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Liu Z, Liu Q, Chen S, Su H, Jiang T. Circular RNA Circ_0005564 promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells in osteoporosis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4911-4923. [PMID: 34374320 PMCID: PMC8806437 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1959865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (CircRNA) plays a potential role in bone formation. We aimed to study the circRNAs expression profiles and their functions in osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Firstly, we established osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs displaying increased mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation marker (RUNX2, OPN, and OCN), increased ALP activity and protein expression, and increased mineralized nodules formation, as well as morphological alteration. Then, we employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze circRNA expression and found that 3440 and 3893 circRNAs in non-induced and induced groups, respectively. We further validated the 10 differentially expressed circRNAs with the most significant difference between induced and non-induced groups. Among these ten circRNAs, five of them with more than one miRNA binding site were used to construct a ceRNA network exhibiting 81 miRNAs and 182 target mRNAs. Furthermore, among these five circRNAs, we found only circ_0005564 significantly reduced the mRNA expression of RUNX2, OPN, and OCN. The circularity of circ_0005564 was verified. Our results showed that knockdown of circ_0005564 inhibited osteoblast differentiation in BMSCs. Taken together, our study demonstrates that circ_0005564 is a potential positive regulator of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanchuang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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102
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Yan M, Niu L, Liu J, Yao Y, Li H. circEVI5 acts as a miR-4793-3p sponge to suppress the proliferation of gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:774. [PMID: 34354043 PMCID: PMC8342614 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a covalently closed loop structure. Accumulating evidence shows that circRNAs play vital roles in the growth, metastasis, treatment and prognosis of various cancers. However, the detailed functions and underlying mechanisms of circEVI5 (hsa_circ_0013162) in gastric cancer (GC) remain undocumented. In this study, the expression levels and prognostic value of circEVI5 were validated in GC tissue samples by using qRT-PCR. circEVI5 was significantly downregulated in GC tissues and cells, and low circEVI5 expression was correlated with poor prognosis. Next, in vitro CCK-8 assay, EdU incorporation assay, PI staining cell cycle assay, and in vivo xenograft mouse models were conducted to assess the functions of circEVI5. Gain of function experiments indicated that circEVI5 could inhibit GC cell proliferation and retard the cell cycle. Moreover, bioinformatics prediction showed that circEVI5 binds to miR-4793-3p, while FOXO1 may be a target of miR-4793-3p. Pull-down assays, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays, luciferase assays, and western blot were used to confirm the interactions between circEVI5, miR-4793-3p, and FOXO1. Functional assays demonstrated that circEVI5 suppressed the proliferation of GC by sponging miR-4793-3p and increasing FOXO1 expression levels. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that circEVI5 can bind miR-4793-3p as a ceRNA to eliminate the negative regulation of FOXO1, therefore suppressing GC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meinan Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Liling Niu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
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Das A, Sinha T, Shyamal S, Panda AC. Emerging Role of Circular RNA-Protein Interactions. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:48. [PMID: 34449657 PMCID: PMC8395946 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as novel regulators of gene expression in various biological processes. CircRNAs regulate gene expression by interacting with cellular regulators such as microRNAs and RNA binding proteins (RBPs) to regulate downstream gene expression. The accumulation of high-throughput RNA-protein interaction data revealed the interaction of RBPs with the coding and noncoding RNAs, including recently discovered circRNAs. RBPs are a large family of proteins known to play a critical role in gene expression by modulating RNA splicing, nuclear export, mRNA stability, localization, and translation. However, the interaction of RBPs with circRNAs and their implications on circRNA biogenesis and function has been emerging in the last few years. Recent studies suggest that circRNA interaction with target proteins modulates the interaction of the protein with downstream target mRNAs or proteins. This review outlines the emerging mechanisms of circRNA-protein interactions and their functional role in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Das
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (A.D.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Tanvi Sinha
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (A.D.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sharmishtha Shyamal
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (A.D.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Amaresh Chandra Panda
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (A.D.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
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104
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Fu P, Lin L, Zhou H, Zhao S, Jie Z. Circular RNA circEGFR regulates tumor progression via the miR-106a-5p/DDX5 axis in colorectal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10940. [PMID: 34320120 PMCID: PMC8302139 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of studies have reported that dysregulation of circular RNA (circRNA) expression plays critical roles in the progression of several cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of circRNAs involvement in CRC remain largely unknown. Here, we confirmed that the level of circEGFR was significantly increased in CRC tissues compared to matched adjacent non-tumor tissues, and a high level of circEGFR was correlated with poor clinicopathological characteristics and poor prognosis in patients with CRC. Moreover, increased circEGFR expression promoted CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, circEGFR acted as a ceRNA for miR-106a-5p to relieve the repressive effect of miR-106a-5p on DDX5 mRNA. Moreover, circEGFR enhanced DDX5 expression, thereby upregulating p-AKT levels. Together, these findings showed that circEGFR promoted CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through the miR-106a-5p/DDX5/AKT axis, and may serve as a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liangqing Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sijun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhigang Jie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Formichi C, Nigi L, Grieco GE, Maccora C, Fignani D, Brusco N, Licata G, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. Non-Coding RNAs: Novel Players in Insulin Resistance and Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7716. [PMID: 34299336 PMCID: PMC8306942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of metabolic diseases related to insulin resistance (IR) have stressed the urgent need of accurate and applicable tools for early diagnosis and treatment. In the last decade, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have gained growing interest because of their potential role in IR modulation. NcRNAs are variable-length transcripts which are not translated into proteins but are involved in gene expression regulation. Thanks to their stability and easy detection in biological fluids, ncRNAs have been investigated as promising diagnostic and therapeutic markers in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we review the emerging role of ncRNAs in the development of IR and related diseases such as obesity, T2D and NAFLD, and summarize current evidence concerning their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Maccora
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), 53100 Siena, Italy
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106
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Dai H, Hu F, Yang X, Hu P, Chu Y, Bu S. Hsa_circ_0054633 association of C peptide is related to IL-17 and TNF-α in patients with diabetes mellitus receiving insulin treatment. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23856. [PMID: 34272768 PMCID: PMC8373319 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation damaged the islet and resulted in dysfunction of T2D. Circular RNA is stable and better for biomarker in many diseases. Here, we aimed to identify potential circular RNA hsa_circ_0054633 that can be a biomarkers for the effects of insulin therapy in T2D. Methods In this retrospective case‐control study, patients were from Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, China, from February 10, 2019, to August 15, 2019. We included 47 healthy adults, 46 new‐onset T2D with insulin resistance, and 51 patients with insulin therapy. Serum inflammation factors were tested by ELISA assays. We selected hsa_circ_0054633 as a candidate biomarker and measured its concentration in serum by qRT‐PCR. The Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between this circRNA and clinical variables. Results Clinical data indicated that serum C peptide was increased in T2D treatment with insulin. Serum hsa_circ_0054633 was decreased in insulin treatment group. Hsa_circ_0054633 was negative correlated with C peptide (r = −0.2841, p = 0.0433,). IL‐1 and IL‐6, IL‐17, and TNF‐α were higher in T2D patients and decreased after insulin treatment, only IL‐17 and TNF‐α showed a positive correlation to hsa_circ_0054633 (r = 0.4825, p < 0.0001, and r = 0.6190, p < 0.0001). The area under ROC curve was 0.7432, 0.5839, and 0.7573 for Hsa_circ_0054633, C peptide, and their combination. Conclusion Hsa_circ_0054633 level was lower in T2D with insulin treatment than untreated and was a negative correlation with C peptide, and positively correlated with IL‐17 and TNF‐α, suggesting that hsa_circ_0054633 may be a potential early indicator of insulin treatment effect to improve inflammation condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixue Dai
- Department of endocrinology, Ninghai Chengguan Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, China
| | - Xiangwei Yang
- Department of endocrinology, Ninghai Chengguan Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of endocrinology, Ninghai Chengguan Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yudong Chu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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107
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Shu L, Zhou C, Yuan X, Zhang J, Deng L. MSCFS: inferring circRNA functional similarity based on multiple data sources. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:371. [PMID: 34271851 PMCID: PMC8285884 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More and more evidence shows that circRNA plays an important role in various biological processes and human health. Therefore, inferring the circRNA’s potential functions and obtaining circRNA functional similarity has become more and more significant. However, there is no effective approach to explore the functional similarity of circRNAs. Methods In this paper, we propose a new approach, called MSCFS, to calculate the functional similarity of circRNA by integrating multiple data sources. We combine circRNA-disease association, circRNA-gene-Gene Ontology association, and circRNA sequence information to explore the functional similarity of circRNA. Firstly, we employ different learning representation methods from three data sources to establish three circRNA functional similarity networks. Then we integrate the three networks to obtain the final circRNA functional similarity. Results We utilize circRNA–miRNA association similarity and circRNA co-expression similarity to evaluate the performance of MSCFS. The results show a positive correlation with miRNA association (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R=0.213$$\end{document}R=0.213) and circRNA co-expression similarity (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R=0.8991$$\end{document}R=0.8991). Finally, we construct a circRNA functional similarity network and perform case analysis. The result shows our method can be applied to infer new potential functions of circRNA and other associations. Conclusions MSCFS combines multiple data sources related to circRNA functions. Correlation analysis and case analyses prove that MSCFS is a useful method to explore circRNA functional similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Lushangnan Road, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Lushangnan Road, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Jingpu Zhang
- School of Computer and Data Science, Henan University of Urban Construction, Longxiang Road, Pingdingshan, 467000, China
| | - Lei Deng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Lushangnan Road, Changsha, China.
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108
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Ji X, Sun W, Lv C, Huang J, Zhang H. Circular RNAs Regulate Glucose Metabolism in Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4005-4021. [PMID: 34239306 PMCID: PMC8259938 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s316597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were originally thought to result from RNA splicing errors. However, it has been shown that circRNAs can regulate cancer onset and progression in various ways. They can regulate cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, they modulate glucose metabolism in cancer cells through different mechanisms such as directly regulating glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporter (GLUT) or indirectly regulating signal transduction pathways. In this review, we elucidate on the role of circRNAs in regulating glucose metabolism in cancer cells, which partly explains the pathogenesis of malignant tumors, and provides new therapeutic targets or new diagnostic and prognostic markers for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhou Lv
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
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109
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Zeng Y, Zheng Z, Liu F, Yi G. Circular RNAs in metabolism and metabolic disorders. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13220. [PMID: 33580638 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a serious health condition triggered by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and abnormal adipose deposition. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been proposed as key molecular players in metabolic homeostasis due to their regulatory effects on genes linked to the modulation of multiple aspects of metabolism, including glucose and lipid homeostasis. Dysregulation of circRNAs can lead to metabolic disorders, indicating that circRNAs represent plausible potential targets to alleviate metabolic abnormalities. More recently, a series of circulating circRNAs have been identified to act as both essential regulatory molecules and biomarkers for the progression of metabolism-related disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM or T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The findings of this study highlight the function of circRNAs in signaling pathways implicated in metabolic diseases and their potential as future therapeutics and disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fengtao Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Guanghui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Sun X, Liu D, Ge N, Guo J, Wang S, Liu X, Wang G, Sun S. Recent Advances in the Potential Use of Circular RNA for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4251-4262. [PMID: 34093039 PMCID: PMC8168960 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s308809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few biomarkers available for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of pancreatic cancer. In addition, the development of targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer is an unmet need due to the lack of molecular targets. With the continuous progress in circular RNA (circRNA)-related research, its role in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer has been discovered and gradually recognized. Therefore, circRNA may represent a novel marker for early diagnosis of this disease and a focus of targeted clinical therapy. CircRNA is a type of non-coding RNA with a closed circular structure formed by covalent bonds. Some circRNAs can act as “sponges” to adsorb microRNAs (miRNAs) and play the role of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to remove their inhibitory effects on the target genes of miRNA. Thus, they can indirectly restore the expression of target genes. The circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network plays a regulatory role in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and other biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer. Given the recent advances in circRNA, this review seeks to provide an overview of the biological function of circRNA and highlights the recent research progress regarding the molecular mechanism of circRNA for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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111
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Epigenetic Regulation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression through the mTOR Signaling Pathway. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:5596712. [PMID: 34123955 PMCID: PMC8169250 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5596712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, is an aggressive tumor with a high mortality rate because of the limited systemic and locoregional treatment modalities. The development and progression of HCC depend on epigenetic changes that result in the activation or inhibition of some signaling pathways. The mTOR signaling pathway is essential for many pathophysiological processes and is considered a major regulator of cancer. Increasing evidence has shown that epigenetics plays a key role in HCC biology by regulating the mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, epigenetic regulation through the mTOR signaling pathway to diagnose and treat HCC will become a very promising strategy.
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112
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Profiling of circular RNAs and circTPCN/miR-634/mTOR regulatory pathway in cervical cancer. Genomics 2021; 113:2253-2263. [PMID: 34029698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly stable forms of endogenous non-coding RNA molecules with diverse biological functions. Some of them have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in the initiation or development of cancers through regulation of gene expression. However, the profiles and the roles of circRNAs in tumorigenesis of cervical cancer remain largely unknown. In the current study, we investigated the expression profiles of circRNAs and their potential oncogenic mechanisms in cervical cancer. The expression patterns, obtained using a microarray assay, revealed a total of 192 differentially expressed circRNAs, of which 106 were upregulated and 86 were downregulated, in cervical cancer samples compared with normal cervical samples. The differential expression of circRNAs was validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Two circRNAs (circTPCN and circFAM185A) were confirmed to be significantly upregulated in cervical cancer samples, indicating that they represent potential biomarkers of cervical cancer. The role and the potential molecular mechanism of circTPCN in cervical cancer tumorigenesis were further investigated. Knockdown of circTPCN significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis of cervical cancer cells in vitro. Molecular analysis revealed that circTPCN acted as a sponge of miR-634 to enhance mTOR expression. Thus, the circTPCN/miR-634/mTOR regulatory pathway might be involved in cervical cancer tumorigenesis, and circTPCN is a potential therapeutic target in cervical cancer.
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113
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Liu X, Frost J, Bowcock A, Zhang W. Canonical and Interior Circular RNAs Function as Competing Endogenous RNAs in Psoriatic Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105182. [PMID: 34068434 PMCID: PMC8153647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Understanding the function of circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of noncoding RNA, in psoriatic skin can provide important insights into the complex regulation of genes contributing to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. (2) Methods: A novel method was applied to RNA-seq datasets from 93 skin biopsy samples to comprehensively identify circRNAs of all types, i.e., canonical circRNAs from the intron-exon junctions of mRNAs and interior circRNAs (i-circRNAs) from the interior regions of exons, introns, and intergenic regions. Selected circRNAs were experimentally validated by qRT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. CircRNAs with abundant and differential expression were identified and their putative function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) was analyzed by an integrated analysis of circRNAs, microRNAs, and mRNAs. (3) Results: With a comprehensive search using no information of splicing signals, we systematically identified 179 highly abundant circRNAs in psoriatic skin. Many of these were reported for the first time and many were differentially expressed in involved versus normal or uninvolved skin. Validation based on three additional RNA-seq datasets confirmed most of the identified circRNAs in psoriatic skin. Experimental analyses confirmed the expression of the well-known circRNA CDR1as, a canonical circRNA, and a novel i-circRNA in psoriasis. We also identified many circRNAs that may act as ceRNAs to regulate the expression of mRNA genes in psoriasis-related signaling pathways in psoriasis. (4) Conclusions: The result of the study suggested that circRNAs are abundant in psoriatic skin, have distinct characteristics, and contribute to psoriatic pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Liu
- Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China;
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jacqueline Frost
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Anne Bowcock
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.F.); (A.B.)
- Departments of Dermatology and Genetics & Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Weixiong Zhang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China;
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Correspondence:
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114
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Verduci L, Tarcitano E, Strano S, Yarden Y, Blandino G. CircRNAs: role in human diseases and potential use as biomarkers. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:468. [PMID: 33976116 PMCID: PMC8113373 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous RNAs characterized by a covalent loop structure. In comparison to other types of RNAs, the abundance of circRNAs is relatively low but due to the circular configuration, their stability is very high. In addition, circRNAs display high degree of tissue specificity. The sponging activity of circRNAs toward microRNAs is the best-described mode of action of circRNAs. However, the ability of circRNAs to bind with specific proteins, as well as to encode short proteins, propose alternative functions. This review introduces the biogenesis of circRNAs and summarizes the roles played by circRNAs in human diseases. These include examples of their functional roles in several organ-specific cancers, such as head and neck and breast and lung cancers. In addition, we review potential functions of circRNAs in diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, a growing number of studies have demonstrated involvement of circRNAs in a wide spectrum of signaling molecular pathways, but at the same time many different and controversial views on circRNAs role and function are emerging. We conclude by offering cellular homeostasis generated by networks comprising circular RNAs, other non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins. Accordingly, it is predictable that circRNAs, due to their highly stable nature and remarkable tissue specificity, will emerge as reliable biomarkers of disease course and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Verduci
- Unit of Oncogenomic and Epigenetic, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Tarcitano
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sabrina Strano
- SAFU Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Unit of Oncogenomic and Epigenetic, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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Dynamic Expression Profiles of Circular RNAs during Brown to White Adipose Tissue Transformation in Goats ( Capra hircus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051351. [PMID: 34068539 PMCID: PMC8150810 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In our study, we launched RNA-seq in order to investigate the potential functions of circRNA during brown adipose tissue (BAT) to white adipose tissue (WAT) transformation. As a result, 6610 circRNAs and 61 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were identified. Moreover, 65 miRNAs were detected that could potentially interact with DEcircRNAs. The present study provides a detailed circRNA expression landscape and evidence for circRNA functions in the transformation from BAT to WAT. Abstract Adipose tissues are mainly divided into brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT). WAT mainly functions to buffer excess calories, whereas BAT plays a role in the non-shivering thermogenesis to maintain body temperature and energy balance. Moreover, circRNAs play important roles in various biological processes. However, knowledge of the expression profile and function of circRNAs from BAT to WAT remains largely unknown. In this study, a total of 6610 unique circRNAs were identified in the perirenal adipose tissues of 1-day, 30-days, and 1-year goats. Functional annotation revealed that host genes of circRNAs were involved in some BAT-related pathways, such as the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and VEGF signaling pathway. Furthermore, a total of 61 DEcircRNAs were detected across three stages. Additionally, five selected circRNAs were validated by RNase R assay, qPCR, and Sanger sequencing. Finally, the circRNA–miRNA network was constructed between the DEcircRNAs and their miRNA binding sites.
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Wang Z, Deng C, Zheng Y. Involvement of circRNAs in Proinflammatory Cytokines-Mediated β-Cell Dysfunction. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5566453. [PMID: 34054343 PMCID: PMC8112919 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5566453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM During the initial stage of type 1 diabetes, prolonged exposure of pancreatic β-cell to proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ results in a decreased capacity to produce and release insulin, as well as cell loss by apoptosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with closed loop with no free ends. circRNAs have been reported to be participated in the development of many diseases. As little is known about their role in insulin-secreting cells, this study is aimed at evaluating their contribution in the process of inflammation-induced β-cell damage. METHODS circRNA expression profile of MIN6 cells stimulated with a mix of cytokines, including IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, was detected by circRNA microarrays. Four dysregulated circRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. The involvement of the selected circRNAs in β-cell dysfunction was tested after their inhibition in MIN6 cells. MicroRNA target prediction software and multiple bioinformatic approaches were used to predict the targeting genes of circRNAs and analyze possible functions of the circRNAs. RESULTS 1020 upregulated and 902 downregulated circRNAs were identified in cytokines-treated β-cells. Inhibition of circRNAs 000286 and 017277 in β-cells could promote β-cell apoptosis and affect insulin biosynthesis and secretion. GO analysis enriched terms such as regulation of transcription and regulation of gene expression and KEGG analysis enriched top pathways included TGF-β and MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS The data shows that circRNAs may be involved in proinflammatory cytokines-mediated β-cell dysfunction and suggests the involvement of circRNAs in the development of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Center for Medical Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
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Zhang Y, Jia DD, Zhang YF, Cheng MD, Zhu WX, Li PF, Zhang YF. The emerging function and clinical significance of circRNAs in Thyroid Cancer and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1731-1741. [PMID: 33994857 PMCID: PMC8120456 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.55381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. The incidence of TC, especially that of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC); has increased rapidly in recent decades. Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is closely related to TC and has an estimated prevalence of 5%. Thus, it is becoming increasingly important to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TC and AITD. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with covalently bonded circular structures that lack 5'-3' polarity and polyadenylated tails. Several circRNAs play crucial roles in the development of various diseases, including TC and AITD, and could be important new biomarkers and/or targets for the diagnosis and therapy of such disorders. Although there are four subtypes of TC, research on circRNA has largely focused on its connection to PTC. Therefore, this review mainly summarizes the relationships between circRNAs and PTC and AITD, including the molecular mechanisms underlying these relationships. In particular, the functions of “miRNA sponges” and their interactions with proteins and RNA are discussed. The possible targeting of circRNAs for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of TC and AITD is also described. CircRNAs could be potential biomarkers of TC and AITD, although validation will be required before they can be implemented in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Dong-Dong Jia
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yi-Fei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Meng-Die Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
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Zheng Y, Hu J, Li Y, Hao R, Qi Y. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of circRNAs in lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25415. [PMID: 33832139 PMCID: PMC8036086 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate multiple pathways during lung cancer pathogenesis. Apart from functional significance, many circRNAs have been shown to be associated with clinicopathological characteristics and predict lung cancer prognosis. Our aim is to summarize the expanding knowledge of clinical roles of circRNAs in lung cancer. METHODS A thorough search of literature was conducted to identify articles about the correlation between circRNA expression and its prognostic and clinicopathological values. Biological mechanisms were summarized. RESULTS This study included 35 original articles and 32 circRNAs with prognostic roles for lung cancer. Increased expression of 25 circRNAs and decreased expression of 7 circRNAs predicted poor prognosis. For non-small cell lung cancer, changes of circRNAs were correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and differentiation, indicating the major function of circRNAs is to promote lung cancer invasion and migration. Particularly, meta-analysis of ciRS-7, hsa_circ_0020123, hsa_circ_0067934 showed increase of the 3 circRNAs was associated with positive lymph node metastasis. Increase of ciRS-7 and hsa_circ_0067934 was also related with advanced TNM stage. The biological effects depend on the general function of circRNA as microRNA sponge. CONCLUSIONS CircRNAs have the potential to function as prognostic markers and are associated with lung cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zheng
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Science and Technology, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yishuai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital
| | - Ran Hao
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
- Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai
| | - Yixin Qi
- Department of Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Zhu J, Fu Q, Shao J, Jinhui Peng, Qian Q, Zhou Y, Yi Chen. Regulating effect of Circ_ATRNL1 on the promotion of SOX9 expression to promote chondrogenic differentiation of hAMSCs mediated by MiR-145-5p. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:487-502. [PMID: 33734580 DOI: 10.1002/term.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Circ_ATRNL1 is significantly highly expressed in cartilage tissues of patients with osteoarthritis. This study explored the role and mechanism of circ_ATRNL1 in cartilage differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). hAMSCs were isolated and identified by flow cytometry. The degree of chondrocyte and adipogenic differentiation was assessed using Alcian blue staining and Oil Red O staining, respectively. The expressions of cartilage- and adipogenic-related genes, circ_ATRNL1, and SOX9 were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between SOX9 and circ_ATRNL1 was analyzed using Pearson test. Bioinformatics and luciferase analysis were used to detect the overlapped target miRNAs of circ_ATRNL1 and SOX9. The role of circ_ATRNL1/miRNA/SOX9 was examined using functional rescue assays. hAMSCs were identified as CD90-, CD105-, and CD44-positive. The degree of cartilage differentiation of hAMSCs was significantly enhanced after 2 weeks. Cartilage-related genes, circ_ATRNL1 and SOX9, were significantly upregulated, and positively correlated with each other. Circ_ATRNL1 overexpression enhanced hAMSC proliferation and differentiation into chondrogenesis, and promoted the expressions of COL2, Aggrecan, and SOX9. Overexpression of circ_ATRNL1 inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of hAMSCs and the expressions of adipogenic-related genes. miR-145-5p was a target miRNA for circ_ATRNL1 and SOX9. miR-145-5p mimic inhibited hAMSC differentiation toward cartilage, and inhibited the expression of cartilage-related factors. miR-145-5p mimic effectively reversed the regulating effect of circ_ATRNL1 on hAMSCs. Circ_ATRNL1 regulates the promotion of SOX9 expression to promote chondrogenic differentiation of hAMSCs mediated by miR-145-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Orthopedic Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Fu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Orthopedic Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Shao
- Department of Joint Surgery and Orthopedic Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Peng
- Department of Joint Surgery and Orthopedic Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qirong Qian
- Department of Joint Surgery and Orthopedic Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqin Zhou
- Department of Joint Surgery and Orthopedic Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Orthopedic Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been identified as a new class of long noncoding RNAs with gene regulatory roles. These covalently closed transcripts are generated when the pre-mRNA splicing machinery back splices to join a downstream 5' splice site to an upstream 3' splice site. CircRNAs are naturally resistant to degradation by exonucleases and have long half-lives compared with their linear counterpart that potentially could serve as biomarkers for disease. Recent evidence highlights that circRNAs may play an essential role in cardiovascular injury and repair. However, our knowledge of circRNA is still in its infancy with limited direct evidence to suggest that circRNA may play critical roles in the mechanism and treatment of cardiac dysfunction. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of circRNA in the cardiovascular system.
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121
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Jiao S, Wu S, Huang S, Liu M, Gao B. Advances in the Identification of Circular RNAs and Research Into circRNAs in Human Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:665233. [PMID: 33815488 PMCID: PMC8017306 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.665233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a closed-loop structure that are mainly produced by variable processing of precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs). They are widely present in all eukaryotes and are very stable. Currently, circRNA studies have become a hotspot in RNA research. It has been reported that circRNAs constitute a significant proportion of transcript expression, and some are significantly more abundantly expressed than other transcripts. CircRNAs have regulatory roles in gene expression and critical biological functions in the development of organisms, such as acting as microRNA sponges or as endogenous RNAs and biomarkers. As such, they may have useful functions in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. CircRNAs have been found to play an important role in the development of several diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurological disorders, diabetes, and cancer. In this paper, we review the status of circRNA research, describe circRNA-related databases and the identification of circRNAs, discuss the role of circRNAs in human diseases such as colon cancer, atherosclerosis, and gastric cancer, and identify remaining research questions related to circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihu Jiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Computational Science and Application, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China.,Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China
| | - Song Wu
- Director of Preventive Treatment of Disease Centre, Qinhuangdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Headquarters General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Xiao L, Rao JN, Wang JY. RNA-binding proteins and long noncoding RNAs in intestinal epithelial autophagy and barrier function. Tissue Barriers 2021; 9:1895648. [PMID: 33709880 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1895648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal autophagy and barrier function are crucial for maintaining the epithelium homeostasis and tightly regulated through well-controlled mechanisms. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) modulate gene expression at the posttranscription level and are intimately involved in different physiological processes and diverse human diseases. In this review, we first highlight the roles of several RBPs and lncRNAs in the regulation of intestinal epithelial autophagy and barrier function, particularly focusing on the emerging evidence of RBPs and lncRNAs in the control of mRNA stability and translation. We additionally discuss recent findings that the interactions between RBPs and lncRNAs alter the fate of their target transcripts and thus influence gut epithelium host defense in response to stressful environments. These exciting advances in understanding the posttranscriptional control of the epithelial autophagy and barrier function by RBPs and lncRNAs provide a strong rationale for developing new effective therapeutics based on targeting RBPs and/or lncRNAs to preserve the intestinal epithelial integrity in patients with critical illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaladanki N Rao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Department of Veterans Affairs, USA
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Luo S, Deng M, Xie Z, Li X, Huang G, Zhou Z. Circulating circular RNAs profiles associated with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3394. [PMID: 32798322 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been shown to exert important effects in human diseases. However, the roles of circRNAs in type 1 diabetes (T1D) are largely unknown. This study is to identify the circRNA expression profiles in the peripheral blood of patients with T1D and predict their potential regulatory mechanisms and coding potential. METHODS CircRNA expression profiles were detected by Arraystar human circRNA microarray. With real-time PCR validation, multiple bioinformatics approaches were used to explore their biological functions, construct the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions, and predict circRNA coding potential. RESULTS A total of 93 differentially expressed circular transcripts were identified in T1D compared with controls, among which 30 were upregulated, and 63 were downregulated. Two circRNAs were identified to have significant differences by RT-PCR. Gene ontology analysis enriched terms such as cellular protein metabolic process, cytoplasm and zinc ion binding. The proposed molecular functions of these differentially expressed circRNAs, including cellular protein metabolic process, cytoplasm, and binding, may contribute to T1D. The most enriched pathways for these circRNAs were involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Hsa_circ_0072697 may be involved in 50 circRNA-miRNA-mRNA signalling pathways related to diabetes, such as circ_0072697-miR-15a-UBASH3A network. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0071224, hsa_circ_0002437, hsa_circ_0084429, hsa_circ_0072697, and hsa_circ_0000787 in T1D were considered to have the most coding potential involved in the pathogenesis of T1D. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in the peripheral blood of patients with T1D and may play potential actions by interactions with miRNA and circRNA-derived peptides in the development of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoming Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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Mao Z, Liu G, Xiao GY, Zhao C, Zou YC. CircCDR1as Suppresses Bone Microvascular Endothelial Cell Activity and Angiogenesis Through Targeting miR-135b/ FIH-1 Axis. Orthop Surg 2021; 13:573-582. [PMID: 33619902 PMCID: PMC7957389 DOI: 10.1111/os.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The current study investigated the role of CircCDR1as on angiogenesis of bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) isolated from non‐traumatic ONFH. Methods Forty corticosteroid‐induced ONFH patients received THA were enrolled in our study. Expressions of CircCDR1as, miR‐135b, and FIH‐1 were detected by qRT‐PCR in affected necrosis tissue and non‐affected normal tissue. Bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) were isolated from six patients and treated with 0.1 mg/mL hydrocortisone to establish a GC‐damaged model of BMECs. Circ CDR1as plasmid and miR‐135b mimic were transfected into BMECs. BMEC proliferation was assessed using MTT assays. The migration ability of cells was detected by scratch‐wound assays. Matrigel assay was performed to detect angiogenesis in vitro. Western blot assay was used to detect HIF‐1α, VEGF, and FIH‐1 expressions. FISH, RNA pull down, RIP, and luciferase assay were carried out to determine the interaction of CircCDR1as, miR‐135b, and FIH‐1. Results CircCDR1as was upregulated(2.02 ± 0.30 vs. 1.00 ± 0.10,P < 0.001) whereas miR‐135b was downregulated (0.55 ± 0.12 vs. 1.00 ± 0.10,P < 0.001) in affected tissues than in non‐affected tissues. Expression of CircCDR1as and FIH‐1 were negatively associated with miR‐135b in affected tissues (CircCDR1as with miR‐135b: r = −0.506, P < 0.001; FIH‐1 with miR‐135b r = −0.510, P < 0.001). Total blood tubule density was increased when CircCDR1as was silenced compared with NC (P < 0.01 vs. NC). The number of migrated BMECs were significantly increased in CircCDR1as silencing group compared with NC group (P < 0.05 vs. NC). In addition, CircCDR1as plasmids transfection increased the protein expressions of FIH‐1 (P < 0.05 vs. NC) and reduced the HIF‐1α as well as VEGF expression compared with NC group (P < 0.05 vs. NC). FISH, RNA pull down, RIP, and luciferase assay identified that FIH‐1 was a target of miR‐135b and could be modulated by CircCDR1as. Conclusion CircCDR1as decreases angiogenesis and proliferation of BMECs by sponging miR‐135b and upregulate FIH‐1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Chang Zhao
- Department of orthopedics, The Third affiliated hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Cong Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Lu Y, Zheng Z, Yuan Y, Pathak JL, Yang X, Wang L, Ye Z, Cho WC, Zeng M, Wu L. The Emerging Role of Exosomes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628103. [PMID: 33718365 PMCID: PMC7951141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer constitutes approximately 2% of all cancers, while the most common type, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents 90% of oral cancers. Although the treatment of OSCC has improved recently, it still has a high rate of local recurrence and poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of only 50%. Advanced stage OSCC tends to metastasize to lymph nodes. Thus, exploring new therapeutic strategies for OSCC is therefore an urgent priority. Exosomes, the small membrane vesicles derived from endosomes, have been detected in a wide array of bodily fluids. Exosomes contain a diversity of proteins, mRNAs, and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, piRNAs, circular RNAs, tsRNAs, and ribosomal RNAs, which are delivered to neighboring cells or even transported to distant sites. Exosomes have been associated with the tumorigenesis of OSCC, promote the proliferation, colonization, and metastasis of OSCC by transferring their contents to the target cells. Furthermore, exosomes are involved in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment to transform conditions favoring cancer progression in vivo. In this review, we summarize the crucial role of exosomes in the tumorigenesis and progression of OSCC and discuss the potential clinical application of exosomes in OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lu
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Zheng
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyi Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuechao Yang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhitong Ye
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mingtao Zeng
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Lihong Wu
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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Sabouri E, Rajabzadeh A, Enderami SE, Saburi E, Soleimanifar F, Barati G, Rahmati M, Khamisipour G, Enderami SE. The Role of MicroRNAs in the Induction of Pancreatic Differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 16:145-154. [PMID: 32564764 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200621173607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy is one of the therapeutic options with promising results in the treatment of diabetes. Stem cells from various sources are expanded and induced to generate the cells capable of secreting insulin. These insulin-producing cells [IPCs] could be used as an alternative to islets in the treatment of patients with diabetes. Soluble growth factors, small molecules, geneencoding transcription factors, and microRNAs [miRNAs] are commonly used for the induction of stem cell differentiation. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with 21-23 nucleotides that are involved in the regulation of gene expression by targeting multiple mRNA targets. Studies have shown the dynamic expression of miRNAs during pancreatic development and stem cell differentiation. MiR- 7 and miR-375 are the most abundant miRNAs in pancreatic islet cells and play key roles in pancreatic development as well as islet cell functions. Some studies have tried to use these small RNAs for the induction of pancreatic differentiation. This review focuses on the miRNAs used in the induction of stem cells into IPCs and discusses their functions in pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Sabouri
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Rajabzadeh
- Applied Cell Sciences and Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elnaz Enderami
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology [NIGEB], Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soleimanifar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Gholamreza Khamisipour
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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127
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Jian F, Yangyang R, Wei X, Jiadan X, Na L, Peng Y, Maohong B, Guoping N, Zhaoji P. The Prognostic and Predictive Significance of circRNA CDR1as in Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 10:549982. [PMID: 33665157 PMCID: PMC7924075 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.549982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 antisense (CDR1as) is an important member of the circRNAs family, also known as cirs-7. Its main function in vivo is to act as a mir-7 sponge. Accumulated studies show that CDR1as is closely related to various diseases, especially cancer. Our analysis show that CDR1as expression in human cancer is significantly associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.06–3.04; p < 0.00001) and that high CDR1as expression is associated with the tumor node metastasis stage (odds ratio [OR] = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.63–2.78; p < 0.00001), and distant metastasis (OR = 3.50, 95% CI = 1.90–6.64; p < 0.00001). Furthermore, the results reveal the prognostic significance of CDR1as in neoplasms of the digestive system (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 2.14–2.71; p < 0.001), colorectal cancer (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.96–2.85; p < 0.001), and non-small cell lung cancer (HR = 2.40, 95% CI = 3.42–4.83; p = 0.008). In this study, we summarize in detail the latest research findings and demonstrate the function and regulatory mechanism of CDR1as in various cancer processes, and its potential as a biomarker for cancer prevention and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ren Yangyang
- Clinical Laboratory, Xinyi People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xu Wei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Jiadan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Na
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bian Maohong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Niu Guoping
- Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhaoji
- Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
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128
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Zhang C, Ding R, Sun Y, Huo ST, He A, Wen C, Chen H, Du WW, Lai W, Wang H. Circular RNA in tumor metastasis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:1243-1257. [PMID: 33717646 PMCID: PMC7907675 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of endogenous non-coding RNA that were discovered to regulate gene expression through multiple pathways. Metastasis remains one of the biggest obstacles in cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on circRNAs involved in cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. We present recently identified tumor-related circRNAs and discuss their functioning in tumor progression and metastasis. These circRNAs are categorized into different functional mechanisms, including microRNA (miRNA) sponging, protein binding, regulation of host genes, translation of circRNAs, and exosomal circRNAs. Additionally, the indirect functions of circRNAs that regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and autophagy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 510000, Guangdong Province, China.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - RongFang Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - YiCheng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si Tong Huo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Alina He
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Chang Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - HongHao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - William W Du
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - WeiNan Lai
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China 510515
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 510000, Guangdong Province, China
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129
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Gora IM, Ciechanowska A, Ladyzynski P. NLRP3 Inflammasome at the Interface of Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Type 2 Diabetes. Cells 2021; 10:314. [PMID: 33546399 PMCID: PMC7913585 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), accounting for 90-95% cases of diabetes, is characterized by chronic inflammation. The mechanisms that control inflammation activation in T2DM are largely unexplored. Inflammasomes represent significant sensors mediating innate immune responses. The aim of this work is to present a review of links between the NLRP3 inflammasome, endothelial dysfunction, and T2DM. The NLRP3 inflammasome activates caspase-1, which leads to the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β and interleukin 18. In this review, we characterize the structure and functions of NLRP3 inflammasome as well as the most important mechanisms and molecules engaged in its activation. We present evidence of the importance of the endothelial dysfunction as the first key step to activating the inflammasome, which suggests that suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome could be a new approach in depletion hyperglycemic toxicity and in averting the onset of vascular complications in T2DM. We also demonstrate reports showing that the expression of a few microRNAs that are also known to be involved in either NLRP3 inflammasome activation or endothelial dysfunction is deregulated in T2DM. Collectively, this evidence suggests that T2DM is an inflammatory disease stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, studies revealing the role of glucose concentration in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome are analyzed. The more that is known about inflammasomes, the higher the chances to create new, effective therapies for patients suffering from inflammatory diseases. This may offer potential novel therapeutic perspectives in T2DM prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona M. Gora
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (P.L.)
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130
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Long F, Lin Z, Li L, Ma M, Lu Z, Jing L, Li X, Lin C. Comprehensive landscape and future perspectives of circular RNAs in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:26. [PMID: 33536039 PMCID: PMC7856739 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common hereditary tumor that is often fatal. Its pathogenesis involves multiple genes, including circular RNAs (circRNAs). Notably, circRNAs constitute a new class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a covalently closed loop structure and have been characterized as stable, conserved molecules that are abundantly expressed in tissue/development-specific patterns in eukaryotes. Based on accumulating evidence, circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in CRC tissues, cells, exosomes, and blood from patients with CRC. Moreover, numerous circRNAs have been identified as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors that mediate tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemoradiation resistance in CRC. Although the regulatory mechanisms of circRNA biogenesis and functions remain fairly elusive, interesting results have been obtained in studies investigating CRC. In particular, the expression of circRNAs in CRC is comprehensively modulated by multiple factors, such as splicing factors, transcription factors, specific enzymes and cis-acting elements. More importantly, circRNAs exert pivotal effects on CRC through various mechanisms, including acting as miRNA sponges or decoys, interacting with RNA binding proteins, and even translating functional peptides. Finally, circRNAs may serve as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in the clinical practice of CRC. In this review, we discuss the dysregulation, functions and clinical significance of circRNAs in CRC and further discuss the molecular mechanisms by which circRNAs exert their functions and how their expression is regulated. Based on this review, we hope to reveal the functions of circRNAs in the initiation and progression of cancer and highlight the future perspectives on strategies targeting circRNAs in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Class 25 Grade 2016, The Five-Year Program in Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhixing Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China
| | - Liang Jing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China.
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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131
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Brozzi F, Regazzi R. Circular RNAs as Novel Regulators of β-Cell Functions under Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041503. [PMID: 33546109 PMCID: PMC7913224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a large class of non-coding RNAs characterized by a covalently closed circular structure. They originate during mRNA maturation through a modification of the splicing process and, according to the included sequences, are classified as Exonic, Intronic, or Exonic-Intronic. CircRNAs can act by sequestering microRNAs, by regulating the activity of specific proteins, and/or by being translated in functional peptides. There is emerging evidence indicating that dysregulation of circRNA expression is associated with pathological conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and updated view of the most abundant circRNAs expressed in pancreatic islet cells, some of which originating from key genes controlling the differentiation and the activity of insulin-secreting cells or from diabetes susceptibility genes. We will particularly focus on the role of a group of circRNAs that contribute to the regulation of β-cell functions and that display altered expression in the islets of rodent diabetes models and of type 2 diabetic patients. We will also provide an outlook of the unanswered questions regarding circRNA biology and discuss the potential role of circRNAs as biomarkers for β-cell demise and diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Brozzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-692-52-80 or +41-21-692-52-55
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132
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Liu C, Chen M, Shi Y. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0006220 and its correlation with clinicopathological factors in human breast cancer. Gland Surg 2021; 10:816-825. [PMID: 33708563 DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs) are highly stable and conserved forms of RNAs present in all eukaryotes. They can modulate the expression of genes by sponging specific micro RNAs (miRNAs), thereby affecting various disease processes. However, their expression pattern in human breast cancer has not been elucidated. Methods In this study, differentially expressed circRNAs in breast cancer tissues and paired noncancerous tissues were analyzed using an Arraystar Human circRNA Microarray, and hsa_circ_0006220 was selected for its 27-fold downregulation in breast cancer tissues. Its expression was also verified in 50 breast cancer and paired noncancerous tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). An analysis of the expression of hsa_circ_0006220 and the clinicopathological factors in breast cancer was conducted. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of hsa_circ_0006220 was constructed. The interaction between hsa_circ_0006220 and five possible target miRNAs was predicted, and their expression were verified when overexpressing hsa_circ_0006220 by RT-PCR. Results Hsa_circ_0006220 was found to be significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared to the paired noncancerous tissues by microarray and RT-PCR. The expression of hsa_circ_0006220 was significantly inversely correlated with histological type (P=0.0028) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.0341). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.706. Five miRNAs that might be sponged by hsa_circ_0006220 were predicted. MiR-197-5p was significantly downregulated after overexpression of hsa_circ_0006220. Conclusions Our results indicated that hsa_circ_0006220 may play a role in human breast cancer and might be a potential tumor marker for breast cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingshi Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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133
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Azari H, Mousavi P, Karimi E, Sadri F, Zarei M, Rafat M, Shekari M. The expanding role of CDR1-AS in the regulation and development of cancer and human diseases. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:771-790. [PMID: 32697389 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CircRNAs are a superabundant and highly conserved group of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are characterized by their high stability and integrity compared with linear forms of ncRNAs. Recently, their critical role in gene expression regulation has been shown; thus, it is not far-fetched to believe that their abnormal expression can be a cause of different kinds of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune diseases. They can have a function in variety of biological processes such as microRNA (miRNA) sponging, interacting with RNA-binding proteins, or even an ability to translate to proteins. A huge challenge in finding diagnostic biomarkers is finding noninvasive biomarkers that can be detected in human fluids, especially blood samples. CircRNAs are becoming candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases through their ability to transverse from the blood-brain barrier and their broad presence in circulating exosomes. The circRNA for miRNA-7 (ciRS-7) is newly recognized, and acknowledged to being related to human pathology and cancer progression. In this review, we first briefly summarize the latest studies about their characteristics, biogenesis, and their mechanisms of action in the regulation and development of human diseases. Finally, we provide a list of diseases that are linked to one member of this novel class of ncRNAs called ciRS-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Azari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Pegah Mousavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Elham Karimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Zarei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Milad Rafat
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shekari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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134
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Wei X, Shi Y, Dai Z, Wang P, Meng X, Yin B. Underlying metastasis mechanism and clinical application of exosomal circular RNA in tumors (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 58:289-297. [PMID: 33650643 PMCID: PMC7864150 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a long non-coding RNA molecule with a closed loop structure lacking a 5′cap and 3′tail. circRNA is stable, difficult to cleave and resistant to RNA exonuclease or RNase R degradation. circRNA molecules have several clinical applications, especially in tumors. For instance, circRNA may be used for non-invasive diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Exosomes play a crucial role in the development of tumors. Exosomal circRNA in particular has led to increased research interest into tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Additionally, exosomal circRNA plays a role in cell-cell communication. Exosomal circRNA facilitates tumor metastasis by altering the tumor microenvironment and the pre-metastatic niche. Additionally, studies have revealed the mechanism by which exosomal circRNA affects malignant progression through signal transduction. Moreover, exosomal circRNA promotes tumor metastasis by regulating gene expression, RNA transcription and protein translation. In this review, the biological features and clinical application of exosomal circRNA are described, highlighting the underlying mechanisms through which they regulate tumor metastasis. The application of circRNA as clinical diagnostic biomarkers and in the development of novel therapeutic strategies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Wei
- Department of Urology, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yaxing Shi
- Department of Urology, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Nong An Country, Changchun, Jilin 130200, P.R. China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengde Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of Urology, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Zhang W, Qi L, Chen R, He J, Liu Z, Wang W, Tu C, Li Z. Circular RNAs in osteoarthritis: indispensable regulators and novel strategies in clinical implications. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:23. [PMID: 33436088 PMCID: PMC7802294 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a hot spot and sparked intensive interest. Initially considered as the transcriptional noises, further studies have indicated that circRNAs are crucial regulators in multiple cellular biological processes, and thus engage in the development and progression of many diseases including osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a prevalent disease that mainly affects those aging, obese and post-traumatic population, posing as a major source of socioeconomic burden. Recently, numerous circRNAs have been found aberrantly expressed in OA tissues compared with counterparts. More importantly, circRNAs have been demonstrated to interplay with components in OA microenvironments, such as chondrocytes, synoviocytes and macrophages, by regulation of their proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, or extracellular matrix reorganization. Herein, in this review, we extensively summarize the roles of circRNAs in OA microenvironment, progression, and putative treatment, as well as envision the future directions for circRNAs research in OA, with the aim to provide a novel insight into this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyue Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.
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Sarkar D, Diermeier SD. Circular RNAs: Potential Applications as Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:2. [PMID: 33466455 PMCID: PMC7838774 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that form a covalently closed loop. A number of functions and mechanisms of action for circRNAs have been reported, including as miRNA sponge, exerting transcriptional and translational regulation, interacting with proteins, and coding for peptides. CircRNA dysregulation has also been implicated in many cancers, such as breast cancer. Their relatively high stability and presence in bodily fluids makes cancer-associated circRNAs promising candidates as a new biomarker. In this review, we summarize the research undertaken on circRNAs associated with breast cancer, discuss circRNAs as biomarkers, and present circRNA-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah D. Diermeier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
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Wang L, Yi J, Lu LY, Zhang YY, Wang L, Hu GS, Liu YC, Ding JC, Shen HF, Zhao FQ, Huang HH, Liu W. Estrogen-induced circRNA, circPGR, functions as a ceRNA to promote estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell growth by regulating cell cycle-related genes. Theranostics 2021; 11:1732-1752. [PMID: 33408778 PMCID: PMC7778588 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER)-regulated gene transcriptional events have been well known to be involved in ER-positive breast carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as a new family of functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with implications in a variety of pathological processes, such as cancer. However, the estrogen-regulated circRNA program and the function of such program remain uncharacterized. Methods: CircRNA sequencing (circRNA-seq) was performed to identify circRNAs induced by estrogen, and cell proliferation, colony formation, wound healing, transwell and tumor xenograft experiments were applied to examine the function of estrogen-induced circRNA, circPGR. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and ceRNA network analysis wereperformed to identify circPGR's target genes and the microRNA (miRNA) bound to circPGR. Anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO) was used to assess circPGR's effects on ER-positive breast cancer cell growth. Results: Genome-wide circRNA profiling by circRNA sequencing (circRNA-seq) revealed that a large number of circRNAs were induced by estrogen, and further functional screening for the several circRNAs originated from PGR revealed that one of them, which we named as circPGR, was required for ER-positive breast cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis. CircPGR was found to be localized in the cytosol of cells and functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-301a-5p to regulate the expression of multiple cell cycle genes. The clinical relevance of circPGR was underscored by its high and specific expression in ER-positive breast cancer cell lines and clinical breast cancer tissue samples. Accordingly, anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting circPGR was proven to be effective in suppressing ER-positive breast cancer cell growth. Conclusions: These findings reveled that, besides the well-known messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and enhancer RNA (eRNA) programs, estrogen also induced a circRNA program, and exemplified by circPGR, these estrogen-induced circRNAs were required for ER-positive breast cancer cell growth, providing a new class of therapeutic targets for ER-positive breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Estrogens/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Prognosis
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jia Yi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ling-yun Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361101, China
| | - Yue-ying Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Dongxia North Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Guo-sheng Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yi-chen Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jian-cheng Ding
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hai-feng Shen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Fang-qing Zhao
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hai-hua Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Dongxia North Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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138
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Xiao J, Wang R, Zhou W, Cai X, Ye Z. Circular RNA CSNK1G1 promotes the progression of osteoarthritis by targeting the miR‑4428/FUT2 axis. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:232-242. [PMID: 33416120 PMCID: PMC7723508 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that results in chronic arthralgia and functional disability of the affected joint. To date, there is no effective treatment available for this disease. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of intracellular stable RNA that can regulate the development and progression of OA. However, the function of circCSNK1G1 in OA has not yet been investigated. In the present study, it was found that circCSNK1G1 was upregulated in OA cartilage tissues. The upregulation of circCSNK1G1 was associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis. Moreover, the expression of miR‑4428 was downregulated and that of fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) was upregulated in OA‑affected cartilage tissues. Dual‑luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation confirmed that miR‑4428 targeted FUT2 mRNA to inhibit FUT2 expression. circCSNK1G1 and FUT2 induced ECM degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis. The negative effects of circCSNK1G1 and FUT2 were reversed by miR‑4428. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that circCSNK1G1 promotes the development of OA by targeting the miR‑4428/FUT2 axis. Thus, the circCSNK1G1/miR‑4428/FUT2 axis may present a novel target for the treatment of OA in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Xiao
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000
| | - Rongsheng Wang
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai 200000
| | - Weijian Zhou
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Cai
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000
| | - Zhizhong Ye
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000
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139
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Chen YM, Zhu Q, Cai J, Zhao ZJ, Yao BB, Zhou LM, Ji LD, Xu J. Upregulation of T Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway Components in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Joint Analysis of mRNA and circRNA Expression Profiles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:774608. [PMID: 35046894 PMCID: PMC8763273 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.774608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can regulate blood glucose levels by targeting mRNAs, but the role of circRNAs in GDM is still unknown. Therefore, a joint microarray analysis of circRNAs and their target mRNAs in GDM patients and healthy pregnant women was carried out. METHODS In this study, microarray analyses of mRNA and circRNA in 6 GDM patients and 6 healthy controls were conducted to identify the differentially expressed mRNA and circRNA in GDM patients, and some of the discovered mRNAs and circRNAs were further validated in additional 56 samples by quantitative realtime PCR (qRT-PCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). RESULTS Gene ontology and pathway analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in T cell immune-related pathways. Cross matching of the differentially expressed mRNAs and circRNAs in the top 10 KEGG pathways identified 4 genes (CBLB, ITPR3, NFKBIA, and ICAM1) and 4 corresponding circRNAs (circ-CBLB, circ-ITPR3, circ-NFKBIA, and circ-ICAM1), and these candidates were subsequently verified in larger samples. These differentially expressed circRNAs and their linear transcript mRNAs were all related to the T cell receptor signaling pathway, and PCR results confirmed the initial microarray results. Moreover, circRNA/miRNA/mRNA interactions and circRNA-binding proteins were predicted, and circ-CBLB, circ-ITPR3, and circ-ICAM1 may serve as GDM-related miRNA sponges and regulate the expression of CBLB, ITPR3, NFKBIA, and ICAM1 in cellular immune pathways. CONCLUSION Upregulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway components may represent the major pathological mechanism underlying GDM, thus providing a potential approach for the prevention and treatment of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-ming Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiong Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhi-jia Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bin-bin Yao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li-ming Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Lin-dan Ji
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-dan Ji, ; Jin Xu,
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-dan Ji, ; Jin Xu,
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140
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Liu J, Lang G, Shi J. Epigenetic Regulation of PDX-1 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:431-442. [PMID: 33564250 PMCID: PMC7866918 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s291932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia which is caused by insufficient insulin secretion or insulin resistance. Interaction of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors plays a significant role in the development of T2DM. Several environmental factors including diet and lifestyle, as well as age have been associated with an increased risk for T2DM. It has been demonstrated that these environmental factors may affect global epigenetic status, and alter the expression of susceptible genes, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of T2DM. In recent years, a growing body of molecular and genetic studies in diabetes have been focused on the ways to restore the numbers or function of β-cells in order to reverse a range of metabolic consequences of insulin deficiency. The pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) is a transcriptional factor that is essential for the development and function of islet cells. A number of studies have shown that there is a significant increase in the level of DNA methylation of PDX-1 resulting in reduced activity in T2DM islets. The decrease in PDX-1 activity may be a critical mediator causing dysregulation of pancreatic β cells in T2DM. This article reviews the epigenetic mechanisms of PDX-1 involved in T2DM, focusing on diabetes and DNA methylation, and discusses some potential strategies for the application of PDX-1 in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangping Lang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jingshan Shi Tel +86-851-286-436-66Fax +86-851-286-423-03 Email
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141
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Xu B, Wang Q, Li W, Xia L, Ge X, Shen L, Cang Z, Peng W, Shao K, Huang S. Circular RNA circEIF4G2 aggravates renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by sponging miR-218. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 26:1799-1805. [PMID: 33615661 PMCID: PMC8918410 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs play essential roles in the development of various human diseases. However, how circRNAs are involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN) are not fully understood. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of circRNA circEIF4G2 on DN. Experiments were performed in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes and NRK‐52E cells. We found that circEIF4G2 was significantly up‐regulated in the kidneys of db/db mice and NRK‐52E cells stimulated by high glucose. circEIF4G2 knockdown inhibited the expressions of TGF‐β1, Collagen I and Fibronectin in high glucose‐stimulated NRK‐52E cells, which could be rescued by miR‐218 inhibitor. Knockdown of SERBP1 reduced the expression of TGF‐β1, Collagen I and Fibronectin in HG‐stimulated NRK‐52E cells. In summary, our findings suggested that circEIF4G2 promotes renal tubular epithelial cell fibrosis via the miR‐218/SERBP1 pathway, presenting a novel insight for DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxu Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisha Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Cang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfang Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Ma C, Gu R, Wang X, He S, Bai J, Zhang L, Zhang J, Li Q, Qu L, Xin W, Jiang Y, Li F, Zhao X, Zhu D. circRNA CDR1as Promotes Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification by Upregulating CAMK2D and CNN3 via Sponging miR-7-5p. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:530-541. [PMID: 33230455 PMCID: PMC7566008 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in multiple physiological processes and participate in a variety of human diseases. However, the underlying biological function of circRNAs in pulmonary hypertension (PH) is still ambiguous. Herein, we investigated the implication and regulatory effect of a typical circRNA, CDR1as, in the pathological process of vascular calcification in PH. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (HPASMC) calcification was analyzed by western blotting, immunofluorescence, alizarin red S staining, alkaline phosphatase activity analysis, and calcium deposition quantification. CDR1as targets were identified by bioinformatics analysis and validated by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA antisense purification assays. We identified that CDR1as was upregulated in hypoxic conditions and promoted a phenotypic switch of HPASMCs from a contractile to an osteogenic phenotype. Moreover, microRNA (miR)-7-5p was shown to be a target of CDR1as, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II-delta (CAMK2D) and calponin 3 (CNN3) were suggested to be the putative target genes and regulated by CDR1as/miR-7-5p. The results showed that the CDR1as/miR-7-5p/CNN3 and CAMK2D regulatory axis mediates HPASMC osteoblastic differentiation and calcification induced by hypoxia. This evidence reveals an approach to the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ma
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Rui Gu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - June Bai
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Lihui Qu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Wei Xin
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Daling Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
- State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Daqing 163319, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Daqing 163319, PR China
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143
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Liu C, Han T, Shi Y. The decreased expression of hsa_circ_0043278 and its relationship with clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Gland Surg 2020; 9:2044-2053. [PMID: 33447555 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most significant causes of death in women around the world. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are a novel class of conserved RNA molecules, are involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases, especially malignancies; however, researchers rarely report their roles in human breast cancer. Methods In the present study, the differentially expressed levels of circRNAs in human breast cancer tissues and paired noncancerous tissues were screened by circRNA microarray. Hsa_circ_0043278 was downregulated 43-fold in breast cancer and was selected for further analysis. The expression of hsa_circ_0043278 was verified in breast cancer specimens and paired noncancerous tissues by quantitative reverse transcription polymerized chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique. The relationship between the expression of hsa_circ_0043278 and the clinicopathological features was analyzed. Results Among the 520 differentially expressed circRNAs, 292 significantly upregulated circRNAs and 228 downregulated circRNAs in the breast cancer tissues compared with the paired noncancerous tissues. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of hsa_circ_0043278 was 0.690. The results of the bioinformatics prediction showed five target miRNAs that might be sponged by hsa_circ_0043278. The expression of hsa_circ_0043278 was associated with lymph node metastasis and histological type of the patient. Patients with lymph node metastasis have tumors with significantly downregulated expression of hsa_circ_0043278 (P=0.0201). Conclusions Our results suggest that hsa_circ_0043278 is downregulated and may play a key role in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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144
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Jiang C, Zeng X, Shan R, Wen W, Li J, Tan J, Li L, Wan R. The Emerging Picture of the Roles of CircRNA-CDR1as in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:590478. [PMID: 33335899 PMCID: PMC7736612 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.590478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed circular structures without 5′ caps and 3′ tails, which are mainly formed from precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs) via back-splicing of exons. With the development of RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, circRNAs were recently rediscovered and found to be widely expressed in the tree of life. Cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 antisense RNA (CDR1as) is recognized as one of the most well-identified circRNAs. It contains over 70 miR-7 binding sites and can regulate gene activity by sponging miR-7. Increasing numbers of studies have recently demonstrated that CDR1as is abnormally expressed in many types of tumors, such as colorectal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma and osteosarcoma, and plays a vital role in the development of cancer. However, there are few reviews focusing on CDR1as and cancer. Hence, it is important to review and discuss the role of CDR1as in cancer. Here, we first review the main biological features of CDR1as. We then focus on the expression and roles of CDR1as in cancer. Finally, we summarize what is known on the role of CDR1as in cancer and discuss future prospects in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaohong Zeng
- Imaging Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Renfeng Shan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinfeng Tan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Renhua Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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145
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Lo IJ, Hill J, Vilhjálmsson BJ, Kjems J. Linking the association between circRNAs and Alzheimer's disease progression by multi-tissue circular RNA characterization. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1789-1797. [PMID: 32618510 PMCID: PMC7714474 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1783487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has devastating consequences for patients during its slow, progressive course. It is important to understand the pathology of AD onset. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to participate in many human diseases including cancers and neurodegenerative conditions. In this study, we mined the published dataset on the AMP-AD Knowledge Portal from the Mount Sinai Brain Bank (MSBB) to describe the circRNA profiles at different AD stages in brain samples from four brain regions: anterior prefrontal cortex, superior temporal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus. In total, we found 147 circRNAs to be differentially expressed (DE) for different AD severity levels in the four regions. We also characterized the mRNA-circRNA co-expression network and annotated the potential function of circRNAs based on the co-expressed modules. Based on our results, we found that the most circRNA-regulated region in AD patients with severe symptoms was the parahippocampal gyrus. The strongest negatively AD severity-correlated module in the parahippocampal gyrus was enriched in cognitive disability and pathological-associated pathways such as synapse organization and regulation of membrane potential. Finally, a regression model based on the expression pattern of DE circRNAs in the module could help to distinguish the disease severity of patients, further supporting a role for circRNAs in AD pathology. In conclusion, our findings indicate that circRNAs in parahippocampal gyrus are possible biomarkers and regulators of AD as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- IJu Lo
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- QIAGEN Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson
- QIAGEN Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- The National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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146
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Chen H, Shan G. The physiological function of long-noncoding RNAs. Noncoding RNA Res 2020; 5:178-184. [PMID: 32959025 PMCID: PMC7494506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological processes of cells and organisms are regulated by various biological macromolecules, including long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which cannot be translated into protein and are different from small-noncoding RNAs on their length. In animals, lncRNAs are involved in development, metabolism, reproduction, aging and other life events by cis or trans effects. For many functional lncRNAs, there is growing evidence that they play different roles on cellular level and organismal level. On the other hand, many annotated lncRNAs are not essential and could be transcription noises. In this minireview, we investigate the physiological function of lncRNAs in cells and focus on their functions and functional mechanisms on the organismal level. The studies on lncRNAs using different classic animal models such as worms and flies are summarized and discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Ge Shan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
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147
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Chen J, Fu B, Bao J, Su R, Zhao H, Liu Z. Novel circular
RNA
2960 contributes to secondary damage of spinal cord injury by sponging
miRNA
‐124. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:1456-1464. [PMID: 32918278 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Spinal Orthopedics General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Spinal Orthopedics General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Jing Bao
- Rehabilitation Department Yinchuan First People's Hospital Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Rong Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Haoning Zhao
- Department of Spinal Orthopedics General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Zhongtao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan Ningxia China
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148
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A circular RNA generated from an intron of the insulin gene controls insulin secretion. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5611. [PMID: 33154349 PMCID: PMC7644714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine-tuning of insulin release from pancreatic β-cells is essential to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. Here, we report that insulin secretion is regulated by a circular RNA containing the lariat sequence of the second intron of the insulin gene. Silencing of this intronic circular RNA in pancreatic islets leads to a decrease in the expression of key components of the secretory machinery of β-cells, resulting in impaired glucose- or KCl-induced insulin release and calcium signaling. The effect of the circular RNA is exerted at the transcriptional level and involves an interaction with the RNA-binding protein TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43). The level of this circularized intron is reduced in the islets of rodent diabetes models and of type 2 diabetic patients, possibly explaining their impaired secretory capacity. The study of this and other circular RNAs helps understanding β-cell dysfunction under diabetes conditions, and the etiology of this common metabolic disorder.
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149
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Circulating expression of Hsa_circRNA_102893 contributes to early gestational diabetes mellitus detection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19046. [PMID: 33149201 PMCID: PMC7642424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to a poor availability of reliable biomarkers, detecting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early pregnancy remains a challenge. Novel biomarkers like Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may be a promising diagnostic tool. The aim of this study was (a) to identify circRNAs deregulated in GDM and (b) evaluate the potential of circRNAs in detecting GDM. The circRNAs expression profiling in 6 paired women (with and without GDM) was measured by microarray. The levels of five most relevant circRNAs were validated in 12 paired participants by qRT-PCR. To verify the reproducibility of qRT-PCR, significantly differential expressed circRNA levels were confirmed in 18 paired participants. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value. The areas under ROC curves of hsa_circRNA_102893 were 0.806 (95% CI 0.594–0.937) and 0.741 (0.568–0.872) in training set and test set, respectively. Circulating circRNAs reflect the presence of GDM. Hsa_circRNA_102893 may be a potential novel and stable noninvasive biomarker for detecting GDM in early pregnancy.
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150
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The Role of Circular RNAs in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Biliary-Tract Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113250. [PMID: 33158116 PMCID: PMC7694172 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic and biliary tract cancers often present with non-specific symptoms, resulting in diagnosis at a late stage. This may be too late for curative surgery. Earlier detection and characterisation may guide treatment options and increase survival. Natural “circles” of RNA (circRNAs) are shown to regulate cancer-related genes, and act as cancer “biomarkers”. Recent research has shown that circRNAs are both abundant and stable, both of which are desirable characteristics for clinically useful biomarkers. In this systematic review, we describe the roles of circRNAs in pancreatic and biliary tract cancers, summarise the current published research and explore their utility as a biomarker. A total of 32 articles were included: 22 considering Pancreatic Cancer, 7 for Bile Duct Cancer and 3 for Gallbladder Cancer. CircRNA proved an exciting prospect as a biomarker for these cancers and future work should continue to develop and expand this field of research. Abstract Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and biliary-tract cancers (BTC) often present at a late stage, and consequently patients have poor survival-outcomes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules whose role in tumourigenesis has recently been realised. They are stable, conserved and abundant, with tissue-specific expression profiles. Therefore, significant interest has arisen in their use as potential biomarkers for PDAC and BTC. High-throughput methods and more advanced bioinformatic techniques have enabled better profiling and progressed our understanding of how circRNAs may function in the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network to influence the transcriptome in these cancers. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to describe the roles of circRNAs in PDAC and BTC, their potential as biomarkers, and their function in the wider ceRNA network in regulating microRNAs and the transcriptome. Medline, Embase, Scopus and PubMed were systematically reviewed to identify all the studies addressing circRNAs in PDAC and BTC. A total of 32 articles were included: 22 considering PDAC, 7 for Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and 3 for Gallbladder Cancer (GBC). There were no studies investigating Ampullary Cancer. Dysregulated circRNA expression was associated with features of malignancy in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. Overall, there have been very few PDAC and BTC tissues profiled for circRNA signatures. Therefore, whilst the current studies have demonstrated some of their functions in these cancers, further work is required to elucidate their potential role as cancer biomarkers in tissue, biofluids and biopsies.
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