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Novel n-3 Docosapentaneoic Acid-Derived Pro-resolving Mediators Are Vasculoprotective and Mediate the Actions of Statins in Controlling Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1161:65-75. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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102
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Tungen JE, Gerstmann L, Vik A, De Matteis R, Colas RA, Dalli J, Chiang N, Serhan CN, Kalesse M, Hansen TV. Resolving Inflammation: Synthesis, Configurational Assignment, and Biological Evaluations of RvD1 n-3 DPA. Chemistry 2018; 25:1476-1480. [PMID: 30511787 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New drugs that can resolve inflammation without immunosuppressive effects are at the medicinal chemistry frontier. Pro-resolving endogenously formed small molecules, that is, the resolvins, are excellent candidates displaying such bioactions. The first total synthesis of the specialized pro-resolving mediator RvD1n-3 DPA has been achieved using the underutilized sp3 -sp3 Negishi cross coupling reaction and an alkyne hydrosilylation-protodesilylation protocol. Biological evaluations revealed that this novel mediator displays low nanomolar pro-resolving properties and potently activates the human DRV1/GPR32 receptor. As such, this endogenous natural product is a lead compound for the development of novel immunoresolvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn Eivind Tungen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Gerstmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover and Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover (Germany), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anders Vik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roberta De Matteis
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Center for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Romain Alexandre Colas
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Center for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Center for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Charles Nicholas Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover and Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover (Germany), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway
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103
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Krishnamoorthy N, Abdulnour REE, Walker KH, Engstrom BD, Levy BD. Specialized Proresolving Mediators in Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Airway Diseases. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1335-1370. [PMID: 29717929 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne pathogens and environmental stimuli evoke immune responses in the lung. It is critical to health that these responses be controlled to prevent tissue damage and the compromise of organ function. Resolution of inflammation is a dynamic process that is coordinated by biochemical and cellular mechanisms. Recently, specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) have been identified in resolution exudates. These molecules orchestrate anti-inflammatory and proresolving actions that are cell type specific. In this review, we highlight SPM biosynthesis, the influence of SPMs on the innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung, as well as recent insights from SPMs on inflammatory disease pathophysiology. Uncovering these mediators and cellular mechanisms for resolution is providing new windows into physiology and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raja-Elie E Abdulnour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine H Walker
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Braden D Engstrom
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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104
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Lotfi R, Rezaiemanesh A, Mortazavi SH, Karaji AG, Salari F. Immunoresolvents in asthma and allergic diseases: Review and update. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8579-8596. [PMID: 30488527 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and allergic diseases are inflammatory conditions developed by excessive reaction of the immune system against normally harmless environmental substances. Although acute inflammation is necessary to eradicate the damaging agents, shifting to chronic inflammation can be potentially detrimental. Essential fatty-acids-derived immunoresolvents, namely, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, are anti-inflammatory compounds that are believed to have protective and beneficial effects in inflammatory disorders, including asthma and allergies. Accordingly, impaired biosynthesis and defective production of immunoresolvents could be involved in the development of chronic inflammation. In this review, recent evidence on the anti-inflam]matory effects of immunoresolvents, their enzymatic biosynthesis routes, as well as their receptors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Lotfi
- Student Research Committee, Department of immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamidreza Mortazavi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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105
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Gagnon KJ, Lefort N, Poirier SJ, Barnett DA, Surette ME. 5-lipoxygenase-dependent biosynthesis of novel 20:4 n-3 metabolites with anti-inflammatory activity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 138:38-44. [PMID: 30392579 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) into pro-inflammatory leukotrienes. N-3 PUFA like eicosapentaenoic acid are subject to a similar metabolism and are precursors of pro-resolving mediators. Stearidonic acid (18:4 n-3, SDA) is a plant source of n-3 PUFA that is elongated to 20:4 n-3, an analogue of AA. However, no 5-LO metabolites of 20:4 n-3 have been reported. In this study, control and 5-LO-expressing HEK293 cells were stimulated in the presence of 20:4 n-3. Metabolites were characterized by LC-MS/MS and their anti-inflammatory properties assessed using AA-induced autocrine neutrophil stimulation and leukotriene B4-mediated chemotaxis. 8‑hydroxy‑9,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid (Δ17-8-HETE) and 8,15-dihydroxy-9,11,13,17-eicosatetraenoic acid (Δ17-8,15-diHETE) were identified as novel metabolites. Δ17-8,15-diHETE production was inhibited by the leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor SC 57461A. Autocrine neutrophil leukotriene stimulation and neutrophil chemotaxis, both BLT1-dependent processes, were inhibited by Δ17-8,15-diHETE at low nM concentrations. These data support an anti-inflammatory role for Δ17-8,15-diHETE, a novel 5-LO product.
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Key Words
- AA, arachidonic acid
- ADA, adenosine deaminase
- ALA, alpha-linolenic acid
- Abbreviations: 19-OH-PGB(2), 19(R)-hydroxy-prostaglandin B(2)
- BLT1, leukotriene B(4) receptor 1
- DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
- DPA, docosapentaenoic acid
- ETA, eicosatetraenoic acid
- Eicosanoids
- EtOH, ethanol
- HpETE, hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
- Inflammation
- LO, lipoxygenase
- LTA(4), leukotriene A(4)
- LTB(4), leukotriene B(4)
- LTC(4), leukotriene C(4)
- Leukotrienes
- Lipid mediators
- MeOH, methanol
- NEM, N-ethylmaleimide
- Neutrophils
- RP-HPLC, reverse phase-HPLC
- SDA, stearidonic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Gagnon
- Départment de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - N Lefort
- Départment de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - S J Poirier
- Départment de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - D A Barnett
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - M E Surette
- Départment de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
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106
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Comparative effects of dietary n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), DHA and EPA on plasma lipid parameters, oxidative status and fatty acid tissue composition. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 63:186-196. [PMID: 30412907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The specific and shared physiologic and metabolic effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and even more of n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) are poorly known. We investigated the physiological effects and the overall fatty acid tissue composition of a nutritional supplementation of DPA compared both to EPA and DHA in healthy adult rats. Rats (n=32) were fed with semisynthetic diets supplemented or not with 1% of total lipids as EPA, DPA or DHA in ethyl esters form from weaning for 6 weeks. Fatty acid tissue composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and blood assays were performed. The DPA supplementation was the only one that led to a decrease in plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, cholesterol esters and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio compared to the nonsupplemented control group. The three supplemented groups had increased plasma total antioxidant status and superoxide dismutase activity. In all supplemented groups, the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid level increased in all studied tissues (liver, heart, lung, spleen, kidney, red blood cells, splenocytes, peripheral mononucleated cells) except in the brain. We showed that the DPA supplementation affected the overall fatty acid composition and increased DPA, EPA and DHA tissue contents in a similar way than with EPA. However, liver and heart DHA contents increased in DPA-fed rats at the same levels than in DHA-fed rats. Moreover, a large part of DPA seemed to be retroconverted into EPA in the liver (38.5%) and in the kidney (68.6%). In addition, the digestibility of DPA was lower than that of DHA and EPA.
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107
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Jonasdottir HS, Brouwers H, Toes REM, Ioan-Facsinay A, Giera M. Effects of anticoagulants and storage conditions on clinical oxylipid levels in human plasma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1511-1522. [PMID: 30308322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics and lipidomics are of fundamental importance to personalized healthcare. Particularly the analysis of bioactive lipids is of relevance to a better understanding of various diseases. Within clinical routines, blood derived samples are widely used for diagnostic and research purposes. Hence, standardized and validated procedures for blood collection and storage are mandatory, in order to guarantee sample integrity and relevant study outcomes. We here investigated different plasma storage conditions and their effect on plasma fatty acid and oxylipid levels. Our data clearly indicate the importance of storage conditions for plasma lipidomic analysis. Storage at very low temperature (-80 °C) and the addition of methanol directly after sampling are the most important measures to avoid ex vivo synthesis of oxylipids. Furthermore, we identified critical analytes being affected under certain storage conditions. Finally, we carried out chiral analysis and found possible residual enzymatic activity to be one of the contributors to the ex vivo formation of oxylipids even at -20 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulda S Jonasdottir
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Brouwers
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andreea Ioan-Facsinay
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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108
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Drouin G, Guillocheau E, Catheline D, Baudry C, Le Ruyet P, Rioux V, Legrand P. Impact of n-3 Docosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation on Fatty Acid Composition in Rat Differs Depending upon Tissues and Is Influenced by the Presence of Dairy Lipids in the Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9976-9988. [PMID: 30056717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) could be a novel source of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) with beneficial physiological effects. Following the supplementation of 0.5% purified n-3 DPA for 3 weeks from weaning, the n-3 DPA content increased in one-half of the 18 studied tissues (from +50% to +110%, p < 0.05) and mostly affected the spleen, lung, heart, liver, and bone marrow. The n-3 DPA was slightly converted into DHA (+20% in affected tissues, p < 0.05) and mostly retroconverted into EPA (35-46% of n-3 DPA intake in liver and kidney) showing an increased content of these LCPUFA in specific tissues. The partial incorporation of dairy lipids in the diet for 6 weeks increased overall n-3 PUFA status and brain DHA status. Furthermore, the n-3 DPA supplementation and dairy lipids had an additive effect on the increase of n-3 PUFA tissue contents. Moreover, n-3 DPA supplementation decreased plasma cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Drouin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition , Agrocampus Ouest , Rennes F-35000 , France
| | - Etienne Guillocheau
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition , Agrocampus Ouest , Rennes F-35000 , France
| | - Daniel Catheline
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition , Agrocampus Ouest , Rennes F-35000 , France
| | | | | | - Vincent Rioux
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition , Agrocampus Ouest , Rennes F-35000 , France
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition , Agrocampus Ouest , Rennes F-35000 , France
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109
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Tungen JE, Aursnes M, Ramon S, Colas RA, Serhan CN, Olberg DE, Nuruddin S, Willoch F, Hansen TV. Synthesis of protectin D1 analogs: novel pro-resolution and radiotracer agents. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6818-6823. [PMID: 30204204 PMCID: PMC6309860 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protectin D1 is a specialized pro-resolving mediator with potent pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo in several human disease models. Herein the preparation of the first synthetic analog of protectin D1, named 22-F-PD1, is presented together with data from in vivo investigations. This analog showed potent pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory properties. These results inspired the preparation of the radiotracer 22-[18F]F-PD1-ME that was used in a positron emission tomography proof of concept study. Altogether, the findings presented contribute to new knowledge on the biomolecular properties of protectin D1 analogs. In addition, an improved formal synthesis of the metabolite 22-OH-PD1 is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Tungen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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110
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Conte MS, Desai TA, Wu B, Schaller M, Werlin E. Pro-resolving lipid mediators in vascular disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3727-3735. [PMID: 30168805 PMCID: PMC6118638 DOI: 10.1172/jci97947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Unresolved inflammation is central to the pathophysiology of commonly occurring vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, aneurysm, and deep vein thrombosis - conditions that are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. Surgical or catheter-based procedures performed on affected blood vessels induce acute-on-chronic inflammatory responses. The resolution of vascular inflammation is an important driver of vessel wall remodeling and functional recovery in these clinical settings. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids orchestrate key cellular processes driving resolution and a return to homeostasis. The identification of their potent effects in classic animal models of sterile inflammation triggered interest in their vascular properties. Recent studies have demonstrated that SPMs are locally synthesized in vascular tissues, have direct effects on vascular cells and their interactions with leukocytes, and play a protective role in the injury response. Early translational work has established the potential for SPMs as vascular therapeutics, and as candidate biomarkers in vascular disease. Further investigations are needed to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of resolution in the vasculature, to improve tools for clinical measurement, and to better define the potential for "resolution therapeutics" in vascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Conte
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bian Wu
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Melinda Schaller
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Evan Werlin
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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111
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Chistyakov DV, Astakhova AA, Sergeeva MG. Resolution of inflammation and mood disorders. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:190-201. [PMID: 30098318 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Relationship between mood disorders and inflammation is now well-documented, although molecular mechanisms are not understood. Previously mostly pro-inflammatory cytokines of immune system (IL-6, TNF, etc.) were taken into account. However, recent understanding of resolution of inflammation as an active process drew attention to mediators of resolution, which include both proteins and ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids derivatives (resolvins, cyclopentenone prostaglandins, etc.). This review takes into account new data on resolution of inflammation and action of mediators of resolution in models of depression. New facts and ideas about mechanisms of chronic inflammation onset are considered in relation to mood disorders. Basic control mechanisms of inflammation at the cellular level and the role of resolution substances in regulation of depression and other mood disorders are discussed. Signaling systems of innate immunity located in non-immune cells and their ability to generate substances that affect an onset of depression are reviewed. A novel hypothesis of depression as a type of abnormal resolution is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmiry V Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina A Astakhova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina G Sergeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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112
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Halade GV, Black LM, Verma MK. Paradigm shift - Metabolic transformation of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids to bioactives exemplify the promise of fatty acid drug discovery. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:935-953. [PMID: 29499340 PMCID: PMC5971137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid drug discovery (FADD) is defined as the identification of novel, specialized bioactive mediators that are derived from fatty acids and have precise pharmacological/therapeutic potential. A number of reports indicate that dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids and limited intake of omega-6 promotes overall health benefits. In 1929, Burr and Burr indicated the significant role of essential fatty acids for survival and functional health of many organs. In reference to specific dietary benefits of differential omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids (DHA and EPA) are transformed to monohydroxy, dihydroxy, trihydroxy, and other complex mediators during infection, injury, and exercise to resolve inflammation. The presented FADD approach describes the metabolic transformation of DHA and EPA in response to injury, infection, and exercise to govern uncontrolled inflammation. Metabolic transformation of DHA and EPA into a number of pro-resolving molecules exemplifies a novel, inexpensive approach compared to traditional, expensive drug discovery. DHA and EPA have been recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease since 1970. Therefore, the FADD approach is relevant to cardiovascular disease and resolution of inflammation in many injury models. Future research demands identification of novel action targets, receptors for biomolecules, mechanism(s), and drug-interactions with resolvins in order to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Laurence M Black
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mahendra Kumar Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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113
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114
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Dalli J, Serhan CN. Identification and structure elucidation of the pro-resolving mediators provides novel leads for resolution pharmacology. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1024-1037. [PMID: 29679485 PMCID: PMC6451074 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are a major socio‐economic burden, with the incidence of such conditions on the rise, especially in western societies. For decades, the primary treatment paradigm for many of these conditions was to develop drugs that inhibit or antagonize the production and biological actions of molecules that were thought to be the culprits in propagating disease; these include cytokines and eicosanoids. This approach is effective in controlling disease propagation; however, long‐term exposure to these anti‐inflammatories is also associated with many side effects, some of which are severe, including immune‐suppression. The discovery that termination of self‐limited acute inflammation is an active process orchestrated by endogenous mediators, including the essential fatty acid‐derived resolvins, protectins and maresins, has provided novel opportunities for the design of therapeutics that control inflammation with a lower burden of side effects. This is because at variance to anti‐inflammatories, pro‐resolving mediators do not completely inhibit inflammatory responses; instead, these mediators reprogramme the immune response to accelerate the termination of inflammation, facilitating the regain of function. The scope of this review is to highlight the biological actions of these autacoids and their potential utility as lead compounds in developing resolution pharmacology‐based therapeutics. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Eicosanoids 35 years from the 1982 Nobel: where are we now? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.8/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anaesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Building for Transformative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Pistorius K, Souza PR, De Matteis R, Austin-Williams S, Primdahl KG, Vik A, Mazzacuva F, Colas RA, Marques RM, Hansen TV, Dalli J. PD n-3 DPA Pathway Regulates Human Monocyte Differentiation and Macrophage Function. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:749-760.e9. [PMID: 29805036 PMCID: PMC6024030 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are central in orchestrating the clearance of apoptotic cells and cellular debris during inflammation, with the mechanism(s) regulating this process remaining of interest. Herein, we found that the n-3 docosapentaenoic acid-derived protectin (PDn-3 DPA) biosynthetic pathway regulated the differentiation of human monocytes, altering macrophage phenotype, efferocytosis, and bacterial phagocytosis. Using lipid mediator profiling, human primary cells and recombinant enzymes we found that human 15-lipoxygenases initiate the PDn-3 DPA pathway catalyzing the formation of an allylic epoxide. The complete stereochemistry of this epoxide was determined using stereocontrolled total organic synthesis as 16S,17S-epoxy-7Z,10Z,12E,14E,19Z-docosapentaenoic acid (16S,17S-ePDn-3 DPA). This intermediate was enzymatically converted by epoxide hydrolases to PD1n-3 DPA and PD2n-3 DPA, with epoxide hydrolase 2 converting 16S,17S-ePDn-3 DPA to PD2n-3 DPA in human monocytes. Taken together these results establish the PDn-3 DPA biosynthetic pathway in human monocytes and macrophages and its role in regulating macrophage resolution responses. PDn-3 DPA regulates human monocyte-derived macrophage differentiation and function Evidence for the formation and complete stereochemistry of 16S,17S-ePDn-3 DPA EPHX2 converts 16S,17S-ePDn-3 DPA to PD2n-3 DPA in human monocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Pistorius
- William Harvey Research Institute and John Vane Science Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Patricia R Souza
- William Harvey Research Institute and John Vane Science Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Roberta De Matteis
- William Harvey Research Institute and John Vane Science Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Shani Austin-Williams
- William Harvey Research Institute and John Vane Science Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Karoline G Primdahl
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Anders Vik
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Francesca Mazzacuva
- William Harvey Research Institute and John Vane Science Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Romain A Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute and John Vane Science Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Raquel M Marques
- William Harvey Research Institute and John Vane Science Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Trond V Hansen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute and John Vane Science Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Serhan CN, Levy BD. Resolvins in inflammation: emergence of the pro-resolving superfamily of mediators. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2657-2669. [PMID: 29757195 DOI: 10.1172/jci97943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 800] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Countless times each day, the acute inflammatory response protects us from invading microbes, injuries, and insults from within, as in surgery-induced tissue injury. These challenges go unnoticed because they are self-limited and naturally resolve without progressing to chronic inflammation. Peripheral blood markers of inflammation are present in many common diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. While acute inflammation is protective, excessive swarming of neutrophils amplifies collateral tissue damage and inflammation. Hence, understanding the mechanisms that control the resolution of acute inflammation provides insight into preventing and treating inflammatory diseases in multiple organs. This Review focuses on the resolution phase of inflammation with identification of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that involve three separate biosynthetic and potent mediator families, which are defined using the first quantitative resolution indices to score this vital process. These are the resolvins, protectins, and maresins: bioactive metabolomes that each stimulate self-limited innate responses, enhance innate microbial killing and clearance, and are organ-protective. We briefly address biosynthesis of SPMs and their activation of endogenous resolution programs as terrain for new therapeutic approaches that are not, by definition, immunosuppressive, but rather new immunoresolvent therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Innes JK, Calder PC. Omega-6 fatty acids and inflammation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 132:41-48. [PMID: 29610056 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a normal process that is part of host defence and tissue healing. However, excessive or unresolved inflammation can lead to uncontrolled tissue damage, pathology and disease. In humans on a Western diet, the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (ARA) makes a significant contribution to the fatty acids present in the membrane phospholipids of cells involved in inflammation. ARA is a precursor to a number of potent pro-inflammatory mediators including well described prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which has led to the development of anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals that target the ARA pathway to successfully control inflammation. Hence, it is commonly believed that increasing dietary intake of the omega-6 fatty acids ARA or its precursor linoleic acid (LA) will increase inflammation. However, studies in healthy human adults have found that increased intake of ARA or LA does not increase the concentrations of many inflammatory markers. Epidemiological studies have even suggested that ARA and LA may be linked to reduced inflammation. Contrastingly, there is also evidence that a high omega-6 fatty acid diet inhibits the anti-inflammatory and inflammation-resolving effect of the omega-3 fatty acids. Thus, the interaction of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and their lipid mediators in the context of inflammation is complex and still not properly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline K Innes
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887 Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887 Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
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118
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Lagarde M, Guichardant M, Bernoud-Hubac N, Calzada C, Véricel E. Oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxidative stress within blood platelets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:651-656. [PMID: 29555597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The oxygenation metabolism of arachidonic acid (ArA) has been early described in blood platelets, in particular with its conversion into the potent labile thromboxane A2 that induces platelet aggregation and vascular smooth muscle cells contraction. In addition, the primary prostaglandins D2 and E2 have been mainly reported as inhibitors of platelet function. The platelet 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) product, i.e. the hydroperoxide 12-HpETE, appears to stimulate platelet ArA metabolism at the level of its release from membrane phospholipids through phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase (COX-1) activities, the first enzymes in prostanoid production cascade. Also, 12-HpETE may regulate the oxygenation of other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by platelets, especially that of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). On the other hand, the reduced product of 12-HpETE, 12-HETE, is able to antagonize TxA2 action. This is even more obvious for the 12-LOX end-products from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 11- and 14-HDoHE. In addition, 12-HpETE plays a key role in platelet oxidative stress as observed in pathophysiological conditions, but may be regulated by DHA with a bimodal way according to its concentration. Other oxygenated products of PUFA, especially omega-3 PUFA, produced outside platelets may affect platelet functions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lagarde
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm, UMR 1397 Inra, CarMeN Lab, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Michel Guichardant
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm, UMR 1397 Inra, CarMeN Lab, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm, UMR 1397 Inra, CarMeN Lab, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Calzada
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm, UMR 1397 Inra, CarMeN Lab, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Evelyne Véricel
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm, UMR 1397 Inra, CarMeN Lab, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
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119
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Rodriguez AR, Spur BW. First total synthesis of the anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediator 16(R),17(S)-diHDHA. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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120
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Durack J, Kimes NE, Lin DL, Rauch M, McKean M, McCauley K, Panzer AR, Mar JS, Cabana MD, Lynch SV. Delayed gut microbiota development in high-risk for asthma infants is temporarily modifiable by Lactobacillus supplementation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:707. [PMID: 29453431 PMCID: PMC5816017 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic dysfunction in infancy precedes childhood atopy and asthma development. Here we examined gut microbiota maturation over the first year of life in infants at high risk for asthma (HR), and whether it is modifiable by early-life Lactobacillus supplementation. We performed a longitudinal comparison of stool samples collected from HR infants randomized to daily oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (HRLGG) or placebo (HRP) for 6 months, and healthy (HC) infants. Meconium microbiota of HRP participants is distinct, follows a delayed developmental trajectory, and is primarily glycolytic and depleted of a range of anti-inflammatory lipids at 6 months of age. These deficits are partly rescued in HRLGG infants, but this effect was lost at 12 months of age, 6 months after cessation of supplementation. Thus we show that early-life gut microbial development is distinct, but plastic, in HR infants. Our findings offer a novel strategy for early-life preventative interventions. Gut microbial dysbiosis in infancy is associated with childhood atopy and the development of asthma. Here, the authors show that gut microbiota perturbation is evident in the very earliest stages of postnatal life, continues throughout infancy, and can be partially rescued by Lactobacillus supplementation in high-risk for asthma infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Durack
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nikole E Kimes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Siolta Therapeutics, 953 Indiana Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Din L Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Marcus Rauch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Janssen Prevention Center, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Michelle McKean
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kathryn McCauley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ariane R Panzer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jordan S Mar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Genentech, 340 Pt. San Bruno Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Michael D Cabana
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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121
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Colas RA, Souza PR, Walker ME, Burton M, Zasłona Z, Curtis AM, Marques RM, Dalli J. Impaired Production and Diurnal Regulation of Vascular RvD n-3 DPA Increase Systemic Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res 2018; 122:855-863. [PMID: 29437834 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diurnal mechanisms are central to regulating host responses. Recent studies uncovered a novel family of mediators termed as specialized proresolving mediators that terminate inflammation without interfering with the immune response. OBJECTIVE Herein, we investigated the diurnal regulation of specialized proresolving mediators in humans and their role in controlling peripheral blood leukocyte and platelet activation. METHODS AND RESULTS Using lipid mediator profiling and healthy volunteers, we found that plasma concentrations of n-3 docosapentaenoic acid-derived D-series resolvins (RvDn-3 DPA) were regulated in a diurnal manner. The production and regulation of these mediators was markedly altered in patients at risk of myocardial infarct. These changes were associated with decreased 5-lipoxygenase expression and activity, as well as increased systemic adenosine concentrations. We also found a significant negative correlation between plasma RvDn-3 DPA and markers of platelet, monocyte, and neutrophil activation, including CD63 and CD11b. Incubation of RvDn-3 DPA with peripheral blood from healthy volunteers and patients with cardiovascular disease significantly and dose-dependently decreased platelet and leukocyte activation. Furthermore, administration of RvD5n-3 DPA to ApoE-/- (apolipoprotein E deficient) mice significantly reduced platelet-leukocyte aggregates, vascular thromboxane B2 concentrations, and aortic lesions. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that peripheral blood RvDn-3 DPA are diurnally regulated in humans, and dysregulation in the production of these mediators may lead to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain A Colas
- From the Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute (R.A.C., P.R.S., M.E.W., R.M.M., J.D.) NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts (M.B.), and the Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation (J.D.), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland (Z.Z.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (A.M.C.)
| | - Patricia R Souza
- From the Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute (R.A.C., P.R.S., M.E.W., R.M.M., J.D.) NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts (M.B.), and the Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation (J.D.), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland (Z.Z.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (A.M.C.)
| | - Mary E Walker
- From the Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute (R.A.C., P.R.S., M.E.W., R.M.M., J.D.) NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts (M.B.), and the Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation (J.D.), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland (Z.Z.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (A.M.C.)
| | - Maudrian Burton
- From the Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute (R.A.C., P.R.S., M.E.W., R.M.M., J.D.) NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts (M.B.), and the Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation (J.D.), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland (Z.Z.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (A.M.C.)
| | - Zbigniew Zasłona
- From the Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute (R.A.C., P.R.S., M.E.W., R.M.M., J.D.) NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts (M.B.), and the Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation (J.D.), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland (Z.Z.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (A.M.C.)
| | - Annie M Curtis
- From the Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute (R.A.C., P.R.S., M.E.W., R.M.M., J.D.) NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts (M.B.), and the Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation (J.D.), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland (Z.Z.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (A.M.C.)
| | - Raquel M Marques
- From the Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute (R.A.C., P.R.S., M.E.W., R.M.M., J.D.) NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts (M.B.), and the Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation (J.D.), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland (Z.Z.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (A.M.C.)
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- From the Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute (R.A.C., P.R.S., M.E.W., R.M.M., J.D.) NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts (M.B.), and the Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation (J.D.), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland (Z.Z.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (A.M.C.).
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Vik A, Hansen TV. Synthetic manipulations of polyunsaturated fatty acids as a convenient strategy for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:9319-9333. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02586j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of commercial polyunsaturated fatty acids in semi-syntheses of polyunsaturated natural products and derivatives has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Vik
- School of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0316 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- School of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0316 Oslo
- Norway
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123
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Abstract
EPA and DHA appear to be the most important n-3 fatty acids, but roles for n-3 docosapentaenoic acid are now also emerging. Intakes of EPA and DHA are usually low, typically below those recommended. Increased intakes result in higher concentrations of EPA and DHA in blood lipids, cells and tissues. Increased content of EPA and DHA modifies the structure of cell membranes and the function of membrane proteins. EPA and DHA modulate the production of lipid mediators and through effects on cell signalling can alter the patterns of gene expression. Through these mechanisms, EPA and DHA alter cell and tissue responsiveness in a way that often results in more optimal conditions for growth, development and maintenance of health. DHA has vital roles in brain and eye development and function. EPA and DHA have a wide range of physiological roles, which are linked to certain health or clinical benefits, particularly related to CVD, cancer, inflammation and neurocognitive function. The benefits of EPA and DHA are evident throughout the life course. Future research will include better identification of the determinants of variation of responses to increased intake of EPA and DHA; more in-depth dose-response studies of the effects of EPA and DHA; clearer identification of the specific roles of EPA, docosapentaenoic acid and DHA; testing strategies to enhance delivery of n-3 fatty acids to the bloodstream; and exploration of sustainable alternatives to fish-derived very long-chain n-3 fatty acids.
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Kalinec GM, Lomberk G, Urrutia RA, Kalinec F. Resolution of Cochlear Inflammation: Novel Target for Preventing or Ameliorating Drug-, Noise- and Age-related Hearing Loss. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:192. [PMID: 28736517 PMCID: PMC5500902 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant number of studies support the idea that inflammatory responses are intimately associated with drug-, noise- and age-related hearing loss (DRHL, NRHL and ARHL). Consequently, several clinical strategies aimed at reducing auditory dysfunction by preventing inflammation are currently under intense scrutiny. Inflammation, however, is a normal adaptive response aimed at restoring tissue functionality and homeostasis after infection, tissue injury and even stress under sterile conditions, and suppressing it could have unintended negative consequences. Therefore, an appropriate approach to prevent or ameliorate DRHL, NRHL and ARHL should involve improving the resolution of the inflammatory process in the cochlea rather than inhibiting this phenomenon. The resolution of inflammation is not a passive response but rather an active, highly controlled and coordinated process. Inflammation by itself produces specialized pro-resolving mediators with critical functions, including essential fatty acid derivatives (lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins), proteins and peptides such as annexin A1 and galectins, purines (adenosine), gaseous mediators (NO, H2S and CO), as well as neuromodulators like acetylcholine and netrin-1. In this review article, we describe recent advances in the understanding of the resolution phase of inflammation and highlight therapeutic strategies that might be useful in preventing inflammation-induced cochlear damage. In particular, we emphasize beneficial approaches that have been tested in pre-clinical models of inflammatory responses induced by recognized ototoxic drugs such as cisplatin and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Since these studies suggest that improving the resolution process could be useful for the prevention of inflammation-associated diseases in humans, we discuss the potential application of similar strategies to prevent or mitigate DRHL, NRHL and ARHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda M Kalinec
- Laboratory of Auditory Cell Biology, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (CIM) Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, United States
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (CIM) Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, United States
| | - Federico Kalinec
- Laboratory of Auditory Cell Biology, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Kutzner L, Goloshchapova K, Heydeck D, Stehling S, Kuhn H, Schebb NH. Mammalian ALOX15 orthologs exhibit pronounced dual positional specificity with docosahexaenoic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:666-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Hansen TV, Dalli J, Serhan CN. The novel lipid mediator PD1 n-3 DPA: An overview of the structural elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and bioactions. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:103-110. [PMID: 28602942 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resolvins, protectins and maresins are individual families of specialized pro-resolving mediators biosynthesized from the dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. These enzymatically oxygenated polyunsaturated lipid mediators were first elucidated during the resolution phase of acute inflammation in animal models of self-limited inflammation. Specialized pro-resolving mediators display potent bioactions when administrated in vivo. Biosynthetic pathway studies have revealed that individual lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase-2 converts eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid into distinct families of the resolvins, protectins and maresins. Recently n-3 docosapentaenoic acid was found to be a substrate for the biosynthesis of several novel families of specialized pro-resolving mediators. One example is PD1n-3 DPA. During the 6th European Workshop on Lipid Mediators, Frankfurt, Germany, the structural elucidation, total organic synthesis, studies on the biosynthetic pathway, as well as the potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties of PD1n-3 DPA were presented. Herein, we provide an overview of these topics for the new member PD1n-3 DPA of the super-family of pro-resolving mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Vidar Hansen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Center for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1 M6BQ, UK
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
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128
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Gobbetti T, Dalli J, Colas RA, Federici Canova D, Aursnes M, Bonnet D, Alric L, Vergnolle N, Deraison C, Hansen TV, Serhan CN, Perretti M. Protectin D1 n-3 DPA and resolvin D5 n-3 DPA are effectors of intestinal protection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3963-3968. [PMID: 28356517 PMCID: PMC5393238 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617290114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an active process orchestrated by specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPM) that limit the host response within the affected tissue; failure of effective resolution may lead to tissue injury. Because persistence of inflammatory signals is a main feature of chronic inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), herein we investigate expression and functions of SPM in intestinal inflammation. Targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabololipidomics was used to identify SPMs from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human IBD colon biopsies, quantifying a significant up-regulation of the resolvin and protectin pathway compared with normal gut tissue. Systemic treatment with protectin (PD)1n-3 DPA or resolvin (Rv)D5n-3 DPA protected against colitis and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation in mice. Inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase activity reduced PD1n-3 DPA and augmented intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis. Intravital microscopy of mouse mesenteric venules demonstrated that PD1n-3 DPA and RvD5n-3 DPA decreased the extent of leukocyte adhesion and emigration following ischemia-reperfusion. These data were translated by assessing human neutrophil-endothelial interactions under flow: PD1n-3 DPA and RvD5n-3 DPA reduced cell adhesion onto TNF-α-activated human endothelial monolayers. In conclusion, we propose that innovative therapies based on n-3 DPA-derived mediators could be developed to enable antiinflammatory and tissue protective effects in inflammatory pathologies of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gobbetti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Romain A Colas
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Donata Federici Canova
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marius Aursnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Pole Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Pole Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1220, INSERM, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1416, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 31300 Toulouse, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Celine Deraison
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1220, INSERM, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1416, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 31300 Toulouse, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Trond V Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
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129
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Vik A, Dalli J, Hansen TV. Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of anti-inflammatory and specialized pro-resolving mediators biosynthesized from n-3 docosapentaenoic acid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2259-2266. [PMID: 28408222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several novel oxygenated polyunsaturated lipid mediators biosynthesized from n-3 docosapentaenoic acid were recently isolated from murine inflammatory exudates and human primary cells. These compounds belong to a distinct family of specialized pro-resolving mediators, and display potent in vivo anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects. The endogenously formed specialized pro-resolving mediators have attracted a great interest as lead compounds in drug discovery programs towards the development of new classes of drugs that dampen inflammation without interfering with the immune response. Detailed information on the chemical structures, cellular functions and distinct biosynthetic pathways of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators is a central aspect of these biological actions. Herein, the isolation, structural elucidation, biosynthetic pathways, total synthesis and bioactions of the n-3 docosapentaenoic acid derived mediators PD1n-3 DPA and MaR1n-3 DPA are discussed. In addition, a brief discussion of a novel family of mediators derived from n-3 docosapentaenoic acid, termed 13-series resolvins is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Vik
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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130
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Clinical Benefits of n-3 PUFA and ɤ-Linolenic Acid in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040325. [PMID: 28346333 PMCID: PMC5409664 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ɤ-linolenic acid (GLA) are well-known anti-inflammatory agents that may help in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Their effects were examined in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; (2) Methods: Sixty patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were involved in a prospective, randomized trial of a 12 week supplementation with fish oil (group I), fish oil with primrose evening oil (group II), or with no supplementation (group III). Clinical and laboratory evaluations were done at the beginning and at the end of the study; (3) Results: The Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS 28 score), number of tender joints and visual analogue scale (VAS) score decreased notably after supplementation in groups I and II (p < 0.001). In plasma phospholipids the n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio declined from 15.47 ± 5.51 to 10.62 ± 5.07 (p = 0.005), and from 18.15 ± 5.04 to 13.50 ± 4.81 (p = 0.005) in groups I and II respectively. The combination of n-3 PUFA and GLA (group II) increased ɤ-linolenic acid (0.00 ± 0.00 to 0.13 ± 0.11, p < 0.001), which was undetectable in all groups before the treatments; (4) Conclusion: Daily supplementation with n-3 fatty acids alone or in combination with GLA exerted significant clinical benefits and certain changes in disease activity.
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131
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Chattopadhyay R, Raghavan S, Rao GN. Resolvin D1 via prevention of ROS-mediated SHP2 inactivation protects endothelial adherens junction integrity and barrier function. Redox Biol 2017; 12:438-455. [PMID: 28319894 PMCID: PMC5357675 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolvins are a novel class of lipid mediators that play an important role in the resolution of inflammation, although the underlying mechanisms are not very clear. To explore the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of resolvins, we have studied the effects of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial barrier disruption as it is linked to propagation of inflammation. We found that LPS induces endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption via xanthine oxidase (XO)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 inactivation and Fyn-related kinase (Frk) activation leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of α-catenin and VE-cadherin and their dissociation from each other affecting adherens junction (AJ) integrity and thereby increasing endothelial barrier permeability. RvD1 attenuated LPS-induced AJ disassembly and endothelial barrier permeability by arresting tyrosine phosphorylation of α-catenin and VE-cadherin and their dislocation from AJ via blockade of XO-mediated ROS production and thereby suppression of SHP2 inhibition and Frk activation. We have also found that the protective effects of RvD1 on EC barrier function involve ALX/FPR2 and GPR32 as inhibition or neutralization of these receptors negates its protective effects. LPS also increased XO activity, SHP2 cysteine oxidation and its inactivation, Frk activation, α-catenin and VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation and their dissociation from each other leading to AJ disruption with increased vascular permeability in mice arteries and RvD1 blocked all these effects. Thus, RvD1 protects endothelial AJ and its barrier function from disruption by inflammatory mediators such as LPS via a mechanism involving the suppression of XO-mediated ROS production and blocking SHP2 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Somasundaram Raghavan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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132
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Primdahl KG, Tungen JE, De Souza PRS, Colas RA, Dalli J, Hansen TV, Vik A. Stereocontrolled synthesis and investigation of the biosynthetic transformations of 16(S),17(S)-epoxy-PDn-3 DPA. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8606-8613. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecular investigations using synthetic ePDn-3 DPA have been performed to study its role in the biosynthesis of the specialized pro-resolving mediator PD1n-3 DPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jørn Eivind Tungen
- School of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0316 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Patricia Regina Soares De Souza
- Lipid Mediator Unit
- William Harvey Research Institute
- Barts and The London School of Medicine
- Queen Mary University of London
- London EC1 M 6BQ
| | - Romain Alexandre Colas
- Lipid Mediator Unit
- William Harvey Research Institute
- Barts and The London School of Medicine
- Queen Mary University of London
- London EC1 M 6BQ
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit
- William Harvey Research Institute
- Barts and The London School of Medicine
- Queen Mary University of London
- London EC1 M 6BQ
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- School of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0316 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Anders Vik
- School of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0316 Oslo
- Norway
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133
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Tian Y, Romanazzi D, Miyashita K, Hosokawa M. Bioconversion of Docosapentaenoic Acid in Human Cell Lines, Caco-2, HepG2, and THP-1. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:1017-1022. [PMID: 27829615 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosapentaenoic acids (DPAs) are long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that exist as two major structural isomers: n-3 DPA and n-6 DPA. n-3 DPA is found in seal meat, salmon and abalone, and n-6 DPA is found in several marine microbial oil. We investigated the bioconversion of n-3 and n-6 DPAs in three different human cell lines, Caco-2, HepG2, and THP-1. n-3 DPA was converted to docosahexaenoic acid only in HepG2 cells. In contrast, retro-conversion to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was observed in all three cell lines. n-6 DPA was also retro-converted to arachidonic acid (AA) in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. EPA and AA were particularly elevated in Caco-2 cells, compared to HepG2 cells. Further, the retro-conversion of n-3 DPA led to a greater increase of EPA in the phospholipid fraction than in the neutral lipid fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhu Tian
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
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134
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Novel n-3 PUFA monoacylglycerides of pharmacological and medicinal interest: Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 792:70-77. [PMID: 27818127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Newly-synthesized, eicosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-EPA), docosahexaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-DPA) have been demonstrated to display beneficial effects in several disorders including chronic airway inflammatory diseases, pulmonary hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, and lung and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Recent evidence reveals that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) precursors provide a window to explore the pathobiology of inflammatory disease as well as structural templates for the design of novel pro-resolving precursors that are well absorbed by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and metabolized into bioactive metabolites. These metabolites are found in blood circulation and tissues thereby mediating numerous immuno-modulatory effects through the activation of specific receptors. Bioactive metabolites regulate cell membrane functions, lipid signaling and gene expressions encoding for enzymes responsible for lipid storage and fatty acid metabolism. This review highlights recent experimental findings regarding n-3 PUFA monoacylglyceride research, as well as the pharmacological and medicinal relevance of these stereospecific derivatives in the resolution of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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135
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Li J, Yin H, Bibus DM, Byelashov OA. The role of Omega-3 docosapentaenoic acid in pregnancy and early development. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Omega Protein Corporation; Houston; TX USA
| | | | - Douglas M. Bibus
- University of Minnesota; Minneapolis; MN USA
- Lipid Technologies; LLC.; Austin MN USA
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136
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Primdahl K, Aursnes M, Walker ME, Colas R, Serhan CN, Dalli J, Hansen TV, Vik A. Synthesis of 13(R)-Hydroxy-7Z,10Z,13R,14E,16Z,19Z Docosapentaenoic Acid (13R-HDPA) and Its Biosynthetic Conversion to the 13-Series Resolvins. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2693-2702. [PMID: 27704804 PMCID: PMC5149404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators are biosynthesized during the resolution phase of acute inflammation from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recently, the isolation and identification of the four novel mediators denoted 13-series resolvins, namely, RvT1 (1), RvT2 (2), RvT3 (3) and RvT4 (4), were reported, which showed potent bioactions characteristic for specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Herein, based on results from LC/MS-MS metabololipidomics and the stereoselective synthesis of 13(R)-hydroxy-7Z,10Z,13R,14E,16Z,19Z docosapentaenoic acid (13R-HDPA, 5), we provide direct evidence that the four novel mediators 1-4 are all biosynthesized from the pivotal intermediate 5. The UV and LC/MS-MS results from synthetic 13R-HDPA (5) matched those from endogenously and biosynthetically produced material obtained from in vivo infectious exudates, endothelial cells, and human recombinant COX-2 enzyme. Stereochemically pure 5 was obtained with the use of a chiral pool starting material that installed the configuration at the C-13 atom as R. Two stereoselective Z-Wittig reactions and two Z-selective reductions of internal alkynes afforded the geometrically pure alkene moieties in 5. Incubation of 5 with isolated human neutrophils gave all four RvTs. The results presented herein provide new knowledge on the biosynthetic pathways and the enzymatic origin of RvTs 1-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline
G. Primdahl
- School
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
- William
Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine
and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, Charterhouse
Square, London, UK, EC1M 6BQ
| | - Marius Aursnes
- School
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mary E. Walker
- William
Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine
and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, Charterhouse
Square, London, UK, EC1M 6BQ
| | - Romain
A. Colas
- William
Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine
and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, Charterhouse
Square, London, UK, EC1M 6BQ
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center
for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of
Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes
of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William
Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine
and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, Charterhouse
Square, London, UK, EC1M 6BQ
- E-mail:
| | - Trond V. Hansen
- School
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
- E-mail:
| | - Anders Vik
- School
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
- E-mail:
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137
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Khaddaj-Mallat R, Hiram R, Sirois C, Sirois M, Rizcallah E, Marouan S, Morin C, Rousseau É. MAG-DPA curbs inflammatory biomarkers and pharmacological reactivity in cytokine-triggered hyperresponsive airway models. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00263. [PMID: 28097001 PMCID: PMC5226286 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial inflammation contributes to a sustained elevation of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma. Conversely, omega-3 fatty acid derivatives have been shown to resolve inflammation in various tissues. Thus, the effects of docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-DPA) were assessed on inflammatory markers and reactivity of human distal bronchi as well as in a cultured model of guinea pig tracheal rings. Human bronchi were dissected and cultured for 48 h with 10 ng/mL TNF-α or IL-13. Guinea pig tracheas were maintained in organ culture for 72 h which was previously shown to trigger spontaneous AHR. All tissues were treated with increasing concentrations of MAG-DPA (0.1, 0.3, and 1 μmol/L). Pharmacomechanical reactivity, Ca2+ sensitivity, and western blot analysis for specific phosphoproteins and transcription factors were performed to assess the effects of both cytokines, alone or in combination with MAG-DPA, on human and guinea pig airway preparations. Although 0.1 μmol/L MAG-DPA did not significantly reduce inflammatory biomarkers, the higher concentrations of MAG-DPA (0.3 and 1 μmol/L) blunted the activation of the TNF-α/NF κB pathway and abolished COX-2 expression in human and guinea pig tissues. Moreover, 0.3 and 1 μmol/L MAG-DPA consistently decreased the Ca2+ sensitivity and pharmacological reactivity of cultured bronchial explants. Furthermore, in human bronchi, IL-13-stimulated phosphorylation of CPI-17 was reversed by 1 μmol/L MAG-DPA. This effect was further amplified in the presence of 100 μmol/L aspirin. MAG-DPA mediates antiphlogistic effects by increasing the resolution of inflammation, while resetting Ca2+ sensitivity and contractile reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Khaddaj-Mallat
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Roddy Hiram
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Chantal Sirois
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Service of Thoracic Surgery Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Marco Sirois
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Service of Thoracic Surgery Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Edmond Rizcallah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Pathology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Sofia Marouan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Pathology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Caroline Morin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Éric Rousseau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
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138
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Erythrocyte omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels are associated with biomarkers of inflammation in older Australians. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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139
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Markworth JF, Kaur G, Miller EG, Larsen AE, Sinclair AJ, Maddipati KR, Cameron-Smith D. Divergent shifts in lipid mediator profile following supplementation with n-3 docosapentaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. FASEB J 2016; 30:3714-3725. [PMID: 27461565 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600360r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the well-characterized effects of specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), little is known about the metabolic fate of the intermediary long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). In this double blind crossover study, shifts in circulating levels of n-3 and n-6 PUFA-derived bioactive lipid mediators were quantified by an unbiased liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry lipidomic approach. Plasma was obtained from human subjects before and after 7 d of supplementation with pure n-3 DPA, n-3 EPA or placebo (olive oil). DPA supplementation increased the SPM resolvin D5n-3DPA (RvD5n-3DPA) and maresin (MaR)-1, the DHA vicinal diol 19,20-dihydroxy-DPA and n-6 PUFA derived 15-keto-PG E2 (15-keto-PGE2). EPA supplementation had no effect on any plasma DPA or DHA derived mediators, but markedly elevated monohydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acids (HEPEs), including the e-series resolvin (RvE) precursor 18-HEPE; effects not observed with DPA supplementation. These data show that dietary n-3 DPA and EPA have highly divergent effects on human lipid mediator profile, with no overlap in PUFA metabolites formed. The recently uncovered biologic activity of n-3 DPA docosanoids and their marked modulation by dietary DPA intake reveals a unique and specific role of n-3 DPA in human physiology.-Markworth, J. F., Kaur, G., Miller, E. G., Larsen, A. E., Sinclair, A. J., Maddipati, K. R., Cameron-Smith, D. Divergent shifts in lipid mediator profile following supplementation with n-3 docosapentaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eliza G Miller
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy E Larsen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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140
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Shinohara M, Serhan CN. Novel Endogenous Proresolving Molecules:Essential Fatty Acid-Derived and Gaseous Mediators in the Resolution of Inflammation. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:655-64. [PMID: 27052783 DOI: 10.5551/jat.33928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a fundamental, protective response that orchestrates immune system to address harmful stimuli both from within and via invasion. New evidences indicate that the resolution of acute inflammation is not simply passive but active and highly regulated processes coordinated by new families of potent bioactive lipid mediators (LMs), coined specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs). These SPMs are biosynthesized from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Low concentrations of SPM (nM range) stimulate proresolving cellular processes, such as inhibition of neutrophil infiltration, enhancement of macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria and efferocytosis of cellular debris, and reduction of inflammatory pain through specific G-protein coupled receptors.Of the many bioactive mediators that regulate inflammation resolution, low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) functions as a tissue-protective gaso-transmitter that is endogenously produced by the heme oxygenase (HO) system. Specific SPMs activate the HO system, which in turn enhances endogenous CO production locally, thus establishing a protective feed-forward circuit between SPMs and CO. In addition, treatment with low-dose CO and SPMs exerts protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury by decreasing leukocyte-platelet interaction and proinflammatory LM levels.Recent studies reviewed herein assessed the impact of SPMs and low-dose inhaled CO on inflammatory diseases. LM metabololipidomics approach allows the assessment of the efficacy of novel treatments with SPMs and low-dose CO. Moreover, this approach indicates the regions where the action of individual LMs may be physiologically relevant and when these LMs are produced in vivo to serve their proresolving mediator functions that may also permit new directions for treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Shinohara
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
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141
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Heras-Sandoval D, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Pérez-Rojas JM. Role of docosahexaenoic acid in the modulation of glial cells in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:61. [PMID: 26965310 PMCID: PMC4787218 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 (ω-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) relevant for brain function. It has largely been explored as a potential candidate to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Clinical evidence favors a role for DHA in the improvement of cognition in very early stages of the AD. In response to stress or damage, DHA generates oxygenated derivatives called docosanoids that can activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). In conjunction with activated retinoid X receptors (RXR), PPARγ modulates inflammation, cell survival, and lipid metabolism. As an early event in AD, inflammation is associated with an excess of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) that contributes to neural insult. Glial cells are recognized to be actively involved during AD, and their dysfunction is associated with the early appearance of this pathology. These cells give support to neurons, remove amyloid β peptides from the brain, and modulate inflammation. Since DHA can modulate glial cell activity, the present work reviews the evidence about this modulation as well as the effect of docosanoids on neuroinflammation and in some AD models. The evidence supports PPARγ as a preferred target for gene modulation. The effective use of DHA and/or its derivatives in a subgroup of people at risk of developing AD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Heras-Sandoval
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, DF, México.,Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan 14080, Apartado Postal 22026, México, DF, México
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, DF, México
| | - Jazmin M Pérez-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan 14080, Apartado Postal 22026, México, DF, México.
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142
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Hansen TV, Dalli J, Serhan CN. Selective identification of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators from their biosynthetic double di-oxygenation isomers. RSC Adv 2016; 6:28820-28829. [PMID: 27525060 PMCID: PMC4981487 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00414h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are substrates for lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases. During inflammatory processes, these enzymes form several distinct families of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids coined specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Structural elucidation of these natural products using LC-MS/MS based metabololipidomics with the pico- to nanogram amounts of biosynthetic material available have been performed. The specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators display stereospecific and potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions. Most often the different families among these mediators are chemically characterized by two or three chiral, secondary alcohols, separated by either anE,E,Z-triene or an E,Z,E,E-tetraenemoiety. The lipoxygenases also form other oxygenated polyunsaturated natural products, coined double di-oxygenation products, that are constitutional isomers of the protectin and maresin families of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Very often these products exhibit similar chromatographic properties and mass spectrometrical fragment ions as the pro-resolving mediators. In addition, the double di-oxygenation products are sometimes formed in larger amounts than the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Thus, it is not always possible to distinguish between the specialized pro-resolving mediators and their double di-oxygenation isomers in biological systems, using LC/MS-based techniques. Herein, a convenient and easy-to-use protocol to meet this challenge is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond V. Hansen
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
- On leave from the School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
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143
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Kaur G, Guo XF, Sinclair AJ. Short update on docosapentaenoic acid: a bioactive long-chain n-3 fatty acid. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2016; 19:88-91. [PMID: 26808265 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is intermediary between eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the n-3 synthesis pathway. DPA is part of our normal diet through fish and lean red meat. In recent years, DPA has received increasing attention as an important bioactive fatty acid in light of its potential beneficial health effects, which include anti-inflammatory actions, antiplatelet aggregation, and improved plasma lipid prolife. This review provides a short summary of the most recent research on DPA. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we report on the latest association data as well as data generated from in-vitro and in-vivo studies on DPA and cardiovascular health, mental health, inflammation, and cancer. We also report on the newly identified DPA metabolites and their effects on exacerbation of inflammation in animal models. SUMMARY Although there is a growing body of evidence supporting DPA's role as an important bioactive fatty acid, there is a need for more 'cause and effect studies', clinical trials and studies which can reveal whether DPA plays separate roles to those identified for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunveen Kaur
- aCentre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (CPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia bDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China cSchool of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong dDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia eDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review presents recent developments in the identification of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) of inflammation following supplementation with n-3 fatty acids in humans. RECENT FINDINGS A number of reports have measured SPMs in human plasma after n-3 fatty acid supplementation. Although studies have shown some variability in plasma SPM levels, there is strong evidence that a number of resolvins are increased after n-3 fatty acids to concentrations that have been shown to have biological activity. SPM concentrations at the inflammatory site would be expected to be higher than that in blood. SPMs derived from docosapentaenoic acid require further investigation. SUMMARY Resolution of inflammation is an active process with SPM playing a vital role in maintaining homeostasis. Studies in humans are providing evidence to suggest that this may be a relevant mechanism that can be stimulated by n-3 fatty acid supplementation. Further research is now required to determine SPM profiles in patients with different chronic conditions and to examine whether supplementation with n-3 fatty acids affects SPMs in relation to their clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Barden
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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145
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Ivanov I, Kuhn H, Heydeck D. Structural and functional biology of arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase-1 (ALOX15). Gene 2015; 573:1-32. [PMID: 26216303 PMCID: PMC6728142 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOX) form a family of lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated in a number of physiological processes and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative and neurodegenerative diseases. They occur in two of the three domains of terrestrial life (bacteria, eucarya) and the human genome involves six functional LOX genes, which encode for six different LOX isoforms. One of these isoforms is ALOX15, which has first been described in rabbits in 1974 as enzyme capable of oxidizing membrane phospholipids during the maturational breakdown of mitochondria in immature red blood cells. During the following decades ALOX15 has extensively been characterized and its biological functions have been studied in a number of cellular in vitro systems as well as in various whole animal disease models. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the protein-chemical, molecular biological and enzymatic properties of ALOX15 in various species (human, mouse, rabbit, rat) as well as its implication in cellular physiology and in the pathogenesis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ivanov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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146
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Weylandt KH. Docosapentaenoic acid derived metabolites and mediators - The new world of lipid mediator medicine in a nutshell. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:108-115. [PMID: 26546723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen the description and elucidation of a new class of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators. The arachidonic acid (AA)-derived compounds in this class are called lipoxins and have been described in great detail since their discovery thirty years ago. The new players are mediators derived from fish oil omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), called resolvins, protectins and maresins. Taken together, these mediators are also called specialized pro-resolution mediators (SPMs). As compared to the AA/EPA/DHA-derived compounds, research regarding mediators formed from the n-3 and n-6 docosapentaenoic acids (DPAn-3 and DPAn-6) is sparse. However, mono- di- and trihydroxy derivates of the DPAs have anti-inflammatory properties as well, even though mechanisms of their anti-inflammatory action have not been fully elucidated. This review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding the DPA-derived SPMs and their actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten-H Weylandt
- Medical Department, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology (including Metabolic Diseases), Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Lipid Clinic, Experimental and Clinical Research Centre (ECRC), Charité University Medicine and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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147
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Poisson LM, Suhail H, Singh J, Datta I, Denic A, Labuzek K, Hoda MN, Shankar A, Kumar A, Cerghet M, Elias S, Mohney RP, Rodriguez M, Rattan R, Mangalam AK, Giri S. Untargeted Plasma Metabolomics Identifies Endogenous Metabolite with Drug-like Properties in Chronic Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30697-712. [PMID: 26546682 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.679068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed untargeted metabolomics in plasma of B6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) at the chronic phase of the disease in search of an altered metabolic pathway(s). Of 324 metabolites measured, 100 metabolites that mapped to various pathways (mainly lipids) linked to mitochondrial function, inflammation, and membrane stability were observed to be significantly altered between EAE and control (p < 0.05, false discovery rate <0.10). Bioinformatics analysis revealed six metabolic pathways being impacted and altered in EAE, including α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism (PUFA). The metabolites of PUFAs, including ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, are commonly decreased in mouse models of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in patients with MS. Daily oral administration of resolvin D1, a downstream metabolite of ω-3, decreased disease progression by suppressing autoreactive T cells and inducing an M2 phenotype of monocytes/macrophages and resident brain microglial cells. This study provides a proof of principle for the application of metabolomics to identify an endogenous metabolite(s) possessing drug-like properties, which is assessed for therapy in preclinical mouse models of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila M Poisson
- From the Center for Bioinformatics and Departments of Public Health Sciences and
| | | | | | - Indrani Datta
- From the Center for Bioinformatics and Departments of Public Health Sciences and
| | | | - Krzysztof Labuzek
- the Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, PL 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Md Nasrul Hoda
- the Department of Neurology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, the Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | | | | | | | - Moses Rodriguez
- the Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55906
| | - Ramandeep Rattan
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Women's Health Services, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Ashutosh K Mangalam
- the Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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Lagarde M, Calzada C, Jouvène C, Bernoud-Hubac N, Létisse M, Guichardant M, Véricel E. Functional fluxolipidomics of polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxygenated metabolites in the blood vessel compartment. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 60:41-9. [PMID: 26484703 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of bioactive oxygenated metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their degradation or transformation products are made through multiple enzyme processes. The kinetics of the enzymes responsible for the different steps are known to be quite diverse, although not precisely determined. The location of the metabolites biosynthesis is diverse as well. Also, the biological effects of the primary and secondary products, and their biological life span are often completely different. Consequently, phenotypes of cells in response to these bioactive lipid mediators must then depend on their concentrations at a given time. This demands a fluxolipidomics approach that can be defined as a mediator lipidomics, with all measurements done as a function of time and biological compartments. This review points out what is known, even qualitatively, in the blood vascular compartment for arachidonic acid metabolites and number of other metabolites from polyunsaturated fatty acids of nutritional value. The functional consequences are especially taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lagarde
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - C Calzada
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Jouvène
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - N Bernoud-Hubac
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Létisse
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Guichardant
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - E Véricel
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Stein K, Stoffels M, Lysson M, Schneiker B, Dewald O, Krönke G, Kalff JC, Wehner S. A role for 12/15-lipoxygenase-derived proresolving mediators in postoperative ileus: protectin DX-regulated neutrophil extravasation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:231-9. [PMID: 26292977 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0515-189r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolution of inflammation is an active counter-regulatory mechanism involving polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived proresolving lipid mediators. Postoperative intestinal motility disturbances, clinically known as postoperative ileus, occur frequently after abdominal surgery and are mediated by a complex inflammation of the intestinal muscularis externa. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that proresolving lipid mediators are involved in the resolution of postoperative ileus. In a standardized experimental model of postoperative ileus, we detected strong expression of 12/15-lipoxygenase within the postoperative muscularis externa of C57BL/6 mice, predominately located within CX3CR1(+)/Ly6C(+) infiltrating monocytes rather than Ly6G(+) neutrophils. Mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that a 12/15-lipoxygenase increase was accompanied by production of docosahexaenoic acid-derived lipid mediators, particularly protectin DX and resolvin D2, and their common precursor 17-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid. Perioperative administration of protectin DX, but not resolvin D2 diminished blood-derived leukocyte infiltration into the surgically manipulated muscularis externa and improved the gastrointestinal motility. Flow cytometry analyses showed impaired Ly6G(+)/Ly6C(+) neutrophil extravasation after protectin DX treatment, whereas Ly6G(-)/Ly6C(+) monocyte numbers were not affected. 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice, lacking endogenous protectin DX synthesis, demonstrated increased postoperative leukocyte levels. Preoperative intravenous administration of a docosahexaenoic acid-rich lipid emulsion reduced postoperative leukocyte infiltration in wild-type mice but failed in 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice mice. Protectin DX application reduced leukocyte influx and rescued 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice mice from postoperative ileus. In conclusion, our results show that 12/15-lipoxygenase mediates postoperative ileus resolution via production of proresolving docosahexaenoic acid-derived protectin DX. Perioperative, parenteral protectin DX or docosahexaenoic acid supplementation, as well as modulation of the 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway, may be instrumental in prevention of postoperative ileus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Stein
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melissa Stoffels
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mariola Lysson
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bianca Schneiker
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Dewald
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg C Kalff
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wehner
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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150
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Red Blood Cell Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA n-3) is Inversely Associated with Triglycerides and C-reactive Protein (CRP) in Healthy Adults and Dose-Dependently Increases Following n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation. Nutrients 2015; 7:6390-404. [PMID: 26247967 PMCID: PMC4555130 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in lipid metabolism and inflammation has been extensively studied; however, little is known about the relationship between docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3) and inflammation and triglycerides (TG). We evaluated whether n-3 DPA content of red blood cells (RBC) was associated with markers of inflammation (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) and fasting TG prior to n-3 supplementation in two studies (Study 1: n = 115, aged 20-44 years, body mass index (BMI) 20-30 kg/m2, TG = 34-176 mg/dL; Study 2: n = 28, aged 22-65 years, BMI 24-37 kg/m2, TG = 141-339 mg/dL). We also characterized the dose-response effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on RBC n-3 DPA after five months of supplementation with fish oil (Study 1: 0, 300, 600, 900, and 1800 mg/day EPA + DHA) and eight weeks of prescription n-3 ethyl esters (Study 2: 0, 850, and 3400 mg/day EPA + DHA). In Study 1, RBC n-3 DPA was inversely correlated with CRP (R2 = 36%, p < 0.001) and with fasting TG (r = -0.30, p = 0.001). The latter finding was replicated in Study 2 (r = -0.33, p = 0.04). In both studies, n-3 supplementation significantly increased RBC n-3 DPA dose-dependently. Relative increases were greater for Study 1, with increases of 29%-61% vs. 14%-26% for Study 2. The associations between RBC n-3 DPA, CRP, and fasting TG may have important implications for the prevention of atherosclerosis and chronic inflammatory diseases and warrant further study.
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