay time, and more streamlined sample operation. We discuss the prospects of the lab-on-a-tip platform, where assays can be integrated on a miniaturized tip for in situ and in vivo analysis. It will resolve some of the limitations of available lab-on-a-chip platforms and enable next generation multifunctional in vivo sensors, as well as analytical techniques at the single cell or even sub-cellular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Quan
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Jiang JW. Intrinsic twisting instability of kinked silicon nanowires for intracellular recording. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:28515-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
External influence can actuate the intrinsic twisting vibration in the kinked silicon nanowire, in which the twisting amplitude is geometry dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wu Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200072
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Mai L, Tian X, Xu X, Chang L, Xu L. Nanowire Electrodes for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11828-62. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Mai
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaocong Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, United States
| | - Lin Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Ajetunmobi A, Prina-Mello A, Volkov Y, Corvin A, Tropea D. Nanotechnologies for the study of the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 123:18-36. [PMID: 25291406 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of central nervous system (CNS) disorders on the human population is significant, contributing almost €800 billion in annual European healthcare costs. These disorders not only have a disabling social impact but also a crippling economic drain on resources. Developing novel therapeutic strategies for these disorders requires a better understanding of events that underlie mechanisms of neural circuit physiology. Studying the relationship between genetic expression, synapse development and circuit physiology in CNS function is a challenging task, involving simultaneous analysis of multiple parameters and the convergence of several disciplines and technological approaches. However, current gold-standard techniques used to study the CNS have limitations that pose unique challenges to furthering our understanding of functional CNS development. The recent advancement in nanotechnologies for biomedical applications has seen the emergence of nanoscience as a key enabling technology for delivering a translational bridge between basic and clinical research. In particular, the development of neuroimaging and electrophysiology tools to identify the aetiology and progression of CNS disorders have led to new insights in our understanding of CNS physiology and the development of novel diagnostic modalities for therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on the latest applications of these nanotechnologies for investigating CNS function and the improved diagnosis of CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ajetunmobi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Prina-Mello
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Y Volkov
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Tropea
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Cacchioli A, Ravanetti F, Alinovi R, Pinelli S, Rossi F, Negri M, Bedogni E, Campanini M, Galetti M, Goldoni M, Lagonegro P, Alfieri R, Bigi F, Salviati G. Cytocompatibility and cellular internalization mechanisms of SiC/SiO2 nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4368-4375. [PMID: 25026180 DOI: 10.1021/nl501255m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
First evidence of in vitro cytocompatibility of SiC/SiO2 core-shell nanowires is reported. Different internalization mechanisms by adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial cells, monocytic cell line derived from an acute monocytic leukemia, breast cancer cells, and normal human dermal fibroblasts are shown. The internalization occurs mainly for macropinocytosis and sporadically by direct penetration in all cell models considered, whereas it occurred for phagocytosis only in monocytic leukemia cells. The cytocompatibility of the nanowires is proved by the analysis of cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and oxidative stress on the cells treated with NWs as compared to controls. Reactive oxygen species generation was detected as an early event that then quickly run out with a rapid decrease only in adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial and human dermal fibroblasts cells. In all the cell lines, the intracellular presence of NWs induce the same molecular events but to a different extent: peroxidation of membrane lipids and oxidation of proteins. The NWs do not elicit either midterm (72 h) or long-term (10 days) cytotoxic activity leading to irreversible cellular damages or death. Our results are important in view of a possible use of SiC/SiO2 core-shell structures acting as biomolecule-delivery vectors or intracellular electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Cacchioli
- Department of Veterinary Science, Unit of Normal Veterinary Anatomy, University of Parma , Parma 43126, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
147
|
Xu L, Jiang Z, Mai L, Qing Q. Multiplexed free-standing nanowire transistor bioprobe for intracellular recording: a general fabrication strategy. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:3602-7. [PMID: 24836976 DOI: 10.1021/nl5012855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent advance in free-standing nanowire transistor bioprobes opens up new opportunities of accurately interfacing spatially unobstructed nanoscale sensors with live cells. However, the existing fabrication procedures face efficiency and yield limitations when working with more complex nanoscale building blocks to integrate, for example, multiplexed recordings or additional functionalities. To date, only single-kinked silicon nanowires have been successfully used in such probes. Here we establish a general fabrication strategy to mitigate such limitations with which synthetically designed complex nanoscale building blocks can be readily used without causing significant penalty in yield or fabrication time, and the geometry of the probe can be freely optimized based on the orientation and structure of the building blocks. Using this new fabrication framework, we demonstrate the first multiplexed free-standing bioprobe based on w-shaped silicon kinked nanowires that are synthetically integrated with two nanoscale field-effect transistor devices. Simultaneous recording of intracellular action potentials from both devices have been obtained of a single spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Tang J, Zhang Y, Kong B, Wang Y, Da P, Li J, Elzatahry AA, Zhao D, Gong X, Zheng G. Solar-driven photoelectrochemical probing of nanodot/nanowire/cell interface. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:2702-8. [PMID: 24742186 DOI: 10.1021/nl500608w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a nitrogen-doped carbon nanodot (N-Cdot)/TiO2 nanowire photoanode for solar-driven, real-time, and sensitive photoelectrochemical probing of the cellular generation of H2S, an important endogenous gasotransmitter based on a tunable interfacial charge carrier transfer mechanism. Synthesized by a microwave-assisted solvothermal method and subsequent surface chemical conjugation, the obtained N-Cdot/TiO2 nanowire photoanode shows much enhanced photoelectrochemical photocurrent compared with pristine TiO2 nanowires. This photocurrent increase is attributed to the injection of photogenerated electrons from N-Cdots to TiO2 nanowires, confirmed by density functional theory simulation. In addition, the charge transfer efficiency is quenched by Cu(2+), whereas the introduction of H2S or S(2-) ions resets the charge transfer and subsequently the photocurrent, thus leading to sensitive photoelectrochemical recording of the H2S level in buffer and cellular environments. Moreover, this N-Cdot-TiO2 nanowire photoanode has been demonstrated for direct growth and interfacing of H9c2 cardiac myoblasts, with the capability of interrogating H2S cellular generation pathways by vascular endothelial growth factor stimulation as well as inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Zhou W, Dai X, Fu TM, Xie C, Liu J, Lieber CM. Long term stability of nanowire nanoelectronics in physiological environments. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1614-9. [PMID: 24479700 PMCID: PMC3960854 DOI: 10.1021/nl500070h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire nanoelectronic devices have been exploited as highly sensitive subcellular resolution detectors for recording extracellular and intracellular signals from cells, as well as from natural and engineered/cyborg tissues, and in this capacity open many opportunities for fundamental biological research and biomedical applications. Here we demonstrate the capability to take full advantage of the attractive capabilities of nanowire nanoelectronic devices for long term physiological studies by passivating the nanowire elements with ultrathin metal oxide shells. Studies of Si and Si/aluminum oxide (Al2O3) core/shell nanowires in physiological solutions at 37 °C demonstrate long-term stability extending for at least 100 days in samples coated with 10 nm thick Al2O3 shells. In addition, investigations of nanowires configured as field-effect transistors (FETs) demonstrate that the Si/Al2O3 core/shell nanowire FETs exhibit good device performance for at least 4 months in physiological model solutions at 37 °C. The generality of this approach was also tested with in studies of Ge/Si and InAs nanowires, where Ge/Si/Al2O3 and InAs/Al2O3 core/shell materials exhibited stability for at least 100 days in physiological model solutions at 37 °C. In addition, investigations of hafnium oxide-Al2O3 nanolaminated shells indicate the potential to extend nanowire stability well beyond 1 year time scale in vivo. These studies demonstrate that straightforward core/shell nanowire nanoelectronic devices can exhibit the long term stability needed for a range of chronic in vivo studies in animals as well as powerful biomedical implants that could improve monitoring and treatment of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering
and Applied
Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Xiaochuan Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering
and Applied
Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tian-Ming Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering
and Applied
Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering
and Applied
Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering
and Applied
Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Charles M. Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering
and Applied
Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
|