101
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Hansen HT, Janfelt C. Aspects of Quantitation in Mass Spectrometry Imaging Investigated on Cryo-Sections of Spiked Tissue Homogenates. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11513-11520. [PMID: 27934123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Internal standards have been introduced in quantitative mass spectrometry imaging in order to compensate for differences in intensities throughout an image caused by, for example, difference in ion suppression or analyte extraction efficiency. To test how well the internal standards compensate for differences in tissue types in, for example, whole-body imaging, a set of tissue homogenates of different tissue types (lung, liver, kidney, heart, and brain) from rabbit was spiked to the same concentration with the drug amitriptyline and imaged in the same experiment using isotope labeled amitriptyline as internal standard. The results showed, even after correction with internal standard, significantly lower intensities from brain and to some extent also lung tissue, differences which may be ascribed to binding of the drug to proteins or lipids as known from traditional bioanalysis. The differences, which for these results range approximately within a factor of 3 (but for other compounds in other tissues could be higher), underscore the importance of preparing the standard curve in the same matrix as the unknown sample whenever possible. In, for example, whole-body imaging where a diversity of tissue types are present, this variation across tissue types will therefore add to the overall uncertainty in quantitation. The tissue homogenates were also used in a characterization of various phenomena in quantitative MSI, such as to study how the signal depends of the thickness of the cryo-section, and to assess the accuracy of calibration by droplet deposition. For experiments on liver tissue, calibration by spiked tissue homogenates and droplet deposition was found to provide highly similar results and in both cases linearity with R2 values of 0.99. In the process, a new method was developed for preparation of standard curves of spiked tissue homogenates, based on the drilling of holes in a block of frozen liver homogenate, providing easy cryo-slicing and good quantitative performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Toft Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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102
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Kompauer M, Heiles S, Spengler B. Atmospheric pressure MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of tissues and cells at 1.4-μm lateral resolution. Nat Methods 2016; 14:90-96. [PMID: 27842060 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report an atmospheric pressure (AP) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) setup with a lateral resolution of 1.4 μm, a mass resolution greater than 100,000, and accuracy below ±2 p.p.m. We achieved this by coupling a focusing objective with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.9 at 337 nm and a free working distance of 18 mm in coaxial geometry to an orbitrap mass spectrometer and optimizing the matrix application. We demonstrate improvement in image contrast, lateral resolution, and ion yield per unit area compared with a state-of-the-art commercial MSI source. We show that our setup can be used to detect metabolites, lipids, and small peptides, as well as to perform tandem MS experiments with 1.5-μm2 sampling areas. To showcase these capabilities, we identified subcellular lipid, metabolite, and peptide distributions that differentiate, for example, cilia and oral groove in Paramecium caudatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kompauer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Heiles
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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103
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Li B, Comi TJ, Si T, Dunham SJB, Sweedler JV. A one-step matrix application method for MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of bacterial colony biofilms. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:1030-1035. [PMID: 27476992 PMCID: PMC5297451 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging of biofilms cultured on agar plates is challenging because of problems related to matrix deposition onto agar. We describe a one-step, spray-based application of a 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid solution for direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging of hydrated Bacillus subtilis biofilms on agar. Using both an optimized airbrush and a home-built automatic sprayer, region-specific distributions of signaling metabolites and cannibalistic factors were visualized from B. subtilis cells cultivated on biofilm-promoting medium. The approach provides a homogeneous, relatively dry coating on hydrated samples, improving spot to spot signal repeatability compared with sieved matrix application, and is easily adapted for imaging a range of agar-based biofilms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Troy J Comi
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tong Si
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sage J B Dunham
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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104
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Li B, Bhandari DR, Römpp A, Spengler B. High-resolution MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of gallotannins and monoterpene glucosides in the root of Paeonia lactiflora. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36074. [PMID: 27796322 PMCID: PMC5086847 DOI: 10.1038/srep36074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AP-SMALDI MSI) at 10 μm pixel size was performed to unravel the spatio-chemical distribution of major secondary metabolites in the root of Paeonia lactiflora. The spatial distributions of two major classes of bioactive components, gallotannins and monoterpene glucosides, were investigated and visualized at the cellular level in tissue sections of P. lactiflora roots. Accordingly, other primary and secondary metabolites were imaged, including amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and monoterpenes, indicating the capability of untargeted localization of metabolites by using high-resolution MSI platform. The employed AP-SMALDI MSI system provides significant technological advancement in the visualization of individual molecular species at the cellular level. In contrast to previous histochemical studies of tannins using unspecific staining reagents, individual gallotannin species were accurately localized and unequivocally discriminated from other phenolic components in the root tissues. High-quality ion images were obtained, providing significant clues for understanding the biosynthetic pathway of gallotannins and monoterpene glucosides and possibly helping to decipher the role of tannins in xylem cells differentiation and in the defence mechanisms of plants, as well as to investigate the interrelationship between tannins and lignins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dhaka Ram Bhandari
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Römpp
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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105
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Gemperline E, Keller C, Jayaraman D, Maeda J, Sussman MR, Ané JM, Li L. Examination of Endogenous Peptides in Medicago truncatula Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4403-4411. [PMID: 27726374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plant science is an important, rapidly developing area of study. Within plant science, one area of study that has grown tremendously with recent technological advances, such as mass spectrometry, is the field of plant-omics; however, plant peptidomics is relatively underdeveloped in comparison with proteomics and metabolomics. Endogenous plant peptides can act as signaling molecules and have been shown to affect cell division, development, nodulation, reproduction, symbiotic associations, and defense reactions. There is a growing need to uncover the role of endogenous peptides on a molecular level. Mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) is a valuable tool for biological analyses as it allows for the detection of thousands of analytes in a single experiment and also displays spatial information for the detected analytes. Despite the prediction of a large number of plant peptides, their detection and imaging with spatial localization and chemical specificity is currently lacking. Here we analyzed the endogenous peptides and proteins in Medicago truncatula using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MSI. Hundreds of endogenous peptides and protein fragments were imaged, with interesting peptide spatial distribution changes observed between plants in different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gemperline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Caitlin Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Dhileepkumar Jayaraman
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Junko Maeda
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael R Sussman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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106
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Jorge TF, Rodrigues JA, Caldana C, Schmidt R, van Dongen JT, Thomas-Oates J, António C. Mass spectrometry-based plant metabolomics: Metabolite responses to abiotic stress. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:620-49. [PMID: 25589422 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is one omics approach that can be used to acquire comprehensive information on the composition of a metabolite pool to provide a functional screen of the cellular state. Studies of the plant metabolome include analysis of a wide range of chemical species with diverse physical properties, from ionic inorganic compounds to biochemically derived hydrophilic carbohydrates, organic and amino acids, and a range of hydrophobic lipid-related compounds. This complexitiy brings huge challenges to the analytical technologies employed in current plant metabolomics programs, and powerful analytical tools are required for the separation and characterization of this extremely high compound diversity present in biological sample matrices. The use of mass spectrometry (MS)-based analytical platforms to profile stress-responsive metabolites that allow some plants to adapt to adverse environmental conditions is fundamental in current plant biotechnology research programs for the understanding and development of stress-tolerant plants. In this review, we describe recent applications of metabolomics and emphasize its increasing application to study plant responses to environmental (stress-) factors, including drought, salt, low oxygen caused by waterlogging or flooding of the soil, temperature, light and oxidative stress (or a combination of them). Advances in understanding the global changes occurring in plant metabolism under specific abiotic stress conditions are fundamental to enhance plant fitness and increase stress tolerance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:620-649, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Jorge
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), Avenida República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João A Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max-Planck-partner group at the Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory/CNPEM, 13083-970, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Romy Schmidt
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joost T van Dongen
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jane Thomas-Oates
- Jane Thomas-Oates, Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), Avenida República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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107
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Hanć A, Małecka A, Kutrowska A, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Tomaszewska B, Barałkiewicz D. Direct analysis of elemental biodistribution in pea seedlings by LA-ICP-MS, EDX and confocal microscopy: Imaging and quantification. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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108
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Dong Y, Li B, Aharoni A. More than Pictures: When MS Imaging Meets Histology. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:686-698. [PMID: 27155743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Attaining high-resolution spatial information is a recurrent challenge in biological research, particularly in the case of small-molecule distribution. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an innovative molecular histology technique that could provide such information. It allows in situ and label-free measurement of both the abundance and distribution of a variety of molecules at the tissue or single cell level. The application of MSI in plant research has received considerable attention; thus, in this review, we describe the current state of MSI in plants. In particular, we present an overview of MSI approaches, highlight the recent technical and methodological developments, and discuss a range of applications contributing to the field of plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Dong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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109
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Wong MYM, So PK, Yao ZP. Direct analysis of traditional Chinese medicines by mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1026:2-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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110
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Mohana Kumara P, Srimany A, Arunan S, Ravikanth G, Uma Shaanker R, Pradeep T. Desorption Electrospray Ionization (DESI) Mass Spectrometric Imaging of the Distribution of Rohitukine in the Seedling of Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook. F. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158099. [PMID: 27362422 PMCID: PMC4928942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient ionization mass spectrometric imaging of all parts of the seedling of Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook. f (Meliaceae) was performed to reconstruct the molecular distribution of rohitukine (Rh) and related compounds. The species accumulates Rh, a prominent chromone alkaloid, in its seeds, fruits, and stem bark. Rh possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immuno-modulatory properties. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI MSI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis detected Rh as well as its glycosylated, acetylated, oxidized, and methoxylated analogues. Rh was predominantly distributed in the main roots, collar region of the stem, and young leaves. In the stem and roots, Rh was primarily restricted to the cortex region. The identities of the metabolites were assigned based on both the fragmentation patterns and exact mass analyses. We discuss these results, with specific reference to the possible pathways of Rh biosynthesis and translocation during seedling development in D. binectariferum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patel Mohana Kumara
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Amitava Srimany
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Suganya Arunan
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Gudasalamani Ravikanth
- School of Ecology and Conservation, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Sriramapura, Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Ramanan Uma Shaanker
- School of Ecology and Conservation, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Sriramapura, Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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111
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Kucharíková A, Kimáková K, Janfelt C, Čellárová E. Interspecific variation in localization of hypericins and phloroglucinols in the genus Hypericum as revealed by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 157:2-12. [PMID: 26822391 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants of the genus Hypericum are widely known for their therapeutic properties. The most biologically active compounds of this genus are naphtodianthrones and phloroglucinols. Indirect desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) imaging allows visualization and localization of secondary metabolites in different plant tissues. This study is focused on localization of major secondary compounds in the leaves of 17 different in vitro cultured Hypericum species classified in 11 sections. Generally, all identified naphtodianthrones, protohypericin, hypericin, protopseudohypericin and pseudohypericin were co-localized in the dark glands of eight hypericin producing species at the site of their accumulation. The known phloroglucinols, hyperforin, adhyperforin, hyperfirin and some new phloroglucinols with m/z [M - H](-) 495 and 569 were localized in the translucent and pale cavities within the leaf in the majority of studied species. The comparison of different Hypericum species revealed an interspecific variation in the distribution of the dark and translucent glands corresponding with the localization of hypericins and phloroglucinols. Moreover, similarities in the localization and composition of the phloroglucinols were observed in the species belonging to the same section. Adding to various quantitative studies focused on the detection of secondary metabolites, this work using indirect DESI-MSI offers additional valuable information about localization of the above-mentioned compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kucharíková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Kimáková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Čellárová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
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112
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Biological Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI MS) – unequivocal role of crucial ionization factors, solvent system and substrates. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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113
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Mevalonate-derived quinonemethide triterpenoid from in vitro roots of Peritassa laevigata and their localization in root tissue by MALDI imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22627. [PMID: 26943243 PMCID: PMC4778575 DOI: 10.1038/srep22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthetic investigation of quinonemethide triterpenoid 22β-hydroxy-maytenin (2) from in vitro root cultures of Peritassa laevigata (Celastraceae) was conducted using (13)C-precursor. The mevalonate pathway in P. laevigata is responsible for the synthesis of the quinonemethide triterpenoid scaffold. Moreover, anatomical analysis of P. laevigata roots cultured in vitro and in situ showed the presence of 22β-hydroxy-maytenin (2) and maytenin (1) in the tissues from transverse or longitudinal sections with an intense orange color. MALDI-MS imaging confirmed the distribution of (2) and (1) in the more distal portions of the root cap, the outer cell layers, and near the vascular cylinder of P. laevigata in vitro roots suggesting a role in plant defense against infection by microorganisms as well as in the root exudation processes.
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114
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Abstract
Plant-omics is rapidly becoming an important field of study in the scientific community due to the urgent need to address many of the most important questions facing humanity today with regard to agriculture, medicine, biofuels, environmental decontamination, ecological sustainability, etc. High-performance mass spectrometry is a dominant tool for interrogating the metabolomes, peptidomes, and proteomes of a diversity of plant species under various conditions, revealing key insights into the functions and mechanisms of plant biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gemperline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Caitlin Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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115
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Gorzolka K, Kölling J, Nattkemper TW, Niehaus K. Spatio-Temporal Metabolite Profiling of the Barley Germination Process by MALDI MS Imaging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150208. [PMID: 26938880 PMCID: PMC4777520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MALDI mass spectrometry imaging was performed to localize metabolites during the first seven days of the barley germination. Up to 100 mass signals were detected of which 85 signals were identified as 48 different metabolites with highly tissue-specific localizations. Oligosaccharides were observed in the endosperm and in parts of the developed embryo. Lipids in the endosperm co-localized in dependency on their fatty acid compositions with changes in the distributions of diacyl phosphatidylcholines during germination. 26 potentially antifungal hordatines were detected in the embryo with tissue-specific localizations of their glycosylated, hydroxylated, and O-methylated derivates. In order to reveal spatio-temporal patterns in local metabolite compositions, multiple MSI data sets from a time series were analyzed in one batch. This requires a new preprocessing strategy to achieve comparability between data sets as well as a new strategy for unsupervised clustering. The resulting spatial segmentation for each time point sample is visualized in an interactive cluster map and enables simultaneous interactive exploration of all time points. Using this new analysis approach and visualization tool germination-dependent developments of metabolite patterns with single MS position accuracy were discovered. This is the first study that presents metabolite profiling of a cereals' germination process over time by MALDI MSI with the identification of a large number of peaks of agronomically and industrially important compounds such as oligosaccharides, lipids and antifungal agents. Their detailed localization as well as the MS cluster analyses for on-tissue metabolite profile mapping revealed important information for the understanding of the germination process, which is of high scientific interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Gorzolka
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jan Kölling
- Biodata Mining, Faculty of Technology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld, Germany.,International Research Training Group "Computational Methods for the Analysis of the Diversity and Dynamics of Genomes", Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tim W Nattkemper
- Biodata Mining, Faculty of Technology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld, Germany
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116
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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117
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Abstract
Chemical imaging based on mass spectrometry is an emerging technology which has opened opportunities for fundamental research in food science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N. N. Misra
- GTECH
- Research & Development
- General Mills India Pvt. Ltd
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Kindai University
- Nara City
- Japan
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118
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Dong Y, Li B, Malitsky S, Rogachev I, Aharoni A, Kaftan F, Svatoš A, Franceschi P. Sample Preparation for Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Plant Tissues: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:60. [PMID: 26904042 PMCID: PMC4748743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a mass spectrometry based molecular ion imaging technique. It provides the means for ascertaining the spatial distribution of a large variety of analytes directly on tissue sample surfaces without any labeling or staining agents. These advantages make it an attractive molecular histology tool in medical, pharmaceutical, and biological research. Likewise, MSI has started gaining popularity in plant sciences; yet, information regarding sample preparation methods for plant tissues is still limited. Sample preparation is a crucial step that is directly associated with the quality and authenticity of the imaging results, it therefore demands in-depth studies based on the characteristics of plant samples. In this review, a sample preparation pipeline is discussed in detail and illustrated through selected practical examples. In particular, special concerns regarding sample preparation for plant imaging are critically evaluated. Finally, the applications of MSI techniques in plants are reviewed according to different classes of plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Dong
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Filip Kaftan
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pietro Franceschi
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Li B, Dunham SJ, Dong Y, Yoon S, Zeng M, Sweedler JV. Analytical capabilities of mass spectrometry imaging and its potential applications in food science. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chang J, Kim Y, Kwon HJ. Advances in identification and validation of protein targets of natural products without chemical modification. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:719-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00107b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on and reports case studies of the latest advances in target protein identification methods for label-free natural products. The integration of newly developed technologies will provide new insights and highlight the value of natural products for use as biological probes and new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Chang
- Department of Biotechnology
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
| | - Y. Kim
- Department of Biotechnology
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
| | - H. J. Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
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Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) for direct visualization of plant metabolites in situ. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 37:53-60. [PMID: 26613199 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Direct visualization of plant tissues by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has revealed key insights into the localization of metabolites in situ. Recent efforts have determined the spatial distribution of primary and secondary metabolites in plant tissues and cells. Strategies have been applied in many areas of metabolism including isotope flux analyses, plant interactions, and transcriptional regulation of metabolite accumulation. Technological advances have pushed achievable spatial resolution to subcellular levels and increased instrument sensitivity by several orders of magnitude. It is anticipated that MALDI-MSI and other MSI approaches will bring a new level of understanding to metabolomics as scientists will be encouraged to consider spatial heterogeneity of metabolites in descriptions of metabolic pathway regulation.
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Hoffmann T, Dorrestein PC. Homogeneous matrix deposition on dried agar for MALDI imaging mass spectrometry of microbial cultures. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1959-62. [PMID: 26297185 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrix deposition on agar-based microbial colonies for MALDI imaging mass spectrometry is often complicated by the complex media on which microbes are grown. This Application Note demonstrates how consecutive short spray pulses of a matrix solution can form an evenly closed matrix layer on dried agar. Compared with sieving dry matrix onto wet agar, this method supports analyte cocrystallization, which results in significantly more signals, higher signal-to-noise ratios, and improved ionization efficiency. The even matrix layer improves spot-to-spot precision of measured m/z values when using TOF mass spectrometers. With this technique, we established reproducible imaging mass spectrometry of myxobacterial cultures on nutrient-rich cultivation media, which was not possible with the sieving technique. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hoffmann
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
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Boughton BA, Thinagaran D, Sarabia D, Bacic A, Roessner U. Mass spectrometry imaging for plant biology: a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2015; 15:445-488. [PMID: 27340381 PMCID: PMC4870303 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-015-9440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a developing technique to measure the spatio-temporal distribution of many biomolecules in tissues. Over the preceding decade, MSI has been adopted by plant biologists and applied in a broad range of areas, including primary metabolism, natural products, plant defense, plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress, plant lipids and the developing field of spatial metabolomics. This review covers recent advances in plant-based MSI, general aspects of instrumentation, analytical approaches, sample preparation and the current trends in respective plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berin A. Boughton
- />Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Dinaiz Thinagaran
- />School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Daniel Sarabia
- />School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- />School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- />ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- />Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- />School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
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Fujii T, Matsuda S, Tejedor ML, Esaki T, Sakane I, Mizuno H, Tsuyama N, Masujima T. Direct metabolomics for plant cells by live single-cell mass spectrometry. Nat Protoc 2015; 10:1445-56. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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125
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Mohana Kumara P, Srimany A, Ravikanth G, Uma Shaanker R, Pradeep T. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging of rohitukine, a chromone anti-cancer alkaloid, during seed development in Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook.f (Meliaceae). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 116:104-110. [PMID: 25799183 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rohitukine, a chromone alkaloid, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immuno-modulatory properties. It has been reported from four species, belonging to the families, Meliaceae and Rubiaceae. Stem bark of Dysoxylum binectariferum (Meliaceae) accumulates the highest amount of rohitukine (3-7% by dry weight). In this study, we examine the spatial and temporal distribution of rohitukine and related compounds during various stages of seed development in D. binectariferum using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI MSI). Rohitukine (m/z 306.2) accumulation increased from early seed development to seed maturity stage. The spatial distribution of rohitukine was largely restricted to the cotyledonary tissue followed by the embryo and least in the seed coat. Besides rohitukine, rohitukine acetate (m/z 348.2) and glycosylated rohitukine (m/z 468.2) were also detected, both through mass fragmentation and exact mass analysis through Orbitrap mass spectrometry. These results indicate a dynamic pattern of chromane alkaloid accumulation through seed development in D. binectariferum.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mohana Kumara
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Amitava Srimany
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - G Ravikanth
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Sriramapura, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - R Uma Shaanker
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Sriramapura, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India; Department of Crop Physiology and School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - T Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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126
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Takahashi K, Kozuka T, Anegawa A, Nagatani A, Mimura T. Development and Application of a High-Resolution Imaging Mass Spectrometer for the Study of Plant Tissues. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1329-38. [PMID: 26063395 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) or imaging mass spectrometry (imaging MS) has been a powerful tool to map the spatial distribution of molecules on the surface of biological materials. This technique has frequently been applied to animal tissue slices for the purpose of mapping proteins, peptides, lipids, sugars or small metabolites to find disease-specific biomarkers or to study drug metabolism. Recently, it has also been applied to intact plant tissues or thin slices thereof using commercial mass spectrometers. The present work is concerned with the refinement of MALDI/laser desorption/ionization (LDI)-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)-MS incorporating certain specific features namely, ultra-high mass resolution (>100,000), ultra-high molecular mass accuracy (<1 p.p.m.) and high spatial resolution (<10 µm) for imaging MS of plant tissues. Employing an in-house built mass spectrometer, the imaging MS analysis of intact Arabidopsis thaliana tissues, namely etiolated seedlings and roots of seedlings, glued to a small transparent ITO (indium tin oxide)-coated conductive glass was performed. A matrix substance was applied to the vacuum-dried intact tissues by sublimation prior to the imaging MS analysis. The images of various small metabolites representing their two-dimensional distribution on the dried intact tissues were obtained with or without different matrix substances. The effects of MALDI matrices on the ionization of small metabolites during imaging MS acquisition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Takahashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8568 Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kozuka
- Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8526 Japan These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Aya Anegawa
- Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan These authors contributed equally to this work
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Klein AT, Yagnik GB, Hohenstein JD, Ji Z, Zi J, Reichert MD, MacIntosh GC, Yang B, Peters RJ, Vela J, Lee YJ. Investigation of the Chemical Interface in the Soybean-Aphid and Rice-Bacteria Interactions Using MALDI-Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5294-301. [PMID: 25914940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an emerging technology for high-resolution plant biology. It has been utilized to study plant-pest interactions, but limited to the surface interfaces. Here we expand the technology to explore the chemical interactions occurring inside the plant tissues. Two sample preparation methods, imprinting and fracturing, were developed and applied, for the first time, to visualize internal metabolites of leaves in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-MSI. This is also the first time nanoparticle-based ionization was implemented to ionize diterpenoid phytochemicals that were difficult to analyze with traditional organic matrices. The interactions between rice-bacterium and soybean-aphid were investigated as two model systems to demonstrate the capability of high-resolution MSI based on MALDI. Localized molecular information on various plant- or pest-derived chemicals provided valuable insight for the molecular processes occurring during the plant-pest interactions. Specifically, salicylic acid and isoflavone based resistance was visualized in the soybean-aphid system and antibiotic diterpenoids in rice-bacterium interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Klein
- †Department of Chemistry, ∥Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, and #Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- ‡Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Gargey B Yagnik
- †Department of Chemistry, ∥Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, and #Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- ‡Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | - Zhiyuan Ji
- ⊥Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Malinda D Reichert
- †Department of Chemistry, ∥Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, and #Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | | | | | - Javier Vela
- †Department of Chemistry, ∥Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, and #Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Young Jin Lee
- †Department of Chemistry, ∥Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, and #Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- ‡Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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128
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Le Pogam P, Legouin B, Le Lamer AC, Boustie J, Rondeau D. Analysis of the cyanolichen Lichina pygmaea metabolites using in situ DART-MS: from detection to thermochemistry of mycosporine serinol. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:454-462. [PMID: 25800181 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Direct Analysis in Real Time DART-HRMS is here first applied to the detection of molecules from a lichen, Lichina pygmaea. The aim was to propose an innovative method of in situ detection of lichen secondary metabolites using the possibilities of elemental composition determination available when a DART source is interfaced with a TOF analyzer. Three kinds of samples have been submitted to DART ionization, i.e. an intact thallus, a powder obtained from the crushed lichen and an aqueous extract. In situ analysis of crushed lichen, yields an extensive chemical profile, comparable to what is obtained from the aqueous extract, comprising both major polar metabolites described in literature along with some other signals that could correspond to potentially unknown metabolites. One of the detected secondary metabolites, mycosporine serinol, underwent a dehydration reaction prior to its transfer in the gas-phase by DART ionization. The consideration of the thermal transfers involved in the DART ionization process and the possibility to record time-dependent mass spectra through the use of the TOF analyzer allowed establishing Arrhenius plots of this water molecule loss to obtain associated thermodynamic quantities. The low values of corresponding activation enthalpy (Δr‡Hm° of the order of 25 kJ mol(-1)) enabled formulating some assumption regarding a possible role of such metabolites in the lichen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Pogam
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Equipe PNSCM, (ISCR UMR CNRS 6226), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 2 av. du Pr Léon-Bernard, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
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129
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Wolfender JL, Marti G, Thomas A, Bertrand S. Current approaches and challenges for the metabolite profiling of complex natural extracts. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:136-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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130
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Gemperline E, Jayaraman D, Maeda J, Ané JM, Li L. Multifaceted investigation of metabolites during nitrogen fixation in Medicago via high resolution MALDI-MS imaging and ESI-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:149-58. [PMID: 25323862 PMCID: PMC4286419 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Legumes have developed the unique ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria known as rhizobia. This interaction results in the formation of root nodules in which rhizobia thrive and reduce atmospheric dinitrogen into plant-usable ammonium through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Owing to the availability of genetic information for both of the symbiotic partners, the Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti association is an excellent model for examining the BNF process. Although metabolites are important in this symbiotic association, few studies have investigated the array of metabolites that influence this process. Of these studies, most target only a few specific metabolites, the roles of which are either well known or are part of a well-characterized metabolic pathway. Here, we used a multifaceted mass spectrometric (MS) approach to detect and identify the key metabolites that are present during BNF using the Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti association as the model system. High mass accuracy and high resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) Orbitrap instruments were used in this study and provide complementary results for more in-depth characterization of the nitrogen-fixation process. We used well-characterized plant and bacterial mutants to highlight differences between the metabolites that are present in functional versus nonfunctional nodules. Our study highlights the benefits of using a combination of mass spectrometric techniques to detect differences in metabolite composition and the distributions of these metabolites in plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gemperline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Junko Maeda
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Address reprint requests to: Lingjun Li, University of Wisconsin at Madison, School of Pharmacy, 5125 Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222 Phone: 608-265-8491 Fax: 608-262-5345
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Killeen DP, van Klink JW, Smallfield BM, Gordon KC, Perry NB. Herbicidal β-triketones are compartmentalized in leaves of Leptospermum species: localization by Raman microscopy and rapid screening. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:339-349. [PMID: 25103692 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The New Zealand mānuka shrub, Leptospermum scoparium, and the Australian L. morrisonii produce herbicidal β-triketones in their leaves. The localization of these potential self-toxicants has not been proven. We investigated the localization of these compounds in leaves using Raman microscopy. The results are presented as heat maps derived from principal component analysis (PCA) of the Raman spectra from sampling grids of leaf sections. This approach used undirected, data-driven analysis to qualitatively distinguish localized plant chemistry. The presence of β-triketones and lipophilic flavonoids was confirmed by GC-MS and (1) H NMR spectroscopy. Grandiflorone was compartmentalized within the leaf oil glands of L. morrisonii. Leptospermum scoparium also contained high concentrations of grandiflorone, previously reported as only a trace component in essential oils, localized in the oil glands in the leaves of varieties from diverse geographical locations. Raman microscopy was used to probe the chemistry of oil glands in several ornamental mānuka varieties, revealing high concentrations of bioactive flavonoids localized in these glands. The compartmentalization of β-triketones within oil glands inside leaves of Leptospermum shrubs may defend the plants against herbicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Killeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Frisch T, Motawia MS, Olsen CE, Agerbirk N, Møller BL, Bjarnholt N. Diversified glucosinolate metabolism: biosynthesis of hydrogen cyanide and of the hydroxynitrile glucoside alliarinoside in relation to sinigrin metabolism in Alliaria petiolata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:926. [PMID: 26583022 PMCID: PMC4628127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard, Brassicaceae) contains the glucosinolate sinigrin as well as alliarinoside, a γ-hydroxynitrile glucoside structurally related to cyanogenic glucosides. Sinigrin may defend this plant against a broad range of enemies, while alliarinoside confers resistance to specialized (glucosinolate-adapted) herbivores. Hydroxynitrile glucosides and glucosinolates are two classes of specialized metabolites, which generally do not occur in the same plant species. Administration of [UL-(14)C]-methionine to excised leaves of A. petiolata showed that both alliarinoside and sinigrin were biosynthesized from methionine. The biosynthesis of alliarinoside was shown not to bifurcate from sinigrin biosynthesis at the oxime level in contrast to the general scheme for hydroxynitrile glucoside biosynthesis. Instead, the aglucon of alliarinoside was formed from metabolism of sinigrin in experiments with crude extracts, suggesting a possible biosynthetic pathway in intact cells. Hence, the alliarinoside pathway may represent a route to hydroxynitrile glucoside biosynthesis resulting from convergent evolution. Metabolite profiling by LC-MS showed no evidence of the presence of cyanogenic glucosides in A. petiolata. However, we detected hydrogen cyanide (HCN) release from sinigrin and added thiocyanate ion and benzyl thiocyanate in A. petiolata indicating an enzymatic pathway from glucosinolates via allyl thiocyanate and indole glucosinolate derived thiocyanate ion to HCN. Alliarinoside biosynthesis and HCN release from glucosinolate-derived metabolites expand the range of glucosinolate-related defenses and can be viewed as a third line of defense, with glucosinolates and thiocyanate forming protein being the first and second lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Frisch
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammed S. Motawia
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl E. Olsen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger L. Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Bjarnholt
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Nanna Bjarnholt
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Bartels B, Svatoš A. Spatially resolved in vivo plant metabolomics by laser ablation-based mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques: LDI-MSI and LAESI. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:471. [PMID: 26217345 PMCID: PMC4498035 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This short review aims to summarize the current developments and applications of mass spectrometry-based methods for in situ profiling and imaging of plants with minimal or no sample pre-treatment or manipulation. Infrared-laser ablation electrospray ionization and UV-laser desorption/ionization methods are reviewed. The underlying mechanisms of the ionization techniques-namely, laser ablation of biological samples and electrospray ionization-as well as variations of the LAESI ion source for specific targets of interest are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- *Correspondence: Aleš Svatoš,Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena D-07745, Germany,
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134
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Crecelius AC, Schubert US, von Eggeling F. MALDI mass spectrometric imaging meets “omics”: recent advances in the fruitful marriage. Analyst 2015; 140:5806-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI MSI) is a method that allows the investigation of the molecular content of surfaces, in particular, tissues, within its morphological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Crecelius
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - U. S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - F. von Eggeling
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
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135
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Spengler
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical
Chemistry, Schubertstrasse
60, Building 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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136
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McDonnell LA, Römpp A, Balluff B, Heeren RMA, Albar JP, Andrén PE, Corthals GL, Walch A, Stoeckli M. Discussion point: reporting guidelines for mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2035-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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137
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Olsen LR, Hansen SH, Janfelt C. Distribution of terfenadine and its metabolites in locusts studied by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2149-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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138
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhai Y, Jiang Y, Fang X, Zhou M, Deng Y, Xu W. Mass Selective Ion Transfer and Accumulation in Ion Trap Arrays. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10164-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502583b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Wang
- School
of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, FUDAN University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanbing Zhai
- School
of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - You Jiang
- National Institute
of Metrology, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- National Institute
of Metrology, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, FUDAN University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School
of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School
of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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139
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Li B, Bhandari DR, Janfelt C, Römpp A, Spengler B. Natural products in Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) rhizome imaged at the cellular level by atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry imaging. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 80:161-71. [PMID: 25040821 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The rhizome of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) was analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry imaging and tandem mass spectrometry imaging. An atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging ion source was combined with an orbital trapping mass spectrometer in order to obtain high-resolution imaging in mass and space. Sections of the rhizome were imaged with a spatial resolution of 10 μm in the positive ion mode, and a large number of secondary metabolites were localized and identified based on their accurate mass and MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Major tissue-specific metabolites, including free flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides and saponins, were successfully detected and visualized in images, showing their distributions at the cellular level. The analytical power of the technique was tested in the imaging of two isobaric licorice saponins with a mass difference of only 0.02 Da. With a mass resolving power of 140 000 and a bin width of 5 ppm in the image processing, the two compounds were well resolved in full-scan mode, and appeared with different distributions in the tissue sections. The identities of the compounds and their distributions were validated in a subsequent MS/MS imaging experiment, thereby confirming their identities and excluding possible analyte interference. The use of high spatial resolution, high mass resolution and tandem mass spectrometry in imaging experiments provides significant information about the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids and saponins in legume species, combing the spatially resolved chemical information with morphological details at the microscopic level. Furthermore, the technique offers a scheme capable of high-throughput profiling of metabolites in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 60, building 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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140
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Wilson SA, Cummings EM, Roberts SC. Multi-scale engineering of plant cell cultures for promotion of specialized metabolism. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 29:163-70. [PMID: 25063984 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To establish plant culture systems for product synthesis, a multi-scale engineering approach is necessary. At the intracellular level, the influx of 'omics' data has necessitated development of new methods to properly annotate and establish useful metabolic models that can be applied to elucidate unknown steps in specialized metabolite biosynthesis, define effective metabolic engineering strategies and increase enzyme diversity available for synthetic biology platforms. On an intercellular level, the presence of aggregates in culture leads to distinct metabolic sub-populations. Recent advances in flow cytometric analyses and mass spectrometry imaging allow for resolution of metabolites on the single cell level, providing an increased understanding of culture heterogeneity. Finally, extracellular engineering can be used to enhance culture performance through media manipulation, co-culture with bacteria, the use of exogenous elicitors or modulation of shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Wilson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 159 Goessmann Laboratory, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Cummings
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 159 Goessmann Laboratory, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Susan C Roberts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 159 Goessmann Laboratory, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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141
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Becker L, Carré V, Poutaraud A, Merdinoglu D, Chaimbault P. MALDI mass spectrometry imaging for the simultaneous location of resveratrol, pterostilbene and viniferins on grapevine leaves. Molecules 2014; 19:10587-600. [PMID: 25050857 PMCID: PMC6271053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190710587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the in-situ response to a stress, grapevine leaves have been subjected to mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) experiments. The Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation (MALDI) approach using different matrices has been evaluated. Among all the tested matrices, the 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) was found to be the most efficient matrix allowing a broader range of detected stilbene phytoalexins. Resveratrol, but also more toxic compounds against fungi such as pterostilbene and viniferins, were identified and mapped. Their spatial distributions on grapevine leaves irradiated by UV show their specific colocation around the veins. Moreover, MALDI MSI reveals that resveratrol (and piceids) and viniferins are not specifically located on the same area when leaves are infected by Plasmopara viticola. Results obtained by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging demonstrate that this technique would be essential to improve the level of knowledge concerning the role of the stilbene phytoalexins involved in a stress event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Becker
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique-Approche Multi échelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Institut Jean Barriol (FR 2843), Université de Lorraine, ICPM 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France.
| | - Vincent Carré
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique-Approche Multi échelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Institut Jean Barriol (FR 2843), Université de Lorraine, ICPM 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France.
| | - Anne Poutaraud
- Institut National de Recherche en Agronomie (INRA) - Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (UMR 1131), 28 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68021 Colmar, France.
| | - Didier Merdinoglu
- Institut National de Recherche en Agronomie (INRA) - Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (UMR 1131), 28 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68021 Colmar, France.
| | - Patrick Chaimbault
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique-Approche Multi échelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Institut Jean Barriol (FR 2843), Université de Lorraine, ICPM 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France.
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