101
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Gebert M, Jaśkiewicz M, Moszyńska A, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. The Effects of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Cancer RNAi Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113119. [PMID: 33113880 PMCID: PMC7694039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the recent progress in RNAi delivery of siRNA-based therapeutics for cancer therapy, the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the general population could dramatically reduce the effectiveness of RNAi therapy. Their ubiquitous presence can also lead to unpredictable and adverse side effects. Because both SNPs and somatic mosaicisms have also been implicated in a number of human diseases including cancer, however, these specific changes offer the ability to selectively and efficiently target cancer cells. Here, we discuss how SNPs influence the development and success of novel anticancer RNAi therapies. Abstract Tremendous progress in RNAi delivery methods and design has allowed for the effective development of siRNA-based therapeutics that are currently under clinical investigation for various cancer treatments. This approach has the potential to revolutionize cancer therapy by providing the ability to specifically downregulate or upregulate the mRNA of any protein of interest. This exquisite specificity, unfortunately, also has a downside. Genetic variations in the human population are common because of the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs lead to synonymous and non-synonymous changes and they occur once in every 300 base pairs in both coding and non-coding regions in the human genome. Much less common are the somatic mosaicism variations associated with genetically distinct populations of cells within an individual that is derived from postzygotic mutations. These heterogeneities in the population can affect the RNAi’s efficacy or more problematically, which can lead to unpredictable and sometimes adverse side effects. From a more positive viewpoint, both SNPs and somatic mosaicisms have also been implicated in human diseases, including cancer, and these specific changes could offer the ability to effectively and, more importantly, selectively target the cancer cells. In this review, we discuss how SNPs in the human population can influence the development and success of novel anticancer RNAi therapies and the importance of why SNPs should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gebert
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.G.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Maciej Jaśkiewicz
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.G.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Adrianna Moszyńska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.G.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.G.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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102
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Sajid MI, Moazzam M, Kato S, Yeseom Cho K, Tiwari RK. Overcoming Barriers for siRNA Therapeutics: From Bench to Bedside. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E294. [PMID: 33036435 PMCID: PMC7600125 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway possesses immense potential in silencing any gene in human cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can efficiently trigger RNAi silencing of specific genes. FDA Approval of siRNA therapeutics in recent years garnered a new hope in siRNA therapeutics. However, their therapeutic use is limited by several challenges. siRNAs, being negatively charged, are membrane-impermeable and highly unstable in the systemic circulation. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the extracellular barriers, including enzymatic degradation of siRNAs by serum endonucleases and RNAases, rapid renal clearance, membrane impermeability, and activation of the immune system. Besides, we have thoroughly described the intracellular barriers such as endosomal trap and off-target effects of siRNAs. Moreover, we have reported most of the strategies and techniques in overcoming these barriers, followed by critical comments in translating these molecules from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Sajid
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (M.I.S.); (S.K.); (K.Y.C.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Moazzam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Shun Kato
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (M.I.S.); (S.K.); (K.Y.C.)
| | - Kayley Yeseom Cho
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (M.I.S.); (S.K.); (K.Y.C.)
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (M.I.S.); (S.K.); (K.Y.C.)
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103
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Wu X, Wu T, Liu J, Ding B. Gene Therapy Based on Nucleic Acid Nanostructure. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001046. [PMID: 32864890 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, nucleic acids have been employed for the construction of versatile nanostructures with well-defined shapes and sizes. Owing to the remarkable programmability, addressability, and biocompatibility, nucleic acid nanostructures are extensively applied in biomedical researches, such as bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery. In particular, nucleic acid nanostructures can act as promising candidates for the delivery of gene-related nucleic acid drugs based on the inherent homology. In this review, the recent progress in the design of multifunctional nucleic acid nanocarriers for gene therapy through antisense, RNA interference, gene editing, and gene expression is summarized. Furthermore, the challenges and future opportunities of nucleic acid nanotechnology in biomedical applications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianbing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Baoquan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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104
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Tao H, Xu H, Zuo L, Li C, Qiao G, Guo M, Zheng L, Leitgeb M, Lin X. Exosomes-coated bcl-2 siRNA inhibits the growth of digestive system tumors both in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:470-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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105
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Yu AM, Choi YH, Tu MJ. RNA Drugs and RNA Targets for Small Molecules: Principles, Progress, and Challenges. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:862-898. [PMID: 32929000 PMCID: PMC7495341 DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-based therapies, including RNA molecules as drugs and RNA-targeted small molecules, offer unique opportunities to expand the range of therapeutic targets. Various forms of RNAs may be used to selectively act on proteins, transcripts, and genes that cannot be targeted by conventional small molecules or proteins. Although development of RNA drugs faces unparalleled challenges, many strategies have been developed to improve RNA metabolic stability and intracellular delivery. A number of RNA drugs have been approved for medical use, including aptamers (e.g., pegaptanib) that mechanistically act on protein target and small interfering RNAs (e.g., patisiran and givosiran) and antisense oligonucleotides (e.g., inotersen and golodirsen) that directly interfere with RNA targets. Furthermore, guide RNAs are essential components of novel gene editing modalities, and mRNA therapeutics are under development for protein replacement therapy or vaccination, including those against unprecedented severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pandemic. Moreover, functional RNAs or RNA motifs are highly structured to form binding pockets or clefts that are accessible by small molecules. Many natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic antibiotics (e.g., aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, oxazolidinones, and phenicols) can directly bind to ribosomal RNAs to achieve the inhibition of bacterial infections. Therefore, there is growing interest in developing RNA-targeted small-molecule drugs amenable to oral administration, and some (e.g., risdiplam and branaplam) have entered clinical trials. Here, we review the pharmacology of novel RNA drugs and RNA-targeted small-molecule medications, with a focus on recent progresses and strategies. Challenges in the development of novel druggable RNA entities and identification of viable RNA targets and selective small-molecule binders are discussed. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: With the understanding of RNA functions and critical roles in diseases, as well as the development of RNA-related technologies, there is growing interest in developing novel RNA-based therapeutics. This comprehensive review presents pharmacology of both RNA drugs and RNA-targeted small-molecule medications, focusing on novel mechanisms of action, the most recent progress, and existing challenges.
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MESH Headings
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/pharmacology
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/therapeutic use
- Betacoronavirus
- COVID-19
- Chemistry Techniques, Analytical/methods
- Chemistry Techniques, Analytical/standards
- Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Drug Delivery Systems/methods
- Drug Development/organization & administration
- Drug Discovery
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/pharmacology
- MicroRNAs/therapeutic use
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/therapeutic use
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- RNA/adverse effects
- RNA/drug effects
- RNA/pharmacology
- RNA, Antisense/pharmacology
- RNA, Antisense/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/pharmacology
- RNA, Ribosomal/drug effects
- RNA, Ribosomal/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use
- RNA, Viral/drug effects
- Ribonucleases/metabolism
- Riboswitch/drug effects
- SARS-CoV-2
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (A.-M.Y., Y.H.C., M.-J.T.) and College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Gyonggi-do, Republic of Korea (Y.H.C.)
| | - Young Hee Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (A.-M.Y., Y.H.C., M.-J.T.) and College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Gyonggi-do, Republic of Korea (Y.H.C.)
| | - Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (A.-M.Y., Y.H.C., M.-J.T.) and College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Gyonggi-do, Republic of Korea (Y.H.C.)
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106
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, with the number of deaths rising every year. Much effort has gone into development of new treatment strategies. Many RNA species have important regulatory functions in disease initiation and progression, providing interesting new treatment options. This review focuses on different classes of RNA-based therapeutics and provides examples of current clinical and preclinical studies. Current challenges that prevent clinical translation and possibilities to overcome them will be discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Different RNA-based molecules have been developed, such as antisense oligos, microRNA mimics and small interfering RNAs. Modifications are used to prevent degradation and immune activation and improve affinity. Additionally, in order to improve delivery of the RNA molecules to the target tissues, viral or nonviral vectors can be used. SUMMARY RNA-based therapy has been shown to be a promising new treatment strategy for different disorders. However, several challenges, such as delivery problems and low efficacy remain. Future research will likely focus on effective delivery to target tissues in order to improve efficacy and avoid harmful side-effects.
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107
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Noske S, Karimov M, Aigner A, Ewe A. Tyrosine-Modification of Polypropylenimine (PPI) and Polyethylenimine (PEI) Strongly Improves Efficacy of siRNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1809. [PMID: 32927826 PMCID: PMC7557430 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) is an efficient method for gene silencing through the induction of RNA interference (RNAi). It critically relies, however, on efficient vehicles for siRNA formulation, for transfection in vitro as well as for their potential use in vivo. While polyethylenimines (PEIs) are among the most studied cationic polymers for nucleic acid delivery including small RNA molecules, polypropylenimines (PPIs) have been explored to a lesser extent. Previous studies have shown the benefit of the modification of small PEIs by tyrosine grafting which are featured in this paper. Additionally, we have now extended this approach towards PPIs, presenting tyrosine-modified PPIs (named PPI-Y) for the first time. In this study, we describe the marked improvement of PPI upon its tyrosine modification, leading to enhanced siRNA complexation, complex stability, siRNA delivery, knockdown efficacy and biocompatibility. Results of PPI-Y/siRNA complexes are also compared with data based on tyrosine-modified linear or branched PEIs (LPxY or PxY). Taken together, this establishes tyrosine-modified PPIs or PEIs as particularly promising polymeric systems for siRNA formulation and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.K.)
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108
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Nanna AR, Kel'in AV, Theile C, Pierson JM, Voo ZX, Garg A, Nair JK, Maier MA, Fitzgerald K, Rader C. Generation and validation of structurally defined antibody-siRNA conjugates. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:5281-5293. [PMID: 32347936 PMCID: PMC7261152 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful treatment strategy across a potentially broad range of diseases. Tailoring siRNAs to silence genes vital for cancer cell growth and function could be an effective treatment, but there are several challenges which must be overcome to enable their use as a therapeutic modality, among which efficient and selective delivery to cancer cells remains paramount. Attempts to use antibodies for siRNA delivery have been reported but these strategies use either nonspecific conjugation resulting in mixtures, or site-specific methods that require multiple steps, introduction of mutations, or use of enzymes. Here, we report a method to generate antibody–siRNA (1:2) conjugates (ARCs) that are structurally defined and easy to assemble. This ARC platform is based on engineered dual variable domain (DVD) antibodies containing a natural uniquely reactive lysine residue for site-specific conjugation to β-lactam linker-functionalized siRNA. The conjugation is efficient, does not compromise the affinity of the parental antibody, and utilizes chemically stabilized siRNA. For proof-of-concept, we generated DVD-ARCs targeting various cell surface antigens on multiple myeloma cells for the selective delivery of siRNA targeting β-catenin (CTNNB1). A set of BCMA-targeting DVD-ARCs at concentrations as low as 10 nM revealed significant CTNNB1 mRNA and protein knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Nanna
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zhi Xiang Voo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ashish Garg
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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109
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Cunha-Santos C, Perdigao PRL, Martin F, Oliveira JG, Cardoso M, Manuel A, Taveira N, Goncalves J. Inhibition of HIV replication through siRNA carried by CXCR4-targeted chimeric nanobody. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2859-2870. [PMID: 31641784 PMCID: PMC11104913 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) application in therapy still faces a major challenge with the lack of an efficient and specific delivery system. Current vehicles are often responsible for poor efficacy, safety concerns, and burden costs of siRNA-based therapeutics. Here, we describe a novel strategy for targeted delivery of siRNA molecules to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Specific membrane translocation of siRNA inhibitor was addressed by an engineered nanobody targeting the HIV co-receptor CXCR4 (NbCXCR4) in fusion with a single-chain variable fragment (4M5.3) that carried the FITC-conjugated siRNA. 4M5.3-NbCXCR4 conjugate (4M5.3X4) efficiently targeted CXCR4+ T lymphocytes, specifically translocating siRNA by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Targeted delivery of siRNA directed to the mRNA of HIV transactivator tat silenced Tat-driven viral transcription and inhibited the replication of distinct virus clades. In summary, we have shown that the engineered nanobody chimera developed in this study constitutes an efficient and specific delivery method of siRNAs through CXCR4 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Cunha-Santos
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ricardo Lucas Perdigao
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Martin
- HIV Evolution, Epidemiology and Prevention Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Gomes Oliveira
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Cardoso
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Manuel
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Taveira
- HIV Evolution, Epidemiology and Prevention Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joao Goncalves
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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110
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Bholakant R, Qian H, Zhang J, Huang X, Huang D, Feijen J, Zhong Y, Chen W. Recent Advances of Polycationic siRNA Vectors for Cancer Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2966-2982. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raut Bholakant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hongliang Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jan Feijen
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Science and Technology, TECHMED Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yinan Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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111
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Hu B, Zhong L, Weng Y, Peng L, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Liang XJ. Therapeutic siRNA: state of the art. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:101. [PMID: 32561705 PMCID: PMC7305320 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an ancient biological mechanism used to defend against external invasion. It theoretically can silence any disease-related genes in a sequence-specific manner, making small interfering RNA (siRNA) a promising therapeutic modality. After a two-decade journey from its discovery, two approvals of siRNA therapeutics, ONPATTRO® (patisiran) and GIVLAARI™ (givosiran), have been achieved by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. Reviewing the long-term pharmaceutical history of human beings, siRNA therapy currently has set up an extraordinary milestone, as it has already changed and will continue to change the treatment and management of human diseases. It can be administered quarterly, even twice-yearly, to achieve therapeutic effects, which is not the case for small molecules and antibodies. The drug development process was extremely hard, aiming to surmount complex obstacles, such as how to efficiently and safely deliver siRNAs to desired tissues and cells and how to enhance the performance of siRNAs with respect to their activity, stability, specificity and potential off-target effects. In this review, the evolution of siRNA chemical modifications and their biomedical performance are comprehensively reviewed. All clinically explored and commercialized siRNA delivery platforms, including the GalNAc (N-acetylgalactosamine)-siRNA conjugate, and their fundamental design principles are thoroughly discussed. The latest progress in siRNA therapeutic development is also summarized. This review provides a comprehensive view and roadmap for general readers working in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Weng
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Peng
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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112
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Heitz M, Zamolo S, Javor S, Reymond JL. Fluorescent Peptide Dendrimers for siRNA Transfection: Tracking pH Responsive Aggregation, siRNA Binding, and Cell Penetration. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1671-1684. [PMID: 32421327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transfecting nucleic acids into various cells is a key procedure in biological research also envisioned for therapeutic applications. In our effort to obtain simple reagents that would be readily accessible from commercial building blocks, we recently reported peptide dendrimers as single component siRNA transfection reagents accessible in pure form by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Here, we extend our studies of these dendrimers by identifying analogs bearing a coumarin or BODIPY fluorescent label in their core and displaying comparable siRNA transfection efficiencies, pH dependent aggregation, siRNA binding, and secondary structures. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies show that the dendrimers are tightly associated with siRNA within the formed nanoparticles at pH 7.4 but are released into solution at pH 5.0 and can participate in endosome escape by destabilizing the membrane at this pH value. Colocalization studies furthermore suggest that peptide dendrimers and siRNA remain tightly associated throughout the transfection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Heitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Zamolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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113
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Yang J, Wang Q, Feng G, Zeng M. Significance of Selective Protein Degradation in the Development of Novel Targeted Drugs and Its Implications in Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Guo‐Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Mu‐Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The clinical significance, target pathways, recent successes, and challenges that preclude translation of RNAi bone regenerative approaches are overviewed. RECENT FINDINGS RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising new therapeutic approach for bone regeneration by stimulating or inhibiting critical signaling pathways. However, RNAi suffers from significant delivery challenges. These challenges include avoiding nuclease degradation, achieving bone tissue targeting, and reaching the cytoplasm for mRNA inhibition. Many drug delivery systems have overcome stability and intracellular localization challenges but suffer from protein adsorption that results in clearance of up to 99% of injected dosages, thus severely limiting drug delivery efficacy. While RNAi has myriad promising attributes for use in bone regenerative applications, delivery challenges continue to plague translation. Thus, a focus on drug delivery system development is critical to provide greater delivery efficiency and bone targeting to reap the promise of RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic W Malcolm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Clyde Overby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Maureen Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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115
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Humphreys SC, Thayer MB, Campbell J, Chen WLK, Adams D, Lade JM, Rock BM. Emerging siRNA Design Principles and Consequences for Biotransformation and Disposition in Drug Development. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6407-6422. [PMID: 32352779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
After two decades teetering at the intersection of laboratory tool and therapeutic reality, with two siRNA drugs now clinically approved, this modality has finally come into fruition. Consistent with other emerging modalities, initial proof-of-concept efforts concentrated on coupling pharmacologic efficacy with desirable safety profiles. Consequently, thorough investigations of siRNA absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties are lacking. Advancing ADME knowledge will aid establishment of in vitro-in vivo correlations and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships to optimize candidate selection through discovery and translation. Here, we outline the emerging siRNA design principles and discuss the consequences for siRNA disposition and biotransformation. We propose a conceptual framework for siRNA ADME evaluation, contextualizing the site of biotransformation product formation with PK-PD modulation, and end with a discussion around safety and regulatory considerations and future directions for this modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Humphreys
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Department, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mai B Thayer
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Department, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jabbar Campbell
- Neuroscience Department, Amgen Research, 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Wen Li Kelly Chen
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences Department, Amgen Research, 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Dan Adams
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences Department, Amgen Research, 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Julie M Lade
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Department, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brooke M Rock
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Department, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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116
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Ullah R, Wazir J, Khan FU, Diallo MT, Ihsan AU, Mikrani R, Aquib M, Zhou X. Factors Influencing the Delivery Efficiency of Cancer Nanomedicines. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:132. [PMID: 32409932 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The superiority of nanomedicine over conventional medicines in the treatment of cancer has gained immediate recognition worldwide. As traditional cancer therapies are nonspecific and detrimental to healthy cells, the ability of nanomedicine to release drugs to target tumor cells specifically instead of healthy cells has brought new hope to cancer patients. This review focuses on the effects of various factors of nanoparticles such as transport, concentration in cells, tumor microenvironment, interaction with protein, penetration, uptake by tumor cells, cancer cell mutations, and intracellular trafficking of the nanoparticle. Besides the history of nanomedicine, future perspectives of nanomedicines are also explored in this text.
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117
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Yu T, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang X, Han B. The Delivery of RNA-Interference Therapies Based on Engineered Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:445. [PMID: 32478058 PMCID: PMC7235334 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an efficient post-transcriptional gene modulation strategy mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). Since its discovery, RNAi has been utilized extensively to diagnose and treat diseases at both the cellular and molecular levels. However, the application of RNAi therapies in bone regeneration has not progressed to clinical trials. One of the major challenges for RNAi therapies is the lack of efficient and safe delivery vehicles that can actualize sustained release of RNA molecules at the target bone defect site and in surrounding cells. One promising approach to achieve these requirements is encapsulating RNAi molecules into hydrogels for delivery, which enables the nucleic acids to be delivered as RNA conjugates or within nanoparticles. Herein, we reviewed recent investigations into RNAi therapies for bone regeneration where RNA delivery was performed by hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hufei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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118
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Meng QY, Cong HL, Hu H, Xu FJ. Rational design and latest advances of codelivery systems for cancer therapy. Mater Today Bio 2020; 7:100056. [PMID: 32510051 PMCID: PMC7264083 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatments have limited effectiveness in treating tumors. The combination of multiple drugs or treatment strategies is widely studied to improve therapeutic effect and reduce adverse effects of cancer therapy. The codelivery system is the key to realize combined therapies. It is necessary to design and construct different codelivery systems in accordance with the variable structures and properties of cargoes and vectors. This review presented the typical design considerations about codelivery vectors for cancer therapy and described the current state of codelivery systems from two aspects: different types of vectors and collaborative treatment strategies. The commonly used loading methods of cargoes into the vectors, including physical and chemical processes, are discussed in detail. Finally, we outline the challenges and perspectives about the improvement of codelivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - H L Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - H Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - F-J Xu
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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119
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Zhou K, Johnson LT, Xiong H, Barrios S, Minnig JT, Yan Y, Abram B, Yu X, Siegwart DJ. Hydrophobic Domain Structure of Linear-Dendritic Poly(ethylene glycol) Lipids Affects RNA Delivery of Lipid Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1575-1585. [PMID: 32267707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a series of linear-dendritic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) lipids (PEG-GnCm) were synthesized through a strategy using sequential aza- and sulfa-Michael addition reactions. The effect of modulating the hydrophobic domain of linear-dendritic PEG lipids was systematically investigated for in vitro and in vivo small RNA delivery as the surface-stabilizing component of 5A2-SC8 dendrimer lipid-based nanoparticles (DLNPs). The lipid alkyl lengths (C8, C12, and C16) and dendrimer generations (G1, G2, and G3) were altered to create PEG-GnCm with different physical properties and anchoring potential. The tail chemical structure of PEG-GnCm did not affect the formulation of 5A2-SC8 DLNPs, including the nanoparticle size, RNA encapsulation, and stability. However, the tail chemical structure did dramatically affect the RNA delivery efficacy of the formed 5A2-SC8 DLNPs with different PEG-GnCm. First-generation PEG lipids (PEG-G1C8, PEG-G1C12, and PEG-G1C16) and a second-generation PEG lipid (PEG-G2C8) formed 5A2-SC8 DLNPs that could deliver siRNAs effectively in vitro and in vivo. 5A2-SC8 DLNPs formulated with second-generation PEG lipids (PEG-G2C12 and PEG-G2C16) and all three third-generation PEG lipids (PEG-G3C8, PEG-G3C12, and PEG-G3C16) lost the ability to deliver siRNA effectively in vitro and in vivo. Overall, we determined that the hydrophobic domain chemical structure of linear-dendritic poly(ethylene glycol) lipids affected the RNA delivery of DLNPs by impacting the escape of 5A2-SC8 DLNPs from endosomes at early cell incubation times, thereby indicating how PEG lipid anchoring and chemical structure can modulate in vitro and in vivo siRNA delivery efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Lindsay T Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Hu Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Sergio Barrios
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jonathan T Minnig
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Bethanie Abram
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Xueliang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Daniel J Siegwart
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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120
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Laham-Karam N, Pinto GP, Poso A, Kokkonen P. Transcription and Translation Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment. Front Chem 2020; 8:276. [PMID: 32373584 PMCID: PMC7186406 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription and translation are fundamental cellular processes that govern the protein production of cells. These processes are generally up regulated in cancer cells, to maintain the enhanced metabolism and proliferative state of these cells. As such cancerous cells can be susceptible to transcription and translation inhibitors. There are numerous druggable proteins involved in transcription and translation which make lucrative targets for cancer drug development. In addition to proteins, recent years have shown that the "undruggable" transcription factors and RNA molecules can also be targeted to hamper the transcription or translation in cancer. In this review, we summarize the properties and function of the transcription and translation inhibitors that have been tested and developed, focusing on the advances of the last 5 years. To complement this, we also discuss some of the recent advances in targeting oncogenes tightly controlling transcription including transcription factors and KRAS. In addition to natural and synthetic compounds, we review DNA and RNA based approaches to develop cancer drugs. Finally, we conclude with the outlook to the future of the development of transcription and translation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihay Laham-Karam
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gaspar P. Pinto
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Piia Kokkonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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121
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Mi P, Cabral H, Kataoka K. Ligand-Installed Nanocarriers toward Precision Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902604. [PMID: 31353770 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Development of drug-delivery systems that selectively target neoplastic cells has been a major goal of nanomedicine. One major strategy for achieving this milestone is to install ligands on the surface of nanocarriers to enhance delivery to target tissues, as well as to enhance internalization of nanocarriers by target cells, which improves accuracy, efficacy, and ultimately enhances patient outcomes. Herein, recent advances regarding the development of ligand-installed nanocarriers are introduced and the effect of their design on biological performance is discussed. Besides academic achievements, progress on ligand-installed nanocarriers in clinical trials is presented, along with the challenges faced by these formulations. Lastly, the future perspectives of ligand-installed nanocarriers are discussed, with particular emphasis on their potential for emerging precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Mi
- Department of Radiology, Center for Medical Imaging, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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122
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has shown great potential as witnessed by an increasing number of immuno-oncology drug approvals in the past few years. Meanwhile, the field of nucleic acid therapeutics has made significant advancement. Nucleic acid therapeutics, such as plasmids, antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), immunomodulatory DNA/RNA, and gene-editing guide RNA (gRNA) are attractive due to their versatile abilities to alter the expression of target endogenous genes or even synthetic genes, and modulate the immune responses. These abilities can play vital roles in the development of novel immunotherapy strategies. However, limited by the intrinsic physicochemical properties such as negative charges, hydrophilicity, as well as susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics faces multiple challenges. It is therefore pivotal to develop drug delivery systems that can carry, protect, and specifically deliver and release nucleic acid therapeutics to target tissues and cells. In this review, we attempted to summarize recent advances in nucleic acid therapeutics and the delivery systems for these therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development (ISB3D), School of Pharmacy, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development (ISB3D), School of Pharmacy, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Janet Cole
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development (ISB3D), School of Pharmacy, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development (ISB3D), School of Pharmacy, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
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123
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Rac1 activates non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway to induce chemoresistance of breast cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1456. [PMID: 32193458 PMCID: PMC7081201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance development to one chemotherapeutic reagent leads frequently to acquired tolerance to other compounds, limiting the therapeutic options for cancer treatment. Herein, we find that overexpression of Rac1 is associated with multi-drug resistance to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Mechanistically, Rac1 activates aldolase A and ERK signaling which up-regulates glycolysis and especially the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). This leads to increased nucleotides metabolism which protects breast cancer cells from chemotherapeutic-induced DNA damage. To translate this finding, we develop endosomal pH-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) which deliver Rac1-targeting siRNA together with cisplatin and effectively reverses NAC-chemoresistance in PDXs from NAC-resistant breast cancer patients. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that targeting Rac1 is a potential strategy to overcome acquired chemoresistance in breast cancer. Acquired resistance to chemotherapy can lead to multi-drug resistance and poor prognosis in cancer. Here, the authors show that Rac1 increases glycolysis and non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway activity leading to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) resistance, thus its inhibition sensitizes resistant breast cancer PDXs to NAC.
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124
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Zhen S, Liu Y, Lu J, Tuo X, Yang X, Chen H, Chen W, Li X. Human Papillomavirus Oncogene Manipulation Using Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 Delivered by pH-Sensitive Cationic Liposomes. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:309-324. [PMID: 31973584 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology enables targeted gene editing, but cancer gene therapy with this approach requires improvements to enable safe and efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 to tumors. We developed and evaluated a self-assembled liposome to selectively deliver CRISPR/Cas9 to cancer tissues. Our CRISPR/Cas9 system effectively inhibited proliferation of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16-positive cervical cancer cells and induced apoptosis by inactivating the HR-HPV16E6/E7 oncogene. Based on this system, we prepared a long-circulating pH-sensitive cationic nano-liposome complex with a high cell targeting and gene knockout rate. Intratumoral injection of cationic liposomes targeted to splicing HPV16 E6/E7 in nude mice significantly inhibited tumor growth without significant toxicity in vivo. Liposomes that targeted HPV16 E6/E7 splicing were established as a basis for treatment of HPV16-positive cervical cancer drug candidates. Our study demonstrates that this liposome offers an efficient delivery system for nonviral gene editing, adding to the armamentarium of gene editing tools to advance safe and effective precision medicine-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China.,Medical Heredity Research Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China
| | - Xiaoqian Tuo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China
| | - Xiling Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China
| | - Hong Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China
| | - Xu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China.,Medical Heredity Research Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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125
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Tang Z, Luo C, Jun Y, Yao M, Zhang M, He K, Jin L, Ma J, Chen S, Sun S, Tao M, Ding L, Sun X, Chen X, Zhang L, Gao Y, Wang QL. Nanovector Assembled from Natural Egg Yolk Lipids for Tumor-Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7984-7994. [PMID: 31971362 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine uses nanotechnology-based strategies for precision tumor therapy, including passive and ligand-mediated active tumor targeting by nanocarriers. However, the possible biotoxicity of chemosynthetic nanovectors limits their clinical applications. A novel natural egg yolk lipid nanovector (EYLN) was developed for effective loading and delivery of therapeutic agents. Lipids were extracted from egg yolks and reassembled into nanosized particles. EYLNs' stability, cellular uptake, toxicity, and delivery capacity for therapeutic agents were evaluated in vitro. The systemic toxicity and biodistribution of EYLNs were analyzed in normal mice, and the therapeutic effects of doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded EYLNs were evaluated in mouse breast cancer and hepatoma models. EYLNs had a particle size of ∼40 nm and a surface ζ-potential of -45 mV and were effectively internalized by tumor cells, without showing toxicity and side effects in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, their excellent permeability and retention effect significantly enhanced the distribution of EYLNs at tumor sites, and EYLN-Dox effectively inhibited the tumor growth in both mouse models. Targeted modification with folic acid further promoted vector-mediated drug distribution in tumors. This study demonstrates that lipids with specific proportions in the egg yolk can be used to construct natural drug vectors, providing a new strategy for nano-oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Tang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Yali Jun
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Mengchu Yao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Mengyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Luhao Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Jianshe Ma
- School of Basic Medicine , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Song Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Jiangsu College of Nursing , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - SuAn Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Mingyue Tao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Lianshu Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Qi-Long Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
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126
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Small interfering RNA from the lab discovery to patients' recovery. J Control Release 2020; 321:616-628. [PMID: 32087301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In 1998, the RNA interference discovery by Fire and Mello revolutionized the scientific and therapeutic world. They showed that small double-stranded RNAs, the siRNAs, were capable of selectively silencing the expression of a targeted gene by degrading its mRNA. Very quickly, it appeared that the use of this natural mechanism was an excellent way to develop new therapeutics, due to its specificity at low doses. However, one major hurdle lies in the delivery into the targeted cells, given that the different extracellular and intracellular barriers of the organism coupled with the physico-chemical characteristics of siRNA do not allow an efficient and safe administration. The development of nanotechnologies has made it possible to counteract these hurdles by vectorizing the siRNA in a vector composed of cationic lipids or polymers, or to chemically modify it by conjugation to a molecule. This has enabled the first clinical developments of siRNAs to begin very quickly after their discovery, for the treatment of various acquired or hereditary pathologies. In 2018, the first siRNA-containing drug was approved by the FDA and the EMA for the treatment of an inherited metabolic disease, the hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. In this review, we discuss the different barriers to the siRNA after systemic administration and how vectorization or chemical modifications lead to avoid it. We describe some interesting clinical developments and finally, we present the future perspectives.
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127
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Park JH, Seo JH, Jeon HY, Seo SM, Lee HK, Park JI, Kim JY, Choi YK. Lentivirus-Mediated VEGF Knockdown Suppresses Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tumor Growth in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1331-1341. [PMID: 32104000 PMCID: PMC7025738 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s234344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gastric cancer has a high mortality rate worldwide. Although treatments, such as molecular-targeted therapy, have been introduced, the resulting long-term survival and prognosis remain unsatisfactory. Downregulation of the target genes using lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) can be an effective therapeutic strategy for patients with gastric cancer. Overexpressed vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) in human gastric cancer cells can be an effective novel therapeutic target for human gastric cancer. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of lentivirus-mediated knockdown of VEGF gene expression in human gastric cancer growth. Materials and Methods Specific shRNA sequences targeting VEGF were designed to construct a lentiviral expression vector. After human gastric carcinoma cells (cell line NCI-N87) were infected with the lentiviral vector, the therapeutic effects of the lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting VEGF were analyzed both in vitro and in vivo. Results Stable suppression of VEGF gene expression in NCI-N87 cells using shRNA (ShVEGF) showed significant inhibition of cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and cell motility. ShVEGF also showed increased G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, in vivo results from nude mice xenografted ShVEGF showed significant inhibition of tumor growth. Assessing the therapeutic effects of intratumoral injection of lentivirus-targeting VEGF (Virus_VEGF) revealed that it significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to that in the Virus_Scramble or saline injection control groups. Conclusion The constructed ShVEGF showed significant inhibition of NCI-N87 gastric cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. These experimental results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with gastric cancer using lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyung Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,Helixmith Co. Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Seo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,Department of Core Research Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Min Seo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kyul Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Il Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,Helixmith Co. Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Kyu Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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128
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Rudra A, Li J, Shakur R, Bhagchandani S, Langer R. Trends in Therapeutic Conjugates: Bench to Clinic. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:462-473. [PMID: 31990184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, therapeutic conjugates have attracted considerable attention as a new class of drug due to their unique pharmacological properties, especially from the pharmaceutical community. Their molecular structure tunability, improved targeting specificity, and therapeutic efficacy have been demonstrated in a wide range of research and clinical applications. In this topical review, we summarize selected recent advances in bioconjugation strategies for the development of therapeutic conjugates, their emerging application in clinical settings, as well as perspectives on the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Rudra
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Junwei Li
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rameen Shakur
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sachin Bhagchandani
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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129
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Jiang N, Zou C, Zhu Y, Luo Y, Chen L, Lei Y, Tang K, Sun Y, Zhang W, Li S, He Q, Zhou J, Chen Y, Luo J, Jiang W, Ke Z. HIF-1ɑ-regulated miR-1275 maintains stem cell-like phenotypes and promotes the progression of LUAD by simultaneously activating Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2553-2570. [PMID: 32194819 PMCID: PMC7052895 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be essential for tumorigenesis, recurrence, and metastasis and therefore serve as a biomarker for tumor progression in diverse cancers. Recent studies have illustrated that specific miRNAs exhibit novel therapeutic potential by controlling CSC properties. miR-1275 is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and enhances its stemness. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Methods: miRNA expression microarray of LUAD and adjacent nontumor tissues was used to identify miRNAs involved in LUAD malignant progression. miR-1275 expression level was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH), and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed in LUAD specimens. The upstream regulator of miR-1275 was validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The biological functions and underlying mechanisms of miR-1275 were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: MiR-1275 was highly upregulated in lung cancer cell lines and LUAD tissues. Overexpression of miR-1275 in lung cancer patients was associated with shorter overall- and recurrence-free-survival. Proto-oncogene HIF-1ɑ was identified as the transcription mediator of miR-1275. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling by miR-1275 was found to enhance the stemness of LUAD cells, while antagonizing miR-1275 or suppressing Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways potently reversed miR-1275-induced pathway co-activation and stemness. Enhanced stemness dramatically promoted tumorigenicity, recurrence, and metastasis. miR-1275 directly targeted multiple antagonists of Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways, including DKK3, SFRP1, GSK3β, RUNX3, and NUMB, respectively, which resulted in signaling activation. Conclusions: Our findings identified miR-1275 as a potential oncogene in LUAD that exerts its tumorigenic effect through co-activating Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways. Thus, HIF-1ɑ-regulated miR-1275 might be a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
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130
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Kotikam V, Viel JA, Rozners E. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Short Interfering RNAs Having Several Consecutive Amide Internucleoside Linkages. Chemistry 2020; 26:685-690. [PMID: 31693228 PMCID: PMC6980941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The success of RNA interference (RNAi) as a research tool and potential therapeutic approach has reinvigorated interest in chemical modifications of RNA. Replacement of the negatively charged phosphates with neutral amides may be expected to improve bioavailability and cellular uptake of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) critical for in vivo applications. In this study, we introduced up to seven consecutive amide linkages at the 3'-end of the guide strand of an siRNA duplex. Modified guide strands having four consecutive amide linkages retained high RNAi activity when paired with a passenger strand having one amide modification between its first and second nucleosides at the 5'-end. Further increase in the number of modifications decreased the RNAi activity; however, siRNAs with six and seven amide linkages still showed useful target silencing. While an siRNA duplex having nine amide linkages retained some silencing activity, the partial reduction of the negative charge did not enable passive uptake in HeLa cells. Our results suggest that further chemical modifications, in addition to amide linkages, are needed to enable cellular uptake of siRNAs in the absence of transfection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venubabu Kotikam
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, 13902, USA
| | - Julien A Viel
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, 13902, USA
| | - Eriks Rozners
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, 13902, USA
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131
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Kokkinos J, Ignacio RMC, Sharbeen G, Boyer C, Gonzales-Aloy E, Goldstein D, Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative Apgi, McCarroll JA, Phillips PA. Targeting the undruggable in pancreatic cancer using nano-based gene silencing drugs. Biomaterials 2020; 240:119742. [PMID: 32088410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is predicted to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2025. The best chemotherapy only extends survival by an average of 18 weeks. The extensive fibrotic stroma surrounding the tumor curbs therapeutic options as chemotherapy drugs cannot freely penetrate the tumor. RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising approach to revolutionize cancer treatment. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can be designed to inhibit the expression of any gene which is important given the high degree of genetic heterogeneity present in pancreatic tumors. Despite the potential of siRNA therapies, there are hurdles limiting their clinical application such as poor transport across biological barriers, limited cellular uptake, degradation, and rapid clearance. Nanotechnology can address these challenges. In fact, the past few decades have seen the conceptualization, design, pre-clinical testing and recent clinical approval of a RNAi nanodrug to treat disease. In this review, we comment on the current state of play of clinical trials evaluating siRNA nanodrugs and review pre-clinical studies investigating the efficacy of siRNA therapeutics in pancreatic cancer. We assess the physiological barriers unique to pancreatic cancer that need to be considered when designing and testing new nanomedicines for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kokkinos
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rosa Mistica C Ignacio
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - George Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Estrella Gonzales-Aloy
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Prince of Wales Hospital, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Tumour Biology & Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2031; School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Phoebe A Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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132
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Rasines Mazo A, Allison-Logan S, Karimi F, Chan NJA, Qiu W, Duan W, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Qiao GG. Ring opening polymerization of α-amino acids: advances in synthesis, architecture and applications of polypeptides and their hybrids. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4737-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, architectural design and biomedical applications of polypeptides and their hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rasines Mazo
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wenlian Qiu
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research
- Melbourne Dental School and the Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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133
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Zins K, Abraham D. Cancer Immunotherapy: Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages by Gene Silencing. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2115:289-325. [PMID: 32006408 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0290-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are representing a major leukocyte population in solid tumors. Macrophages are very heterogeneous and plastic cells and can acquire distinct functional phenotypes ranging from antitumorigenic to immunosuppressive tumor-promoting M2-like TAMs, depending on the local tissue microenvironment (TME). TAMs express cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) modifying factors, and the cross talk with the TME regulates pathways involved in the recruitment, polarization, and metabolism of TAMs during tumor progression. Due to their crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis, selective targeting of TAM for the treatment of cancer with therapeutic agents that promote phagocytosis or suppress survival, proliferation, trafficking, or polarization of TAMs may prove to be beneficial in cancer therapy. In this chapter, we will discuss TAM biology and current strategies for the targeting of TAMs using small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based drugs. In the past few years, advances in the field of nanomedicine pave the way for the development of siRNA-based drugs as an additional class of personalized cancer immuno-nanomedicines. Fundamental challenges associated with this group of therapeutics include the development process, delivery system, and clinical translation for siRNA-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Zins
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Abraham
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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134
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Weng Y, Huang Q, Li C, Yang Y, Wang X, Yu J, Huang Y, Liang XJ. Improved Nucleic Acid Therapy with Advanced Nanoscale Biotechnology. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:581-601. [PMID: 31927331 PMCID: PMC6957827 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to a series of systemic and intracellular obstacles in nucleic acid (NA) therapy, including fast degradation in blood, renal clearance, poor cellular uptake, and inefficient endosomal escape, NAs may need delivery methods to transport to the cell nucleus or cytosol to be effective. Advanced nanoscale biotechnology-associated strategies, such as controlling the particle size, charge, drug loading, response to environmental signals, or other physical/chemical properties of delivery carriers, have provided great help for the in vivo and in vitro delivery of NA therapeutics. In this review, we introduce the characteristics of different NA modalities and illustrate how advanced nanoscale biotechnology assists NA therapy. The specific features and challenges of various nanocarriers in clinical and preclinical studies are summarized and discussed. With the help of advanced nanoscale biotechnology, some of the major barriers to the development of NA therapy will eventually be overcome in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Weng
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.
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135
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Bartoszewski R, Sikorski AF. Editorial focus: understanding off-target effects as the key to successful RNAi therapy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:69. [PMID: 31867046 PMCID: PMC6902517 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the first RNA interference (RNAi) drug (ONPATTRO (patisiran)) on the market, we witness the RNAi therapy field reaching a critical turning point, when further improvements in drug candidate design and delivery pipelines should enable fast delivery of novel life changing treatments to patients. Nevertheless, ignoring parallel development of RNAi dedicated in vitro pharmacological profiling aiming to identify undesirable off-target activity may slow down or halt progress in the RNAi field. Since academic research is currently fueling the RNAi development pipeline with new therapeutic options, the objective of this article is to briefly summarize the basics of RNAi therapy, as well as to discuss how to translate basic research into better understanding of related drug candidate safety profiles early in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksander F. Sikorski
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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136
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Shao YT, Ma L, Zhang TH, Xu TR, Ye YC, Liu Y. The Application of the RNA Interference Technologies for KRAS: Current Status, Future Perspective and Associated Challenges. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2143-2157. [PMID: 31456522 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190828162217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
KRAS is a member of the murine sarcoma virus oncogene-RAS gene family. It plays an important role in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tumors during tumor cell growth and angiogenesis. KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene in human cancers, such as pancreatic cancers, colon cancers, and lung cancers. Detection of KRAS gene mutation is an important indicator for tracking the status of oncogenes, highlighting the developmental prognosis of various cancers, and the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the efficacy of different patients in clinical treatment is not the same. Since RNA interference (RNAi) technologies can specifically eliminate the expression of specific genes, these technologies have been widely used in the field of gene therapy for exploring gene function, infectious diseases and malignant tumors. RNAi refers to the phenomenon of highly specific degradation of homologous mRNA induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is highly conserved during evolution. There are three classical RNAi technologies, including siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 system, and a novel synthetic lethal interaction that selectively targets KRAS mutant cancers. Therefore, the implementation of individualized targeted drug therapy has become the best choice for doctors and patients. Thus, this review focuses on the current status, future perspective and associated challenges in silencing of KRAS with RNAi technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Shao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Li Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tie-Hui Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Heishan County, Jinzhou city, Liaoning, Jinzhou 121400, China
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuan-Chao Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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137
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Mendes LP, Sarisozen C, Luther E, Pan J, Torchilin VP. Surface-engineered polyethyleneimine-modified liposomes as novel carrier of siRNA and chemotherapeutics for combination treatment of drug-resistant cancers. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:443-458. [PMID: 30929529 PMCID: PMC6450504 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1574935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Modification of nanoparticle surfaces with PEG has been widely considered the gold standard for many years. However, PEGylation presents controversial and serious challenges including lack of functionality, hindered cellular interaction, allergic reactions, and stimulation of IgM production after repetitive dosing that accelerates blood clearance of the nanoparticles. We report the development of novel liposomal formulations surface-modified with a low molecular weight, branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI)-lipid conjugate for use as an alternative to PEG. The formulations had very good stability characteristics in ion- and protein-rich mediums. Protein adsorption onto the liposomal surface did not interfere with the cellular interaction. bPEI-modified liposomes (PEIPOS) showed enhanced association with three different cell lines by up to 75 times compared to plain or PEGylated liposomes and were without carrier toxicity. They also penetrated the deeper layers of 3D spheroids. Encapsulating paclitaxel (PTX) into PEIPOS did not change its main mechanism of action. PEIPOS complexed and intracellularly delivered siRNAs and downregulated resistance-associated proteins. Finally, tumor growth inhibition was observed in a mouse ovarian xenograft tumor model, without signs of toxicity, in animals treated with the siRNA/PTX co-loaded formulation. These complex-in-nature but simple-in-design novel liposomal formulations constitute viable and promising alternatives with added functionality to their PEGylated counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia P. Mendes
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Can Sarisozen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ed Luther
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiayi Pan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir P. Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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138
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Efficient nanocarriers of siRNA therapeutics for cancer treatment. Transl Res 2019; 214:62-91. [PMID: 31369717 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers as drug delivery systems are promising and becoming popular, especially for cancer treatment. In addition to improving the pharmacokinetics of poorly soluble hydrophobic drugs by solubilizing them in a hydrophobic core, nanocarriers allow cancer-specific combination drug deliveries by inherent passive targeting phenomena and adoption of active targeting strategies. Nanoparticle-drug formulations can enhance the safety, pharmacokinetic profiles, and bioavailability of locally or systemically administered drugs, leading to improved therapeutic efficacy. Gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly developing as a personalized field of cancer treatment. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used to switch off specific cancer genes, in effect, "silence the gene, silence the cancer." siRNA can be used to silence specific genes that produce harmful or abnormal proteins. The activity of siRNA can be used to harness cellular machinery to destroy a corresponding sequence of mRNA that encodes a disease-causing protein. At present, the main barrier to implementing siRNA therapies in clinical practice is the lack of an effective delivery system that protects the siRNA from nuclease degradation, delivers to it to cancer cells, and releases it into the cytoplasm of targeted cancer cells, without creating adverse effects. This review provides an overview of various nanocarrier formulations in both research and clinical applications with a focus on combinations of siRNA and chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems for the treatment of multidrug resistant cancer. The use of various nanoparticles for siRNA-drug delivery, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, inorganic nanoparticles, exosomes, and red blood cells for targeted drug delivery in cancer is discussed.
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139
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Mazza M, Ahmad H, Hadjidemetriou M, Agliardi G, Pathmanaban ON, King AT, Bigger BW, Vranic S, Kostarelos K. Hampering brain tumor proliferation and migration using peptide nanofiber:si PLK1/ MMP2 complexes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:3127-3142. [PMID: 31855120 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a nonviral tool for the delivery of siRNA to brain tumor cells using peptide nanofibers (PNFs). Materials & methods: Uptake of PNFs was evaluated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Gene silencing was determined by RT-qPCR and cell invasion assay. Results: PNFs enter phagocytic (BV-2) and nonphagocytic (U-87 MG) cells via endocytosis and passive translocation. siPLK1 delivered using PNFs reduced the expression of polo-like kinase 1 mRNA and induced cell death in a panel of immortalized and glioblastoma-derived stem cells. Moreover, targeting MMP2 using PNF:siMMP2 reduced the invasion capacity of U-87 MG cells. We show that stereotactic intra-tumoral administration of PNF:siPLK1 significantly extends the survival of tumor bearing mice comparing with the untreated tumor bearing animals. Conclusion: Our results suggest that this nanomedicine-based RNA interference approach deserves further investigation as a potential brain tumor therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosa Mazza
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hassan Ahmad
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Marilena Hadjidemetriou
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Giulia Agliardi
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Omar N Pathmanaban
- Department of Neurosurgery, Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Andrew T King
- Department of Neurosurgery, Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Brian W Bigger
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies Group, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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140
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Cummings JC, Zhang H, Jakymiw A. Peptide carriers to the rescue: overcoming the barriers to siRNA delivery for cancer treatment. Transl Res 2019; 214:92-104. [PMID: 31404520 PMCID: PMC6848774 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant health concern worldwide and its clinical treatment presents many challenges. Consequently, much research effort has focused on the development of new anticancer drugs to combat this disease. One area of exploration, in particular, has been in the therapeutic application of RNA interference (RNAi). Although RNAi appears to be an attractive therapeutic tool for the treatment of cancer, one of the primary obstacles towards its pervasive use in the clinic has been cell/tissue type-specific cytosolic delivery of therapeutic small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules. Consequently, varied drug delivery platforms have been developed and widely explored for siRNA delivery. Among these candidate drug delivery systems, peptides have shown great promise as siRNA carriers due to their varied physiochemical properties and functions, simple formulations, and flexibility in design. In this review, we will focus on distinguishing between the different classes of peptide carriers based on their functions, as well as summarize and discuss the various design strategies and advancements that have been made in circumventing the barriers to siRNA delivery for cancer treatment. Resolution of these challenges by peptide carriers will accelerate the translation of RNAi-based therapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Cummings
- Departments of Oral Health Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Departments of Oral Health Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Andrew Jakymiw
- Departments of Oral Health Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina.
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141
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Gokita K, Inoue J, Ishihara H, Kojima K, Inazawa J. Therapeutic Potential of LNP-Mediated Delivery of miR-634 for Cancer Therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:330-338. [PMID: 31877409 PMCID: PMC6938807 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by interfering with the translation or stability of target transcripts. Some tumor-suppressive miRNAs can concurrently target multiple cancer-promoting genes and may be useful as therapeutic anticancer agents. However, the development of drug delivery systems is critical for the implementation of miRNA-based therapeutics. We have previously demonstrated that the enforced expression of miR-634 effectively induces apoptosis by concurrently and directly targeting genes associated with mitochondrial homeostasis, antiapoptosis signaling, antioxidant ability, and autophagy in cancer cells. In the current study, we validated the therapeutic potential of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mediated delivery of miR-634 for cancer therapy. We confirmed the ability of enforced expression of miR-634 to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, including pancreatic cancer cells. Intravenous administration of LNPs harboring miR-634 significantly reduced the xenograft tumor growth of BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells in mice. These findings suggest that LNP-mediated delivery of miR-634 can potentially be used for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Gokita
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Minimally Invasive Treatment, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ishihara
- Nanomedicine Research, hhc Data Creation Center, Eisai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kojima
- Department of Minimally Invasive Treatment, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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142
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Improving the therapeutic efficiency of noncoding RNAs in cancers using targeted drug delivery systems. Drug Discov Today 2019; 25:718-730. [PMID: 31758914 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of noncoding (nc)RNA to target cancer stem cells and metastatic tumors has shown many positive outcomes, resulting in improved and more efficient treatment strategies. The success of therapeutic RNA depends solely on passing cellular barriers to reach the target site, where it binds to the mRNA of the interest. By 2018, 20 clinical trials had been initiated, most focusing on cancer and diabetes, with some progressing to Phase II clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy of small interfering (si)RNA. Many challenges limit RNA interference (RNAi) and miRNA usage in vivo; therefore, various approaches have been developed to promote ncRNA efficiency and stability. In this review, we focus on targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) via the modification of delivery systems utilizing nanotechnology-based delivery approaches.
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143
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Bovone G, Guzzi EA, Tibbitt MW. Flow‐based reactor design for the continuous production of polymeric nanoparticles. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bovone
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH Zürich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Elia A. Guzzi
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH Zürich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Mark W. Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH Zürich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
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144
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Abstract
The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway regulates mRNA stability and translation in nearly all human cells. Small double-stranded RNA molecules can efficiently trigger RNAi silencing of specific genes, but their therapeutic use has faced numerous challenges involving safety and potency. However, August 2018 marked a new era for the field, with the US Food and Drug Administration approving patisiran, the first RNAi-based drug. In this Review, we discuss key advances in the design and development of RNAi drugs leading up to this landmark achievement, the state of the current clinical pipeline and prospects for future advances, including novel RNAi pathway agents utilizing mechanisms beyond post-translational RNAi silencing.
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145
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He Y, Guo S, Wu L, Chen P, Wang L, Liu Y, Ju H. Near-infrared boosted ROS responsive siRNA delivery and cancer therapy with sequentially peeled upconversion nano-onions. Biomaterials 2019; 225:119501. [PMID: 31561086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) therapy has become an appealing approach for cancer treatment, while the specificity and efficiency of controlled small interference RNA (siRNA) release remain challenging due to the heterogeneity of tumor environment. Herein, upconversion nano-onions (UCNOs) with stacked polymer coating layers are constructed to decompose sequentially in response to extracellular environment and NIR stimulation. The UCNOs (UCNPs-PEIRB-PEISeSe/siRNA-R8-HA) are composed of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) core functionalized with inner coating layer of photosensitizer rose bengal (RB) conjugated PEI 600, middle coating layer of singlet oxygen (1O2) sensitive diselenide linked PEI 600 with therapeutic siRNA loading and cell-penetrating peptide R8 modification, and outer coating layer of negatively charged hyaluronic acid (HA). HA prevents siRNA leakage during delivery process and specifically targets tumor cells with overexpressed CD44 membrane receptors, and digested by cell secreted hyaluronidase (HAase). Upon the subsequent irradiation at 808 nm, UCNPs core generates emissions around 540 nm, which activate RB to boost ROS generation for complete PEI-SeSe decompose. The NIR boosted decompose of UCNOs induces a fast and efficient siRNA release, which effectively improves the gene silencing efficiency in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in vivo. The proposed sequentially responsive UCNOs have promising potential application in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling He
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lina Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pengwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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146
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Ulkoski D, Bak A, Wilson JT, Krishnamurthy VR. Recent advances in polymeric materials for the delivery of RNA therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:1149-1167. [PMID: 31498013 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1663822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics through non-viral carriers face multiple biological barriers that reduce their therapeutic efficiency. Despite great progress, there remains a significant technological gap that continues to limit clinical translation of these nanocarriers. A number of polymeric materials are being exploited to efficiently deliver nucleic acids and achieve therapeutic effects. Areas covered: We discuss the recent advances in the polymeric materials for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. We examine the use of common polymer architectures and highlight the challenges that exist for their development from bench side to clinic. We also provide an overview of the most notable improvements made to circumvent such challenges, including structural modification and stimuli-responsive approaches, for safe and effective nucleic acid delivery. Expert opinion: It has become apparent that a universal carrier that follows 'one-size' fits all model cannot be expected for delivery of all nucleic acid therapeutics. Carriers need to be designed to exhibit sensitivity and specificity toward individual targets diseases/indications, and relevant subcellular compartments, each of which possess their own unique challenges. The ability to devise synthetic methods that control the molecular architecture enables the future development that allow for the construction of 'intelligent' designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ulkoski
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca , Boston , USA
| | - Annette Bak
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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147
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Saw PE, Yao H, Lin C, Tao W, Farokhzad OC, Xu X. Stimuli-Responsive Polymer-Prodrug Hybrid Nanoplatform for Multistage siRNA Delivery and Combination Cancer Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5967-5974. [PMID: 31381852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) formulated with cationic lipids and/or polymers have shown substantial potential for systemic delivery of RNA therapeutics such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. While both cationic lipids and polymers have demonstrated the promise to facilitate siRNA encapsulation and endosomal escape, they could also hamper cytosolic siRNA release due to charge interaction and induce potential toxicities. Herein, a unique polymer-prodrug hybrid NP platform was developed for multistage siRNA delivery and combination cancer therapy. This NP system is composed of (i) a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell, (ii) a hydrophobic NP core made with a tumor microenvironment (TME) pH-responsive polymer, and (iii) charge-mediated complexes of siRNA and amphiphilic cationic mitoxantrone (MTO)-based prodrug that are encapsulated in the NP core. After intravenous administration, the long-circulating NPs accumulate in tumor tissues and then rapidly release the siRNA-prodrug complexes via TME pH-mediated NP disassociation for subsequent tissue penetration and cytosolic transport. With the overexpressed esterase in tumor cells to hydrolyze the amphiphilic structure of the prodrug and thereby induce destabilization of the siRNA-prodrug complexes, the therapeutic siRNA and anticancer drug MTO can be efficiently released in the cytoplasm, ultimately leading to the combinational inhibition of tumor growth via concurrent RNAi-mediated gene silencing and MTO-mediated chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Herui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Chunhao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
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148
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Zheng M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Zou Y, Ruan W, Yin J, Tao W, Park JB, Shi B. ROS-Responsive Polymeric siRNA Nanomedicine Stabilized by Triple Interactions for the Robust Glioblastoma Combinational RNAi Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903277. [PMID: 31348581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) holds inherent advantages and great potential for treating refractory diseases. However, lack of suitable siRNA delivery systems that demonstrate excellent circulation stability and effective at-site delivery ability is currently impeding siRNA therapeutic performance. Here, a polymeric siRNA nanomedicine (3I-NM@siRNA) stabilized by triple interactions (electrostatic, hydrogen bond, and hydrophobic) is constructed. Incorporating extra hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions significantly improves the physiological stability compared to an siRNA nanomedicine analog that solely relies on the electrostatic interaction for stability. The developed 3I-NM@siRNA nanomedicine demonstrates effective at-site siRNA release resulting from tumoral reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered sequential destabilization. Furthermore, the utility of 3I-NM@siRNA for treating glioblastoma (GBM) by functionalizing 3I-NM@siRNA nanomedicine with angiopep-2 peptide is enhanced. The targeted Ang-3I-NM@siRNA exhibits superb blood-brain barrier penetration and potent tumor accumulation. Moreover, by cotargeting polo-like kinase 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, Ang-3I-NM@siRNA shows effective suppression of tumor growth and significantly improved survival time of nude mice bearing orthotopic GBM brain tumors. New siRNA nanomedicines featuring triple-interaction stabilization together with inbuilt self-destruct delivery ability provide a robust and potent platform for targeted GBM siRNA therapy, which may have utility for RNA interference therapy of other tumors or brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Dongya Zhang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Weimin Ruan
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Jinlong Yin
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, South Korea
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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149
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Soleimani A, Taghizadeh E, Shahsavari S, Amini Y, Rashidpour H, Azadian E, Jafari A, Parizadeh MR, Mashayekhi K, Soukhtanloo M, Jaafari MR. CD73; a key ectonucleotidase in the development of breast cancer: Recent advances and perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14622-14632. [PMID: 30693504 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion and metastasis are the definitive cause of mortality in breast cancer (BC). Hypoxia and pro-inflammatory cytokines upregulate the CD73 gene in the tumor microenvironment. Subsequently, CD73 triggers molecular and cellular signaling pathways by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways, which finally leads to breast tumor progression and development. In this paper, we summarize current advances in the understanding of CD73-driven mechanisms that promote BC development and mortality. Furthermore, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of CD73 targeting in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Shahsavari
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yousef Amini
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hatam Rashidpour
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Azadian
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Jafari
- School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Kazem Mashayekhi
- Immuno-Biochemistry Lab, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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150
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Qiu M, Ouyang J, Wei Y, Zhang J, Lan Q, Deng C, Zhong Z. Selective Cell Penetrating Peptide-Functionalized Envelope-Type Chimeric Lipopepsomes Boost Systemic RNAi Therapy for Lung Tumors. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900500. [PMID: 31231966 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is considered a highly specific and potent biotherapeutic that holds tremendous potential for the treatment of various diseases. The clinical translation of siRNA is, however, greatly impeded by the lack of safe and efficient delivery vehicles in vivo. Here, the development of selective cell penetrating peptide (CPP33)-functionalized chimeric lipopepsomes (CPP33-CLP) for efficient encapsulation and selective delivery of polo-like kinase 1 specific siRNA (siPLK1) to orthotopic A549 human lung tumor in vivo is reported. Interestingly, siRNA is tightly encapsulated into CPP33-CLP with a superb encapsulation efficiency of over 95% owing to the thick strong electrostatic interactions. Notably, siPLK1-loaded CPP33-CLP (siPLK1-CPP33-CLP) is selectively internalized by A549 human lung cancer cells, efficiently escapes from endosomes, and swiftly releases siRNA into the cytoplasm, affording a significant sequence-specific gene silencing in vitro. Moreover, siPLK1-CPP33-CLP exhibits prolonged blood circulation, enhanced tumor accumulation, effective suppression of tumor growth, and considerably elevated survival time of orthotopic A549 human lung tumor-bearing nude mice. These chimeric lipopepsomes appear as an attractive and potent nanoplatform for safe and targeted siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yaohua Wei
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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