101
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Ntracha A, Iakovakis D, Hadjidimitriou S, Charisis VS, Tsolaki M, Hadjileontiadis LJ. Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment Through Natural Language and Touchscreen Typing Processing. Front Digit Health 2021; 2:567158. [PMID: 34713039 PMCID: PMC8521910 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2020.567158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an identified prodromal stage of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), often evades detection in the early stages of the condition, when existing diagnostic methods are employed in the clinical setting. From an alternative perspective, smartphone interaction behavioral data, unobtrusively acquired in a non-clinical setting, can assist the screening and monitoring of MCI and its symptoms' progression. In this vein, the diagnostic ability of digital biomarkers, drawn from Fine Motor Impairment (FMI)- and Spontaneous Written Speech (SWS)-related data analysis, are examined here. In particular, keystroke dynamics derived from touchscreen typing activities, using Convolutional Neural Networks, along with linguistic features of SWS through Natural Language Processing (NLP), were used to distinguish amongst MCI patients and healthy controls (HC). Analytically, three indices of FMI (rigidity, bradykinesia and alternate finger tapping) and nine NLP features, related with lexical richness, grammatical, syntactical complexity, and word deficits, formed the feature space. The proposed approach was tested on two demographically matched groups of 11 MCI patients and 12 HC, having undergone the same neuropsychological tests, producing 4,930 typing sessions and 78 short texts, within 6 months, for analysis. A cascaded-classifier scheme was realized under three different feature combinations and validated via a Leave-One-Subject-Out cross-validation scheme. The acquired results have shown: (a) keystroke features with a k-NN classifier achieved an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI):0.68-0.88; specificity/sensitivity (SP/SE): 0.64/0.92], (b) NLP features with a Logistic regression classifier achieved an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.65-0.85; SP/SE: 0.80/0.71), and (c) an ensemble model with the fusion of keystroke and NLP features resulted in AUC of 0.75 (95% CI:0.63-0.86; SP/SE 0.90/0.60). The current findings indicate the potentiality of new digital biomarkers to capture early stages of cognitive decline, providing a highly specific remote screening tool in-the-wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ntracha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Iakovakis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stelios Hadjidimitriou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios S Charisis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Third Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leontios J Hadjileontiadis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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102
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Godkin FE, Turner E, Demnati Y, Vert A, Roberts A, Swartz RH, McLaughlin PM, Weber KS, Thai V, Beyer KB, Cornish B, Abrahao A, Black SE, Masellis M, Zinman L, Beaton D, Binns MA, Chau V, Kwan D, Lim A, Munoz DP, Strother SC, Sunderland KM, Tan B, McIlroy WE, Van Ooteghem K. Feasibility of a continuous, multi-sensor remote health monitoring approach in persons living with neurodegenerative disease. J Neurol 2021; 269:2673-2686. [PMID: 34705114 PMCID: PMC8548705 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote health monitoring with wearable sensor technology may positively impact patient self-management and clinical care. In individuals with complex health conditions, multi-sensor wear may yield meaningful information about health-related behaviors. Despite available technology, feasibility of device-wearing in daily life has received little attention in persons with physical or cognitive limitations. This mixed methods study assessed the feasibility of continuous, multi-sensor wear in persons with cerebrovascular (CVD) or neurodegenerative disease (NDD). METHODS Thirty-nine participants with CVD, Alzheimer's disease/amnestic mild cognitive impairment, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (median age 68 (45-83) years, 36% female) wore five devices (bilateral ankles and wrists, chest) continuously for a 7-day period. Adherence to device wearing was quantified by examining volume and pattern of device removal (non-wear). A thematic analysis of semi-structured de-brief interviews with participants and study partners was used to examine user acceptance. RESULTS Adherence to multi-sensor wear, defined as a minimum of three devices worn concurrently, was high (median 98.2% of the study period). Non-wear rates were low across all sensor locations (median 17-22 min/day), with significant differences between some locations (p = 0.006). Multi-sensor non-wear was higher for daytime versus nighttime wear (p < 0.001) and there was a small but significant increase in non-wear over the collection period (p = 0.04). Feedback from de-brief interviews suggested that multi-sensor wear was generally well accepted by both participants and study partners. CONCLUSION A continuous, multi-sensor remote health monitoring approach is feasible in a cohort of persons with CVD or NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Elizabeth Godkin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Turner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Youness Demnati
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Vert
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Roberts
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Elborn College, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Richard H Swartz
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kyle S Weber
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Thai
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kit B Beyer
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Cornish
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Agessandro Abrahao
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lorne Zinman
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Beaton
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Malcolm A Binns
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vivian Chau
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donna Kwan
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Lim
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas P Munoz
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen C Strother
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly M Sunderland
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Tan
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William E McIlroy
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Van Ooteghem
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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103
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König A, Mallick E, Tröger J, Linz N, Zeghari R, Manera V, Robert P. Measuring neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with early cognitive decline using speech analysis. Eur Psychiatry 2021; 64:e64. [PMID: 34641989 PMCID: PMC8581700 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), namely apathy, depression, and anxiety demonstrated great value in predicting dementia progression, representing eventually an opportunity window for timely diagnosis and treatment. However, sensitive and objective markers of these symptoms are still missing. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the association between automatically extracted speech features and NPS in patients with mild neurocognitive disorders. METHODS Speech of 141 patients aged 65 or older with neurocognitive disorder was recorded while performing two short narrative speech tasks. NPS were assessed by the neuropsychiatric inventory. Paralinguistic markers relating to prosodic, formant, source, and temporal qualities of speech were automatically extracted, correlated with NPS. Machine learning experiments were carried out to validate the diagnostic power of extracted markers. RESULTS Different speech variables are associated with specific NPS; apathy correlates with temporal aspects, and anxiety with voice quality-and this was mostly consistent between male and female after correction for cognitive impairment. Machine learning regressors are able to extract information from speech features and perform above baseline in predicting anxiety, apathy, and depression scores. CONCLUSIONS Different NPS seem to be characterized by distinct speech features, which are easily extractable automatically from short vocal tasks. These findings support the use of speech analysis for detecting subtypes of NPS in patients with cognitive impairment. This could have great implications for the design of future clinical trials as this cost-effective method could allow more continuous and even remote monitoring of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra König
- Stars Team, Sophia Antipolis, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Valbonne, France.,Clinical Research, ki:elements, Saarbrücken, Germany.,CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, FRIS-University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Elisa Mallick
- Stars Team, Sophia Antipolis, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Valbonne, France.,Clinical Research, ki:elements, Saarbrücken, Germany.,CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, FRIS-University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Johannes Tröger
- Stars Team, Sophia Antipolis, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Valbonne, France.,Clinical Research, ki:elements, Saarbrücken, Germany.,CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, FRIS-University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Nicklas Linz
- Stars Team, Sophia Antipolis, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Valbonne, France.,Clinical Research, ki:elements, Saarbrücken, Germany.,CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, FRIS-University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Radia Zeghari
- Stars Team, Sophia Antipolis, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Valbonne, France.,Clinical Research, ki:elements, Saarbrücken, Germany.,CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, FRIS-University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Valeria Manera
- Stars Team, Sophia Antipolis, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Valbonne, France.,Clinical Research, ki:elements, Saarbrücken, Germany.,CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, FRIS-University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Robert
- Stars Team, Sophia Antipolis, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Valbonne, France.,Clinical Research, ki:elements, Saarbrücken, Germany.,CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, FRIS-University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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104
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Montag C, Elhai JD, Dagum P. On Blurry Boundaries When Defining Digital Biomarkers: How Much Biology Needs to Be in a Digital Biomarker? Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:740292. [PMID: 34658973 PMCID: PMC8514660 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.740292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a rise in research where so called "digital biomarkers" represent the focal study interest. Many researchers understand that digital biomarkers describe digital footprints providing insights into healthy and pathological human (neuro-)biology. Beyond that the term digital biomarker is also used at times to describe more general concepts such as linking digital footprints to human behavior (which itself can be described as the result of a biological system). Given the lack of consensus on how to define a digital biomarker, the present short mini-review provides i) an overview on various definitions and ii) distinguishes between direct (narrow) or indirect (broad) concepts of digital biomarkers. From our perspective, digital biomarkers meant as a more direct (or narrow) concept describe digital footprints being directly linked to biological variables, such as stemming from molecular genetics, epigenetics, endocrinology, immunology or brain imaging, to name a few. More indirect concepts of digital biomarkers encompass digital footprints being linked to human behavior that may act as latent variables indirectly linked to biological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jon D. Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Paul Dagum
- Applied Cognition, Los Altos, CA, United States
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105
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Mattke S, Hanson M. Expected wait times for access to a disease-modifying Alzheimer's treatment in the United States. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:1071-1074. [PMID: 34569686 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A 2017 study had analyzed the preparedness of the U.S. health care system to deliver a disease-modifying Alzheimer's treatment and predicted substantial wait times. We update the prediction with an improved model and newer data. METHODS The model tracks patients from initial evaluation, cognitive testing by a dementia specialist, confirmatory biomarker testing, and infusion delivery. All steps after initial evaluation are assumed to be capacity constrained. Model parameters and assumptions about care-seeking behavior were derived from the published literature and expert input. RESULTS If patients were referred based on a brief cognitive test, wait times for specialist visits would reach around 50 months. If referral also required a positive blood-based biomarker test, wait times would be around 12 months. In both scenarios, wait times for confirmatory biomarker testing and infusion treatment would be limited. DISCUSSION Better diagnostic tools at initial evaluation may reduce unnecessary delays in access to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Mattke
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark Hanson
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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106
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Xiao Q, Sampson JN, LaCroix AZ, Shadyab AH, Zeitzer JM, Ancoli-Israel S, Yaffe K, Stone K. Nonparametric parameters of 24-hour rest-activity rhythms and long-term cognitive decline and incident cognitive impairment in older men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:250-258. [PMID: 34558603 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered 24-hour rest-activity rhythms may be associated with cognitive impairment in older adults, but evidence from prospective studies is limited. Non-parametric methods were used to assess actigraphy-based activity patterns in 2,496 older men. Incident cognitive impairment was assessed four times over 12 years using the Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MS) and Trails B tests, self-reported medication use, and clinical diagnosis. The highest quartile (vs. the lowest) of intradaily variability and the lowest quartiles (vs. the highest) of interdaily stability and relative amplitude were associated with incident cognitive impairment ((Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.82 (1.31, 2.53)), 1.36 (0.99, 1.86), and 1.85 (1.33, 2.56), respectively). A larger increase in intradaily variability over 7.5 years was associated with a greater subsequent decline in 3MS scores but not in Trails B performance. In conclusion, less stable and more variable rest-activity rhythms may represent early biomarkers of cognitive impairment in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jamie M Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.,Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto CA
| | - Sonia Ancoli-Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kristin Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Katie Stone
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
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107
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Greshake Tzovaras B, Senabre Hidalgo E, Alexiou K, Baldy L, Morane B, Bussod I, Fribourg M, Wac K, Wolf G, Ball M. Using an Individual-Centered Approach to Gain Insights From Wearable Data in the Quantified Flu Platform: Netnography Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e28116. [PMID: 34505836 PMCID: PMC8463949 DOI: 10.2196/28116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wearables have been used widely for monitoring health in general, and recent research results show that they can be used to predict infections based on physiological symptoms. To date, evidence has been generated in large, population-based settings. In contrast, the Quantified Self and Personal Science communities are composed of people who are interested in learning about themselves individually by using their own data, which are often gathered via wearable devices. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore how a cocreation process involving a heterogeneous community of personal science practitioners can develop a collective self-tracking system for monitoring symptoms of infection alongside wearable sensor data. METHODS We engaged in a cocreation and design process with an existing community of personal science practitioners to jointly develop a working prototype of a web-based tool for symptom tracking. In addition to the iterative creation of the prototype (started on March 16, 2020), we performed a netnographic analysis to investigate the process of how this prototype was created in a decentralized and iterative fashion. RESULTS The Quantified Flu prototype allowed users to perform daily symptom reporting and was capable of presenting symptom reports on a timeline together with resting heart rates, body temperature data, and respiratory rates measured by wearable devices. We observed a high level of engagement; over half of the users (52/92, 56%) who engaged in symptom tracking became regular users and reported over 3 months of data each. Furthermore, our netnographic analysis highlighted how the current Quantified Flu prototype was a result of an iterative and continuous cocreation process in which new prototype releases sparked further discussions of features and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS As shown by the high level of user engagement and iterative development process, an open cocreation process can be successfully used to develop a tool that is tailored to individual needs, thereby decreasing dropout rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Greshake Tzovaras
- Center for Research & Interdisciplinarity, INSERM U1284, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Open Humans Foundation, Sanford, NC, United States
| | - Enric Senabre Hidalgo
- Center for Research & Interdisciplinarity, INSERM U1284, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Ilona Bussod
- Center for Research & Interdisciplinarity, Paris, France
| | | | - Katarzyna Wac
- Quality of Life Technologies, GSEM/CUI, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gary Wolf
- Article 27 Foundation, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Mad Ball
- Open Humans Foundation, Sanford, NC, United States
- Center for Research & Interdisciplinarity, Paris, France
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108
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Xue C, Karjadi C, Paschalidis IC, Au R, Kolachalama VB. Detection of dementia on voice recordings using deep learning: a Framingham Heart Study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:146. [PMID: 34465384 PMCID: PMC8409004 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of reliable, affordable, and easy-to-use strategies for detection of dementia is sorely needed. Digital technologies, such as individual voice recordings, offer an attractive modality to assess cognition but methods that could automatically analyze such data are not readily available. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used 1264 voice recordings of neuropsychological examinations administered to participants from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), a community-based longitudinal observational study. The recordings were 73 min in duration, on average, and contained at least two speakers (participant and examiner). Of the total voice recordings, 483 were of participants with normal cognition (NC), 451 recordings were of participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 330 were of participants with dementia (DE). We developed two deep learning models (a two-level long short-term memory (LSTM) network and a convolutional neural network (CNN)), which used the audio recordings to classify if the recording included a participant with only NC or only DE and to differentiate between recordings corresponding to those that had DE from those who did not have DE (i.e., NDE (NC+MCI)). Based on 5-fold cross-validation, the LSTM model achieved a mean (±std) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.740 ± 0.017, mean balanced accuracy of 0.647 ± 0.027, and mean weighted F1 score of 0.596 ± 0.047 in classifying cases with DE from those with NC. The CNN model achieved a mean AUC of 0.805 ± 0.027, mean balanced accuracy of 0.743 ± 0.015, and mean weighted F1 score of 0.742 ± 0.033 in classifying cases with DE from those with NC. For the task related to the classification of participants with DE from NDE, the LSTM model achieved a mean AUC of 0.734 ± 0.014, mean balanced accuracy of 0.675 ± 0.013, and mean weighted F1 score of 0.671 ± 0.015. The CNN model achieved a mean AUC of 0.746 ± 0.021, mean balanced accuracy of 0.652 ± 0.020, and mean weighted F1 score of 0.635 ± 0.031 in classifying cases with DE from those who were NDE. CONCLUSION This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that automated deep learning-driven processing of audio recordings of neuropsychological testing performed on individuals recruited within a community cohort setting can facilitate dementia screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghua Xue
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Evans 636, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Cody Karjadi
- The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Departments of Anatomy & Neurobiology and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ioannis Ch Paschalidis
- Departments to Electrical & Computer Engineering, Systems Engineering and Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Departments of Anatomy & Neurobiology and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Vijaya B Kolachalama
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Evans 636, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Computer Science and Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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109
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Xue C, Karjadi C, Paschalidis IC, Au R, Kolachalama VB. Detection of dementia on voice recordings using deep learning: a Framingham Heart Study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021. [PMID: 34465384 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00888-3.pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of reliable, affordable, and easy-to-use strategies for detection of dementia is sorely needed. Digital technologies, such as individual voice recordings, offer an attractive modality to assess cognition but methods that could automatically analyze such data are not readily available. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used 1264 voice recordings of neuropsychological examinations administered to participants from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), a community-based longitudinal observational study. The recordings were 73 min in duration, on average, and contained at least two speakers (participant and examiner). Of the total voice recordings, 483 were of participants with normal cognition (NC), 451 recordings were of participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 330 were of participants with dementia (DE). We developed two deep learning models (a two-level long short-term memory (LSTM) network and a convolutional neural network (CNN)), which used the audio recordings to classify if the recording included a participant with only NC or only DE and to differentiate between recordings corresponding to those that had DE from those who did not have DE (i.e., NDE (NC+MCI)). Based on 5-fold cross-validation, the LSTM model achieved a mean (±std) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.740 ± 0.017, mean balanced accuracy of 0.647 ± 0.027, and mean weighted F1 score of 0.596 ± 0.047 in classifying cases with DE from those with NC. The CNN model achieved a mean AUC of 0.805 ± 0.027, mean balanced accuracy of 0.743 ± 0.015, and mean weighted F1 score of 0.742 ± 0.033 in classifying cases with DE from those with NC. For the task related to the classification of participants with DE from NDE, the LSTM model achieved a mean AUC of 0.734 ± 0.014, mean balanced accuracy of 0.675 ± 0.013, and mean weighted F1 score of 0.671 ± 0.015. The CNN model achieved a mean AUC of 0.746 ± 0.021, mean balanced accuracy of 0.652 ± 0.020, and mean weighted F1 score of 0.635 ± 0.031 in classifying cases with DE from those who were NDE. CONCLUSION This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that automated deep learning-driven processing of audio recordings of neuropsychological testing performed on individuals recruited within a community cohort setting can facilitate dementia screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghua Xue
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Evans 636, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Cody Karjadi
- The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Departments of Anatomy & Neurobiology and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ioannis Ch Paschalidis
- Departments to Electrical & Computer Engineering, Systems Engineering and Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Departments of Anatomy & Neurobiology and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Vijaya B Kolachalama
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Evans 636, Boston, MA, 02118, USA. .,Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA. .,Department of Computer Science and Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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110
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Isernia S, Cabinio M, Di Tella S, Pazzi S, Vannetti F, Gerli F, Mosca IE, Lombardi G, Macchi C, Sorbi S, Baglio F. Diagnostic Validity of the Smart Aging Serious Game: An Innovative Tool for Digital Phenotyping of Mild Neurocognitive Disorder. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1789-1801. [PMID: 34459394 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Smart Aging Serious Game (SASG) is an ecologically-based digital platform used in mild neurocognitive disorders. Considering the higher risk of developing dementia for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), their digital phenotyping is crucial. A new understanding of MCI and VCI aided by digital phenotyping with SASG will challenge current differential diagnosis and open the perspective of tailoring more personalized interventions. OBJECTIVE To confirm the validity of SASG in detecting MCI from healthy controls (HC) and to evaluate its diagnostic validity in differentiating between VCI and HC. METHODS 161 subjects (74 HC: 37 males, 75.47±2.66 mean age; 60 MCI: 26 males, 74.20±5.02; 27 VCI: 13 males, 74.22±3.43) underwent a SASG session and a neuropsychological assessment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, Trail Making Test). A multi-modal statistical approach was used: receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves comparison, random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR) analysis. RESULTS SASG well captured the specific cognitive profiles of MCI and VCI, in line with the standard neuropsychological measures. ROC analyses revealed high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of SASG and MoCA (AUCs > 0.800) in detecting VCI versus HC and MCI versus HC conditions. An acceptable to excellent classification accuracy was found for MCI and VCI (HC versus VCI; RF: 90%, LR: 91%. HC versus MCI; RF: 75%; LR: 87%). CONCLUSION SASG allows the early assessment of cognitive impairment through ecological tasks and potentially in a self-administered way. These features make this platform suitable for being considered a useful digital phenotyping tool, allowing a non-invasive and valid neuropsychological evaluation, with evident implications for future digital-health trails and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Isernia
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy
| | - Monia Cabinio
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Tella
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Pazzi
- Consorzio di Bioingegneria e Informatica Medica (CBIM), Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Gerli
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy
| | | | - Gemma Lombardi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Macchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy.,Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA, Firenze, Italy
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111
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Miliani A, Cherid H, Rachedi M. Modèles alternatifs dans la pratique de la rééducation à l’ère de la pandémie de Covid-19. KINÉSITHÉRAPIE, LA REVUE 2021. [PMCID: PMC7862881 DOI: 10.1016/j.kine.2021.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
La pandémie de Covid-19 a imposé un changement soudain et forcé dans le spectre des soins de santé qui s’est produit avec une rapidité sans précédent. La nécessité d’accommoder le changement à une grande échelle a exigé de l’ingéniosité et une réflexion décisive. Ces changements affectent les acteurs du domaine de la médecine physique et de la réadaptation (MPR) personnellement et professionnellement. Les experts réfléchissent maintenant à la manière d’améliorer la pratique médicale en utilisant de nouvelles approches en réadaptation. Les modèles et les expériences rapportés dans la littérature, tels que la téléréadaptation, la préadaptation et l’activité physique adaptée sont basés sur la stratégie de l’auto-rééducation collaborative qui est proposée comme un élément-clé de ces voies alternatives. Ces approches innovantes aideront à restructurer les processus d’exercice de la réadaptation, non seulement dans ces moments inhabituels, mais aussi dans l’avenir de la MPR. Niveau de preuve NA.
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112
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Kalafatis C, Modarres MH, Apostolou P, Marefat H, Khanbagi M, Karimi H, Vahabi Z, Aarsland D, Khaligh-Razavi SM. Validity and Cultural Generalisability of a 5-Minute AI-Based, Computerised Cognitive Assessment in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Dementia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:706695. [PMID: 34366938 PMCID: PMC8339427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.706695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Early detection and monitoring of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients are key to tackling dementia and providing benefits to patients, caregivers, healthcare providers and society. We developed the Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA); a 5-min, language independent computerised cognitive test that employs an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model to improve its accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the generalisability of the ICA in detecting cognitive impairment in MCI and mild AD patients. Methods: We studied the ICA in 230 participants. 95 healthy volunteers, 80 MCI, and 55 mild AD participants completed the ICA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) cognitive tests. Results: The ICA demonstrated convergent validity with MoCA (Pearson r=0.58, p<0.0001) and ACE (r=0.62, p<0.0001). The ICA AI model was able to detect cognitive impairment with an AUC of 81% for MCI patients, and 88% for mild AD patients. The AI model demonstrated improved performance with increased training data and showed generalisability in performance from one population to another. The ICA correlation of 0.17 (p = 0.01) with education years is considerably smaller than that of MoCA (r = 0.34, p < 0.0001) and ACE (r = 0.41, p < 0.0001) which displayed significant correlations. In a separate study the ICA demonstrated no significant practise effect over the duration of the study. Discussion: The ICA can support clinicians by aiding accurate diagnosis of MCI and AD and is appropriate for large-scale screening of cognitive impairment. The ICA is unbiased by differences in language, culture, and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Kalafatis
- Cognetivity Ltd, London, United Kingdom
- South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Haniye Marefat
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Khanbagi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Karimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahabi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seyed-Mahdi Khaligh-Razavi
- Cognetivity Ltd, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Öhman F, Hassenstab J, Berron D, Schöll M, Papp KV. Current advances in digital cognitive assessment for preclinical Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12217. [PMID: 34295959 PMCID: PMC8290833 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a pressing need to capture and track subtle cognitive change at the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rapidly, cost-effectively, and with high sensitivity. Concurrently, the landscape of digital cognitive assessment is rapidly evolving as technology advances, older adult tech-adoption increases, and external events (i.e., COVID-19) necessitate remote digital assessment. Here, we provide a snapshot review of the current state of digital cognitive assessment for preclinical AD including different device platforms/assessment approaches, levels of validation, and implementation challenges. We focus on articles, grants, and recent conference proceedings specifically querying the relationship between digital cognitive assessments and established biomarkers for preclinical AD (e.g., amyloid beta and tau) in clinically normal (CN) individuals. Several digital assessments were identified across platforms (e.g., digital pens, smartphones). Digital assessments varied by intended setting (e.g., remote vs. in-clinic), level of supervision (e.g., self vs. supervised), and device origin (personal vs. study-provided). At least 11 publications characterize digital cognitive assessment against AD biomarkers among CN. First available data demonstrate promising validity of this approach against both conventional assessment methods (moderate to large effect sizes) and relevant biomarkers (predominantly weak to moderate effect sizes). We discuss levels of validation and issues relating to usability, data quality, data protection, and attrition. While still in its infancy, digital cognitive assessment, especially when administered remotely, will undoubtedly play a major future role in screening for and tracking preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Öhman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Psychological & Brain SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - David Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MagdeburgGermany
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Michael Schöll
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kathryn V. Papp
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentDepartment of Neurology, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Youn BY, Ko Y, Moon S, Lee J, Ko SG, Kim JY. Digital Biomarkers for Neuromuscular Disorders: A Systematic Scoping Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071275. [PMID: 34359358 PMCID: PMC8307187 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers play a vital role in clinical care. They enable early diagnosis and treatment by identifying a patient's condition and disease course and act as an outcome measure that accurately evaluates the efficacy of a new treatment or drug. Due to the rapid development of digital technologies, digital biomarkers are expected to grow tremendously. In the era of change, this scoping review was conducted to see which digital biomarkers are progressing in neuromuscular disorders, a diverse and broad-range disease group among the neurological diseases, to discover available evidence for their feasibility and reliability. Thus, a total of 10 studies were examined: 9 observational studies and 1 animal study. Of the observational studies, studies were conducted with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients. Non-peer reviewed poster presentations were not considered, as the articles may lead to erroneous results. The only animal study included in the present review investigated the mice model of ALS for detecting rest disturbances using a non-invasive digital biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Young Youn
- Department of Global Public Health and Korean Medicine Management, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (B.-Y.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Youme Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Seunghwan Moon
- Department of Global Public Health and Korean Medicine Management, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (B.-Y.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Seung-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Jee-Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Cheongna Best Rehabilitation Hospital, Incheon 22883, Korea
- Correspondence:
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115
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Foot H, Mättig B, Fiolka M, Grylewicz T, Ten Hompel M, Kretschmer V. [Use of machine learning for the prediction of stress using the example of logistics]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 75:282-295. [PMID: 34276123 PMCID: PMC8276219 DOI: 10.1007/s41449-021-00263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Stress und seine komplexen Wirkungen werden bereits seit Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts erforscht. Die vielfältigen psychischen und physischen Stressoren in der Arbeitswelt können in Summe zu Störungen des Organismus und zu Erkrankungen führen. Da die Ausprägung körperlicher und subjektiver Folgen von Stress individuell unterschiedlich ist, lassen sich keine absoluten Grenzwerte ermitteln. Zur Erforschung der systematischen Mustererkennung physiologischer und subjektiver Stressparameter sowie einer Stressvorhersage, werden in dem vorliegenden Beitrag Methoden des maschinellen Lernens (ML) eingesetzt. Als praktischer Anwendungsfall dient die Logistikbranche, in der Belastungsfaktoren häufig in der Tätigkeit und der Arbeitsorganisation begründet liegen. Ein Gestaltungselement bei der Prävention von Stress ist die Arbeitspause. Mit ML-Methoden wird untersucht, inwieweit Stress auf Basis physiologischer und subjektiver Parameter vorhergesagt werden kann, um Pausen individuell zu empfehlen. Im Beitrag wird der Zwischenstand einer Softwarelösung für ein dynamisches Pausenmanagement für die Logistik vorgestellt. Praktische Relevanz: Das Ziel der Softwarelösung „Dynamische Pause“ besteht darin, Stress in Folge mentaler und physischer Belastungsfaktoren in der Logistik präventiv vorzubeugen und die Beschäftigten auf lange Sicht gesund, zufrieden, arbeitsfähig und produktiv zu halten. Infolge individualisierter Erholungspausen als Gestaltungselement, können Unternehmen unterstützt werden, Personalressourcen entsprechend der dynamischen Anforderungen der Logistik flexibler einzusetzen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Foot
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Materialfluss und Logistik IML, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 2-4, 44227 Dortmund, Deutschland
| | - Benedikt Mättig
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Materialfluss und Logistik IML, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 2-4, 44227 Dortmund, Deutschland
| | - Michael Fiolka
- Lehrstuhl für Unternehmenslogistik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Leonhard-Euler-Straße 5, 44227 Dortmund, Deutschland
| | - Tim Grylewicz
- Lehrstuhl für Unternehmenslogistik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Leonhard-Euler-Straße 5, 44227 Dortmund, Deutschland
| | - Michael Ten Hompel
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Materialfluss und Logistik IML, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 2-4, 44227 Dortmund, Deutschland
| | - Veronika Kretschmer
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Materialfluss und Logistik IML, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 2-4, 44227 Dortmund, Deutschland
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Opoku Asare K, Terhorst Y, Vega J, Peltonen E, Lagerspetz E, Ferreira D. Predicting Depression From Smartphone Behavioral Markers Using Machine Learning Methods, Hyperparameter Optimization, and Feature Importance Analysis: Exploratory Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e26540. [PMID: 34255713 PMCID: PMC8314163 DOI: 10.2196/26540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent mental health challenge. Current depression assessment methods using self-reported and clinician-administered questionnaires have limitations. Instrumenting smartphones to passively and continuously collect moment-by-moment data sets to quantify human behaviors has the potential to augment current depression assessment methods for early diagnosis, scalable, and longitudinal monitoring of depression. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of predicting depression with human behaviors quantified from smartphone data sets, and to identify behaviors that can influence depression. METHODS Smartphone data sets and self-reported 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) depression assessments were collected from 629 participants in an exploratory longitudinal study over an average of 22.1 days (SD 17.90; range 8-86). We quantified 22 regularity, entropy, and SD behavioral markers from the smartphone data. We explored the relationship between the behavioral features and depression using correlation and bivariate linear mixed models (LMMs). We leveraged 5 supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms with hyperparameter optimization, nested cross-validation, and imbalanced data handling to predict depression. Finally, with the permutation importance method, we identified influential behavioral markers in predicting depression. RESULTS Of the 629 participants from at least 56 countries, 69 (10.97%) were females, 546 (86.8%) were males, and 14 (2.2%) were nonbinary. Participants' age distribution is as follows: 73/629 (11.6%) were aged between 18 and 24, 204/629 (32.4%) were aged between 25 and 34, 156/629 (24.8%) were aged between 35 and 44, 166/629 (26.4%) were aged between 45 and 64, and 30/629 (4.8%) were aged 65 years and over. Of the 1374 PHQ-8 assessments, 1143 (83.19%) responses were nondepressed scores (PHQ-8 score <10), while 231 (16.81%) were depressed scores (PHQ-8 score ≥10), as identified based on PHQ-8 cut-off. A significant positive Pearson correlation was found between screen status-normalized entropy and depression (r=0.14, P<.001). LMM demonstrates an intraclass correlation of 0.7584 and a significant positive association between screen status-normalized entropy and depression (β=.48, P=.03). The best ML algorithms achieved the following metrics: precision, 85.55%-92.51%; recall, 92.19%-95.56%; F1, 88.73%-94.00%; area under the curve receiver operating characteristic, 94.69%-99.06%; Cohen κ, 86.61%-92.90%; and accuracy, 96.44%-98.14%. Including age group and gender as predictors improved the ML performances. Screen and internet connectivity features were the most influential in predicting depression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that behavioral markers indicative of depression can be unobtrusively identified from smartphone sensors' data. Traditional assessment of depression can be augmented with behavioral markers from smartphones for depression diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yannik Terhorst
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julio Vega
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ella Peltonen
- Center for Ubiquitous Computing, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eemil Lagerspetz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Denzil Ferreira
- Center for Ubiquitous Computing, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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117
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Li VOK, Lam JCK, Han Y, Cheung LYL, Downey J, Kaistha T, Gozes I. Editorial: Designing a Protocol Adopting an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Driven Approach for Early Diagnosis of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1329-1337. [PMID: 34106406 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor O K Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jacqueline C K Lam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lawrence Y L Cheung
- Department of Linguistics & Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jocelyn Downey
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tushar Kaistha
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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118
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Emrani S, Lamar M, Price C, Baliga S, Wasserman V, Matusz EF, Saunders J, Gietka V, Strate J, Swenson R, Baliga G, Libon DJ. Neurocognitive Constructs Underlying Executive Control in Statistically-Determined Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:5-16. [PMID: 34219736 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The model of executive attention proposes that temporal organization, i.e., the time necessary to bring novel tasks to fruition is an important construct that modulates executive control. Subordinate to temporal organization are the constructs of working memory, preparatory set, and inhibitory control. OBJECTIVE The current research operationally-defined the constructs underlying the theory of executive attention using intra-component latencies (i.e., reaction times) from a 5-span backward digit test from patients with suspected mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS An iPad-version of the Backward Digit Span Test (BDT) was administered to memory clinic patients. Patients with (n = 22) and without (n = 36) MCI were classified. Outcome variables included intra-component latencies for all correct 5-span serial order responses. RESULTS Average total time did not differ. A significant 2-group by 5-serial order latency interaction revealed the existence of distinct time epochs. Non-MCI patients produced slower latencies on initial (position 2-working memory/preparatory set) and latter (position 4-inhibitory control) correct serial order responses. By contrast, patients with MCI produced a slower latency for middle serial order responses (i.e., position 3-preparatory set). No group differences were obtained for incorrect 5-span test trials. CONCLUSION The analysis of 5-span BDT serial order latencies found distinct epochs regarding how time was allocated in the context of successful test performance. Intra-component latencies obtained from tests assessing mental re-ordering may constitute useful neurocognitive biomarkers for emergent neurodegenerative illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheina Emrani
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine Price
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Satya Baliga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Emily F Matusz
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | | | - Vaughn Gietka
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - James Strate
- Department of Computer Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Rod Swenson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at the University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Ganesh Baliga
- Department of Computer Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - David J Libon
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.,New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
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Meliá S, Nasabeh S, Luján-Mora S, Cachero C. MoSIoT: Modeling and Simulating IoT Healthcare-Monitoring Systems for People with Disabilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126357. [PMID: 34208252 PMCID: PMC8296168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The need to remotely monitor people with disabilities has increased due to growth in their number in recent years. The democratization of Internet of Things (IoT) devices facilitates the implementation of healthcare-monitoring systems (HMSs) that are capable of supporting disabilities and diseases. However, to achieve their full potential, these devices must efficiently address the customization demanded by different IoT HMS scenarios. This work introduces a new approach, called Modeling Scenarios of Internet of Things (MoSIoT), which allows healthcare experts to model and simulate IoT HMS scenarios defined for different disabilities and diseases. MoSIoT comprises a set of models based on the model-driven engineering (MDE) paradigm, which first allows simulation of a complete IoT HMS scenario, followed by generation of a final IoT system. In the current study, we used a real scenario defined by a recognized medical publication for a patient with Alzheimer’s disease to validate this proposal. Furthermore, we present an implementation based on an enterprise cloud architecture that provides the simulation data to a commercial IoT hub, such as Azure IoT Central.
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Hartl D, de Luca V, Kostikova A, Laramie J, Kennedy S, Ferrero E, Siegel R, Fink M, Ahmed S, Millholland J, Schuhmacher A, Hinder M, Piali L, Roth A. Translational precision medicine: an industry perspective. J Transl Med 2021; 19:245. [PMID: 34090480 PMCID: PMC8179706 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, digital technologies and artificial intelligence, drug discovery and development face unprecedented opportunities for product and business model innovation, fundamentally changing the traditional approach of how drugs are discovered, developed and marketed. Critical to this transformation is the adoption of new technologies in the drug development process, catalyzing the transition from serendipity-driven to data-driven medicine. This paradigm shift comes with a need for both translation and precision, leading to a modern Translational Precision Medicine approach to drug discovery and development. Key components of Translational Precision Medicine are multi-omics profiling, digital biomarkers, model-based data integration, artificial intelligence, biomarker-guided trial designs and patient-centric companion diagnostics. In this review, we summarize and critically discuss the potential and challenges of Translational Precision Medicine from a cross-industry perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hartl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Valeria de Luca
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Kostikova
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason Laramie
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott Kennedy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Enrico Ferrero
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Siegel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fink
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Markus Hinder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Piali
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Roth
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Jonell P, Moëll B, Håkansson K, Henter GE, Kucherenko T, Mikheeva O, Hagman G, Holleman J, Kivipelto M, Kjellström H, Gustafson J, Beskow J. Multimodal Capture of Patient Behaviour for Improved Detection of Early Dementia: Clinical Feasibility and Preliminary Results. FRONTIERS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2021.642633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive automatic screening for Alzheimer’s disease has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy while lowering healthcare costs. Previous research has shown that patterns in speech, language, gaze, and drawing can help detect early signs of cognitive decline. In this paper, we describe a highly multimodal system for unobtrusively capturing data during real clinical interviews conducted as part of cognitive assessments for Alzheimer’s disease. The system uses nine different sensor devices (smartphones, a tablet, an eye tracker, a microphone array, and a wristband) to record interaction data during a specialist’s first clinical interview with a patient, and is currently in use at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Furthermore, complementary information in the form of brain imaging, psychological tests, speech therapist assessment, and clinical meta-data is also available for each patient. We detail our data-collection and analysis procedure and present preliminary findings that relate measures extracted from the multimodal recordings to clinical assessments and established biomarkers, based on data from 25 patients gathered thus far. Our findings demonstrate feasibility for our proposed methodology and indicate that the collected data can be used to improve clinical assessments of early dementia.
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122
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Yamada Y, Shinkawa K, Kobayashi M, Takagi H, Nemoto M, Nemoto K, Arai T. Using Speech Data From Interactions With a Voice Assistant to Predict the Risk of Future Accidents for Older Drivers: Prospective Cohort Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e27667. [PMID: 33830066 PMCID: PMC8063093 DOI: 10.2196/27667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the rapid growth of the older adult population worldwide, car accidents involving this population group have become an increasingly serious problem. Cognitive impairment, which is assessed using neuropsychological tests, has been reported as a risk factor for being involved in car accidents; however, it remains unclear whether this risk can be predicted using daily behavior data. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate whether speech data that can be collected in everyday life can be used to predict the risk of an older driver being involved in a car accident. Methods At baseline, we collected (1) speech data during interactions with a voice assistant and (2) cognitive assessment data—neuropsychological tests (Mini-Mental State Examination, revised Wechsler immediate and delayed logical memory, Frontal Assessment Battery, trail making test-parts A and B, and Clock Drawing Test), Geriatric Depression Scale, magnetic resonance imaging, and demographics (age, sex, education)—from older adults. Approximately one-and-a-half years later, we followed up to collect information about their driving experiences (with respect to car accidents) using a questionnaire. We investigated the association between speech data and future accident risk using statistical analysis and machine learning models. Results We found that older drivers (n=60) with accident or near-accident experiences had statistically discernible differences in speech features that suggest cognitive impairment such as reduced speech rate (P=.048) and increased response time (P=.040). Moreover, the model that used speech features could predict future accident or near-accident experiences with 81.7% accuracy, which was 6.7% higher than that using cognitive assessment data, and could achieve up to 88.3% accuracy when the model used both types of data. Conclusions Our study provides the first empirical results that suggest analysis of speech data recorded during interactions with voice assistants could help predict future accident risk for older drivers by capturing subtle impairments in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miyuki Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Aungst T, Franzese C, Kim Y. Digital health implications for clinical pharmacists services: A primer on the current landscape and future concerns. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Aungst
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Worcester Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Yoona Kim
- Arine, Inc. San Francisco California USA
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124
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Wang C, Qi H. Visualising the knowledge structure and evolution of wearable device research. J Med Eng Technol 2021; 45:207-222. [PMID: 33769166 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2021.1891314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the literature associated with wearable devices has grown rapidly, but few studies have used bibliometrics and a visualisation approach to conduct deep mining and reveal a panorama of the wearable devices field. To explore the foundational knowledge and research hotspots of the wearable devices field, this study conducted a series of bibliometric analyses on the related literature, including papers' production trends in the field and the distribution of countries, a keyword co-occurrence analysis, theme evolution analysis and research hotspots and trends for the future. By conducting a literature content analysis and structure analysis, we found the following: (a) The subject evolution path includes sensor research, sensitivity research and multi-functional device research. (b) Wearable device research focuses on information collection, sensor materials, manufacturing technology and application, artificial intelligence technology application, energy supply and medical applications. The future development trend will be further studied in combination with big data analysis, telemedicine and personalised precision medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Health informatics and Management, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Qi
- Department of Health informatics and Management, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Rafiei R, Williams C, Jiang J, Aungst TD, Durrer M, Tran D, Howald R. Digital Health Integration Assessment and Maturity of the United States Biopharmaceutical Industry: Forces Driving the Next Generation of Connected Autoinjectable Devices. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e25406. [PMID: 33621188 PMCID: PMC8088878 DOI: 10.2196/25406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinjectable devices continue to provide real-life benefits for patients with chronic conditions since their widespread adoption 30 years ago with the rise of macromolecules. Nonetheless, issues surrounding adherence, patient administration techniques, disease self-management, and data outcomes at scale persist despite product design innovation. The interface of drug device combination products and digital health technologies formulates a value proposition for next-generation autoinjectable devices to power the delivery of precision care at home and achieve the full potential of biologics. Success will largely be dependent on biopharma’s digital health maturity to implement this framework. This viewpoint measures the digital health maturity of the top 15 biopharmaceutical companies in the US biologics autoinjector market and establishes the framework for next-generation autoinjectable devices powering home-based precision care and the need for formal digital health training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Timothy Dy Aungst
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, MCPHS University, Worcester, MA, United States
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Karki HP, Jang Y, Jung J, Oh J. Advances in the development paradigm of biosample-based biosensors for early ultrasensitive detection of alzheimer's disease. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:72. [PMID: 33750392 PMCID: PMC7945670 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights current developments, challenges, and future directions for the use of invasive and noninvasive biosample-based small biosensors for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with biomarkers to incite a conceptual idea from a broad number of readers in this field. We provide the most promising concept about biosensors on the basis of detection scale (from femto to micro) using invasive and noninvasive biosamples such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, urine, sweat, and tear. It also summarizes sensor types and detailed analyzing techniques for ultrasensitive detection of multiple target biomarkers (i.e., amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, tau protein, Acetylcholine (Ach), microRNA137, etc.) of AD in terms of detection ranges and limit of detections (LODs). As the most significant disadvantage of CSF and blood-based detection of AD is associated with the invasiveness of sample collection which limits future strategy with home-based early screening of AD, we extensively reviewed the future trend of new noninvasive detection techniques (such as optical screening and bio-imaging process). To overcome the limitation of non-invasive biosamples with low concentrations of AD biomarkers, current efforts to enhance the sensitivity of biosensors and discover new types of biomarkers using non-invasive body fluids are presented. We also introduced future trends facing an infection point in early diagnosis of AD with simultaneous emergence of addressable innovative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Prakash Karki
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Yeongseok Jang
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Jinmu Jung
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
- Department of Nano-bio Mechanical System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
| | - Jonghyun Oh
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
- Department of Nano-bio Mechanical System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
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Dockendorf MF, Hansen BJ, Bateman KP, Moyer M, Shah JK, Shipley LA. Digitally Enabled, Patient-Centric Clinical Trials: Shifting the Drug Development Paradigm. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:445-459. [PMID: 33048475 PMCID: PMC7993267 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly advancing field of digital health technologies provides a great opportunity to radically transform the way clinical trials are conducted and to shift the clinical trial paradigm from a site-centric to a patient-centric model. Merck's (Kenilworth, NJ) digitally enabled clinical trial initiative is focused on introduction of digital technologies into the clinical trial paradigm to reduce patient burden, improve drug adherence, provide a means of more closely engaging with the patient, and enable higher quality, faster, and more frequent data collection. This paper will describe the following four key areas of focus from Merck's digitally enabled clinical trials initiative, along with corresponding enabling technologies: (i) use of technologies that can monitor and improve drug adherence (smart dosing), (ii) collection of pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), and biomarker samples in an outpatient setting (patient-centric sampling), (iii) use of digital devices to collect and measure physiological and behavioral data (digital biomarkers), and (iv) use of data platforms that integrate digital data streams, visualize data in real-time, and provide a means of greater patient engagement during the trial (digital platform). Furthermore, this paper will discuss the synergistic power in implementation of these approaches jointly within a trial to enable better understanding of adherence, safety, efficacy, PK, PD, and corresponding exposure-response relationships of investigational therapies as well as reduced patient burden for clinical trial participation. Obstacle and challenges to adoption and full realization of the vision of patient-centric, digitally enabled trials will also be discussed.
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Varma VR, Ghosal R, Hillel I, Volfson D, Weiss J, Urbanek J, Hausdorff JM, Zipunnikov V, Watts A. Continuous gait monitoring discriminates community-dwelling mild Alzheimer's disease from cognitively normal controls. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12131. [PMID: 33598530 PMCID: PMC7864220 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have explored whether gait measured continuously within a community setting can identify individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study tests the feasibility of this method to identify individuals at the earliest stage of AD. METHODS Mild AD (n = 38) and cognitively normal control (CNC; n = 48) participants from the University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center Registry wore a GT3x+ accelerometer continuously for 7 days to assess gait. Penalized logistic regression with repeated five-fold cross-validation followed by adjusted logistic regression was used to identify gait metrics with the highest predictive performance in discriminating mild AD from CNC. RESULTS Variability in step velocity and cadence had the highest predictive utility in identifying individuals with mild AD. Metrics were also associated with cognitive domains impacted in early AD. DISCUSSION Continuous gait monitoring may be a scalable method to identify individuals at-risk for developing dementia within large, population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay R. Varma
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience SectionLaboratory of Behavioral NeuroscienceNational Institute on Aging (NIA)National Institutes of Health (NIH)BaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rahul Ghosal
- Department of BiostatisticsJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Inbar Hillel
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and MobilityTel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Neurological InstituteTel AvivIsrael
| | - Dmitri Volfson
- Neuroscience AnalyticsComputational Biology, TakedaCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Department of DemographyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jacek Urbanek
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and MobilityTel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Neurological InstituteTel AvivIsrael
- Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryRush University Medical CenterChicagoUSA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of BiostatisticsJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Amber Watts
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
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Zhaoyang R, Sliwinski MJ, Martire LM, Katz MJ, Scott SB. Features of daily social interactions that discriminate between older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 79:gbab019. [PMID: 33528558 PMCID: PMC10935459 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Detecting subtle behavioral changes in everyday life as early signs of cognitive decline and impairment is important for effective early intervention against Alzheimer's disease. This study examined whether features of daily social interactions captured by ecological momentary assessments could serve as more sensitive behavioral markers to distinguish older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from those without MCI, as compared to conventional global measures of social relationships. METHOD Participants were 311 community dwelling older adults (aged 70 to 90 years) who reported their social interactions and socializing activities five times daily for 14 consecutive days using smartphones. RESULTS Compared to those with normal cognitive function, older adults classified as MCI reported less frequent total and positive social interactions and less frequent in-person socializing activities on a daily basis. Older adults with and without MCI, however, did not show differences in most features of social relationships assessed by conventional global measures. DISCUSSION These results suggest that certain features of daily social interactions (quality and quantity) could serve as sensitive and ecologically valid behavioral markers to facilitate the detection of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Zhaoyang
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Martin J Sliwinski
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Lynn M Martire
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Mindy J Katz
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Stacey B Scott
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
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130
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Lee S, Cho EJ, Kwak HB. Personalized Healthcare for Dementia. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9020128. [PMID: 33525656 PMCID: PMC7910906 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is one of the most common health problems affecting older adults, and the population with dementia is growing. Dementia refers to a comprehensive syndrome rather than a specific disease and is characterized by the loss of cognitive abilities. Many factors are related to dementia, such as aging, genetic profile, systemic vascular disease, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity. As the causes and types of dementia are diverse, personalized healthcare is required. In this review, we first summarize various diagnostic approaches associated with dementia. Particularly, clinical diagnosis methods, biomarkers, neuroimaging, and digital biomarkers based on advances in data science and wearable devices are comprehensively reviewed. We then discuss three effective approaches to treating dementia, including engineering design, exercise, and diet. In the engineering design section, recent advances in monitoring and drug delivery systems for dementia are introduced. Additionally, we describe the effects of exercise on the treatment of dementia, especially focusing on the effects of aerobic and resistance training on cognitive function, and the effects of diets such as the Mediterranean diet and ketogenic diet on dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Lee
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.L.); (E.-J.C.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Cho
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.L.); (E.-J.C.)
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.L.); (E.-J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-8183
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Galvin JE, Aisen P, Langbaum JB, Rodriguez E, Sabbagh M, Stefanacci R, Stern RA, Vassey EA, de Wilde A, West N, Rubino I. Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease: Evolving the Care Team for Optimal Patient Management. Front Neurol 2021; 11:592302. [PMID: 33551954 PMCID: PMC7863984 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.592302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that creates complex challenges and a significant burden for patients and caregivers. Although underlying pathological changes due to AD may be detected in research studies decades prior to symptom onset, many patients in the early stages of AD remain undiagnosed in clinical practice. Increasing evidence points to the importance of an early and accurate AD diagnosis to optimize outcomes for patients and their families, yet many barriers remain along the diagnostic journey. Through a series of international working group meetings, a diverse group of experts contributed their perspectives to create a blueprint for a patient-centered diagnostic journey for individuals in the early stages of AD and an evolving, transdisciplinary care team. Here, we discuss key learnings, implications, and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Galvin
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Paul Aisen
- USC Alzheimer's Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Eric Rodriguez
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Marwan Sabbagh
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | | | - Robert A. Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Vassey
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arno de Wilde
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neva West
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Kohli M, Moore DJ, Moore RC. Using health technology to capture digital phenotyping data in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. AIDS 2021; 35:15-22. [PMID: 33048886 PMCID: PMC7718372 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maulika Kohli
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David J Moore
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Raeanne C Moore
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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Point of care TECHNOLOGIES. Digit Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818914-6.00008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Wong-Lin K, McClean PL, McCombe N, Kaur D, Sanchez-Bornot JM, Gillespie P, Todd S, Finn DP, Joshi A, Kane J, McGuinness B. Shaping a data-driven era in dementia care pathway through computational neurology approaches. BMC Med 2020; 18:398. [PMID: 33323116 PMCID: PMC7738245 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is caused by a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and is associated with a decline in memory and other cognitive abilities, while inflicting an enormous socioeconomic burden. The complexity of dementia and its associated comorbidities presents immense challenges for dementia research and care, particularly in clinical decision-making. MAIN BODY Despite the lack of disease-modifying therapies, there is an increasing and urgent need to make timely and accurate clinical decisions in dementia diagnosis and prognosis to allow appropriate care and treatment. However, the dementia care pathway is currently suboptimal. We propose that through computational approaches, understanding of dementia aetiology could be improved, and dementia assessments could be more standardised, objective and efficient. In particular, we suggest that these will involve appropriate data infrastructure, the use of data-driven computational neurology approaches and the development of practical clinical decision support systems. We also discuss the technical, structural, economic, political and policy-making challenges that accompany such implementations. CONCLUSION The data-driven era for dementia research has arrived with the potential to transform the healthcare system, creating a more efficient, transparent and personalised service for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- KongFatt Wong-Lin
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee Campus, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Paula L McClean
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Magee Campus, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Niamh McCombe
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee Campus, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Daman Kaur
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Magee Campus, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jose M Sanchez-Bornot
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee Campus, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paddy Gillespie
- Health Economics and Policy Analysis Centre, Discipline of Economics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stephen Todd
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alok Joshi
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee Campus, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Joseph Kane
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Health Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Health Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Jayakumar P, Lin E, Galea V, Mathew AJ, Panda N, Vetter I, Haynes AB. Digital Phenotyping and Patient-Generated Health Data for Outcome Measurement in Surgical Care: A Scoping Review. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E282. [PMID: 33333915 PMCID: PMC7765378 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital phenotyping-the moment-by-moment quantification of human phenotypes in situ using data related to activity, behavior, and communications, from personal digital devices, such as smart phones and wearables-has been gaining interest. Personalized health information captured within free-living settings using such technologies may better enable the application of patient-generated health data (PGHD) to provide patient-centered care. The primary objective of this scoping review is to characterize the application of digital phenotyping and digitally captured active and passive PGHD for outcome measurement in surgical care. Secondarily, we synthesize the body of evidence to define specific areas for further work. We performed a systematic search of four bibliographic databases using terms related to "digital phenotyping and PGHD," "outcome measurement," and "surgical care" with no date limits. We registered the study (Open Science Framework), followed strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, performed screening, extraction, and synthesis of results in line with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. A total of 224 studies were included. Published studies have accelerated in the last 5 years, originating in 29 countries (mostly from the USA, n = 74, 33%), featuring original prospective work (n = 149, 66%). Studies spanned 14 specialties, most commonly orthopedic surgery (n = 129, 58%), and had a postoperative focus (n = 210, 94%). Most of the work involved research-grade wearables (n = 130, 58%), prioritizing the capture of activity (n = 165, 74%) and biometric data (n = 100, 45%), with a view to providing a tracking/monitoring function (n = 115, 51%) for the management of surgical patients. Opportunities exist for further work across surgical specialties involving smartphones, communications data, comparison with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), applications focusing on prediction of outcomes, monitoring, risk profiling, shared decision making, and surgical optimization. The rapidly evolving state of the art in digital phenotyping and capture of PGHD offers exciting prospects for outcome measurement in surgical care pending further work and consideration related to clinical care, technology, and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Jayakumar
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (E.L.); (A.J.M.); (A.B.H.)
| | - Eugenia Lin
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (E.L.); (A.J.M.); (A.B.H.)
| | - Vincent Galea
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Abraham J. Mathew
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (E.L.); (A.J.M.); (A.B.H.)
| | - Nikhil Panda
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Imelda Vetter
- Department of Medical Education, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Alex B. Haynes
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (E.L.); (A.J.M.); (A.B.H.)
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Bjorklund NL, Fillit H, Malzbender K, Purushothama S, Kourtis L. The need for a harmonized speech dataset for Alzheimer’s disease biomarker development. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary is the product of a concerted effort to understand the needs, barriers, and gaps in the field of speech and language biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It distills interviews, surveys, and extensive correspondence with global leaders in the areas of dementia research, clinical trials, linguistics, and data analytics into an idealized clinical-study design for the harmonized collection of voice recordings. The ultimate goal of the effort is to democratize the ongoing speech and language analytics efforts by making such rich datasets available to the wider research ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Howard Fillit
- Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | | | | | - Lampros Kourtis
- Gates Ventures, Kirkland, WA 98033, USA; Circadic, Arlington, MA 02476, USA; Clinical & Translational Science Institute, Tufts University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Tang D, Hu J, Liu H, Li Z, Shi Q, Zhao G, Gao B, Lou J, Yao C, Xu F. Diagnosis and prognosis for exercise-induced muscle injuries: from conventional imaging to emerging point-of-care testing. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38847-38860. [PMID: 35518400 PMCID: PMC9057463 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07321k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of modern society, we have witnessed a significant increase of people who join in sport exercises, which also brings significantly increasing exercise-induced muscle injuries, resulting in reduction and even cessation of participation in sports and physical activities. Although severely injured muscles can hardly realize full functional restoration, skeletal muscles subjected to minor muscle injuries (e.g., tears, lacerations, and contusions) hold remarkable regeneration capacity to be healed without therapeutic interventions. However, delayed diagnosis or inappropriate prognosis will cause exacerbation of the injuries. Therefore, timely diagnosis and prognosis of muscle injuries is important to the recovery of injured muscles. Here, in this review, we discuss the definition and classification of exercise-induced muscle injuries, and then analyze their underlying mechanism. Subsequently, we provide detailed introductions to both conventional and emerging techniques for evaluation of exercise-induced muscle injuries with focus on emerging portable and wearable devices for point-of-care testing (POCT). Finally, we point out existing challenges and prospects in this field. We envision that an integrated system that combines physiological and biochemical analyses is anticipated to be realized in the future for assessing muscle injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deding Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Maanshan Teachers College Ma Anshan 243041 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Jie Hu
- Suzhou DiYinAn Biotech Co., Ltd., Suzhou Innovation Center for Life Science and Technology Suzhou 215129 P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Zedong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wuhu 241000 P. R. China
| | - Guoxu Zhao
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University Xi'an 710038 P. R. China
| | - Jiatao Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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138
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Robin J, Harrison JE, Kaufman LD, Rudzicz F, Simpson W, Yancheva M. Evaluation of Speech-Based Digital Biomarkers: Review and Recommendations. Digit Biomark 2020; 4:99-108. [PMID: 33251474 DOI: 10.1159/000510820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech represents a promising novel biomarker by providing a window into brain health, as shown by its disruption in various neurological and psychiatric diseases. As with many novel digital biomarkers, however, rigorous evaluation is currently lacking and is required for these measures to be used effectively and safely. This paper outlines and provides examples from the literature of evaluation steps for speech-based digital biomarkers, based on the recent V3 framework (Goldsack et al., 2020). The V3 framework describes 3 components of evaluation for digital biomarkers: verification, analytical validation, and clinical validation. Verification includes assessing the quality of speech recordings and comparing the effects of hardware and recording conditions on the integrity of the recordings. Analytical validation includes checking the accuracy and reliability of data processing and computed measures, including understanding test-retest reliability, demographic variability, and comparing measures to reference standards. Clinical validity involves verifying the correspondence of a measure to clinical outcomes which can include diagnosis, disease progression, or response to treatment. For each of these sections, we provide recommendations for the types of evaluation necessary for speech-based biomarkers and review published examples. The examples in this paper focus on speech-based biomarkers, but they can be used as a template for digital biomarker development more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Harrison
- Metis Cognition Ltd., Park House, Kilmington Common, Warminster, United Kingdom.,Alzheimer Center, AUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frank Rudzicz
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Simpson
- Winterlight Labs, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease using Dual-task Gait Assessments and Machine Learning. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020; 64. [PMID: 33123214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) can increase access to treatment and assist in advance care planning. However, the development of a diagnostic system that d7oes not heavily depend on cognitive testing is a major challenge. We describe a diagnostic algorithm based solely on gait and machine learning to detect MCI and AD from healthy. Methods We collected "single-tasking" gait (walking) and "dual-tasking" gait (walking with cognitive tasks) from 32 healthy, 26 MCI, and 20 AD participants using a computerized walkway. Each participant was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). A set of gait features (e.g., mean, variance and asymmetry) were extracted. Significant features for three classifications of MCI/healthy, AD/healthy, and AD/MCI were identified. A support vector machine model in a one-vs.-one manner was trained for each classification, and the majority vote of the three models was assigned as healthy, MCI, or AD. Results The average classification accuracy of 5-fold cross-validation using only the gait features was 78% (77% F1-score), which was plausible when compared with the MoCA score with 83% accuracy (84% F1-score). The performance of healthy vs. MCI or AD was 86% (88% F1-score), which was comparable to 88% accuracy (90% F1-score) with MoCA. Conclusion Our results indicate the potential of machine learning and gait assessments as objective cognitive screening and diagnostic tools. Significance Gait-based cognitive screening can be easily adapted into clinical settings and may lead to early identification of cognitive impairment, so that early intervention strategies can be initiated.
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140
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Hampel H, Vergallo A. The Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic and the Brave New Digital World of Environmental Enrichment to Prevent Brain Aging and Cognitive Decline. JPAD-JOURNAL OF PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE 2020; 7:294-298. [PMID: 32920634 PMCID: PMC7355512 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2020.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Individuals experiencing brain aging, cognitive decline, and dementia are currently confronted with several more complex challenges due to the current Sars-Cov-2 pandemic as compared to younger and cognitively healthy people. During the first six months of the pandemic, we are experiencing critical issues related to the management of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. The evolving, highly contagious global viral spread has created a pressure test of unprecedented proportions for the existing brain health care infrastructure and related services for management, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Social distancing and lock-down measures are catalyzing and accelerating a technological paradigm shift, away from a traditional model of brain healthcare focused on late symptomatic disease stages and towards optimized preventive strategies to slow brain aging and increase resilience at preclinical asymptomatic stages. Digital technologies transform global healthcare for accessible equality of opportunities in order to generate better outcomes for brain aging aligned with the paradigm of preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hampel
- Harald Hampel and Andrea Vergallo, Eisai Inc., Neurology Business Group, 100 Tice Blvd, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA, Tel: (+1) 201-746-2060 (o) ;
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141
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Moon S, Song HJ, Sharma VD, Lyons KE, Pahwa R, Akinwuntan AE, Devos H. Classification of Parkinson's disease and essential tremor based on balance and gait characteristics from wearable motion sensors via machine learning techniques: a data-driven approach. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2020; 17:125. [PMID: 32917244 PMCID: PMC7488406 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-020-00756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) are movement disorders that can have similar clinical characteristics including tremor and gait difficulty. These disorders can be misdiagnosed leading to delay in appropriate treatment. The aim of the study was to determine whether balance and gait variables obtained with wearable inertial motion sensors can be utilized to differentiate between PD and ET using machine learning. Additionally, we compared classification performances of several machine learning models. METHODS This retrospective study included balance and gait variables collected during the instrumented stand and walk test from people with PD (n = 524) and with ET (n = 43). Performance of several machine learning techniques including neural networks, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, random forest, and gradient boosting, were compared with a dummy model or logistic regression using F1-scores. RESULTS Machine learning models classified PD and ET based on balance and gait characteristics better than the dummy model (F1-score = 0.48) or logistic regression (F1-score = 0.53). The highest F1-score was 0.61 of neural network, followed by 0.59 of gradient boosting, 0.56 of random forest, 0.55 of support vector machine, 0.53 of decision tree, and 0.49 of k-nearest neighbor. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the utility of machine learning models to classify different movement disorders based on balance and gait characteristics collected from wearable sensors. Future studies using a well-balanced data set are needed to confirm the potential clinical utility of machine learning models to discern between PD and ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Moon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Hyun-Je Song
- Department of Information Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Vibhash D Sharma
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kelly E Lyons
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Rajesh Pahwa
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Abiodun E Akinwuntan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Office of the Dean, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hannes Devos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Olson NL, Albensi BC. Race- and Sex-Based Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Trial Enrollment in the United States and Canada: An Indigenous Perspective. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:325-344. [PMID: 33024940 PMCID: PMC7504979 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Randomized clinical trials (RCT) involve labor-intensive, highly regulated, and controlled processes intended to transform scientific concepts into clinical outcomes. To be effective and targeted, it is imperative they include those populations who would most benefit from those outcomes. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is most detrimental to the aging population, and its clinical manifestation is influenced by socio-economic factors such as poverty, poor education, stress, and chronic co-morbidities. Indigenous populations in the United States and Canada are among the minority populations most influenced by poor socio-economic conditions and are prone to the ravages of AD, with Indigenous women carrying the added burden of exposure to violence, caregiving stresses, and increased risk by virtue of their sex. Race- and sex-based disparities in RCT enrollment has occurred for decades, with Indigenous men and women very poorly represented. In this review, we examined literature from the last twenty years that reinforce these disparities and provide some concrete suggestions and guidelines to increase the enrollment numbers in AD RCT among this vulnerable and poorly represented population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Olson
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Kernebeck S, Busse TS, Böttcher MD, Weitz J, Ehlers J, Bork U. Impact of mobile health and medical applications on clinical practice in gastroenterology. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4182-4197. [PMID: 32848328 PMCID: PMC7422538 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i29.4182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile health apps (MHAs) and medical apps (MAs) are becoming increasingly popular as digital interventions in a wide range of health-related applications in almost all sectors of healthcare. The surge in demand for digital medical solutions has been accelerated by the need for new diagnostic and therapeutic methods in the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This also applies to clinical practice in gastroenterology, which has, in many respects, undergone a recent digital transformation with numerous consequences that will impact patients and health care professionals in the near future. MHAs and MAs are considered to have great potential, especially for chronic diseases, as they can support the self-management of patients in many ways. Despite the great potential associated with the application of MHAs and MAs in gastroenterology and health care in general, there are numerous challenges to be met in the future, including both the ethical and legal aspects of applying this technology. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current status of MHA and MA use in the field of gastroenterology, describe the future perspectives in this field and point out some of the challenges that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kernebeck
- Didactics and Educational Research in Health Science, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten 58455, Germany
| | - Theresa S Busse
- Didactics and Educational Research in Health Science, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten 58455, Germany
| | - Maximilian D Böttcher
- Department of GI-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Dresden Technical University, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of GI-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Dresden Technical University, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Jan Ehlers
- Didactics and Educational Research in Health Science, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten 58455, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bork
- Department of GI-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Dresden Technical University, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
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Brown EE, Kumar S, Rajji TK, Pollock BG, Mulsant BH. Anticipating and Mitigating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:712-721. [PMID: 32331845 PMCID: PMC7165101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is causing global morbidity and mortality, straining health systems, and disrupting society, putting individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) at risk of significant harm. In this Special Article, we examine the current and expected impact of the pandemic on individuals with ADRD. We discuss and propose mitigation strategies for: the risk of COVID-19 infection and its associated morbidity and mortality for individuals with ADRD; the impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and clinical management of ADRD; consequences of societal responses to COVID-19 in different ADRD care settings; the effect of COVID-19 on caregivers and physicians of individuals with ADRD; mental hygiene, trauma, and stigma in the time of COVID-19; and the potential impact of COVID-19 on ADRD research. Amid considerable uncertainty, we may be able to prevent or reduce the harm of the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences for individuals with ADRD and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Brown
- Department of Psychiatry (EEB, SK, TKR, BGP, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division (EEB, SK, TKR, BGP, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry (EEB, SK, TKR, BGP, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division (EEB, SK, TKR, BGP, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Department of Psychiatry (EEB, SK, TKR, BGP, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division (EEB, SK, TKR, BGP, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bruce G Pollock
- Department of Psychiatry (EEB, SK, TKR, BGP, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division (EEB, SK, TKR, BGP, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry (EEB, SK, TKR, BGP, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division (EEB, SK, TKR, BGP, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
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Abstract
Developing disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer dementia requires innovative approaches to identify novel biological targets during the course of the disease. Treatment development for the neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer may benefit from a mechanistic approach to treatment. There has been progress in identifying mild forms of behavioral impairment along the Alzheimer spectrum that may lead to additional insights into progression to dementia as well as the fundamental mechanisms of the symptoms. Developing therapies for complex neurobehavioral syndromes may require the translation of mechanistic insights into therapy, which may both improve the symptoms and delay progression to dementia in certain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milap A Nowrangi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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146
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Cirillo D, Catuara-Solarz S, Morey C, Guney E, Subirats L, Mellino S, Gigante A, Valencia A, Rementeria MJ, Chadha AS, Mavridis N. Sex and gender differences and biases in artificial intelligence for biomedicine and healthcare. NPJ Digit Med 2020; 3:81. [PMID: 32529043 PMCID: PMC7264169 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-0288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision Medicine implies a deep understanding of inter-individual differences in health and disease that are due to genetic and environmental factors. To acquire such understanding there is a need for the implementation of different types of technologies based on artificial intelligence (AI) that enable the identification of biomedically relevant patterns, facilitating progress towards individually tailored preventative and therapeutic interventions. Despite the significant scientific advances achieved so far, most of the currently used biomedical AI technologies do not account for bias detection. Furthermore, the design of the majority of algorithms ignore the sex and gender dimension and its contribution to health and disease differences among individuals. Failure in accounting for these differences will generate sub-optimal results and produce mistakes as well as discriminatory outcomes. In this review we examine the current sex and gender gaps in a subset of biomedical technologies used in relation to Precision Medicine. In addition, we provide recommendations to optimize their utilization to improve the global health and disease landscape and decrease inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cirillo
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), C/ Jordi Girona, 29, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvina Catuara-Solarz
- Telefonica Innovation Alpha Health, Torre Telefonica, Plaça d’Ernest Lluch i Martin, 5, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- The Women’s Brain Project (WBP), Guntershausen, Switzerland
| | - Czuee Morey
- The Women’s Brain Project (WBP), Guntershausen, Switzerland
- Wega Informatik AG, Aeschengraben 20, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emre Guney
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Research Institute and Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Subirats
- Eurecat - Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, C/ Bilbao, 72, Edifici A, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- eHealth Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simona Mellino
- The Women’s Brain Project (WBP), Guntershausen, Switzerland
| | | | - Alfonso Valencia
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), C/ Jordi Girona, 29, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Mavridis
- The Women’s Brain Project (WBP), Guntershausen, Switzerland
- Interactive Robots and Media Laboratory (IRML), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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147
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Kanzler CM, Rinderknecht MD, Schwarz A, Lamers I, Gagnon C, Held JPO, Feys P, Luft AR, Gassert R, Lambercy O. A data-driven framework for selecting and validating digital health metrics: use-case in neurological sensorimotor impairments. NPJ Digit Med 2020; 3:80. [PMID: 32529042 PMCID: PMC7260375 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital health metrics promise to advance the understanding of impaired body functions, for example in neurological disorders. However, their clinical integration is challenged by an insufficient validation of the many existing and often abstract metrics. Here, we propose a data-driven framework to select and validate a clinically relevant core set of digital health metrics extracted from a technology-aided assessment. As an exemplary use-case, the framework is applied to the Virtual Peg Insertion Test (VPIT), a technology-aided assessment of upper limb sensorimotor impairments. The framework builds on a use-case-specific pathophysiological motivation of metrics, models demographic confounds, and evaluates the most important clinimetric properties (discriminant validity, structural validity, reliability, measurement error, learning effects). Applied to 77 metrics of the VPIT collected from 120 neurologically intact and 89 affected individuals, the framework allowed selecting 10 clinically relevant core metrics. These assessed the severity of multiple sensorimotor impairments in a valid, reliable, and informative manner. These metrics provided added clinical value by detecting impairments in neurological subjects that did not show any deficits according to conventional scales, and by covering sensorimotor impairments of the arm and hand with a single assessment. The proposed framework provides a transparent, step-by-step selection procedure based on clinically relevant evidence. This creates an interesting alternative to established selection algorithms that optimize mathematical loss functions and are not always intuitive to retrace. This could help addressing the insufficient clinical integration of digital health metrics. For the VPIT, it allowed establishing validated core metrics, paving the way for their integration into neurorehabilitation trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M. Kanzler
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mike D. Rinderknecht
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Schwarz
- Division of Vascular Neurology and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cereneo Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Ilse Lamers
- REVAL, Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Rehabilitation and MS Center, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Cynthia Gagnon
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeremia P. O. Held
- Division of Vascular Neurology and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cereneo Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Peter Feys
- REVAL, Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Andreas R. Luft
- Division of Vascular Neurology and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cereneo Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Roger Gassert
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Lambercy
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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148
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Kolovson S, Pratap A, Duffy J, Allred R, Munson SA, Areán PA. Understanding Participant Needs for Engagement and Attitudes towards Passive Sensing in Remote Digital Health Studies. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR HEALTHCARE : [PROCEEDINGS]. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR HEALTHCARE 2020; 2020:347-362. [PMID: 33717638 PMCID: PMC7955667 DOI: 10.1145/3421937.3422025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Digital psychiatry is a rapidly growing area of research. Mobile assessment, including passive sensing, could improve research into human behavior and may afford opportunities for rapid treatment delivery. However, retention is poor in remote studies of depressed populations in which frequent assessment and passive monitoring are required. To improve engagement and understanding participant needs overall, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 people representative of a depressed population in a major metropolitan area. These interviews elicited feedback on strategies for long-term remote research engagement and attitudes towards passive data collection. Our results found participants were uncomfortable sharing vocal samples, need researchers to take a more active role in supporting their understanding of passive data collection, and wanted more transparency on how data were to be used in research. Despite these findings, participants trusted researchers with the collection of passive data. They further indicated that long term study retention could be improved with feedback and return of information based on the collected data. We suggest that researchers consider a more educational consent process, giving participants a choice about the types of data they share in the design of digital health apps, and consider supporting feedback in the design to improve engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek Pratap
- Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington Sage Bionetworks
| | - Jaden Duffy
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Ryan Allred
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Sean A Munson
- Human Centered Design & Engineering, University of Washington
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149
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Goldsack JC, Coravos A, Bakker JP, Bent B, Dowling AV, Fitzer-Attas C, Godfrey A, Godino JG, Gujar N, Izmailova E, Manta C, Peterson B, Vandendriessche B, Wood WA, Wang KW, Dunn J. Verification, analytical validation, and clinical validation (V3): the foundation of determining fit-for-purpose for Biometric Monitoring Technologies (BioMeTs). NPJ Digit Med 2020; 3:55. [PMID: 32337371 PMCID: PMC7156507 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-0260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital medicine is an interdisciplinary field, drawing together stakeholders with expertize in engineering, manufacturing, clinical science, data science, biostatistics, regulatory science, ethics, patient advocacy, and healthcare policy, to name a few. Although this diversity is undoubtedly valuable, it can lead to confusion regarding terminology and best practices. There are many instances, as we detail in this paper, where a single term is used by different groups to mean different things, as well as cases where multiple terms are used to describe essentially the same concept. Our intent is to clarify core terminology and best practices for the evaluation of Biometric Monitoring Technologies (BioMeTs), without unnecessarily introducing new terms. We focus on the evaluation of BioMeTs as fit-for-purpose for use in clinical trials. However, our intent is for this framework to be instructional to all users of digital measurement tools, regardless of setting or intended use. We propose and describe a three-component framework intended to provide a foundational evaluation framework for BioMeTs. This framework includes (1) verification, (2) analytical validation, and (3) clinical validation. We aim for this common vocabulary to enable more effective communication and collaboration, generate a common and meaningful evidence base for BioMeTs, and improve the accessibility of the digital medicine field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Coravos
- Digital Medicine Society (DiMe), Boston, MA USA
- Elektra Labs, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jessie P. Bakker
- Digital Medicine Society (DiMe), Boston, MA USA
- Philips, Monroeville, PA USA
| | - Brinnae Bent
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | | | | | - Alan Godfrey
- Computer and Information Sciences Department, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Job G. Godino
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Ninad Gujar
- Samsung Neurologica, Danvers, MA USA
- Curis Advisors, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Elena Izmailova
- Digital Medicine Society (DiMe), Boston, MA USA
- Koneksa Health, New York, USA
| | - Christine Manta
- Digital Medicine Society (DiMe), Boston, MA USA
- Elektra Labs, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Benjamin Vandendriessche
- Byteflies, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - William A. Wood
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Ke Will Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jessilyn Dunn
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
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150
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Lancaster C, Koychev I, Blane J, Chinner A, Wolters L, Hinds C. Evaluating the Feasibility of Frequent Cognitive Assessment Using the Mezurio Smartphone App: Observational and Interview Study in Adults With Elevated Dementia Risk. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e16142. [PMID: 32238339 PMCID: PMC7163418 DOI: 10.2196/16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background By enabling frequent, sensitive, and economic remote assessment, smartphones will facilitate the detection of early cognitive decline at scale. Previous studies have sustained participant engagement with remote cognitive assessment over a week; extending this to a period of 1 month clearly provides a greater opportunity for measurement. However, as study durations are increased, the need to understand how participant burden and scientific value might be optimally balanced also increases. Objective This study explored the little but often approach to assessment employed by the Mezurio app when prompting participants to interact every day for over a month. Specifically, this study aimed to understand whether this extended duration of remote study is feasible, and which factors promote sustained participant engagement over such periods. Methods A total of 35 adults (aged 40-59 years) with no diagnosis of cognitive impairment were prompted to interact with the Mezurio smartphone app platform for up to 36 days, completing short, daily episodic memory tasks in addition to optional executive function and language tests. A subset (n=20) of participants completed semistructured interviews focused on their experience of using the app. Results Participants complied with 80% of the daily learning tasks scheduled for subsequent tests of episodic memory, with 88% of participants still actively engaged by the final task. A thematic analysis of the participants’ experiences highlighted schedule flexibility, a clear user interface, and performance feedback as important considerations for engagement with remote digital assessment. Conclusions Despite the extended study duration, participants demonstrated high compliance with the schedule of daily learning tasks and were extremely positive about their experiences. Long durations of remote digital interaction are therefore definitely feasible but only when careful attention is paid to the design of the users’ experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lancaster
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Koychev
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Blane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Chinner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leona Wolters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Hinds
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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