101
|
Zwirner NW, Ziblat A. Regulation of NK Cell Activation and Effector Functions by the IL-12 Family of Cytokines: The Case of IL-27. Front Immunol 2017; 8:25. [PMID: 28154569 PMCID: PMC5243847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are characterized by their ability to detect and induce apoptosis of susceptible target cells and by secretion of immunoregulatory cytokines such as IFN-γ. Activation of these effector functions is triggered upon recognition of tumor and pathogen (mostly virus)-infected cells and because of a bidirectional cross talk that NK cells establish with other cells of myeloid origin such as dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. A common characteristic of these myeloid cells is their ability to secrete different members of the IL-12 family of cytokines such as IL-12, IL-23, and IL-27 and cytokines such as IL-15 and IL-18. Although the effect of IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 has been characterized, the effect of IL-23 and IL-27 on NK cells (especially human) remains ill-defined. Particularly, IL-27 is a cytokine with dual functions as it has been described as pro- and as anti-inflammatory in different experimental settings. Recent evidence indicates that this cytokine indeed promotes human NK cell activation, IFN-γ secretion, NKp46-dependent NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and antibody (Ab)-dependent NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against monoclonal Ab-coated tumor cells. Remarkably, IL-27 also primes NK cells for IL-18 responsiveness, enhancing these functional responses. Consequently, IL-27 acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine that, in concert with other DC-derived cytokines, hierarchically contributes to NK cells activation and effector functions, which likely contributes to foster the adaptive immune response in different physiopathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Walter Zwirner
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME, CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Ziblat
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME, CONICET) , Ciudad de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Krueger PD, Narayanan S, Surette FA, Brown MG, Sung SSJ, Hahn YS. Murine liver-resident group 1 innate lymphoid cells regulate optimal priming of anti-viral CD8+ T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 101:329-338. [PMID: 27493244 PMCID: PMC6608037 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0516-225r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver contains 2 transcriptionally distinct group 1 ILC subsets: CD49a+ ILC1s and CD49b+ NK cells. However, little is known about how group 1 ILCs contribute to hepatic immune responses. Therefore, we characterized murine liver-resident group 1 ILCs and found that CD49a+ ILC1s express high levels of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A and localize near DCs in perivascular spaces surrounding the portal triads. Upon hepatic viral infection, NKG2A signaling in group 1 ILCs, especially in CD49a+ ILC1s, inhibits CXCL9 expression required for robust accumulation of IFN-γ+CD49b+ NK cells. As a consequence, NKG2A-/- mice showed increased numbers of IFN-γ-producing NK cells that preferentially activate liver CD103+ DCs, leading to the sustained proliferation of adoptively transferred, virus-specific CD8+ T cells. Collectively, these data suggest that group 1 ILCs play a role in maintaining the liver as a tolerogenic site by limiting the recruitment of peripheral NK cells during the early phase of viral infection. Furthermore, our findings implicate that the inhibition of NKG2A signaling on group 1 ILCs may be a novel vaccine strategy to induce robust CD8+ T cell responses against persistent liver pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Krueger
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sowmya Narayanan
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Fionna A Surette
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael G Brown
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Sun-Sang J Sung
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; and
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Young S Hahn
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
NK cells are biologic and biochemical targets of 6-mercaptopurine in Crohn's disease patients. Clin Immunol 2016; 175:82-90. [PMID: 28011186 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
NK cells, which contribute to immune defense against certain viral infections and neoplasia, are emerging as modifiers of chronic immunologic diseases including transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases. Immunobiology and genetic studies have implicated NK cells as a modifier of Crohn's disease, a condition often treated with thiopurine agents such as 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Here, we demonstrate that thiopurines mediate NK cell apoptosis via a caspase 3 and 9 inclusive pathway, and that this process is triggered by thiopurine-mediated inhibition of Rac1. We also show that CD patients in clinical remission maintained on 6-MP have decreased NK cell Rac1 activity, and decreased NK cell numbers in their intestinal biopsies. These observations suggest that thiopurine targeting of NK cells may be a previously unappreciated therapeutic action of these agents in IBD.
Collapse
|
104
|
NK-DC Crosstalk in Immunity to Microbial Infection. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6374379. [PMID: 28097157 PMCID: PMC5206438 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6374379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between natural killer (NK) cell and dendritic cell (DC), two important cellular components of innate immunity, started to be elucidated in the last years. The crosstalk between NK cells and DC, which leads to NK cell activation, DC maturation, or apoptosis, involves cell-cell contacts and soluble factors. This interaction either in the periphery or in the secondary lymphoid organs acts as a key player linking innate and adaptive immune responses to microbial stimuli. This review focuses on the mechanisms of NK-DC interaction and their relevance in antimicrobial responses. We specifically aim to emphasize the ability of various microbial infections to differently influence NK-DC crosstalk thereby contributing to distinct adaptive immune response.
Collapse
|
105
|
Lam VC, Lanier LL. NK cells in host responses to viral infections. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 44:43-51. [PMID: 27984782 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that play an important role in viral clearance. NK cell responses to viral infections were originally believed to be non-specific and lacked immune memory recall responses. It is now appreciated that NK cell responses to viral infections can be specific and in some cases memory recall responses are established. Increasing evidence also illuminates the complexity of NK cell interactions with both innate and adaptive immune cells. Here, we summarize the evidence for NK cell-specific memory responses to viral infections and the intricate reciprocal interactions between NK cells and other immune cells that dictate their activation and effector functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viola C Lam
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Hepatitis B core antigen upregulates B7-H1 on dendritic cells by activating the AKT/ERK/P38 pathway: a possible mechanism of hepatitis B virus persistence. J Transl Med 2016; 96:1156-1164. [PMID: 27617403 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B7-H1 binding to programmed death-1 may deliver a coinhibitory signal to T cells that is involved in the regulation of T-cell activation and tolerance. B7-H1 plays a key role in dysfunction of dendritic cells (DCs) during chronic HBV infection, but the expression mechanism of B7-H1 remains unclear. One hundred and twenty-nine patients with chronic HBV infection were categorized into either the immune tolerance phase (HBV-IT), the immune clearance phase (HBV-IC), or the inactive carrier phase (HBV-IA). Twenty healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. Another 16 patients with HBeAg-positive chronic Hepatitis B were enrolled, and entecavir was administrated at 0.5 mg per day for 6 months. The B7-H1 expression level on peripheral DCs was tested by flow cytometry. In vitro, expression levels of B7-H1 and signaling molecules on monocyte-derived DC (MO-DC) induced by recombinant hepatitis B virus C antigen (rhHBcAg) were examined by RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and western blotting, and the apoptosis rate was tested by flow cytometry. The percentages of peripheral DCs and myeloid DCs (mDCs) were decreased and B7-H1 levels were increased in patients compared with controls. Serum HBV-DNA levels were positively correlated with B7-H1 levels on mDCs in patients with HBV-IT. B7-H1 levels on peripheral DCs from patients with chronic hepatitis B decreased after antiviral therapy. In vitro studies demonstrated that the B7-H1 level on MO-DC was upregulated by rhHBcAg, which resulted from the activation of PI3K-AKT, ERK, and P38 signaling pathways, and the percentage of MO-DC was downregulated by rhHBcAg. In addition, rhHBcAg promoted the apoptosis of MO-DC. The data suggest that HBcAg induced B7-H1 upregulation by activating AKT, ERK, and P38 signaling pathways, which inhibited the clearance of HBV-DNA and the reduction of DCs contributed to immune tolerance, which may correlate with apoptosis.
Collapse
|
107
|
Cheekatla SS, Tripathi D, Venkatasubramanian S, Nathella PK, Paidipally P, Ishibashi M, Welch E, Tvinnereim AR, Ikebe M, Valluri VL, Babu S, Kornfeld H, Vankayalapati R. NK-CD11c+ Cell Crosstalk in Diabetes Enhances IL-6-Mediated Inflammation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005972. [PMID: 27783671 PMCID: PMC5082658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using streptozotocin and nicotinamide and identified factors that increase susceptibility of T2DM mice to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). All Mtb-infected T2DM mice and 40% of uninfected T2DM mice died within 10 months, whereas all control mice survived. In Mtb-infected mice, T2DM increased the bacterial burden and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in the lungs relative to those in uninfected T2DM mice and infected control mice. Levels of IL-6 also increased. Anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody treatment of Mtb-infected acute- and chronic-T2DM mice increased survival (to 100%) and reduced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. CD11c+ cells were the major source of IL-6 in Mtb-infected T2DM mice. Pulmonary natural killer (NK) cells in Mtb-infected T2DM mice further increased IL-6 production by autologous CD11c+ cells through their activating receptors. Anti-NK1.1 antibody treatment of Mtb-infected acute-T2DM mice increased survival and reduced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. Furthermore, IL-6 increased inflammatory cytokine production by T lymphocytes in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with T2DM. Overall, the results suggest that NK-CD11c+ cell interactions increase IL-6 production, which in turn drives the pathological immune response and mortality associated with Mtb infection in diabetic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Swamy Cheekatla
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sambasivan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pavan Kumar Nathella
- National Institutes of Health, International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Munenori Ishibashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elwyn Welch
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amy R. Tvinnereim
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health, International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Hardy Kornfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Maghazachi AA, Sand KL, Al-Jaderi Z. Glatiramer Acetate, Dimethyl Fumarate, and Monomethyl Fumarate Upregulate the Expression of CCR10 on the Surface of Natural Killer Cells and Enhance Their Chemotaxis and Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2016; 7:437. [PMID: 27807435 PMCID: PMC5069502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro harnessing of immune cells is the most important advance in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Results shown in the current paper may be used to harness natural killer (NK) cells in vitro. It is observed that drugs used to treat multiple sclerosis such as glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, and monomethyl fumarate upregulate the expression of chemokines receptor 10 (CCR10) on the surface of human IL-2-activated NK cells. This is corroborated with increased chemotaxis of these cells toward the concentration gradients of the ligands for CCR10, namely CCL27 and CCL28. It is also demonstrated that these three drugs enhance NK cell cytotoxicity against tumor target cells, an activity that is abrogated by prior incubation of the cells with anti-CCR10 antibody. Because CCL27 and CCL28 are secreted by selective tumor types such as malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinomas, and colorectal cancer, respectively, it is hypothesized that activated NK cells may be harnessed in vitro with any of these drugs before utilizing them as a therapeutic modality for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azzam A. Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Zaidoon Al-Jaderi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Pesce S, Moretta L, Moretta A, Marcenaro E. Human NK Cell Subsets Redistribution in Pathological Conditions: A Role for CCR7 Receptor. Front Immunol 2016; 7:414. [PMID: 27774094 PMCID: PMC5053980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immunity has evolved complex molecular mechanisms regulating immune cell migration to facilitate the dynamic cellular interactions required for its function involving the chemokines and their receptors. One important chemokine receptor in the immune system is represented by CCR7. Together with its ligands CCL19 and CCL21, this chemokine receptor controls different arrays of migratory events, both in innate and adaptive immunity, including homing of CD56bright NK cells, T cells, and DCs to lymphoid compartments, where T cell priming occurs. Only recently, a key role for CCR7 in promoting CD56dim NK cell migration toward lymphoid tissues has been described. Remarkably, this event can influence the shaping and polarization of adaptive T cell responses. In this review, we describe recent progress in understanding the mechanisms and the site where CD56dim KIR+ NK cells can acquire the capability to migrate toward lymph nodes. The emerging significance of this event in clinical transplantation is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pesce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Dipartimento di Immunologia, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy; CEBR, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy; CEBR, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Consentius C, Akyüz L, Schmidt-Lucke JA, Tschöpe C, Pinzur L, Ofir R, Reinke P, Volk HD, Juelke K. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Prevent Allostimulation In Vivo and Control Checkpoints of Th1 Priming: Migration of Human DC to Lymph Nodes and NK Cell Activation. Stem Cells 2016; 33:3087-99. [PMID: 26184374 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the immunomodulatory potency of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) is well established, the mechanisms behind are still not clear. The crosstalk between myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and natural killer (NK) cells and especially NK cell-derived interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) play a pivotal role in the development of type 1 helper (Th1) cell immune responses. While many studies explored the isolated impact of MSC on either in vitro generated DC, NK, or T cells, there are only few data available on the complex interplay between these cells. Here, we investigated the impact of MSC on the functionality of human mDC and the consequences for NK cell and Th1 priming in vitro and in vivo. In critical limb ischemia patients, who have been treated with allogeneic placenta-derived mesenchymal-like stromal cells (PLX-PAD), no in vivo priming of Th1 responses toward the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatches could be detected. Further in vitro studies revealed that mDC reprogramming could play a central role for these effects. Following crosstalk with MSC, activated mDC acquired a tolerogenic phenotype characterized by reduced migration toward CCR7 ligand and impaired ability to stimulate NK cell-derived IFN-γ production. These effects, which were strongly related to an altered interleukin (IL)-12/IL-10 production by mDC, were accompanied by an effective prevention of Th1 priming in vivo. Our findings provide novel evidence for the regulation of Th1 priming by MSC via modulation of mDC and NK cell crosstalk and show that off-the-shelf produced MHC-mismatched PLX-PAD can be used in patients without any sign of immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Consentius
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Akyüz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - C Tschöpe
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department for Cardiology, CVK, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Pinzur
- Pluristem Therapeutics, Inc, Haifa, Israel
| | - R Ofir
- Pluristem Therapeutics, Inc, Haifa, Israel
| | - P Reinke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department for Nephrology and Intensive Care, CVK, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - H-D Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Juelke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Diagnostic value of plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in acute lung allograft rejection: differential cytology. Respir Res 2016; 17:74. [PMID: 27323950 PMCID: PMC4915079 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of acute lung allograft rejection is currently based on transbronchial lung biopsies. Additional methods to detect acute allograft dysfunction derived from plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage samples might facilitate diagnosis and ultimately improve allograft survival. This review article gives an overview of the cell profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma samples during acute lung allograft rejection. The value of these cells and changes within the pattern of differential cytology to support the diagnosis of acute lung allograft rejection is discussed. Current findings on the topic are highlighted and trends for future research are identified.
Collapse
|
112
|
Pessina S, Cantini G, Kapetis D, Cazzato E, Di Ianni N, Finocchiaro G, Pellegatta S. The multidrug-resistance transporter Abcc3 protects NK cells from chemotherapy in a murine model of malignant glioma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1108513. [PMID: 27467914 PMCID: PMC4910710 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1108513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abcc3, a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily, plays a role in multidrug resistance. Here, we found that Abcc3 is highly expressed in blood-derived NK cells but not in CD8(+) T cells. In GL261 glioma-bearing mice treated with the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) for 5 d, an early increased frequency of NK cells was observed. We also found that Abcc3 is strongly upregulated and functionally active in NK cells from mice treated with TMZ compared to controls. We demonstrate that Abcc3 is critical for NK cell survival during TMZ administration; more importantly, Akt, involved in lymphocyte survival, is phosphorylated only in NK cells expressing Abcc3. The resistance of NK cells to chemotherapy was accompanied by increased migration and homing in the brain at early time points. Cytotoxicity, evaluated by IFNγ production and specific lytic activity against GL261 cells, increased peripherally in the later phases, after conclusion of TMZ treatment. Intra-tumor increase of the NK effector subset as well as in IFNγ, granzymes and perforin-1 expression, were found early and persisted over time, correlating with a profound modulation on glioma microenvironment induced by TMZ. Our findings reveal an important involvement of Abcc3 in NK cell resistance to chemotherapy and have important clinical implications for patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dimos Kapetis
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico C Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
Tufa DM, Ahmad F, Chatterjee D, Ahrenstorf G, Schmidt RE, Jacobs R. IL-1β limits the extent of human 6-sulfo LacNAc dendritic cell (slanDC)-mediated NK cell activation and regulates CD95-induced apoptosis. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:976-985. [PMID: 27086951 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To function optimally, human blood natural killer (NK) cells need to communicate with other immune cells. Previously, it has been shown that NK cells communicate with 6-sulfo LacNAc dendritic cells (slanDCs), which are able to stimulate NK cells in vitro. In this study, we investigated how slanDCs regulate the level of NK cell activation. The secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β by slanDCs during coculture with NK cells increased as a result of signaling via intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on slanDCs following its interaction with lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 on NK cells. IL-1β induced the expression of Fas receptor (CD95) on NK cells. The binding of Fas ligand (CD178) to CD95 induced the apoptosis of activated NK cells. Moreover, IL-1β also induced increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression in slanDCs, which in turn enabled the cells to secrete prostaglandin (PG)-E2. Consequently, PGE2 acted as a suppressing agent, tuning down the activation level of NK cells. In summary, IL-1β limits the level of NK cell activation by inducing apoptosis and suppression as a homeostatic regulatory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejene Milkessa Tufa
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Debanjana Chatterjee
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerrit Ahrenstorf
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Ernst Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Gagliostro V, Seeger P, Garrafa E, Salvi V, Bresciani R, Bosisio D, Sozzani S. Pro-lymphangiogenic properties of IFN-γ-activated human dendritic cells. Immunol Lett 2016; 173:26-35. [PMID: 26987844 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in the initiation of adaptive immune responses. In addition, through the release of pro- and anti-angiogenic mediators, DCs are key regulators of blood vessel remodeling, a process that characterizes inflammation. Less information is available on the role of DCs in lymphangiogenesis. This study reports that human DCs produce VEGF-C, a cytokine with potent pro-lymphangiogenic activity when stimulated with IFN-γ. DC-derived VEGF-C was biologically active, being able to promote tube-like structure formation in cultures of human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). DCs co-cultured with IL-15-activated NK cells produced high levels of VEGF-C, suggesting a role for NK-DC cross-talk in peripheral lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues in inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis. Induction of VEGF-C by IFN-γ was detected also in other myeloid cells, such as blood-purified CD1c(+) DCs, CD14(+) monocytes and in monocyte-derived macrophages. In all these cell types, VEGF-C was found associated with the cell membrane by low affinity, heparan sulphate-mediated, interactions. Therefore, human DCs should be considered as new players in inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Gagliostro
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pascal Seeger
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emirena Garrafa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bresciani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Humanitas Clinical Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Sobo-Vujanovic A, Vujanovic L, DeLeo AB, Concha-Benavente F, Ferris RL, Lin Y, Vujanovic NL. Inhibition of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:441-51. [PMID: 26896171 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
TNF is a potent promoter of carcinogenesis and potentially important target for cancer prevention. TNF is produced as functionally distinct transmembrane and soluble molecules (tmTNF and sTNF, respectively), but their individual roles in carcinogenesis are unexplored. We investigated the participation of tmTNF and sTNF in chemically induced carcinogenesis in mice. We found that injection of XPro1595, a dominant-negative TNF biologic (DN-TNF) and specific antagonist of sTNF, decreased tumor incidence and growth, and prolonged survival of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)-injected mice. Similar results were obtained following the exclusion of both TNF forms by either TNF-receptor 2-Fc fusion protein (TNFR2-Fc) treatment or TNF gene deletion. In addition, gene deletion of TNFR1, which is preferentially triggered by sTNF, was temporarily blocked, whereas gene deletion of TNFR2, which is preferentially triggered by tmTNF, enhanced MCA-induced carcinogenesis. Concomitantly with carcinogenesis induction, MCA increased circulating IL1α, accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), STAT3 phosphorylation, and immunosuppression in the spleen. In sharp contrast, DN-TNF treatment dramatically decreased IL1α and increased the essential immunoregulatory cytokines IL1β, IL12p70, and IL17 in the peripheral blood of MCA-injected mice. In addition, MDSC accumulation, STAT3 phosphorylation, and immunosuppression in MCA-injected mice were prevented by DN-TNF treatment, TNFR2-Fc treatment, and/or gene deletion of TNF or TNFR1, but not deletion of TNFR2. These findings reveal that sTNF is both an essential promoter of carcinogenesis and a pivotal regulator of MDSCs, and indicate that sTNF could be a significant target for cancer prevention and therapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(5); 441-51. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lazar Vujanovic
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Albert B DeLeo
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fernando Concha-Benavente
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert L Ferris
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Lin
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nikola L Vujanovic
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
HMGB1 Is Involved in IFN-α Production and TRAIL Expression by HIV-1-Exposed Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: Impact of the Crosstalk with NK Cells. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005407. [PMID: 26871575 PMCID: PMC4752468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are innate sensors of viral infections and important mediators of antiviral innate immunity through their ability to produce large amounts of IFN-α. Moreover, Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and 9 (TLR9) ligands, such as HIV and CpG respectively, turn pDCs into TRAIL-expressing killer pDCs able to lyse HIV-infected CD4+ T cells. NK cells can regulate antiviral immunity by modulating pDC functions, and pDC production of IFN-α as well as cell–cell contact is required to promote NK cell functions. Impaired pDC-NK cell crosstalk was reported in the setting of HIV-1 infection, but the impact of HIV-1 on TRAIL expression and innate antiviral immunity during this crosstalk is unknown. Here, we report that low concentrations of CCR5-tropic HIV-1Ba-L promote the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-α, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-12, and CCR5-interacting chemokines (MIP-1α and MIP-1β) in NK-pDCs co-cultures. At high HIV-1BaL concentrations, the addition of NK cells did not promote the release of these mediators, suggesting that once efficiently triggered by the virus, pDCs could not integrate new activating signals delivered by NK cells. However, high HIV-1BaL concentrations were required to trigger IFN-α-mediated TRAIL expression at the surface of both pDCs and NK cells during their crosstalk. Interestingly, we identified the alarmin HMGB1, released at pDC-NK cell synapse, as an essential trigger for the secretion of IFN-α and IFN-related soluble mediators during the interplay of HIV-1 exposed pDCs with NK cells. Moreover, HMGB1 was found crucial for mTRAIL translocation to the plasma membrane of both pDCs and NK cells during their crosstalk following pDC exposure to HIV-1. Data from serum analyses of circulating HMGB1, HMGB1-specific antibodies, sTRAIL and IP-10 in a cohort of 67 HIV-1+ patients argue for the in vivo relevance of these observations. Altogether, these findings identify HMGB1 as a trigger for IFN-α-mediated TRAIL expression at the surface of pDCs and NK cells, and they suggest a novel mechanism of innate control of HIV-1 infection. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the most potent IFN-α-producing cells and serve as an essential link between innate and adaptive immunity. Exposure of pDCs to HIV-1 triggers IFN-α production, which in turn upregulates TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), turning pDCs into killer pDCs, able to kill infected CD4+ T cells. At sites of infection, pDCs might activate or get activated by Natural killer (NK) cells, and pDC-NK cell-cell contact is required to promote the cytolytic potential of NK cells. Functional defects in the pDC and NK cell compartments were reported in the setting of HIV-1 infection, but the precise mechanisms by which HIV impairs NK cell and pDC crosstalk remain to be fully elucidated. To address this question, we developed an ex-vivo model of NK-pDC interaction, based on a short-term contact between sorted peripheral NK cells and purified pDCs exposed to HIV-1BaL. We found that the concentration of HIV-1 is critical to sustain the functional activation of both pDCs and NK cells. Moreover, we identified the alarmin HMGB1 as an essential trigger for the secretion of IFN-α and IFN-related soluble mediators during the interplay of HIV-1-exposed pDCs and NK cells. HMGB1 was also found crucial for HIV-1-induced translocation of TRAIL on both pDC and NK cell membrane. The in vivo relevance of the interdependency between HMGB1, IFN- and TRAIL is suggested by the strong positive correlations between circulating levels of these mediators in a cohort of 67 HIV-1 infected patients. Altogether these findings highlight a new function for HMGB1 and they suggest a novel mechanism of innate control of HIV infection.
Collapse
|
117
|
Cifaldi L, Prencipe G, Caiello I, Bracaglia C, Locatelli F, De Benedetti F, Strippoli R. Inhibition of natural killer cell cytotoxicity by interleukin-6: implications for the pathogenesis of macrophage activation syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 67:3037-46. [PMID: 26251193 DOI: 10.1002/art.39295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is associated with high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum and synovial fluid, and impairment of natural killer (NK) cell function is often observed. This study was undertaken to evaluate a possible link between these 2 biologic findings and whether they may be associated with the development of macrophage activation syndrome, a condition frequently observed in systemic JIA. METHODS Splenocytes from wild-type (WT) or IL-6-transgenic (Tg) mice were evaluated for NK cell cytotoxicity using a (51) Cr-release assay. Numbers of NK cells and expression of perforin, granzyme B, CD69, and CD107a were evaluated by flow cytometry. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy donors were treated with IL-6 and cultured in the presence or absence of tocilizumab (TCZ), an IL-6 receptor blocker. Human polyclonal NK cells from healthy donor PBMCs were evaluated for cell cytotoxicity and expression of perforin, granzyme B, and CD107a. PBMCs harvested from patients with systemic JIA during periods of active or inactive disease were left untreated or treated with IL-6 in combination with soluble IL-6 receptor and analyzed for the expression of perforin and granzyme B. RESULTS Splenic NK cell cytotoxicity was reduced in IL-6-Tg mice compared to WT mice. Levels of CD69 and CD107a showed no significant differences, whereas expression of perforin and granzyme B was impaired in NK cells from IL-6-Tg mice. Exposure of human peripheral blood NK cells to IL-6 led to reduced expression of perforin and granzyme B. Culturing human polyclonal NK cells in the presence of TCZ significantly increased cell cytotoxicity, and also increased expression of perforin and granzyme B. In patients with systemic JIA, a reduction in IL-6 plasma levels during disease remission correlated with the rescue of perforin and granzyme B expression in NK cells from these patients. CONCLUSION In both mice and humans, IL-6 down-modulated the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. This decrease was associated with reduced perforin and granzyme B levels in the absence of altered granule exocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Caiello
- IRCCS Bambino Gesú Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Franco Locatelli
- IRCCS Bambino Gesú Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Strippoli
- IRCCS Bambino Gesú Children's Hospital and Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Mica Nanoparticle, STB-HO Eliminates the Human Breast Carcinoma Cells by Regulating the Interaction of Tumor with its Immune Microenvironment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17515. [PMID: 26631982 PMCID: PMC4668362 DOI: 10.1038/srep17515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mica, an aluminosilicate mineral, has been proven to possess anti-tumor and immunostimulatory effects. However, its efficacy and mechanisms in treating various types of tumor are less verified and the mechanistic link between anti-tumor and immunostimulatory effects has not been elucidated. We sought to investigate the therapeutic effect of STB-HO (mica nanoparticles) against one of the most prevalent cancers, the breast cancer. STB-HO was orally administered into MCF-7 xenograft model or directly added to culture media and tumor growth was monitored. STB-HO administration exhibited significant suppressive effects on the growth of MCF-7 cells in vivo, whereas STB-HO did not affect the proliferation and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in vitro. To address this discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro results, we investigated the effects of STB-HO treatment on the interaction of MCF-7 cells with macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells, which constitute the cellular composition of tumor microenvironment. Importantly, STB-HO not only increased the susceptibility of MCF-7 cells to immune cells, but also stimulated the immunocytes to eliminate cancer cells. In conclusion, our study highlights the possible role of STB-HO in the suppression of MCF-7 cell growth via the regulation of interactions between tumor cells and anti-tumor immune cells.
Collapse
|
119
|
Salimi M, Xue L, Jolin H, Hardman C, Cousins DJ, McKenzie ANJ, Ogg GS. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Express Functional NKp30 Receptor Inducing Type 2 Cytokine Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:45-54. [PMID: 26582946 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are important in effector functions for eliciting allergic inflammation, parasite defense, epithelial repair, and lipid homeostasis. ILC2 lack rearranged Ag-specific receptors, and although many soluble factors such as cytokines and lipid mediators can influence ILC2, direct interaction of these cells with the microenvironment and other cells has been less explored. Natural cytotoxicity receptors are expressed by subsets of group 1 ILC and group 3 ILC and thought to be important for their effector function, but they have not been shown to be expressed by ILC2. Therefore, we sought to investigate the expression and functional properties of the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp30 on human ILC2. A subset of ex vivo and cultured ILC2 express NKp30 that upon interaction with its cognate activatory ligand B7-H6 induces rapid production of type 2 cytokines. This interaction can be blocked by NKp30 blocking Ab and an inhibitory ligand, galectin-3. Higher expression of B7-H6 was observed in lesional skin biopsies of patients with atopic dermatitis, and incubation of keratinocytes with proinflammatory and type 2 cytokines upregulated B7-H6, leading to increased ILC2 cytokine production. NKp30-B7-H6 interaction is a novel cell contact mechanism that mediates activation of ILC2 and identifies a potential target for the development of novel therapeutics for atopic dermatitis and other atopic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salimi
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Luzheng Xue
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Jolin
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Hardman
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - David J Cousins
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom; and Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Al-Jaderi Z, Maghazachi AA. Vitamin D₃ and monomethyl fumarate enhance natural killer cell lysis of dendritic cells and ameliorate the clinical score in mice suffering from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4730-44. [PMID: 26580651 PMCID: PMC4663530 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7114730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a CD4+ T cell mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease that is induced in mice by administration of peptides derived from myelin proteins. We developed EAE in SJL mice by administration of PLP139–151 peptide. The effect of treating these mice with 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3), or with monomethyl fumarate (MMF) was then examined. We observed that both vitamin D3 and MMF inhibited and/or prevented EAE in these mice. These findings were corroborated with isolating natural killer (NK) cells from vitamin D3-treated or MMF-treated EAE mice that lysed immature or mature dendritic cells. The results support and extend other findings indicating that an important mechanism of action for drugs used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) is to enhance NK cell lysis of dendritic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaidoon Al-Jaderi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1103, Oslo N-0317, Norway.
| | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Gismondi A, Stabile H, Nisti P, Santoni A. Effector Functions of Natural Killer Cell Subsets in the Control of Hematological Malignancies. Front Immunol 2015; 6:567. [PMID: 26594216 PMCID: PMC4633523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of hematological malignant disorders has been improved over the last years, but high relapse rate mainly attributable to the presence of minimal residual disease still persists. Therefore, it is of great interest to explore novel therapeutic strategies to obtain long-term remission. Immune effector cells, and especially natural killer (NK) cells, play a crucial role in the control of hematological malignancies. In this regard, the efficiency of allogeneic stem cell transplantation clearly depends on the immune-mediated graft versus leukemia effect without the risk of inducing graft versus host disease. Alloreactive donor NK cells generated following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ameliorate the outcome of leukemia patients; in addition, in vivo transfer of in vitro expanded NK cells represents a crucial tool for leukemia treatment. To improve NK cell effector functions against resistant leukemia cells, novel immunotherapeutic strategies are oriented to the identification, isolation, expansion, and administration of particular NK cell subsets endowed with multifunctional anti-tumor potential and tropism toward tumor sites. Moreover, the relationship between the emergence and persistence of distinct NK cell subsets during post-graft reconstitution and the maintenance of a remission state is still rather unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy ; Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Paolo Nisti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy ; Italian Institute of Technology , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Kiraz Y, Baran Y, Nalbant A. T cells in tumor microenvironment. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:39-45. [PMID: 26476540 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors progress in a specific area, which supports its development, spreading or shrinking in time with the presence of different factors that effect the fate of the cancer cells. This specialized site is called "tumor microenvironment" and has a composition of heterogenous materials. The immune cells are also residents of this stromal, cancerous, and inflammatory environment, and their types, densities, or functional differences are one of the key factors that mediate the fate of a tumor. T cells as a vital part of the immune system also are a component of tumor microenvironment, and their roles have been elucidated in many studies. In this review, we focused on the immune system components by focusing on T cells and detailed T helper cell subsets in tumor microenvironment and how their behaviors affect either the tumor or the patient's outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yağmur Kiraz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Molecular Immunology and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, İzmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Baran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Molecular Immunology and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, İzmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayten Nalbant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Molecular Immunology and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, İzmir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Abstract
Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), the initial site of regional metastases, directly receive lymph containing immune-modulatory cytokines and tumor cells from primary melanomas. Immune-suppressed SLNs are ideal for studies of tissue susceptibility to metastases. They show reduced antigen-presenting dendritic cells, activated T cells, high endothelial venules, and transvenular immigration of T cells. Tumor-induced immune suppression contributes to establishment of nodal metastases. SLNs may serve as an effective model to study reversal of tumor-induced immune suppression. We reviewed this topic in Nature Reviews of Immunology in 2006. We here summarize the Nature paper and provide additional results from ongoing studies and the recent literature.
Collapse
|
124
|
Moreno-Nieves UY, Didier C, Lévy Y, Barré-Sinoussi F, Scott-Algara D. S100A9 Tetramers, Which are Ligands of CD85j, Increase the Ability of MVAHIV-Primed NK Cells to Control HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2015; 6:478. [PMID: 26441983 PMCID: PMC4585218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the major antiviral effector population of the innate immune system. We previously found that S100A9 is a novel ligand of the receptor CD85j and that S100A9 tetramers enhance the anti-HIV activity of NK cells. Also, we found that dendritic cells (DCs) infected by the HIV vaccine candidate, MVAHIV, prime NK cells to specifically control HIV infection in autologous CD4(+) T cells. In this study, we analyzed whether stimulation of NK cells by S100A9 tetramers prior to the priming by MVAHIV-infected DCs modulates the subsequent anti-HIV activity of NK cells. We found that S100A9 tetramers activate NK cells and that DCs enhance the anti-HIV activity of NK cells. Interestingly, we observed that stimulation of NK cells by S100A9 tetramers, prior to the priming, significantly increased the subsequent anti-HIV activity of NK cells and that the enhanced anti-HIV activity was observed following different conditions of priming, including the MVAHIV-priming. As S100A9 tetramers alone directly increase the anti-HIV activity of NK cells and as this increased anti-HIV activity is also observed following the interaction of NK cells with MVAHIV-infected DCs, we propose S100A9 tetramers as potential adjuvants to stimulate the anti-HIV activity of NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Y Moreno-Nieves
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Céline Didier
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Yves Lévy
- INSERM U955, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Immunologie Clinique , Creteil , France
| | - Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Daniel Scott-Algara
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | | |
Collapse
|
125
|
Chong WP, van Panhuys N, Chen J, Silver PB, Jittayasothorn Y, Mattapallil MJ, Germain RN, Caspi RR. NK-DC crosstalk controls the autopathogenic Th17 response through an innate IFN-γ-IL-27 axis. J Exp Med 2015; 212:1739-52. [PMID: 26347474 PMCID: PMC4577839 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ is a pathogenic cytokine involved in inflammation. Paradoxically, its deficiency exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, uveitis, and arthritis. Here, we demonstrate using IFN-γ(-/-) mice repleted with IFN-γ +/+: NK cells that innate production of IFN-γ from NK cells is necessary and sufficient to trigger an endogenous regulatory circuit that limits autoimmunity. After immunization, DCs recruited IFN-γ-producing NK cells to the draining lymph node and interacted with them in a CXCR3-dependent fashion. The interaction caused DCs to produce IL-27, which in turn enhanced IFN-γ production by NK cells, forming a self-amplifying positive feedback loop. IL-10, produced by the interacting cells themselves, was able to limit this process. The NK-DC-dependent IL-27 inhibited development of the adaptive pathogenic IL-17 response and induced IL-10-producing Tr1-like cells, which ameliorated disease in an IL-10-dependent manner. Our data reveal that an early NK-DC interaction controls the adaptive Th17 response and limits tissue-specific autoimmunity through an innate IFN-γ-IL-27 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Po Chong
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nicholas van Panhuys
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Phyllis B Silver
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yingyos Jittayasothorn
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mary J Mattapallil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Kaufman GN, Massoud AH, Dembele M, Yona M, Piccirillo CA, Mazer BD. Induction of Regulatory T Cells by Intravenous Immunoglobulin: A Bridge between Adaptive and Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:469. [PMID: 26441974 PMCID: PMC4566032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a polyclonal immunoglobulin G preparation with potent immunomodulatory properties. The mode of action of IVIg has been investigated in multiple disease states, with various mechanisms described to account for its benefits. Recent data indicate that IVIg increases both the number and the suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells, a subpopulation of T cells that are essential for immune homeostasis. IVIg alters dendritic cell function, cytokine and chemokine networks, and T lymphocytes, leading to development of regulatory T cells. The ability of IVIg to influence Treg induction has been shown both in animal models and in human diseases. In this review, we discuss data on the potential mechanisms contributing to the interaction between IVIg and the regulatory T-cell compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel N Kaufman
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Amir H Massoud
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Marieme Dembele
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Madelaine Yona
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Bruce D Mazer
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Hudspeth K, Donadon M, Cimino M, Pontarini E, Tentorio P, Preti M, Hong M, Bertoletti A, Bicciato S, Invernizzi P, Lugli E, Torzilli G, Gershwin ME, Mavilio D. Human liver-resident CD56(bright)/CD16(neg) NK cells are retained within hepatic sinusoids via the engagement of CCR5 and CXCR6 pathways. J Autoimmun 2015; 66:40-50. [PMID: 26330348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The liver-specific natural killer (NK) cell population is critical for local innate immune responses, but the mechanisms that lead to their selective homing and the definition of their functionally relevance remain enigmatic. OBJECTIVES We took advantage of the availability of healthy human liver to rigorously define the mechanisms regulating the homing of NK cells to liver and the repertoire of receptors that distinguish liver-resident NK (lr-NK) cells from circulating counterparts. FINDINGS Nearly 50% of the entire liver NK cell population is composed of functionally relevant CD56(bright) lr-NK cells that localize within hepatic sinusoids. CD56(bright) lr-NK cells express CD69, CCR5 and CXCR6 and this unique repertoire of chemokine receptors is functionally critical as it determines selective migration in response to the chemotactic stimuli exerted by CCL3, CCL5 and CXCL16. Here, we also show that hepatic sinusoids express CCL3(pos) Kupffer cells, CXCL16(pos) endothelial cells and CCL5(pos) T and NK lymphocytes. The selective presence of these chemokines in sinusoidal spaces creates a unique tissue niche for lr-CD56(bright) NK cells that constitutively express CCR5 and CXCR6. CD56(bright) lr-NK cells co-exist with CD56(dim) conventional NK (c-NK) cells that are, interestingly, transcriptionally and phenotypically similar to their peripheral circulating counterparts. Indeed, CD56(dim) c-NK cells lack expression of CD69, CCR5, and CXCR6 but express selectins, integrins and CX3CR1. CONCLUSION Our findings disclosing the phenotypic and functional differences between lr-Nk cells and c-NK cells are critical to distinguish liver-specific innate immune responses. Hence, any therapeutic attempts at modifying the large population of CD56(bright) lr-NK cells will require modification of hepatic CCR5 and CXCR6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hudspeth
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Donadon
- Department of Hepatobiliary & General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cimino
- Department of Hepatobiliary & General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Pontarini
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Tentorio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Max Preti
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Michelle Hong
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency of Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR), 169587, Singapore
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency of Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR), 169587, Singapore
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Liver Unit and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Guido Torzilli
- Department of Hepatobiliary & General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Mattiola I, Pesant M, Tentorio PF, Molgora M, Marcenaro E, Lugli E, Locati M, Mavilio D. Priming of Human Resting NK Cells by Autologous M1 Macrophages via the Engagement of IL-1β, IFN-β, and IL-15 Pathways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2818-28. [PMID: 26276870 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cross talk between NK cells and macrophages is emerging as a major line of defense against microbial infections and tumors. This study reveals a complex network of soluble mediators and cell-to-cell interactions allowing human classically activated (M1) macrophages, but not resting (M0) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, to prime resting autologous NK cells. In this article, we show that M1 increase NK cell cytotoxicity by IL-23 and IFN-β-dependent upregulation of NKG2D, IL-1β-dependent upregulation of NKp44, and trans-presentation of IL-15. Moreover, both IFN-β-dependent cis-presentation of IL-15 on NK cells and engagement of the 2B4-CD48 pathway are used by M1 to trigger NK cell production of IFN-γ. The disclosure of these synergic cellular mechanisms regulating the M1-NK cell cross talk provides novel insights to better understand the role of innate immune responses in the physiopathology of tumor biology and microbial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mattiola
- Leukocyte Biology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Matthieu Pesant
- Leukocyte Biology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo F Tentorio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Molgora
- Leukocyte Biology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale and Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Leukocyte Biology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Abstract
Cytokines are intercellular mediators involved in viral control and liver damage being induced by infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The complex cytokine network operating during initial infection allows a coordinated, effective development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, HCV interferes with cytokines at various levels and escapes immune response by inducing a T-helper (Th)2/T cytotoxic 2 cytokine profile. Inability to control infection leads to the recruitment of inflammatory infiltrates into the liver parenchyma by interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)9, -10, and -11 chemokines, which results in sustained liver damage and eventually in liver cirrhosis. The most important systemic HCV-related extrahepatic diseases-mixed cryoglobulinemia, lymphoproliferative disorders, thyroid autoimmune disorders, and type 2 diabetes-are associated with a complex dysregulation of the cytokine/chemokine network, involving proinflammatory and Th1 chemokines. The therapeutical administration of cytokines such as IFN-α may result in viral clearance during persistent infection and revert this process. Theoretically agents that selectively neutralize CXCL10 could increase patient responsiveness to traditional IFN-based HCV therapy. Several studies have reported IL-28B polymorphisms and circulating CXCL10 may be a prognostic markers for HCV treatment efficacy in HCV genotype 1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Spallanzani RG, Torres NI, Avila DE, Ziblat A, Iraolagoitia XLR, Rossi LE, Domaica CI, Fuertes MB, Rabinovich GA, Zwirner NW. Regulatory Dendritic Cells Restrain NK Cell IFN-γ Production through Mechanisms Involving NKp46, IL-10, and MHC Class I–Specific Inhibitory Receptors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2141-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
131
|
Abstract
Asthma is an immune-mediated disease of the airways characterized by reversible airway obstruction, bronchial eosinophilic inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The immune dysregulation in asthma has been attributed to the involvement of diverse immune cells that contribute to the immunopathology of the disease. Natural killer (NK) cells play critical roles in host defense against viruses and various cancers. Accumulating evidence demonstrates additional important roles for these cells in T cell priming, dendritic cell maturation, and the development of inflammation, all of which have the potential to enhance or dampen allergic responses. The ability of NK cells to produce Th2-type cytokines and their pivotal role in combating respiratory infections which cause airway dysfunction in asthmatics further suggest that they may directly contribute to the immunopathogenesis of allergic airway disease. In this review, we examine emerging evidence and discuss the putative roles of NK cells in the sensitization, progression, and resolution of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton B Mathias
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, 01119, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Oth T, Van Elssen CHMJ, Schnijderberg MCA, Senden-Gijsbers BLMG, Germeraad WTV, Bos GMJ, Vanderlocht J. Potency of Both Human Th1 and NK Helper Cell Activation is Determined by IL-12p70-Producing PAMP-Matured DCs. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:748-58. [PMID: 26134473 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides T helper (Th) cells, natural killer (NK) cells have also been described to participate in the shaping of dendritic cell (DC)-mediated adaptive immune responses. At present, it remains unclear to what extent the induction of these NK helper cell immune mechanisms is coupled with Th responses and whether both helper immune responses are induced by the same DC upon specific pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) stimulation. In this study, we demonstrate that maturation of DCs with a cocktail containing FMKp (membrane fragments of Klebsiella pneumoniae) mounts both Th cell and NK cell helper responses in a PRR-triggered dose-dependent manner as determined by the capacity of the helper cells to produce IFN-γ. Furthermore, by triggering an additional PRR pathway [FMKp in combination with poly(I:C) lyovec], we reveal that both approaches modulate the amount of DC-derived IL-12p70 and that this cytokine is the key determinant of the DC-induced Th1 and NK cell helper responses. Moreover, all PRR triggers able to induce IL-12-producing mature DCs are sufficient to induce these helper responses. We propose the existence of a single program used by DCs to induce potent cellular immune responses by stimulating both T helper and NK cell helper processes. This knowledge can help to select the proper PRR triggers in preventive and therapeutic vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Oth
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina H M J Van Elssen
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie C A Schnijderberg
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit L M G Senden-Gijsbers
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred T V Germeraad
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard M J Bos
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Vanderlocht
- 2 Tissue Typing Laboratory, Department of Transplantation Immunology, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Riise RE, Bernson E, Aurelius J, Martner A, Pesce S, Della Chiesa M, Marcenaro E, Bylund J, Hellstrand K, Moretta L, Moretta A, Thorén FB. TLR-Stimulated Neutrophils Instruct NK Cells To Trigger Dendritic Cell Maturation and Promote Adaptive T Cell Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1121-8. [PMID: 26085684 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are innate effector cells with pivotal roles in pathogen recognition, phagocytosis, and eradication. However, their role in the development of subsequent immune responses is incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify mechanisms of relevance to the cross talk between human neutrophils and NK cells and its potential role in promoting adaptive immunity. TLR-stimulated PMNs were found to release soluble mediators to attract and activate NK cells in vitro. PMN-conditioned NK cells displayed enhanced cytotoxicity and cytokine production, and responded vigorously to ensuing stimulation with exogenous and endogenous IL-12. The neutrophil-induced activation of NK cells was prevented by caspase-1 inhibitors and by natural antagonists to IL-1 and IL-18, suggesting a role for the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome. In addition, PMN-conditioned NK cells triggered the maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells, which promoted T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. These data imply that neutrophils attract NK cells to sites of infection to convert these cells into an active state, which drives adaptive immune responses via maturation of dendritic cells. Our results add to a growing body of evidence that suggests a sophisticated role for neutrophils in orchestrating the immune response to pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Riise
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin Bernson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Aurelius
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Martner
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silvia Pesce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | | | | | - Alessandro Moretta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fredrik B Thorén
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Bhome R, Bullock MD, Al Saihati HA, Goh RW, Primrose JN, Sayan AE, Mirnezami AH. A top-down view of the tumor microenvironment: structure, cells and signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:33. [PMID: 26075202 PMCID: PMC4448519 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to cancer progression. Stromal cells can be divided into mesenchymal, vascular, and immune. Signaling molecules secreted by the tumor corrupts these cells to create "activated" stroma. Equally, the extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to tumor development and invasion by forming a biologically active scaffold. In this review we describe the key structural, cellular and signaling components of the TME with a perspective on stromal soluble factors and microRNAs (miRNAs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhome
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
- University Surgery, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, UK
| | - Marc D. Bullock
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Hajir A. Al Saihati
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - Rebecca W. Goh
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - John N. Primrose
- University Surgery, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, UK
| | - A. Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - Alex H. Mirnezami
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
- University Surgery, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Heiberg IL, Pallett LJ, Winther TN, Høgh B, Maini MK, Peppa D. Defective natural killer cell anti-viral capacity in paediatric HBV infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:466-76. [PMID: 25311087 PMCID: PMC4337679 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit dysregulated effector function in adult chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB), which may contribute to virus persistence. The role of NK cells in children infected perinatally with HBV is less studied. Access to a unique cohort enabled the cross-sectional evaluation of NK cell frequency, phenotype and function in HBV-infected children relative to uninfected children. We observed a selective defect in NK cell interferon (IFN)-γ production, with conserved cytolytic function, mirroring the functional dichotomy observed in adult infection. Reduced expression of NKp30 on NK cells suggests a role of impaired NK-dendritic cell (DC) cellular interactions as a potential mechanism leading to reduced IFN-γ production. The finding that NK cells are already defective in paediatric CHB, albeit less extensively than in adult CHB, has potential implications for the timing of anti-viral therapy aiming to restore immune control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I L Heiberg
- Department of Paediatrics, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
Frederico B, Chao B, Lawler C, May JS, Stevenson PG. Subcapsular sinus macrophages limit acute gammaherpesvirus dissemination. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2314-2327. [PMID: 25872742 PMCID: PMC4681069 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte proliferation, mobility and longevity make them prime targets for virus infection. Myeloid cells that process and present environmental antigens to lymphocytes are consequently an important line of defence. Subcapsular sinus macrophages (SSMs) filter the afferent lymph and communicate with B-cells. How they interact with B-cell-tropic viruses is unknown. We analysed their encounter with murid herpesvirus-4 (MuHV-4), an experimentally accessible gammaherpesvirus related to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. MuHV-4 disseminated via lymph nodes, and intranasally or subcutaneously inoculated virions readily infected SSMs. However, this infection was poorly productive. SSM depletion with clodronate-loaded liposomes or with diphtheria toxin in CD169–diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice increased B-cell infection and hastened virus spread to the spleen. Dendritic cells provided the main route to B-cells, and SSMs slowed host colonization, apparently by absorbing virions non-productively from the afferent lymph.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frederico
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brittany Chao
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clara Lawler
- Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Clinical Medical Virology Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Royal Children's Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janet S May
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip G Stevenson
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Clinical Medical Virology Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Royal Children's Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Pampena MB, Levy EM. Natural killer cells as helper cells in dendritic cell cancer vaccines. Front Immunol 2015; 6:13. [PMID: 25674087 PMCID: PMC4309200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy has generated highly variable clinical results due to differing methods of vaccine preparation and variation in patient populations among other lesser factors. Moreover, these clinical responses do not necessarily correspond with the induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes. Here, we review the participation of natural killer (NK) cells as alternative immune components that could cooperate in successful vaccination treatment. NK cells have been described as helper cells in dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines, but the role in other kinds of vaccination strategies (whole cells, peptide, or DNA-based vaccines) is poorly understood. In this article, we address the following issues regarding the role of NK cells in cancer vaccines: NK cell anti-tumor action sites, and the loci of NK cell interaction with other immune cells; descriptions of new data on the memory characteristics of NK cells described in infectious diseases; and finally phenotypical and functional changes after vaccination measured by immunomonitoring in preclinical and clinical settings.
Collapse
|
138
|
Gavioli EC, de Medeiros IU, Monteiro MC, Calo G, Romão PRT. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ-NOP receptor system in inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015; 97:241-66. [PMID: 25677775 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is the endogenous ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor NOP. Cells from the immune system express the precursor preproN/OFQ and the NOP receptor, as well as secrete N/OFQ. The activation of the N/OFQ-NOP pathway can regulate inflammatory and immune responses. Several immune activities, including leukocyte migration, cytokine and chemokine production, and lymphocytes proliferation are influenced by NOP activation. It was demonstrated that cytokines and other stimuli such as Toll-like receptor agonist (e.g., lipopolysaccharide) induce N/OFQ production by cells from innate and adaptive immune response. In this context, N/OFQ could modulate the outcome of inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis and immune-mediated pathologies by mechanisms not clearly elucidated. In fact, clinical studies revealed increased levels of N/OFQ under sepsis, arthritis, and Parkinson's disease. Preclinical and clinical studies pointed to the blockade of NOP receptor signaling as successful strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. This review is focused on experimental and clinical data that suggest the participation of N/OFQ-NOP receptor activation in the modulation of the immune response, highlighting the immunomodulatory potential of NOP antagonists in the inflammatory and immunological disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Gavioli
- Department of Biophysic and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Iris Ucella de Medeiros
- Department of Biophysic and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Marta C Monteiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Girolamo Calo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are effector cells of the innate immune system that can lyse target cells without prior sensitization and have an important role in host defense to pathogens and transformed cells. A balance between negative and positive signals transmitted via germ line-encoded inhibitory and activating receptors controls the function of NK cells. Although the concept of "missing-self" would suggest that NK cells could target foreign allografts, the prevailing dogma has been that NK cells are not active participants in the mechanisms that culminate in the rejection of solid organ allografts. Recent studies, however, challenge this conclusion and instead implicate NK cells in contributing to both graft rejection and tolerance to an allograft. In this review, we highlight recent studies with the goal of understanding the complex NK cell interactions that impact alloimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uzi Hadad
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery and Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
Mathias CB, Guernsey LA, Zammit D, Brammer C, Wu CA, Thrall RS, Aguila HL. Pro-inflammatory role of natural killer cells in the development of allergic airway disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:589-601. [PMID: 24397722 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural Killer (NK) cells have been implicated in the development of allergic airway inflammation. However, the in vivo role of NK cells has not been firmly established due to the lack of animal models with selective deficiencies in NK cells. OBJECTIVE To determine the specific contribution of NK cells in a murine model of allergic airway disease (AAD). METHODS The role of NK cells in AAD was studied using NK-deficient (NKD) mice, perforin(-/-) mice, and mice depleted of Ly49A/D/G(+) NK cell subsets in an ovalbumin-induced model of allergic airway disease (OVA-AAD). RESULTS Induction of OVA-AAD in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice resulted in the expansion of airway NK cells and the development of pronounced airway eosinophilia. In the absence of NK cells or specific subsets of NK cells, either in NKD mice, or after the depletion of Ly49A/D/G(+) NK cells, the development of OVA-AAD was significantly impaired as seen by decreased airway inflammation and eosinophilia, decreased secretion of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and diminished OVA-specific antibody production. Furthermore, while OVA-exposure induced a dramatic expansion of dendritic cells (DCs) in WT mice, their induction was significantly attenuated in NKD mice. Development of OVA-AAD in perforin(-/-) mice suggested that the proinflammatory role of NK cells is not dependent on perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. Lastly, induction of allergic disease by OVA-specific CD4 T cells from WT but not NK-depleted or NKD mice in RAG(-/-) recipients, demonstrates that NK cells are essential for T cell priming. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data demonstrate that conventional NK cells play an important and distinct role in the development of AAD. The presence of activated NK cells has been noted in patients with asthma. Understanding the mechanisms by which NK cells regulate allergic disease is therefore an important component of treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Mathias
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Ghochikyan A, Pichugin A, Bagaev A, Davtyan A, Hovakimyan A, Tukhvatulin A, Davtyan H, Shcheblyakov D, Logunov D, Chulkina M, Savilova A, Trofimov D, Nelson EL, Agadjanyan MG, Ataullakhanov RI. Targeting TLR-4 with a novel pharmaceutical grade plant derived agonist, Immunomax®, as a therapeutic strategy for metastatic breast cancer. J Transl Med 2014; 12:322. [PMID: 25432242 PMCID: PMC4261251 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously we demonstrated that the resection of primary 4T1 tumors only slightly prolongs mouse survival, but importantly, creates a "window of opportunity" with attenuated suppressor cell and increased activated T cell populations. This suggests that additional activation of the immune system by immunostimulatory agents during this period may enhance anti-tumor immunity and potentially eradicate micro-metastatic disease in this stringent model. We hypothesized that the immunostimulator Immunomax®, which is comprised of a plant-derived polysaccharide, is non-toxic in humans and stimulates immune defense during the infectious diseases treatment, may have also anti-tumor activity and be beneficial in the adjuvant setting when endogenous anti-tumor responses are present and during the "window of opportunity" in post-resection metastatic breast cancer model. Here we provide the initial report that Immunomax® demonstrates the capacity to eliminate micro-metastatic disease in the post-resection, 4T1 mouse model of breast cancer. METHODS The efficacy of Immunomax® was evaluated by analyzing survival rate and the number of spontaneous clonogenic tumor cells in the lung homogenates of mice. The frequencies of activated NK, CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells as well as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and Treg cells were evaluated using flow cytometry. Highly purified mouse and human dendritic and NK cells were sorted and the effect of Immunomax® on activation status of these cells was assessed by flow cytometry. The property of Immunomax® as TLR-4 agonist was determined by NF-κB/SEAP reporter gene assay, WB, RT-PCR. RESULTS Immunomax® injections significantly prolonged overall survival and cured 31% of mice. This immunostimulator activates DCs via the TLR-4, which in turn stimulates tumoricidal NK cells and in vitro, completely inhibits growth of 4T1 cells. Incubation of PBMC from healthy donors with Immunomax® activates NK cells via activation of plasmacytoid DC leading significantly higher efficacy in killing of human NK-target cells K562 compared with non-treated cells. CONCLUSION This is the first demonstration that Immunomax® is a TLR-4 agonist and the first report of a documented role for this pharmaceutical grade immunostimulator in augmenting anti-tumor activity, suggesting that incorporation of Immunomax® into developing breast cancer therapeutic strategies may be beneficial and with less potential toxicity than checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahit Ghochikyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 16371 Gothard Street, Suite H, Huntington Beach, CA, 92647, USA.
| | - Alexey Pichugin
- The Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
| | - Alexander Bagaev
- The Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
| | - Arpine Davtyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 16371 Gothard Street, Suite H, Huntington Beach, CA, 92647, USA.
| | - Armine Hovakimyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 16371 Gothard Street, Suite H, Huntington Beach, CA, 92647, USA.
| | - Amir Tukhvatulin
- Gamaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Ministry of Health Moscow, Moscow, 123098, Russia.
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 16371 Gothard Street, Suite H, Huntington Beach, CA, 92647, USA.
| | - Dmitry Shcheblyakov
- Gamaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Ministry of Health Moscow, Moscow, 123098, Russia.
| | - Denis Logunov
- Gamaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Ministry of Health Moscow, Moscow, 123098, Russia.
| | - Marina Chulkina
- The Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
| | - Anastasia Savilova
- The Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Trofimov
- The Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
| | - Edward L Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Michael G Agadjanyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 16371 Gothard Street, Suite H, Huntington Beach, CA, 92647, USA.
- The Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Munich S, Sobo-Vujanovic A, Buchser WJ, Beer-Stolz D, Vujanovic NL. Dendritic cell exosomes directly kill tumor cells and activate natural killer cells via TNF superfamily ligands. Oncoimmunology 2014; 1:1074-1083. [PMID: 23170255 PMCID: PMC3494621 DOI: 10.4161/onci.20897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autocrine and paracrine cell communication can be conveyed by multiple mediators, including membrane-associate proteins, secreted proteins and exosomes. Exosomes are 30–100 nm endosome-derived vesicles consisting in cytosolic material surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing transmembrane proteins. We have previously shown that dendritic cells (DCs) express on their surface multiple TNF superfamily ligands (TNFSFLs), by which they can induce the apoptotic demise of tumor cells as well as the activation of natural killer (NK) cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that, similar to DCs, DC-derived exosomes (DCex) express on their surface TNF, FasL and TRAIL, by which they can trigger caspase activation and apoptosis in tumor cells. We also show that DCex activate NK cells and stimulate them to secrete interferonγ (IFNγ) upon the interaction of DCex TNF with NK-cell TNF receptors. These data demonstrate that DCex can mediate essential innate immune functions that were previously ascribed to DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Munich
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; Rush University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery; Chicago, IL USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Bae DS, Lee JK. Development of NK cell expansion methods using feeder cells from human myelogenous leukemia cell line. Blood Res 2014; 49:154-61. [PMID: 25325034 PMCID: PMC4188780 DOI: 10.5045/br.2014.49.3.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer (NK) cells constantly survey surrounding tissues and remove newly generated cancer cells, independent of cancer antigen recognition. Although there have been a number of attempts to apply NK cells for cancer therapy, clinical application has been somewhat limited because of the difficulty in preparing a sufficient number of NK cells. Therefore, ex vivo NK cell expansion is one of the important steps for developing NK cell therapeutics. Methods CD3+ depleted lymphocytes were cocultured with IL-2 and with feeder cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs], K562, and Jurkat) for 15 days. Expanded NK cells were tested for cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. Results We compared feeder activities of three different cells-PBMC, K562, and Jurkat. K562 expanded NK cells by almost 20 fold and also showed powerful cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. K562-NK cells remarkably expressed the NK cell activation receptors, NKG2D, and DNAM-1. K562-NK cells exhibited more than two-fold production of cytotoxic granules compared with Jurkat-NK cells, producing more perforin and granzyme B than naïve NK cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest that K562 are more efficient feeder cells than Jurkat or PBMCs. K562 feeder cells expanded NK cells by almost 20 fold and showed powerful cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. We herein propose an intriguing approach for a design of NK cell expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duk Seong Bae
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jae Kwon Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
In vitro stimulation with HBV therapeutic vaccine candidate Nasvac activates B and T cells from chronic hepatitis B patients and healthy donors. Mol Immunol 2014; 63:320-7. [PMID: 25193323 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infections remain a considerable health problem worldwide. The standard therapies have demonstrated limited efficacy, side effects or need life-long treatments. Nowadays therapeutic vaccination is a promising option. Recently, we developed a new vaccine formulation called Nasvac, based on the combination of surface and core antigens from HBV. Clinical trials already performed showed good efficacy in virus control. However, the exact mode of action of Nasvac formulation remains unclear. So far the functional impairment of DCs during persistent HBV infection is a controversial issue. On the other hand, it is known that B cells may function as antigen presenting cells (APC) activating T cells. The hepatitis B core antigen contained in Nasvac vaccine is able to bind and activate a high frequency of naive human B cells. In the present study the surface expression of activation and exhaustion markers on B cells and the subsequent activation of T cells after in vitro stimulation with Nasvac antigens were evaluated in chronic HBV patients and healthy donors. B- and T-cell phenotype and proliferation were assessed by flow cytometry. Our results indicate that in contrast to exhaustions markers B cell activation markers were increased on both study groups after Nasvac stimulation. A shift toward an activation phenotype was observed for both B and T cells. The present work suggests that B cells could act as efficient APCs for Nasvac antigens in humans, which might suggest the use of activated B cells as immunotherapeutic strategy for chronic hepatitis B.
Collapse
|
145
|
Bruno A, Ferlazzo G, Albini A, Noonan DM. A think tank of TINK/TANKs: tumor-infiltrating/tumor-associated natural killer cells in tumor progression and angiogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju200. [PMID: 25178695 PMCID: PMC4344546 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes are often induced by the cancer microenvironment to display a protumor, proangiogenic phenotype. This “polarization” has been described for several myeloid cells, in particular macrophages. Natural killer (NK) cells represent another population of innate immune cells able to infiltrate tumors. The role of NK in tumor progression and angiogenesis has not yet been fully investigated. Several studies have shown that tumor-infiltrating NK (here referred to as “TINKs”) and tumor-associated NK (altered peripheral NK cells, which here we call “TANKs”) are compromised in their ability to lysew tumor cells. Recent data have suggested that they are potentially protumorigenic and can also acquire a proangiogenic phenotype. Here we review the properties of TINKs and TANKs and compare their activities to that of NK cells endowed with a physiological proangiogenic phenotype, in particular decidual NK cells. We speculate on the potential origins of TINKs and TANKs and on the immune signals involved in their differentiation and polarization. The TINK and TANK phenotype has broad implications in the immune response to tumors, ranging from a deficient control of cancer and cancer stem cells to an altered crosstalk with other relevant players of the immune response, such as dendritic cells, to induction of cancer angiogenesis. With this recently acquired knowledge that has not yet been put into perspective, we point out new potential avenues for therapeutic intervention involving NK cells as a target or an ally in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Bruno
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy (AB, DMN); Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (GF); Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (AA); Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (DMN)
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy (AB, DMN); Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (GF); Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (AA); Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (DMN)
| | - Adriana Albini
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy (AB, DMN); Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (GF); Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (AA); Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (DMN)
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy (AB, DMN); Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (GF); Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (AA); Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (DMN)
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Mikulak J, Bozzo L, Roberto A, Pontarini E, Tentorio P, Hudspeth K, Lugli E, Mavilio D. Dopamine inhibits the effector functions of activated NK cells via the upregulation of the D5 receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2792-800. [PMID: 25127864 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that dopamine (DA) plays a key role in the cross-talk between the nervous and immune systems. In this study, we disclose a novel immune-regulatory role for DA: inhibition of effector functions of activated NK lymphocytes via the selective upregulation of the D5 dopaminergic receptor in response to prolonged cell stimulation with rIL-2. Indeed, engagement of this D1-like inhibitory receptor following binding with DA suppresses NK cell proliferation and synthesis of IFN-γ. The inhibition of IFN-γ production occurs through blocking the repressor activity of the p50/c-REL dimer of the NF-κB complex. Indeed, the stimulation of the D5 receptor on rIL-2-activated NK cells inhibits the binding of p50 to the microRNA 29a promoter, thus inducing a de novo synthesis of this miRNA. In turn, the increased levels of microRNA 29a were inversely correlated with the ability of NK cells to produce IFN-γ. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that DA switches off activated NK cells, thus representing a checkpoint exerted by the nervous system to control the reactivity of these innate immune effectors in response to activation stimuli and to avoid the establishment of chronic and pathologic inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Luisa Bozzo
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Alessandra Roberto
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Elena Pontarini
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Paolo Tentorio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Kelly Hudspeth
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20089 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Lugli E, Marcenaro E, Mavilio D. NK Cell Subset Redistribution during the Course of Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2014; 5:390. [PMID: 25177322 PMCID: PMC4132273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important effectors of innate immunity that play a critical role in the control of human viral infections. Indeed, given their capability to directly recognize virally infected cells without the need of specific antigen presentation, NK cells are on the first line of defense against these invading pathogens. By establishing cellular networks with a variety of cell types such as dendritic cells, NK cells can also amplify anti-viral adaptive immune responses. In turn, viruses evolved and developed several mechanisms to evade NK cell-mediated immune activity. It has been reported that certain viral diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus-1 as well as human cytomegalovirus infections, are associated with a pathologic redistribution of NK cell subsets in the peripheral blood. In particular, it has been observed the expansion of unconventional CD56(neg) NK cells, whose effector functions are significantly impaired as compared to that of conventional CD56(pos) NK cells. In this review, we address the impact of these two chronic viral infections on the functional and phenotypic perturbations of human NK cell compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy ; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Genova , Genova , Italy ; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Cummings JS, Moreno-Nieves UY, Arnold V, Gilbert A, Yarbrough K, Didier C, Lévy Y, Barré-Sinoussi F, Scott-Algara D. Natural killer cell responses to dendritic cells infected by the ANRS HIV-1 vaccine candidate, MVAHIV. Vaccine 2014; 32:5577-84. [PMID: 25131736 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Innate mechanisms are critical for the development of the host immune responses to antigen. Particularly, early interaction between natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DC) greatly impacts the establishment of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, using an autologous in vitro co-culture system we analyzed the NK cell response against MVAHIV-infected DC as well as the subsequent ability of these MVAHIV-primed NK cells to control HIV-1 infection in autologous DC. We found that NK cells responded early to MVAHIV- or MVAWT-infected DC in terms of degranulation and cytokine production. After a 4-day priming of NK cells by MVAHIV- or MVAWT-infected DC we observed an enhanced proliferation and modulation in the NK cell receptor repertoire expression. Interestingly, we found that MVAHIV-primed NK cells had a significant higher ability to control HIV-1 infection in autologous DC compared to MVAWT-primed NK cells; and this enhanced anti-HIV-1 activity appeared to be HIV-specific as MVAHIV-primed NK cells did not have a better ability to control other viral infections or respond against tumoral cells. Furthermore, we observed that NK cell receptors NKG2D and NKp46 modulate the priming of NK cells. This data provides evidence that in vitro NK cells can be primed by viral vector-infected DC, in the context of a NK/DC culture, to specifically target viral infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Saville Cummings
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, 25 rue Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Uriel Y Moreno-Nieves
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, 25 rue Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Arnold
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, 25 rue Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Adrien Gilbert
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, 25 rue Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Kevin Yarbrough
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, 25 rue Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Celine Didier
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, 25 rue Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- INSERM U955, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France
| | - Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, 25 rue Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scott-Algara
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, 25 rue Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Wallis SP, Stafford ND, Greenman J. Clinical relevance of immune parameters in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancers. Head Neck 2014; 37:449-59. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas D. Stafford
- Hull York Medical School, Daisy Laboratories, Castle Hill Hospital; Hull United Kingdom
| | - John Greenman
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull; Hull United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Moreno-Nieves UY, Didier C, Lévy Y, Barré-Sinoussi F, Scott-Algara D. NK cells are primed by ANRS MVA(HIV)-infected DCs, via a mechanism involving NKG2D and membrane-bound IL-15, to control HIV-1 infection in CD4+ T cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2370-9. [PMID: 24777763 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the major antiviral effector cell population of the innate immune system. It has been demonstrated that NK-cell activity can be modulated by the interaction with dendritic cells (DCs). The HIV-1 vaccine candidate Modified Vaccinia Ankara encoding an HIV polypeptide (MVA(HIV)), developed by the French National Agency for Research on AIDS (ANRS), has the ability to prime NK cells to control HIV-1 infection in DCs. However, whether or not MVA(HIV)-primed NK cells are able to better control HIV-1 infection in CD4(+) T cells, and the mechanism underlying the specific priming, remain undetermined. In this study, we show that MVA(HIV)-primed NK cells display a greater capacity to control HIV-1 infection in autologous CD4(+) T cells. We also highlight the importance of NKG2D engagement on NK cells and DC-produced IL-15 to achieve the anti-HIV-1 specific priming, as blockade of either NKG2D or IL-15 during MVA(HIV)-priming lead to a subsequent decreased control of HIV-1 infection in autologous CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, we show that the decreased control of HIV-1 infection in CD4(+) T cells might be due, at least in part, to the decreased expression of membrane-bound IL-15 (mbIL-15) on DCs when NKG2D is blocked during MVA(HIV)-priming of NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Y Moreno-Nieves
- Department of Virology, Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|