101
|
Richter J, Ploderer M, Mongelard G, Gutierrez L, Hauser MT. Role of CrRLK1L Cell Wall Sensors HERCULES1 and 2, THESEUS1, and FERONIA in Growth Adaptation Triggered by Heavy Metals and Trace Elements. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1554. [PMID: 28936224 PMCID: PMC5594065 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls are not only a protective barrier surrounding protoplasts but serve as signaling platform between the extracellular environment and the intracellular physiology. Ions of heavy metals and trace elements, summarized to metal ions, bind to cell wall components, trigger their modification and provoke growth responses. To examine if metal ions trigger cell wall sensing receptor like kinases (RLKs) of the Catharanthus roseus RLK1-like (CrRLK1L) family we employed a molecular genetic approach. Quantitative transcription analyses show that HERCULES1 (HERK1), THESEUS1 (THE1), and FERONIA (FER) were differently regulated by cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). Growth responses were quantified for roots and etiolated hypocotyls of related mutants and overexpressors on Cd, copper (Cu), Ni, Pb, and zinc (Zn) and revealed a complex pattern of gene specific, overlapping and antagonistic responses. Root growth was often inversely affected to hypocotyl elongation. For example, both HERK genes seem to negatively regulate hypocotyl elongation upon Cd, Ni, Zn, and Pb while they support root growth on Cd, Cu, and Ni. The different THE1 alleles exhibited a similar effect between roots and hypocotyls on Ni, where the loss-of-function mutant was more tolerant while the gain of function mutants were hypersensitive indicating that THE1 is mediating Ni specific inhibition of hypocotyl elongation in the dark. In contrast hypocotyl elongation of the knock-out mutant, fer-4, was hypersensitive to Ni but exhibited a higher tolerance to Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. These data indicate an antagonistic action between THE1 and FER in relation to hypocotyl elongation upon excess of Ni. FERs function as receptor for rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) was tested with the indicator bromocresol purple. While fer-4 roots strongly acidified control and metal ion containing media, the etiolated hypocotyls alkalized the media which is consistent with the already shorter hypocotyl of fer-4. No other CrRLK1L mutant exhibited this phenotype except of the THE1:GFP overexpressor on Ni suggesting that THE1 might be involved in Ni induced and hypocotyl specific RALF signaling and growth regulating pathway. Overall, our findings establish a molecular link between metal ion stress, growth and the cell wall integrity sensors of the CrRLK1L family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Richter
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Marie Ploderer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Gaëlle Mongelard
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaVienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Ramdass A, Sathish V, Babu E, Velayudham M, Thanasekaran P, Rajagopal S. Recent developments on optical and electrochemical sensing of copper(II) ion based on transition metal complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
103
|
Jośko I, Oleszczuk P, Skwarek E. Toxicity of combined mixtures of nanoparticles to plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 331:200-209. [PMID: 28273569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An increasing production and using of nanoproducts results in releasing and dispersing nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment. Being released into various environment components, NPs may interact with numerous pollutants, including other NPs. This research aimed at assessing toxicity of combined binary mixtures of NPs. The study focused on assessing mixtures of NPs believed to be toxic (nano-ZnO+nano-CuO) and nano-ZnO/nano-CuO with the ones that are insignificantly toxic or non-toxic NPs (nano-TiO2/nano-Cr2O3/nano-Fe2O3). Toxicity of combined mixtures proved comparable to toxicity of individual mixtures of NPs (the sum of effects triggered by individual types of NPs comprising respective mixtures). Toxicity evaluation was based on two parameters: seed germination and inhibition of root growth with respect to four plant species: Lepidium sativum, Linum utisassimmum, Cucumis sativus and Triticum aestivum. The findings showed combined mixtures of NPs to be significantly less toxic in comparison to individual mixtures, irrespective of their components. Within the scope of concentrations used, greatest differences between the toxicity of mixtures were reported at the 100mgL-1 concentration. Toxicity levels of combined and individual mixtures might have been determined by a lower total concentration of Zn and Cu metals and a greater aggregation of particles in combined mixtures than in individual mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Jośko
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Marie Skłodowska-Curie, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Marie Skłodowska-Curie, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Skwarek
- Department of Radiochemistry and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Marie Skłodowska-Curie, Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Lu L, Xie R, Liu T, Wang H, Hou D, Du Y, He Z, Yang X, Sun H, Tian S. Spatial imaging and speciation of Cu in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots using synchrotron-based X-ray microfluorescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 175:356-364. [PMID: 28235745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of elemental localization and speciation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of Cu accumulation so as to facilitate the development of strategies to inhibit Cu accumulation in rice grain grown in contaminated soils. Using synchrotron-based X-ray microfluorescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we investigated the distribution patterns and speciation of Cu in rice roots treated with 50 μM Cu for 7 days. A clear preferential localization of Cu in the meristematic zone was observed in root tips as compared with the elongation zone. Investigation of Cu in the root cross sections revealed that the intensity of Cu in the vascular bundles was more than 10-fold higher than that in the other scanned sites (epidermis and cortex) in rice roots. The dominant chemical form of Cu (79.1%) in rice roots was similar to that in the Cu-cell wall compounds. These results suggest that although Cu can be easily transported into the vascular tissues in rice roots, most of the metal absorbed by plants is retained in the roots owing to its high binding to the cell wall compounds, thus preventing metal translocation to the aerial parts of the plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruohan Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dandi Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yonghua Du
- Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Zhenli He
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Hui Sun
- Ningbo Agriculture Bureau, Ningbo 315012, China
| | - Shengke Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
A quantitative approach for Cd, Cu, Fe and Mn through laser ablation imaging for evaluating the translocation and accumulation of metals in sunflower seeds. Talanta 2017; 167:317-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
106
|
Zhou X, Fu L, Xia Y, Zheng L, Chen C, Shen Z, Chen Y. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance the copper tolerance of Tagetes patula through the sorption and barrier mechanisms of intraradical hyphae. Metallomics 2017; 9:936-948. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of transverse sections of root tips ofT. patulawith and without AMF inoculation and Cu content determined by energy spectrum analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xishi Zhou
- College of Life Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Life Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource
| | - Luqing Zheng
- College of Life Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Skiba E, Kobyłecka J, Wolf WM. Influence of 2,4-D and MCPA herbicides on uptake and translocation of heavy metals in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:882-890. [PMID: 27836479 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid on the uptake and translocation of Cd, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two farmland soils typical for the central Polish rural environment were used. Studies involved soil analyses, contents of bioavailable, exchangeable and total forms for all investigated metals. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of the elements. The best correlation between the herbicide rate and the metal concentration was visibly for the underground part of plants. Analysis of variance proved that herbicide treatment of wheat frequently influences the metal transfer from soil and their concentration in roots and shoots. In particular, higher herbicide rates prompted the significant increase of all metals concentration in roots. Additionally, transfer coefficients depended on the type of soil and the herbicide rate applied. Uptake of metals may be also influenced by the formation of sparingly water-soluble metal-herbicide complexes. Its intensity would then depend on the solubility of particular chemical entity with the low solvable Pb, Cu and Cd complexes being the least mobile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Skiba
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kobyłecka
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech M Wolf
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Ferrol N, Tamayo E, Vargas P. The heavy metal paradox in arbuscular mycorrhizas: from mechanisms to biotechnological applications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6253-6265. [PMID: 27799283 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses that involve most plants and Glomeromycota fungi are integral and functional parts of plant roots. In these associations, the fungi not only colonize the root cortex but also maintain an extensive network of hyphae that extend out of the root into the surrounding environment. These external hyphae contribute to plant uptake of low mobility nutrients, such as P, Zn, and Cu. Besides improving plant mineral nutrition, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can alleviate heavy metal (HM) toxicity to their host plants. HMs, such as Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn, play essential roles in many biological processes but are toxic when present in excess. This makes their transport and homeostatic control of particular importance to all living organisms. AMF play an important role in modulating plant HM acquisition in a wide range of soil metal concentrations and have been considered to be a key element in the improvement of micronutrient concentrations in crops and in the phytoremediation of polluted soils. In the present review, we provide an overview of the contribution of AMF to plant HM acquisition and performance under deficient and toxic HM conditions, and summarize current knowledge of metal homeostasis mechanisms in arbuscular mycorrhizas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Ferrol
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Tamayo
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Paola Vargas
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Li B, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Li G, Cui J, Wang Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Xu S, Wang R. The accumulation and health risk of heavy metals in vegetables around a zinc smelter in northeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:25114-25126. [PMID: 27679998 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mining and smelting activities engender soil contamination by metals severely. A field survey was conducted to investigate the present situation and health risk of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, As, and Hg) in soils and vegetables in the surrounding area of an 80-year-old zinc smelter in northeastern China. Soil pH, organic matter (SOM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined, and their relations with heavy metal contents in edible parts of vegetables were analyzed. Results showed that the smelting had led to the significant contamination of the local soils by Cd and Zn, with average concentrations of 3.88 and 403.89 mg kg-1, respectively. Concentrations of Cd and Zn in greenhouse soils were much lower than those in open farmland soils. Cd concentrations in vegetable edible parts exceeded the permissible limits severely, while other metal concentrations were much lower than the corresponding standards. Leaf and root vegetables had higher concentrations and bioaccumulation factors (BCFs) of Cd than fruit vegetables. Hazard quotient and hazard index showed that cadmium is imposing a health risk to local residents via vegetable consumption. Cd uptake of some vegetables can be predicted by empirical models with the following parameters: soil pH, SOM, CEC, Zn concentrations, and Cd concentrations. Vegetables such as cabbage, Chinese cabbage, tomato, cucumber, and green bean were screened out as being suitable to grow in the studied area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product on Environmental Factors, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Universtiy of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product on Environmental Factors, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Guochen Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product on Environmental Factors, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiehua Cui
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product on Environmental Factors, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product on Environmental Factors, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product on Environmental Factors, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Universtiy of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shicheng Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product on Environmental Factors, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ruzhen Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Hanć A, Małecka A, Kutrowska A, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Tomaszewska B, Barałkiewicz D. Direct analysis of elemental biodistribution in pea seedlings by LA-ICP-MS, EDX and confocal microscopy: Imaging and quantification. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
111
|
Jia W, Lv S, Feng J, Li J, Li Y, Li S. Morphophysiological characteristic analysis demonstrated the potential of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in the phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18823-31. [PMID: 27318481 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a worldwide environmental problem, and remediation of Cd pollution is of great significance for food production as well as human health. Here, the responses of sweet sorghum cv. 'M-81E' to cadmium stress were studied for its potential as an energy plant in restoring soils contaminated by cadmium. In hydroponic experiments, the biomass of 'M-81E' showed no obvious change under 10 μM cadmium treatment. Cadmium concentration was the highest in roots of seedlings as well as mature plants, but in agricultural practice, the valuable and harvested parts of sweet sorghum are shoots, so promoting the translocation of cadmium to shoots is of great importance in order to improve its phytoremediation capacity. Further histochemical assays with dithizone staining revealed that cadmium was mainly concentrated in the stele of roots and scattered in intercellular space of caulicles. Moreover, the correlation analysis showed that Cd had a negative relationship with iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) in caulicles and leaves and a positive relationship with Fe in roots. These results implied that cadmium might compete with Fe, Zn, and Mn for the transport binding sites and further prevent their translocation to shoots. In addition, transmission electron microscopic observations showed that under 100 μM cadmium treatment, the structure of chloroplast was impaired and the cell wall of vascular bundle cells in leaves and xylem and phloem cells in roots turned thicker compared to control. In summary, morphophysiological characteristic analysis demonstrated sweet sorghum can absorb cadmium and the growth is not negatively affected by mild level cadmium stress; thus, it is a promising material for the phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soils considering its economic benefit. This study also points out potential strategies to improve the phytoremediation capacity of sweet sorghum through genetic modification of transporters and cell wall components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Sulian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jihong Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Biofuels, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Shizhong Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Biofuels, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Roccotiello E, Serrano HC, Mariotti MG, Branquinho C. The impact of Ni on the physiology of a Mediterranean Ni-hyperaccumulating plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12414-22. [PMID: 26983814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
High nickel (Ni) levels exert toxic effects on plant growth and plant water content, thus affecting photosynthesis. In a pot experiment, we investigated the effect of the Ni concentration on the physiological characteristics of the Ni hyperaccumulator Alyssoides utriculata when grown on a vermiculite substrate in the presence of different external Ni concentrations (0-500 mg Ni L(-1)). The results showed that the Ni concentration was higher in leaves than in roots, as evidenced by a translocation factor = 3 and a bioconcentration factor = 10. At the highest concentration tested (500 mg Ni L(-1)), A. utriculata accumulated 1100 mg Ni per kilogram in its leaves, without an effects on its biomass. Plant water content increased significantly with Ni accumulation. Ni treatment did not, or only slightly, affected chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The photosynthetic efficiency (FV/FM) of A. utriculata was stable between Ni treatments (always ≥ 0.8) and the photosynthetic performance of the plant under Ni stress remained high (performance index = 1.5). These findings support that A. utriculata has several mechanisms to avoid severe damage to its photosynthetic apparatus, confirming the tolerance of this species to Ni under hyperaccumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Roccotiello
- DISTAV Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Laboratorio di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 5, I 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Helena Cristina Serrano
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais (cE3c) Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2 Piso 5, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mauro Giorgio Mariotti
- DISTAV Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Laboratorio di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 5, I 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais (cE3c) Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2 Piso 5, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Stability of the Inherent Target Metallome in Seed Crops and a Mushroom Grown on Soils of Extreme Mineral Spans. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy6010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
114
|
Singh S, Parihar P, Singh R, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Role of Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Ionomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1143. [PMID: 26904030 PMCID: PMC4744854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by the increasing population growth and inherent food demand. It has been reported in several studies that counterbalancing toxicity due to heavy metal requires complex mechanisms at molecular, biochemical, physiological, cellular, tissue, and whole plant level, which might manifest in terms of improved crop productivity. Recent advances in various disciplines of biological sciences such as metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc., have assisted in the characterization of metabolites, transcription factors, and stress-inducible proteins involved in heavy metal tolerance, which in turn can be utilized for generating heavy metal-tolerant crops. This review summarizes various tolerance strategies of plants under heavy metal toxicity covering the role of metabolites (metabolomics), trace elements (ionomics), transcription factors (transcriptomics), various stress-inducible proteins (proteomics) as well as the role of plant hormones. We also provide a glance of some strategies adopted by metal-accumulating plants, also known as "metallophytes."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Rachana Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Department of Botany, Government Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Sarguja UniversityBaikunthpur, India
| | - Sheo M. Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Keunen E, Schellingen K, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A. Ethylene and Metal Stress: Small Molecule, Big Impact. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:23. [PMID: 26870052 PMCID: PMC4735362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene is known to mediate a diverse array of signaling processes during abiotic stress in plants. Whereas many reports have demonstrated enhanced ethylene production in metal-exposed plants, the underlying molecular mechanisms are only recently investigated. Increasing evidence supports a role for ethylene in the regulation of plant metal stress responses. Moreover, crosstalk appears to exist between ethylene and the cellular redox balance, nutrients and other phytohormones. This review highlights our current understanding of the key role ethylene plays during responses to metal exposure. Moreover, particular attention is paid to the integration of ethylene within the broad network of plant responses to metal stress.
Collapse
|
116
|
Zhang L, Mo Z, Qin J, Li Q, Wei Y, Ma S, Xiong Y, Liang G, Qing L, Chen Z, Yang X, Zhang Z, Zou Y. Change of water sources reduces health risks from heavy metals via ingestion of water, soil, and rice in a riverine area, South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 530-531:163-170. [PMID: 26026418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of water source change on heavy metal concentrations in water, paddy soil, and rice, as well as the health risks to residents of three riverine communities in South China. The results show that after substituting the sources of drinking water, heavy metal levels (except for Pb at Tangjun) in drinking water were below WHO guideline values and the potential risk from drinking water may be negligible. The As (46.2-66.8%), Pb (65.7-82.6%), Cd (50.8-55.0%), and Hg (28.3-32.6%) concentrations in paddy soils in Sanhe and Lasha significantly (p<0.05) decreased with a change of irrigation water sources compared to Tangjun, without change of irrigation water source. Similarly, the Cd (39.1-81.3%) and Hg (60.0-75.0%) concentrations in rice grown at Sanhe and Lasha significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared to those at Tangjun. Consequently, replacing irrigation water source significantly (p<0.05) reduced the hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk for the corresponding single metal via soil ingestion and rice consumption. Despite that total non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks at Sanhe and Lasha were significantly decreased, they still exceeded the maximum acceptable limits recommended by US EPA, indicating that residents of these two communities remain at high risks of both non-cancer and cancer effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li'e Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhaoyu Mo
- Atmospheric Environment Research Center, Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Atmospheric Environment Research Center, Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shuyan Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yuxia Xiong
- Atmospheric Environment Research Center, Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Guiqiang Liang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Li Qing
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistic, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Atmospheric Environment Research Center, Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
De Smet S, Cuypers A, Vangronsveld J, Remans T. Gene Networks Involved in Hormonal Control of Root Development in Arabidopsis thaliana: A Framework for Studying Its Disturbance by Metal Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19195-224. [PMID: 26287175 PMCID: PMC4581294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant survival under abiotic stress conditions requires morphological and physiological adaptations. Adverse soil conditions directly affect root development, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely to be discovered. Plant hormones regulate normal root growth and mediate root morphological responses to abiotic stress. Hormone synthesis, signal transduction, perception and cross-talk create a complex network in which metal stress can interfere, resulting in root growth alterations. We focus on Arabidopsis thaliana, for which gene networks in root development have been intensively studied, and supply essential terminology of anatomy and growth of roots. Knowledge of gene networks, mechanisms and interactions related to the role of plant hormones is reviewed. Most knowledge has been generated for auxin, the best-studied hormone with a pronounced primary role in root development. Furthermore, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, strigolactones, brassinosteroids and salicylic acid are discussed. Interactions between hormones that are of potential importance for root growth are described. This creates a framework that can be used for investigating the impact of abiotic stress factors on molecular mechanisms related to plant hormones, with the limited knowledge of the effects of the metals cadmium, copper and zinc on plant hormones and root development included as case example.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie De Smet
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Tony Remans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Xu L, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang J, Zhu X, Zhang K, Yu R, Wang R, Xie Y, Zhang W, Gong Y, Liu L. De novo sequencing of root transcriptome reveals complex cadmium-responsive regulatory networks in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 236:313-23. [PMID: 26025544 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential metallic trace element that poses potential chronic toxicity to living organisms. To date, little is known about the Cd-responsive regulatory network in root vegetable crops including radish. In this study, 31,015 unigenes representing 66,552 assembled unique transcripts were isolated from radish root under Cd stress based on de novo transcriptome assembly. In all, 1496 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) consisted of 3579 transcripts were identified from Cd-free (CK) and Cd-treated (Cd200) libraries. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the up- and down-regulated DEGs were predominately involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis as well as cysteine and methionine-related pathways, respectively. RT-qPCR showed that the expression profiles of DEGs were in consistent with results from RNA-Seq analysis. Several candidate genes encoding phytochelatin synthase (PCS), metallothioneins (MTs), glutathione (GSH), zinc iron permease (ZIPs) and ABC transporter were responsible for Cd uptake, accumulation, translocation and detoxification in radish. The schematic model of DEGs and microRNAs-involved in Cd-responsive regulatory network was proposed. This study represents a first comprehensive transcriptome-based characterization of Cd-responsive DEGs in radish. These results could provide fundamental insight into complex Cd-responsive regulatory networks and facilitate further genetic manipulation of Cd accumulation in root vegetable crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xianwen Zhu
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Keyun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Rugang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yiqin Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Hao X, Li T, Yu H, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Chen G, Zhang S, Zhao L, Pu Y. Cd accumulation and subcellular distribution in two ecotypes of Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb as affected by Cd treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:7461-7469. [PMID: 25874426 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Cadmium (Cd) accumulation capacity and subcellular distribution in the mining ecotype (ME) and non-mining ecotype (NME) of Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb were investigated in pot experiments. The results showed that average Cd contents in shoots of the two ecotypes of K. brevifolia were higher than those in roots, whereas Cd concentrations in roots were greater than those in shoots. Also, shoot Cd contents in NME of K. brevifolia were 1.65-45.45 times greater than those in ME when the plants were grown at 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg Cd kg(-1) soil. Moreover, Cd contents in the roots in NME were 1.75-45.45 times higher than those in ME. Subcellular distribution of Cd demonstrated that the majority of Cd in the two ecotypes of K. brevifolia was distributed in the cell walls and soluble fraction, and a small percentage of Cd existed in organelle fraction. In addition, proportions of Cd distributed in shoots and roots cell walls of NME were greater than those in ME. It could be assumed that compared with ME, NME of K. brevifolia has better Cd accumulation capacity, and the subcellular distribution of Cd might be one of the mechanisms to explain such phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Zhou XX, Yang LT, Qi YP, Guo P, Chen LS. Mechanisms on boron-induced alleviation of aluminum-toxicity in Citrus grandis seedlings at a transcriptional level revealed by cDNA-AFLP analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115485. [PMID: 25747450 PMCID: PMC4352013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and biochemical mechanisms on boron (B)-induced alleviation of aluminum (B)-toxicity in plants have been examined in some details, but our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes is very limited. In this study, we first used the cDNA-AFLP to investigate the gene expression patterns in Citrus grandis roots responsive to B and Al interactions, and isolated 100 differentially expressed genes. Results showed that genes related to detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aldehydes (i.e., glutathione S-transferase zeta class-like isoform X1, thioredoxin M-type 4, and 2-alkenal reductase (NADP+-dependent)-like), metabolism (i.e., carboxylesterases and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase-like 4-like, nicotianamine aminotransferase A-like isoform X3, thiosulfate sulfurtransferase 18-like isoform X1, and FNR, root isozyme 2), cell transport (i.e., non-specific lipid-transfer protein-like protein At2g13820-like and major facilitator superfamily protein), Ca signal and hormone (i.e., calcium-binding protein CML19-like and IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 4-like), gene regulation (i.e., Gag-pol polyprotein) and cell wall modification (i.e., glycosyl hydrolase family 10 protein) might play a role in B-induced alleviation of Al-toxicity. Our results are useful not only for our understanding of molecular processes associated with B-induced alleviation of Al-toxicity, but also for obtaining key molecular genes to enhance Al-tolerance of plants in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Zhou
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi-Ping Qi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Gzyl J, Chmielowska-Bąk J, Przymusiński R, Gwóźdź EA. Cadmium affects microtubule organization and post-translational modifications of tubulin in seedlings of soybean (Glycine max L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:937. [PMID: 26594217 PMCID: PMC4635210 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal, toxic to all living organisms. The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton appears to be one of the main targets of Cd action. In this study we present, with the use of various immunological approaches, the effect of Cd at moderate (85 μM) and high (170 μM) concentrations on the structure and functioning of the MT cytoskeleton in the root cells of soybean seedlings. As the result of heavy metal action, root growth was significantly diminished and was accompanied by a reduction in mitotic activity and disturbance in the structure of the MT arrays, including randomization of the cortical MT arrangement, distorted mitotic arrays and complete depolymerization of the MTs. Biochemical analysis revealed decreased levels of various α- and β-tubulin isoforms with a parallel down-regulation of most examined α-tubulin genes. Simultaneously, Cd treatment led to differentiated changes in the level of tubulin post-translational modifications, including tyrosination, detyrosination, acetylation, and polyglutamylation. Decreased tyrosination and polyglutamylation of particular tubulin isoforms accompanied by increase in the level of specific detyrosinated and acetylated isoforms implies augmented stability and reduced turnover of the MTs during stress conditions. Taken together, the obtained results indicate the significant impact of Cd on gene expression levels and subsequent post-translational processing of tubulin, which may be related to the impairment of MT cytoskeleton functioning in root cells.
Collapse
|
122
|
Ovečka M, Takáč T. Managing heavy metal toxicity stress in plants: biological and biotechnological tools. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:73-86. [PMID: 24333465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of ion homeostasis in plant cells is a fundamental physiological requirement for sustainable plant growth, development and production. Plants exposed to high concentrations of heavy metals must respond in order to avoid the deleterious effects of heavy metal toxicity at the structural, physiological and molecular levels. Plant strategies for coping with heavy metal toxicity are genotype-specific and, at least to some extent, modulated by environmental conditions. There is considerable interest in the mechanisms underpinning plant metal tolerance, a complex process that enables plants to survive metal ion stress and adapt to maintain growth and development without exhibiting symptoms of toxicity. This review briefly summarizes some recent cell biological, molecular and proteomic findings concerning the responses of plant roots to heavy metal ions in the rhizosphere, metal ion-induced reactions at the cell wall-plasma membrane interface, and various aspects of heavy metal ion uptake and transport in plants via membrane transporters. The molecular and genetic approaches that are discussed are analyzed in the context of their potential practical applications in biotechnological approaches for engineering increased heavy metal tolerance in crops and other useful plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ovečka
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - T Takáč
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|