101
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Heckler M, Hackert T, Hu K, Halloran CM, Büchler MW, Neoptolemos JP. Severe acute pancreatitis: surgical indications and treatment. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2020; 406:521-535. [PMID: 32910276 PMCID: PMC8106572 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-020-01944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is defined as an acute inflammatory attack of the pancreas of sudden onset. Around 25% of patients have either moderately severe or severe disease with a mortality rate of 15–20%. Purpose The aim of this article was to summarize the advances being made in the understanding of this disease and the important role of surgery. Results and conclusions An accurate diagnosis should be made a soon as possible, initiating resuscitation with large volume intravenous fluids and oxygen by mask. Predicted severe disease will require intensive monitoring. Most deaths within the first week are due to multi-organ failure; thus, these patients will require intensive therapy unit management. During the second phase of the disease, death is due to local complications arising from the pancreatic inflammation, requiring accurate identification to determine the correct form of treatment. Acute peripancreatic fluid collections arise < 4 weeks after onset of interstitial edematous pancreatitis, not requiring any treatment. Most pancreatic pseudocysts arise > 4 weeks and largely resolve on conservative management. Necrotizing pancreatitis causing acute necrotic collections and later walled-off necrosis will require treatment if symptomatic or infected. Initial endoscopic transgastric or percutaneous drainage will resolve less serious collections but necrosectomy using minimally invasive approaches will be needed for more serious collections. To prevent recurrent attacks of AP, causative factors need to be removed where possible such as cholecystectomy and cessation of alcohol. Future progress requires improved management of multi-organ failure and more effective minimally invasive techniques for the removal of necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Heckler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Cristopher M Halloran
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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102
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Lerch MM, Aghdassi AA, Sendler M. Cell Signaling of Pancreatic Duct Pressure and Its Role in the Onset of Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:827-831. [PMID: 32693183 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Ali A Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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103
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Aykut B, Chen R, Kim JI, Wu D, Shadaloey SAA, Abengozar R, Preiss P, Saxena A, Pushalkar S, Leinwand J, Diskin B, Wang W, Werba G, Berman M, Lee SKB, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Saxena D, Coetzee WA, Miller G. Targeting Piezo1 unleashes innate immunity against cancer and infectious disease. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/50/eabb5168. [PMID: 32826342 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abb5168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel that has gained recognition for its role in regulating diverse physiological processes. However, the influence of Piezo1 in inflammatory disease, including infection and tumor immunity, is not well studied. We postulated that Piezo1 links physical forces to immune regulation in myeloid cells. We found signal transduction via Piezo1 in myeloid cells and established this channel as the primary sensor of mechanical stress in these cells. Global inhibition of Piezo1 with a peptide inhibitor was protective against both cancer and septic shock and resulted in a diminution in suppressive myeloid cells. Moreover, deletion of Piezo1 in myeloid cells protected against cancer and increased survival in polymicrobial sepsis. Mechanistically, we show that mechanical stimulation promotes Piezo1-dependent myeloid cell expansion by suppressing the retinoblastoma gene Rb1 We further show that Piezo1-mediated silencing of Rb1 is regulated via up-regulation of histone deacetylase 2. Collectively, our work uncovers Piezo1 as a targetable immune checkpoint that drives immunosuppressive myelopoiesis in cancer and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berk Aykut
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ruonan Chen
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jacqueline I Kim
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dongling Wu
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sorin A A Shadaloey
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Raquel Abengozar
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pamela Preiss
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anjana Saxena
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, New York, NY 11210, USA.,Biology/Biochemistry Programs, Graduate Center (CUNY), New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Smruti Pushalkar
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Joshua Leinwand
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Brian Diskin
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gregor Werba
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Matthew Berman
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Steve Ki Buom Lee
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - William A Coetzee
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - George Miller
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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104
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Sugisawa E, Takayama Y, Takemura N, Kondo T, Hatakeyama S, Kumagai Y, Sunagawa M, Tominaga M, Maruyama K. RNA Sensing by Gut Piezo1 Is Essential for Systemic Serotonin Synthesis. Cell 2020; 182:609-624.e21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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105
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Demir E, Safak O, Friess H, Demir IE. Pain in chronic pancreatitis: mechanics or molecules? Pain Manag 2020; 10:205-208. [PMID: 32677878 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2020-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Okan Safak
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling & Targeting Pancreatic Cance
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling & Targeting Pancreatic Cance.,Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkeyr
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106
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Assaraf E, Blecher R, Heinemann-Yerushalmi L, Krief S, Carmel Vinestock R, Biton IE, Brumfeld V, Rotkopf R, Avisar E, Agar G, Zelzer E. Piezo2 expressed in proprioceptive neurons is essential for skeletal integrity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3168. [PMID: 32576830 PMCID: PMC7311488 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, mutations in the PIEZO2 gene, which encodes for a mechanosensitive ion channel, were found to result in skeletal abnormalities including scoliosis and hip dysplasia. Here, we show in mice that loss of Piezo2 expression in the proprioceptive system recapitulates several human skeletal abnormalities. While loss of Piezo2 in chondrogenic or osteogenic lineages does not lead to human-like skeletal abnormalities, its loss in proprioceptive neurons leads to spine malalignment and hip dysplasia. To validate the non-autonomous role of proprioception in hip joint morphogenesis, we studied this process in mice mutant for proprioceptive system regulators Runx3 or Egr3. Loss of Runx3 in the peripheral nervous system, but not in skeletal lineages, leads to similar joint abnormalities, as does Egr3 loss of function. These findings expand the range of known regulatory roles of the proprioception system on the skeleton and provide a central component of the underlying molecular mechanism, namely Piezo2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Assaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Assaf HaRofeh Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerrifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Ronen Blecher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, 7747629, Israel
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | | | - Sharon Krief
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ron Carmel Vinestock
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Inbal E Biton
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Erez Avisar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Assaf HaRofeh Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerrifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Gabriel Agar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Assaf HaRofeh Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerrifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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107
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Pallagi P, Madácsy T, Varga Á, Maléth J. Intracellular Ca 2+ Signalling in the Pathogenesis of Acute Pancreatitis: Recent Advances and Translational Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114005. [PMID: 32503336 PMCID: PMC7312053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signalling is a major signal transductional pathway in non-excitable cells, responsible for the regulation of a variety of physiological functions. In the secretory epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreas, such as acinar and ductal cells, intracellular Ca2+ elevation regulates digestive enzyme secretion in acini or fluid and ion secretion in ductal cells. Although Ca2+ is a uniquely versatile orchestrator of epithelial physiology, unregulated global elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration is an early trigger for the development of acute pancreatitis (AP). Regardless of the aetiology, different forms of AP all exhibit sustained intracellular Ca2+ elevation as a common hallmark. The release of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores by toxins (such as bile acids or fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs)) or increased intrapancreatic pressure activates the influx of extracellular Ca2+ via the Orai1 Ca2+ channel, a process known as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Intracellular Ca2+ overload can lead to premature activation of trypsinogen in pancreatic acinar cells and impaired fluid and HCO3- secretion in ductal cells. Increased and unbalanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production caused by sustained Ca2+ elevation further contributes to cell dysfunction, leading to mitochondrial damage and cell death. Translational studies of AP identified several potential target molecules that can be modified to prevent intracellular Ca2+ overload. One of the most promising drugs, a selective inhibitor of the Orai1 channel that has been shown to inhibit extracellular Ca2+ influx and protect cells from injury, is currently being tested in clinical trials. In this review, we will summarise the recent advances in the field, with a special focus on the translational aspects of the basic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Pallagi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.M.); (Á.V.)
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamara Madácsy
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.M.); (Á.V.)
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Varga
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.M.); (Á.V.)
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.M.); (Á.V.)
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +36-(62)-342-877 or +36-70-41-66500
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108
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Caolo V, Debant M, Endesh N, Futers TS, Lichtenstein L, Bartoli F, Parsonage G, Jones EA, Beech DJ. Shear stress activates ADAM10 sheddase to regulate Notch1 via the Piezo1 force sensor in endothelial cells. eLife 2020; 9:50684. [PMID: 32484440 PMCID: PMC7295575 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force is a determinant of Notch signalling but the mechanism of force detection and its coupling to Notch are unclear. We propose a role for Piezo1 channels, which are mechanically-activated non-selective cation channels. In cultured microvascular endothelial cells, Piezo1 channel activation by either shear stress or a chemical agonist Yoda1 activated a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10), a Ca2+-regulated transmembrane sheddase that mediates S2 Notch1 cleavage. Consistent with this observation, we found Piezo1-dependent increase in the abundance of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) that depended on ADAM10 and the downstream S3 cleavage enzyme, γ-secretase. Conditional endothelial-specific disruption of Piezo1 in adult mice suppressed the expression of multiple Notch1 target genes in hepatic vasculature, suggesting constitutive functional importance in vivo. The data suggest that Piezo1 is a mechanism conferring force sensitivity on ADAM10 and Notch1 with downstream consequences for sustained activation of Notch1 target genes and potentially other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Caolo
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marjolaine Debant
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Naima Endesh
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - T Simon Futers
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Laeticia Lichtenstein
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Bartoli
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Parsonage
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Av Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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109
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Morley LC, Beech DJ, Walker JJ, Simpson NAB. Emerging concepts of shear stress in placental development and function. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:329-339. [PMID: 30931481 PMCID: PMC6554190 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood flow, and the force it generates, is critical to placental development and function throughout pregnancy. This mechanical stimulation of cells by the friction generated from flow is called shear stress (SS) and is a fundamental determinant of vascular homeostasis, regulating remodelling and vasomotor tone. This review describes how SS is fundamental to the establishment and regulation of the blood flow through the uteroplacental and fetoplacental circulations. Amongst the most recent findings is that alongside the endothelium, embryonic stem cells and the villous trophoblast are mechanically sensitive. A complex balance of forces is required to enable effective establishment of the uteroplacental circulation, while protecting the embryo and placental villi. SS also generates flow-mediated vasodilatation through the release of endothelial nitric oxide, a process vital for adequate placental blood flow. The identification of SS sensors and the mechanisms governing how the force is converted into biochemical signals is a fast-paced area of research, with multiple cellular components under investigation. For example, the Piezo1 ion channel is mechanosensitive in a variety of tissues including the fetoplacental endothelium. Enhanced Piezo1 activity has been demonstrated in response to the Yoda1 agonist molecule, suggesting the possibility for developing tools to manipulate these channels. Whether such agents might progress to novel therapeutics to improve blood flow through the placenta requires further consideration and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Morley
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, UK
| | - D J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, UK
| | - J J Walker
- Academic department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Level, Worsley Building, University of Leeds, UK
| | - N A B Simpson
- Academic department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Level, Worsley Building, University of Leeds, UK
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110
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Swain SM, Romac JMJ, Shahid RA, Pandol SJ, Liedtke W, Vigna SR, Liddle RA. TRPV4 channel opening mediates pressure-induced pancreatitis initiated by Piezo1 activation. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2527-2541. [PMID: 31999644 PMCID: PMC7190979 DOI: 10.1172/jci134111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated pressure in the pancreatic gland is the central cause of pancreatitis following abdominal trauma, surgery, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and gallstones. In the pancreas, excessive intracellular calcium causes mitochondrial dysfunction, premature zymogen activation, and necrosis, ultimately leading to pancreatitis. Although stimulation of the mechanically activated, calcium-permeable ion channel Piezo1 in the pancreatic acinar cell is the initial step in pressure-induced pancreatitis, activation of Piezo1 produces only transient elevation in intracellular calcium that is insufficient to cause pancreatitis. Therefore, how pressure produces a prolonged calcium elevation necessary to induce pancreatitis is unknown. We demonstrate that Piezo1 activation in pancreatic acinar cells caused a prolonged elevation in intracellular calcium levels, mitochondrial depolarization, intracellular trypsin activation, and cell death. Notably, these effects were dependent on the degree and duration of force applied to the cell. Low or transient force was insufficient to activate these pathological changes, whereas higher and prolonged application of force triggered sustained elevation in intracellular calcium, leading to enzyme activation and cell death. All of these pathological events were rescued in acinar cells treated with a Piezo1 antagonist and in acinar cells from mice with genetic deletion of Piezo1. We discovered that Piezo1 stimulation triggered transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 4 (TRPV4) channel opening, which was responsible for the sustained elevation in intracellular calcium that caused intracellular organelle dysfunction. Moreover, TRPV4 gene-KO mice were protected from Piezo1 agonist- and pressure-induced pancreatitis. These studies unveil a calcium signaling pathway in which a Piezo1-induced TRPV4 channel opening causes pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip M. Swain
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Rafiq A. Shahid
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Steven R. Vigna
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rodger A. Liddle
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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111
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Bai WY, Wang L, Ying ZM, Hu B, Xu L, Zhang GQ, Cong PK, Zhu X, Zou W, Zheng HF. Identification of PIEZO1 polymorphisms for human bone mineral density. Bone 2020; 133:115247. [PMID: 31968281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a key indicator for diagnosis and treatment for osteoporosis; the reduction of BMD could increase the risk of osteoporotic fracture. It was very recently found that Piezo1 mediated mechanically evoked responses in bone and further participated in bone formation in mice. Here, we performed cross phenotype meta-analysis for human BMD at lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), distal radius/forearm (FA) and heel and screened out 14 top SNPs for PIEZO1, these SNPs were overlapped with putative enhancers, DNase-I hypersensitive sites and active promoter flanking regions. We found that the signal of the best SNP rs62048221 was mainly from heel ultrasound estimated BMD (-0.02 SD per T allele, P = 8.50E-09), where calcaneus supported most of the mechanical force of body when standing, walking and doing physical exercises. Each copy of the effect allele T of SNP rs62048221 was associated with a decrease of 0.0035 g/cm2 BMD (P = 4.6E-27, SE = 0.0003) in UK Biobank data within 477,760 samples. SNP rs62048221 was located at the enhancer region (HEDD enhancer ID 2331049) of gene PIEZO1, site-directed ChIP assays in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) showed significant enrichment of H3K4me1 and H3K27ac in this region, luciferase assays showed that rs62048221 could significantly affect the activity of the enhancer where it resides. Our results first suggested that SNP rs62048221 might mediate the PIEZO1 expression level via modulating the activity of cis-regulatory elements and then further affect the BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yang Bai
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhi-Min Ying
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Yantai Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Pei-Kuan Cong
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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Razavi M, Zheng F, Telichko A, Ullah M, Dahl J, Thakor AS. Effect of Pulsed Focused Ultrasound on the Native Pancreas. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:630-638. [PMID: 31882169 PMCID: PMC7010559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) utilizes short cycles of sound waves to mechanically shake cells within tissues which, in turn, causes transient local increases in cytokines, growth factors and cell adhesion molecules. Although the effect of pFUS has been investigated in several different organs including the kidney, muscle and heart, its effect on the pancreas has not been investigated. In the present work, we applied pFUS to the rodent pancreas with the following parameters: 1.1-MHz frequency, 5-Hz pulse repetition frequency, 5% duty cycle, 10-ms pulse length, 160-s duration. Low-intensity pFUS had a spatial average temporal average intensity of 11.5 W/cm2 and a negative peak pressure of 3 MPa; high-intensity pFUS had a spatial average temporal average intensity of 18.5 W/cm2 and negative peak pressure of 4 MPa. Here we found that pFUS changed the expression of several cytokines while having no effect on the underlying tissue histology or health of pancreatic cells (as reflected by no significant change in plasma levels of amylase and lipase). Furthermore, we found that this effect on cytokine expression in the pancreas was acoustic intensity dependent; while pFUS at low intensities turned off the expression of several cytokines, at high intensities it had the opposite effect and turned on the expression of these cytokines. The ability to non-invasively manipulate the microenvironment of the pancreas using sound waves could have profound implications for priming and modulating this organ for the application of cellular therapies in the context of both regenerative medicine (i.e., diabetes and pancreatitis) and oncology (i.e., pancreatic cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Razavi
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA; Biionix (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Fengyang Zheng
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA; Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Arsenii Telichko
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Jeremy Dahl
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
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113
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Wang Z, Li Y, Hou B, Pronobis MI, Wang M, Wang Y, Cheng G, Weng W, Wang Y, Tang Y, Xu X, Pan R, Lin F, Wang N, Chen Z, Wang S, Ma LZ, Li Y, Huang D, Jiang L, Wang Z, Zeng W, Zhang Y, Du X, Lin Y, Li Z, Xia Q, Geng J, Dai H, Yu Y, Zhao XD, Yuan Z, Yan J, Nie Q, Zhang X, Wang K, Chen F, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Zheng S, Poss KD, Tao SC, Meng X. An array of 60,000 antibodies for proteome-scale antibody generation and target discovery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax2271. [PMID: 32195335 PMCID: PMC7065887 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are essential for elucidating gene function. However, affordable technology for proteome-scale antibody generation does not exist. To address this, we developed Proteome Epitope Tag Antibody Library (PETAL) and its array. PETAL consists of 62,208 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against 15,199 peptides from diverse proteomes. PETAL harbors binders for a great multitude of proteins in nature due to antibody multispecificity, an intrinsic antibody feature. Distinctive combinations of 10,000 to 20,000 mAbs were found to target specific proteomes by array screening. Phenotype-specific mAb-protein pairs were found for maize and zebrafish samples. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry mAbs for membrane proteins and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing mAbs for transcription factors were identified from respective proteome-binding PETAL mAbs. Differential screening of cell surface proteomes of tumor and normal tissues identified internalizing tumor antigens for antibody-drug conjugates. By finding high-affinity mAbs at a fraction of current time and cost, PETAL enables proteome-scale antibody generation and target discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shanxi 710069, China
- Abmart, 333 Guiping Road, Shanghai 200033, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bing Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shanxi 710069, China
- Abmart, 333 Guiping Road, Shanghai 200033, China
| | - Mira I. Pronobis
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Yuemeng Wang
- Abmart, 333 Guiping Road, Shanghai 200033, China
| | | | - Weining Weng
- Abmart, 333 Guiping Road, Shanghai 200033, China
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- Abmart, 333 Guiping Road, Shanghai 200033, China
| | - Yanfang Tang
- Abmart, 333 Guiping Road, Shanghai 200033, China
| | - Xuefan Xu
- Abmart, 333 Guiping Road, Shanghai 200033, China
| | - Rong Pan
- Abmart, 333 Guiping Road, Shanghai 200033, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Abmart, 333 Guiping Road, Shanghai 200033, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziqing Chen
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Luyan zulie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yangrui Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Dongliang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450009, China
| | - Wenfang Zeng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450009, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450009, China
| | - Xuemei Du
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shanxi 710069, China
| | - Xiao-dong Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Yan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qinghua Nie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shanxi 710069, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxian Zhu
- Institute for Advanced Studies and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Susan Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sheng-ce Tao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xun Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shanxi 710069, China
- Abmart, 333 Guiping Road, Shanghai 200033, China
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114
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Gunin AG, Golubtzova NN. Role of the Mechanosensitive Protein Piezo1 in Age-Dependent Changes in the Number of Fibroblasts and Blood Vessels in Human Skin. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057019040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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115
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Kuntze A, Goetsch O, Fels B, Najder K, Unger A, Wilhelmi M, Sargin S, Schimmelpfennig S, Neumann I, Schwab A, Pethő Z. Protonation of Piezo1 Impairs Cell-Matrix Interactions of Pancreatic Stellate Cells. Front Physiol 2020; 11:89. [PMID: 32116794 PMCID: PMC7033545 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an acidic and fibrotic stroma. The extracellular matrix (ECM) causing the fibrosis is primarily formed by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). The effects of the altered biomechanics and pH landscape in the pathogenesis of PDAC, however, are poorly understood. Mechanotransduction in cells has been linked to the function of mechanosensitive ion channels such as Piezo1. Here, we tested whether this channel plays crucial roles in transducing mechanical signals in the acidic PDAC microenvironment. We performed immunofluorescence, Ca2+ influx and intracellular pH measurements in PSCs and complemented them by live-cell imaging migration experiments in order to assess the function of Piezo1 channels in PSCs. We evaluated whether Piezo1 responds to changes of extracellular and/or intracellular pH in the pathophysiological range (pH 6.6 and pH 6.9, respectively). We validated our results using Piezo1-transfected HEK293 cells as a model system. Indeed, acidification of the intracellular space severely inhibits Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ influx into PSCs. In addition, stimulation of Piezo1 channels with its activator Yoda1 accelerates migration of PSCs on a two-dimensional ECM as well as in a 3D setting. Furthermore, Yoda1-activated PSCs transmit more force to the surrounding ECM under physiological pH, as revealed by measuring the dislocation of microbeads embedded in the surrounding matrix. This is paralleled by an enhanced phosphorylation of myosin light chain isoform 9 after Piezo1 stimulation. Intriguingly, upon acidification, Piezo1 activation leads to the initiation of cell death and disruption of PSC spheroids. In summary, stimulating Piezo1 activates PSCs by inducing Ca2+ influx which in turn alters the cytoskeletal architecture. This results in increased cellular motility and ECM traction, which can be useful for the cells to invade the surroundings and to detach from the tissue. However, in the presence of an acidic extracellular pH, although net Ca2+ influx is reduced, Piezo1 activation leads to severe cell stress also limiting cellular viability. In conclusion, our results indicate a strong interdependence between environmental pH, the mechanical output of PSCs and stromal mechanics, which promotes early local invasion of PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kuntze
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ole Goetsch
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karolina Najder
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Unger
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Sargin
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Ilka Neumann
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Zoltan Pethő
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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116
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Andolfo I, Rosato BE, Manna F, De Rosa G, Marra R, Gambale A, Girelli D, Russo R, Iolascon A. Gain-of-function mutations in PIEZO1 directly impair hepatic iron metabolism via the inhibition of the BMP/SMADs pathway. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:188-197. [PMID: 31737919 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHS), or xerocytosis, is an autosomal dominant hemolytic anemia. Most patients with DHS carry mutations in the PIEZO1 gene encoding a mechanosensitive cation channel. We here demonstrate that patients with DHS have low levels of hepcidin and only a slight increase of ERFE, the erythroid negative regulator of hepcidin. We demonstrated that at the physiological level, PIEZO1 activation induced Ca2+ influx and suppression of HAMP expression in primary hepatocytes. In two hepatic cellular models expressing PIEZO1 WT and two PIEZO1 gain-of-function mutants (R2456H and R2488Q), we highlight altered expression of a few genes/proteins involved in iron metabolism. Mutant cells showed increased intracellular Ca2+ compared to WT, which was correlated to increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, inhibition of the BMP-SMADs pathway, and suppression of HAMP transcription. Moreover, the HuH7 cells, treated with PD0325901, a potent inhibitor of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 with the consequent increased phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8, confirming the link between the two pathways. Another "proof of concept" for the mechanism that links PIEZO1 to HAMP regulation was obtained by mimicking PIEZO1 activation by cell Ca2+ overload, by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. There was strong down-regulation of HAMP gene expression after this Ca2+ overload. Finally, the inhibition of PIEZO1 by GsMTx4 leads to phenotype rescue. This is the first demonstration of a direct link between PIEZO1 and iron metabolism, which defines the channel as a new hepatic iron metabolism regulator and as a possible therapeutic target of iron overload in DHS and other iron-loading anemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Andolfo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie MedicheUniversità degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’ Naples Italy
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate Naples Italy
| | - Barbara Eleni Rosato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie MedicheUniversità degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’ Naples Italy
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate Naples Italy
| | - Francesco Manna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie MedicheUniversità degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’ Naples Italy
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate Naples Italy
| | - Gianluca De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie MedicheUniversità degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’ Naples Italy
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate Naples Italy
| | - Roberta Marra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie MedicheUniversità degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’ Naples Italy
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate Naples Italy
| | - Antonella Gambale
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie MedicheUniversità degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’ Naples Italy
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate Naples Italy
| | - Domenico Girelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie MedicheUniversità degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’ Naples Italy
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate Naples Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie MedicheUniversità degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’ Naples Italy
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate Naples Italy
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117
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Xiao B. Levering Mechanically Activated Piezo Channels for Potential Pharmacological Intervention. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 60:195-218. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mechanically activated Piezo channels, including Piezo1 and Piezo2 in mammals, function as key mechanotransducers for converting mechanical force into electrochemical signals. This review highlights key evidence for the potential of Piezo channel drug discovery. First, both mouse and human genetic studies have unequivocally demonstrated the prominent role of Piezo channels in various mammalian physiologies and pathophysiologies, validating their potential as novel therapeutic targets. Second, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the 2,547-residue mouse Piezo1 trimer has been determined, providing a solid foundation for studying its structure-function relationship and drug action mechanisms and conducting virtual drug screening. Third, Piezo1 chemical activators, named Yoda1 and Jedi1/2, have been identified through high-throughput screening assays, demonstrating the drugability of Piezo channels. However, the pharmacology of Piezo channels is in its infancy. By establishing an integrated drug discovery platform, we may hopefully discover and develop a fleet of Jedi masters for battling Piezo-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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118
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Song A, Lu L, Li Y, Lin M, Yuan X, Cheng X, Xia W, Wang O, Xing X. Low HbA1c With Normal Hemoglobin in a Diabetes Patient Caused by PIEZO1 Gene Variant: A Case Report. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:356. [PMID: 32636802 PMCID: PMC7318866 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a global disease with rapidly increasing prevalence in the world. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as an important indicator of diabetes could reflect the average serum glucose level over 120 days. However, when using HbA1c to diagnose diabetes, it is important to consider other factors that may impact HbA1c level including age, race/ethnicity, detection method, and co-morbidities. Here we report a case of diabetes with normal hemoglobin but reduced HbA1c. Case report: A 57-year-old female patient was diagnosed with diabetes by oral glucose tolerance test results. However, the HbA1c level was repeatedly decreased, glycated albumin level was high, with normal levels of hemoglobin and albumin, and a slightly elevated level of bilirubin. Moreover, life span of red blood cells was significantly shortened. Further examination of whole exome sequencing of the patient and her daughter showed heterozygous variant in PIEZO1 gene (c.6017T > A) in both, which is associated with dehydration hereditary stomatocytosis (DHS). After this diagnosis, we changed nateglinide to sitagliptin to reduce the burden of the pancreas islet function. Conclusion: In case of abnormally low HbA1c, we recommend that GA and reticulocyte should be measured simultaneously. Moreover, the methodology for hemoglobin measurement and the diseases that could cause abnormal quantity and quality of red blood cells and hemoglobin be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Song
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Lu
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Department of Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqi Cheng
- Department of Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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119
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Mouse pancreatic ductal organoid culture as a relevant model to study exocrine pancreatic ion secretion. J Transl Med 2020; 100:84-97. [PMID: 31409889 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic exocrine secretory processes are challenging to investigate on primary epithelial cells. Pancreatic organoid cultures may help to overcome shortcomings of the current models, however the ion secretory processes in pancreatic organoids-and therefore their physiological relevance or their utility in disease modeling-are not known. To answer these questions, we provide side-by-side comparison of gene expression, morphology, and function of epithelial cells in primary isolated pancreatic ducts and organoids. We used mouse pancreatic ductal fragments for experiments or were grown in Matrigel to obtain organoid cultures. Using PCR analysis we showed that gene expression of ion channels and transporters remarkably overlap in primary ductal cells and organoids. Morphological analysis with scanning electron microscopy revealed that pancreatic organoids form polarized monolayers with brush border on the apical membrane. Whereas the expression and localization of key proteins involved in ductal secretion (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Na+/H+ exchanger 1 and electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransporter 1) are equivalent to the primary ductal fragments. Measurements of intracellular pH and Cl- levels revealed no significant difference in the activities of the apical Cl-/HCO3- exchange, or in the basolateral Na+ dependent HCO3- uptake. In summary we found that ion transport activities in the mouse pancreatic organoids are remarkably similar to those observed in freshly isolated primary ductal fragments. These results suggest that organoids can be suitable and robust model to study pancreatic ductal epithelial ion transport in health and diseases and facilitate drug development for secretory pancreatic disorders like cystic fibrosis, or chronic pancreatitis.
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120
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Deivasikamani V, Dhayalan S, Abudushalamu Y, Mughal R, Visnagri A, Cuthbertson K, Scragg JL, Munsey TS, Viswambharan H, Muraki K, Foster R, Sivaprasadarao A, Kearney MT, Beech DJ, Sukumar P. Piezo1 channel activation mimics high glucose as a stimulator of insulin release. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16876. [PMID: 31727906 PMCID: PMC6856185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose and hypotonicity induced cell swelling stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β-cells but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, Piezo1 was identified as a mechanically-activated nonselective Ca2+ permeable cationic channel in a range of mammalian cells. As cell swelling induced insulin release could be through stimulation of Ca2+ permeable stretch activated channels, we hypothesised a role for Piezo1 in cell swelling induced insulin release. Two rat β-cell lines (INS-1 and BRIN-BD11) and freshly-isolated mouse pancreatic islets were studied. Intracellular Ca2+ measurements were performed using the fura-2 Ca2+ indicator dye and ionic current was recorded by whole cell patch-clamp. Piezo1 agonist Yoda1, a competitive antagonist of Yoda1 (Dooku1) and an inactive analogue of Yoda1 (2e) were used as chemical probes. Piezo1 mRNA and insulin secretion were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA respectively. Piezo1 mRNA was detected in both β-cell lines and mouse islets. Yoda1 evoked Ca2+ entry was inhibited by Yoda1 antagonist Dooku1 as well as other Piezo1 inhibitors gadolinium and ruthenium red, and not mimicked by 2e. Yoda1, but not 2e, stimulated Dooku1-sensitive insulin release from β-cells and pancreatic islets. Hypotonicity and high glucose increased intracellular Ca2+ and enhanced Yoda1 Ca2+ influx responses. Yoda1 and hypotonicity induced insulin release were significantly inhibited by Piezo1 specific siRNA. Pancreatic islets from mice with haploinsufficiency of Piezo1 released less insulin upon exposure to Yoda1. The data show that Piezo1 channel agonist induces insulin release from β-cell lines and mouse pancreatic islets suggesting a role for Piezo1 in cell swelling induced insulin release. Hence Piezo1 agonists have the potential to be used as enhancers of insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Deivasikamani
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Savitha Dhayalan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Yilizila Abudushalamu
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Romana Mughal
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Asjad Visnagri
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Cuthbertson
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Jason L Scragg
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Tim S Munsey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Hema Viswambharan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Asipu Sivaprasadarao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Piruthivi Sukumar
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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121
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Beech DJ, Kalli AC. Force Sensing by Piezo Channels in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2228-2239. [PMID: 31533470 PMCID: PMC6818984 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are fundamental in cardiovascular biology, and deciphering the mechanisms by which they act remains a testing frontier in cardiovascular research. Here, we raise awareness of 2 recently discovered proteins, Piezo1 and Piezo2, which assemble as transmembrane triskelions to combine exquisite force sensing with regulated calcium influx. There is emerging evidence for their importance in endothelial shear stress sensing and secretion, NO generation, vascular tone, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, vascular permeability and remodeling, blood pressure regulation, insulin sensitivity, exercise performance, and baroreceptor reflex, and there are early suggestions of relevance to cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes. Human genetic analysis points to significance in lymphatic disease, anemia, varicose veins, and potentially heart failure, hypertension, aneurysms, and stroke. These channels appear to be versatile force sensors, used creatively to inform various force-sensing situations. We discuss emergent concepts and controversies and suggest that the potential for new important understanding is substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Beech
- From the Department of Discovery and Translational Science, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Antreas C. Kalli
- From the Department of Discovery and Translational Science, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, England, United Kingdom
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122
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Stewart TA, Davis FM. Formation and Function of Mammalian Epithelia: Roles for Mechanosensitive PIEZO1 Ion Channels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:260. [PMID: 31750303 PMCID: PMC6843007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces play important roles in shaping mammalian development. In the embryo, cells experience force both during the formation of the mammalian body plan and in the ensuing phase of organogenesis. Physical forces - including fluid flow, compression, radial pressure, contraction, and osmotic pressure - continue to play central roles as organs mature, function, and ultimately dysfunction. Multiple mechanisms exist to receive, transduce, and transmit mechanical forces in mammalian epithelial tissues and to integrate these cues, which can both fluctuate and coincide, with local and systemic chemical signals. Drawing near a decade since the discovery of the bona fide mechanically activated ion channel, PIEZO1, we discuss in this mini-review established and emerging roles for this protein in the form and function of mammalian epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneale A. Stewart
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felicity M. Davis
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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123
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Mammalian Mechanoelectrical Transduction: Structure and Function of Force-Gated Ion Channels. Cell 2019; 179:340-354. [PMID: 31585078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of force into an electrical cellular signal is mediated by the opening of different types of mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs), including TREK/TRAAK K2P channels, Piezo1/2, TMEM63/OSCA, and TMC1/2. Mechanoelectrical transduction plays a key role in hearing, balance, touch, and proprioception and is also implicated in the autonomic regulation of blood pressure and breathing. Thus, dysfunction of MSCs is associated with a variety of inherited and acquired disease states. Significant progress has recently been made in identifying these channels, solving their structure, and understanding the gating of both hyperpolarizing and depolarizing MSCs. Besides prototypical activation by membrane tension, additional gating mechanisms involving channel curvature and/or tethered elements are at play.
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124
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Using Yoda-1 to mimic laminar flow in vitro: A tool to simplify drug testing. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:473-480. [PMID: 31437459 PMCID: PMC6852096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium is an attractive drug target and an important site of adverse drug reactions. Endothelial dysfunction is strongly associated with inflammation and contributes to drug-induced cardiovascular toxicity. Endothelial cells in the circulation are exposed to haemodynamic forces including shear stress. Including shear stress may improve future endothelial cell drug discovery or toxicity screening. Piezo-1 is required for endothelial cells to respond to shear stress. In this study, we investigated whether a small molecule activator of Piezo-1, Yoda-1, can mimic the effect of laminar flow-induced shear stress on endothelial cell inflammation, and endothelial cytotoxicity in response to the chemotherapy agent, doxorubicin. First, we tested whether Yoda-1 could mimic the effects of shear stress of expression of the endothelial adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured in static conditions (with or without Yoda-1) or under laminar flow-induced shear stress (5 dyn/cm2). Yoda-1 and laminar flow had similar anti-inflammatory effects, reducing the ability of TNF-α to induce ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. We then tested whether Yoda-1 could mimic the effect of shear stress on doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. Both laminar flow and Yoda-1 treatment of static cultures increased the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin. These findings show that Piezo-1 activation with Yoda-1 in static culture leads to an endothelial cell phenotype that mimics endothelial cells under laminar flow. Pharmacological activation of Piezo-1 may be a useful approach to mimic constant shear stress in static cultures, which may improve endothelial drug discovery and toxicity testing.
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125
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Morley LC, Shi J, Gaunt HJ, Hyman AJ, Webster PJ, Williams C, Forbes K, Walker JJ, Simpson NAB, Beech DJ. Piezo1 channels are mechanosensors in human fetoplacental endothelial cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:510-520. [PMID: 30085186 PMCID: PMC6311101 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the shear stress sensing ion channel subunit Piezo1 have an important mechanotransduction role in human fetoplacental endothelium? SUMMARY ANSWER Piezo1 is present and functionally active in human fetoplacental endothelial cells, and disruption of Piezo1 prevents the normal response to shear stress. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Shear stress is an important stimulus for maturation and function of placental vasculature but the molecular mechanisms by which the force is detected and transduced are unclear. Piezo1 channels are Ca2+-permeable non-selective cationic channels which are critical for shear stress sensing and maturation of murine embryonic vasculature. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS We investigated the relevance of Piezo1 to placental vasculature by studying human fetoplacental endothelial cells (FpECs) from healthy pregnancies. Endothelial cells were isolated from placental cotyledons and cultured, for the study of tube formation and cell alignment to shear stress. In addition, human placental arterial endothelial cells were isolated and studied immediately by patch-clamp electrophysiology. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The synthetic Piezo1 channel agonist Yoda1 caused strong elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration with a 50% effect occurring at about 5.4 μM. Knockdown of Piezo1 by RNA interference suppressed the Yoda1 response, consistent with it being mediated by Piezo1 channels. Alignment of cells to the direction of shear stress was also suppressed by Piezo1 knockdown without loss of cell viability. Patch-clamp recordings from freshly isolated endothelium showed shear stress-activated single channels which were characteristic of Piezo1. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The in vitro nature of fetoplacental endothelial cell isolation and subsequent culture may affect FpEC characteristics and PIEZO1 expression. In addition to Piezo1, alternative shear stress sensing mechanisms have been suggested in other systems and might also contribute in the placenta. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These data suggest that Piezo1 is an important molecular determinant of blood flow sensitivity in the placenta. Establishing and manipulating the molecular mechanisms regulating shear stress sensing could lead to novel therapeutic strategies to improve blood flow in the placenta. LARGE-SCALE DATA Not applicable. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) LCM was funded by a Clinical Research Training Fellowship from the Medical Research Council and by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, and has received support from a Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund. JS was supported by the Wellcome Trust and a BHF Intermediate Research Fellowship. HJG, CW, AJH and PJW were supported by PhD Studentships from BHF, BBSRC and the Leeds Teaching Hospitals Charitable Foundation respectively. All authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Morley
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - J Shi
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - H J Gaunt
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - A J Hyman
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - P J Webster
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - C Williams
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - K Forbes
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - J J Walker
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Level 9 Worsley Building, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - N A B Simpson
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Level 9 Worsley Building, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
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126
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Musa G, Cazorla‐Vázquez S, Amerongen MJ, Stemmler MP, Eckstein M, Hartmann A, Braun T, Brabletz T, Engel FB. Gpr126 (Adgrg6)
is expressed in cell types known to be exposed to mechanical stimuli. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1456:96-108. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gentian Musa
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of NephropathologyInstitute of Pathology, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Salvador Cazorla‐Vázquez
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of NephropathologyInstitute of Pathology, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Machteld J. Amerongen
- Department of Cardiac Development and RemodellingMax‐Planck‐Institute for Heart and Lung Research Bad Nauheim Germany
| | - Marc P. Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus‐Fiebiger‐CenterFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Department of Pathology and AnatomyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Department of Pathology and AnatomyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and RemodellingMax‐Planck‐Institute for Heart and Lung Research Bad Nauheim Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus‐Fiebiger‐CenterFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Felix B. Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of NephropathologyInstitute of Pathology, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
- Department of Cardiac Development and RemodellingMax‐Planck‐Institute for Heart and Lung Research Bad Nauheim Germany
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127
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Mayerle J, Sendler M, Hegyi E, Beyer G, Lerch MM, Sahin-Tóth M. Genetics, Cell Biology, and Pathophysiology of Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1951-1968.e1. [PMID: 30660731 PMCID: PMC6903413 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first trypsinogen mutation in families with hereditary pancreatitis, pancreatic genetics has made rapid progress. The identification of mutations in genes involved in the digestive protease-antiprotease pathway has lent additional support to the notion that pancreatitis is a disease of autodigestion. Clinical and experimental observations have provided compelling evidence that premature intrapancreatic activation of digestive proteases is critical in pancreatitis onset. However, disease course and severity are mostly governed by inflammatory cells that drive local and systemic immune responses. In this article, we review the genetics, cell biology, and immunology of pancreatitis with a focus on protease activation pathways and other early events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mayerle
- Medical Department II, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany,Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eszter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Georg Beyer
- Medical Department II, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Miklós Sahin-Tóth
- Center for Exocrine Disorders, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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128
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Pethő Z, Najder K, Bulk E, Schwab A. Mechanosensitive ion channels push cancer progression. Cell Calcium 2019; 80:79-90. [PMID: 30991298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In many cases, the mechanical properties of a tumor are different from those of the host tissue. Mechanical cues regulate cancer development by affecting both tumor cells and their microenvironment, by altering cell migration, proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling and metastatic spread. Cancer cells sense mechanical stimuli such as tissue stiffness, shear stress, tissue pressure of the extracellular space (outside-in mechanosensation). These mechanical cues are transduced into a cellular response (e. g. cell migration and proliferation; inside-in mechanotransduction) or to a response affecting the microenvironment (e. g. inducing a fibrosis or building up growth-induced pressure; inside-out mechanotransduction). These processes heavily rely on mechanosensitive membrane proteins, prominently ion channels. Mechanosensitive ion channels are involved in the Ca2+-signaling of the tumor and stroma cells, both directly, by mediating Ca2+ influx (e. g. Piezo and TRP channels), or indirectly, by maintaining the electrochemical gradient necessary for Ca2+ influx (e. g. K2P, KCa channels). This review aims to discuss the diverse roles of mechanosenstive ion channels in cancer progression, especially those involved in Ca2+-signaling, by pinpointing their functional relevance in tumor pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Pethő
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Karolina Najder
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Etmar Bulk
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
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129
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Yao P, Zhao H, Cao J, Chen L. Piezo1: a novel mechanism of pressure-induced pancreatitis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:344-345. [PMID: 30668612 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pingbo Yao
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiangang Cao
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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130
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Zhao C, Sun Q, Tang L, Cao Y, Nourse JL, Pathak MM, Lu X, Yang Q. Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Piezo1 Regulates Diet-Induced Adipose Inflammation and Systemic Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:373. [PMID: 31263454 PMCID: PMC6584899 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes function as an energy buffer and undergo significant size and volume changes in response to nutritional cues. This adipocyte plasticity is important for systemic lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Accompanying the adipocyte size and volume changes, the mechanical pressure against cell membrane also changes. However, the role that mechanical pressure plays in lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity remains to be elucidated. Here we show that Piezo1, a mechanically-activated cation channel stimulated by membrane tension and stretch, was highly expressed in adipocytes. Adipose Piezo1 expression was increased in obese mice. Adipose-specific piezo1 knockout mice (adipose-Piezo1-/-) developed insulin resistance, especially when challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). Perigonadal white adipose tissue (pgWAT) weight was reduced while pro-inflammatory and lipolysis genes were increased in the pgWAT of HFD-fed adipose-Piezo1-/- mice. The adipose-Piezo1-/- mice also developed hepatic steatosis with elevated expression of fatty acid synthesis genes. In cultured adipocytes, Piezo1 activation decreased, while Piezo1 inhibition elevated pro-inflammatory gene expression. TLR4 antagonist TAK-242 abolished adipocyte inflammation induced by Piezo1 inhibition. Thus, adipose Piezo1 may serve as an adaptive mechanism for adipocyte plasticity restraining pro-inflammatory response in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiushi Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Lingyi Tang
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jamison L. Nourse
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Systems Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Medha M. Pathak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Systems Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Lu
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Qin Yang
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131
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Papalazarou V, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Machesky LM. Tissue engineering the cancer microenvironment-challenges and opportunities. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1695-1711. [PMID: 30406572 PMCID: PMC6297082 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensing is increasingly recognised as important for tumour progression. Tumours become stiff and the forces that normally balance in the healthy organism break down and become imbalanced, leading to increases in migration, invasion and metastatic dissemination. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how extracellular matrix properties, such as stiffness, viscoelasticity and architecture control cell behaviour. In addition, we discuss how the tumour microenvironment can be modelled in vitro, capturing these mechanical aspects, to better understand and develop therapies against tumour spread. We argue that by gaining a better understanding of the microenvironment and the mechanical forces that govern tumour dynamics, we can make advances in combatting cancer dormancy, recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Papalazarou
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research and Institute of cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- The Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research and Institute of cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
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132
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Wen L, Javed TA, Yimlamai D, Mukherjee A, Xiao X, Husain SZ. Transient High Pressure in Pancreatic Ducts Promotes Inflammation and Alters Tight Junctions via Calcineurin Signaling in Mice. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1250-1263.e5. [PMID: 29928898 PMCID: PMC6174093 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (PEP) is thought to be provoked by pancreatic ductal hypertension, via unknown mechanisms. We investigated the effects of hydrostatic pressures on the development of pancreatitis in mice. METHODS We performed studies with Swiss Webster mice, B6129 mice (controls), and B6129 mice with disruption of the protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, βisoform gene (Cnab-/- mice). Acute pancreatitis was induced in mice by retrograde biliopancreatic ductal or intraductal infusion of saline with a constant hydrostatic pressure while the proximal common bile duct was clamped -these mice were used as a model of PEP. Some mice were given pancreatic infusions of adeno-associated virus 6-nuclear factor of activated T-cells-luciferase to monitor calcineurin activity or the calcineurin inhibitor FK506. Blood samples and pancreas were collected at 6 and 24 hours and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histology, immunohistochemistry, or fluorescence microscopy. Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial permeability were measured in pancreatic acinar cells isolated 15 minutes after PEP induction. Ca2+-activated phosphatase calcineurin within the pancreas was tracked in vivo over 24 hours. RESULTS Intraductal pressures of up to 130 mm Hg were observed in the previously reported model of PEP; we found that application of hydrostatic pressures of 100 and 150 mm Hg for 10 minutes consistently induced pancreatitis. Pancreatic tissues had markers of inflammation (increased levels of interleukin [IL] 6, IL1B, and tumor necrosis factor), activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, increased serum amylase and IL6, and loss of tight junction integrity. Transiently high pressures dysregulated Ca2+ processing (reduced Ca2+ oscillations and an increased peak plateau Ca2+ signal) and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. We observed activation of pancreatic calcineurin in the pancreas in mice. Cnab-/- mice, which lack the catalytic subunit of calcineurin, and mice given FK506 did not develop pressure-induced pancreatic inflammation, edema, or loss of tight junction integrity. CONCLUSIONS Transient high ductal pressure produces pancreatic inflammation and loss of tight junction integrity in a mouse model of PEP. These processes require calcineurin signaling. Calcineurin inhibitors might be used to prevent acute pancreatitis that results from obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tanveer A Javed
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sohail Z Husain
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Yang Q, Zhou Y, Wang J, Fu W, Li X. Study on the mechanism of excessive apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells induced by shRNA-Piezo1 under abnormal mechanical stretch stress. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3989-3997. [PMID: 30260030 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore the mechanism of excessive apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells induced by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) Piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) under abnormal mechanical stretch stress. METHODS In vitro mechanical stretch stress model of nucleus pulposus cells in vitro was established, in which the expression of Piezo1 was interfered by transfection of shRNA-Piezo1 interfering vector. Both messenger RNA and protein level of Piezo1 were measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ was detected by Fluo3-AM kit, and changes of mitochondrial membrane potential in cells were detected using Cell Meter Assay kit. Finally, the apoptosis was evaluated with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate kit. RESULTS The highest transfection efficiency of lentivirus titer was 1 × 10 TU/mL and the nucleus pulposus cells were transfected with plural multiplicity of infection = 50. Homo-3201 sequence exhibited the most effective silencing effect and was used in subsequent experiments as the default sequence of shRNA-Piezo1. The calcium content in the cytoplasm of the tension stress group increased significantly compared with that in the blank control group ( q = 3.773; P < 0.05). The level of cytosolic calcium in shRNA-interference group was significantly lower than that in stretch stress group ( q = 5.159; P < 0.05). Stretch stress treatment resulted in an elevated ratio of mitochondrial membrane potential turnover as opposed to blank control group ( q = 4.332; P < 0.05), while shRNA-interference group showed smaller ratio of mitochondrial membrane potential turnover than that in stretch stress group ( q = 4.974; P < 0.05). Similar results were also observed in apoptosis rate analysis ( q = 3.175; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ShRNA-Piezo1 can protect cells by reducing the level of intracellular Ca2+ and the change of mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qining Yang
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yongwei Zhou
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Weicong Fu
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
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