101
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de Albuquerque CDL, Zoltowski CM, Scarpitti BT, Shoup DN, Schultz ZD. Spectrally Resolved Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging Reveals Plasmon-Mediated Chemical Transformations. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2021; 1:38-46. [PMID: 34966910 PMCID: PMC8700175 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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Challenges investigating
molecules on plasmonic nanostructures
have limited understanding of these interactions. However, the chemically
specific information in the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
spectrum can identify perturbations in the adsorbed molecules to provide
insight relevant to applications in sensing, catalysis, and energy
conversion. Here, we demonstrate spectrally resolved SERS imaging,
to simultaneously image and collect the SERS spectra from molecules
adsorbed on individual nanoparticles. We observe intensity and frequency
fluctuations in the SERS signal on the time scale of tens of milliseconds
from n-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) adsorbed to gold
nanoparticles. The SERS signal fluctuations correlate with density
functional theory calculations of radicals generated by the interaction
between MBA and plasmon-generated hot electrons. Applying localization
microscopy to the data provides a super-resolution spectrally resolved
map that indicates the plasmonic-induced molecular charging occurs
on the extremities of the nanoparticles, where the localized electromagnetic
field is reported to be most intense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea M Zoltowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Brian T Scarpitti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Deben N Shoup
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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102
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Infrared nanoscopy and tomography of intracellular structures. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1341. [PMID: 34848821 PMCID: PMC8633277 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although techniques such as fluorescence-based super-resolution imaging or confocal microscopy simultaneously gather both morphological and chemical data, these techniques often rely on the use of localized and chemically specific markers. To eliminate this flaw, we have developed a method of examining cellular cross sections using the imaging power of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy at a spatial resolution far beyond the diffraction limit. Herewith, nanoscale surface and volumetric chemical imaging is performed using the intrinsic contrast generated by the characteristic absorption of mid-infrared radiation by the covalent bonds. We employ infrared nanoscopy to study the subcellular structures of eukaryotic (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) species, revealing chemically distinct regions within each cell such as the microtubular structure of the flagellum. Serial 100 nm-thick cellular cross-sections were compiled into a tomogram yielding a three-dimensional infrared image of subcellular structure distribution at 20 nm resolution. The presented methodology is able to image biological samples complementing current fluorescence nanoscopy but at less interference due to the low energy of infrared radiation and the absence of labeling.
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103
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Rikanati L, Dery S, Gross E. AFM-IR and s-SNOM-IR measurements of chemically addressable monolayers on Au nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:204704. [PMID: 34852499 DOI: 10.1063/5.0072079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of catalysts depends on their nanoscale properties, and local variations in structure and composition can have a dramatic impact on the catalytic reactivity. Therefore, probing the localized reactivity of catalytic surfaces using high spatial resolution vibrational spectroscopy, such as infrared (IR) nanospectroscopy and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, is essential for mapping their reactivity pattern. Two fundamentally different scanning probe IR nanospectroscopy techniques, namely, scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), provide the capabilities for mapping the reactivity pattern of catalytic surfaces with a spatial resolution of ∼20 nm. Herein, we compare these two techniques with regard to their applicability for probing the vibrational signature of reactive molecules on catalytic nanoparticles. For this purpose, we use chemically addressable self-assembled molecules on Au nanoparticles as model systems. We identified significant spectral differences depending on the measurement technique, which originate from the fundamentally different working principles of the applied methods. While AFM-IR spectra provided information from all the molecules that were positioned underneath the tip, the s-SNOM spectra were more orientation-sensitive. Due to its field-enhancement factor, the s-SNOM spectra showed higher vibrational signals for dipoles that were perpendicularly oriented to the surface. The s-SNOM sensitivity to the molecular orientation influenced the amplitude, position, and signal-to-noise ratio of the collected spectra. Ensemble-based IR measurements verified that differences in the localized IR spectra stem from the enhanced sensitivity of s-SNOM measurements to the adsorption geometry of the probed molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihi Rikanati
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shahar Dery
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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104
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New Analytical Approaches for Effective Quantification and Identification of Nanoplastics in Environmental Samples. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) are a rapidly developing subject that is relevant in environmental and food research, as well as in human toxicity, among other fields. NPs have recently been recognized as one of the least studied types of marine litter, but potentially one of the most hazardous. Several studies are now being reported on NPs in the environment including surface water and coast, snow, soil and in personal care products. However, the extent of contamination remains largely unknown due to fundamental challenges associated with isolation and analysis, and therefore, a methodological gap exists. This article summarizes the progress in environmental NPs analysis and makes a critical assessment of whether methods from nanoparticles analysis could be adopted to bridge the methodological gap. This review discussed the sample preparation and preconcentration protocol for NPs analysis and also examines the most appropriate approaches available at the moment, ranging from physical to chemical. This study also discusses the difficulties associated with improving existing methods and developing new ones. Although microscopical techniques are one of the most often used ways for imaging and thus quantification, they have the drawback of producing partial findings as they can be easily mixed up as biomolecules. At the moment, the combination of chemical analysis (i.e., spectroscopy) and newly developed alternative methods overcomes this limitation. In general, multiple analytical methods used in combination are likely to be needed to correctly detect and fully quantify NPs in environmental samples.
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105
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Resch J, Dreier J, Bonten C, Kreutzbruck M. Miscibility and Phase Separation in PMMA/SAN Blends Investigated by Nanoscale AFM-IR. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213809. [PMID: 34771366 PMCID: PMC8587124 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The miscibility and phase separation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) have already been investigated using various methods. However, these methods have limitations that often result in inconsistent characterization. Consequently, the reasons for the dependence of miscibility on composition as well as on processing temperature have not yet been proved. The phase separation of PMMA/SAN blends was therefore investigated for the first time using a novel technique, nanoscale AFM-IR. It couples nanoscale atomic force microscopy (AFM) with infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Therefore, the phase morphology can be chemically identified and precisely classified within the nm-regime. The PMMA/SAN blends, on the other hand, were analyzed of their changes in morphology under different thermal treatments. It was possible to visualize and define the phase separation, as well as dependence of the miscibility on the mixing ratio. In the miscible domain, no two individual phases could be detected down to the nanometer range. It was shown that with increasing temperature, the morphology changes and two different phases are formed, where the phase boundaries can be sharply defined. The onset of these changes could be identified at temperatures of about 100 °C.
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106
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Ivleva NP. Chemical Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Challenges, Advanced Methods, and Perspectives. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11886-11936. [PMID: 34436873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microplastics and nanoplastics have become emerging particulate anthropogenic pollutants and rapidly turned into a field of growing scientific and public interest. These tiny plastic particles are found in the environment all around the globe as well as in drinking water and food, raising concerns about their impacts on the environment and human health. To adequately address these issues, reliable information on the ambient concentrations of microplastics and nanoplastics is needed. However, micro- and nanoplastic particles are extremely complex and diverse in terms of their size, shape, density, polymer type, surface properties, etc. While the particle concentrations in different media can vary by up to 10 orders of magnitude, analysis of such complex samples may resemble searching for a needle in a haystack. This highlights the critical importance of appropriate methods for the chemical identification, quantification, and characterization of microplastics and nanoplastics. The present article reviews advanced methods for the representative mass-based and particle-based analysis of microplastics, with a focus on the sensitivity and lower-size limit for detection. The advantages and limitations of the methods, and their complementarity for the comprehensive characterization of microplastics are discussed. A special attention is paid to the approaches for reliable analysis of nanoplastics. Finally, an outlook for establishing harmonized and standardized methods to analyze these challenging contaminants is presented, and perspectives within and beyond this research field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P Ivleva
- Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
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107
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Su HS, Feng HS, Wu X, Sun JJ, Ren B. Recent advances in plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for catalytic reactions on bifunctional metallic nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:13962-13975. [PMID: 34477677 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04009j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanostructures exhibit superior catalytic performance for diverse chemical reactions and the in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms requires versatile characterization methods. Plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (PERS), including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS), and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), appears as a powerful technique to characterize the Raman fingerprint information of surface species with high chemical sensitivity and spatial resolution. To expand the range of catalytic reactions studied by PERS, catalytically active metals are integrated with plasmonic metals to produce bifunctional metallic nanostructures. In this minireview, we discuss the recent advances in PERS techniques to probe the chemical reactions catalysed by bifunctional metallic nanostructures. First, we introduce different architectures of these dual-functionality nanostructures. We then highlight the recent works using PERS to investigate important catalytic reactions as well as the electronic and catalytic properties of these nanostructures. Finally, we provide some perspectives for future PERS studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Sheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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108
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Phal Y, Yeh K, Bhargava R. Design Considerations for Discrete Frequency Infrared Microscopy Systems. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 75:1067-1092. [PMID: 33876990 PMCID: PMC9993325 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211013372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Discrete frequency infrared chemical imaging is transforming the practice of microspectroscopy by enabling a diversity of instrumentation and new measurement capabilities. While a variety of hardware implementations have been realized, design considerations that are unique to infrared (IR) microscopes have not yet been compiled in literature. Here, we describe the evolution of IR microscopes, provide rationales for design choices, and catalog some major considerations for each of the optical components in an imaging system. We analyze design choices that use these components to optimize performance, under their particular constraints, while providing illustrative examples. We then summarize a framework to assess the factors that determine an instrument's performance mathematically. Finally, we provide a validation approach by enumerating performance metrics that can be used to evaluate the capabilities of imaging systems or suitability for specific intended applications. Together, the presented concepts and examples should aid in understanding available instrument configurations, while guiding innovations in design of the next generation of IR chemical imaging spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Phal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Kevin Yeh
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
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109
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Cai ZF, Zheng LQ, Zhang Y, Zenobi R. Molecular-Scale Chemical Imaging of the Orientation of an On-Surface Coordination Complex by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12380-12386. [PMID: 34329556 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic coordination structures at interfaces play an essential role in many biological and chemical systems. Understanding the molecular specificity, orientation, and spatial distribution of the coordination complexes at the nanometer scale is of great importance for effective molecular engineering of nanostructures and fabrication of functional devices with controllable properties. However, fundamental properties of such coordination systems are still rarely studied directly. In this work, we present a spectroscopic approach on the basis of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) to investigate cobalt(II) tetraphenyl-porphyrine coordination species on the scale of a single molecule under ambient conditions. Coordination species anchored on gold surfaces modified with pyridine thiol self-assembled monolayers can be spectroscopically distinguished and mapped with ca. 2 nm resolution. In addition, in combination with density functional theory simulations, the adsorption configuration and molecular orientation of the coordination complexes are also revealed using TERS imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Feng Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Li-Qing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
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110
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Xu W, Mihhels K, Kotov N, Lepikko S, Ras RHA, Johnson CM, Pettersson T, Kontturi E. Solid-state polymer adsorption for surface modification: The role of molecular weight. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:441-450. [PMID: 34333417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Solid-state polymer adsorption offers a distinct approach for surface modification. These ultrathin, so-called Guiselin layers can easily be obtained by placing a polymer melt in contact with an interface, followed by a removal of the non-adsorbed layer with a good solvent. While the mechanism of formation has been well established for Guiselin layers, their stability, crucial from the perspective of materials applications, is not. The stability is a trade-off in the entropic penalty between cooperative detachment of the number of segments directly adsorbed on the substrate and consecutively pinned monomers. EXPERIMENTS Experimental model systems of Guiselin layers of polystyrene (PS) on silicon wafers with native oxide layer on top were employed. The stability of the adsorbed layers was studied as a function of PS molecular weight and polydispersibility by various microscopic and spectroscopic tools as well as quasi-static contact angle measurements. FINDINGS Adsorbed layers from low molecular weight PS were disrupted with typical spinodal decomposition patterns whereas high molecular weight (>500 kDa) PS resulted in stable, continuous layers. Moreover, we show that Guiselin layers offer an enticing way to modify a surface, as demonstrated by adsorbed PS that imparts a hydrophobic character to initially hydrophilic silicon wafers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Nikolay Kotov
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sakari Lepikko
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin H A Ras
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - C Magnus Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Pettersson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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111
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Schymanski D, Oßmann BE, Benismail N, Boukerma K, Dallmann G, von der Esch E, Fischer D, Fischer F, Gilliland D, Glas K, Hofmann T, Käppler A, Lacorte S, Marco J, Rakwe ME, Weisser J, Witzig C, Zumbülte N, Ivleva NP. Analysis of microplastics in drinking water and other clean water samples with micro-Raman and micro-infrared spectroscopy: minimum requirements and best practice guidelines. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5969-5994. [PMID: 34283280 PMCID: PMC8440246 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are a widespread contaminant found not only in various natural habitats but also in drinking waters. With spectroscopic methods, the polymer type, number, size, and size distribution as well as the shape of microplastic particles in waters can be determined, which is of great relevance to toxicological studies. Methods used in studies so far show a huge diversity regarding experimental setups and often a lack of certain quality assurance aspects. To overcome these problems, this critical review and consensus paper of 12 European analytical laboratories and institutions, dealing with microplastic particle identification and quantification with spectroscopic methods, gives guidance toward harmonized microplastic particle analysis in clean waters. The aims of this paper are to (i) improve the reliability of microplastic analysis, (ii) facilitate and improve the planning of sample preparation and microplastic detection, and (iii) provide a better understanding regarding the evaluation of already existing studies. With these aims, we hope to make an important step toward harmonization of microplastic particle analysis in clean water samples and, thus, allow the comparability of results obtained in different studies by using similar or harmonized methods. Clean water samples, for the purpose of this paper, are considered to comprise all water samples with low matrix content, in particular drinking, tap, and bottled water, but also other water types such as clean freshwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darena Schymanski
- Chemical and Veterinary Analytical Institute Münsterland-Emscher-Lippe (CVUA-MEL), Joseph-König-Straße 40, 48147, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Barbara E Oßmann
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Eggenreuther Weg 43, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nizar Benismail
- Nestle Quality Assurance Center Vittel, 1020 Avenue Georges Clemenceau, 88800, Vittel, France
| | | | - Gerald Dallmann
- SGS Institut Fresenius GmbH, Königsbrücker Landstr. 161, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth von der Esch
- Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Fischer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Fischer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Douglas Gilliland
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Karl Glas
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Käppler
- SGS Institut Fresenius GmbH, Königsbrücker Landstr. 161, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sílvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julie Marco
- Danone Waters, 11 Avenue du Général Dupas, 74500, Evian les Bains, France
| | | | - Jana Weisser
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Cordula Witzig
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nicole Zumbülte
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Natalia P Ivleva
- Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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112
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Li Z, Kurouski D. Probing the plasmon-driven Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions with cargo-TERS towards tailored catalysis. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11793-11799. [PMID: 34190293 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02478g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a label-free approach that is based on tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) for a direct in situ assessment of the molecular reactivity in plasmon-driven reactions. Using this analytical approach, named cargo-TERS, we investigate the relationship between the chemical structure of aromatic halides and the catalytic probability of the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction on gold-palladium bimetallic nanoplates (Au@PdNPs). We demonstrate that cargo-TERS can be used to quantify the yield of biphenyl-4,4'-dithiol (BPDT), the product of the coupling reaction. Our results also show that the halide reactivity decreases from bromo through chloro to fluorohalides. Finally, we employ this novel imaging technique to unravel the nanoscale reactivity and selectivity of Au@PdNPs. We find that the edges and corners of these nanostructures exhibit the highest catalytic reactivity, while the flat terraces of Au@PdNPs remain catalytically inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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113
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Darussalam EY, Peterfi O, Deckert-Gaudig T, Roussille L, Deckert V. pH-dependent disintegration of insulin amyloid fibrils monitored with atomic force microscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 256:119672. [PMID: 33852991 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of insulin into amyloid fibrils is characterized by the conversion of the native secondary structure of the peptide into an enriched ß-sheet conformation. In vitro, the growth or disintegration of amyloid fibrils can be influenced by various external factors such as pH, temperature etc. While current studies mainly focus on the influence of environmental conditions on the growth process of insulin fibrils, the present study investigates the effect of pH changes on the morphology and secondary structure of mature fibrils. In the experiments, insulin is fibrillated at pH 2.5 and the grown mature fibrils are suspended in pH 4-7 solutions. The obtained structures are analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Initially grown mature fibrils from pH 2.5 solutions show a long and intertwined morphology. Increasing the solution pH initiates the gradual disintegration of the filamentous morphology into unordered aggregates. These observations are supported by SERS experiments, where the spectra of the mature fibrils show mainly a β-pleated sheet conformation, while the amide I band region of the amorphous aggregates indicate exclusively α-helix/unordered structures. The results demonstrate that no complex reagent is required for the disintegration of insulin fibrils. Simply regulating the pH of the environment induces local changes in the protonation state within the peptide chains. This effectively disrupts the well-ordered β-sheet structure network based on hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Y Darussalam
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Orsolya Peterfi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Deckert-Gaudig
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ludovic Roussille
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA.
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114
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Wang CF, O'Callahan BT, Krayev A, El-Khoury PZ. Nanoindentation-enhanced tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:241101. [PMID: 34241355 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We combine nanoindentation, herein achieved using atomic force microscopy-based pulsed-force lithography, with tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and imaging. Our approach entails indentation and multimodal characterization of otherwise flat Au substrates, followed by chemical functionalization and TERS spectral imaging of the indented nanostructures. We find that the resulting structures, which vary in shape and size depending on the tip used to produce them, may sustain nano-confined and significantly enhanced local fields. We take advantage of the latter and illustrate TERS-based ultrasensitive detection/chemical fingerprinting as well as chemical reaction imaging-all using a single platform for nano-lithography, topographic imaging, hyperspectral dark field optical microscopy, and TERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Brian T O'Callahan
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Andrey Krayev
- Horiba Instruments, Inc., 359 Bel Marin Keys Blvd., Suite 18, Novato, California 94949, USA
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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115
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Baden N. Novel Method for High-Spatial-Resolution Chemical Analysis of Buried Polymer-Metal Interface: Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared (AFM-IR) Spectroscopy with Low-Angle Microtomy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 75:901-910. [PMID: 33739171 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211007187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a great need for the analysis of the chemical composition, structure, functional groups, and interactions at polymer-metal interfaces in terms of adhesion, corrosion, and insulation. Although atomic force microscopy-based infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy can provide chemical analysis with nanoscale spatial resolution, it generally requires to thin a sample to be placed on a substrate that has low absorption of infrared light and high thermal conductivity, which is often difficult for samples that contain hard materials such as metals. This study demonstrates that the combination of AFM-IR with low-angle microtomy (LAM) sample preparation can analyze buried polymer-metal interfaces with higher spatial resolution than that with the conventional sample preparation of a thick vertical cross-section. In the LAM of a polymer layer on a metal substrate, the polymer layer is tapered to be thin in the vicinity of the interface, and thus, sample thinning is not required. An interface between an epoxyacrylate layer and copper wire in a flexible printed circuit cable was measured using this method. A carboxylate interphase layer with a thickness of ∼130 nm was clearly visualized at the interface, and its spectrum was obtained without any signal contamination from the neighboring epoxyacrylate, which was difficult to achieve on a thick vertical cross-section. The combination of AFM-IR with LAM is a simple and useful method for high-spatial-resolution chemical analysis of buried polymer-metal interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Baden
- Nihon Thermal Consulting, Co., Ltd., 1-5-11 Nishishinjuku, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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116
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Recent Progress on the Characterization of Cellulose Nanomaterials by Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051353. [PMID: 34065487 PMCID: PMC8190638 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Researches of cellulose nanomaterials have seen nearly exponential growth over the past several decades for versatile applications. The characterization of nanostructural arrangement and local chemical distribution is critical to understand their role when developing cellulose materials. However, with the development of current characterization methods, the simultaneous morphological and chemical characterization of cellulose materials at nanoscale resolution is still challenging. Two fundamentally different nanoscale infrared spectroscopic techniques, namely atomic force microscope based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and infrared scattering scanning near field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM), have been established by the integration of AFM with IR spectroscopy to realize nanoscale spatially resolved imaging for both morphological and chemical information. This review aims to summarize and highlight the recent developments in the applications of current state-of-the-art nanoscale IR spectroscopy and imaging to cellulose materials. It briefly outlines the basic principles of AFM-IR and IR s-SNOM, as well as their advantages and limitations to characterize cellulose materials. The uses of AFM-IR and IR s-SNOM for the understanding and development of cellulose materials, including cellulose nanomaterials, cellulose nanocomposites, and plant cell walls, are extensively summarized and discussed. The prospects of future developments in cellulose materials characterization are provided in the final part.
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117
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Abstract
ConspectusHot carriers are highly energetic species that can perform a large spectrum of chemical reactions. They are generated on the surfaces of nanostructures via direct interband, phonon-assisted intraband, and geometry-assisted decay of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs), which are coherent oscillations of conductive electrons. LSPRs can be induced on the surface of noble metal (Ag or Au) nanostructures by illuminating the surfaces with electromagnetic irradiation. These noble metals can be coupled with catalytic metals, such as Pt, Pd, and Ru, to develop bimetallic nanostructures with unique catalytic activities. The plasmon-driven catalysis on bimetallic nanostructures is light-driven, which essentially enables green chemistry in organic synthesis. During the past decade, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been actively utilized to study the mechanisms of plasmon-driven reactions on mono- and bimetallic nanostructures. SERS has provided a wealth of knowledge about the mechanisms of numerous plasmon-driven redox, coupling, and scissoring reactions. However, the nanoscale catalytic properties of both mono- and bimetallic nanostructures as well as the underlying physical cause of their catalytic reactivity and selectivity remained unclear for decades.In this Account, we focus on the most recent findings reported by our and other research groups that shed light on the nanoscale properties of mono- and bimetallic nanostructures. This information was revealed by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), a modern analytical technique that has single-molecule sensitivity and subnanometer spatial resolution. TERS findings have shown that plasmonic reactivity and the selectivity of bimetallic nanostructures are governed by the nature of the catalytic metal and the strength of the rectified electric field on their surfaces. TERS has also revealed that the catalytic properties of bimetallic nanostructures directly depend on the interplay between the catalytic and plasmonic metals. We anticipate that these findings will be used to tailor synthetic approaches that are used to fabricate novel nanostructures with desired catalytic properties. The experimental and theoretical results discussed in this Account will facilitate a better understanding of TERS and explain artifacts that could be encountered upon TERS imaging of a large variety of samples. Consequently, plasmon-driven chemistry should be considered as an essential part of near-field microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- The Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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118
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Dou T, Zhou L, Kurouski D. Unravelling the Structural Organization of Individual α-Synuclein Oligomers Grown in the Presence of Phospholipids. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4407-4414. [PMID: 33945282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurological disorder that affects more than 1 million people in the U.S. alone. A hallmark of PD is the formation of intracellular α-synuclein (α-Syn) protein aggregates called Lewy bodies (LBs). Although this protein does not have a particular localization in the central neural system, α-Syn aggregates are primarily found in certain areas of the midbrain, hypothalamus, and thalamus. Microscopic analysis of LBs reveals fragments of lipid-rich membranes, organelles, and vesicles. These and other pieces of experimental evidence suggest that α-Syn aggregation can be triggered by lipids. In this study, we used atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) to investigate the structural organization of individual α-Syn oligomers grown in the presence of two different phospholipids vesicles. AFM-IR is a modern optical nanoscopy technique that has single-molecule sensitivity and subdiffraction spatial resolution. Our results show that α-Syn oligomers grown in the presence of phosphatidylcholine have a distinctly different structure than oligomers grown in the presence of phosphatidylserine. We infer that this occurs because of specific charges adopted by lipids, which in turn governs protein aggregation. We also found that the protein to phospholipid ratio has a substantial impact on the structure of α-Syn oligomers. These findings demonstrate that α-Syn is far more complex than expected from the perspective of the structural organization of oligomeric species.
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119
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Therien DAB, McRae DM, Mangeney C, Félidj N, Lagugné-Labarthet F. Three-color plasmon-mediated reduction of diazonium salts over metasurfaces. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2501-2507. [PMID: 36134146 PMCID: PMC9417294 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00862a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon-mediated chemical reactions are of great interest for a variety of applications ranging from micro- and nanoscale device fabrication to chemical reactions of societal interest for hydrogen production or carbon reduction. In this work, a crosshair-like nanostructure is investigated due to its ability to induce local enhancement of the local electromagnetic field at three distinct wavelengths corresponding to three plasmon resonances. The structures are irradiated in the presence of a solution containing diazonium salts at wavelengths that match the resonance positions at 532 nm, 632.8 nm, and 800 nm. The resulting grafting shows polarization and wavelength-dependent growth patterns at the nanoscale. The plasmon-mediated reactions over arrays of the crosshair structures are further investigated using scanning electron microscopy and supported by finite domain time domain modelling revealing wavelength and polarization specific reactions. Such an approach enables nanoscale molecular printing using light source opening multiplexing applications where different analytes can be grafted under distinct opto-geometric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A B Therien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Danielle M McRae
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Claire Mangeney
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS 45 rue des Saints Péres F-75006 Paris France
| | - Nordin Félidj
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS 15 rue J.-A. de Baïf F-75013 Paris France
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120
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Chang RYK, Chow MY, Khanal D, Chen D, Chan HK. Dry powder pharmaceutical biologics for inhalation therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:64-79. [PMID: 33705876 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic biologics such as genes, peptides, proteins, virus and cells provide clinical benefits and are becoming increasingly important tools in respiratory medicine. Pulmonary delivery of therapeutic biologics enables the potential for safe and effective treatment option for respiratory diseases due to high bioavailability while minimizing absorption into the systemic circulation, reducing off-target toxicity to other organs. Development of inhalable powder formulation requires stabilization of complex biological materials, and each type of biologics may present unique challenges and require different formulation strategy combined with manufacture process to ensure biological and physical stabilities during production and over shelf-life. This review examines key formulation strategies for stabilizing proteins, nucleic acids, virus (bacteriophages) and bacterial cells in inhalable powders. It also covers characterization methods used to assess physicochemical properties and aerosol performance of the powders, biological activity and structural integrity of the biologics, and chemical analysis at the nanoscale. Furthermore, the review includes manufacture technologies which are based on lyophilization and spray-drying as they have been applied to manufacture Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved protein powders. In perspective, formulation and manufacture of inhalable powders for biologic are highly challenging but attainable. The key requirements are the stability of both the biologics and the powder, along with the powder dispersibility. The formulation to be developed depends on the manufacture process as it will subject the biologics to different stresses (temperature, mechanical and chemical) which could lead to degradation by different pathways. Stabilizing excipients coupled with the suitable choice of process can alleviate the stability issues of inhaled powders of biologics.
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121
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Schwartz JJ, Le ST, Krylyuk S, Richter CA, Davydov AV, Centrone A. Substrate-mediated hyperbolic phonon polaritons in MoO 3. NANOPHOTONICS 2021; 10:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0640. [PMID: 36451975 PMCID: PMC9706547 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2020-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) are hybrid excitations of light and coherent lattice vibrations that exist in strongly optically anisotropic media, including two-dimensional materials (e.g., MoO3). These polaritons propagate through the material's volume with long lifetimes, enabling novel mid-infrared nanophotonic applications by compressing light to sub-diffractional dimensions. Here, the dispersion relations and HPhP lifetimes (up to ≈12 ps) in single-crystalline α-MoO3 are determined by Fourier analysis of real-space, nanoscale-resolution polariton images obtained with the photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique. Measurements of MoO3 crystals deposited on periodic gratings show longer HPhPs propagation lengths and lifetimes (≈2×), and lower optical compressions, in suspended regions compared with regions in direct contact with the substrate. Additionally, PTIR data reveal MoO3 subsurface defects, which have a negligible effect on HPhP propagation, as well as polymeric contaminants localized under parts of the MoO3 crystals, which are derived from sample preparation. This work highlights the ability to engineer substrate-defined nanophotonic structures from layered anisotropic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Schwartz
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Son T. Le
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sergiy Krylyuk
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Curt A. Richter
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Albert V. Davydov
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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122
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Infrared Nanospectroscopy of Individual Extracellular Microvesicles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040887. [PMID: 33567597 PMCID: PMC7915346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are membrane-delimited structures, involved in several inter-cellular communication processes, both physiological and pathological, since they deliver complex biological cargo. Extracellular vesicles have been identified as possible biomarkers of several pathological diseases; thus, their characterization is fundamental in order to gain a deep understanding of their function and of the related processes. Traditional approaches for the characterization of the molecular content of the vesicles require a large quantity of sample, thereby providing an average molecular profile, while their heterogeneity is typically probed by non-optical microscopies that, however, lack the chemical sensitivity to provide information of the molecular cargo. Here, we perform a study of individual microvesicles, a subclass of extracellular vesicles generated by the outward budding of the plasma membrane, released by two cultures of glial cells under different stimuli, by applying a state-of-the-art infrared nanospectroscopy technique based on the coupling of an atomic force microscope and a pulsed laser, which combines the label-free chemical sensitivity of infrared spectroscopy with the nanometric resolution of atomic force microscopy. By correlating topographic, mechanical and spectroscopic information of individual microvesicles, we identified two main populations in both families of vesicles released by the two cell cultures. Subtle differences in terms of nucleic acid content among the two families of vesicles have been found by performing a fitting procedure of the main nucleic acid vibrational peaks in the 1000–1250 cm−1 frequency range.
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123
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Peris-Díaz MD, Krężel A. A guide to good practice in chemometric methods for vibrational spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and hyphenated mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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124
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El-Khoury PZ, Schultz ZD. From SERS to TERS and Beyond: Molecules as Probes of Nanoscopic Optical Fields. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:27267-27275. [PMID: 34306295 PMCID: PMC8297906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c08337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the interaction between molecules and plasmonic nanostructures is important for several exciting developments in (bio)molecular sensing and imaging, catalysis, as well as energy conversion. While much of the focus has been on the nanostructures that generate enhanced and nano-confined optical fields, we herein highlight recent work from our groups that uses the molecular response in surface and tip enhanced Raman scattering (SERS and TERS, respectively) to investigate different aspects of the local fields. TERS provides access to ultra-confined volumes, and as a result can further explore and explain ensemble-averaged SERS measurements. Exciting and distinct molecular behaviors are observed in the quantum limit of plasmons, including molecular charging, chemical conversion, and optical rectification. Evidence of multipolar Raman scattering from molecules additionally provides insights into the inhomogeneous electric fields that drive SERS and TERS and their spatial and temporal gradients. The time scales of these processes show evidence of cooperative nanoscale phenomena that altogether contribute to SERS and TERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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125
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V. D. dos Santos AC, Heydenreich R, Derntl C, Mach-Aigner AR, Mach RL, Ramer G, Lendl B. Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Enable Detection of Intracellular Protein Distribution. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15719-15725. [PMID: 33259186 PMCID: PMC7745202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the intracellular location of proteins is one of the fundamental tasks of microbiology. Conventionally, label-based microscopy and super-resolution techniques are employed. In this work, we demonstrate a new technique that can determine intracellular protein distribution at nanometer spatial resolution. This method combines nanoscale spatial resolution chemical imaging using the photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR) technique with multivariate modeling to reveal the intracellular distribution of cell components. Here, we demonstrate its viability by imaging the distribution of major cellulases and xylanases in Trichoderma reesei using the colocation of a fluorescent label (enhanced yellow fluorescence protein, EYFP) with the target enzymes to calibrate the chemometric model. The obtained partial least squares model successfully shows the distribution of these proteins inside the cell and opens the door for further studies on protein secretion mechanisms using PTIR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Heydenreich
- Institute
of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Christian Derntl
- Institute
of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Astrid R. Mach-Aigner
- Institute
of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Robert L. Mach
- Institute
of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Georg Ramer
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
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126
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Kumar N, Marchesini S, Howe T, Edwards L, Brennan B, Pollard AJ. Nanoscale characterization of plasma functionalized graphitic flakes using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184708. [PMID: 33187417 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical functionalization of graphene nanomaterials allows for the enhancement of their properties for novel functional applications. However, a better understanding of the functionalization process by determining the amount and location of functional groups within individual graphene nanoplatelets remains challenging. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) to investigate the degree and spatial variability of the appearance of disorder in graphitic nanomaterials on the nanoscale with three different levels of nitrogen functionalization. TERS results are in excellent agreement with those of confocal Raman spectroscopy and chemical analysis, determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, of the functionalized materials. This work paves the way for a better understanding of the functionalization of graphene and graphitic nanomaterials at the nano-scale, micro-scale, and macro-scale and the relationship between the techniques and how they relate to the changes in material properties of industrial importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Marchesini
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Howe
- Haydale Limited, Clos Fferws, Parc Hendre, Ammanford SA18 3BL, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Edwards
- Haydale Limited, Clos Fferws, Parc Hendre, Ammanford SA18 3BL, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Brennan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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127
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Müller DJ, Dumitru AC, Lo Giudice C, Gaub HE, Hinterdorfer P, Hummer G, De Yoreo JJ, Dufrêne YF, Alsteens D. Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Force Spectroscopy and Multiparametric Imaging of Biomolecular and Cellular Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 121:11701-11725. [PMID: 33166471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the last three decades, a series of key technological improvements turned atomic force microscopy (AFM) into a nanoscopic laboratory to directly observe and chemically characterize molecular and cell biological systems under physiological conditions. Here, we review key technological improvements that have established AFM as an analytical tool to observe and quantify native biological systems from the micro- to the nanoscale. Native biological systems include living tissues, cells, and cellular components such as single or complexed proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, or sugars. We showcase the procedures to customize nanoscopic chemical laboratories by functionalizing AFM tips and outline the advantages and limitations in applying different AFM modes to chemically image, sense, and manipulate biosystems at (sub)nanometer spatial and millisecond temporal resolution. We further discuss theoretical approaches to extract the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of specific biomolecular interactions detected by AFM for single bonds and extend the discussion to multiple bonds. Finally, we highlight the potential of combining AFM with optical microscopy and spectroscopy to address the full complexity of biological systems and to tackle fundamental challenges in life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Mattenstrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andra C Dumitru
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Cristina Lo Giudice
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hermann E Gaub
- Applied Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hummer
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - David Alsteens
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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128
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Contreras F, Ermolenkov A, Kurouski D. Infrared analysis of hair dyeing and bleaching history. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3741-3747. [PMID: 32729856 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01068e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forensic examination of hair is commonly performed to trace its origin and make a connection between a suspect and a crime scene. Such examination is based on subjective microscopic analysis of hair. During the last decade, several spectroscopic approaches have been proposed to make forensic analysis of hair more robust and reliable. Surface-enhanced Raman and attenuated total internal reflection infrared spectroscopies allowed for detection and identification of dyes directly on hair and even differentiation between commercial brands of those colorants. However, these is a question that remains unanswered: can artificial dyes be detected on bleached hair or bleaching can be used to fully erase information about hair coloring? In this study, we report experimental results that provide a clear answer to this question. We show that infrared analysis can be used to differentiate between undyed bleached hair and hair that was colored with both permanent and semi-permanent dyes prior to bleaching. We also show that IR analysis can be used to distinguish between undyed unbleached and undyed bleached hair. We demonstrate that in combination with multivariate statistical analysis, IR analysis can be used to distinguish with 96-100% accuracy between those hair classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Contreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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129
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Dou T, Li Z, Zhang J, Evilevitch A, Kurouski D. Nanoscale Structural Characterization of Individual Viral Particles Using Atomic Force Microscopy Infrared Spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS). Anal Chem 2020; 92:11297-11304. [PMID: 32683857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are infections species that infect a large spectrum of living systems. Although displaying a wide variety of shapes and sizes, they are all composed of nucleic acid encapsulated into a protein capsid. After virions enter the host cell, they replicate to produce multiple copies of themselves. They then lyse the host, releasing virions to infect new cells. The high proliferation rate of viruses is the underlying cause of their fast transmission among living species. Although many viruses are harmless, some of them are responsible for severe diseases such as AIDS, viral hepatitis, and flu. Traditionally, electron microscopy is used to identify and characterize viruses. This approach is time- and labor-consuming, which is problematic upon pandemic proliferation of previously unknown viruses, such as H1N1 and COVID-19. Herein, we demonstrate a novel diagnosis approach for label-free identification and structural characterization of individual viruses that is based on a combination of nanoscale Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Using atomic force microscopy-infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy, we were able to probe structural organization of the virions of Herpes Simplex Type 1 viruses and bacteriophage MS2. We also showed that tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) could be used to reveal protein secondary structure and amino acid composition of the virus surface. Our results show that AFM-IR and TERS provide different but complementary information about the structure of complex biological specimens. This structural information can be used for fast and reliable identification of viruses. This nanoscale bimodal imaging approach can be also used to investigate the origin of viral polymorphism and study mechanisms of virion assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Dou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zhandong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.,Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alex Evilevitch
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Virus Biophysics Group, BMC Biomedical Center, Lund University, Lund, SE-221 00S, Sweden
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Abstract
Single-molecule-level measurements are bringing about a revolution in our understanding of chemical and biochemical processes. Conventional measurements are performed on large ensembles of molecules. Such ensemble-averaged measurements mask molecular-level dynamics and static and dynamic fluctuations in reactivity, which are vital to a holistic understanding of chemical reactions. Watching reactions on the single-molecule level provides access to this otherwise hidden information. Sub-diffraction-limited spatial resolution fluorescence imaging methods, which have been successful in the field of biophysics, have been applied to study chemical processes on single-nanoparticle and single-molecule levels, bringing us new mechanistic insights into physiochemical processes. However, the scope of chemical processes that can be studied using fluorescence imaging is considerably limited; the chemical reaction has to be designed such that it involves fluorophores or fluorogenic probes. In this article, we review optical imaging modalities alternative to fluorescence imaging, which expand greatly the range of chemical processes that can be probed with nanoscale or even single-molecule resolution. First, we show that the luminosity, wavelength, and intermittency of solid-state photoluminescence (PL) can be used to probe chemical transformations on the single-nanoparticle-level. Next, we highlight case studies where localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) scattering is used for tracking solid-state, interfacial, and near-field-driven chemical reactions occurring in individual nanoscale locations. Third, we explore the utility of surface- and tip-enhanced Raman scattering to monitor individual bond-dissociation and bond-formation events occurring locally in chemical reactions on surfaces. Each example has yielded some new understanding about molecular mechanisms or location-to-location heterogeneity in chemical activity. The review finishes with new and complementary tools that are expected to further enhance the scope of knowledge attainable through nanometer-scale resolution chemical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Dinumol Devasia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Materials Research Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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131
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Olson NE, Xiao Y, Lei Z, Ault AP. Simultaneous Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy of Submicrometer Atmospheric Particles. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9932-9939. [PMID: 32519841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physicochemical analysis of individual atmospheric aerosols at the most abundant sizes in the atmosphere (<1 μm) is analytically challenging, as hundreds to thousands of species are often present in femtoliter volumes. Vibrational spectroscopies, such as infrared (IR) and Raman, have great potential for probing functional groups in single particles at ambient pressure and temperature. However, the diffraction limit of IR radiation limits traditional IR microscopy to particles > ∼10 μm, which have less relevance to aerosol health and climate impacts. Optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy is a contactless method that circumvents diffraction limitations by using changes in the scattering intensity of a continuous wave visible laser (532 nm) to detect the photothermal expansion when a vibrational mode is excited by a tunable IR laser (QCL: 800-1800 cm-1 or OPO: 2600-3600 cm-1). Herein, we simultaneously collect O-PTIR spectra with Raman spectra at a single point for individual particles with aerodynamic diameters <400 nm (prior to impaction and spreading) at ambient temperature and pressure, by also collecting the inelastically scattered visible photons for Raman spectra. O-PTIR and Raman spectra were collected for submicrometer particles with different substrates, particle chemical compositions, and morphologies (i.e., core-shell), as well as IR mapping with submicron spatial resolution. Initial O-PTIR analysis of ambient atmospheric particles identified both inorganic and organic modes in individual sub- and supermicrometer particles. The simultaneous IR and Raman microscopy with submicrometer spatial resolution described herein has considerable potential both in atmospheric chemistry and numerous others fields (e.g., materials and biological research).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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