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Adhikari S, Guha D, Mohan C, Mukherjee S, Tyler JK, Das C. Reprogramming Carbohydrate Metabolism in Cancer and Its Role in Regulating the Tumor Microenvironment. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:3-65. [PMID: 36301490 PMCID: PMC10760510 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Altered metabolism has become an emerging feature of cancer cells impacting their proliferation and metastatic potential in myriad ways. Proliferating heterogeneous tumor cells are surrounded by other resident or infiltrating cells, along with extracellular matrix proteins, and other secretory factors constituting the tumor microenvironment. The diverse cell types of the tumor microenvironment exhibit different molecular signatures that are regulated at their genetic and epigenetic levels. The cancer cells elicit intricate crosstalks with these supporting cells, exchanging essential metabolites which support their anabolic processes and can promote their survival, proliferation, EMT, angiogenesis, metastasis and even therapeutic resistance. In this context, carbohydrate metabolism ensures constant energy supply being a central axis from which other metabolic and biosynthetic pathways including amino acid and lipid metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway are diverged. In contrast to normal cells, increased glycolytic flux is a distinguishing feature of the highly proliferative cancer cells, which supports them to adapt to a hypoxic environment and also protects them from oxidative stress. Such rewired metabolic properties are often a result of epigenetic alterations in the cancer cells, which are mediated by several factors including, DNA, histone and non-histone protein modifications and non-coding RNAs. Conversely, epigenetic landscapes of the cancer cells are also dictated by their diverse metabolomes. Altogether, this metabolic and epigenetic interplay has immense potential for the development of efficient anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. In this book chapter we emphasize upon the significance of reprogrammed carbohydrate metabolism in regulating the tumor microenvironment and cancer progression, with an aim to explore the different metabolic and epigenetic targets for better cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Adhikari
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Deblina Guha
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Chitra Mohan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shravanti Mukherjee
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Jessica K Tyler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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102
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Guo L, Chen S, Ou L, Li S, Ye ZN, Liu HF. Disrupted Alpha-Ketoglutarate Homeostasis: Understanding Kidney Diseases from the View of Metabolism and Beyond. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1961-1974. [PMID: 35783031 PMCID: PMC9248815 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s369090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key intermediate of various metabolic pathways including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, anabolic and catabolic reactions of amino acids, and collagen biosynthesis. Meanwhile, AKG also participates in multiple signaling pathways related to cellular redox regulation, epigenetic processes, and inflammation response. Emerging evidence has shown that kidney diseases like diabetic nephropathy and renal ischemia/reperfusion injury are associated with metabolic disorders. In consistence with metabolic role of AKG, further metabolomics study demonstrated a dysregulated AKG level in kidney diseases. Intriguingly, earlier studies during the years of 1980s and 1990s indicated that AKG may benefit wound healing and surgery recovery. Recently, interests on AKG are arising again due to its protective roles on healthy ageing, which may shed light on developing novel therapeutic strategies against age-related diseases including renal diseases. This review will summarize the physiological and pathological properties of AKG, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, with a special emphasis on kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Nan Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhen-Nan Ye; Hua-Feng Liu, Email ;
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
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103
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Generation of in situ CRISPR-mediated primary and metastatic cancer from monkey liver. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:411. [PMID: 34857736 PMCID: PMC8640017 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) represent the most valuable animals for drug discovery. However, the current main challenge remains that the NHP has not yet been used to develop an efficient translational medicine platform simulating human diseases, such as cancer. This study generated an in situ gene-editing approach to induce efficient loss-of-function mutations of Pten and p53 genes for rapid modeling primary and metastatic liver tumors using the CRISPR/Cas9 in the adult cynomolgus monkey. Under ultrasound guidance, the CRISPR/Cas9 was injected into the cynomolgus monkey liver through the intrahepatic portal vein. The results showed that the ultrasound-guided CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in indels of the Pten and p53 genes in seven out of eight monkeys. The best mutation efficiencies for Pten and p53 were up to 74.71% and 74.68%, respectively. Furthermore, the morbidity of primary and extensively metastatic (lung, spleen, lymph nodes) hepatoma in CRISPR-treated monkeys was 87.5%. The ultrasound-guided CRISPR system could have great potential to successfully pursue the desired target genes, thereby reducing possible side effects associated with hitting non-specific off-target genes, and significantly increasing more efficiency as well as higher specificity of in situ gene editing in vivo, which holds promise as a powerful, yet feasible tool, to edit disease genes to build corresponding human disease models in adult NHPs and to greatly accelerate the discovery of new drugs and save economic costs.
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He Q, Liu M, Huang W, Chen X, Zhang B, Zhang T, Wang Y, Liu D, Xie M, Ji X, Sun M, Tian D, Xia L. IL-1β-Induced Elevation of Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Through Up-regulating Programmed Death Ligand 1 and Colony-Stimulating Factor 1. Hepatology 2021; 74:3174-3193. [PMID: 34288020 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Because of a paucity of effective treatment options, metastasis is still a major cause for HCC-associated mortality. The molecular mechanism of inflammation-induced HCC metastasis is open for study. Here, we characterized the function of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) in inflammation-related HCC metastasis and probed therapy strategies for this subpopulation of patients. APPROACH AND RESULTS Elevated expression of SLC7A11 was positively correlated with poor tumor differentiation, and higher tumor-nodule-metastasis stage, and indicated poor prognosis in human HCC. SLC7A11 increased HIF1α expression through reducing α-ketoglutarate (αKG) level by exporting glutamate. SLC7A11 up-regulated programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) expression through αKG-HIF1α cascade. SLC7A11 overexpression in HCC cells promoted intratumoral tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) infiltration through the CSF1/colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) axis, whereas knockdown of CSF1 attenuated SLC7A11-mediated intratumoral TAM and MDSC infiltration and HCC metastasis. Depletion of either TAMs or MDSCs decreased SLC7A11-mediated HCC metastasis. Furthermore, the combination of CSF1R inhibitor BZL945 and anti-PD-L1 antibody blocked SLC7A11-induced HCC metastasis. In addition, IL-1β up-regulated SLC7A11 expression through the interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/specificity protein 1 pathway. SLC7A11 knockdown impaired IL-1β-promoted HCC metastasis. Anakinra, an IL-1R1 antagonist, reversed IL-1β-promoted HCC metastasis. In human HCC tissues, SLC7A11 expression was positively associated with HIF1α, PD-L1, and CSF1 expression and intratumoral TAM and MDSC infiltration. CONCLUSIONS IL-1β-induced SLC7A11 overexpression up-regulated PD-L1 and CSF1 through the αKG/HIF1α axis, which promoted TAM and MDSC infiltration. Interruption of this oncogenic loop may provide a promising therapy strategy for the inhibition of SLC7A11-mediated HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danfei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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105
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Andersen HB, Ialchina R, Pedersen SF, Czaplinska D. Metabolic reprogramming by driver mutation-tumor microenvironment interplay in pancreatic cancer: new therapeutic targets. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1093-1114. [PMID: 34855109 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers globally with a mortality rate exceeding 95% and very limited therapeutic options. A hallmark of PDAC is its acidic tumor microenvironment, further characterized by excessive fibrosis and depletion of oxygen and nutrients due to poor vascularity. The combination of PDAC driver mutations and adaptation to this hostile environment drives extensive metabolic reprogramming of the cancer cells toward non-canonical metabolic pathways and increases reliance on scavenging mechanisms such as autophagy and macropinocytosis. In addition, the cancer cells benefit from metabolic crosstalk with nonmalignant cells within the tumor microenvironment, including pancreatic stellate cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial and immune cells. Increasing evidence shows that this metabolic rewiring is closely related to chemo- and radioresistance and immunosuppression, causing extensive treatment failure. Indeed, stratification of human PDAC tumors into subtypes based on their metabolic profiles was shown to predict disease outcome. Accordingly, an increasing number of clinical trials target pro-tumorigenic metabolic pathways, either as stand-alone treatment or in conjunction with chemotherapy. In this review, we highlight key findings and potential future directions of pancreatic cancer metabolism research, specifically focusing on novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Berg Andersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renata Ialchina
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dominika Czaplinska
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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106
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Boon R. Metabolic Fuel for Epigenetic: Nuclear Production Meets Local Consumption. Front Genet 2021; 12:768996. [PMID: 34804127 PMCID: PMC8595138 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.768996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are responsible for finetuning gene expression profiles to the needs of cells, tissues, and organisms. To rapidly respond to environmental changes, the activity of chromatin modifiers critically depends on the concentration of a handful of metabolites that act as substrates and co-factors. In this way, these enzymes act as metabolic sensors that directly link gene expression to metabolic states. Although metabolites can easily diffuse through the nuclear pore, molecular mechanisms must be in place to regulate epigenetic marker deposition in specific nuclear subdomains or even on single loci. In this review, I explore the possible subcellular sites of metabolite production that influence the epigenome. From the relationship between cytoplasmic metabolism and nuclear metabolite deposition, I converse to the description of a compartmentalized nuclear metabolism. Last, I elaborate on the possibility of metabolic enzymes to operate in phase-separated nuclear microdomains formed by multienzyme and chromatin-bound protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Boon
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Laboratory for Functional Epigenetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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107
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AbuSalim JE, Yamamoto K, Miura N, Blackman B, Brender JR, Mushti C, Seki T, Camphausen KA, Swenson RE, Krishna MC, Kesarwala AH. Simple Esterification of [1- 13C]-Alpha-Ketoglutarate Enhances Membrane Permeability and Allows for Noninvasive Tracing of Glutamate and Glutamine Production. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2144-2150. [PMID: 34554724 PMCID: PMC9107957 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) is a key metabolite and signaling molecule in cancer cells, but the low permeability of α-KG limits the study of α-KG mediated effects in vivo. Recently, cell-permeable monoester and diester α-KG derivatives have been synthesized for use in vivo, but many of these derivatives are not compatible for use in hyperpolarized carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HP-13C-MRS). HP-13C-MRS is a powerful technique that has been used to noninvasively trace labeled metabolites in real time. Here, we show that using diethyl-[1-13C]-α-KG as a probe in HP-13C-MRS allows for noninvasive tracing of α-KG metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E. AbuSalim
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Natsuko Miura
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Burchelle Blackman
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Chandrasekhar Mushti
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kevin A. Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Aparna H. Kesarwala
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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108
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Won EJ, Park H, Chang SH, Kim JH, Kwon H, Cho YS, Yoon TJ. One-shot dual gene editing for drug-resistant pancreatic cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121252. [PMID: 34781244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is challenging to diagnose patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) early on, and their treatment is often complex. Gemcitabine (GEM) is the first-line treatment for PDAC, but its efficacy is limited in most patients due to the GEM resistance from KRAS and P53 gene mutations. We describe the correction of a double gene mutation and therapeutic effect for the GEM resistant PDAC. Bio-available nanoliposomes (NL) possessing Cas9-ribonucleoproteins and adenine-base editors were developed to conduct KRAS and P53 mutation gene editing directly. NLs were conjugated with EGFR antibodies to tumor-specific delivery, and the anti-cancer effect was verified in vitro and in vivo Model. Our GEM-combinatorial therapeutic strategies using double gene editing systems with one-shot may be a potent therapy for PDAC, overcoming chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Won
- Laboratory of Nanopharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyeji Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Chang
- Laboratory of Nanopharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; Moogene Medi Institute, Korea-Bio Park, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Nanopharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; Moogene Medi Institute, Korea-Bio Park, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hojeong Kwon
- Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Tae-Jong Yoon
- Laboratory of Nanopharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; Moogene Medi Institute, Korea-Bio Park, Seongnam, South Korea.
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109
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Suzuki T, Otsuka M, Seimiya T, Iwata T, Kishikawa T, Koike K. The biological role of metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 1:302-310. [PMID: 34766124 PMCID: PMC8491225 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease and highly resistant to all forms of therapy. PDAC cells reprogram their metabolism extensively to promote their survival and growth. Reflecting the vital role of altered metabolism, experimental and clinical trials targeting the rewired metabolism are currently underway. In this review, we summarize the vital role of metabolic reprogramming in the development of PDAC and the future of novel therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahiro Seimiya
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Takuma Iwata
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahiro Kishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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110
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Miura N, Mushti C, Sail D, AbuSalim JE, Yamamoto K, Brender JR, Seki T, AbuSalim DI, Matsumoto S, Camphausen KA, Krishna MC, Swenson RE, Kesarwala AH. Synthesis of [1- 13 C-5- 12 C]-alpha-ketoglutarate enables noninvasive detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4588. [PMID: 34263489 PMCID: PMC8492538 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations that generate the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) from α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) have been identified in many types of tumors and are an important prognostic factor in gliomas. 2-HG production can be determined by hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HP-13 C-MRS) using [1-13 C]-α-KG as a probe, but peak contamination from naturally occurring [5-13 C]-α-KG overlaps with the [1-13 C]-2-HG peak. Via a newly developed oxidative-Stetter reaction, [1-13 C-5-12 C]-α-KG was synthesized. α-KG metabolism was measured via HP-13 C-MRS using [1-13 C-5-12 C]-α-KG as a probe. [1-13 C-5-12 C]-α-KG was synthesized in high yields, and successfully eliminated the signal from C5 of α-KG in the HP-13 C-MRS spectra. In HCT116 IDH1 R132H cells, [1-13 C-5-12 C]-α-KG allowed for unimpeded detection of [1-13 C]-2-HG. 12 C-enrichment represents a novel method to circumvent spectral overlap, and [1-13 C-5-12 C]-α-KG shows promise as a probe to study IDH1 mutant tumors and α-KG metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Miura
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Mushti
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deepak Sail
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jenna E. AbuSalim
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin A. Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aparna H. Kesarwala
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Chen H, Wang J, Zeng R, Luo Y, Guo K, Wu H, Yang Q, Jiang R, Sha W, Zhuo Z. Development and Validation of a Novel Mitophagy-Related Gene Prognostic Signature for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Immunoscore Classification of Tumor. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5070099. [PMID: 34733329 PMCID: PMC8560278 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5070099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggested that mitophagy may play an important role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whereas the association between mitophagy-related genes and HCC patients' prognosis remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential prognostic values of mitophagy-related genes (MRGs) on HCC patients at the genetic level. According to median immunoscore, we categorized HCC patients from TCGA cohort into two immune score groups, while 39 differential expression MRGs were identified. By using univariate analysis, we screened out 18 survival-associated MRGs, and then, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was applied to construct a prognosis model that consisted of 9 MRGs (ATG7, ATG9A, BNIP3L, GABARAPL1, HTRA2, MAP1LC3B2, TFE3, TIGAR, and TOMM70). In our prognostic model, overall survival in the high and low-risk groups was significantly different (P < 0.001), and the respective areas under the curve (AUC) of our prognostic model were 0.686 for 3-year survival in the TCGA cohort and 0.776 for 3-year survival in the ICGC cohort. Moreover, we identified the risk score as the independent factor for predicting the HCC patients' prognosis by using single and multifactor analyses, and a nomogram was also constructed for future clinical application. Further functional analyses showed that the immune status between two risk groups was significantly different. Our findings may provide a novel mitophagy-related gene signature, and these will be better used for prognostic prediction in HCC, thus improving patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruijie Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yujun Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kehang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huihuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weihong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zewei Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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112
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Mao L, Chen J, Lu X, Yang C, Ding Y, Wang M, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Li X, Fu Y, Yang Y, Gu Y, Gao F, Huang J, Liao L. Proteomic analysis of lung cancer cells reveals a critical role of BCAT1 in cancer cell metastasis. Theranostics 2021; 11:9705-9720. [PMID: 34646394 PMCID: PMC8490523 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of high mortality in lung cancer. Exploring the underlying mechanisms of metastasis thus holds promise for identifying new therapeutic strategies that may enhance survival. Methods: We applied quantitative mass spectrometry to compare protein expression profiles between primary and metastatic lung cancer cells whilst investigating metastasis-related molecular features. Results: We discovered that BCAT1, the key enzyme in branched-chain amino acid metabolism, is overexpressed at the protein level in metastatic lung cancer cells, as well as in metastatic tissues from lung cancer patients. Analysis of transcriptomic data available in the TCGA database revealed that increased BCAT1 transcription is associated with poor overall survival of lung cancer patients. In accord with a critical role in metastasis, shRNA-mediated knockdown of BCAT1 expression reduced migration of metastatic cells in vitro and the metastasis of these cells to distal organs in nude mice. Mechanistically, high levels of BCAT1 depleted α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and promoted expression of SOX2, a transcription factor regulating cancer cell stemness and metastasis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that BCAT1 plays an important role in promoting lung cancer cell metastasis, and may define a novel pathway to target as an anti-metastatic therapy.
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113
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Li L, Chen K, Wu Y, Xiang G, Liu X. Epigenome-Metabolome-Epigenome signaling cascade in cell biological processes. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:279-286. [PMID: 34648996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate determination as a fundamental question in cell biology has been extensively studied at different regulatory levels for many years. However, the mechanisms of multi-level regulation of cell fate determination remain unclear. Recently we have proposed an Epigenome-Metabolome-Epigenome (E-M-E) signaling cascade model to describe the crossover cooperation during mouse somatic cell reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the broad roles of E-M-E signaling cascade in different cell biological processes including cell differentiation and dedifferentiation, cell specialization, cell proliferation and cell pathological processes. Precise E-M-E signaling cascades are critical in these cell biological processes, and it is of worth to explore each step of E-M-E signaling cascade. E-M-E signaling cascade model sheds light on and may open a window to explore the mechanisms of multi-level regulation of cell biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Keshi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ge Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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114
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Chen Q, Pu N, Yin H, Zhang J, Zhao G, Lou W, Wu W. A metabolism-relevant signature as a predictor for prognosis and therapeutic response in pancreatic cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:120-130. [PMID: 34632851 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211049220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several altered metabolic genes have been identified to be involved in the tumorigenesis and advance of pancreatic cancer (PC), their prognostic values remained unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore new targets and establish a metabolic signature to predict prognosis and chemotherapy response for optimal individualized treatment. The expression data of PC patients from two independent cohorts and metabolism-related genes from KEGG were utilized and analyzed for the establishment of the signature via lasso regression. Then, the differentially expressed candidate genes were further confirmed via online data mining platform and qRT-PCR of clinical specimens. Then, the analyses of gene set enrichment, mutation, and chemotherapeutic response were performed via R package. As results showed, 109 differentially expressed metabolic genes were screened out in PC. Then a metabolism-related five-gene signature comprising B3GNT3, BCAT1, KYNU, LDHA, and TYMS was constructed and showed excellent ability for predicting survival. A novel nomogram coordinating the metabolic signature and other independent prognostic parameters was developed and showed better predictive power in predicting survival. In addition, this metabolic signature was significantly involved in the activation of multiple oncological pathways and regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. The patients with high risk scores had higher tumor mutation burdens and were prone to be more sensitive to chemotherapy. In summary, our work identified a new metabolic signature and established a superior prognostic nomogram which may supply more indications to explore novel strategies for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangda Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanlin Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guochao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenchuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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115
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Shim D, Duan L, Maki CG. P53-regulated autophagy and its impact on drug resistance and cell fate. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:85-95. [PMID: 34532654 PMCID: PMC8443158 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type p53 is a stress-responsive transcription factor and a potent tumor suppressor. P53 inhibits the growth of incipient cancer cells by blocking their proliferation or inducing their death through apoptosis. Autophagy is a self-eating process that plays a key role in response to stress. During autophagy, organelles and other intracellular components are degraded in autophagolysosomes and the autophagic breakdown products are recycled into metabolic and energy producing pathways needed for survival. P53 can promote or inhibit autophagy depending on its subcellular localization, mutation status, and the level of stress. Blocking autophagy has been reported in several studies to increase p53-mediated apoptosis, revealing that autophagy can influence cell-fate in response to activated p53 and is a potential target to increase p53-dependent tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Shim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carl G Maki
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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116
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Igelmann S, Lessard F, Uchenunu O, Bouchard J, Fernandez-Ruiz A, Rowell MC, Lopes-Paciencia S, Papadopoli D, Fouillen A, Ponce KJ, Huot G, Mignacca L, Benfdil M, Kalegari P, Wahba HM, Pencik J, Vuong N, Quenneville J, Guillon J, Bourdeau V, Hulea L, Gagnon E, Kenner L, Moriggl R, Nanci A, Pollak MN, Omichinski JG, Topisirovic I, Ferbeyre G. A hydride transfer complex reprograms NAD metabolism and bypasses senescence. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3848-3865.e19. [PMID: 34547241 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring and redox balance play pivotal roles in cancer. Cellular senescence is a barrier for tumorigenesis circumvented in cancer cells by poorly understood mechanisms. We report a multi-enzymatic complex that reprograms NAD metabolism by transferring reducing equivalents from NADH to NADP+. This hydride transfer complex (HTC) is assembled by malate dehydrogenase 1, malic enzyme 1, and cytosolic pyruvate carboxylase. HTC is found in phase-separated bodies in the cytosol of cancer or hypoxic cells and can be assembled in vitro with recombinant proteins. HTC is repressed in senescent cells but induced by p53 inactivation. HTC enzymes are highly expressed in mouse and human prostate cancer models, and their inactivation triggers senescence. Exogenous expression of HTC is sufficient to bypass senescence, rescue cells from complex I inhibitors, and cooperate with oncogenic RAS to transform primary cells. Altogether, we provide evidence for a new multi-enzymatic complex that reprograms metabolism and overcomes cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Igelmann
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lessard
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Oro Uchenunu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T1E2, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A3T2, Canada
| | - Jacob Bouchard
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | | | | | - David Papadopoli
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T1E2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A3T2, Canada
| | - Aurélien Fouillen
- Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Katia Julissa Ponce
- Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Geneviève Huot
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Lian Mignacca
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benfdil
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Paloma Kalegari
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Haytham M Wahba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jan Pencik
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nhung Vuong
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jordan Quenneville
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jordan Guillon
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Véronique Bourdeau
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Laura Hulea
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Etienne Gagnon
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Vienna, Austria; CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Nanci
- Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michael N Pollak
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T1E2, Canada
| | - James G Omichinski
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T1E2, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A3T2, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A3T2, Canada.
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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117
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Pan C, Li B, Simon MC. Moonlighting functions of metabolic enzymes and metabolites in cancer. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3760-3774. [PMID: 34547237 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The growing field of tumor metabolism has greatly expanded our knowledge of metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Apart from their established roles, various metabolic enzymes and metabolites harbor non-canonical ("moonlighting") functions to support malignant transformation. In this article, we intend to review the current understanding of moonlighting functions of metabolic enzymes and related metabolites broadly existing in cancer cells by dissecting each major metabolic pathway and its regulation of cellular behaviors. Understanding these non-canonical functions may broaden the horizon of the cancer metabolism field and uncover novel therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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118
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Novak JSS, Baksh SC, Fuchs E. Dietary interventions as regulators of stem cell behavior in homeostasis and disease. Genes Dev 2021; 35:199-211. [PMID: 33526586 PMCID: PMC7849367 DOI: 10.1101/gad.346973.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells maintain tissues by balancing self-renewal with differentiation. A stem cell's local microenvironment, or niche, informs stem cell behavior and receives inputs at multiple levels. Increasingly, it is becoming clear that the overall metabolic status of an organism or metabolites themselves can function as integral members of the niche to alter stem cell fate. Macroscopic dietary interventions such as caloric restriction, the ketogenic diet, and a high-fat diet systemically alter an organism's metabolic state in different ways. Intriguingly, however, they all converge on a propensity to enhance self-renewal. Here, we highlight our current knowledge on how dietary changes feed into stem cell behavior across a wide variety of tissues and illuminate possible explanations for why diverse interventions can result in similar stem cell phenotypes. In so doing, we hope to inspire new avenues of inquiry into the importance of metabolism in stem cell homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse S S Novak
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Sanjeethan C Baksh
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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119
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Zhang JY, Zhou B, Sun RY, Ai YL, Cheng K, Li FN, Wang BR, Liu FJ, Jiang ZH, Wang WJ, Zhou D, Chen HZ, Wu Q. The metabolite α-KG induces GSDMC-dependent pyroptosis through death receptor 6-activated caspase-8. Cell Res 2021; 31:980-997. [PMID: 34012073 PMCID: PMC8410789 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of regulated cell death mediated by gasdermin family members, among which the function of GSDMC has not been clearly described. Herein, we demonstrate that the metabolite α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) induces pyroptosis through caspase-8-mediated cleavage of GSDMC. Treatment with DM-αKG, a cell-permeable derivative of α-KG, elevates ROS levels, which leads to oxidation of the plasma membrane-localized death receptor DR6. Oxidation of DR6 triggers its endocytosis, and then recruits both pro-caspase-8 and GSDMC to a DR6 receptosome through protein-protein interactions. The DR6 receptosome herein provides a platform for the cleavage of GSDMC by active caspase-8, thereby leading to pyroptosis. Moreover, this α-KG-induced pyroptosis could inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models. Interestingly, the efficiency of α-KG in inducing pyroptosis relies on an acidic environment in which α-KG is reduced by MDH1 and converted to L-2HG that further boosts ROS levels. Treatment with lactic acid, the end product of glycolysis, builds an improved acidic environment to facilitate more production of L-2HG, which makes the originally pyroptosis-resistant cancer cells more susceptible to α-KG-induced pyroptosis. This study not only illustrates a pyroptotic pathway linked with metabolites but also identifies an unreported principal axis extending from ROS-initiated DR6 endocytosis to caspase-8-mediated cleavage of GSDMC for potential clinical application in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-yuan Zhang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Bo Zhou
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Ru-yue Sun
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Yuan-li Ai
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Kang Cheng
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Fu-nan Li
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Bao-rui Wang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Fan-jian Liu
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Zhi-hong Jiang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Wei-jia Wang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Dawang Zhou
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Hang-zi Chen
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Qiao Wu
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
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120
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Ney GM, Stewart DR. Another Weak Link in the Electron Transport Chain: Variants in SUCLG2 and Risk for Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 114:7-8. [PMID: 34415349 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Ney
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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121
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Parker SJ, Encarnación-Rosado J, Hollinshead KER, Hollinshead DM, Ash LJ, Rossi JAK, Lin EY, Sohn ASW, Philips MR, Jones DR, Kimmelman AC. Spontaneous hydrolysis and spurious metabolic properties of α-ketoglutarate esters. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4905. [PMID: 34385458 PMCID: PMC8361106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
α-ketoglutarate (KG), also referred to as 2-oxoglutarate, is a key intermediate of cellular metabolism with pleiotropic functions. Cell-permeable esterified analogs are widely used to study how KG fuels bioenergetic and amino acid metabolism and DNA, RNA, and protein hydroxylation reactions, as cellular membranes are thought to be impermeable to KG. Here we show that esterified KG analogs rapidly hydrolyze in aqueous media, yielding KG that, in contrast to prevailing assumptions, imports into many cell lines. Esterified KG analogs exhibit spurious KG-independent effects on cellular metabolism, including extracellular acidification, arising from rapid hydrolysis and de-protonation of α-ketoesters, and significant analog-specific inhibitory effects on glycolysis or mitochondrial respiration. We observe that imported KG decarboxylates to succinate in the cytosol and contributes minimally to mitochondrial metabolism in many cell lines cultured in normal conditions. These findings demonstrate that nuclear and cytosolic KG-dependent reactions may derive KG from functionally distinct subcellular pools and sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Parker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Joel Encarnación-Rosado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate E R Hollinshead
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Leonard J Ash
- Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan A K Rossi
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Y Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Albert S W Sohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Philips
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew R Jones
- Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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122
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Eyres M, Lanfredini S, Xu H, Burns A, Blake A, Willenbrock F, Goldin R, Hughes D, Hughes S, Thapa A, Vavoulis D, Hubert A, D'Costa Z, Sabbagh A, Abraham AG, Blancher C, Jones S, Verrill C, Silva M, Soonawalla Z, Maughan T, Schuh A, Mukherjee S, O'Neill E. TET2 Drives 5hmc Marking of GATA6 and Epigenetically Defines Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Transcriptional Subtypes. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:653-668.e16. [PMID: 33915173 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by advanced disease stage at presentation, aggressive disease biology, and resistance to therapy, resulting in an extremely poor 5-year survival rate of <10%. PDAC is classified into transcriptional subtypes with distinct survival characteristics, although how these arise is not known. Epigenetic deregulation, rather than genetics, has been proposed to underpin progression, but exactly why is unclear and is hindered by the technical limitations of analyzing clinical samples. METHODS We performed genome-wide epigenetic mapping of DNA modifications 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmc) using oxidative bisulfite sequencing from formalin-embedded sections. We identified overlap with transcriptional signatures in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from resected patients, via bioinformatics using iCluster and mutational profiling and confirmed them in vivo. RESULTS We found that aggressive squamous-like PDAC subtypes result from epigenetic inactivation of loci, including GATA6, which promote differentiated classical pancreatic subtypes. We showed that squamous-like PDAC transcriptional subtypes are associated with greater loss of 5hmc due to reduced expression of the 5-methylcytosine hydroxylase TET2. Furthermore, we found that SMAD4 directly supports TET2 levels in classical pancreatic tumors, and loss of SMAD4 expression was associated with reduced 5hmc, GATA6, and squamous-like tumors. Importantly, enhancing TET2 stability using metformin and vitamin C/ascorbic acid restores 5hmc and GATA6 levels, reverting squamous-like tumor phenotypes and WNT-dependence in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We identified epigenetic deregulation of pancreatic differentiation as an underpinning event behind the emergence of transcriptomic subtypes in PDAC. Our data showed that restoring epigenetic control increases biomarkers of classical pancreatic tumors that are associated with improved therapeutic responses and survival.
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MESH Headings
- 5-Methylcytosine/analogs & derivatives
- 5-Methylcytosine/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dioxygenases/genetics
- Dioxygenases/metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Epigenome
- Epigenomics
- GATA6 Transcription Factor/genetics
- GATA6 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, Transgenic
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Retrospective Studies
- Smad4 Protein/genetics
- Smad4 Protein/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcriptome
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eyres
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Haonan Xu
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Burns
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Blake
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Robert Goldin
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Hughes
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Hughes
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Asmita Thapa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Aline Hubert
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ahmad Sabbagh
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Christine Blancher
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Jones
- Oxford Radcliffe Biobank, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Verrill
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences and Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Silva
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zahir Soonawalla
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Schuh
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Eric O'Neill
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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123
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Kerk SA, Papagiannakopoulos T, Shah YM, Lyssiotis CA. Metabolic networks in mutant KRAS-driven tumours: tissue specificities and the microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:510-525. [PMID: 34244683 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in KRAS drive common metabolic programmes that facilitate tumour survival, growth and immune evasion in colorectal carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, the impacts of mutant KRAS signalling on malignant cell programmes and tumour properties are also dictated by tumour suppressor losses and physiological features specific to the cell and tissue of origin. Here we review convergent and disparate metabolic networks regulated by oncogenic mutant KRAS in colon, lung and pancreas tumours, with an emphasis on co-occurring mutations and the role of the tumour microenvironment. Furthermore, we explore how these networks can be exploited for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Kerk
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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124
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Miallot R, Galland F, Millet V, Blay JY, Naquet P. Metabolic landscapes in sarcomas. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:114. [PMID: 34294128 PMCID: PMC8296645 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring offers novel therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Until recently, there was scant information regarding soft tissue sarcomas, due to their heterogeneous tissue origin, histological definition and underlying genetic history. Novel large-scale genomic and metabolomics approaches are now helping stratify their physiopathology. In this review, we show how various genetic alterations skew activation pathways and orient metabolic rewiring in sarcomas. We provide an update on the contribution of newly described mechanisms of metabolic regulation. We underscore mechanisms that are relevant to sarcomagenesis or shared with other cancers. We then discuss how diverse metabolic landscapes condition the tumor microenvironment, anti-sarcoma immune responses and prognosis. Finally, we review current attempts to control sarcoma growth using metabolite-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Miallot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
| | - Franck Galland
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Millet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 1, Lyon Recherche Innovation contre le Cancer, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Naquet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
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125
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Janská L, Anandi L, Kirchberger NC, Marinkovic ZS, Schachtner LT, Guzelsoy G, Carmona-Fontaine C. The MEMIC: An ex vivo system to model the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:271783. [PMID: 34407185 PMCID: PMC8382743 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for accurate, scalable and cost-efficient models of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we detail how to fabricate and use the metabolic microenvironment chamber (MEMIC) – a 3D-printed ex vivo model of intratumoral heterogeneity. A major driver of the cellular and molecular diversity in tumors is accessibility to the blood stream. Whereas perivascular tumor cells have direct access to oxygen and nutrients, cells further from the vasculature must survive under progressively more ischemic environments. The MEMIC simulates this differential access to nutrients, allow co-culturing any number of cell types, and it is optimized for live imaging and other microscopy-based analyses. Owing to a modular design and full experimental control, the MEMIC provides insights into the tumor microenvironment that would be difficult to obtain via other methods. As proof of principle, we show that cells sense gradual changes in metabolite concentration leading to predictable molecular and cellular spatial patterns. We propose the MEMIC as a complement to standard in vitro and in vivo experiments, diversifying the tools available to accurately model, perturb and monitor the tumor microenvironment. Editor's choice: We present how to fabricate the MEMIC, an experimental model of the tumor microenvironment, describing proof-of-principle experiments and providing image analysis tools that are helpful when using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libuše Janská
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Libi Anandi
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Nell C Kirchberger
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Zoran S Marinkovic
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Logan T Schachtner
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Gizem Guzelsoy
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Carlos Carmona-Fontaine
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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126
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Kolliniati O, Ieronymaki E, Vergadi E, Tsatsanis C. Metabolic Regulation of Macrophage Activation. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:51-68. [PMID: 34247159 DOI: 10.1159/000516780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, the central mediators of innate immune responses, being in the first-line of defense, they have to readily respond to pathogenic or tissue damage signals to initiate the inflammatory cascade. Such rapid responses require energy to support orchestrated production of pro-inflammatory mediators and activation of phagocytosis. Being a cell type that is present in diverse environments and conditions, macrophages have to adapt to different nutritional resources. Thus, macrophages have developed plasticity and are capable of utilizing energy at both normoxic and hypoxic conditions and in the presence of varying concentrations of glucose or other nutrients. Such adaptation is reflected on changes in signaling pathways that modulate responses, accounting for the different activation phenotypes observed. Macrophage metabolism has been tightly associated with distinct activation phenotypes within the range of M1-like and M2-like types. In the context of diseases, systemic changes also affect macrophage metabolism, as in diabetes and insulin resistance, which results in altered metabolism and distinct activation phenotypes in the adipose tissue or in the periphery. In the context of solid tumors, tumor-associated macrophages adapt in the hypoxic environment, which results in metabolic changes that are reflected on an activation phenotype that supports tumor growth. Coordination of environmental and pathogenic signals determines macrophage metabolism, which in turn shapes the type and magnitude of the response. Therefore, modulating macrophage metabolism provides a potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Kolliniati
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Ieronymaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleni Vergadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christos Tsatsanis
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
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127
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Encarnación-Rosado J, Kimmelman AC. Harnessing metabolic dependencies in pancreatic cancers. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:482-492. [PMID: 33742165 PMCID: PMC8249349 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with a 5-year survival rate of <10%. The tumour microenvironment (TME) of PDAC is characterized by excessive fibrosis and deposition of extracellular matrix, termed desmoplasia. This unique TME leads to high interstitial pressure, vascular collapse and low nutrient and oxygen diffusion. Together, these factors contribute to the unique biology and therapeutic resistance of this deadly tumour. To thrive in this hostile environment, PDAC cells adapt by using non-canonical metabolic pathways and rely on metabolic scavenging pathways such as autophagy and macropinocytosis. Here, we review the metabolic pathways that PDAC use to support their growth in the setting of an austere TME. Understanding how PDAC tumours rewire their metabolism and use scavenging pathways under environmental stressors might enable the identification of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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128
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Braun MY. The Natural History of T Cell Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136779. [PMID: 34202553 PMCID: PMC8269353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cells of the immune system, particularly the T lymphocytes, have two main features that distinguish them from the cells of other tissues. They proliferate after activation and have the ability to move in tissues and organs. These characteristics compel them to develop metabolic plasticity in order to fulfil their immune function. This review focuses on the different known mechanisms that allow T cells to adapt their metabolism to the real-life circumstances they operate in, whether it is to exit quiescence, to differentiate into effector cells, or to participate in immune memory formation. Some of the metabolic adaptations to environmental variations that T cells are likely to undergo in their immune monitoring function are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Y Braun
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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129
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Kim HR, Yim J, Yoo HB, Lee SE, Oh S, Jung S, Hwang CI, Shin DM, Kim T, Yoo KH, Kim YS, Lee HW, Roe JS. EVI1 activates tumor-promoting transcriptional enhancers in pancreatic cancer. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab023. [PMID: 34316710 PMCID: PMC8210884 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize epigenetic alterations to acquire autonomous capabilities for tumor maintenance. Here, we show that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells utilize super-enhancers (SEs) to activate the transcription factor EVI1 (ecotropic viral integration site 1) gene, resulting in activation of an EVI1-dependent transcription program conferring PDA tumorigenesis. Our data indicate that SE is the vital cis-acting element to maintain aberrant EVI1 transcription in PDA cells. Consistent with disease progression and inferior survival outcomes of PDA patients, we further show that EVI1 upregulation is a major cause of aggressive tumor phenotypes. Specifically, EVI1 promotes anchorage-independent growth and motility in vitro and enhances tumor propagation in vivo. Mechanistically, EVI1-dependent activation of tumor-promoting gene expression programs through the stepwise configuration of the active enhancer chromatin attributes to these phenotypes. In sum, our findings support the premise that EVI1 is a crucial driver of oncogenic transcription programs in PDA cells. Further, we emphasize the instructive role of epigenetic aberrancy in establishing PDA tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Ryeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Juhye Yim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hye-Been Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Seung Eon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Sumin Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Sungju Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Chang-Il Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dong-Myung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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130
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Beatty GL, Werba G, Lyssiotis CA, Simeone DM. The biological underpinnings of therapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer. Genes Dev 2021; 35:940-962. [PMID: 34117095 PMCID: PMC8247606 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348523.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Beatty et al. discuss recent advances in our understanding of the biological underpinnings of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and dissect therapeutic targets that are intrinsic to PDAC and those that are defined by noncancer cells, including stromal cells, immune cells, and microbes. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and has only recently achieved a 5-yr survival rate of 10%. This dismal prognosis reflects the remarkable capacity of PDAC to effectively adapt to and resist therapeutic intervention. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the biological underpinnings of PDAC and their implications as targetable vulnerabilities in this highly lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Gregor Werba
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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131
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Sánchez-Rivera FJ, Ryan J, Soto-Feliciano YM, Clare Beytagh M, Xuan L, Feldser DM, Hemann MT, Zamudio J, Dimitrova N, Letai A, Jacks T. Mitochondrial apoptotic priming is a key determinant of cell fate upon p53 restoration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019740118. [PMID: 34074758 PMCID: PMC8201929 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019740118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of p53 in established tumors typically results in one of two cell fates, cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, but it remains unclear how this cell fate is determined. We hypothesized that high mitochondrial priming prior to p53 reactivation would lead to apoptosis, while low priming would lead to survival and cell cycle arrest. Using a panel of Kras-driven, p53 restorable cell lines derived from genetically engineered mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma and sarcoma (both of which undergo cell cycle arrest upon p53 restoration), as well as lymphoma (which instead undergo apoptosis), we show that the level of mitochondrial apoptotic priming is a critical determinant of p53 reactivation outcome. Cells with high initial priming (e.g., lymphomas) lacked sufficient reserve antiapoptotic capacity and underwent apoptosis after p53 restoration. Forced BCL-2 or BCL-XL expression reduced priming and resulted in survival and cell cycle arrest. Cells with low initial priming (e.g., lung adenocarcinoma and sarcoma) survived and proceeded to arrest in the cell cycle. When primed by inhibition of their antiapoptotic proteins using genetic (BCL-2 or BCL-XL deletion or BAD overexpression) or pharmacologic (navitoclax) means, apoptosis resulted upon p53 restoration in vitro and in vivo. These data demonstrate that mitochondrial apoptotic priming is a key determining factor of cell fate upon p53 activation. Moreover, it is possible to enforce apoptotic cell fate following p53 activation in less primed cells using p53-independent drugs that increase apoptotic priming, including BH3 mimetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Sánchez-Rivera
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Jeremy Ryan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Yadira M Soto-Feliciano
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Mary Clare Beytagh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Lucius Xuan
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - David M Feldser
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael T Hemann
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Jesse Zamudio
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Nadya Dimitrova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Anthony Letai
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215;
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02115
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142;
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- HHMI, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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132
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Hsu SC, Chen CL, Cheng ML, Chu CY, Changou CA, Yu YL, Yeh SD, Kuo TC, Kuo CC, Chuu CP, Li CF, Wang LH, Chen HW, Yen Y, Ann DK, Wang HJ, Kung HJ. Arginine starvation elicits chromatin leakage and cGAS-STING activation via epigenetic silencing of metabolic and DNA-repair genes. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:7527-7545. [PMID: 34158865 PMCID: PMC8210599 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: One of the most common metabolic defects in cancers is the deficiency in arginine synthesis, which has been exploited therapeutically. Yet, challenges remain, and the mechanisms of arginine-starvation induced killing are largely unclear. Here, we sought to demonstrate the underlying mechanisms by which arginine starvation-induced cell death and to develop a dietary arginine-restriction xenograft model to study the in vivo effects. Methods: Multiple castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines were treated with arginine starvation followed by comprehensive analysis of microarray, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq were to identify the molecular and epigenetic pathways affected by arginine starvation. Metabolomics and Seahorse Flux analyses were used to determine the metabolic profiles. A dietary arginine-restriction xenograft mouse model was developed to assess the effects of arginine starvation on tumor growth and inflammatory responses. Results: We showed that arginine starvation coordinately and epigenetically suppressed gene expressions, including those involved in oxidative phosphorylation and DNA repair, resulting in DNA damage, chromatin-leakage and cGAS-STING activation, accompanied by the upregulation of type I interferon response. We further demonstrated that arginine starvation-caused depletion of α-ketoglutarate and inactivation of histone demethylases are the underlying causes of epigenetic silencing. Significantly, our dietary arginine-restriction model showed that arginine starvation suppressed prostate cancer growth in vivo, with evidence of enhanced interferon responses and recruitment of immune cells. Conclusions: Arginine-starvation induces tumor cell killing by metabolite depletion and epigenetic silencing of metabolic genes, leading to DNA damage and chromatin leakage. The resulting cGAS-STING activation may further enhance these killing effects.
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133
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Sato K, Parag-Sharma K, Terajima M, Musicant AM, Murphy RM, Ramsey MR, Hibi H, Yamauchi M, Amelio AL. Lysyl hydroxylase 2-induced collagen cross-link switching promotes metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Neoplasia 2021; 23:594-606. [PMID: 34107376 PMCID: PMC8192727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 6th most common cancer worldwide and incidence rates are continuing to rise globally. HNSCC patient prognosis is closely related to the occurrence of tumor metastases, and collagen within the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in this process. Lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2), encoded by the Procollagen-Lysine,2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2) gene, catalyzes hydroxylation of telopeptidyl lysine (Lys) residues of fibrillar collagens which then undergo subsequent modifications to form stable intermolecular cross-links that change the biomechanical properties (i.e. quality) of the TME. While LH2-catalyzed collagen modification has been implicated in driving tumor progression and metastasis in diverse cancers, little is known about its role in HNSCC progression. Thus, using gain- and loss-of-function studies, we examined the effects of LH2 expression levels on collagen cross-linking and cell behavior in vitro and in vivo using a tractable bioluminescent imaging-based orthotopic xenograft model. We found that LH2 overexpression dramatically increases HNSCC cell migratory and invasive abilities in vitro and that LH2-driven changes in collagen cross-linking robustly induces metastasis in vivo. Specifically, the amount of LH2-mediated collagen cross-links increased significantly with PLOD2 overexpression, without affecting the total quantity of collagen cross-links. Conversely, LH2 knockdown significantly blunted HNSCC cells invasive capacity in vitro and metastatic potential in vivo. Thus, regardless of the total "quantity" of collagen crosslinks, it is the "quality" of these cross-links that is the key driver of HNSCC tumor metastatic dissemination. These data implicate LH2 as a key regulator of HNSCC tumor invasion and metastasis by modulating collagen cross-link quality and suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting LH2-mediated collagen cross-linking in the TME may be effective in controlling tumor progression and improving disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kshitij Parag-Sharma
- Graduate Curriculum in Cell Biology & Physiology, Biological & Biomedical Sciences Program, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adele M. Musicant
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ryan M. Murphy
- Graduate Curriculum in Pharmacology, Biological & Biomedical Sciences Program, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew R. Ramsey
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hideharu Hibi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Antonio L. Amelio
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Cell Biology Program, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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134
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Eniafe J, Jiang S. The functional roles of TCA cycle metabolites in cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:3351-3363. [PMID: 33864000 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) has been known for decades as a hub for generating cellular energy and precursors for biosynthetic pathways. Several cancers harbor mutations that affect the integrity of this cycle, mostly at the levels of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and fumarate hydratase (FH). This results in dysregulation in the production of TCA cycle metabolites and is probably implicated in cancer initiation. By modulating cellular activities, including metabolism and signaling, TCA cycle intermediates are able to impact the processes of cancer development and progression. In this review, we discuss the functional roles of the TCA cycle intermediates in suppressing or promoting the progression of cancers. A further understanding of TCA metabolites' roles and molecular mechanisms in oncogenesis would prompt developing novel metabolite-based cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Eniafe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.
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135
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Wang X, Xu C, Wang S, Huang W, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li N, Gao Z, Wang F, Zhang N, Guan J, Yi H, Liu F. A novel tumor suppressor CECR2 down regulation links glutamine metabolism contributes tumor growth in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1942-1954. [PMID: 33826083 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutamine plays an important role in tumor metabolism and progression. This research aimed to find out how Gln exert their effects on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). METHODS Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 and EdU assay, mitochondrial bioenergetic activity was measured by mitochondrial stress tests. Gene expression profiling was revealed by RNA sequencing and validated by RT-qPCR. In LSCC patients, protein expression in tumor and adjacent tissues was examined and scored by IHC staining. RNAi was performed by stably expressed shRNA in TU177 cells. In vivo tumor growth analysis was performed using a nude mouse tumorigenicity model. RESULTS Gln deprivation suppressed TU177 cell proliferation, which was restored by αKG supplementation. By transcriptomic analysis, we identified CECR2, which encodes a histone acetyl-lysine reader, as the downstream target gene for Gln and αKG. In LSCC patients, the expression of CECR2 in tumors was lower than adjacent tissues. Furthermore, deficiency of CECR2 promoted tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it has tumor suppressor effects. Besides, cell proliferation inhibited by Gln withdrawal could be restored by CECR2 depletion, and the proliferation boosted by αKG supplementation could be magnified either, suggested that CECR2 feedback suppressed Gln and αKG's effect on tumor growth. Transcriptomic profiling revealed CECR2 regulated the expression of a series of genes involved in tumor progression. CONCLUSION We confirmed the Gln-αKG-CECR2 axis contributes to tumor growth in LSCC. This finding provided a potential therapeutic opportunity for the use of associated metabolites as a potential treatment for LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuenan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Niannian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfei Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.
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136
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Saxena N, Beraldi E, Fazli L, Somasekharan SP, Adomat H, Zhang F, Molokwu C, Gleave A, Nappi L, Nguyen K, Brar P, Nikesitch N, Wang Y, Collins C, Sorensen PH, Gleave M. Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism triggers acute succinate-mediated adaptive responses to reactivate AR signaling. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13427. [PMID: 33709547 PMCID: PMC8103094 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-induced adaptive pathways converge to support androgen receptor (AR) reactivation and emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) after AR pathway inhibition (ARPI). We set out to explore poorly defined acute adaptive responses that orchestrate shifts in energy metabolism after ARPI and identified rapid changes in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), a TCA cycle enzyme with well-known tumor suppressor activity. We show that AR directly regulates transcription of its catalytic subunits (SDHA, SDHB) via androgen response elements (AREs). ARPI acutely suppresses SDH activity, leading to accumulation of the oncometabolite, succinate. Succinate triggers calcium ions release from intracellular stores, which in turn phospho-activates the AR-cochaperone, Hsp27 via p-CaMKK2/p-AMPK/p-p38 axis to enhance AR protein stabilization and activity. Activation of this pathway was seen in tissue microarray analysis on prostatectomy tissues and patient-derived xenografts. This adaptive response is blocked by co-targeting AR with Hsp27 under both in vitro and in vivo studies, sensitizing PCa cells to ARPI treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Saxena
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Hans Adomat
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fan Zhang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Anna Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucia Nappi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Pavn Brar
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colin Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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137
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Cuyàs E, Verdura S, Martin-Castillo B, Menendez JA. Metformin: Targeting the Metabolo-Epigenetic Link in Cancer Biology. Front Oncol 2021; 10:620641. [PMID: 33604300 PMCID: PMC7884859 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.620641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism can directly drive or indirectly enable an aberrant chromatin state of cancer cells. The physiological and molecular principles of the metabolic link to epigenetics provide a basis for pharmacological modulation with the anti-diabetic biguanide metformin. Here, we briefly review how metabolite-derived chromatin modifications and the metabolo-epigenetic machinery itself are both amenable to modification by metformin in a local and a systemic manner. First, we consider the capacity of metformin to target global metabolic pathways or specific metabolic enzymes producing chromatin-modifying metabolites. Second, we examine its ability to directly or indirectly fine-tune the activation status of chromatin-modifying enzymes. Third, we envision how the interaction between metformin, diet and gut microbiota might systemically regulate the metabolic inputs to chromatin. Experimental and clinical validation of metformin's capacity to change the functional outcomes of the metabolo-epigenetic link could offer a proof-of-concept to therapeutically test the metabolic adjustability of the epigenomic landscape of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain.,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Verdura
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain.,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain.,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
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138
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Alonso-Curbelo D, Ho YJ, Burdziak C, Maag JLV, Morris JP, Chandwani R, Chen HA, Tsanov KM, Barriga FM, Luan W, Tasdemir N, Livshits G, Azizi E, Chun J, Wilkinson JE, Mazutis L, Leach SD, Koche R, Pe'er D, Lowe SW. A gene-environment-induced epigenetic program initiates tumorigenesis. Nature 2021; 590:642-648. [PMID: 33536616 PMCID: PMC8482641 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage increases the risk of cancer through poorly understood mechanisms1. In mouse models of pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis associated with tissue injury collaborates with activating mutations in the Kras oncogene to markedly accelerate the formation of early neoplastic lesions and, ultimately, adenocarcinoma2,3. Here, by integrating genomics, single-cell chromatin assays and spatiotemporally controlled functional perturbations in autochthonous mouse models, we show that the combination of Kras mutation and tissue damage promotes a unique chromatin state in the pancreatic epithelium that distinguishes neoplastic transformation from normal regeneration and is selected for throughout malignant evolution. This cancer-associated epigenetic state emerges within 48 hours of pancreatic injury, and involves an 'acinar-to-neoplasia' chromatin switch that contributes to the early dysregulation of genes that define human pancreatic cancer. Among the factors that are most rapidly activated after tissue damage in the pre-malignant pancreatic epithelium is the alarmin cytokine interleukin 33, which recapitulates the effects of injury in cooperating with mutant Kras to unleash the epigenetic remodelling program of early neoplasia and neoplastic transformation. Collectively, our study demonstrates how gene-environment interactions can rapidly produce gene-regulatory programs that dictate early neoplastic commitment, and provides a molecular framework for understanding the interplay between genetic and environmental cues in the initiation of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Direna Alonso-Curbelo
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cassandra Burdziak
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesper L V Maag
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Morris
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rohit Chandwani
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hsuan-An Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaloyan M Tsanov
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco M Barriga
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Luan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nilgun Tasdemir
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geulah Livshits
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elham Azizi
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Chun
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John E Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linas Mazutis
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven D Leach
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Dartmouth Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Hanover, NH, USA
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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139
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Boutelle AM, Attardi LD. p53 and Tumor Suppression: It Takes a Network. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:298-310. [PMID: 33518400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. p53 suppresses tumorigenesis by transcriptionally regulating a network of target genes that play roles in various cellular processes. Though originally characterized as a critical regulator for responses to acute DNA damage (activation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest), recent studies have highlighted new pathways and transcriptional targets downstream of p53 regulating genomic integrity, metabolism, redox biology, stemness, and non-cell autonomous signaling in tumor suppression. Here, we summarize our current understanding of p53-mediated tumor suppression, situating recent findings from mouse models and unbiased screens in the context of previous studies and arguing for the importance of the pleiotropic effects of the p53 transcriptional network in inhibiting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Boutelle
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laura D Attardi
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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140
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Dey P, Kimmelman AC, DePinho RA. Metabolic Codependencies in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1067-1081. [PMID: 33504580 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming enables cancer cell growth, proliferation, and survival. This reprogramming is driven by the combined actions of oncogenic alterations in cancer cells and host cell factors acting on cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cell-intrinsic mechanisms activate signal transduction components that either directly enhance metabolic enzyme activity or upregulate transcription factors that in turn increase expression of metabolic regulators. Extrinsic signaling mechanisms involve host-derived factors that further promote and amplify metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. This review describes intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms driving cancer metabolism in the tumor microenvironment and how such mechanisms may be targeted therapeutically. SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer cell metabolic reprogramming is a consequence of the converging signals originating from both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic signaling maintains the baseline metabolic state, whereas extrinsic signals fine-tune the metabolic processes based on the availability of metabolites and the requirements of the cells. Therefore, successful targeting of metabolic pathways will require a nuanced approach based on the cancer's genotype, tumor microenvironment composition, and tissue location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Dey
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York. .,Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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141
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Xu D, Shao F, Bian X, Meng Y, Liang T, Lu Z. The Evolving Landscape of Noncanonical Functions of Metabolic Enzymes in Cancer and Other Pathologies. Cell Metab 2021; 33:33-50. [PMID: 33406403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Key pathological, including oncogenic, signaling pathways regulate the canonical functions of metabolic enzymes that serve the cellular metabolic needs. Importantly, these signaling pathways also confer a large number of metabolic enzymes to have noncanonical or nonmetabolic functions that are referred to as "moonlighting" functions. In this review, we highlight how aberrantly regulated metabolic enzymes with such activities play critical roles in the governing of a wide spectrum of instrumental cellular activities, including gene expression, cell-cycle progression, DNA repair, cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor microenvironment remodeling, thereby promoting the pathologic progression of disease, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqian Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Fei Shao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xueli Bian
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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142
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Lahalle A, Lacroix M, De Blasio C, Cissé MY, Linares LK, Le Cam L. The p53 Pathway and Metabolism: The Tree That Hides the Forest. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010133. [PMID: 33406607 PMCID: PMC7796211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 pathway is a major tumor suppressor pathway that prevents the propagation of abnormal cells by regulating DNA repair, cell cycle progression, cell death, or senescence. The multiple cellular processes regulated by p53 were more recently extended to the control of metabolism, and many studies support the notion that perturbations of p53-associated metabolic activities are linked to cancer development. Converging lines of evidence support the notion that, in addition to p53, other key components of this molecular cascade are also important regulators of metabolism. Here, we illustrate the underestimated complexity of the metabolic network controlled by the p53 pathway and show how its perturbation contributes to human diseases including cancer, aging, and metabolic diseases. Abstract The p53 pathway is functionally inactivated in most, if not all, human cancers. The p53 protein is a central effector of numerous stress-related molecular cascades. p53 controls a safeguard mechanism that prevents accumulation of abnormal cells and their transformation by regulating DNA repair, cell cycle progression, cell death, or senescence. The multiple cellular processes regulated by p53 were more recently extended to the control of metabolism and many studies support the notion that perturbations of p53-associated metabolic activities are linked to cancer development, as well as to other pathophysiological conditions including aging, type II diabetes, and liver disease. Although much less documented than p53 metabolic activities, converging lines of evidence indicate that other key components of this tumor suppressor pathway are also involved in cellular metabolism through p53-dependent as well as p53-independent mechanisms. Thus, at least from a metabolic standpoint, the p53 pathway must be considered as a non-linear pathway, but the complex metabolic network controlled by these p53 regulators and the mechanisms by which their activities are coordinated with p53 metabolic functions remain poorly understood. In this review, we highlight some of the metabolic pathways controlled by several central components of the p53 pathway and their role in tissue homeostasis, metabolic diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airelle Lahalle
- Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (M.L.); (C.D.B.); (L.K.L.)
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1194, F-24298 Montpellier, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Lacroix
- Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (M.L.); (C.D.B.); (L.K.L.)
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1194, F-24298 Montpellier, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Carlo De Blasio
- Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (M.L.); (C.D.B.); (L.K.L.)
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1194, F-24298 Montpellier, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Madi Y. Cissé
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard, T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Laetitia K. Linares
- Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (M.L.); (C.D.B.); (L.K.L.)
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1194, F-24298 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Le Cam
- Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (M.L.); (C.D.B.); (L.K.L.)
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1194, F-24298 Montpellier, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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李 金, 雷 明, 雷 群, 尹 淼. [A Review of Metabolic Stress and Development of Pancreatic Cancer]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2021; 52:5-10. [PMID: 33474881 PMCID: PMC10408957 DOI: 10.12182/20210160502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most notorious malignancies with a 5-year survival rate of less than 8%. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the molecular mechanism underlining PDAC initiation, promotion, and progression for efficient treatment of PDAC. In order to adapt and survive in an extremely adverse microenvironment of hypoxia and insufficiency of nutrients and energy, PDAC cells undergo extensive metabolic modification triggered by intrinsic signalings which are activated by different genetic events, including mutations occurred at K RAS, TP53, and DPC4/ SMAD4, collaboratively promoting PDAC development. Notably, PDCA cells have extensive crosstalk in the form of reciprocal metabolic flux with its surrounding microenvironment to facilitate tumor advancement and therapy resistance. We herein summarize recent findings of PDAC metabolism and discuss metabolic rewiring-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- 金涛 李
- 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院 肿瘤研究所 (上海 200032)Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- 复旦大学上海医学院 肿瘤学系 (上海 200032)Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - 明珠 雷
- 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院 肿瘤研究所 (上海 200032)Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- 复旦大学上海医学院 肿瘤学系 (上海 200032)Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - 群英 雷
- 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院 肿瘤研究所 (上海 200032)Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- 复旦大学上海医学院 肿瘤学系 (上海 200032)Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - 淼 尹
- 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院 肿瘤研究所 (上海 200032)Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- 复旦大学上海医学院 肿瘤学系 (上海 200032)Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Metabolic Regulation of Epigenetic Modifications and Cell Differentiation in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123788. [PMID: 33339101 PMCID: PMC7765496 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells change their metabolism to support a chaotic and uncontrolled growth. In addition to meeting the metabolic needs of the cell, these changes in metabolism also affect the patterns of gene activation, changing the identity of cancer cells. As a consequence, cancer cells become more aggressive and more resistant to treatments. In this article, we present a review of the literature on the interactions between metabolism and cell identity, and we explore the mechanisms by which metabolic changes affect gene regulation. This is important because recent therapies under active investigation target both metabolism and gene regulation. The interactions of these new therapies with existing chemotherapies are not known and need to be investigated. Abstract Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, with consistent rewiring of glucose, glutamine, and mitochondrial metabolism. While these metabolic alterations are adequate to meet the metabolic needs of cell growth and proliferation, the changes in critical metabolites have also consequences for the regulation of the cell differentiation state. Cancer evolution is characterized by progression towards a poorly differentiated, stem-like phenotype, and epigenetic modulation of the chromatin structure is an important prerequisite for the maintenance of an undifferentiated state by repression of lineage-specific genes. Epigenetic modifiers depend on intermediates of cellular metabolism both as substrates and as co-factors. Therefore, the metabolic reprogramming that occurs in cancer likely plays an important role in the process of the de-differentiation characteristic of the neoplastic process. Here, we review the epigenetic consequences of metabolic reprogramming in cancer, with particular focus on the role of mitochondrial intermediates and hypoxia in the regulation of cellular de-differentiation. We also discuss therapeutic implications.
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Kaławaj K, Sławińska-Brych A, Mizerska-Kowalska M, Żurek A, Bojarska-Junak A, Kandefer-Szerszeń M, Zdzisińska B. Alpha Ketoglutarate Exerts In Vitro Anti-Osteosarcoma Effects through Inhibition of Cell Proliferation, Induction of Apoptosis via the JNK and Caspase 9-Dependent Mechanism, and Suppression of TGF-β and VEGF Production and Metastatic Potential of Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249406. [PMID: 33321940 PMCID: PMC7763003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of primary bone tumor. Currently, there are limited treatment options for metastatic OS. Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), i.e., a multifunctional intermediate of the Krebs cycle, is one of the central metabolic regulators of tumor fate and plays an important role in cancerogenesis and tumor progression. There is growing evidence suggesting that AKG may represent a novel adjuvant therapeutic opportunity in anti-cancer therapy. The present study was intended to check whether supplementation of Saos-2 and HOS osteosarcoma cell lines (harboring a TP53 mutation) with exogenous AKG exerted an anti-cancer effect. The results revealed that AKG inhibited the proliferation of both OS cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. As evidenced by flow cytometry, AKG blocked cell cycle progression at the G1 stage in both cell lines, which was accompanied by a decreased level of cyclin D1 in HOS and increased expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 protein in Saos-2 cells (evaluated with the ELISA method). Moreover, AKG induced apoptotic cell death and caspase-3 activation in both OS cell lines (determined by cytometric analysis). Both the immunoblotting and cytometric analysis revealed that the AKG-induced apoptosis proceeded predominantly through activation of an intrinsic caspase 9-dependent apoptotic pathway and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The apoptotic process in the AKG-treated cells was mediated via c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) activation, as the specific inhibitor of this kinase partially rescued the cells from apoptotic death. In addition, the AKG treatment led to reduced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion in vitro concomitantly with decreased production of pro-metastatic transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in both OS cell lines suggesting the anti-metastatic potential of this compound. In conclusion, we showed the anti-osteosarcoma potential of AKG and provided a rationale for a further study of the possible application of AKG in OS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaławaj
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.-K.); (A.Ż.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Adrianna Sławińska-Brych
- Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Mizerska-Kowalska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.-K.); (A.Ż.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Aleksandra Żurek
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.-K.); (A.Ż.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Agnieszka Bojarska-Junak
- Chair and Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Martyna Kandefer-Szerszeń
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.-K.); (A.Ż.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Barbara Zdzisińska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.-K.); (A.Ż.); (M.K.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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Wong CC, Xu J, Bian X, Wu JL, Kang W, Qian Y, Li W, Chen H, Gou H, Liu D, Yat Luk ST, Zhou Q, Ji F, Chan LS, Shirasawa S, Sung JJ, Yu J. In Colorectal Cancer Cells With Mutant KRAS, SLC25A22-Mediated Glutaminolysis Reduces DNA Demethylation to Increase WNT Signaling, Stemness, and Drug Resistance. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:2163-2180.e6. [PMID: 32814111 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mutant KRAS promotes glutaminolysis, a process that uses steps from the tricarboxylic cycle to convert glutamine to α-ketoglutarate and other molecules via glutaminase and SLC25A22. This results in inhibition of demethylases and epigenetic alterations in cells that increase proliferation and stem cell features. We investigated whether mutant KRAS-mediated glutaminolysis affects the epigenomes and activities of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. METHODS We created ApcminKrasG12D mice with intestine-specific knockout of SLC25A22 (ApcminKrasG12DSLC25A22fl/fl mice). Intestine tissues were collected and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and DNA methylation assays; organoids were derived and studied for stem cell features, along with organoids derived from 2 human colorectal tumor specimens. Colon epithelial cells (1CT) and CRC cells (DLD1, DKS8, HKE3, and HCT116) that expressed mutant KRAS, with or without knockdown of SLC25A22 or other proteins, were deprived of glutamine or glucose and assayed for proliferation, colony formation, glucose or glutamine consumption, and apoptosis; gene expression patterns were analyzed by RNA sequencing, proteins by immunoblots, and metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, with [U-13C5]-glutamine as a tracer. Cells and organoids with knocked down, knocked out, or overexpressed proteins were analyzed for DNA methylation at CpG sites using arrays. We performed immunohistochemical analyses of colorectal tumor samples from 130 patients in Hong Kong (57 with KRAS mutations) and Kaplan-Meier analyses of survival. We analyzed gene expression levels of colorectal tumor samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS CRC cells that express activated KRAS required glutamine for survival, and rapidly incorporated it into the tricarboxylic cycle (glutaminolysis); this process required SLC25A22. Cells incubated with succinate and non-essential amino acids could proliferate under glutamine-free conditions. Mutant KRAS cells maintained a low ratio of α-ketoglutarate to succinate, resulting in reduced 5-hydroxymethylcytosine-a marker of DNA demethylation, and hypermethylation at CpG sites. Many of the hypermethylated genes were in the WNT signaling pathway and at the protocadherin gene cluster on chromosome 5q31. CRC cells without mutant KRAS, or with mutant KRAS and knockout of SLC25A22, expressed protocadherin genes (PCDHAC2, PCDHB7, PCDHB15, PCDHGA1, and PCDHGA6)-DNA was not methylated at these loci. Expression of the protocadherin genes reduced WNT signaling to β-catenin and expression of the stem cell marker LGR5. ApcminKrasG12DSLC25A22fl/fl mice developed fewer colon tumors than ApcminKrasG12D mice (P < .01). Organoids from ApcminKrasG12DSLC25A22fl/fl mice had reduced expression of LGR5 and other markers of stemness compared with organoids derived from ApcminKrasG12D mice. Knockdown of SLC25A22 in human colorectal tumor organoids reduced clonogenicity. Knockdown of lysine demethylases, or succinate supplementation, restored expression of LGR5 to SLC25A22-knockout CRC cells. Knockout of SLC25A22 in CRC cells that express mutant KRAS increased their sensitivity to 5-fluorouacil. Level of SLC25A22 correlated with levels of LGR5, nuclear β-catenin, and a stem cell-associated gene expression pattern in human colorectal tumors with mutations in KRAS and reduced survival times of patients. CONCLUSIONS In CRC cells that express activated KRAS, SLC25A22 promotes accumulation of succinate, resulting in increased DNA methylation, activation of WNT signaling to β-catenin, increased expression of LGR5, proliferation, stem cell features, and resistance to 5-fluorouacil. Strategies to disrupt this pathway might be developed for treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jiaying Xu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiqing Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongyan Gou
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dabin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simson Tsz Yat Luk
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiming Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fenfen Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lam-Shing Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Senji Shirasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Joseph Jy Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Abstract
2-Oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2OGDDs) are a superfamily of enzymes that play diverse roles in many biological processes, including regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-mediated adaptation to hypoxia, extracellular matrix formation, epigenetic regulation of gene transcription and the reprogramming of cellular metabolism. 2OGDDs all require oxygen, reduced iron and 2-oxoglutarate (also known as α-ketoglutarate) to function, although their affinities for each of these co-substrates, and hence their sensitivity to depletion of specific co-substrates, varies widely. Numerous 2OGDDs are recurrently dysregulated in cancer. Moreover, cancer-specific metabolic changes, such as those that occur subsequent to mutations in the genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase or isocitrate dehydrogenase, can dysregulate specific 2OGDDs. This latter observation suggests that the role of 2OGDDs in cancer extends beyond cancers that harbour mutations in the genes encoding members of the 2OGDD superfamily. Herein, we review the regulation of 2OGDDs in normal cells and how that regulation is corrupted in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Aurore Losman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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148
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Izzo LT, Affronti HC, Wellen KE. The Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer Epigenetics and Metabolism. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2020; 5:235-257. [PMID: 34109280 PMCID: PMC8186467 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-070820-035832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming are characteristics of cancer cells that, in many cases, are linked. Oncogenic signaling, diet, and tumor microenvironment each influence the availability of metabolites that are substrates or inhibitors of epigenetic enzymes. Reciprocally, altered expression or activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes can exert direct and indirect effects on cellular metabolism. In this article, we discuss the bidirectional relationship between epigenetics and metabolism in cancer. First, we focus on epigenetic control of metabolism, highlighting evidence that alterations in histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, or the enhancer landscape can drive metabolic features that support growth and proliferation. We then discuss metabolic regulation of chromatin-modifying enzymes and roles in tumor growth and progression. Throughout, we highlight proposed therapeutic and dietary interventions that leverage metabolic-epigenetic cross talk and have the potential to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke T Izzo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hayley C Affronti
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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149
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Liu Y, Wang D, Zhou M, Chen H, Wang H, Min J, Chen J, Wu S, Ni X, Zhang Y, Gong A, Xu M. The KRAS/Lin28B axis maintains stemness of pancreatic cancer cells via the let-7i/TET3 pathway. Mol Oncol 2020; 15:262-278. [PMID: 33107691 PMCID: PMC7782082 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that Lin28B plays critical roles in numerous biological processes including cell proliferation and stemness maintenance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Lin28B nuclear translocation remain poorly understood. Here, we found for the first time that KRAS promoted Lin28B nuclear translocation through PKCβ, which directly bound to and phosphorylated Lin28B at S243. Firstly, we observed that Lin28B was upregulated in pancreatic cancer, contributing to cellular migration and proliferation. Furthermore, nuclear Lin28B upregulated TET3 messenger RNA and protein levels by blocking the production of mature let‐7i. Subsequently, increased TET3 expression could also promote the expression of Lin28B, thereby forming a Lin28B/let‐7i/TET3 feedback loop. Our results suggest that the KRAS/Lin28B axis drives the let‐7i/TET3 pathway to maintain the stemness of pancreatic cancer cells. These findings illuminate the distinct mechanism of Lin28B nuclear translocation and its important roles in KRAS‐driven pancreatic cancer, and have important implications for development of novel therapeutic strategies for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jingyu Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuhui Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiufan Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Youli Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Aihua Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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150
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Kuroda K, Komori T, Ishibashi K, Uto T, Kobayashi I, Kadokawa R, Kato Y, Ninomiya K, Takahashi K, Hirata E. Non-aqueous, zwitterionic solvent as an alternative for dimethyl sulfoxide in the life sciences. Commun Chem 2020; 3:163. [PMID: 36703409 PMCID: PMC9814479 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used as a solvent in the life sciences, however, it is somewhat toxic and affects cell behaviours in a range of ways. Here, we propose a zwitterionic liquid (ZIL), a zwitterion-type ionic liquid containing histidine-like module, as a new alternative to DMSO. ZIL is not cell permeable, less toxic to cells and tissues, and has great potential as a vehicle for various hydrophobic drugs. Notably, ZIL can serve as a solvent for stock solutions of platinating agents, whose anticancer effects are completely abolished by dissolution in DMSO. Furthermore, ZIL possesses suitable affinity to the plasma membrane and acts as a cryoprotectant. Our results suggest that ZIL is a potent, multifunctional and biocompatible solvent that compensates for many shortcomings of DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kuroda
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Komori
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Kojiro Ishibashi
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Tumor Cell Biology and Bioimaging, Cancer Research Institute of Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Takuya Uto
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Riki Kadokawa
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yui Kato
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ninomiya
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Eishu Hirata
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Tumor Cell Biology and Bioimaging, Cancer Research Institute of Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Nano Life Science Institute of Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
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