101
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Schauser NS, Nikolaev A, Richardson PM, Xie S, Johnson K, Susca EM, Wang H, Seshadri R, Clément R, Read de Alaniz J, Segalman RA. Glass Transition Temperature and Ion Binding Determine Conductivity and Lithium-Ion Transport in Polymer Electrolytes. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:104-109. [PMID: 35548991 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer electrolytes with high Li+-ion conductivity provide a route toward improved safety and performance of Li+-ion batteries. However, most polymer electrolytes suffer from low ionic conduction and an even lower Li+-ion contribution to the conductivity (the transport number, t+), with the anion typically transporting over 80% of the charge. Here, we show that subtle and potentially undetected associations within a polymer electrolyte can entrain both the anion and the cation. When removed, the conductivity performance of the electrolyte can be improved by almost 2 orders of magnitude. Importantly, while some of this improvement can be attributed to a decreased glass transition temperature, Tg, the removal of the amide functional group reduces interactions between the polymer and the Li+ cations, doubling the Li+ t+ to 0.43, as measured using pulsed-field-gradient NMR. This work highlights the importance of strategic synthetic design and emphasizes the dual role of Tg and ion binding for the development of polymer electrolytes with increased total ionic conductivity and the Li+ ion contribution to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Schauser
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrei Nikolaev
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Peter M. Richardson
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Shuyi Xie
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Keith Johnson
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ethan M. Susca
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ram Seshadri
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Raphaële J. Clément
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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102
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Fan J, Huang J, Gong Z, Cao L, Chen Y. Toward Robust, Tough, Self-Healable Supramolecular Elastomers for Potential Application in Flexible Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1135-1144. [PMID: 33372758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A robust, tough, and self-healable elastomer is a promising candidate for substrate in flexible electronic devices, but there is often a trade-off between mechanical properties (robustness and toughness) and self-healing. Here, a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) supramolecular elastomer is developed based on metal-coordinated bonds with relatively high activation energy. The strong metal-coordination complexes and their corresponding ionic clusters acting as the cross-linking points strengthen the resultant supramolecular networks, which achieves superior mechanical robustness (2.81 MPa), and their consecutive dynamic rupture and reconstruction efficiently dissipate strain energy during the stretching process, which leads to an impressive fracture toughness (32 MJ/m3). Additionally, the reversible intermolecular interactions (weak hydrogen bonds and strong sacrificial coordination complexes/clusters) can break and re-form upon heating; thus, the elastomer self-heals at a moderate temperature with the highest healing efficiency of 95%. As such, the potential of the as-prepared supramolecular elastomer for a substrate material of flexible electronic devices is discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Fan
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiarong Huang
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhou Gong
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
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103
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Zheng N, Xu Y, Zhao Q, Xie T. Dynamic Covalent Polymer Networks: A Molecular Platform for Designing Functions beyond Chemical Recycling and Self-Healing. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1716-1745. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, People’s Republic of China
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104
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Zhang Y, Wu Y, Li J, Zhang K. Catalyst-free room-temperature self-healing polymer networks based on dynamic covalent quinone methide-secondary amine chemistry. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00957e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel type of dynamic covalent polymer network with a catalyst-free room-temperature self-healing ability was developed on a new dynamic covalent chemistry of aza-Michael addition between para-quinone methide and secondary amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxing Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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105
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Wang Y, Xiao Y, Fu X, Jiang L, Yuan A, Xu H, Wei Z, Lei Y, Lei J. A permanent covalent bond-crosslinked thermosetting polymer with room-temperature autonomous self-healing performance. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04330g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A room-temperature autonomous self-healing thermosetting polymer was prepared by crosslinking hydroxylated hyperbranched polymer with permanent covalent bonds for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Anqian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hualiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingxin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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106
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Song K, Ye W, Gao X, Fang H, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Yang S, Wei H, Ding Y. Synergy between dynamic covalent boronic ester and boron-nitrogen coordination: strategy for self-healing polyurethane elastomers at room temperature with unprecedented mechanical properties. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:216-223. [PMID: 34821300 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Achieving mechanical robustness and highly efficient self-healing simultaneously at room temperature is always a formidable challenge for polymeric materials. Herein, a series of novel supramolecular polyurethane elastomers (SPUEs) are developed by incorporating dynamic covalent boronic ester and boron-nitrogen (B-N) coordination. The SPUEs demonstrate the highest tensile toughness (∼182.2 MJ m-3) to date for room-temperature self-healable polymers, as well as an excellent ultimate tensile strength (∼10.5 MPa) and ultra-high fracture energy (∼72 100 J m-2), respectively, owing to a synergetic quadruple dynamic mechanism. It is revealed that the B-N coordination not only facilitates the formation and dissociation of boronic ester at room temperature but also dramatically enhances the mechanical properties by the intermolecular coordinated chain crosslinking and intramolecular coordinated chain folding. Meanwhile, the B-N coordination and urethane hydrogen interaction also serve as sacrificial bonds, which rupture during stretching to dissipate energy and recover after release, leading to superior notch insensitiveness and recoverability. The SPUEs restore their mechanical robustness after self-healing at room temperature and the self-healing efficiency can be dramatically accelerated by surface wetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
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107
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Deriabin KV, Ignatova NA, Kirichenko SO, Novikov AS, Islamova RM. Nickel(II)-pyridinedicarboxamide-co-polydimethylsiloxane complexes as elastic self-healing silicone materials with reversible coordination. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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108
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Jing T, Heng X, Guifeng X, Ling C, Pingyun L, Xiaode G. Highly stretchable, high efficiency room temperature self-healing polyurethane adhesive based on hydrogen bonds – applicable to solid rocket propellants. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00439e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of weak hydrogen bonds based on the isophorone structure enables the polymer to have high stretchability and self-healing ability at room temperature to heal propellant damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Jing
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xu Heng
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xiang Guifeng
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Chen Ling
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Li Pingyun
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Guo Xiaode
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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109
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Wang X, Zhan S, Lu Z, Li J, Yang X, Qiao Y, Men Y, Sun J. Healable, Recyclable, and Mechanically Tough Polyurethane Elastomers with Exceptional Damage Tolerance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2005759. [PMID: 33175420 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a huge requirement of elastomers for use in tires, seals, and shock absorbers every year worldwide. In view of a sustainable society, the next generation of elastomers is expected to combine outstanding healing, recycling, and damage-tolerant capacities with high strength, elasticity, and toughness. However, it remains challenging to fabricate such elastomers because the mechanisms for the properties mentioned above are mutually exclusive. Herein, the fabrication of healable, recyclable, and mechanically tough polyurethane (PU) elastomers with outstanding damage tolerance by coordination of multiblock polymers of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/polycaprolactone (PCL) containing hydrogen and coordination bonding motifs with Zn2+ ions is reported. The organization of bipyridine groups coordinated with Zn2+ ions, carbamate groups cross-linked with hydrogen bonds, and crystallized PCL segments generates phase-separated dynamic hierarchical domains. Serving as rigid nanofillers capable of deformation and disintegration under an external force, the dynamic hierarchical domains can strengthen the elastomers and significantly enhance their toughness and fracture energy. As a result, the elastomers exhibit a tensile strength of ≈52.4 MPa, a toughness of ≈363.8 MJ m-3 , and an exceptional fracture energy of ≈192.9 kJ m-2 . Furthermore, the elastomers can be conveniently healed and recycled to regain their original mechanical properties and integrity under heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yongna Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Men
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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110
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Yang Q, Li Q, Liu Z, Wang D, Guo Y, Li X, Tang Y, Li H, Dong B, Zhi C. Dendrites in Zn-Based Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001854. [PMID: 33103828 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous Zn batteries that provide a synergistic integration of absolute safety and high energy density have been considered as highly promising energy-storage systems for powering electronics. Despite the rapid progress made in developing high-performance cathodes and electrolytes, the underestimated but non-negligible dendrites of Zn anode have been observed to shorten battery lifespan. Herein, this dendrite issue in Zn anodes, with regard to fundamentals, protection strategies, characterization techniques, and theoretical simulations, is systematically discussed. An overall comparison between the Zn dendrite and its Li and Al counterparts, to highlight their differences in both origin and topology, is given. Subsequently, in-depth clarifications of the specific influence factors of Zn dendrites, including the accumulation effect and the cathode loading mass (a distinct factor for laboratory studies and practical applications) are presented. Recent advances in Zn dendrite protection are then comprehensively summarized and categorized to generate an overview of respective superiorities and limitations of various strategies. Accordingly, theoretical computations and advanced characterization approaches are introduced as mechanism guidelines and measurement criteria for dendrite suppression, respectively. The concluding section emphasizes future challenges in addressing the Zn dendrite issue and potential approaches to further promoting the lifespan of Zn batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhuoxin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xinliang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yongchao Tang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Binbin Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Center for Advanced Nuclear Safety and Sustainable Development, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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111
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Yu HC, Zheng SY, Fang L, Ying Z, Du M, Wang J, Ren KF, Wu ZL, Zheng Q. Reversibly Transforming a Highly Swollen Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel to an Extremely Tough One and its Application as a Tubular Grasper. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2005171. [PMID: 33150633 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) and its copolymer hydrogels are typical polyelectrolyte gels with extremely high swelling capacity that are widely used in industry. It's common to consider these hydrogels as weak materials that are difficult to toughen. Reported here is a facile strategy to transform swollen and weak poly(acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) [P(AAm-co-AMPS)] hydrogels to tough ones by forming strong sulfonate-Zr4+ metal-coordination complexes. The resultant hydrogels with moderate water content possess high stiffness, strength, and fracture energy, which can be tuned over 3-4 orders of magnitude by controlling the composition and metal-to-ligand ratio. Owing to the dynamic nature of the coordination bonds, these hydrogels show rate- and temperature-dependent mechanical performances, as well as good self-recovery properties. This strategy is universal, as manifested by the drastically improved mechanical properties of hydrogels of various natural and synthetic sulfonate-containing polymers. The toughened hydrogels can be converted to the original swollen ones by breaking up the metal-coordination complexes in alkaline solutions. The reversible brittle-tough transition and concomitant dramatic volume change of polyelectrolyte hydrogels afford diverse applications, as demonstrated by the design of a tubular grasper with holding force a thousand times its own weight for objects with different geometries. It is envisioned that these hydrogels enable versatile applications in the biomedical and engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Chao Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Si Yu Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lingtao Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhimin Ying
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Miao Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ke-Feng Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zi Liang Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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112
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Wu H, Jin B, Wang H, Wu W, Cao Z, Wu J, Huang G. A Degradable and Self-Healable Vitrimer Based on Non-isocyanate Polyurethane. Front Chem 2020; 8:585569. [PMID: 33195082 PMCID: PMC7604760 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.585569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing degradable and self-healable elastomers composed of reusable resources is of great value but is rarely reported because of the undegradable molecular chains. Herein, we report a class of degradable and self-healable vitrimers based on non-isocyanate polyurethane elastomer. Such vitrimers are fabricated by copolymerizing bis(6-membered cyclic carbonate) and amino-terminated liquid nitrile rubber. The networks topologies can rearrange by transcarbonation exchange reactions between hydroxyl and carbonate groups at elevated temperatures; as such, vitrimers after reprocessing can recover 82.9–95.6% of initial tensile strength and 59–131% of initial storage modulus. Interestingly, the networks can be hydrolyzed and decarbonated in the strong acid solution to recover 75% of the pure di(trimethylolpropane) monomer. Additionally, the elastomer exhibits excellent self-healing efficiency (~88%) and fracture strain (~1,200%) by tuning the monomer feeding ratio. Therefore, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the sustainable elastomers with minimum environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biqiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangsu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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113
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Wang W, Liu Z, Guo Z, Zhang J, Li C, Qiu S, Lei X, Zhang Q. Hydrogen Bonding-Derived Healable Polyacrylate Elastomers via On-demand Copolymerization of n-Butyl Acrylate and tert-Butyl Acrylate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50812-50822. [PMID: 33118819 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a desirable combination of good mechanical properties and healing efficiency is a great challenge in the development of self-healing elastomers. Herein, a class of tough and strong self-healing polyacrylate elastomers (denoted as HPs) was developed simply by free-radical copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate (nBA) and tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) and a subsequent hydrolysis reaction rather than direct copolymerization of nBA and acrylic acid (AA). The tiny difference in reactivity between nBA and tBA makes the structural units of the copolymer easy to control. Precise regulation of molecular composition can be realized just by varying the relative monomer content, making its mechanical properties to vary from ductile to robust. Strikingly, when HP samples are cut off within the gauge length, they can heal into coherent and smooth samples and recover at least 79% of the original strength. Hydrogen bond interactions serve as physical cross-linking points, contributing to the high mechanical performance (fracture energy of up to 73.78 MJ·m-3 and tensile strength of up to 17.80 MPa) as well as shape memory function. Moreover, the HP samples emit strong fluorescence when exposed to a 365 nm UV lamp and exhibit an aggregation-enhanced emission effect in the state of dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zongxu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xingfeng Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
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114
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Tough Double Metal-ion Cross-linked Elastomers with Temperature-adaptable Self-healing and Luminescence Properties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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115
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Yang Y, Dang Z, Li Q, He J. Self-Healing of Electrical Damage in Polymers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002131. [PMID: 33173739 PMCID: PMC7610274 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are widely used as dielectric components and electrical insulations in modern electronic devices and power systems in the industrial sector, transportation, and large appliances, among others, where electrical damage of the materials is one of the major factors threatening the reliability and service lifetime. Self-healing dielectric polymers, an emerging category of materials capable of recovering dielectric and insulating properties after electrical damage, are of promise to address this issue. This paper aims at summarizing the recent progress in the design and synthesis of self-healing dielectric polymers. The current understanding to the process of electrical degradation and damage in dielectric polymers is first introduced and the critical requirements in the self-healing of electrical damage are proposed. Then the feasibility of using self-healing strategies designed for repairing mechanical damage in the healing of electrical damage is evaluated, based on which the challenges and bottleneck issues are pointed out. The emerging self-healing methods specifically designed for healing electrical damage are highlighted and some useful mechanisms for developing novel self-healing dielectric polymers are proposed. It is concluded by providing a brief outlook and some potential directions in the future development toward practical applications in electronics and the electric power industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Power SystemDepartment of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Present address:
Simpson Querrey InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA
| | - Zhi‐Min Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Power SystemDepartment of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power SystemDepartment of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jinliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Power SystemDepartment of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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116
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Zhang L, Kumar KS, He H, Cai CJ, He X, Gao H, Yue S, Li C, Seet RCS, Ren H, Ouyang J. Fully organic compliant dry electrodes self-adhesive to skin for long-term motion-robust epidermal biopotential monitoring. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4683. [PMID: 32943621 PMCID: PMC7499260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wearable dry electrodes are needed for long-term biopotential recordings but are limited by their imperfect compliance with the skin, especially during body movements and sweat secretions, resulting in high interfacial impedance and motion artifacts. Herein, we report an intrinsically conductive polymer dry electrode with excellent self-adhesiveness, stretchability, and conductivity. It shows much lower skin-contact impedance and noise in static and dynamic measurement than the current dry electrodes and standard gel electrodes, enabling to acquire high-quality electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in various conditions such as dry and wet skin and during body movement. Hence, this dry electrode can be used for long-term healthcare monitoring in complex daily conditions. We further investigated the capabilities of this electrode in a clinical setting and realized its ability to detect the arrhythmia features of atrial fibrillation accurately, and quantify muscle activity during deep tendon reflex testing and contraction against resistance. Reported wearable dry electrodes have limited long-term use due to their imperfect skin compliance and high motion artifacts. Here, the authors report an intrinsically conductive, stretchable polymer dry electrode with excellent self-adhesiveness for long-term high-quality biopotential detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Faculty of gineering, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Kirthika Senthil Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Faculty of Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Hao He
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Faculty of gineering, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Catherine Jiayi Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Faculty of Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR Singapore, Fusionopolis Two, 4 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138635, Singapore
| | - Xu He
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Faculty of gineering, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Huxin Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Faculty of Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Faculty of gineering, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Changsheng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Faculty of Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems & School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Raymond Chee-Seong Seet
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongliang Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Faculty of Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou, China. .,The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Robotics Institute, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Jianyong Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Faculty of gineering, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore.
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117
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Qu Q, Wang H, He J, Qin T, Da Y, Tian X. Analysis of the microphase structure and performance of self-healing polyurethanes containing dynamic disulfide bonds. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9128-9139. [PMID: 32926046 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-healable polyurethanes can be used in various fields for extended service life and reduced maintenance costs. It is generally believed that the shape memory effect is helpful for achieving a high healing efficiency. The morphological features were focused on in this study as microphase separation is one of the main factors affecting various performances of polyurethanes, including their shape memory behavior and mechanical properties. Microphase separation can be regulated by changing the content and types of the hard segments. With this in mind, polyurethanes from polycaprolactone diol, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and different chain extenders were synthesized, characterized, and designed as promising self-healing polymers. All the polyurethane specimens were equipped with a similar content of hard segments but diverse types, such as aliphatic, aromatic, and disulfide-bonded. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to describe the microstructures of the polyurethanes, including the crystalline regions. The relationship between the microphase separation structures and material properties was focused on in this examination. Various properties, including the thermal stability, mechanical behavior, hydrophobicity, and self-healing efficiency showed significant differences due to the change in the hard segments' structure and multiphase distribution. The aliphatic disulfide stimulated the conformation of a proper microphase separation structure (the large heterogeneous structure at physical length scales as well as a more sufficient combination of soft and hard phases), which helped to improve the healing effect as much as possible by effective wound closure and the exchange reactions of disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Qu
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China. and Hefei Institute of Technology Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Qin
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yunsheng Da
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xingyou Tian
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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118
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Lyu Z, Wu T. Extremely Stretchable Vitrimers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000265. [PMID: 32691936 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitrimers are covalent adaptable networks, having many interesting versatile abilities with unprecedented potentials. Here, the combination of a low-Tg polymer system with dioxaborolane metathesis is used to develop catalyst-free vitrimers that can be stretched to more than 8900× their original length at a moderate stretching rate (≈50 mm min-1 ). Superstretchable vitrimers are prepared from biodegradable xylitol-based polyol oligomers and cross-linked by dioxaborolane linkages. They are also found to be remarkable in terms of mechanical strength and other properties, such as malleability, self-healing ability, puncture resistance, and processing stability. Furthermore, the repeated rearrangements of dioxaborolane linkages and hydrogen bonds give rise to efficient energy dissipation with a maximum efficiency of 88%, allowing the superstretchable vitrimers to be promising for energy absorbing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Lyu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Tongfei Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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119
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Yu H, Feng Y, Gao L, Chen C, Zhang Z, Feng W. Self-Healing High Strength and Thermal Conductivity of 3D Graphene/PDMS Composites by the Optimization of Multiple Molecular Interactions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huitao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yiyu Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Long Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Can Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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120
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Panda P, Dutta A, Ganguly D, Chattopadhyay S, Das RK. Engineering hydrophobically associated hydrogels with rapid self‐recovery and tunable mechanical properties using metal‐ligand interactions. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prachishree Panda
- Materials Science Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India
| | - Agniva Dutta
- Materials Science Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India
| | - Debabrata Ganguly
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India
| | | | - Rajat K. Das
- Materials Science Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India
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121
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Li CH, Zuo JL. Self-Healing Polymers Based on Coordination Bonds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903762. [PMID: 31599045 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing ability is an important survival feature in nature, with which living beings can spontaneously repair damage when wounded. Inspired by nature, people have designed and synthesized many self-healing materials by encapsulating healing agents or incorporating reversible covalent bonds or noncovalent interactions into a polymer matrix. Among the noncovalent interactions, the coordination bond is demonstrated to be effective for constructing highly efficient self-healing polymers. Moreover, with the presence of functional metal ions or ligands and dynamic metal-ligand bonds, self-healing polymers can show various functions such as dielectrics, luminescence, magnetism, catalysis, stimuli-responsiveness, and shape-memory behavior. Herein, the recent developments and achievements made in the field of self-healing polymers based on coordination bonds are presented. The advantages of coordination bonds in constructing self-healing polymers are highlighted, the various metal-ligand bonds being utilized in self-healing polymers are summarized, and examples of functional self-healing polymers originating from metal-ligand interactions are given. Finally, a perspective is included addressing the promises and challenges for the future development of self-healing polymers based on coordination bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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122
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Wang W, Wang F, Zhang C, Wang Z, Tang J, Zeng X, Wan X. Robust, Reprocessable, and Reconfigurable Cellulose-Based Multiple Shape Memory Polymer Enabled by Dynamic Metal-Ligand Bonds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:25233-25242. [PMID: 31578850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Smart materials with multiple shape memory capacities have gradually attracted the interest of a lot of researchers due to their potential application in textiles, smart actuators, and aerospace engineering. However, the design and sustainable synthesis of multiple shape memory polymers (SMPs) simultaneously possessing robust mechanical strength, reprocessability, and reconfigurability still remain full of challenges. Starting from a readily available biomass material cellulose, a well-defined SMP, cellulose-graft-poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-1-vinylimidazole) copolymer (Cell-g-(BA-co-VI)) was facilely synthesized by addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) and the subsequent metallosupramolecular cross-linking. Taking advantage of the dynamic bonding, i.e., the rapid reversible fragmentation and the formation of metal ion-imidazole coordination, polymer networks with highly tunable mechanical properties, excellent solid-state plasticity, and quadruple-shape memory capacity are handily attainable. Microscopically, the metal-ligand clusters have a strong tendency to phase segregate from the soft grafted copolymers indicated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and these serve as netpoints to construct novel SMPs. This article represents our new exploration of the next-generation SMPs based on cellulose backbone where carrying with supramolecular cross-linked soft grafted copolymers. This architecture design allows achieving robust, reprocessable, and reconfigurable thermoplastic SMPs that are difficult to realize by many other methods. Integrating these properties into one system in a synergetic manner also provides a novel approach to the high value addition application of cellulose in the fabrication of advanced functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230052, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Zhongkai Wang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P. R. China
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123
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Room-temperature autonomous self-healing glassy polymers with hyperbranched structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11299-11305. [PMID: 32381742 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glassy polymers are extremely difficult to self-heal below their glass transition temperature (T g) due to the frozen molecules. Here, we fabricate a series of randomly hyperbranched polymers (RHP) with high density of multiple hydrogen bonds, which show T g up to 49 °C and storage modulus up to 2.7 GPa. We reveal that the hyperbranched structure not only allows the external branch units and terminals of the molecules to have a high degree of mobility in the glassy state, but also leads to the coexistence of "free" and associated complementary moieties of hydrogen bonds. The free complementary moieties can exchange with the associated hydrogen bonds, enabling network reconfiguration in the glassy polymer. As a result, the RHP shows amazing instantaneous self-healing with recovered tensile strength up to 5.5 MPa within 1 min, and the self-healing efficiency increases with contacting time at room temperature without the intervention of external stimuli.
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124
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Guo H, Han Y, Zhao W, Yang J, Zhang L. Universally autonomous self-healing elastomer with high stretchability. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2037. [PMID: 32341363 PMCID: PMC7184568 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing autonomous self-healing materials for applications in harsh conditions is challenging because the reconstruction of interaction in material for self-healing will experience significant resistance and fail. Herein, a universally self-healing and highly stretchable supramolecular elastomer is designed by synergistically incorporating multi-strength H-bonds and disulfide metathesis in polydimethylsiloxane polymers. The resultant elastomer exhibits high stretchability for both unnotched (14000%) and notched (1300%) samples. It achieves fast autonomous self-healing under universal conditions, including at room temperature (10 min for healing), ultralow temperature (-40 °C), underwater (93% healing efficiency), supercooled high-concentrated saltwater (30% NaCl solution at -10 °C, 89% efficiency), and strong acid/alkali environment (pH = 0 or 14, 88% or 84% efficiency). These properties are attributable to synergistic interaction of the dynamic strong and weak H-bonds and stronger disulfide bonds. A self-healing and stretchable conducting device built with the developed elastomer is demonstrated, thereby providing a direction for future e-skin applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Guo
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao, 266235, P. R. China
| | - Yi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Zhao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao, 266235, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
- Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao, 266235, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
- Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao, 266235, P. R. China.
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125
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Zou W, Tao Y, Kraka E. Describing Polytopal Rearrangements of Fluxional Molecules with Curvilinear Coordinates Derived from Normal Vibrational Modes: A Conceptual Extension of Cremer-Pople Puckering Coordinates. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:3162-3193. [PMID: 32208729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work a new curvilinear coordinate system is presented for the comprehensive description of polytopal rearrangements of N-coordinate compounds (N = 4-7) and systems containing an N-coordinate subunit. It is based on normal vibrational modes and a natural extension of the Cremer-Pople puckering coordinates ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 1354) together with the Zou-Izotov-Cremer deformation coordinates ( J. Phys. Chem. A 2011, 115, 8731) for ring structures to N-coordinate systems. We demonstrate that the new curvilinear coordinates are ideal reaction coordinates describing fluxional rearrangement pathways by revisiting the Berry pseudorotation and the lever mechanism in sulfur tetrafluoride, the Berry pseudorotation and two Muetterties' mechanisms in pentavalent compounds, the chimeric pseudorotation in iodine pentafluoride, Bailar and Ray-Dutt twists in hexacoordinate tris-chelates as well as the Bartell mechanism in iodine heptafluoride. The results of our study reveal that this dedicated curvilinear coordinate system can be applied to most coordination compounds opening new ways for the systematic modeling of fluxional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Yunwen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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126
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Li P, Xia Y, Hao J, Wang X. Transient Healability of Metallosupramolecular Polymer Networks Mediated by Kinetic Control of Competing Chemical Reactions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yuguo Xia
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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127
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Miwa Y, Kurachi J, Sugino Y, Udagawa T, Kutsumizu S. Toward strong self-healing polyisoprene elastomers with dynamic ionic crosslinks. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3384-3394. [PMID: 32073111 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00058b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To compromise high mechanical strength and efficient self-healing capability in an elastomer with dynamic crosslinks, optimization of the molecular structure is crucial in addition to the tuning of the dynamic properties of the crosslinks. Herein, we studied the effects of molecular weight, content of carboxy groups, and neutralization level of ionically crosslinked polyisoprene (PI) elastomers on their morphology, network rearrangement behavior, and self-healing and mechanical properties. In this PI elastomer, nanosized sphere-shaped ionic aggregates are formed by both neutralized and non-neutralized carboxy groups that act as stickers. The number density of the ionic aggregates that act as physical crosslinks increased with increase in the stickers' concentration, although the size of the ionic aggregates was independent of the molecular weight and the stickers' concentration. The ionic network was dynamically rearranged by the stickers' hopping between the ionic aggregates, and the rearrangement was accelerated by decreasing the neutralization level. We found that the 2Rg of the PI must be significantly larger than the average distance between the ionic aggregates to obtain a mechanically strong PI elastomer. We also found that further increase in the molecular weight is effective to enhance the dimensional stability of the elastomer. However, this approach reduced the elastomer's self-healing rate at the same time because the diffusion and randomization of the polymer chains between the damaged faces were reduced. In this work, we clearly demonstrated the principle in the optimization of the molecular structure for the ionically crosslinked PI elastomers to tune the mechanical and autonomous self-healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Junosuke Kurachi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sugino
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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128
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Yin Q, Jia H, Mohamed A, Ji Q, Hong L. Highly flexible and mechanically strong polyaniline nanostructure @ aramid nanofiber films for free-standing supercapacitor electrodes. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5507-5520. [PMID: 32091058 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09272b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for the fabrication of flexible electrochemical capacitors is to prepare robust electrode materials with excellent integration of high specific capacitances and superior mechanical properties. Aramid nanofibers (ANFs) are emerging candidates for constructing flexible electrode materials due to their superior mechanical properties. However, the present ANF based electrode materials are generally designed by mixing ANFs with electrochemically active components, which results in an unfavorable trade-off in mechanical and electrochemical properties. In this work, we reported flexible, mechanically strong, and free-standing supercapacitor electrodes based on polyaniline (PANI) nanostructure functionalized ANF films for the first time. The flexible PANI@ANF film electrodes achieved an efficient combination of mechanical and electrochemical performance in a single platform with a specific capacitance of 441.0 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 and a tensile strength of 233.3 MPa, respectively. This kind of free-standing electrode material may have great potential in the development of flexible energy-storage devices. Furthermore, we anticipate that this study may provide insight into the functionalization of aramid nanofiber-based materials for structural energy and power systems with high mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yin
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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129
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Fan W, Jin Y, Shi L, Du W, Zhou R. Transparent, eco-friendly, super-tough “living” supramolecular polymers with fast room-temperature self-healability and reprocessability under visible light. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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130
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Fan W, Jin Y, Shi L, Du W, Zhou R, Lai S, Shen Y, Li Y. Achieving Fast Self-Healing and Reprocessing of Supertough Water-Dispersed "Living" Supramolecular Polymers Containing Dynamic Ditelluride Bonds under Visible Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6383-6395. [PMID: 31903744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is very challenging to achieve polymers that are mechanically robust and fast self-healable at ambient conditions, which are highly desirable for smart materials of the next-generation. Herein, combining dynamic ditelluride bonds and 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) moieties in the main chains, a novel type of visible-light-induced self-healing water-dispersed supramolecular polymers (DTe-WSPs) with outstanding healing properties were developed. The prepared DTe-WSPs emulsions showed excellent emulsion stability, and highly transparent DTe-WSPs films obtained from these emulsions exhibited much improved mechanical properties and fast recoverability after the incorporation of UPy groups, owing to the physical cross-links formed by quadruple hydrogen-bonded UPy moieties. Supertoughness (105.2 MJ m-3) and fast self-healability under visible light (healing efficiency of 85.6% within 10 min) could be achieved simultaneously with the adjustment of the ditelluride content and the UPy content, and the toughness of our polymers is higher than those of the reported ambient temperature self-healable polymers. The visible-light-induced ditelluride metathesis is a predominant factor in the healing process of DTe-WSPs, and the ditelluride metathesis triggered by photothermy and hydrogen bonding could also afford the ultimate healing result. Meanwhile, DTe-WSPs can be reprocessed using visible light, providing a facile way to process polymers at mild conditions. To our surprise, the "living" DTe-WSPs exhibited the ability to initiate the polymerization of vinyl monomers under visible light, which is first reported for water-dispersed self-healing polymers. We considered the elaborated design philosophy, based on the readily available, clean, safe, and easily manipulated visible light, which can not only provide inspiration for preparing fast ambient temperature self-healing and reprocessing polymer materials with robust mechanical properties but also develop a new macroinitiator to initiate the ambient temperature polymerization of vinyl monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhou Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of High-Tech Organic Fibers of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Textile Scientific Research Institute , No. 2, Twelve Bridge Road , Chengdu 610072 , China
| | - Yong Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Liangjie Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Weining Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Rong Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Shuanquan Lai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Yichao Shen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Yupeng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
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131
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Zhao PC, Li W, Huang W, Li CH. A Self-Healing Polymer with Fast Elastic Recovery upon Stretching. Molecules 2020; 25:E597. [PMID: 32019143 PMCID: PMC7037885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of polymers that exhibit both good elasticity and self-healing properties is a highly challenging task. In spite of this, the literature reports highly stretchable self-healing polymers, but most of them exhibit slow elastic recovery behavior, i.e., they can only recover to their original length upon relaxation for a long time after stretching. Herein, a self-healing polymer with a fast elastic recovery property is demonstrated. We used 4-[tris(4-formylphenyl)methyl]benzaldehyde (TFPM) as a tetratopic linker to crosslink a poly(dimethylsiloxane) backbone, and obtained a self-healing polymer with high stretchability and fast elastic recovery upon stretching. The strain at break of the as-prepared polymer is observed at about 1400%. The polymer can immediately recover to its original length after being stretched. The damaged sample can be healed at room temperature with a healing efficiency up to 93% within 1 h. Such a polymer can be used for various applications, such as functioning as substrates or matrixes in soft actuators, electronic skins, biochips, and biosensors with prolonged lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China (W.L.)
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China (W.L.)
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China (W.L.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Cheng-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China (W.L.)
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132
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Ye G, Song Z, Yu T, Tan Q, Zhang Y, Chen T, He C, Jin L, Liu N. Dynamic Ag-N Bond Enhanced Stretchable Conductor for Transparent and Self-Healing Electronic Skin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1486-1494. [PMID: 31793286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable conductors have been achieved by stacking conductive nanomaterials onto the surfaces of elastomeric substrates. However, many of them show a dramatic decrease in conductivity under strain without an efficient way for the conductive layer to release strain. Here, we report a transparent, stretchable, and self-healing conductor with excellent mechanoelectrical stability by introducing dynamic bonding between conductive nanomaterials and an elastomeric substrate. We prepare the conductor by semiembedding Ag nanowires (AgNWs) into a self-healing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based elastomer, which is modified with bipyridine (Bpy) ligand and further cross-linked by adding Zn2+ as coordinator (Zn-Bpy-PDMS). The dynamic Ag-N bonds not only improve the wettability of the substrate and facilitate the spreading of AgNWs but also reversibly break and reform to accommodate the deformation of AgNWs. As a result, the resistance increase of Zn-Bpy-PDMS/AgNWs is much smaller than that without the dynamic bonding (PDMS/AgNWs). Besides, this conductor exhibits excellent conductivity (76.2 Ω/sq) and transparency (86.6% @ 550 nm), as well as extraordinary self-healing property with a low resistance increase (ΔR/R0 ∼ 1.4) after healing at room temperature for 1 day. This work provides insights into the future design of integrated electronic skin with transparency, stretchability, conductivity, and self-healing capability for applications in wearable optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Zizheng Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Tianhao Yu
- Beijing Graphene Institute , Beijing 100094 , P. R. China
| | - Qishuo Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Tinglei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Changcheng He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Lihua Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Nan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute , Beijing 100094 , P. R. China
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133
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Fan W, Jin Y, Shi L. Mechanically robust and tough waterborne polyurethane films based on diselenide bonds and dual H-bonding interactions with fast visible-light-triggered room-temperature self-healability. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00897d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic but mechanically robust and tough polymer network was proposed, in which the fast room-temperature self-healing of our target polymer with mechanically robust and tough features is achieved under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhou Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yong Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Liangjie Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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134
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Potaufeux JE, Odent J, Notta-Cuvier D, Lauro F, Raquez JM. A comprehensive review of the structures and properties of ionic polymeric materials. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the mechanistic approach, the structure–property relationship and applications of ionic polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Emile Potaufeux
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM)
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMONS)
- Mons
- Belgium
| | - Jérémy Odent
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM)
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMONS)
- Mons
- Belgium
| | - Delphine Notta-Cuvier
- Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automatic Control and Mechanical Engineering (LAMIH)
- UMR CNRS 8201
- University Polytechnique Hauts-De-France (UPHF)
- Le Mont Houy
- France
| | - Franck Lauro
- Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automatic Control and Mechanical Engineering (LAMIH)
- UMR CNRS 8201
- University Polytechnique Hauts-De-France (UPHF)
- Le Mont Houy
- France
| | - Jean-Marie Raquez
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM)
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMONS)
- Mons
- Belgium
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135
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Miwa Y, Yamada M, Shinke Y, Kutsumizu S. Autonomous self-healing polyisoprene elastomers with high modulus and good toughness based on the synergy of dynamic ionic crosslinks and highly disordered crystals. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We designed a novel polyisoprene elastomer with high mechanical properties and autonomous self-healing capability at room temperature facilitated by the coexistence of dynamic ionic crosslinks and crystalline components that slowly reassembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Mayu Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Yu Shinke
- The Yokohama Rubber Co
- Ltd
- Hiratsuka
- Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
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136
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Shao Z, Cheng W, Hu X, Zhao Y, Wang P, Wu M, Xue D, Hou J, Bian S. An anti-pressure, fatigue-resistant and rapid self-healing hydrogel based on a nano-micelle assembly. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01839e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A trace amount of acetic acid can cause DMC-NaSS micelles to split, resulting in the formation of a novel self-healing hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiang Shao
- College of Mining and Safety Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao
- Shandong 266590
- China
| | - Weimin Cheng
- College of Mining and Safety Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao
- Shandong 266590
- China
| | - Xiangming Hu
- College of Mining and Safety Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao
- Shandong 266590
- China
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering
| | - Yanyun Zhao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao
- Shandong 266590
- China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao
- Shandong 266590
- China
| | - Mingyue Wu
- College of Mining and Safety Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao
- Shandong 266590
- China
| | - Di Xue
- College of Mining and Safety Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao
- Shandong 266590
- China
| | - Jiaoyun Hou
- College of Mining and Safety Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao
- Shandong 266590
- China
| | - Susu Bian
- College of Mining and Safety Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao
- Shandong 266590
- China
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137
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Wang C, Zhang S, Zhang L, Xu Y, Zhang L. Evading the strength–ductility trade-off dilemma of rigid thermosets by incorporating triple cross-links of varying strengths. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00928h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of rigid thermosets with simultaneously enhanced strengths and ductilities have been successfully designed and synthesised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Longfei Zhang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Material Science and Engineering & National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials
| | - Yewei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Material Science and Engineering & National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
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138
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Tu J, Xu H, Liang L, Li P, Guo X. Preparation of high self-healing efficient crosslink HTPB adhesive for improving debonding of propellant interface. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A high self-healing efficient HTPB-based adhesive containing disulfide bonds, which can improve propellant interface debonding defects at a safe temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Technology Research Center
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Heng Xu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Technology Research Center
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Li Liang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Technology Research Center
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Pingyun Li
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Technology Research Center
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Xiaode Guo
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Technology Research Center
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
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139
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Yi B, Liu P, Hou C, Cao C, Zhang J, Sun H, Yao X. Dual-Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polysiloxanes for Mechanically Tunable, Damage-Healable and Oil-Repellent Polymeric Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47382-47389. [PMID: 31746582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric coatings that show tunable mechanical strength, healing ability of mechanical damage, and proper liquid repellency will be promising in various areas across life and industry. However, the exploitation of such coating materials is largely limited by their molecular design. In this work, polymeric coatings with ion-controlled mechanics and coloration and damage-healing and oil-sliding properties have been demonstrated based on a supramolecular design of dual-cross-linked polysiloxanes. The coating color and mechanical properties can be adjusted by coordinative metal ions with various metal-ligand binding abilities. Dense and dynamic hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds lead to the ready healing ability and high durability of the coating. The extreme smoothness of the flat silicone coating facilitates not only the sliding of impinging oil but also the restoration of topological integrity from mechanical damage. The coating can be selectively patterned and applied to large-scale substrates by diverse coating operations, making it feasible for versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xi Yao
- City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518075 , P. R. China
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140
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Mackanic DG, Yan X, Zhang Q, Matsuhisa N, Yu Z, Jiang Y, Manika T, Lopez J, Yan H, Liu K, Chen X, Cui Y, Bao Z. Decoupling of mechanical properties and ionic conductivity in supramolecular lithium ion conductors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5384. [PMID: 31772158 PMCID: PMC6879760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of wearable electronics puts batteries closer to the human skin, exacerbating the need for battery materials that are robust, highly ionically conductive, and stretchable. Herein, we introduce a supramolecular design as an effective strategy to overcome the canonical tradeoff between mechanical robustness and ionic conductivity in polymer electrolytes. The supramolecular lithium ion conductor utilizes orthogonally functional H-bonding domains and ion-conducting domains to create a polymer electrolyte with unprecedented toughness (29.3 MJ m-3) and high ionic conductivity (1.2 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 25 °C). Implementation of the supramolecular ion conductor as a binder material allows for the creation of stretchable lithium-ion battery electrodes with strain capability of over 900% via a conventional slurry process. The supramolecular nature of these battery components enables intimate bonding at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Combination of these stretchable components leads to a stretchable battery with a capacity of 1.1 mAh cm-2 that functions even when stretched to 70% strain. The method reported here of decoupling ionic conductivity from mechanical properties opens a promising route to create high-toughness ion transport materials for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Mackanic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiao Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tuheen Manika
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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141
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Zhao Z, Wang D, Li C, Zuo J. Pinene‐Functionalized Polysiloxane as an Excellent Self‐Healing Superhydrophobic Polymer. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Han Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Da‐Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Cheng‐Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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142
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Hu J, Mo R, Jiang X, Sheng X, Zhang X. Towards mechanical robust yet self-healing polyurethane elastomers via combination of dynamic main chain and dangling quadruple hydrogen bonds. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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143
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Pignanelli J, Billet B, Straeten M, Prado M, Schlingman K, Ahamed MJ, Rondeau-Gagné S. Imine and metal-ligand dynamic bonds in soft polymers for autonomous self-healing capacitive-based pressure sensors. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7654-7662. [PMID: 31486472 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01254k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a facile and simple yet effective method to generate intrinsic autonomous self-healing polymers was developed, leading to new materials that can be easily fine-tuned both mechanically and chemically. The new materials were designed to incorporate two dynamic and reversible types of chemical bonds, namely dynamic imine and metal-coordinating bonds, to enable autonomous self-healing, controlled degradability and ultra-high tunable stretchability (up to 800% strain) based on the ratio of metal to ligand incorporated. Through an easy condensation reaction, imine bonds are generated at the end-termini of a short siloxane chain. The new dynamic system was characterized by a variety of techniques, including tensile-pull strain testing, atomic force microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy, which showed that the highly dynamic imine bonds, combined with coordination with Fe2+ ions, allow for the material to regenerate 88% of its mechanical strength after physical damage. The materials were also controlled to be degraded in mild acidic conditions. Lastly, application in self-healable electronics was demonstrated through the fabrication of a capacitive-based pressure sensor, which shows good sensitivity and dynamic response (∼0.33 kPa-1) before and after healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pignanelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Blandine Billet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Matthew Straeten
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Michaela Prado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Kory Schlingman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Mohammed Jalal Ahamed
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
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144
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Wu X, Wang J, Huang J, Yang S. Room temperature readily self-healing polymer via rationally designing molecular chain and crosslinking bond for flexible electrical sensor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 559:152-161. [PMID: 31622817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically tough polymers with excellent room temperature self-healing capacity have aroused strong interest in soft electronics, electronic skins and flexible energy storage devices. However, achieving such polymers remains a challenge due to tardy diffusion dynamics. Herein, a robust and readily self-healing polymer, which is synthesized by one-pot polymerization among 2,4'-tolylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and poly(oxy-1,4-butanediyl), is achieved through reasonably tuning the hardness of the molecular segment and the strength of the dynamic crosslinking bond. The poly(oxy-1,4-butanediyl) that act as a soft segment can effectively avoid the microphase separation, enabling rapid chain mobility of the polymer at the room temperature. Furthermore, the dual H-bonding from 2,4'-tolylene diisocyanate segment acting as a relatively strong crosslinking bond contributes to high mechanical strength, while the weaker single H-bonding from isophorone diisocyanate segment can efficiently dissipate strain energy by bond rupture, endowing the polymer with rapid room temperature self-healing ability. Featuring state-of-the-art of robust stress strength (≈1.3 MPa), high self-healing efficiency (97% within 6 h), and large tensile strain (≈2100%), the resulting polymers are used for the fabrication of stretchable and self-healable electrical sensor, which can be employed to monitor a variety of physiological activities in real time. The described strategy is promising and universal for healable materials, displaying great potential for developing soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jingxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengrong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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