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Trembley JH, Kren BT, Afzal M, Scaria GA, Klein MA, Ahmed K. Protein kinase CK2 – diverse roles in cancer cell biology and therapeutic promise. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:899-926. [PMID: 36114992 PMCID: PMC9483426 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The association of protein kinase CK2 (formerly casein kinase II or 2) with cell growth and proliferation in cells was apparent at early stages of its investigation. A cancer-specific role for CK2 remained unclear until it was determined that CK2 was also a potent suppressor of cell death (apoptosis); the latter characteristic differentiated its function in normal versus malignant cells because dysregulation of both cell growth and cell death is a universal feature of cancer cells. Over time, it became evident that CK2 exerts its influence on a diverse range of cell functions in normal as well as in transformed cells. As such, CK2 and its substrates are localized in various compartments of the cell. The dysregulation of CK2 is documented in a wide range of malignancies; notably, by increased CK2 protein and activity levels with relatively moderate change in its RNA abundance. High levels of CK2 are associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types, and CK2 is a target for active research and testing for cancer therapy. Aspects of CK2 cellular roles and targeting in cancer are discussed in the present review, with focus on nuclear and mitochondrial functions and prostate, breast and head and neck malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeen H Trembley
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Betsy T Kren
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - George A Scaria
- Hematology/Oncology Section, Primary Care Service Line, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
| | - Mark A Klein
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Hematology/Oncology Section, Primary Care Service Line, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Khalil Ahmed
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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102
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Srimadh Bhagavatham SK, Pulukool SK, Pradhan SS, R S, Ashok Naik A, V M DD, Sivaramakrishnan V. Systems biology approach delineates critical pathways associated with disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-22. [PMID: 36047508 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease leading to inflammation, cartilage cell death, synoviocyte proliferation, and increased and impaired differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts leading to joint erosions and deformities. Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics datasets were analyzed to identify the critical pathways that drive the RA pathophysiology. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with RA were analyzed for the functional implications, clinical outcomes, and blood parameters later validated by literature. SNPs associated with RA were grouped into pathways that drive the immune response and cytokine production. Further gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed on gene expression omnibus (GEO) data sets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), synovial macrophages, and synovial biopsies from RA patients showed enrichment of Th1, Th2, Th17 differentiation, viral and bacterial infections, metabolic signalling and immunological pathways with potential implications for RA. The proteomics data analysis presented pathways with genes involved in immunological signaling and metabolic pathways, including vitamin B12 and folate metabolism. Metabolomics datasets analysis showed significant pathways like amino-acyl tRNA biosynthesis, metabolism of amino acids (arginine, alanine aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan), and nucleotide metabolism. Furthermore, our commonality analysis of multi-omics datasets identified common pathways with potential implications for joint remodeling in RA. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics treatments were found to modulate many of the pathways that were deregulated in RA. Overall, our analysis identified molecular signatures associated with the observed symptoms, joint erosions, potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets in RA. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujith Kumar Pulukool
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, A.P., India
| | - Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, A.P., India
| | - Saiswaroop R
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, A.P., India
| | - Ashwin Ashok Naik
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, A.P., India
| | - Datta Darshan V M
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, A.P., India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, A.P., India
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103
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Malik R, Joshi N, Tomer VK. Functional graphitic carbon (IV) nitride: A versatile sensing material. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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104
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D'Amore C, Borgo C, Bosello Travain V, Salvi M. KDM2A and KDM3B as Potential Targets for the Rescue of F508del-CFTR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179612. [PMID: 36077010 PMCID: PMC9455907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an anion-selective plasma membrane channel that mainly regulates chloride transport in a variety of epithelia. More than 2000 mutations, most of which presumed to be disease-relevant, have been identified in the CFTR gene. The single CFTR mutation F508del (deletion of phenylalanine in position 508) is present in about 90% of global CF patients in at least one allele. F508del is responsible for the defective folding and processing of CFTR, failing to traffic to the plasma membrane and undergoing premature degradation via the ubiquitin–proteasome system. CFTR is subjected to different post-translational modifications (PTMs), and the possibility to modulate these PTMs has been suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy for the functional recovery of the disease-associated mutants. Recently, the PTM mapping of CFTR has identified some lysine residues that may undergo methylation or ubiquitination, suggesting a competition between these two PTMs. Our work hypothesis moves from the idea that favors methylation over ubiquitination, e.g., inhibiting demethylation could be a successful strategy for preventing the premature degradation of unstable CFTR mutants. Here, by using a siRNA library against all the human demethylases, we identified the enzymes whose downregulation increases F508del-CFTR stability and channel function. Our results show that KDM2A and KDM3B downregulation increases the stability of F508del-CFTR and boosts the functional rescue of the channel induced by CFTR correctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D'Amore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35031 Padova, Italy
| | - Christian Borgo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35031 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Salvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35031 Padova, Italy
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105
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CK2 Inhibition and Antitumor Activity of 4,7-Dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165239. [PMID: 36014483 PMCID: PMC9415015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, cancer is one of the most widespread and dangerous human diseases with a high mortality rate. Nevertheless, the search and application of new low-toxic and effective drugs, combined with the timely diagnosis of diseases, makes it possible to cure most types of tumors at an early stage. In this work, the range of new polysubstituted 4,7-dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines was extended. The structure of all the obtained compounds was confirmed by the data of 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. These compounds were evaluated against human recombinant CK2 using the ADP-GloTM assay. In addition, the IC50 parameters were calculated based on the results of the MTT test against glioblastoma (A-172), embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma (Rd), osteosarcoma (Hos), and human embryonic kidney (Hek-293) cells. Compounds 5f, 5h, and 5k showed a CK2 inhibitory activity close to the reference molecule (staurosporine). The most potential compound in the MTT test was 5m with an IC50 from 13 to 27 µM. Thus, our results demonstrate that 4,7-dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are promising for further investigation of their antitumor properties.
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106
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Firnau MB, Brieger A. CK2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081987. [PMID: 36009534 PMCID: PMC9405757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is commonly dysregulated in cancer, impacting diverse molecular pathways. CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, constitutively active and ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. With over 500 known substrates and being estimated to be responsible for up to 10% of the human phosphoproteome, it is of significant importance. A broad spectrum of diverse types of cancer cells has been already shown to rely on disturbed CK2 levels for their survival. The hallmarks of cancer provide a rationale for understanding cancer’s common traits. They constitute the maintenance of proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling of replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, the activation of invasion and metastasis, as well as avoidance of immune destruction and dysregulation of cellular energetics. In this work, we have compiled evidence from the literature suggesting that CK2 modulates all hallmarks of cancer, thereby promoting oncogenesis and operating as a cancer driver by creating a cellular environment favorable to neoplasia.
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107
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White A, McGlone A, Gomez-Pastor R. Protein Kinase CK2 and Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Target in Huntington's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1979. [PMID: 36009526 PMCID: PMC9406209 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HTT gene, for which no disease modifying therapies are currently available. Much of the recent research has focused on developing therapies to directly lower HTT expression, and while promising, these therapies have presented several challenges regarding administration and efficacy. Another promising therapeutic approach is the modulation of HTT post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are dysregulated in disease and have shown to play a key role in HTT toxicity. Among all PTMs, modulation of HTT phosphorylation has been proposed as an attractive therapeutic option due to the possibility of orally administering specific kinase effectors. One of the kinases described to participate in HTT phosphorylation is Protein Kinase CK2. CK2 has recently emerged as a target for the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric disorders, although its role in HD remains controversial. While pharmacological studies in vitro inhibiting CK2 resulted in reduced HTT phosphorylation and increased toxicity, genetic approaches in mouse models of HD have provided beneficial effects. In this review we discuss potential therapeutic approaches related to the manipulation of HTT-PTMs with special emphasis on the role of CK2 as a therapeutic target in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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108
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Ramón AC, Basukala O, Massimi P, Thomas M, Perera Y, Banks L, Perea SE. CIGB-300 Peptide Targets the CK2 Phospho-Acceptor Domain on Human Papillomavirus E7 and Disrupts the Retinoblastoma (RB) Complex in Cervical Cancer Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081681. [PMID: 36016303 PMCID: PMC9414295 DOI: 10.3390/v14081681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CIGB-300 is a clinical-grade anti-Protein Kinase CK2 peptide, binding both its substrate’s phospho-acceptor site and the CK2α catalytic subunit. The cyclic p15 inhibitory domain of CIGB-300 was initially selected in a phage display library screen for its ability to bind the CK2 phospho-acceptor domain ofHPV-16 E7. However, the actual role of this targeting in CIGB-300 antitumoral mechanism remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the physical interaction of CIGB-300 with HPV-E7 and its impact on CK2-mediated phosphorylation. Hence, we studied the relevance of targeting E7 phosphorylation for the cytotoxic effect induced by CIGB-300. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation experiments followed by western blotting were performed to study the impact of the peptide on the E7–pRB interaction. Interestingly, we found a clear binding of CIGB-300 to the N terminal region of E7 proteins of the HPV-16 type. Accordingly, the in vivo physical interaction of the peptide with HPV-16 E7 reduced CK2-mediated phosphorylation of E7, as well as its binding to the tumor suppressor pRB. However, the targeting of E7 phosphorylation by CIGB-300 seemed to be dispensable for the induction of cell death in HPV-18 cervical cancer-derived C4-1 cells. These findings unveil novel molecular clues to the means by which CIGB-300 triggers cell death in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailyn C. Ramón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (Y.P.)
| | - Om Basukala
- Tumor Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (P.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Paola Massimi
- Tumor Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (P.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Miranda Thomas
- Tumor Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (P.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Yasser Perera
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (Y.P.)
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Lawrence. Banks
- Tumor Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (P.M.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Silvio E. Perea
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (Y.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.E.P.)
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109
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The Role of Protein Kinase CK2 in Development and Disease Progression: A Critical Review. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10030031. [PMID: 35997395 PMCID: PMC9397010 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous holoenzyme involved in a wide array of developmental processes. The involvement of CK2 in events such as neurogenesis, cardiogenesis, skeletogenesis, and spermatogenesis is essential for the viability of almost all organisms, and its role has been conserved throughout evolution. Further into adulthood, CK2 continues to function as a key regulator of pathways affecting crucial processes such as osteogenesis, adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, neuron differentiation, and the immune response. Due to its vast role in a multitude of pathways, aberrant functioning of this kinase leads to embryonic lethality and numerous diseases and disorders, including cancer and neurological disorders. As a result, CK2 is a popular target for interventions aiming to treat the aforementioned diseases. Specifically, two CK2 inhibitors, namely CX-4945 and CIBG-300, are in the early stages of clinical testing and exhibit promise for treating cancer and other disorders. Further, other researchers around the world are focusing on CK2 to treat bone disorders. This review summarizes the current understanding of CK2 in development, the structure of CK2, the targets and signaling pathways of CK2, the implication of CK2 in disease progression, and the recent therapeutics developed to inhibit the dysregulation of CK2 function in various diseases.
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110
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Samy A, Maher MA, Abdelsalam NA, Badr E. SARS-CoV-2 potential drugs, drug targets, and biomarkers: a viral-host interaction network-based analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11934. [PMID: 35831333 PMCID: PMC9279364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15898-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a global pandemic impacting the daily living of millions. As variants of the virus evolve, a complete comprehension of the disease and drug targets becomes a decisive duty. The Omicron variant, for example, has a notably high transmission rate verified in 155 countries. We performed integrative transcriptomic and network analyses to identify drug targets and diagnostic biomarkers and repurpose FDA-approved drugs for SARS-CoV-2. Upon the enrichment of 464 differentially expressed genes, pathways regulating the host cell cycle were significant. Regulatory and interaction networks featured hsa-mir-93-5p and hsa-mir-17-5p as blood biomarkers while hsa-mir-15b-5p as an antiviral agent. MYB, RRM2, ERG, CENPF, CIT, and TOP2A are potential drug targets for treatment. HMOX1 is suggested as a prognostic biomarker. Enhancing HMOX1 expression by neem plant extract might be a therapeutic alternative. We constructed a drug-gene network for FDA-approved drugs to be repurposed against the infection. The key drugs retrieved were members of anthracyclines, mitotic inhibitors, anti-tumor antibiotics, and CDK1 inhibitors. Additionally, hydroxyquinone and digitoxin are potent TOP2A inhibitors. Hydroxyurea, cytarabine, gemcitabine, sotalol, and amiodarone can also be redirected against COVID-19. The analysis enforced the repositioning of fluorouracil and doxorubicin, especially that they have multiple drug targets, hence less probability of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Samy
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Maher
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Nehal Adel Abdelsalam
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, Giza, 12578, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Eman Badr
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, Giza, 12578, Egypt. .,Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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111
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Anti-adipogenic and Pro-lipolytic Effects on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by CX-4945, an Inhibitor of Casein Kinase 2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137274. [PMID: 35806278 PMCID: PMC9266649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase and is upregulated in human obesity. CX-4945 (Silmitasertib) is a CK2 inhibitor with anti-cancerous and anti-adipogenic activities. However, the anti-adipogenic and pro-lipolytic effects and the mode of action of CX-4945 in (pre)adipocytes remain elusive. Here, we explored the effects of CX-4945 on adipogenesis and lipolysis in differentiating and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, a murine preadipocyte cell line. CX-4945 at 15 μM strongly reduced lipid droplet (LD) accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells, indicating the drug’s anti-adipogenic effect. Mechanistically, CX-4945 reduced the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and perilipin A in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Strikingly, CX-4945 further increased the phosphorylation levels of cAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and liver kinase B-1 (LKB-1) while decreasing the intracellular ATP content in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. In differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, CX-4945 had abilities to stimulate glycerol release and elevate the phosphorylation levels of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), pointing to the drug’s pro-lipolytic effect. In addition, CX-4945 induced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2), and PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK-1/2, attenuated the CX4945-induced glycerol release and HSL phosphorylation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, indicating the drug’s ERK-1/2-dependent lipolysis. In summary, this investigation shows that CX-4945 has strong anti-adipogenic and pro-lipolytic effects on differentiating and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, mediated by control of the expression and phosphorylation levels of CK2, C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, FAS, ACC, perilipin A, AMPK, LKB-1, ERK-1/2, and HSL.
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112
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Filhol O, Hesse AM, Bouin AP, Albigès-Rizo C, Jeanneret F, Battail C, Pflieger D, Cochet C. CK2β Is a Gatekeeper of Focal Adhesions Regulating Cell Spreading. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:900947. [PMID: 35847979 PMCID: PMC9280835 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.900947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CK2 is a hetero-tetrameric serine/threonine protein kinase made up of two CK2α/αʹ catalytic subunits and two CK2β regulatory subunits. The free CK2α subunit and the tetrameric holoenzyme have distinct substrate specificity profiles, suggesting that the spatiotemporal organization of the individual CK2 subunits observed in living cells is crucial in the control of the many cellular processes that are governed by this pleiotropic kinase. Indeed, previous studies reported that the unbalanced expression of CK2 subunits is sufficient to drive epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. Moreover, sub-stoichiometric expression of CK2β compared to CK2α in a subset of breast cancer tumors was correlated with the induction of EMT markers and increased epithelial cell plasticity in breast carcinoma progression. Phenotypic changes of epithelial cells are often associated with the activation of phosphotyrosine signaling. Herein, using phosphotyrosine enrichment coupled with affinity capture and proteomic analysis, we show that decreased expression of CK2β in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells triggers the phosphorylation of a number of proteins on tyrosine residues and promotes the striking activation of the FAK1-Src-PAX1 signaling pathway. Moreover, morphometric analyses also reveal that CK2β loss increases the number and the spatial distribution of focal adhesion signaling complexes that coordinate the adhesive and migratory processes. Together, our findings allow positioning CK2β as a gatekeeper for cell spreading by restraining focal adhesion formation and invasion of mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Filhol
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté, U1292, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Marie Hesse
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté U1292, CNRS FR 2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Pascale Bouin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Albigès-Rizo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Florian Jeanneret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté, U1292, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Battail
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté, U1292, Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Pflieger
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté U1292, CNRS FR 2048, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Claude Cochet, ; Delphine Pflieger,
| | - Claude Cochet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté, U1292, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Claude Cochet, ; Delphine Pflieger,
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113
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Potential Autoimmunity Resulting from Molecular Mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Human Proteins. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071415. [PMID: 35891400 PMCID: PMC9318917 DOI: 10.3390/v14071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mimicry between viral antigens and host proteins can produce cross-reacting antibodies leading to autoimmunity. The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, a disease curiously resulting in varied symptoms and outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Autoimmunity due to cross-reacting antibodies resulting from molecular mimicry between viral antigens and host proteins may provide an explanation. Thus, we computationally investigated molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 Spike and known epitopes. We discovered molecular mimicry hotspots in Spike and highlight two examples with tentative high autoimmune potential and implications for understanding COVID-19 complications. We show that a TQLPP motif in Spike and thrombopoietin shares similar antibody binding properties. Antibodies cross-reacting with thrombopoietin may induce thrombocytopenia, a condition observed in COVID-19 patients. Another motif, ELDKY, is shared in multiple human proteins, such as PRKG1 involved in platelet activation and calcium regulation, and tropomyosin, which is linked to cardiac disease. Antibodies cross-reacting with PRKG1 and tropomyosin may cause known COVID-19 complications such as blood-clotting disorders and cardiac disease, respectively. Our findings illuminate COVID-19 pathogenesis and highlight the importance of considering autoimmune potential when developing therapeutic interventions to reduce adverse reactions.
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Yang X, Dickmander RJ, Bayati A, Taft-Benz SA, Smith JL, Wells CI, Madden EA, Brown JW, Lenarcic EM, Yount BL, Chang E, Axtman AD, Baric RS, Heise MT, McPherson PS, Moorman NJ, Willson TM. Host Kinase CSNK2 is a Target for Inhibition of Pathogenic SARS-like β-Coronaviruses. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1937-1950. [PMID: 35723434 PMCID: PMC9236220 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the protein kinase CSNK2 with any of 30 specific and selective inhibitors representing different chemotypes, blocked replication of pathogenic human, bat, and murine β-coronaviruses. The potency of in-cell CSNK2A target engagement across the set of inhibitors correlated with antiviral activity and genetic knockdown confirmed the essential role of the CSNK2 holoenzyme in β-coronavirus replication. Spike protein endocytosis was blocked by CSNK2A inhibition, indicating that antiviral activity was due in part to a suppression of viral entry. CSNK2A inhibition may be a viable target for the development of anti-SARS-like β-coronavirus drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rebekah J Dickmander
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Armin Bayati
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sharon A Taft-Benz
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jeffery L Smith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Carrow I Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Emily A Madden
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason W Brown
- Takeda San Diego, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erik M Lenarcic
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Boyd L Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Edcon Chang
- Takeda San Diego, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Alison D Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mark T Heise
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nathaniel J Moorman
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Timothy M Willson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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115
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Chandrasekaran B, Saravanan M. Editorial: Pharmacological and Biochemical Perspectives of Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer and COVID-19 Therapeutics, Volume I. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916324. [PMID: 35784709 PMCID: PMC9240733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, ITM-University, Gwalior, India
- *Correspondence: Balakumar Chandrasekaran, ; Muthupandian Saravanan,
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Balakumar Chandrasekaran, ; Muthupandian Saravanan,
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116
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Mishra S, Kinoshita C, Axtman AD, Young JE. Evaluation of a Selective Chemical Probe Validates That CK2 Mediates Neuroinflammation in a Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Microglial Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:824956. [PMID: 35774866 PMCID: PMC9239073 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.824956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel treatments for neurodegenerative disorders are in high demand. It is imperative that new protein targets be identified to address this need. Characterization and validation of nascent targets can be accomplished very effectively using highly specific and potent chemical probes. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide a relevant platform for testing new compounds in disease relevant cell types. However, many recent studies utilizing this platform have focused on neuronal cells. In this study, we used hiPSC-derived microglia-like cells (MGLs) to perform side-by-side testing of a selective chemical probe, SGC-CK2-1, compared with an advanced clinical candidate, CX-4945, both targeting casein kinase 2 (CK2), one of the first kinases shown to be dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). CK2 can mediate neuroinflammation in AD, however, its role in microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), has not been defined. We analyzed available RNA-seq data to determine the microglial expression of kinases inhibited by SGC-CK2-1 and CX-4945 with a reported role in mediating inflammation in glial cells. As proof-of-concept for using hiPSC-MGLs as a potential screening platform, we used both wild-type (WT) MGLs and MGLs harboring a mutation in presenilin-1 (PSEN1), which is causative for early-onset, familial AD (FAD). We stimulated these MGLs with pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from E. coli and observed strong inhibition of the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by simultaneous treatment with SGC-CK2-1. A direct comparison shows that SGC-CK2-1 was more effective at suppression of proinflammatory cytokines than CX-4945. Together, these results validate a selective chemical probe, SGC-CK2-1, in human microglia as a tool to reduce neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mishra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chizuru Kinoshita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alison D. Axtman
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jessica E. Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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117
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Yu D, Zarate N, White A, Coates D, Tsai W, Nanclares C, Cuccu F, Yue JS, Brown TG, Mansky RH, Jiang K, Kim H, Nichols-Meade T, Larson SN, Gundry K, Zhang Y, Tomas-Zapico C, Lucas JJ, Benneyworth M, Öz G, Cvetanovic M, Araque A, Gomez-Pastor R. CK2 alpha prime and alpha-synuclein pathogenic functional interaction mediates synaptic dysregulation in huntington's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:83. [PMID: 35659303 PMCID: PMC9164558 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HTT gene for which no therapies are available. HTT mutation causes protein misfolding and aggregation, preferentially affecting medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the basal ganglia. Transcriptional perturbations in synaptic genes and neuroinflammation are key processes that precede MSN dysfunction and motor symptom onset. Understanding the interplay between these processes is crucial to develop effective therapeutic strategies to treat HD. We investigated the role of protein kinase CK2α', a kinase upregulated in MSNs in HD and previously associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), in the regulation of neuroinflammation and synaptic function in HD. We used the heterozygous knock-in zQ175 HD mouse model and compared that to zQ175 mice lacking one allele of CK2α' (zQ175:CK2α'(±)). CK2α' haploinsufficiency in zQ175 mice resulted in decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, HTT aggregation, astrogliosis and transcriptional alterations of synaptic genes related to glutamatergic signaling. zQ175:CK2α'(±) mice also presented increased frequency of striatal miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), an indicator of synaptic activity, and improved motor coordination compared to zQ175 mice. Neuropathological and phenotypic changes mediated by CK2α' were connected to alpha-synuclein (α-syn) dysregulation and correlated with differences in α-syn serine 129 phosphorylation (pS129-α-syn), a post-translational modification involved in α-synucleinopathy and shown to be regulated by CK2 in PD. pS129-α-syn was increased in the nuclei of MSNs in zQ175 mice and in the striatum of patients with HD, and it decreased in zQ175:CK2α'(±) mice. Collectively, our data established a novel connection between CK2α', neuroinflammation and synaptic gene dysregulation with synucleinopathy in HD and suggested common molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration between HD and PD. Our results also support CK2α' inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy to modulate neuronal function and neuroprotection in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahyun Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Nicole Zarate
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Angel White
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - De’jah Coates
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Wei Tsai
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Carmen Nanclares
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Francesco Cuccu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Johnny S. Yue
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Mounds View High School, Arden Hills, MN USA
| | - Taylor G. Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Rachel H. Mansky
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Kevin Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Hyuck Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Present Address: HK, MEPSGEN, Seoul, 05836 South Korea
- Present Address: CTZ Department of Functional Biology, Physiology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain
- Present Address: Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | - Tessa Nichols-Meade
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Sarah N. Larson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Katherine Gundry
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Cristina Tomas-Zapico
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’ (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Present Address: HK, MEPSGEN, Seoul, 05836 South Korea
- Present Address: CTZ Department of Functional Biology, Physiology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain
- Present Address: Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | - Jose J. Lucas
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’ (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Benneyworth
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Marija Cvetanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Alfonso Araque
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
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118
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Fabbian S, Giachin G, Bellanda M, Borgo C, Ruzzene M, Spuri G, Campofelice A, Veneziano L, Bonchio M, Carraro M, Battistutta R. Mechanism of CK2 Inhibition by a Ruthenium-Based Polyoxometalate. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:906390. [PMID: 35720133 PMCID: PMC9201508 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.906390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CK2 is a Ser/Thr protein kinase involved in many cellular processes such as gene expression, cell cycle progression, cell growth and differentiation, embryogenesis, and apoptosis. Aberrantly high CK2 activity is widely documented in cancer, but the enzyme is also involved in several other pathologies, such as diabetes, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and viral infections, including COVID-19. Over the last years, a large number of small-molecules able to inhibit the CK2 activity have been reported, mostly acting with an ATP-competitive mechanism. Polyoxometalates (POMs), are metal-oxide polyanionic clusters of various structures and dimensions, with unique chemical and physical properties. POMs were identified as nanomolar CK2 inhibitors, but their mechanism of inhibition and CK2 binding site remained elusive. Here, we present the biochemical and biophysical characterizing of the interaction of CK2α with a ruthenium-based polyoxometalate, [Ru4(μ-OH)2(μ-O)4(H2O)4 (γ-SiW10O36)2]10− (Ru4POM), a potent inhibitor of CK2. Using analytical Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), and SAXS we were able to unravel the mechanism of inhibition of Ru4POM. Ru4POM binds to the positively-charged substrate binding region of the enzyme through electrostatic interactions, triggering the dimerization of the enzyme which consequently is inactivated. Ru4POM is the first non-peptide molecule showing a substrate-competitive mechanism of inhibition for CK2. On the basis of SAXS data, a structural model of the inactivated (CK2α)2(Ru4POM)2 complex is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fabbian
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giachin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellanda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Christian Borgo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Ruzzene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Ruzzene, ; Mauro Carraro, ; Roberto Battistutta,
| | - Giacomo Spuri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ambra Campofelice
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Veneziano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM)-CNR, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Carraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM)-CNR, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Ruzzene, ; Mauro Carraro, ; Roberto Battistutta,
| | - Roberto Battistutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Ruzzene, ; Mauro Carraro, ; Roberto Battistutta,
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119
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A PARylation-phosphorylation cascade promotes TOPBP1 loading and RPA-RAD51 exchange in homologous recombination. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2571-2587.e9. [PMID: 35597237 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of homologous recombination (HR) in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is closely associated with genome stability and tumor response to chemotherapy. While many factors have been functionally characterized in HR, such as TOPBP1, their precise regulation remains unclear. Here, we report that TOPBP1 interacts with the RNA-binding protein HTATSF1 in a cell-cycle- and phosphorylation-dependent manner. Mechanistically, CK2 phosphorylates HTATSF1 to facilitate binding to TOPBP1, which promotes S-phase-specific TOPBP1 recruitment to damaged chromatin and subsequent RPA/RAD51-dependent HR, genome integrity, and cancer-cell viability. The localization of HTATSF1-TOPBP1 to DSBs is potentially independent of the transcription-coupled RNA-binding and processing capacity of HTATSF1 but rather relies on the recognition of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated RPA by HTATSF1, which can be blunted with PARP inhibitors. Together, our study provides a mechanistic insight into TOPBP1 loading at HR-prone DSB sites via HTATSF1 and reveals how RPA-RAD51 exchange is tuned by a PARylation-phosphorylation cascade.
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120
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Barbosa-Silva A, Magalhães M, da Silva GF, da Silva FAB, Carneiro FRG, Carels N. A Data Science Approach for the Identification of Molecular Signatures of Aggressive Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2325. [PMID: 35565454 PMCID: PMC9103663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The main hallmarks of cancer include sustaining proliferative signaling and resisting cell death. We analyzed the genes of the WNT pathway and seven cross-linked pathways that may explain the differences in aggressiveness among cancer types. We divided six cancer types (liver, lung, stomach, kidney, prostate, and thyroid) into classes of high (H) and low (L) aggressiveness considering the TCGA data, and their correlations between Shannon entropy and 5-year overall survival (OS). Then, we used principal component analysis (PCA), a random forest classifier (RFC), and protein-protein interactions (PPI) to find the genes that correlated with aggressiveness. Using PCA, we found GRB2, CTNNB1, SKP1, CSNK2A1, PRKDC, HDAC1, YWHAZ, YWHAB, and PSMD2. Except for PSMD2, the RFC analysis showed a different list, which was CAD, PSMD14, APH1A, PSMD2, SHC1, TMEFF2, PSMD11, H2AFZ, PSMB5, and NOTCH1. Both methods use different algorithmic approaches and have different purposes, which explains the discrepancy between the two gene lists. The key genes of aggressiveness found by PCA were those that maximized the separation of H and L classes according to its third component, which represented 19% of the total variance. By contrast, RFC classified whether the RNA-seq of a tumor sample was of the H or L type. Interestingly, PPIs showed that the genes of PCA and RFC lists were connected neighbors in the PPI signaling network of WNT and cross-linked pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Barbosa-Silva
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E14NS, UK
- ITTM S.A.—Information Technology for Translational Medicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4354 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Milena Magalhães
- Plataforma de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, Center for Technology Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil; (M.M.); (G.F.d.S.)
| | - Gilberto Ferreira da Silva
- Plataforma de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, Center for Technology Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil; (M.M.); (G.F.d.S.)
| | - Fabricio Alves Barbosa da Silva
- Laboratório de Modelagem Computacional de Sistemas Biológicos, Scientific Computing Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil;
| | - Flávia Raquel Gonçalves Carneiro
- Center for Technology Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231050, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Carels
- Plataforma de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, Center for Technology Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil; (M.M.); (G.F.d.S.)
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121
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You E, Jeong J, Lee J, Keum S, Hwang YE, Choi JH, Rhee S. Casein kinase 2 promotes the TGF-β-induced activation of α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 in fibroblasts cultured on a soft matrix. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35321783 PMCID: PMC9058472 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.4.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell signals for growth factors depend on the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the cells. Microtubule acetylation is involved in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation in the soft ECM. However, the mechanism of activation of α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (α-TAT1), a major α-tubulin acetyltransferase, in the soft ECM is not well defined. Here, we found that casein kinase 2 (CK2) is required for the TGF-β-induced activation of α-TAT1 that promotes microtubule acetylation in the soft matrix. Genetic mutation and pharmacological inhibition of CK2 catalytic activity specifically reduced microtubule acetylation in the cells cultured on a soft matrix rather than those cultured on a stiff matrix. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that CK2α, a catalytic subunit of CK2, directly bound to the C-terminal domain of α-TAT1, and this interaction was more prominent in the cells cultured on the soft matrix. Moreover, the substitution of alanine with serine, the 236th amino acid located at the C-terminus, which contains the CK2-binding site of α-TAT1, sig-nificantly abrogated the TGF-β-induced microtubule acetylation in the soft matrix, indicating that the successful binding of CK2 and the C-terminus of α-TAT1 led to the phosphorylation of serine at the 236th position of amino acids in α-TAT1 and regulation of its catalytic activity. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the TGF-β-induced activation of α-TAT1 in a soft matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunae You
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jangho Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Seula Keum
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Ye Eun Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jee-Hye Choi
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sangmyung Rhee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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122
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Ibrahim SRM, Bagalagel AA, Diri RM, Noor AO, Bakhsh HT, Muhammad YA, Mohamed GA, Omar AM. Exploring the Activity of Fungal Phenalenone Derivatives as Potential CK2 Inhibitors Using Computational Methods. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050443. [PMID: 35628699 PMCID: PMC9143076 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents one of the most prevalent causes of global death. CK2 (casein kinase 2) activation boosted cancer proliferation and progression. Therefore, CK2 inhibition can have a crucial role in prohibiting cancer progression and enhancing apoptosis. Fungi have gained vast interest as a wealthy pool of anticancer metabolites that could particularly target various cancer progression-linked signaling pathways. Phenalenones are a unique class of secondary metabolites that possess diverse bioactivities. In the current work, the CK2 inhibitory capacity of 33 fungal phenalenones was explored using computational studies. After evaluating the usefulness of the compounds as enzyme inhibitors by ADMET prediction, the compounds were prepared for molecular docking in the CK2-α1 crystal structure (PDB: 7BU4). Molecular dynamic simulation was performed on the top two scoring compounds to evaluate their binding affinity and protein stability through a simulated physiological environment. Compound 19 had a superior binding affinity to the co-crystallized ligand (Y49). The improved affinity can be attributed to the fact that the aliphatic chain makes additional contact with Asp120 in a pocket distant from the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-581183034
| | - Alaa A. Bagalagel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.B.); (R.M.D.); (A.O.N.); (H.T.B.)
| | - Reem M. Diri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.B.); (R.M.D.); (A.O.N.); (H.T.B.)
| | - Ahmad O. Noor
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.B.); (R.M.D.); (A.O.N.); (H.T.B.)
| | - Hussain T. Bakhsh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.B.); (R.M.D.); (A.O.N.); (H.T.B.)
| | - Yosra A. Muhammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.M.); (A.M.O.)
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelsattar M. Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.M.); (A.M.O.)
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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Werner C, Gast A, Lindenblatt D, Nickelsen A, Niefind K, Jose J, Hochscherf J. Structural and Enzymological Evidence for an Altered Substrate Specificity in Okur-Chung Neurodevelopmental Syndrome Mutant CK2αLys198Arg. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:831693. [PMID: 35445078 PMCID: PMC9014129 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.831693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific de novo mutations in the CSNK2A1 gene, which encodes CK2α, the catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2, are considered as causative for the Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome (OCNDS). OCNDS is a rare congenital disease with a high phenotypic diversity ranging from neurodevelopmental disabilities to multi-systemic problems and characteristic facial features. A frequent OCNDS mutation is the exchange of Lys198 to Arg at the center of CK2α′s P+1 loop, a key element of substrate recognition. According to preliminary data recently made available, this mutation causes a significant shift of the substrate specificity of the enzyme. We expressed the CK2αLys198Arg recombinantly and characterized it biophysically and structurally. Using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), fluorescence quenching and differential scanning fluorimetry (Thermofluor), we found that the mutation does not affect the interaction with CK2β, the non-catalytic CK2 subunit, and that the thermal stability of the protein is even slightly increased. However, a CK2αLys198Arg crystal structure and its comparison with wild-type structures revealed a significant shift of the anion binding site harboured by the P+1 loop. This observation supports the notion that the Lys198Arg mutation causes an alteration of substrate specificity which we underpinned here with enzymological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Werner
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Gast
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindenblatt
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Nickelsen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karsten Niefind
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hochscherf
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jennifer Hochscherf,
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Bijani S, Iqbal D, Mirza S, Jain V, Jahan S, Alsaweed M, Madkhali Y, Alsagaby SA, Banawas S, Algarni A, Alrumaihi F, Rawal RM, Alturaiki W, Shah A. Green Synthesis and Anticancer Potential of 1,4-Dihydropyridines-Based Triazole Derivatives: In Silico and In Vitro Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040519. [PMID: 35455010 PMCID: PMC9029820 DOI: 10.3390/life12040519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of 1,4-dihydropyridine-based 1,2,3-triazol derivatives has been designed, synthesized, and evaluated their cytotoxic potential on colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell lines. All compounds were characterized and identified based on their 1H and 13C NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopic data. Furthermore, molecular docking of best anticancer hits with target proteins (protein kinase CK2α, tankyrase1, and tankyrase2) has been performed. Our results implicated that most of these compounds have significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values between 0.63 ± 0.05 and 5.68 ± 0.14 µM. Moreover, the mechanism of action of most active compounds 13ab′ and 13ad′ suggested that they induce cell death through apoptosis in the late apoptotic phase as well as dead phase, and they could promote cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the molecular docking study illustrated that 13ad′ possesses better binding interaction with the catalytic residues of target proteins involved in cell proliferation and antiapoptotic pathways. Based on our in vitro and in silico study, 13ad′ was found to be a highly effective anti-cancerous compound. The present data indicate that dihydropyridine-linked 1,2,3-triazole conjugates can be generated as potent anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabera Bijani
- Department of Chemistry, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India; (S.B.); (V.J.)
- Center of Excellence, National Facility for Drug Discovery Complex, Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (S.A.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 15341, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Sheefa Mirza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Vicky Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India; (S.B.); (V.J.)
- Center of Excellence, National Facility for Drug Discovery Complex, Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (S.A.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alsaweed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (S.A.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
| | - Yahya Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (S.A.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
| | - Suliman A. Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (S.A.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
| | - Saeed Banawas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (S.A.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 15341, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Abdulrahman Algarni
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51425, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rakesh M. Rawal
- Department of Life Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India;
| | - Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (S.A.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
| | - Anamik Shah
- Center of Excellence, National Facility for Drug Discovery Complex, Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
- B/H Forensic Laboratory, Saurashtra University Karmachari Cooperative Society, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (A.S.)
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125
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Shah K, Kazi JU. Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of WNT/Beta-Catenin Signaling. Front Oncol 2022; 12:858782. [PMID: 35359365 PMCID: PMC8964056 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.858782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT/β-catenin signaling is a highly complex pathway that plays diverse roles in various cellular processes. While WNT ligands usually signal through their dedicated Frizzled receptors, the decision to signal in a β-catenin-dependent or -independent manner rests upon the type of co-receptors used. Canonical WNT signaling is β-catenin-dependent, whereas non-canonical WNT signaling is β-catenin-independent according to the classical definition. This still holds true, albeit with some added complexity, as both the pathways seem to cross-talk with intertwined networks that involve the use of different ligands, receptors, and co-receptors. β-catenin can be directly phosphorylated by various kinases governing its participation in either canonical or non-canonical pathways. Moreover, the co-activators that associate with β-catenin determine the output of the pathway in terms of induction of genes promoting proliferation or differentiation. In this review, we provide an overview of how protein phosphorylation controls WNT/β-catenin signaling, particularly in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Shah
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Julhash U. Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Julhash U. Kazi,
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126
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Rosales M, Rodríguez-Ulloa A, Pérez GV, Besada V, Soto T, Ramos Y, González LJ, Zettl K, Wiśniewski JR, Yang K, Perera Y, Perea SE. CIGB-300-Regulated Proteome Reveals Common and Tailored Response Patterns of AML Cells to CK2 Inhibition. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:834814. [PMID: 35359604 PMCID: PMC8962202 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.834814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is a highly pleiotropic and ubiquitously expressed Ser/Thr kinase with instrumental roles in normal and pathological states, including neoplastic phenotype in solid tumor and hematological malignancies. In line with previous reports, CK2 has been suggested as an attractive prognostic marker and molecular target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a blood malignant disorder that remains as an unmet medical need. Accordingly, this work investigates the complex landscape of molecular and cellular perturbations supporting the antileukemic effect exerted by CK2 inhibition in AML cells. To identify and functionally characterize the proteomic profile differentially modulated by the CK2 peptide-based inhibitor CIGB-300, we carried out LC-MS/MS and bioinformatic analysis in human cell lines representing two differentiation stages and major AML subtypes. Using this approach, 109 and 129 proteins were identified as significantly modulated in HL-60 and OCI-AML3 cells, respectively. In both proteomic profiles, proteins related to apoptotic cell death, cell cycle progression, and transcriptional/translational processes appeared represented, in agreement with previous results showing the impact of CIGB-300 in AML cell proliferation and viability. Of note, a group of proteins involved in intracellular redox homeostasis was specifically identified in HL-60 cell-regulated proteome, and flow cytometric analysis also confirmed a differential effect of CIGB-300 over reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in AML cells. Thus, oxidative stress might play a relevant role on CIGB-300-induced apoptosis in HL-60 but not in OCI-AML3 cells. Importantly, these findings provide first-hand insights concerning the CIGB-300 antileukemic effect and draw attention to the existence of both common and tailored response patterns triggered by CK2 inhibition in different AML backgrounds, a phenomenon of particular relevance with regard to the pharmacologic blockade of CK2 and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Rosales
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana (UH), Havana, Cuba
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Arielis Rodríguez-Ulloa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of System Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana, Cuba
| | - George V. Pérez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of System Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana, Cuba
| | - Thalia Soto
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana (UH), Havana, Cuba
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Yassel Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of System Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis J. González
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of System Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana, Cuba
| | - Katharina Zettl
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacek R. Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Ke Yang
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yongzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Yang, ; Yasser Perera, ; Silvio E. Perea,
| | - Yasser Perera
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yongzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Yang, ; Yasser Perera, ; Silvio E. Perea,
| | - Silvio E. Perea
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
- *Correspondence: Ke Yang, ; Yasser Perera, ; Silvio E. Perea,
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Targeting Protein Kinases and Epigenetic Control as Combinatorial Therapy Options for Advanced Prostate Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030515. [PMID: 35335890 PMCID: PMC8949110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC), the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, is known as metastatic bone cancer when it spreads to the bone. Although there is still no effective treatment for advanced/metastatic PC, awareness of the molecular events that contribute to PC progression has opened up opportunities and raised hopes for the development of new treatment strategies. Androgen deprivation and androgen-receptor-targeting therapies are two gold standard treatments for metastatic PC. However, acquired resistance to these treatments is a crucial challenge. Due to the role of protein kinases (PKs) in the growth, proliferation, and metastases of prostatic tumors, combinatorial therapy by PK inhibitors may help pave the way for metastatic PC treatment. Additionally, PC is known to have epigenetic involvement. Thus, understanding epigenetic pathways can help adopt another combinatorial treatment strategy. In this study, we reviewed the PKs that promote PC to advanced stages. We also summarized some PK inhibitors that may be used to treat advanced PC and we discussed the importance of epigenetic control in this cancer. We hope the information presented in this article will contribute to finding an effective treatment for the management of advanced PC.
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128
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Wińska P, Widło Ł, Senkara E, Koronkiewicz M, Cieśla JM, Krzyśko A, Skierka K, Cieśla J. Inhibition of Protein Kinase CK2 Affects Thymidylate Synthesis Cycle Enzyme Level and Distribution in Human Cancer Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:847829. [PMID: 35281258 PMCID: PMC8914513 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.847829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) constitute the thymidylate synthesis cycle providing thymidylate for DNA synthesis and repair. Our previous studies indicated that TS and DHFR are the substrates of protein kinase CK2. This work has been aimed at the elucidation of the effect of CK2 activity on cell cycle progression, thymidylate synthesis enzyme expression and localization, and the role of CK2-mediated TS phosphorylation in in vitro di- and trimolecular complex formation. The results were obtained by means of western blot, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), and microthermophoresis (MST). Our research indicates that CK2 inhibition does not change the levels of the transcripts; however, it affects the protein levels of DHFR and TS in both tested cell lines, i.e., A549 and CCRF-CEM, and the level of SHMT1 in CCRF-CEM cells. Moreover, we show that CK2-mediated phosphorylation of TS enables the protein (pTS) interaction with SHMT1 and leads to the stability of the tri-complex containing SHMT1, DHFR, and pTS. Our results suggest an important regulatory role of CK2-mediated phosphorylation for inter- and intracellular protein level of enzymes involved in the thymidylate biosynthesis cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Wińska
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Patrycja Wińska, ; Joanna Cieśla,
| | - Łukasz Widło
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Senkara
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jarosław M. Cieśla
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Krzyśko
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skierka
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Cieśla
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Patrycja Wińska, ; Joanna Cieśla,
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129
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Expanding Phenotype of Poirier–Bienvenu Syndrome: New Evidence from an Italian Multicentrical Cohort of Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020276. [PMID: 35205321 PMCID: PMC8872204 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Poirier–Bienvenu Neurodevelopmental Syndrome (POBINDS) is a rare disease linked to mutations of the CSNK2B gene, which encodes for a subunit of caseinkinase CK2 involved in neuronal growth and synaptic transmission. Its main features include early-onset epilepsy and intellectual disability. Despite the lack of cases described, it appears that POBINDS could manifest with a wide range of phenotypes, possibly related to the different mutations of CSNK2B. Methods: Our multicentric, retrospective study recruited nine patients with POBINDS, detected using next-generation sequencing panels and whole-exome sequencing. Clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging data were reported for each patient in order to assess the severity of phenotype, and eventually, a correlation with the type of CSNK2B mutation. Results: We reported nine unrelated patients with heterozygous de novo mutations of the CSNK2B gene. All cases presented epilepsy, and eight patients were associated with a different degree of intellectual disability. Other features detected included endocrinological and vascular abnormalities and dysmorphisms. Genetic analysis revealed six new variants of CSNK2B that have not been reported previously. Conclusion: Although it was not possible to assess a genotype–phenotype correlation in our patients, our research further expands the phenotype spectrum of POBINDS patients, identifying new mutations occurring in the CSNK2B gene.
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130
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Casein Kinase 2 Mediates Degradation of Transcription Factor Pcf1 during Appressorium Formation in the Rice Blast Fungus. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020144. [PMID: 35205898 PMCID: PMC8878131 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The appressorium is a specialized structure that is differentiated from Magnaporthe oryzae spores that can infect host cells. In the process of cellular transformation from spore to appressorium, the contents inside the spores are transferred into appressoria, accompanied by major differences in the gene expression model. In this study, we reported a transcription factor (TF), Pcf1, which was depressed at the transcription level and degraded at the protein level in nuclei of incipient appressoria at four hpi (hours post inoculation). To investigate its degradation mechanism, the interacting proteins of Pcf1 were identified using an immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) assay. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and co-IP (co-immunoprecipitation) assays confirmed that Pcf1 interacted with the casein kinase 2 (CK2) holoenzyme through direct combination with the CKb2 subunit. Moreover, Pcf1 was ubiquitinated in the hyphae. These changes in Pcf1 protein levels in nuclei provide a new clue of how TFs are degraded during appressorium formation: temporarily unnecessary TFs in spores are phosphorylated through interacting with CK2 enzyme and are then ubiquitinated and digested by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS).
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131
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Inhibiting CK2 among Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Gliomas and Several Other Neoplasms. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020331. [PMID: 35214064 PMCID: PMC8877581 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In gliomas, casein kinase 2 (CK2) plays a dominant role in cell survival and tumour invasiveness and is upregulated in many brain tumours. Among CK2 inhibitors, benzimidazole and isothiourea derivatives hold a dominant position. While targeting glioma tumour cells, they show limited toxicity towards normal cells. Research in recent years has shown that these compounds can be suitable as components of combined therapies with hyperbaric oxygenation. Such a combination increases the susceptibility of glioma tumour cells to cell death via apoptosis. Moreover, researchers planning on using any other antiglioma investigational pharmaceutics may want to consider using these agents in combination with CK2 inhibitors. However, different compounds are not equally effective when in such combination. More research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of treatment and optimize the treatment regimen. In addition, the role of CK2 in gliomagenesis and maintenance seems to have been challenged recently, as some compounds structurally similar to CK2 inhibitors do not inhibit CK2 while still being effective at reducing glioma viability and invasion. Furthermore, some newly developed inhibitors specific for CK2 do not appear to have strong anticancer properties. Further experimental and clinical studies of these inhibitors and combined therapies are warranted.
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132
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Oláh J, Szénási T, Lehotzky A, Norris V, Ovádi J. Challenges in Discovering Drugs That Target the Protein-Protein Interactions of Disordered Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031550. [PMID: 35163473 PMCID: PMC8835748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) outnumber proteins and are crucial to many fundamental processes; in consequence, PPIs are associated with several pathological conditions including neurodegeneration and modulating them by drugs constitutes a potentially major class of therapy. Classically, however, the discovery of small molecules for use as drugs entails targeting individual proteins rather than targeting PPIs. This is largely because discovering small molecules to modulate PPIs has been seen as extremely challenging. Here, we review the difficulties and limitations of strategies to discover drugs that target PPIs directly or indirectly, taking as examples the disordered proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Oláh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.O.); (T.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Tibor Szénási
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.O.); (T.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Attila Lehotzky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.O.); (T.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Victor Norris
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France;
| | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.O.); (T.S.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Barbier-Torres L, Murray B, Yang JW, Wang J, Matsuda M, Robinson A, Binek A, Fan W, Fernández-Ramos D, Lopitz-Otsoa F, Luque-Urbano M, Millet O, Mavila N, Peng H, Ramani K, Gottlieb R, Sun Z, Liangpunsakul S, Seki E, Van Eyk JE, Mato JM, Lu SC. Depletion of mitochondrial methionine adenosyltransferase α1 triggers mitochondrial dysfunction in alcohol-associated liver disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:557. [PMID: 35091576 PMCID: PMC8799735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MATα1 catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, the principal biological methyl donor. Lower MATα1 activity and mitochondrial dysfunction occur in alcohol-associated liver disease. Besides cytosol and nucleus, MATα1 also targets the mitochondria of hepatocytes to regulate their function. Here, we show that mitochondrial MATα1 is selectively depleted in alcohol-associated liver disease through a mechanism that involves the isomerase PIN1 and the kinase CK2. Alcohol activates CK2, which phosphorylates MATα1 at Ser114 facilitating interaction with PIN1, thereby inhibiting its mitochondrial localization. Blocking PIN1-MATα1 interaction increased mitochondrial MATα1 levels and protected against alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and fat accumulation. Normally, MATα1 interacts with mitochondrial proteins involved in TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid β-oxidation. Preserving mitochondrial MATα1 content correlates with higher methylation and expression of mitochondrial proteins. Our study demonstrates a role of CK2 and PIN1 in reducing mitochondrial MATα1 content leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Barbier-Torres
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ben Murray
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jin Won Yang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jiaohong Wang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Michitaka Matsuda
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Aaron Robinson
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Aleksandra Binek
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Wei Fan
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - David Fernández-Ramos
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, CIBERehd, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, CIBERehd, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Maria Luque-Urbano
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, CIBERehd, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, CIBERehd, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nirmala Mavila
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Komal Ramani
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Roberta Gottlieb
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery and Transplant Biology Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jose M Mato
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, CIBERehd, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Shelly C Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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134
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Trembley JH, Li B, Kren BT, Peltola J, Manivel J, Meyyappan D, Gravely A, Klein M, Ahmed K, Caicedo-Granados E. Identification of high protein kinase CK2α in HPV(+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and correlation with clinical outcomes. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12519. [PMID: 34993017 PMCID: PMC8675248 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) incidence is rising worldwide, especially human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated disease. Historically, high levels of protein kinase CK2 were linked with poor outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), without consideration of HPV status. This retrospective study examined tumor CK2α protein expression levels and related clinical outcomes in a cohort of Veteran OPSCC patient tumors which were determined to be predominantly HPV(+). Methods Patients at the Minneapolis VA Health Care System with newly diagnosed primary OPSCC from January 2005 to December 2015 were identified. A total of 119 OPSCC patient tumors were stained for CK2α, p16 and Ki-67 proteins and E6/E7 RNA. CK2α protein levels in tumors and correlations with HPV status and Ki-67 index were assessed. Overall survival (OS) analysis was performed stratified by CK2α protein score and separately by HPV status, followed by Cox regression controlling for smoking status. To strengthen the limited HPV(−) data, survival analysis for HPV(−) HNSCC patients in the publicly available The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PanCancer RNA-seq dataset was determined for CSNK2A1. Results The patients in the study population were all male and had a predominant history of tobacco and alcohol use. This cohort comprised 84 HPV(+) and 35 HPV(−) tumors. CK2α levels were higher in HPV(+) tumors compared to HPV(−) tumors. Higher CK2α scores positively correlated with higher Ki-67 index. OS improved with increasing CK2α score and separately OS was significantly better for those with HPV(+) as opposed to HPV(−) OPSCC. Both remained significant after controlling for smoking status. High CSNK2A1 mRNA levels from TCGA data associated with worse patient survival in HPV(−) HNSCC. Conclusions High CK2α protein levels are detected in HPV(+) OPSCC tumors and demonstrate an unexpected association with improved survival in a strongly HPV(+) OPSCC cohort. Worse survival outcomes for high CSNK2A1 mRNA levels in HPV(−) HNSCC are consistent with historical data. Given these surprising findings and the rising incidence of HPV(+) OPSCC, further study is needed to understand the biological roles of CK2 in HPV(+) and HPV(−) HNSCC and the potential utility for therapeutic targeting of CK2 in these two disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeen H Trembley
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Bin Li
- Otolaryngology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Current affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Roseville Medical Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roseville, CA, United States of America
| | - Betsy T Kren
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Justin Peltola
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Juan Manivel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Devi Meyyappan
- Hematology and Oncology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Current affiliation: University of Texas Medical Branch, University Blvd, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Amy Gravely
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Mark Klein
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Hematology and Oncology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Khalil Ahmed
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Emiro Caicedo-Granados
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Otolaryngology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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135
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Mitra P, Deshmukh AS, Banerjee S, Khandavalli C, Choudhury C. A functionally divergent transcription elongation factor 1-like protein in Toxoplasma gondii. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:112-127. [PMID: 34820838 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Zinc ribbons, one of the largest fold groups among zinc fingers, often include proteins involved in the transcription machinery. Here, we identify and characterize one such zinc ribbon-bearing protein in the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, annotated as putative transcription elongation factor 1 (ELF1), with predicted functions in transcription and chromatin maintenance. We show that this ELF1 homolog, referred to as T. gondii ELF1-like divergent (TgELD), is expressed in both tachyzoite and bradyzoite developmental stages. TgELD associates with the cytoskeleton in the tachyzoites, while it transiently becomes a part of the cyst wall in the early bradyzoites, followed by a cytosolic and peripheral localization in late bradyzoites. TgELD is phosphorylated by a casein kinase 2-like protein, which has potential implications for its localization and function in the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Mitra
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Sneha Banerjee
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Chinmayee Choudhury
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Research and Education, Chandigarh, India
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136
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Xia R, Cheng Y, Han X, Wei Y, Wei X. Ikaros Proteins in Tumor: Current Perspectives and New Developments. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:788440. [PMID: 34950704 PMCID: PMC8689071 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.788440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ikaros is a zinc finger transcription factor (TF) of the Krüppel family member, which significantly regulates normal lymphopoiesis and tumorigenesis. Ikaros can directly initiate or suppress tumor suppressors or oncogenes, consequently regulating the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Over recent decades, a series of studies have been devoted to exploring and clarifying the relationship between Ikaros and associated tumors. Therapeutic strategies targeting Ikaros have shown promising therapeutic effects in both pre-clinical and clinical trials. Nevertheless, the increasingly prominent problem of drug resistance targeted to Ikaros and its analog is gradually appearing in our field of vision. This article reviews the role of Ikaros in tumorigenesis, the mechanism of drug resistance, the progress of targeting Ikaros in both pre-clinical and clinical trials, and the potential use of associated therapy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Xia
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejiao Han
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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137
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The Immune Regulatory Role of Protein Kinase CK2 and Its Implications for Treatment of Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121932. [PMID: 34944749 PMCID: PMC8698504 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase CK2, a constitutively active serine/threonine kinase, fulfills its functions via phosphorylating hundreds of proteins in nearly all cells. It regulates a variety of cellular signaling pathways and contributes to cell survival, proliferation and inflammation. CK2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hematologic and solid cancers. Recent data have documented that CK2 has unique functions in both innate and adaptive immune cells. In this article, we review aspects of CK2 biology, functions of the major innate and adaptive immune cells, and how CK2 regulates the function of immune cells. Finally, we provide perspectives on how CK2 effects in immune cells, particularly T-cells, may impact the treatment of cancers via targeting CK2.
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138
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Birus R, El-Awaad E, Ballentin L, Alchab F, Aichele D, Ettouati L, Götz C, Le Borgne M, Jose J. 4,5,7-Trisubstituted indeno[1,2-b]indole inhibits CK2 activity in tumor cells equivalent to CX-4945 and shows strong anti-migratory effects. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 12:394-411. [PMID: 34873879 PMCID: PMC8804612 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pleiotropic and constitutively active protein kinase CK2 is a key target in cancer therapy, but only one small-molecule inhibitor has reached clinical trials-CX-4945. In this study, we present the indeno[1,2-b]indole derivative 5-isopropyl-4-methoxy-7-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-b]indole-9,10-dione (5a-2) that decreased the intracellular CK2 activity in A431, A549, and LNCaP tumor cell lines analogous to CX-4945 (> 75% inhibition at 20 µm) and similarly blocked CK2-specific Akt phosphorylation in LNCaP cells. Cellular uptake analysis demonstrated higher intracellular concentrations of 5a-2 (408.3 nm) compared with CX-4945 (119.3 nm). This finding clarifies the comparable effects of both compounds on the intracellular CK2 activity despite their different inhibitory potency in vitro [IC50 = 25 nm (5a-2) and 3.7 nm (CX-4945)]. Examination of the effects of both CK2 inhibitors on cancer cells using live-cell imaging revealed notable differences. Whereas CX-4945 showed a stronger pro-apoptotic effect on tumor cells, 5a-2 was more effective in inhibiting tumor cell migration. Our results showed that 49% of intracellular CX-4945 was localized in the nuclear fraction, whereas 71% of 5a-2 was detectable in the cytoplasm. The different subcellular distribution, and thus the site of CK2 inhibition, provides a possible explanation for the different cellular effects. Our study indicates that investigating CK2 inhibition-mediated cellular effects in relation to the subcellular sites of CK2 inhibition may help to improve our understanding of the preferential roles of CK2 within different cancer cell compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Birus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universtität Münster, Germany
| | - Ehab El-Awaad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universtität Münster, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Laurens Ballentin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universtität Münster, Germany
| | - Faten Alchab
- EEA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie-ISPB, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453-INSERM US7, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Manara University, Latakia, Syria
| | - Dagmar Aichele
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universtität Münster, Germany
| | - Laurent Ettouati
- CNRS UMR 5246 Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Faculté de Pharmacie, ISPB, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universtität Münster, Germany
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139
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Machine Learning Models for the Classification of CK2 Natural Products Inhibitors with Molecular Fingerprint Descriptors. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is considered an important target for anti-cancer drugs. Given the structural diversity and broad spectrum of pharmaceutical activities of natural products, numerous studies have been performed to prove them as valuable sources of drugs. However, there has been little study relevant to identifying structural factors responsible for their inhibitory activity against CK2 with machine learning methods. In this study, classification studies were conducted on 115 natural products as CK2 inhibitors. Seven machine learning methods along with six molecular fingerprints were employed to develop qualitative classification models. The performances of all models were evaluated by cross-validation and test set. By taking predictive accuracy(CA), the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC), and (MCC)as three performance indicators, the optimal models with high reliability and predictive ability were obtained, including the Extended Fingerprint-Logistic Regression model (CA = 0.859, AUC = 0.826, MCC = 0.520) for training test andPubChem fingerprint along with the artificial neural model (CA = 0.826, AUC = 0.933, MCC = 0.628) for test set. Meanwhile, the privileged substructures responsible for their inhibitory activity against CK2 were also identified through a combination of frequency analysis and information gain. The results are expected to provide useful information for the further utilization of natural products and the discovery of novel CK2 inhibitors.
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140
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Sano K, Iwasaki Y, Yamashita Y, Irie K, Hosokawa M, Satoh K, Mishima K. Tyrosine 136 phosphorylation of α-synuclein aggregates in the Lewy body dementia brain: involvement of serine 129 phosphorylation by casein kinase 2. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:182. [PMID: 34772466 PMCID: PMC8590312 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine 129 (S129) phosphorylation of α-synuclein (αSyn) is a central feature of Lewy body (LB) disease pathology. Although the neighboring tyrosine residues Y125, Y133, and Y136 are also phosphorylation sites, little is known regarding potential roles of phosphorylation cross-talk between these sites and its involvement in the pathogenesis of LB disease. Here, we found that αSyn aggregates are predominantly phosphorylated at Y136 in the Lewy body dementia brain, which is mediated by unexpected kinase activity of Casein kinase 2 (CK2). Aggregate formation with S129 and Y136 phosphorylation of recombinant αSyn (r-αSyn) were induced by CK2 but abolished by replacement of S129 with alanine (S129A) in vitro. Mutation of Y136 to alanine (Y136A) promoted aggregate formation and S129 phosphorylation of r-αSyn by CK2 in vitro. Introduction of Y136A r-αSyn oligomers into cultured cells exhibited increased levels of aggregates with S129 phosphorylation compared to wild-type r-αSyn oligomers. In addition, aggregate formation with S129 phosphorylation induced by introduction of wild-type r-αSyn oligomers was significantly attenuated by CK2 inhibition, which resulted in an unexpected increase in Y136 phosphorylation in cultured cells. Our findings suggest the involvement of CK2-related αSyn Y136 phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of LB disease and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, 480-1195 Japan
| | - Yuta Yamashita
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Keiichi Irie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Masato Hosokawa
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Katsuya Satoh
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan
| | - Kenichi Mishima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
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141
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Jayaraman PS, Gaston K. Targeting protein kinase CK2 in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:434-447. [PMID: 36045705 PMCID: PMC9400764 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a disease with a very poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Although targeted therapies directed towards specific mutations found in CCA are becoming available and are showing great potential, many tumors do not carry actionable mutations and, in those that do, the emergence of drug resistance is a likely consequence of treatment. Therapeutic targeting of enzymes and other proteins that show elevated activity in CCA cells but which are not altered by mutation is a potential strategy for the treatment of target negative and drug-resistant disease. Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a ubiquitously expressed kinase that has increased expression and increased activity in a variety of cancer types including CCA. Several potent CK2 inhibitors are in pre-clinical development or under assessment in a variety of clinical trials often in combination with drugs that induce DNA damage. This review outlines the importance of CK2 in CCA and assesses the progress that has been made in the evaluation of CK2 inhibition as a treatment strategy in this disease. Targeting CK2 based on the expression levels or activity of this protein and/or in combination with drugs that induce DNA damage or inhibit cell cycle progression, could be a viable option for tumors that lack actionable mutations, or for tumors that develop resistance to targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma-Sheela Jayaraman
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kevin Gaston
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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142
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Targeting CK2 in cancer: a valuable strategy or a waste of time? Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:325. [PMID: 34716311 PMCID: PMC8555718 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CK2 is a protein kinase involved in several human diseases (ranging from neurological and cardiovascular diseases to autoimmune disorders, diabetes, and infections, including COVID-19), but its best-known implications are in cancer, where it is considered a pharmacological target. Several CK2 inhibitors are available and clinical trials are underway in different cancer types. Recently, the suitability of CK2 as a broad anticancer target has been questioned by the finding that a newly developed compound, named SGC-CK2-1, which is more selective than any other known CK2 inhibitor, is poorly effective in reducing cell growth in different cancer lines, prompting the conclusion that the anticancer efficacy of CX-4945, the commonly used clinical-grade CK2 inhibitor, is to be attributed to its off-target effects. Here we perform a detailed scrutiny of published studies on CK2 targeting and a more in-depth analysis of the available data on SGC-CK2-1 vs. CX-4945 efficacy, providing a different perspective about the actual reliance of cancer cells on CK2. Collectively taken, our arguments would indicate that the pretended dispensability of CK2 in cancer is far from having been proved and warn against premature conclusions, which could discourage ongoing investigations on a potentially valuable drug target.
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143
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Wu R, Tang W, Qiu K, Li P, Li Y, Li D, He Z. An Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunological Role of Casein Kinase 2 Alpha Protein 1 (CSNK2A1) in Human Cancers: A Study Based on Bioinformatics and Immunohistochemical Analysis. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6215-6232. [PMID: 34621130 PMCID: PMC8487869 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s330500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although emerging animal- or cell-based evidence supports the relationship between casein kinase 2 alpha protein 1 (CSNK2A1) and cancers, no pan-cancer analysis is available. Thus, this report aimed to display the prognostic landscape of CSNK2A1 in pan-cancer and investigate the relationship between CSNK2A1 and tumor immunity. Methods In the current study, we investigated the expression pattern, genetic alterations and survival analysis of CSNK2A1 in pan-cancer across multiple datasets and online platforms. The correlations between CSNK2A1 expression and tumor immunity were explored and visualized via R language software. Following this, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were conducted in clinical patients for proving the bioinformatic findings. Analysis of protein–protein interaction and gene functional enrichment was conducted using GeneMANIA platform and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), respectively. Results In TCGA, tumor tissue had a higher expression level of CSNK2A1 compared with that in corresponding normal tissue. An increased expression level of CSNK2A1 was related to poor clinical prognosis in most types of cancer such as LIHC. The following expression and survival analysis in clinical liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) patients confirmed these TCGA findings. CSNK2A1 expression had significant positive correlations with pro-tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) like M1-macrophages and fibroblasts, and significant negative correlations with anti-tumor-TIICs like activated CD8+ T cells and NK cells, suggesting specific interactions between CSNK2A1 and certain TIICs subtypes. Furthermore, CSNK2A1 expression had the most significant positive correlations with common markers of immune checkpoint including programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1) in LIHC. These findings were validated by an IHC analysis. GSEA analysis demonstrated that high expression of CSNK2A1 was related to cell signaling pathways and immunity-related activities. Conclusion These findings suggested that CSNK2A1 was not only related to poor clinical prognosis in cancer like LIHC but also a novel immunotherapy-related biomarker in cancers, especially in LIHC, shedding new light on anti-tumor strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinggan Li
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanwen He
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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144
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Chen AW, Biggar K, Nygard K, Singal S, Zhao T, Li C, Nathanielsz PW, Jansson T, Gupta MB. IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation in response to nutrient deprivation is mediated by activation of protein kinase Cα (PKCα). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 536:111400. [PMID: 34314739 PMCID: PMC8634829 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with decreased nutrient availability and reduced insulin-line growth factor (IGF)-I bioavailability via increased IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1 phosphorylation. While protein kinase C (PKC) is implicated in IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation in nutrient deprivation, the mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesised that the interaction of PKCα with protein kinase CK2β and activation of PKCα under leucine deprivation (L0) mediate fetal hepatic IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation. Parallel Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry (PRM-MS) followed by PKCα knockdown demonstrated the PKCα isoform interacts with IGFBP-1 and CK2β under L0. Pharmacological PKCα activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased whereas inhibition with bisindolylmaleimide II (Bis II) decreased IGFBP-1 phosphorylation (Ser101/119/169, Ser98 + 101 and Ser169 + 174), respectively. Furthermore, PMA mimicked L0-induced PKCα translocation and IGFBP-1 expression. PKCα expression was increased in baboon fetal liver in FGR, providing biological relevance in vivo. In summary, we report a novel nutrient-sensitive mechanism for PKCα in mediating IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation in FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan W Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Biggar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Nygard
- Biotron Integrated Microscopy Facility, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sahil Singal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tiffany Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cun Li
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Madhulika B Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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145
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Delgado M, Washam CL, Urbaniak A, Heflin B, Storey AJ, Lan RS, Mackintosh SG, Tackett AJ, Byrum SD, Chambers TC. Phosphoproteomics Provides Novel Insights into the Response of Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells to Microtubule Depolymerization in G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:24949-24959. [PMID: 34604676 PMCID: PMC8482483 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) have been used for the treatment of cancer for many decades and are among the most successful chemotherapeutic agents. However, their application and effectiveness are limited because of toxicity and resistance as well as a lack of knowledge of molecular mechanisms downstream of microtubule inhibition. Insights into key pathways that link microtubule disruption to cell death is critical for optimal use of these drugs, for defining biomarkers useful in patient stratification, and for informed design of drug combinations. Although MTAs characteristically induce death in mitosis, microtubule destabilizing agents such as vincristine also induce death directly in G1 phase in primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Because many signaling pathways regulating cell survival and death involve changes in protein expression and phosphorylation, we undertook a comprehensive quantitative proteomic study of G1 phase ALL cells treated with vincristine. The results revealed distinct alterations associated with c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling, anti-proliferative signaling, the DNA damage response, and cytoskeletal remodeling. Signals specifically associated with cell death were identified by pre-treatment with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, which caused G1 arrest and precluded death induction. These results provide insights into signaling mechanisms regulating cellular responses to microtubule inhibition and provide a foundation for a better understanding of the clinical mechanisms of MTAs and for the design of novel drug combinations. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the PRIDE Archive (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive/) via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD027190 and 10.6019/PXD027190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Delgado
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Charity L. Washam
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Arkansas
Children’s Research Institute, 13 Children’s Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
| | - Alicja Urbaniak
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Billie Heflin
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Aaron J. Storey
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Renny S. Lan
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Samuel G. Mackintosh
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Alan J. Tackett
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Arkansas
Children’s Research Institute, 13 Children’s Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
- Winthrop
P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, 449 Jack Stephens Dr, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United
States
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Arkansas
Children’s Research Institute, 13 Children’s Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
- Winthrop
P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, 449 Jack Stephens Dr, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United
States
| | - Timothy C. Chambers
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Winthrop
P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, 449 Jack Stephens Dr, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United
States
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146
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Appunni S, Gupta D, Rubens M, Ramamoorthy V, Singh HN, Swarup V. Deregulated Protein Kinases: Friend and Foe in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6471-6489. [PMID: 34549335 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of mortality worldwide, but its medical management is still limited to the use of thrombolytics as a lifesaving option. Multiple molecular deregulations of the protein kinase family occur during the period of ischemia/reperfusion. However, experimental studies have shown that alterations in the expression of essential protein kinases and their pharmacological modulation can modify the neuropathological milieu and hasten neurophysiological recovery. This review highlights the role of key protein kinase members and their implications in the evolution of stroke pathophysiology. Activation of ROCK-, MAPK-, and GSK-3β-mediated pathways following neuronal ischemia/reperfusion injury in experimental conditions aggravate the neuropathology and delays recovery. Targeting ROCK, MAPK, and GSK-3β will potentially enhance myelin regeneration, improve blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, and suppress inflammation, which ameliorates neuronal survival. Conversely, protein kinases such as PKA, Akt, PKCα, PKCε, Trk, and PERK salvage neurons post-ischemia by mechanisms including enhanced toxin metabolism, restoring BBB integrity, neurotrophic effects, and apoptosis suppression. Certain protein kinases such as ERK1/2, JNK, and AMPK have favourable and unfavourable effects in salvaging ischemia-injured neurons. Targeting multiple protein kinase-mediated pathways simultaneously may improve neuronal recovery post-ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Appunni
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Deepika Gupta
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Himanshu Narayan Singh
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Vishnu Swarup
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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