101
|
Protocol for Single Cell Isolation by Flow Cytometry. SINGLE CELL SEQUENCING AND SYSTEMS IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9753-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|
102
|
Murray LM, Nock V, Evans JJ, Alkaisi MM. Bioimprinted polymer platforms for cell culture using soft lithography. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:60. [PMID: 25547467 PMCID: PMC4304612 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-014-0060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is becoming recognised that traditional methods of culture in vitro on flat substrates do not replicate physiological conditions well, and a number of studies have indicated that the physical environment is crucial to the directed functioning of cells in vivo. In this paper we report the development of a platform with cell-like features that is suitable for in vitro investigation of cell activity. Biological cells were imprinted in hard methacrylate copolymer using soft lithography. The cell structures were replicated at high nanometre scale resolution, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy. Optimisation of the methacrylate-based co-polymer mixture for transparency and biocompatibility was performed, and cytotoxicity and chemical stability of the cured polymer in cell culture conditions were evaluated. Cells of an endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (Ishikawa) were cultured on bioimprinted substrates. Results The cells exhibited differential attachment on the bioimprint substrate surface compared to those on areas of flat surface and preferentially followed the pattern of the original cell footprint. Conclusions The results revealed for the first time that the cancer cells distinguished between behavioural cues from surfaces that had features reminiscent of themselves and that of flat areas. Therefore the imprinted platform will lend itself to detailed studies of relevant physical substrate environments on cell behaviour. The material is not degraded and its permanency allows reuse of the same substrate in multiple experimental runs. It is simple and does not require expensive or specialised equipment. In this work cancer cells were studied, and the growth behaviour of the tumour-derived cells was modified by alterations of the cells’ physical environment. Implications are also clear for studies in other crucial areas of health, such as wound healing and artificial tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Murray
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Volker Nock
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - John J Evans
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, and Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Maan M Alkaisi
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Rival A, Jary D, Delattre C, Fouillet Y, Castellan G, Bellemin-Comte A, Gidrol X. An EWOD-based microfluidic chip for single-cell isolation, mRNA purification and subsequent multiplex qPCR. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3739-49. [PMID: 25080028 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00592a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Single cell analysis circumvents the need to average data from large populations by observing each cell individually, thus enabling the analysis of cell-to-cell variability. The ability to work on this scale presents many new opportunities for the life sciences and biomedical applications. Microfluidics has become a tool of choice for such studies and electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) technology is well adapted for samples with reduced size and biological studies at the single cell level. In the present manuscript, for the first time, we present an integrated and automated system based on EWOD that can process the complete workflow on a single device, from the isolation of a single cell to mRNA purification and gene expression analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rival
- CEA, IRTSV, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
104
|
Abstract
Unprecedented access to the biology of single cells is now feasible, enabled by recent technological advancements that allow us to manipulate and measure sparse samples and achieve a new level of resolution in space and time. This review focuses on advances in tools to study single cells for specific areas of biology. We examine both mature and nascent techniques to study single cells at the genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics level. In addition, we provide an overview of tools that are well suited for following biological responses to defined perturbations with single-cell resolution. Techniques to analyze and manipulate single cells through soluble and chemical ligands, the microenvironment, and cell-cell interactions are provided. For each of these topics, we highlight the biological motivation, applications, methods, recent advances, and opportunities for improvement. The toolbox presented in this review can function as a starting point for the design of single-cell experiments.
Collapse
|
105
|
Real-time quantification of protein expression and translocation at individual cell resolution using imaging-dish-based live cell array. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7085-101. [PMID: 25258284 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell populations represent intrinsically heterogeneous systems with a high level of spatiotemporal complexity. Monitoring and understanding cell-to-cell diversity is essential for the research and application of intra- and interpopulation variations. Optical analysis of live cells is challenging since both adherent and nonadherent cells change their spatial location. However, most currently available single-cell techniques do not facilitate treatment and monitoring of the same live cells over time throughout multistep experiments. An imaging-dish-based live cell array (ID-LCA) has been developed and produced for cell handling, culturing, and imaging of numerous live cells. The dish is composed of an array of pico scale cavities-pico wells (PWs) embossed on its glass bottom. Cells are seeded, cultured, treated, and spatiotemporally measured on the ID-LCA, while each cell or small group of cells are locally constrained in the PWs. Finally, predefined cells can be retrieved for further evaluation. Various types of ID-LCAs were used in this proof-of-principle work, to demonstrate on-ID-LCA transfection of fluorescently tagged chimeric proteins, as well as the detection and kinetic analysis of their induced translocation. High variability was evident within cell populations with regard to protein expression levels as well as the extent and dynamics of protein redistribution. The association of these parameters with cell morphology and functional parameters was examined. Both the new methodology and the device facilitate research of the translocation process at individual cell resolution within large populations and thus, can potentially be used in high-throughput fashion.
Collapse
|
106
|
Zhu J, Shang J, Olsen T, Liu K, Brenner D, Lin Q. A Mechanically Tunable Microfluidic Cell-Trapping Device. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. A, PHYSICAL 2014; 215:197-203. [PMID: 25821347 PMCID: PMC4371545 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlled manipulation, such as isolation, positioning and trapping of cells, is important in basic biological research and clinical diagnostics. Micro/nanotechnologies have been enabling more effective and efficient cell trapping than possible with conventional platforms. Currently available micro/nanoscale methods for cell trapping, however, still lack flexibility in precisely controlling the number of trapped cells. We exploited the large compliance of elastomers to create an array of cell-trapping microstructures, whose dimensions can be mechanically modulated by inducing uniformly distributed strain via application of external force on the chip. The device consists of two elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheets, one of which bears dam-like, cup-shaped geometries to physically capture cells. The mechanical modulation is used to tune the characteristics of cell trapping to capture a predetermined number of cells, from single cells to multiple cells. Thus, enhanced utility and flexibility for practical applications can be attained, as demonstrated by tunable trapping of MCF-7 cells, a human breast cancer cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junyi Shang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Olsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA ; School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - David Brenner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA ; Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Witte C, Kremer C, Chanasakulniyom M, Reboud J, Wilson R, Cooper JM, Neale SL. Spatially selecting a single cell for lysis using light-induced electric fields. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:3026-31. [PMID: 24719234 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An optoelectronic tweezing (OET) device, within an integrated microfluidic channel, is used to precisely select single cells for lysis among dense populations. Cells to be lysed are exposed to higher electrical fields than their neighbours by illuminating a photoconductive film underneath them. Using beam spot sizes as low as 2.5 μm, 100% lysis efficiency is reached in <1 min allowing the targeted lysis of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Witte
- University of Glasgow, Division of Biomedical Engineering, G12 8LT, Scotland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
Malachowski K, Jamal M, Jin Q, Polat B, Morris C, Gracias DH. Self-folding single cell grippers. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4164-70. [PMID: 24937214 PMCID: PMC4096189 DOI: 10.1021/nl500136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Given the heterogeneous nature of cultures, tumors, and tissues, the ability to capture, contain, and analyze single cells is important for genomics, proteomics, diagnostics, therapeutics, and surgery. Moreover, for surgical applications in small conduits in the body such as in the cardiovascular system, there is a need for tiny tools that approach the size of the single red blood cells that traverse the blood vessels and capillaries. We describe the fabrication of arrayed or untethered single cell grippers composed of biocompatible and bioresorbable silicon monoxide and silicon dioxide. The energy required to actuate these grippers is derived from the release of residual stress in 3-27 nm thick films, did not require any wires, tethers, or batteries, and resulted in folding angles over 100° with folding radii as small as 765 nm. We developed and applied a finite element model to predict these folding angles. Finally, we demonstrated the capture of live mouse fibroblast cells in an array of grippers and individual red blood cells in untethered grippers which could be released from the substrate to illustrate the potential utility for in vivo operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Malachowski
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United
States
| | - Mustapha Jamal
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United
States
| | - Qianru Jin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United
States
| | - Beril Polat
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United
States
| | - Christopher
J. Morris
- United
States Army Research Laboratory, Sensors
and Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd., Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Parameter screening in microfluidics based hydrodynamic single-cell trapping. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:929163. [PMID: 25013872 PMCID: PMC4070438 DOI: 10.1155/2014/929163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic cell-based arraying technology is widely used in the field of single-cell analysis. However, among developed devices, there is a compromise between cellular loading efficiencies and trapped cell densities, which deserves further analysis and optimization. To address this issue, the cell trapping efficiency of a microfluidic device with two parallel micro channels interconnected with cellular trapping sites was studied in this paper. By regulating channel inlet and outlet status, the microfluidic trapping structure can mimic key functioning units of previously reported devices. Numerical simulations were used to model this cellular trapping structure, quantifying the effects of channel on/off status and trapping structure geometries on the cellular trapping efficiency. Furthermore, the microfluidic device was fabricated based on conventional microfabrication and the cellular trapping efficiency was quantified in experiments. Experimental results showed that, besides geometry parameters, cellular travelling velocities and sizes also affected the single-cell trapping efficiency. By fine tuning parameters, more than 95% of trapping sites were taken by individual cells. This study may lay foundation in further studies of single-cell positioning in microfluidics and push forward the study of single-cell analysis.
Collapse
|
110
|
van de Stolpe A, den Toonder JMJ. Circulating Tumor Cells: What Is in It for the Patient? A Vision towards the Future. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1195-207. [PMID: 24879438 PMCID: PMC4074824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6021195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on cellular signal transduction pathways as drivers of cancer growth and metastasis has fuelled development of “targeted therapy” which “targets” aberrant oncogenic signal transduction pathways. These drugs require nearly invariably companion diagnostic tests to identify the tumor-driving pathway and the cause of the abnormal pathway activity in a tumor sample, both for therapy response prediction as well as for monitoring of therapy response and emerging secondary drug resistance. Obtaining sufficient tumor material for this analysis in the metastatic setting is a challenge, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide an attractive alternative to biopsy on the premise that they can be captured from blood and the companion diagnostic test results are correctly interpreted. We discuss novel companion diagnostic directions, including the challenges, to identify the tumor driving pathway in CTCs, which in combination with a digital pathology platform and algorithms to quantitatively interpret complex CTC diagnostic results may enable optimized therapy response prediction and monitoring. In contrast to CTC-based companion diagnostics, CTC enumeration is envisioned to be largely replaced by cell free tumor DNA measurements in blood for therapy response and recurrence monitoring. The recent emergence of novel in vitro human model systems in the form of cancer-on-a-chip may enable elucidation of some of the so far elusive characteristics of CTCs, and is expected to contribute to more efficient CTC capture and CTC-based diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja van de Stolpe
- Fellow, Precision and Decentralized Diagnostics, Philips Research, Eindhoven 5656 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Jaap M J den Toonder
- Chair Microsystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Postbox 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Lim B, Reddy V, Hu X, Kim K, Jadhav M, Abedini-Nassab R, Noh YW, Lim YT, Yellen BB, Kim C. Magnetophoretic circuits for digital control of single particles and cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3846. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
112
|
Corbin EA, Millet LJ, Keller KR, King WP, Bashir R. Measuring physical properties of neuronal and glial cells with resonant microsensors. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4864-72. [PMID: 24734874 PMCID: PMC4033632 DOI: 10.1021/ac5000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonant sensors provide a high degree of accuracy for measuring the physical properties of chemical and biological samples. These sensors enable the investigation of cellular mass and growth, though previous sensor designs have been limited to the study of homogeneous cell populations. Population heterogeneity, as is generally encountered in primary cultures, reduces measurement yield and limits the efficacy of sensor mass measurements. This paper presents a MEMS resonant pedestal sensor array fabricated over through-wafer pores compatible with vertical flow fields to increase measurement versatility (e.g., fluidic manipulation and throughput) and allow for the measurement of heterogeneous cell populations. Overall, the improved sensor increases capture by 100% at a flow rate of 2 μL/min, as characterized through microbead experiments, while maintaining measurement accuracy. Cell mass measurements of primary mouse hippocampal neurons in vitro, in the range of 0.1-0.9 ng, demonstrate the ability to investigate neuronal mass and changes in mass over time. Using an independent measurement of cell volume, we find cell density to be approximately 1.15 g/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Corbin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
Håkanson M, Cukierman E, Charnley M. Miniaturized pre-clinical cancer models as research and diagnostic tools. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:52-66. [PMID: 24295904 PMCID: PMC4019677 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Consequently, important resources are directed towards bettering treatments and outcomes. Cancer is difficult to treat due to its heterogeneity, plasticity and frequent drug resistance. New treatment strategies should strive for personalized approaches. These should target neoplastic and/or activated microenvironmental heterogeneity and plasticity without triggering resistance and spare host cells. In this review, the putative use of increasingly physiologically relevant microfabricated cell-culturing systems intended for drug development is discussed. There are two main reasons for the use of miniaturized systems. First, scaling down model size allows for high control of microenvironmental cues enabling more predictive outcomes. Second, miniaturization reduces reagent consumption, thus facilitating combinatorial approaches with little effort and enables the application of scarce materials, such as patient-derived samples. This review aims to give an overview of the state-of-the-art of such systems while predicting their application in cancer drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Håkanson
- CSEM SA, Section for Micro-Diagnostics, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| | - Mirren Charnley
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
A Single-Cell Study of a Highly Effective Hog1 Inhibitor for in Situ Yeast Cell Manipulation. MICROMACHINES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/mi5010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
115
|
Saeki T, Hosokawa M, Lim TK, Harada M, Matsunaga T, Tanaka T. Digital cell counting device integrated with a single-cell array. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89011. [PMID: 24551208 PMCID: PMC3923895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel cell counting method accomplished using a single-cell array fabricated on an image sensor, complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensor. The single-cell array was constructed using a microcavity array, which can trap up to 7,500 single cells on microcavities periodically arranged on a plane metallic substrate via the application of a negative pressure. The proposed method for cell counting is based on shadow imaging, which uses a light diffraction pattern generated by the microcavity array and trapped cells. Under illumination, the cell-occupied microcavities are visualized as shadow patterns in an image recorded by the complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensor due to light attenuation. The cell count is determined by enumerating the uniform shadow patterns created from one-on-one relationships with single cells trapped on the microcavities in digital format. In the experiment, all cell counting processes including entrapment of non-labeled HeLa cells from suspensions on the array and image acquisition of a wide-field-of-view of 30 mm(2) in 1/60 seconds were implemented in a single integrated device. As a result, the results from the digital cell counting had a linear relationship with those obtained from microscopic observation (r(2) = 0.99). This platform could be used at extremely low cell concentrations, i.e., 25-15,000 cells/mL. Our proposed system provides a simple and rapid miniaturized cell counting device for routine laboratory use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Saeki
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Hosokawa
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Tadashi Matsunaga
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Chattopadhyay PK, Gierahn TM, Roederer M, Love JC. Single-cell technologies for monitoring immune systems. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:128-35. [PMID: 24448570 PMCID: PMC4040085 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complex heterogeneity of cells, and their interconnectedness with each other, are major challenges to identifying clinically relevant measurements that reflect the state and capability of the immune system. Highly multiplexed, single-cell technologies may be critical for identifying correlates of disease or immunological interventions as well as for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of immunity. Here we review limitations of bulk measurements and explore advances in single-cell technologies that overcome these problems by expanding the depth and breadth of functional and phenotypic analysis in space and time. The geometric increases in complexity of data make formidable hurdles for exploring, analyzing and presenting results. We summarize recent approaches to making such computations tractable and discuss challenges for integrating heterogeneous data obtained using these single-cell technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratip K Chattopadhyay
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd M Gierahn
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Bhattacharya S, Chao TC, Ariyasinghe N, Ruiz Y, Lake D, Ros R, Ros A. Selective trapping of single mammalian breast cancer cells by insulator-based dielectrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:1855-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
118
|
Burger R, Ducrée J. Handling and analysis of cells and bioparticles on centrifugal microfluidic platforms. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 12:407-21. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.12.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
119
|
Shen F, Li X, Li PCH. Study of flow behaviors on single-cell manipulation and shear stress reduction in microfluidic chips using computational fluid dynamics simulations. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:014109. [PMID: 24753729 PMCID: PMC3977823 DOI: 10.1063/1.4866358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Various single-cell retention structures (SCRSs) were reported for analysis of single cells within microfluidic devices. Undesirable flow behaviors within micro-environments not only influence single-cell manipulation and retention significantly but also lead to cell damage, biochemical heterogeneity among different individual cells (e.g., different cell signaling pathways induced by shear stress). However, the fundamentals in flow behaviors for single-cell manipulation and shear stress reduction, especially comparison of these behaviors in different microstructures, were not fully investigated in previous reports. Herein, flow distribution and induced shear stress in two different single-cell retention structures (SCRS I and SCRS II) were investigated in detail to study their effects on single-cell trapping using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. The results were successfully verified by experimental results. Comparison between these two SCRS shows that the wasp-waisted configuration of SCRS II has a better performance in trapping and manipulating long cylinder-shaped cardiac myocytes and provides a safer "harbor" for fragile cells to prevent cell damage due to the shear stress induced from strong flows. The simulation results have not only explained flow phenomena observed in experiments but also predict new flow phenomena, providing guidelines for new chip design and optimization, and a better understanding of the cell micro-environment and fundamentals of microfluidic flows in single-cell manipulation and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shen
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China ; Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Xiujun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA ; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Paul C H Li
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Choi JS, Bae S, Kim KH, Kim JYH, Sim SJ, Seo TS. Capture and culturing of single microalgae cells, and retrieval of colonies using a perforated hemispherical microwell structure. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09730k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We fabricated perforated hemispherical microwells and used them to capture and culture single microalgal cells, and to retrieve the resulting colonies with high speed and simplicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seob Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program) and Institute for The BioCentury
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sunwoong Bae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program) and Institute for The BioCentury
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program) and Institute for The BioCentury
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaoon Y. H. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Seok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program) and Institute for The BioCentury
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Haselgrübler T, Haider M, Ji B, Juhasz K, Sonnleitner A, Balogi Z, Hesse J. High-throughput, multiparameter analysis of single cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:3279-96. [PMID: 24292433 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity of cell populations in various biological systems has been widely recognized, and the highly heterogeneous nature of cancer cells has been emerging with clinical relevance. Single-cell analysis using a combination of high-throughput and multiparameter approaches is capable of reflecting cell-to-cell variability, and at the same time of unraveling the complexity and interdependence of cellular processes in the individual cells of a heterogeneous population. In this review, analytical methods and microfluidic tools commonly used for high-throughput, multiparameter single-cell analysis of DNA, RNA, and proteins are discussed. Applications and limitations of currently available technologies for cancer research and diagnostics are reviewed in the light of the ultimate goal to establish clinically applicable assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Haselgrübler
- Center for Advanced Bioanalysis GmbH, Gruberstraße 40-42, 4020, Linz, Austria,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
122
|
Zheng XT, Yu L, Li P, Dong H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li CM. On-chip investigation of cell-drug interactions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1556-74. [PMID: 23428898 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of cell-drug interaction is of great importance in drug discovery but continues to pose significant challenges to develop robust, fast and high-throughput methods for pharmacologically profiling of potential drugs. Recently, cell chips have emerged as a promising technology for drug discovery/delivery, and their miniaturization and flow-through operation significantly reduce sample consumption while dramatically improving the throughput, reliability, resolution and sensitivity. Herein we review various types of miniaturized cell chips used in investigation of cell-drug interactions. The design and fabrication of cell chips including material selection, surface modification, cell trapping/patterning, concentration gradient generation and mimicking of in vivo environment are presented. Recent advances of on-chip investigations of cell-drug interactions, in particular the high-throughput screening, cell sorting, cytotoxicity testing, drug resistance analysis and pharmacological profiling are examined and discussed. It is expected that this survey can provide thoughtful basics and important applications of on-chip investigations of cell-drug interactions, thus greatly promoting research and development interests in this area.
Collapse
|
123
|
Abstract
Cellular separations are required in many contexts in biochemical and biomedical applications for the identification, isolation, and analysis of phenotypes or samples of interest. Microfluidics is uniquely suited for handling biological samples, and emerging technologies have become increasingly accessible tools for researchers and clinicians. Here, we review advances in the last few years in techniques for microfluidic cell separation and manipulation. Applications such as high-throughput cell and organism phenotypic screening, purification of heterogeneous stem cell populations, separation of blood components, and isolation of rare cells in patients highlight some of the areas in which these technologies show great potential. Continued advances in separation mechanisms and understanding of cellular systems will yield further improvements in the throughput, resolution, and robustness of techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Jackson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, USA
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, USA
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Iino R, Matsumoto Y, Nishino K, Yamaguchi A, Noji H. Design of a large-scale femtoliter droplet array for single-cell analysis of drug-tolerant and drug-resistant bacteria. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:300. [PMID: 24109478 PMCID: PMC3790107 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell analysis is a powerful method to assess the heterogeneity among individual cells, enabling the identification of very rare cells with properties that differ from those of the majority. In this Methods Article, we describe the use of a large-scale femtoliter droplet array to enclose, isolate, and analyze individual bacterial cells. As a first example, we describe the single-cell detection of drug-tolerant persisters of Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with the antibiotic carbenicillin. As a second example, this method was applied to the single-cell evaluation of drug efflux activity, which causes acquired antibiotic resistance of bacteria. The activity of the MexAB-OprM multidrug efflux pump system from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was expressed in Escherichia coli and the effect of an inhibitor D13-9001 were assessed at the single cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Iino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
125
|
Jin J, Xing Y, Xi Y, Liu X, Zhou T, Ma X, Yang Z, Wang S, Liu D. A triggered DNA hydrogel cover to envelop and release single cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:4714-4717. [PMID: 23836697 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We develop an enzyme-triggered permeable DNA hydrogel cover to envelop and release single cells in microwells. The porous structure of the DNA hydrogel allows nutrients and waste to pass through, leading to a cell viability as high as 98%. The design provides a general method to culture, monitor, and manipulate single cells, and has potential applications in cell patterning and studying cell communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectrics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China, Fax: +86-10-62796082; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Abstract
An opto-thermocapillary micromanipulator (OTMm) capable of single-cell manipulation and patterning is presented here. The OTMm uses a near-infrared laser focused on an ITO substrate to induce thermocapillary convection that can trap and transport living cells with forces of up to 40 pN. The OTMm complements other cell-manipulation technologies, such as optical tweezers and dielectrophoresis, as it is less dependent upon the optical and electrical properties of the working environment, and can function in many types of cell culture media. The OTMm was used to construct single-cell matrices in two popular hydrogels: PEGDA and agarose. High viability rates were observed in both hydrogels, and cells patterned in agarose spread and migrated during subsequent culturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Hu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
Mannello F, Ligi D, Magnani M. Deciphering the single-cell omic: innovative application for translational medicine. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013; 9:635-48. [PMID: 23256674 DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Traditional technologies to investigate system biology are limited by the detection of parameters resulting from the averages of large populations of cells, missing cells produced in small numbers, and attempting to uniform the heterogeneity. The advent of proteomics and genomics at a single-cell level has set the basis for an outstanding improvement in analytical technology and data acquisition. It has been well demonstrated that cellular heterogeneity is closely related to numerous stochastic transcriptional events leading to variations in patterns of expression among single genetically identical cells. The new-generation technology of single-cell analysis is able to better characterize a cell's population, identifying and differentiating outlier cells, in order to provide both a single-cell experiment and a corresponding bulk measurement, through the identification, quantification and characterization of all system biology aspects (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, degradomics and fluxomics). The movement of omics into single-cell analysis represents a significant and outstanding shift.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Mannello
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Unit of Cell Biology, University Carlo Bo, Via O Ubaldini 7, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Ouyang Y, Wang S, Li J, Riehl PS, Begley M, Landers JP. Rapid patterning of 'tunable' hydrophobic valves on disposable microchips by laser printer lithography. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1762-1771. [PMID: 23478812 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc41275j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We recently defined a method for fabricating multilayer microdevices using poly(ethylene terephthalate) transparency film and printer toner, and showed these could be successfully applied to DNA extraction and amplification (Duarte et al., Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 5182-5189). Here, we advance the functionality of these microdevices with flow control enabled by hydrophobic valves patterned using laser printer lithography. Laser printer patterning of toner within the microchannel induces a dramatic change in surface hydrophobicity (change in contact angle of DI water from 51° to 111°) with good reproducibility. Moreover, the hydrophobicity of the surface can be controlled by altering the density of the patterned toner via varying the gray-scale setting on the laser printer, which consequently tunes the valve's burst pressure. Toner density provided a larger burst pressure bandwidth (158 ± 18 Pa to 573 ± 16 Pa) than could be achieved by varying channel geometry (492 ± 18 Pa to 573 ± 16 Pa). Finally, we used a series of tuned toner valves (with varied gray-scale) for passive valve-based fluidic transfer in a predictable manner through the architecture of a rotating PeT microdevice. While an elementary demonstration, this presents the possibility for simplistic and cost-effective microdevices with valved fluid flow control to be fabricated using nothing more than a laser printer, a laser cutter and a laminator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
129
|
Love KR, Bagh S, Choi J, Love JC. Microtools for single-cell analysis in biopharmaceutical development and manufacturing. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:280-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
130
|
Stender AS, Marchuk K, Liu C, Sander S, Meyer MW, Smith EA, Neupane B, Wang G, Li J, Cheng JX, Huang B, Fang N. Single cell optical imaging and spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2469-527. [PMID: 23410134 PMCID: PMC3624028 DOI: 10.1021/cr300336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S. Stender
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kyle Marchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Suzanne Sander
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Matthew W. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Emily A. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Bhanu Neupane
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Gufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Junjie Li
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Li Y, Feng X, Du W, Li Y, Liu BF. Ultrahigh-Throughput Approach for Analyzing Single-Cell Genomic Damage with an Agarose-Based Microfluidic Comet Array. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4066-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical
Photonics at Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics
and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical
Photonics at Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics
and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical
Photonics at Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics
and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
430074, China
| | - Ying Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical
Photonics at Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics
and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical
Photonics at Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics
and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Faenza A, Bocchi M, Duqi E, Giulianelli L, Pecorari N, Rambelli L, Guerrieri R. High Yield Patterning of Single Cells from Extremely Small Populations. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3446-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Faenza
- ARCES-University of Bologna, Via Toffano 2, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Bocchi
- ARCES-University of Bologna, Via Toffano 2, 40125 Bologna, Italy
- MindSeeds Laboratories s.r.l., Via Fondazza 53, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enri Duqi
- ARCES-University of Bologna, Via Toffano 2, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Giulianelli
- ARCES-University of Bologna, Via Toffano 2, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Pecorari
- ARCES-University of Bologna, Via Toffano 2, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Rambelli
- ARCES-University of Bologna, Via Toffano 2, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Dobes NC, Dhopeshwarkar R, Henley WH, Ramsey JM, Sims CE, Allbritton NL. Laser-based directed release of array elements for efficient collection into targeted microwells. Analyst 2013; 138:831-8. [PMID: 23223411 PMCID: PMC3558317 DOI: 10.1039/c2an36342a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A cell separation strategy capable of the systematic isolation and collection of moderate to large numbers (25-400) of single cells into a targeted microwell is demonstrated. An array of microfabricated, releasable, transparent micron-scale pedestals termed pallets and an array of microwells in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) were mated to enable selective release and retrieval of individual cells. Cells cultured on a pallet array mounted on a custom designed stage permitted the array to be positioned independently of the microwell locations. Individual pallets containing cells were detached in a targeted fashion using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The location of the laser focal point was optimized to transfer individual pallets to designated microwells. In a large-scale sort (n = 401), the accuracy, defined as placing a pallet in the intended well, was 94% and the collection efficiency was 100%. Multiple pallets were observed in only 4% of the targeted wells. In cell sorting experiments, the technique provided a yield and purity of target cells identified by their fluorescence signature of 91% and 93%, respectively. Cell viability based on single-cell cloning efficiency at 72 h post collection was 77%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. Dobes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Rahul Dhopeshwarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - W. Hampton Henley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - J. Michael Ramsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Christopher E. Sims
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Jokilaakso N, Salm E, Chen A, Millet L, Guevara CD, Dorvel B, Reddy B, Karlstrom AE, Chen Y, Ji H, Chen Y, Sooryakumar R, Bashir R. Ultra-localized single cell electroporation using silicon nanowires. LAB ON A CHIP 2013. [PMID: 23179093 PMCID: PMC3535553 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40837f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of cell-to-cell variation can further the understanding of intracellular processes and the role of individual cell function within a larger cell population. The ability to precisely lyse single cells can be used to release cellular components to resolve cellular heterogeneity that might be obscured when whole populations are examined. We report a method to position and lyse individual cells on silicon nanowire and nanoribbon biological field effect transistors. In this study, HT-29 cancer cells were positioned on top of transistors by manipulating magnetic beads using external magnetic fields. Ultra-rapid cell lysis was subsequently performed by applying 600-900 mV(pp) at 10 MHz for as little as 2 ms across the transistor channel and the bulk substrate. We show that the fringing electric field at the device surface disrupts the cell membrane, leading to lysis from irreversible electroporation. This methodology allows rapid and simple single cell lysis and analysis with potential applications in medical diagnostics, proteome analysis and developmental biology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Jokilaakso
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Eric Salm
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, ILLINOIS, USA
- Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, ILLINOIS, USA
| | - Aaron Chen
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, OHIO, USA
| | - Larry Millet
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, ILLINOIS, USA
- Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, ILLINOIS, USA
| | - Carlos Duarte Guevara
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, ILLINOIS, USA
- Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, ILLINOIS, USA
| | - Brian Dorvel
- Department of Biophysics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana 61801, ILLINOIS, USA
- Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, ILLINOIS, USA
| | - Bobby Reddy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, ILLINOIS, USA
- Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, ILLINOIS, USA
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore. A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 117685, Singapore
| | - Hongmiao Ji
- Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore. A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 117685, Singapore
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore. A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 117685, Singapore
| | | | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, ILLINOIS, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, ILLINOIS, USA
- Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, ILLINOIS, USA
- Fax: 217-244-6375 Tel: 217-333-3097
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Monitoring the single-cell stress response of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:1850-8. [PMID: 23315741 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03399-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Directly monitoring the stress response of microbes to their environments could be one way to inspect the health of microorganisms themselves, as well as the environments in which the microorganisms live. The ultimate resolution for such an endeavor could be down to a single-cell level. In this study, using the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana as a model species, we aimed to measure gene expression responses of this organism to various stresses at a single-cell level. We developed a single-cell quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) protocol and applied it to determine the expression levels of multiple selected genes under nitrogen, phosphate, and iron depletion stress conditions. The results, for the first time, provided a quantitative measurement of gene expression at single-cell levels in T. pseudonana and demonstrated that significant gene expression heterogeneity was present within the cell population. In addition, different expression patterns between single-cell- and bulk-cell-based analyses were also observed for all genes assayed in this study, suggesting that cell response heterogeneity needs to be taken into consideration in order to obtain accurate information that indicates the environmental stress condition.
Collapse
|
136
|
Pai JH, Kluckman K, Cowley DO, Bortner DM, Sims CE, Allbritton NL, Allbritton NL. Efficient division and sampling of cell colonies using microcup arrays. Analyst 2013; 138:220-8. [PMID: 23099535 PMCID: PMC3509232 DOI: 10.1039/c2an36065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A microengineered array to sample clonal colonies is described. The cells were cultured on an array of individually releasable elements until the colonies expanded to cover multiple elements. Single elements were released using a laser-based system and collected to sample cells from individual colonies. A greater than an 85% rate in splitting and collecting colonies was achieved using a 3-dimensional cup-like design or "microcup". Surface modification using patterned titanium deposition of the glass substrate improved the stability of microcup adhesion to the glass while enabling minimization of the laser energy for splitting the colonies. Smaller microcup dimensions and slotting the microcup walls reduced the time needed for colonies to expand into multiple microcups. The stem cell colony retained on the array and the collected fraction within released microcups remained undifferentiated and viable. The colony samples were characterized by both reporter gene expression and a destructive assay (PCR) to identify target colonies. The platform is envisioned as a means to rapidly establish cell lines using a destructive assay to identify desired clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Hao Pai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, Fax: +1 (919) 962-2388, Tel: +1 (919) 966-2291
| | | | - Dale O. Cowley
- TransViragen, Inc., PO Box 110301, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Donna M. Bortner
- TransViragen, Inc., PO Box 110301, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Christopher E. Sims
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, Fax: +1 (919) 962-2388, Tel: +1 (919) 966-2291
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, Fax: +1 (919) 962-2388, Tel: +1 (919) 966-2291
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Chao TC, Hansmeier N. Microfluidic devices for high-throughput proteome analyses. Proteomics 2012; 13:467-79. [PMID: 23135952 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, microfabricated bioanalytical platforms have gained enormous interest due to their potential to revolutionize biological analytics. Their popularity is based on several key properties, such as high flexibility of design, low sample consumption, rapid analysis time, and minimization of manual handling steps, which are of interest for proteomics analyses. An ideal totally integrated chip-based microfluidic device could allow rapid automated workflows starting from cell cultivation and ending with MS-based proteome analysis. By reducing or eliminating sample handling and transfer steps and increasing the throughput of analyses these workflows would dramatically improve the reliability, reproducibility, and throughput of proteomic investigations. While these complete devices do not exist for routine use yet, many improvements have been made in the translation of proteomic sample handling and separation steps into microfluidic formats. In this review, we will focus on recent developments and strategies to enable and integrate proteomic workflows into microfluidic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chiao Chao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Ueda E, Geyer FL, Nedashkivska V, Levkin PA. DropletMicroarray: facile formation of arrays of microdroplets and hydrogel micropads for cell screening applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:5218-24. [PMID: 23114283 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40921f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We describe a one-step method for creating thousands of isolated pico- to microliter-sized droplets with defined geometry and volume. Arrays of droplets are instantly formed as liquid moves along a superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterned surface. Bioactive molecules, nonadherent cells, or microorganisms can be trapped in the fully isolated microdroplets for high-throughput screening, or in hydrogel micropads for screening in 3D microenvironments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Ueda
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
Gach PC, Xu W, King SJ, Sims CE, Bear J, Allbritton NL. Microfabricated arrays for splitting and assay of clonal colonies. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10614-20. [PMID: 23153031 PMCID: PMC3525785 DOI: 10.1021/ac301895t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A microfabricated platform was developed for highly parallel and efficient colony picking, splitting, and clone identification. A pallet array provided patterned cell colonies which mated to a second printing array composed of bridging microstructures formed by a supporting base and attached post. The posts enabled mammalian cells from colonies initially cultured on the pallet array to migrate to corresponding sites on the printing array. Separation of the arrays simultaneously split the colonies, creating a patterned replica. Optimization of array elements provided transfer efficiencies greater than 90% using bridging posts of 30 μm diameter and 100 μm length and total colony numbers of 3000. Studies using five mammalian cell lines demonstrated that a variety of adherent cell types could be cultured and effectively split with printing efficiencies of 78-92%. To demonstrate the technique's utility, clonal cell lines with siRNA knockdown of Coronin 1B were generated using the arrays and compared to a traditional FACS/Western Blotting-based approach. Identification of target clones required a destructive assay to identify cells with an absence of Coronin 1B brought about by the successful infection of interfering shRNA construct. By virtue of miniaturization and its parallel format, the platform enabled the identification and generation of 12 target clones from a starting sample of only 3900 cells and required only 5 man hours over 11 days. In contrast, the traditional method required 500,000 cells and generated only 5 target clones with 34 man hours expended over 47 days. These data support the considerable reduction in time, manpower, and reagents using the miniaturized platform for clonal selection by destructive assay versus conventional approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Gach
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Samantha J. King
- Department of Cell & Development Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Christopher E. Sims
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - James Bear
- Department of Cell & Development Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Bhattacharyya P, Cherayil BJ. Chain extension of a confined polymer in steady shear flow. J Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4765295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
141
|
Iino R, Hayama K, Amezawa H, Sakakihara S, Kim SH, Matsumono Y, Nishino K, Yamaguchi A, Noji H. A single-cell drug efflux assay in bacteria by using a directly accessible femtoliter droplet array. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3923-9. [PMID: 22814576 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40394c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Active efflux of drugs, such as antibiotics, from a cell is one of the major mechanisms that cause multi-drug resistance in bacteria. Here we report a method to assess drug efflux activity in individual Escherichia coli cells enclosed and isolated in a directly accessible femtoliter droplet array with a fluorogenic compound. The inhibitory effect of a chemical compound on an exogenously expressed efflux pump system from pathogenic bacteria was easily detected at the single-cell level. We also present a proof-of-principle experiment to screen for the gene encoding a drug efflux pump by collecting individual droplets containing single cells in which the drug efflux activity was restored after introduction of the exogenous gene from pathogenic bacteria. Our approach will be a useful tool to screen novel pump inhibitors and efflux pump genes, and to overcome infectious diseases caused by multi-drug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Iino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Kumano I, Hosoda K, Suzuki H, Hirata K, Yomo T. Hydrodynamic trapping of Tetrahymena thermophila for the long-term monitoring of cell behaviors. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3451-3457. [PMID: 22825740 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic trapping technology has been widely applied for single-cell observation in order to reveal characteristic cell behaviors. However, this strategy has yet to be tested for monitoring highly motile cells, which are often biologically important. In this paper, we seek the conditions that enable effective and long-term trapping of a prominent model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila within a hydrodynamic microfluidic device. Although motility and flexibility of T. thermophila make it difficult to avoid escaping from the trap, we show that tuning some key parameters in the hydrodynamic circuit was effective to achieve approximately 40 h cell retention, which is long enough to monitor cell behaviors over several generations. Here, we demonstrate the real-time observation of cell division and phagocytic digestion, revealing interesting phenomena such as a wide distribution in doubling time in a poor synthetic medium and heterogeneous time courses in digestion processes. Our results present a strategy for trapping highly motile ciliate cells in order to study the dynamic behaviors of single cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itsuka Kumano
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-5, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Martins SAM, Trabuco JRC, Monteiro GA, Chu V, Conde JP, Prazeres DMF. Towards the miniaturization of GPCR-based live-cell screening assays. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:566-74. [PMID: 22921755 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a key role in many physiological or disease-related processes and for this reason are favorite targets of the pharmaceutical industry. Although ~30% of marketed drugs target GPCRs, their potential remains largely untapped. The discovery of new leads calls for the screening of thousands of compounds with high-throughput cell-based assays. Although microtiter plate-based high-throughput screening platforms are well established, microarray and microfluidic technologies hold potential for miniaturization, automation, and biosensor integration that may well redefine the format of GPCR screening assays. This paper reviews the latest research efforts directed to bringing microarray and microfluidic technologies into the realm of GPCR-based, live-cell screening assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia A M Martins
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Titmarsh DM, Chen H, Wolvetang EJ, Cooper-White JJ. Arrayed cellular environments for stem cells and regenerative medicine. Biotechnol J 2012; 8:167-79. [PMID: 22890848 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The behavior and composition of both multipotent and pluripotent stem cell populations are exquisitely controlled by a complex, spatiotemporally variable interplay of physico-chemical, extracellular matrix, cell-cell interaction, and soluble factor cues that collectively define the stem cell niche. The push for stem cell-based regenerative medicine models and therapies has fuelled demands for increasingly accurate cellular environmental control and enhanced experimental throughput, driving an evolution of cell culture platforms away from conventional culture formats toward integrated systems. Arrayed cellular environments typically provide a set of discrete experimental elements with variation of one or several classes of stimuli across elements of the array. These are based on high-content/high-throughput detection, small sample volumes, and multiplexing of environments to increase experimental parameter space, and can be used to address a range of biological processes at the cell population, single-cell, or subcellular level. Arrayed cellular environments have the capability to provide an unprecedented understanding of the molecular and cellular events that underlie expansion and specification of stem cell and therapeutic cell populations, and thus generate successful regenerative medicine outcomes. This review focuses on recent key developments of arrayed cellular environments and their contribution and potential in stem cells and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew M Titmarsh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Burger R, Kirby D, Glynn M, Nwankire C, O'Sullivan M, Siegrist J, Kinahan D, Aguirre G, Kijanka G, Gorkin RA, Ducrée J. Centrifugal microfluidics for cell analysis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:409-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
146
|
Isolated microbial single cells and resulting micropopulations grow faster in controlled environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:7132-6. [PMID: 22820335 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01624-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Singularized cells of Pichia pastoris, Hansenula polymorpha, and Corynebacterium glutamicum displayed specific growth rates under chemically and physically constant conditions that were consistently higher than those obtained in populations. This highlights the importance of single-cell analyses by uncoupling physiology and the extracellular environment, which is now possible using the Envirostat 2.0 concept.
Collapse
|
147
|
Anand RK, Chiu DT. Analytical tools for characterizing heterogeneity in organelle content. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:391-9. [PMID: 22694875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in the content and function of subcellular organelles on the intercellular and intracellular level plays an important role in determining cell fate. These variations extend to normal-state and disease-state cellular functions and responses to environmental stimuli, such as oxidative stress and therapeutic drugs. Analytical tools to characterize variation in all types of organelles are essential to provide insights that can lead to advances in medicine, such as therapies targeted to specific subcellular regions. In this review, we discuss analytical techniques for interrogating individual intact organelles (e.g. mitochondria and synaptic vesicles) and lysates in a high-throughput manner, including a recently developed nanoscale fluorescence-activated subcellular sorter and techniques based on capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. We then highlight the advantages that droplet microfluidics offers for probing subcellular heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robbyn K Anand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Delcea M, Sternberg N, Yashchenok AM, Georgieva R, Bäumler H, Möhwald H, Skirtach AG. Nanoplasmonics for dual-molecule release through nanopores in the membrane of red blood cells. ACS NANO 2012; 6:4169-4180. [PMID: 22463598 DOI: 10.1021/nn3006619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A nanoplasmonics-based opto-nanoporation method of creating nanopores upon laser illumination is applied for inducing diffusion and triggered release of small and large molecules from red blood cells (RBCs). The method is implemented using absorbing gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) aggregates on the membrane of loaded RBCs, which, upon near-IR laser light absorption, induce release of encapsulated molecules from selected cells. The binding of Au-NPs to RBCs is characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The process of release is driven by heating localized at nanoparticles, which impacts the permeability of the membrane by affecting the lipid bilayer and/or trans-membrane proteins. Localized heating and temperature rise around Au-NP aggregates is simulated and discussed. Research reported in this work is relevant for generating nanopores for biomolecule trafficking through polymeric and lipid membranes as well as cell membranes, while dual- and multi-molecule release is relevant for theragnostics and a wide range of therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Delcea
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Golm 14424, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Um E, Rha E, Choi SL, Lee SG, Park JK. Mesh-integrated microdroplet array for simultaneous merging and storage of single-cell droplets. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1594-1597. [PMID: 22422143 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21266h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We constructed a mesh-grid integrated microwell array which enables easy trapping and consistent addition of droplets. The grid acts as a microchannel structure to guide droplets into the microwells underneath, and also provides open access for additional manipulation in a high-throughput manner. Each droplet in the array forms a stable environment of pico-litre volume to implement a single-cell-based assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eujin Um
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Liu W, Li L, Wang JC, Tu Q, Ren L, Wang Y, Wang J. Dynamic trapping and high-throughput patterning of cells using pneumatic microstructures in an integrated microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1702-9. [PMID: 22430256 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc00034b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic trapping methods create significant opportunities to establish highly controlled cell positioning and arrangement for the microscale study of numerous cellular physiological and pathological activities. However, a simple, straightforward, dynamic, and high-throughput method for cell trapping is not yet well established. In the present paper, we report a direct active trapping method using an integrated microfluidic device with pneumatic microstructures (PμSs) for both operationally and quantitatively dynamic localization of cells, as well as for high-throughput cell patterning. We designed and fabricated U-shape PμS arrays to replace the conventional fixed microstructures for reversible trapping. Multidimensional dynamics and spatial consistency of the PμSs were optically characterized and quantitatively demonstrated. Furthermore, we performed a systematic trapping investigation of the PμSs actuated at a pressure range of 0 psi to 20 psi using three types of popularly applied mammalian cells, namely, human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, human hepatocellular liver carcinoma HepG2 cells, and human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. The cells were quantitatively trapped and controlled by the U-shape PμSs in a programmatic and parallel manner, and could be opportunely released. The trapped cells with high viability were hydrodynamically protected by the real-time actuation of specifically designed umbrella-like PμSs. We demonstrate that PμSs can be applied as an active microfluidic component for large-scale cell patterning and manipulation, which could be useful in many cell-based tissue organization, immunosensor, and high-throughput imaging and screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|