101
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Abstract
Cellular quiescence is a reversible mode of cell cycle exit that allows cells and organisms to withstand unfavorable stress conditions. The factors that underlie the entry, exit, and maintenance of the quiescent state are crucial for understanding normal tissue development and function as well as pathological conditions such as chronic wound healing and cancer. In vitro models of quiescence have been used to understand the factors that contribute to quiescence under well-controlled experimental conditions. Here, we describe an in vitro model of quiescence that is based on neonatal human dermal fibroblasts. The fibroblasts are induced into quiescence by antiproliferative signals, contact inhibition, and serum-starvation (mitogen withdrawal). We describe the isolation of fibroblasts from skin, methods for inducing quiescence in isolated fibroblasts, and approaches to manipulate the fibroblasts in proliferating and quiescent states to determine critical regulators of quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Mitra
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, 5145 Terasaki Life Science Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive E., University of California, Los Angeles, 90095-7329, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7329, USA
| | - Linda D Ho
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, 5145 Terasaki Life Science Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive E., University of California, Los Angeles, 90095-7329, USA
| | - Hilary A Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, 5145 Terasaki Life Science Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive E., University of California, Los Angeles, 90095-7329, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7329, USA.
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102
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Quantitative Systems Biology to decipher design principles of a dynamic cell cycle network: the "Maximum Allowable mammalian Trade-Off-Weight" (MAmTOW). NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2017; 3:26. [PMID: 28944079 PMCID: PMC5605530 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-017-0028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Network complexity is required to lend cellular processes flexibility to respond timely to a variety of dynamic signals, while simultaneously warranting robustness to protect cellular integrity against perturbations. The cell cycle serves as a paradigm for such processes; it maintains its frequency and temporal structure (although these may differ among cell types) under the former, but accelerates under the latter. Cell cycle molecules act together in time and in different cellular compartments to execute cell type-specific programs. Strikingly, the timing at which molecular switches occur is controlled by abundance and stoichiometry of multiple proteins within complexes. However, traditional methods that investigate one effector at a time are insufficient to understand how modulation of protein complex dynamics at cell cycle transitions shapes responsiveness, yet preserving robustness. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose a multidisciplinary approach to gain a systems-level understanding of quantitative cell cycle dynamics in mammalian cells from a new perspective. By suggesting advanced experimental technologies and dedicated modeling approaches, we present innovative strategies (i) to measure absolute protein concentration in vivo, and (ii) to determine how protein dosage, e.g., altered protein abundance, and spatial (de)regulation may affect timing and robustness of phase transitions. We describe a method that we name “Maximum Allowable mammalian Trade–Off–Weight” (MAmTOW), which may be realized to determine the upper limit of gene copy numbers in mammalian cells. These aspects, not covered by current systems biology approaches, are essential requirements to generate precise computational models and identify (sub)network-centered nodes underlying a plethora of pathological conditions.
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103
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Abstract
Embryonic diapause – a period of embryonic suspension at the blastocyst stage – is a fascinating phenomenon that occurs in over 130 species of mammals, ranging from bears and badgers to mice and marsupials. It might even occur in humans. During diapause, there is minimal cell division and greatly reduced metabolism, and development is put on hold. Yet there are no ill effects for the pregnancy when it eventually continues. Multiple factors can induce diapause, including seasonal supplies of food, temperature, photoperiod and lactation. The successful reactivation and continuation of pregnancy then requires a viable embryo, a receptive uterus and effective molecular communication between the two. But how do the blastocysts survive and remain viable during this period of time, which can be up to a year in some cases? And what are the signals that bring it out of suspended animation? Here, we provide an overview of the process of diapause and address these questions, focussing on recent molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn B. Renfree
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - Jane C. Fenelon
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8L6
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104
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Yang J, Tanaka Y, Seay M, Li Z, Jin J, Garmire LX, Zhu X, Taylor A, Li W, Euskirchen G, Halene S, Kluger Y, Snyder MP, Park IH, Pan X, Weissman SM. Single cell transcriptomics reveals unanticipated features of early hematopoietic precursors. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1281-1296. [PMID: 28003475 PMCID: PMC5388401 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular changes underlying stem cell differentiation are of fundamental interest. scRNA-seq on murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and their progeny MPP1 separated the cells into 3 main clusters with distinct features: active, quiescent, and an un-characterized cluster. Induction of anemia resulted in mobilization of the quiescent to the active cluster and of the early to later stage of cell cycle, with marked increase in expression of certain transcription factors (TFs) while maintaining expression of interferon response genes. Cells with surface markers of long term HSC increased the expression of a group of TFs expressed highly in normal cycling MPP1 cells. However, at least Id1 and Hes1 were significantly activated in both HSC and MPP1 cells in anemic mice. Lineage-specific genes were differently expressed between cells, and correlated with the cell cycle stages with a specific augmentation of erythroid related genes in the G2/M phase. Most lineage specific TFs were stochastically expressed in the early precursor cells, but a few, such as Klf1, were detected only at very low levels in few precursor cells. The activation of these factors may correlate with stages of differentiation. This study reveals effects of cell cycle progression on the expression of lineage specific genes in precursor cells, and suggests that hematopoietic stress changes the balance of renewal and differentiation in these homeostatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Montrell Seay
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lana Xia Garmire
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Xun Zhu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Ashley Taylor
- Hematology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,JiangXi Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ghia Euskirchen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo, Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Hematology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo, Alto, CA, USA
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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105
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Abstract
Most cells in nature are not actively dividing, yet are able to return to the cell cycle given the appropriate environmental signals. There is now ample evidence that quiescent G0 cells are not shut-down but still metabolically and transcriptionally active. Quiescent cells must maintain a basal transcriptional capacity to maintain transcripts and proteins necessary for survival. This implies a tight control over RNA polymerases: RNA pol II for mRNA transcription during G0, but especially RNA pol I and RNA pol III to maintain an appropriate level of structural RNAs, raising the possibility that specific transcriptional control mechanisms evolved in quiescent cells. In accordance with this, we recently discovered that RNA interference is necessary to control RNA polymerase I transcription during G0. While this mini-review focuses on yeast model organisms (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe), parallels are drawn to other eukaryotes and mammalian systems, in particular stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Roche
- a Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory , Cold Spring Harbor , NY , USA
| | - Benoit Arcangioli
- b Genome Dynamics Unit , UMR 3525 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux , Paris , France
| | - Robert Martienssen
- a Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory , Cold Spring Harbor , NY , USA.,c Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (HHMI-GBM) Investigator , NY , USA
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106
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107
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Yu VW, Yusuf RZ, Oki T, Wu J, Saez B, Wang X, Cook C, Baryawno N, Ziller MJ, Lee E, Gu H, Meissner A, Lin CP, Kharchenko PV, Scadden DT. Epigenetic Memory Underlies Cell-Autonomous Heterogeneous Behavior of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell 2017; 168:944-945. [PMID: 28235203 PMCID: PMC5510238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells determine homeostasis and repair of many tissues and are increasingly recognized as functionally heterogeneous. To define the extent of—and molecular basis for—heterogeneity, we overlaid functional, transcriptional, and epigenetic attributes of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at a clonal level using endogenous fluorescent tagging. Endogenous HSC had clone-specific functional attributes in vivo. The intra-clonal behaviors were highly stereotypic, conserved under the stress of transplantation, inflammation, and genotoxic injury, and associated with distinctive transcriptional, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility patterns. Further, HSC function corresponded to epigenetic configuration but not always to transcriptional state. Therefore, hematopoiesis under homeostatic and stress conditions represents the integrated action of highly heterogeneous clones of HSC with epigenetically scripted behaviors. This high degree of epigenetically driven cell autonomy among HSCs implies that refinement of the concepts of stem cell plasticity and of the stem cell niche is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vionnie W.C. Yu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Rushdia Z. Yusuf
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Toshihiko Oki
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Juwell Wu
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Borja Saez
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Colleen Cook
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael J. Ziller
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongcang Gu
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Charles P. Lin
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Peter V. Kharchenko
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David T. Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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108
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Matson JP, Cook JG. Cell cycle proliferation decisions: the impact of single cell analyses. FEBS J 2017; 284:362-375. [PMID: 27634578 PMCID: PMC5296213 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation is a fundamental requirement for organismal development and homeostasis. The mammalian cell division cycle is tightly controlled to ensure complete and precise genome duplication and segregation of replicated chromosomes to daughter cells. The onset of DNA replication marks an irreversible commitment to cell division, and the accumulated efforts of many decades of molecular and cellular studies have probed this cellular decision, commonly called the restriction point. Despite a long-standing conceptual framework of the restriction point for progression through G1 phase into S phase or exit from G1 phase to quiescence (G0), recent technical advances in quantitative single cell analysis of mammalian cells have provided new insights. Significant intercellular heterogeneity revealed by single cell studies and the discovery of discrete subpopulations in proliferating cultures suggests the need for an even more nuanced understanding of cell proliferation decisions. In this review, we describe some of the recent developments in the cell cycle field made possible by quantitative single cell experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P. Matson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jeanette G. Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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109
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Phua SC, Chiba S, Suzuki M, Su E, Roberson EC, Pusapati GV, Schurmans S, Setou M, Rohatgi R, Reiter JF, Ikegami K, Inoue T. Dynamic Remodeling of Membrane Composition Drives Cell Cycle through Primary Cilia Excision. Cell 2017; 168:264-279.e15. [PMID: 28086093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The life cycle of a primary cilium begins in quiescence and ends prior to mitosis. In quiescent cells, the primary cilium insulates itself from contiguous dynamic membrane processes on the cell surface to function as a stable signaling apparatus. Here, we demonstrate that basal restriction of ciliary structure dynamics is established by the cilia-enriched phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase, Inpp5e. Growth induction displaces ciliary Inpp5e and accumulates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in distal cilia. This change triggers otherwise-forbidden actin polymerization in primary cilia, which excises cilia tips in a process we call cilia decapitation. While cilia disassembly is traditionally thought to occur solely through resorption, we show that an acute loss of IFT-B through cilia decapitation precedes resorption. Finally, we propose that cilia decapitation induces mitogenic signaling and constitutes a molecular link between the cilia life cycle and cell-division cycle. This newly defined ciliary mechanism may find significance in cell proliferation control during normal development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Cheng Phua
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Shuhei Chiba
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Advanced Research Facilities and Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Emily Su
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elle C Roberson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ganesh V Pusapati
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy and International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Koji Ikegami
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy and International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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110
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Qie S, Diehl JA. Cyclin D1, cancer progression, and opportunities in cancer treatment. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1313-1326. [PMID: 27695879 PMCID: PMC5145738 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells encode three D cyclins (D1, D2, and D3) that coordinately function as allosteric regulators of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 to regulate cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase. Cyclin expression, accumulation, and degradation, as well as assembly and activation of CDK4/CDK6 are governed by growth factor stimulation. Cyclin D1 is more frequently dysregulated than cyclin D2 or D3 in human cancers, and as such, it has been more extensively characterized. Overexpression of cyclin D1 results in dysregulated CDK activity, rapid cell growth under conditions of restricted mitogenic signaling, bypass of key cellular checkpoints, and ultimately, neoplastic growth. This review discusses cyclin D1 transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulations and its biological function with a particular focus on the mechanisms that result in its dysregulation in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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111
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Bajar BT, Lam AJ, Badiee RK, Oh YH, Chu J, Zhou XX, Kim N, Kim BB, Chung M, Yablonovitch AL, Cruz BF, Kulalert K, Tao JJ, Meyer T, Su XD, Lin MZ. Fluorescent indicators for simultaneous reporting of all four cell cycle phases. Nat Methods 2016; 13:993-996. [PMID: 27798610 PMCID: PMC5548384 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A robust method for simultaneous visualization of all four cell cycle phases in living cells is highly desirable. We developed an intensiometric reporter of the transition from S to G2 phase and engineered a far-red fluorescent protein, mMaroon1, to visualize chromatin condensation in mitosis. We combined these new reporters with the previously described Fucci system to create Fucci4, a set of four orthogonal fluorescent indicators that together resolve all cell cycle phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce T Bajar
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Amy J Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ryan K Badiee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Young-Hee Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jun Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xin X Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Namdoo Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benjamin B Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mingyu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Barney F Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kanokwan Kulalert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jacqueline J Tao
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Su
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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112
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Epigenetic Memory Underlies Cell-Autonomous Heterogeneous Behavior of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell 2016; 167:1310-1322.e17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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113
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Johnson RW, Finger EC, Olcina MM, Vilalta M, Aguilera T, Miao Y, Merkel AR, Johnson JR, Sterling JA, Wu JY, Giaccia AJ. Induction of LIFR confers a dormancy phenotype in breast cancer cells disseminated to the bone marrow. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1078-1089. [PMID: 27642788 PMCID: PMC5357601 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer cells frequently home to the bone marrow, where they may enter a dormant state before forming a bone metastasis. Several members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine family are implicated in breast cancer bone colonization, but the role for the IL-6 cytokine leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in this process is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that LIF provides a pro-dormancy signal to breast cancer cells in the bone. In breast cancer patients, LIF receptor (LIFR) levels are lower with bone metastases and are significantly and inversely correlated with patient outcome and hypoxia gene activity. Hypoxia also reduces the LIFR:STAT3:SOCS3 signalling pathway in breast cancer cells. Loss of the LIFR or STAT3 enables otherwise dormant breast cancer cells to downregulate dormancy-, quiescence- and cancer stem cell-associated genes, and to proliferate in and specifically colonize the bone, suggesting that LIFR:STAT3 signalling confers a dormancy phenotype in breast cancer cells disseminated to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle W. Johnson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Finger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Monica M. Olcina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marta Vilalta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Todd Aguilera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa R. Merkel
- Department of Veterans Affairs: Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (VISN 9), Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua R. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Julie A. Sterling
- Department of Veterans Affairs: Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (VISN 9), Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joy Y. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Amato J. Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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114
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Chandrakesan P, May R, Qu D, Weygant N, Taylor VE, Li JD, Ali N, Sureban SM, Qante M, Wang TC, Bronze MS, Houchen CW. Dclk1+ small intestinal epithelial tuft cells display the hallmarks of quiescence and self-renewal. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30876-86. [PMID: 26362399 PMCID: PMC4741574 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no discrete genetic signature has been defined for isolated Dclk1+ tuft cells within the small intestine. Furthermore, recent reports on the functional significance of Dclk1+ cells in the small intestine have been inconsistent. These cells have been proposed to be fully differentiated cells, reserve stem cells, and tumor stem cells. In order to elucidate the potential function of Dclk1+ cells, we FACS-sorted Dclk1+ cells from mouse small intestinal epithelium using transgenic mice expressing YFP under the control of the Dclk1 promoter (Dclk1-CreER;Rosa26-YFP). Analysis of sorted YFP+ cells demonstrated marked enrichment (~6000 fold) for Dclk1 mRNA compared with YFP- cells. Dclk1+ population display ~6 fold enrichment for the putative quiescent stem cell marker Bmi1. We observed significantly greater expression of pluripotency genes, pro-survival genes, and quiescence markers in the Dclk1+ population. A significant increase in self-renewal capability (14-fold) was observed in in vitro isolated Dclk1+ cells. The unique genetic report presented in this manuscript suggests that Dclk1+ cells may maintain quiescence, pluripotency, and metabolic activity for survival/longevity. Functionally, these reserve characteristics manifest in vitro, with Dclk1+ cells exhibiting greater ability to self-renew. These findings indicate that quiescent stem-like functionality is a feature of Dclk1-expressing tuft cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Chandrakesan
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Randal May
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dongfeng Qu
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vivian E Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - James D Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Naushad Ali
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sripathi M Sureban
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael Qante
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael S Bronze
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Courtney W Houchen
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,COARE Biotechnology, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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115
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Galloway A, Saveliev A, Łukasiak S, Hodson DJ, Bolland D, Balmanno K, Ahlfors H, Monzón-Casanova E, Mannurita SC, Bell LS, Andrews S, Díaz-Muñoz MD, Cook SJ, Corcoran A, Turner M. RNA-binding proteins ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 promote cell quiescence. Science 2016; 352:453-9. [PMID: 27102483 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad5978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Progression through the stages of lymphocyte development requires coordination of the cell cycle. Such coordination ensures genomic integrity while cells somatically rearrange their antigen receptor genes [in a process called variable-diversity-joining (VDJ) recombination] and, upon successful rearrangement, expands the pools of progenitor lymphocytes. Here we show that in developing B lymphocytes, the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 are critical for maintaining quiescence before precursor B cell receptor (pre-BCR) expression and for reestablishing quiescence after pre-BCR-induced expansion. These RBPs suppress an evolutionarily conserved posttranscriptional regulon consisting of messenger RNAs whose protein products cooperatively promote transition into the S phase of the cell cycle. This mechanism promotes VDJ recombination and effective selection of cells expressing immunoglobulin-μ at the pre-BCR checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Galloway
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Alexander Saveliev
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Sebastian Łukasiak
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Daniel J Hodson
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK. Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, The Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Daniel Bolland
- Laboratory of Nuclear Dynamics, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Kathryn Balmanno
- Laboratory of Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Helena Ahlfors
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Elisa Monzón-Casanova
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK. Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Sara Ciullini Mannurita
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Lewis S Bell
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Manuel D Díaz-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Simon J Cook
- Laboratory of Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Anne Corcoran
- Laboratory of Nuclear Dynamics, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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116
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Pineda G, Lennon KM, Delos Santos NP, Lambert-Fliszar F, Riso GL, Lazzari E, Marra MA, Morris S, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Jamieson CHM. Tracking of Normal and Malignant Progenitor Cell Cycle Transit in a Defined Niche. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23885. [PMID: 27041210 PMCID: PMC4819192 DOI: 10.1038/srep23885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While implicated in therapeutic resistance, malignant progenitor cell cycle kinetics have been difficult to quantify in real-time. We developed an efficient lentiviral bicistronic fluorescent, ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator reporter (Fucci2BL) to image live single progenitors on a defined niche coupled with cell cycle gene expression analysis. We have identified key differences in cell cycle regulatory gene expression and transit times between normal and chronic myeloid leukemia progenitors that may inform cancer stem cell eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Pineda
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Kathleen M Lennon
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Delos Santos
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Florence Lambert-Fliszar
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Gennarina L Riso
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA.,Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Elisa Lazzari
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA.,Doctoral School of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheldon Morris
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Asako Sakaue-Sawano
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako-city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako-city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
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117
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Walker ND, Patel J, Munoz JL, Hu M, Guiro K, Sinha G, Rameshwar P. The bone marrow niche in support of breast cancer dormancy. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:263-71. [PMID: 26546045 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success in detecting breast cancer (BC) early and, with aggressive therapeutic intervention, BC remains a clinical problem. The bone marrow (BM) is a favorable metastatic site for breast cancer cells (BCCs). In BM, the survival of BCCs is partly achieved by the supporting microenvironment, including the presence of immune suppressive cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The heterogeneity of BCCs brings up the question of how each subset interacts with the BM microenvironment. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) survive in the BM as cycling quiescence cells and, forming gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) with the hematopoietic supporting stromal cells and MSCs. This type of communication has been identified close to the endosteum. Additionally, dormancy can occur by soluble mediators such as cytokines and also by the exchange of exosomes. These latter mechanisms are reviewed in the context of metastasis of BC to the BM for transition as dormant cells. The article also discusses how immune cells such as macrophages and regulatory T-cells facilitate BC dormancy. The challenges of studying BC dormancy in 2-dimensional (2-D) system are also incorporated by proposing 3-D system by engineering methods to recapitulate the BM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nykia D Walker
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jimmy Patel
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jessian L Munoz
- Ob/Gyn and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Madeleine Hu
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Khadidiatou Guiro
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Garima Sinha
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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118
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Tsang JCH, Yu Y, Burke S, Buettner F, Wang C, Kolodziejczyk AA, Teichmann SA, Lu L, Liu P. Single-cell transcriptomic reconstruction reveals cell cycle and multi-lineage differentiation defects in Bcl11a-deficient hematopoietic stem cells. Genome Biol 2015; 16:178. [PMID: 26387834 PMCID: PMC4576406 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare cell type with the ability of long-term self-renewal and multipotency to reconstitute all blood lineages. HSCs are typically purified from the bone marrow using cell surface markers. Recent studies have identified significant cellular heterogeneities in the HSC compartment with subsets of HSCs displaying lineage bias. We previously discovered that the transcription factor Bcl11a has critical functions in the lymphoid development of the HSC compartment. RESULTS In this report, we employ single-cell transcriptomic analysis to dissect the molecular heterogeneities in HSCs. We profile the transcriptomes of 180 highly purified HSCs (Bcl11a (+/+) and Bcl11a (-/-)). Detailed analysis of the RNA-seq data identifies cell cycle activity as the major source of transcriptomic variation in the HSC compartment, which allows reconstruction of HSC cell cycle progression in silico. Single-cell RNA-seq profiling of Bcl11a (-/-) HSCs reveals abnormal proliferative phenotypes. Analysis of lineage gene expression suggests that the Bcl11a (-/-) HSCs are constituted of two distinct myeloerythroid-restricted subpopulations. Remarkably, similar myeloid-restricted cells could also be detected in the wild-type HSC compartment, suggesting selective elimination of lymphoid-competent HSCs after Bcl11a deletion. These defects are experimentally validated in serial transplantation experiments where Bcl11a (-/-) HSCs are myeloerythroid-restricted and defective in self-renewal. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the power of single-cell transcriptomics in dissecting cellular process and lineage heterogeneities in stem cell compartments, and further reveals the molecular and cellular defects in the Bcl11a-deficient HSC compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C H Tsang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Yong Yu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Shannon Burke
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Florian Buettner
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK.,Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Aleksandra A Kolodziejczyk
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Liming Lu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK. .,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
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119
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Rumman M, Dhawan J, Kassem M. Concise Review: Quiescence in Adult Stem Cells: Biological Significance and Relevance to Tissue Regeneration. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2903-12. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rumman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem); Bangalore Karnataka India
- Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem); Bangalore Karnataka India
- CSIR-Center for Cell and Molecular Biology (CCMB); Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; University Hospital of Odense; Odense Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Panum Institute; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Stem cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine; King Saud University; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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120
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Modelling cell cycle synchronisation in networks of coupled radial glial cells. J Theor Biol 2015; 377:85-97. [PMID: 25908204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Radial glial cells play a crucial role in the embryonic mammalian brain. Their proliferation is thought to be controlled, in part, by ATP mediated calcium signals. It has been hypothesised that these signals act to locally synchronise cell cycles, so that clusters of cells proliferate together, shedding daughter cells in uniform sheets. In this paper we investigate this cell cycle synchronisation by taking an ordinary differential equation model that couples the dynamics of intracellular calcium and the cell cycle and extend it to populations of cells coupled via extracellular ATP signals. Through bifurcation analysis we show that although ATP mediated calcium release can lead to cell cycle synchronisation, a number of other asynchronous oscillatory solutions including torus solutions dominate the parameter space and cell cycle synchronisation is far from guaranteed. Despite this, numerical results indicate that the transient and not the asymptotic behaviour of the system is important in accounting for cell cycle synchronisation. In particular, quiescent cells can be entrained on to the cell cycle via ATP mediated calcium signals initiated by a driving cell and crucially will cycle in near synchrony with the driving cell for the duration of neurogenesis. This behaviour is highly sensitive to the timing of ATP release, with release at the G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle far more likely to lead to near synchrony than release during mid G1 phase. This result, which suggests that ATP release timing is critical to radial glia cell cycle synchronisation, may help us to understand normal and pathological brain development.
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121
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Zielke N, Edgar BA. FUCCI sensors: powerful new tools for analysis of cell proliferation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 4:469-87. [PMID: 25827130 PMCID: PMC6681141 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing the cell cycle behavior of individual cells within living organisms can facilitate the understanding of developmental processes such as pattern formation, morphogenesis, cell differentiation, growth, cell migration, and cell death. Fluorescence Ubiquitin Cell Cycle Indicator (FUCCI) technology offers an accurate, versatile, and universally applicable means of achieving this end. In recent years, the FUCCI system has been adapted to several model systems including flies, fish, mice, and plants, making this technology available to a wide range of researchers for studies of diverse biological problems. Moreover, a broad range of FUCCI‐expressing cell lines originating from diverse cell types have been generated, hence enabling the design of advanced studies that combine in vivo experiments and cell‐based methods such as high‐content screening. Although only a short time has passed since its introduction, the FUCCI technology has already provided fundamental insight into how cells establish quiescence and how G1 phase length impacts the balance between pluripotency and stem cell differentiation. Further discoveries using the FUCCI technology are sure to come. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:469–487. doi: 10.1002/wdev.189 This article is categorized under:
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Methods and Principles Technologies > Generating Chimeras and Lineage Analysis Technologies > Analysis of Cell, Tissue, and Animal Phenotypes
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zielke
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B A Edgar
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
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122
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Nakamura-Ishizu A, Takizawa H, Suda T. The analysis, roles and regulation of quiescence in hematopoietic stem cells. Development 2015; 141:4656-66. [PMID: 25468935 DOI: 10.1242/dev.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis requires the presence of multipotent adult stem cells that are capable of efficient self-renewal and differentiation; some of these have been shown to exist in a dormant, or quiescent, cell cycle state. Such quiescence has been proposed as a fundamental property of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the adult bone marrow, acting to protect HSCs from functional exhaustion and cellular insults to enable lifelong hematopoietic cell production. Recent studies have demonstrated that HSC quiescence is regulated by a complex network of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors. In addition, detailed single-cell analyses and novel imaging techniques have identified functional heterogeneity within quiescent HSC populations and have begun to delineate the topological organization of quiescent HSCs. Here, we review the current methods available to measure quiescence in HSCs and discuss the roles of HSC quiescence and the various mechanisms by which HSC quiescence is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, 117599 Singapore
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Toshio Suda
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, 117599 Singapore
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123
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Ly T, Endo A, Lamond AI. Proteomic analysis of the response to cell cycle arrests in human myeloid leukemia cells. eLife 2015; 4:e04534. [PMID: 25555159 PMCID: PMC4383314 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we analyzed protein abundance changes across a 'minimally perturbed' cell cycle by using centrifugal elutriation to differentially enrich distinct cell cycle phases in human NB4 cells (Ly et al., 2014). In this study, we compare data from elutriated cells with NB4 cells arrested at comparable phases using serum starvation, hydroxyurea, or RO-3306. While elutriated and arrested cells have similar patterns of DNA content and cyclin expression, a large fraction of the proteome changes detected in arrested cells are found to reflect arrest-specific responses (i.e., starvation, DNA damage, CDK1 inhibition), rather than physiological cell cycle regulation. For example, we show most cells arrested in G2 by CDK1 inhibition express abnormally high levels of replication and origin licensing factors and are likely poised for genome re-replication. The protein data are available in the Encyclopedia of Proteome Dynamics (
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Ly
- Centre for Gene
Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences,
University of Dundee, Dundee, United
Kingdom
| | - Aki Endo
- Centre for Gene
Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences,
University of Dundee, Dundee, United
Kingdom
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Centre for Gene
Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences,
University of Dundee, Dundee, United
Kingdom
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124
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Fucci-guided purification of hematopoietic stem cells with high repopulating activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:7-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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