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Nuka E, Tomono S, Ishisaka A, Kato Y, Miyoshi N, Kawai Y. Metal-catalyzed oxidation of 2-alkenals generates genotoxic 4-oxo-2-alkenals during lipid peroxidation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2007-13. [PMID: 27281652 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1191334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation products react with cellular molecules, such as DNA bases, to form covalent adducts, which are associated with aging and disease processes. Since lipid peroxidation is a complex process and occurs in multiple stages, there might be yet unknown reaction pathways. Here, we analyzed comprehensively 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) adducts with oxidized arachidonic acid using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and found the formation of 7-(2-oxo-hexyl)-etheno-dG as one of the major unidentified adducts. The formation of this adduct was reproduced in the reaction of dG with 2-octenal and predominantly with 4-oxo-2-octenal (OOE). We also found that other 2-alkenals (with five or more carbons) generate corresponding 4-oxo-2-alkenal-type adducts. Importantly, it was found that transition metals enhanced the oxidation of C4-position of 2-octenal, leading to the formation of OOE-dG adduct. These findings demonstrated a new pathway for the formation of 4-oxo-2-alkenals during lipid peroxidation and might provide a mechanism for metal-catalyzed genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Nuka
- a Departmentof Food Science , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, TokushimaUniversity Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Susumu Tomono
- b Laboratory of Longevity Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Program in Food and Nutritional Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Akari Ishisaka
- c Research Institute for Food and Nutritional Sciences , University of Hyogo , Himeji , Japan
| | - Yoji Kato
- c Research Institute for Food and Nutritional Sciences , University of Hyogo , Himeji , Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- b Laboratory of Longevity Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Program in Food and Nutritional Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Yoshichika Kawai
- a Departmentof Food Science , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, TokushimaUniversity Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
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Clinical and Biological Principles of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Application in Skin Cancer. Adv Ther 2016; 33:894-909. [PMID: 27142848 PMCID: PMC4920838 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-based electrosurgical devices have long been employed for tissue coagulation, cutting, desiccation, and cauterizing. Despite their clinical benefits, these technologies involve tissue heating and their effects are primarily heat-mediated. Recently, there have been significant developments in cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) science and engineering. New sources of CAP with well-controlled temperatures below 40 °C have been designed, permitting safe plasma application on animal and human bodies. In the last decade, a new innovative field, often referred to as plasma medicine, which combines plasma physics, life science, and clinical medicine has emerged. This field aims to exploit effects of mild plasma by controlling the interactions between plasma components (and other secondary species that can be formed from these components) with specific structural elements and functionalities of living cells. Recent studies showed that CAP can exert beneficial effects when applied selectively in certain pathologies with minimal toxicity to normal tissues. The rapid increase in new investigations and development of various devices for CAP application suggest early adoption of cold plasma as a new tool in the biomedical field. This review explores the latest major achievements in the field, focusing on the biological effects, mechanisms of action, and clinical evidence of CAP applications in areas such as skin disinfection, tissue regeneration, chronic wounds, and cancer treatment. This information may serve as a foundation for the design of future clinical trials to assess the efficacy and safety of CAP as an adjuvant therapy for skin cancer.
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103
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Song P, Li K, Liu L, Wang X, Jian Z, Zhang W, Wang G, Li C, Gao T. Genetic polymorphism of the Nrf2 promoter region is associated with vitiligo risk in Han Chinese populations. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1840-50. [PMID: 27222475 PMCID: PMC5020638 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid‐derived two‐like 2‐antioxidant response element (Nrf2‐ARE) pathway and its downstream antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase‐1 (HMOX1 or HO‐1) play essential roles in H2O2‐induced oxidative damage in human melanocytes. However, the link between Nrf2 promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to oxidative stress‐related diseases such as vitiligo is unknown. This study evaluated the association of the Nrf2 and HO‐1 genes polymorphisms with vitiligo susceptibility. In this case–control study of 1136 Han Chinese vitiligo patients and 1200 controls, Nrf2 (rs35652124 and rs6721961) and HO‐1 (rs2071746) genes were genotyped by PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Overall, a significantly decreased risk of vitiligo was found to be associated with Nrf2 rs35652124 CC and combined (CT+CC) genotypes [odds ratio (OR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50–0.83 and OR, 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–0.99, respectively], as well as among subgroups: female, onset age ≤20 and never smoker. We subsequently found that Nrf2 rs35652124 C allele had higher transcriptional activity in the luciferase reporter assay compared with Nrf2 rs35652124 T allele. Furthermore, we investigated serum HO‐1 activity was associated with the rs35652124 CT+CC genotype and lower in patients than in controls (P = 0.024). Logistic regression analysis showed a dose–response relationship between lower vitiligo risk and increased HO‐1 activity in rs35652124 CT+CC genotype carriers (Ptrend < 0.05). These findings indicate that the C allele of rs35652124 located in the promoter region of Nrf2 gene is associated with protective effect on vitiligo in a Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Smith KF, Quinn RL, Rahilly LJ. Biomarkers for differentiation of causes of respiratory distress in dogs and cats: Part 2--Lower airway, thromboembolic, and inflammatory diseases. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2016; 25:330-48. [PMID: 26040815 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the current veterinary and relevant human literature regarding biomarkers of respiratory diseases leading to dyspnea and to summarize the availability, feasibility, and practicality of using respiratory biomarkers in the veterinary setting. DATA SOURCES Veterinary and human medical literature: original research articles, scientific reviews, consensus statements, and recent textbooks. HUMAN DATA SYNTHESIS Numerous biomarkers have been evaluated in people for discriminating respiratory disease processes with varying degrees of success. VETERINARY DATA SYNTHESIS Although biomarkers should not dictate clinical decisions in lieu of gold standard diagnostics, their use may be useful in directing care in the stabilization process. Serum immunoglobulins have shown promise as an indicator of asthma in cats. A group of biomarkers has also been evaluated in exhaled breath. Of these, hydrogen peroxide has shown the most potential as a marker of inflammation in asthma and potentially aspiration pneumonia, but methods for measurement are not standardized. D-dimers may be useful in screening for thromboembolic disease in dogs. There are a variety of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, which are being evaluated for their ability to assess the severity and type of underlying disease process. Of these, amino terminal pro-C-type natriuretic peptide may be the most useful in determining if antibiotic therapy is warranted. Although critically evaluated for their use in respiratory disorders, many of the biomarkers which have been evaluated have been found to be affected by more than one type of respiratory or systemic disease. CONCLUSION At this time, there are point-of-care biomarkers that have been shown to reliably differentiate between causes of dyspnea in dogs and cats. Future clinical research is warranted to understand of how various diseases affect the biomarkers and more bedside tests for their utilization.
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Dogantekin A, Gurel A, Ustundag B, Ilhan S, Elkiran ET. Oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in neutropenic patients secondary to chemotherapy. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:309-13. [PMID: 27182229 PMCID: PMC4859012 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.322.9200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neutropenia is a serious adverse event that necessitates dosage reduction in patients receiving chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in neutropenic patients after chemotherapy both during the neutropenic period and after successful treatment of neutropenia with filgrastim. METHODS We studied paraoxonase (PON1), arylesterase (ARE), malondialdehyde (MDA), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in addition to routine biochemical and hematologic parameters. SPSS 12.0 was used for statistical evaluation of data (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS In our study, PON1, HDL, and LDH levels during the period of active neutropenia were statistically significantly higher than these levels were after resolution of neutropenia (P<0.05); MDA and ALP levels were statistically significantly lower during the period of active neutropenia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Overall, free oxygen radicals (FOR) were increased and antioxidant parameters were decreased with resolution of neutropenia. This is probably due to FOR produced by the increased number of neutrophils rather than tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akif Dogantekin
- Dr. Akif Dogantekin, MD. Department of Internal Medicine, Emek Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ali Gurel
- Dr. Ali Gurel, MD. Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Bilal Ustundag
- Prof. Bilal Ustundag, MD. Department of Biochemistry, Firat University Medical School, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Ilhan
- Selcuk Ilhan, MD. Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Firat University Medical School, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Emin Tamer Elkiran
- Prof. Emin Tamer Elkiran, MD. Department of Medical Oncology, Inonu University Medical School, Malatya, Turkey
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Markina M, Lebedeva E, Neudachina L, Stozhko N, Brainina K. Determination of Antioxidants in Human Skin by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis and Potentiometry. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1124111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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107
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Correlation of TGF-β1 and oxidative stress in the blood of patients with melanoma: a clue to understanding melanoma progression? Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10753-61. [PMID: 26873487 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 and oxidative stress are involved in cancer progression, but in melanoma, their role is still controversial. Our aim was to correlate plasma TGF-β1 levels and systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with melanoma, with or without disease metastasis, to understand their participation in melanoma progression. Thirty patients were recruited for melanoma surveillance, together with 30 healthy volunteers. Patients were divided into two groups: Non-metastasis, comprising patients with tumor removal and no metastatic episode for 3 years; and Metastasis, comprising patients with a metastatic episode. The plasmatic cytokines TGF-β1, IL-1 β, and TNF-α were analyzed by ELISA. For oxidative stress, the following assays were performed: malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels, total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) and thiol in plasma, and lipid peroxidation, SOD and catalase activity and GSH in erythrocytes. Patients with a metastatic episode had less circulating TGF-β1 and increased TRAP, thiol, AOPP and lipid peroxidation levels. MDA was increased in both melanoma groups, while catalase, GSH, and IL-1β was decreased in Non-metastasis patients. Significant negative correlations were observed between TGF-β1 levels and systemic MDA, and TGF-β1 levels and systemic AOPP, while a positive correlation was observed between TGF-β1 levels and erythrocyte GSH. Lower levels of TGF-β1 were related to increased oxidative stress in Metastasis patients, reinforcing new evidence that in melanoma TGF-β1 acts as a tumor suppressor, inhibiting tumor relapse. These findings provide new knowledge concerning this cancer pathophysiology, extending the possibilities of investigating new therapies based on this evidence.
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108
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Periodic Exposure of Keratinocytes to Cold Physical Plasma: An In Vitro Model for Redox-Related Diseases of the Skin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9816072. [PMID: 26966508 PMCID: PMC4757748 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9816072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress illustrates an imbalance between radical formation and removal. Frequent redox stress is critically involved in many human pathologies including cancer, psoriasis, and chronic wounds. However, reactive species pursue a dual role being involved in signaling on the one hand and oxidative damage on the other. Using a HaCaT keratinocyte cell culture model, we investigated redox regulation and inflammation to periodic, low-dose oxidative stress after two, six, eight, ten, and twelve weeks. Chronic redox stress was generated by recurrent incubation with cold physical plasma-treated cell culture medium. Using transcriptome microarray technology, we identified both acute ROS-stress responses as well as numerous adaptions after several weeks of redox challenge. We determined a differential expression (2-fold, FDR < 0.01, p < 0.05) of 260 genes that function in inflammation and redox homeostasis, such as cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10), growth factors (e.g., CSF2, FGF, and IGF-2), and antioxidant enzymes (e.g., HMOX, NQO1, GPX, and PRDX). Apoptotic signaling was affected rather modestly, especially in p53 downstream targets (e.g., BCL2, BBC3, and GADD45). Strikingly, the cell-protective heat shock protein HSP27 was strongly upregulated (p < 0.001). These results suggested cellular adaptions to frequent redox stress and may help to better understand the inflammatory responses in redox-related diseases.
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109
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Lee SH, Matsushima K, Miyamoto K, Oe T. UV irradiation-induced methionine oxidation in human skin keratins: Mass spectrometry-based non-invasive proteomic analysis. J Proteomics 2016; 133:54-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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110
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A Case-Control Study of Involvement of Oxidative DNA Damage and Alteration of Antioxidant Defense System in Patients with Basal Cell Carcinoma: Modulation by Tumor Removal. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5934024. [PMID: 27057281 PMCID: PMC4738719 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5934024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). This study illustrated an involvement of oxidative DNA damage and changes in antioxidant defenses in BCC by conducting a case-control study (24 controls and 24 BCC patients) and assessing urinary 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo), plasma antioxidant defenses including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), NQO1, and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and glutathione (GSH) levels before surgery and 1 month after surgery. 8-oxo-dGuo expressions as well as protein and mRNA expressions of DNA repair enzyme hOGG1 and antioxidant defenses (CAT, GCLC, GPx, Nrf2, and MnSOD) in nonneoplastic epidermis of control and BCC tissues were also determined. This study observed induction in urinary 8-oxo-dGuo, increased 8-oxo-dGuo expression, and reduced hOGG1 protein and mRNA in BCC tissues, decreased activities of CAT, GPx, and NQO1, but elevated SOD activities and GSH levels in BCC patients and reduction of all antioxidant proteins and genes studied in BCC tissues. Furthermore, decreased plasma antioxidant activities in BCC patients were restored at 1 month after operation compared with preoperative levels. Herein, we concluded that BCC patients were associated with oxidative DNA damage and depletion of antioxidant defenses and surgical removal of BCC correlated with improved redox status.
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Rauhala L, Hämäläinen L, Dunlop TW, Pehkonen P, Bart G, Kokkonen M, Tammi M, Tammi R, Pasonen-Seppänen S. The organic osmolyte betaine induces keratin 2 expression in rat epidermal keratinocytes — A genome-wide study in UVB irradiated organotypic 3D cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:462-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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112
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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Myelofibrosis and Related Neoplasms. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:648090. [PMID: 26538833 PMCID: PMC4619981 DOI: 10.1155/2015/648090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in a wide variety of disorders ranging between traumatic, infectious, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. ROS are involved in inflammation-induced oxidative damage to cellular components including regulatory proteins and DNA. Furthermore, ROS have a major role in carcinogenesis and disease progression in the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), where the malignant clone itself produces excess of ROS thereby creating a vicious self-perpetuating circle in which ROS activate proinflammatory pathways (NF-κB) which in turn create more ROS. Targeting ROS may be a therapeutic option, which could possibly prevent genomic instability and ultimately myelofibrotic and leukemic transformation. In regard to the potent efficacy of the ROS-scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in decreasing ROS levels, it is intriguing to consider if NAC treatment might benefit patients with MPN. The encouraging results from studies in cystic fibrosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease warrant such studies. In addition, the antioxidative potential of the widely used agents, interferon-alpha2, statins, and JAK inhibitors, should be investigated as well. A combinatorial approach using old agents with anticancer properties together with novel JAK1/2 inhibitors may open a new era for patients with MPNs, the outlook not only being “minimal residual disease” and potential cure but also a marked improvement in inflammation-mediated comorbidities.
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113
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Glorieux C, Zamocky M, Sandoval JM, Verrax J, Calderon PB. Regulation of catalase expression in healthy and cancerous cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:84-97. [PMID: 26117330 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalase is an important antioxidant enzyme that dismutates hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen. The catalase gene has all the characteristics of a housekeeping gene (no TATA box, no initiator element sequence, high GC content in promoter) and a core promoter that is highly conserved among species. We demonstrate in this review that within this core promoter, the presence of DNA binding sites for transcription factors, such as NF-Y and Sp1, plays an essential role in the positive regulation of catalase expression. Additional transcription factors, such as FoxO3a, are also involved in this regulatory process. There is strong evidence that the protein Akt/PKB in the PI3K signaling pathway plays a major role in the expression of catalase by modulating the activity of FoxO3a. Over the past decade, other transcription factors (PPARγ, Oct-1, etc.), as well as genetic, epigenetic, and posttranscriptional processes, have emerged as crucial contributors to the regulation of catalase expression. Altered expression levels of catalase have been reported in cancer tissues compared to their normal counterparts. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms that regulate catalase expression could, therefore, be of crucial importance for the future development of pro-oxidant cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Glorieux
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marcel Zamocky
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juan Marcelo Sandoval
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Verrax
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, 1100000 Iquique, Chile.
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Peroxiredoxin 6 triggers melanoma cell growth by increasing arachidonic acid-dependent lipid signalling. Biochem J 2015; 471:267-79. [PMID: 26285655 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumour cells are reported to display an imbalance in the levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species). Frequently, elevated ROS production goes along with compensatory up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes. Accordingly, we found in a previous study that protein levels of several peroxiredoxins, including PRDX6 (peroxiredoxin 6), are highly elevated in experimentally induced melanomas. In the present study, we investigated the functional role of PRDX6 in human melanoma cells. PRDX6 is a bifunctional enzyme, which harbours iPLA2 (Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2) activity in addition to its peroxidase function. Our results show that PRDX6 is strongly expressed in most melanoma cells and its expression levels are maintained in a post-transcriptional manner, particularly by EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-dependent signalling. PRDX6 enhances cell viability mainly by enhancing proliferation, which goes along with activation of Src family kinases. Interestingly, we were able to show that the phospholipase activity of the enzyme mediates the pro-proliferative effect of PRDX6. We identified AA (arachidonic acid) as a crucial effector of PRDX6-dependent proliferation and inducer of Src family kinase activation. These results support further the biological importance of the emerging field of lipid signalling in melanoma and highlight the particular functional relevance of PRDX6-dependent phospholipase activity.
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Bernardes SS, de Souza-Neto FP, Ramalho LNZ, Derossi DR, Guarnier FA, da Silva CFN, Melo GP, Simão ANC, Cecchini R, Cecchini AL. Systemic oxidative profile after tumor removal and the tumor microenvironment in melanoma patients. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:226-32. [PMID: 25772650 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights the systemic oxidative changes in patients submitted to primary cutaneous melanoma removal. Cutaneous melanoma is highly aggressive and its incidence is increasing worldwide. We evaluated systemic oxidative stress (OS) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) expression in melanoma tissue in relation to the Breslow thickness in patients under surveillance. Forty-three patients with cutaneous melanoma and 50 healthy volunteers were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups according to the tumor's Breslow thickness: T1/T2 (<2 mm) and T3/T4 (≥2 mm). Systemic OS and inflammatory mediators were evaluated in plasma, and the 3-NT expression was analyzed via immunohistochemistry. Compared with the controls, the patients had lower blood levels of reduced glutathione, higher malondialdehyde and thiol levels, and a higher total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter to uric acid ratio. The C-reactive protein and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were increased only in the T3/T4 group. High levels of 3-NT were present only in T3/T4 patients. Our data suggested that a correlation exists between the Breslow thickness and a systemic pro-oxidant status, and that oxidative changes induced by the melanoma remain in the microenvironment post-surgery, demonstrating a role for oxygen species in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santos Bernardes
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR445, Km 380, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pinheiro de Souza-Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR445, Km 380, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Leandra Náira Zambelli Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rudgeri Derossi
- Londrina Cancer Hospital, Rua Lucilla Ballalai, 212, Londrina, PR 86015-520, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Flávia Alessandra Guarnier
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Cássio Fernando Nunes da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR445, Km 380, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Pascoal Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR445, Km 380, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Andréa Name Colado Simão
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR445, Km 380, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR445, Km 380, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil.
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Sepúlveda J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Guirro M, García-Heredia A, Cabré N, Luciano-Mateo F, Fort-Gallifa I, Martín-Paredero V, Joven J, Camps J. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraoxonases and chemokines in arteries of patients with peripheral artery disease. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11323-38. [PMID: 25993297 PMCID: PMC4463702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to lipids and lipoproteins is implicated in the development of atherosclerotic vascular diseases, including peripheral artery disease (PAD). The paraoxonases (PON) are a group of antioxidant enzymes, termed PON1, PON2, and PON3 that protect lipoproteins and cells from peroxidation and, as such, may be involved in protection against the atherosclerosis process. PON1 inhibits the production of chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in endothelial cells incubated with oxidized lipoproteins. PON1 and CCL2 are ubiquitously distributed in tissues, and this suggests a joint localization and combined systemic effect. The aim of the present study has been to analyze the quantitative immunohistochemical localization of PON1, PON3, CCL2 and CCL2 receptors in a series of patients with severe PAD. Portions of femoral and/or popliteal arteries from 66 patients with PAD were obtained during surgical procedures for infra-inguinal limb revascularization. We used eight normal arteries from donors as controls. PON1 and PON3, CCL2 and the chemokine-binding protein 2, and Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor, were increased in PAD patients. There were no significant changes in C–C chemokine receptor type 2. Our findings suggest that paraoxonases and chemokines play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Julio Sepúlveda
- Service of Angiology, Vascular Surgery and Endosurgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia 43005, Spain.
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Maria Guirro
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Anabel García-Heredia
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Noemí Cabré
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Isabel Fort-Gallifa
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martín-Paredero
- Service of Angiology, Vascular Surgery and Endosurgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia 43005, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Jordi Camps
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
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Maresca V, Flori E, Picardo M. Skin phototype: a new perspective. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:378-89. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Maresca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research; San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute; Rome Italy
| | - Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research; San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute; Rome Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research; San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute; Rome Italy
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Bosch R, Philips N, Suárez-Pérez JA, Juarranz A, Devmurari A, Chalensouk-Khaosaat J, González S. Mechanisms of Photoaging and Cutaneous Photocarcinogenesis, and Photoprotective Strategies with Phytochemicals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:248-68. [PMID: 26783703 PMCID: PMC4665475 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoaging and photocarcinogenesis are primarily due to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which alters DNA, cellular antioxidant balance, signal transduction pathways, immunology, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The DNA alterations include UV radiation induced thymine-thymine dimers and loss of tumor suppressor gene p53. UV radiation reduces cellular antioxidant status by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the resultant oxidative stress alters signal transduction pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB)/p65, the janus kinase (JAK), signal transduction and activation of transcription (STAT) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). UV radiation induces pro-inflammatory genes and causes immunosuppression by depleting the number and activity of the epidermal Langerhans cells. Further, UV radiation remodels the ECM by increasing matrixmetalloproteinases (MMP) and reducing structural collagen and elastin. The photoprotective strategies to prevent/treat photoaging and photocarcinogenesis include oral or topical agents that act as sunscreens or counteract the effects of UV radiation on DNA, cellular antioxidant balance, signal transduction pathways, immunology and the ECM. Many of these agents are phytochemical derivatives and include polyphenols and non-polyphenols. The flavonoids are polyphenols and include catechins, isoflavones, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins, whereas the non-flavonoids comprise mono phenolic acids and stilbenes. The natural sources of polyphenols include tea, cocoa, grape/wine, soy, pomegranate, and Polypodium leucotomos. The non-phenolic phytochemicals include carotenoids, caffeine and sulphoraphance (SFN). In addition, there are other phytochemical derivatives or whole extracts such as baicalin, flavangenol, raspberry extract, and Photomorphe umbellata with photoprotective activity against UVB radiation, and thereby carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Bosch
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga 29010, Spain.
- Dermatology and Medicine Department, University of Málaga, Málag 29071, Spain.
| | - Neena Philips
- School of Natural Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1000 River Road, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA.
| | - Jorge A Suárez-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga 29010, Spain.
- Dermatology and Medicine Department, University of Málaga, Málag 29071, Spain.
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Biology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28903, Spain.
| | - Avani Devmurari
- School of Natural Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1000 River Road, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA.
| | | | - Salvador González
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10022, USA.
- Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Alcala University, Madrid 28034, Spain.
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Ziari K, Behdad B, Mohammadshahi A, Pirasteh HR, Sharifi MD, Dadpay M. Cellular and biological evaluation and diagnostic immunohistochemistry of cytokeratin 15/19 expression in distinguishing cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. Biologicals 2015; 43:181-5. [PMID: 25748637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have investigated the expression of proliferative markers, but little is known about the expression of cytokeratin 15 and 19 in different histological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We conducted cellular, biological, clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis on the manifestations of 8 BCC by hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry and reviewed relevant literature. Microscopically, the tumor cells were multiple remarkable foci of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis with large pleomorphic nuclei and scant cytoplasm together with peripheral palisading and forming solid nests. Furthermore, the most tumors were composed of highly cellular areas with a homogenous population of round, ovoid and spindle cells, hyperchromatic nuclei, high cellular pleomorphism, high mitotic index and various morphologic patterns. Moreover, the tumors displayed an invasive growth, with positive expression of Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and negative expression of CK15. Our study revealed that the expression of CK19 was associated with progression and invasion in cases with BCC and immunohistochemistry is indispensable in distinguishing this tumor from other types of cutaneous carcinoma. To our best knowledge, it may be a considerable biomarker to assess invasiveness of cutaneous-surface BCC and to guide clinical management of such tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Ziari
- Department of Pathology, Be'sat Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoosh Behdad
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadshahi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Davood Sharifi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadpay
- Department of Pathology, Imam Reza Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Moretti D, Del Bello B, Allavena G, Corti A, Signorini C, Maellaro E. Calpain-3 impairs cell proliferation and stimulates oxidative stress-mediated cell death in melanoma cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117258. [PMID: 25658320 PMCID: PMC4319969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain-3 is an intracellular cysteine protease, belonging to Calpain superfamily and predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle. In human melanoma cell lines and biopsies, we previously identified two novel splicing variants (hMp78 and hMp84) of Calpain-3 gene (CAPN3), which have a significant lower expression in vertical growth phase melanomas and, even lower, in metastases, compared to benign nevi. In the present study, in order to investigate the pathophysiological role played by the longer Calpain-3 variant, hMp84, in melanoma cells, we over-expressed it in A375 and HT-144 cells. In A375 cells, the enforced expression of hMp84 induces p53 stabilization, and modulates the expression of a few p53- and oxidative stress-related genes. Consistently, hMp84 increases the intracellular production of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), which lead to oxidative modification of phospholipids (formation of F2-isoprostanes) and DNA damage. Such events culminate in an adverse cell fate, as indicated by the decrease of cell proliferation and by cell death. To a different extent, either the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine or the p53 inhibitor, Pifithrin-α, recover cell viability and decrease ROS formation. Similarly to A375 cells, hMp84 over-expression causes inhibition of cell proliferation, cell death, and increase of both ROS levels and F2-isoprostanes also in HT-144 cells. However, in these cells no p53 accumulation occurs. In both cell lines, no significant change of cell proliferation and cell damage is observed in cells over-expressing the mutant hMp84C42S devoid of its enzymatic activity, suggesting that the catalytic activity of hMp84 is required for its detrimental effects. Since a more aggressive phenotype is expected to benefit from down-regulation of mechanisms impairing cell growth and survival, we envisage that Calpain-3 down-regulation can be regarded as a novel mechanism contributing to melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Moretti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Firenze, Italy
| | - Barbara Del Bello
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulia Allavena
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Firenze, Italy
| | - Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emilia Maellaro
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Firenze, Italy
- * E-mail:
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121
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Zapatero-Solana E, García-Giménez JL, Guerrero-Aspizua S, García M, Toll A, Baselga E, Durán-Moreno M, Markovic J, García-Verdugo JM, Conti CJ, Has C, Larcher F, Pallardó FV, Del Rio M. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Kindler syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:211. [PMID: 25528446 PMCID: PMC4302591 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kindler Syndrome (KS) is an autosomal recessive skin disorder characterized by skin blistering, photosensitivity, premature aging, and propensity to skin cancer. In spite of the knowledge underlying cause of this disease involving mutations of FERMT1 (fermitin family member 1), and efforts to characterize genotype-phenotype correlations, the clinical variability of this genodermatosis is still poorly understood. In addition, several pathognomonic features of KS, not related to skin fragility such as aging, inflammation and cancer predisposition have been strongly associated with oxidative stress. Alterations of the cellular redox status have not been previously studied in KS. Here we explored the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this rare cutaneous disease. Methods Patient-derived keratinocytes and their respective controls were cultured and classified according to their different mutations by PCR and western blot, the oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed by spectrophotometry and qPCR and additionally redox biosensors experiments were also performed. The mitochondrial structure and functionality were analyzed by confocal microscopy and electron microscopy. Results Patient-derived keratinocytes showed altered levels of several oxidative stress biomarkers including MDA (malondialdehyde), GSSG/GSH ratio (oxidized and reduced glutathione) and GCL (gamma-glutamyl cysteine ligase) subunits. Electron microscopy analysis of both, KS skin biopsies and keratinocytes showed marked morphological mitochondrial abnormalities. Consistently, confocal microscopy studies of mitochondrial fluorescent probes confirmed the mitochondrial derangement. Imbalance of oxidative stress biomarkers together with abnormalities in the mitochondrial network and function are consistent with a pro-oxidant state. Conclusions This is the first study to describe mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress involvement in KS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-014-0211-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Zapatero-Solana
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Regenerative Medicine Unit. Departament of Basic Research, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis García-Giménez
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sara Guerrero-Aspizua
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Regenerative Medicine Unit. Departament of Basic Research, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta García
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Regenerative Medicine Unit. Departament of Basic Research, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Agustí Toll
- Servei de Dermatologia, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eulalia Baselga
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Durán-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jelena Markovic
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Claudio J Conti
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Fernando Larcher
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Regenerative Medicine Unit. Departament of Basic Research, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marcela Del Rio
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Regenerative Medicine Unit. Departament of Basic Research, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
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122
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Sex disparities in melanoma outcomes: The role of biology. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 563:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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123
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Evans M, Kalman D, Alvarez P, Paquet M, Guthrie N. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating Dermytol(®) cream for the treatment of actinic keratoses. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2014; 7:215-24. [PMID: 25143750 PMCID: PMC4132222 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s63067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Actinic keratosis lesions (AKs) have the potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and thus therapies to prevent SCC development from AKs are warranted. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a 3 month application of a canola phenolic acid-based cream (CPA) on AK lesions. Patients and methods This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12 week clinical study conducted at a single-center in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Forty-five subjects (30 CPA and 15 placebo), aged 45–85 years with 3–10 AKs within a 20 cm2 treatment area (scalp, forehead, dorsal forearm, neck, or back of hand) were enrolled. The primary outcome was complete or partial lesion clearance and the secondary outcome was safety of CPA. Results Although complete AK lesion clearance was not seen in this study, a significant reduction in the mean change from baseline in the average lesion area was observed at weeks 3 (P=0.002), 6 (P<0.001), and 12 (P<0.001) in the CPA group, but only at weeks 6 and 12 in the placebo group (P=0.005 and P=0.002, respectively). Furthermore, the proportion of participants with a $10% decrease in average lesion area was significantly higher in the CPA group than the placebo group at weeks 3 (P=0.05) and 6 (P=0.02), and showed a trend at week 12 (P=0.06). A subset analysis of the change in average lesion area based upon the total lesion area at baseline revealed that CPA elicited a greater reduction than placebo (2×) in participants with a baseline total AK lesion area of 100–500 mm2 than in participants with a total area <100 mm2 (1.3×). Conclusion The results of this study and previous in vitro studies suggest a potential role for CPA in the treatment of AK lesions and the prevention of SCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maryse Paquet
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Kwon SJ, Lee JH, Moon KD, Jeong IY, Yee ST, Lee MK, Seo KI. Isoegomaketone induces apoptosis in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1969-76. [PMID: 25119993 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoegomaketone (IK) is a major biologically active component of Perilla frutescens. In this study, we investigated the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to IK-induced apoptosis in human melanoma SK-MEL-2 cells. We found that IK inhibited the proliferation of SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. IK also induced sub-G1 DNA accumulation, formation of apoptotic bodies, nuclear condensation, and a DNA ladder in SK-MEL-2 cells. IK also induced activation of caspase-3 and -9, whereas caspase‑8 was unaffected. Further, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, ROS scavenger) treatment to SK-MEL-2 cells significantly reduced IK-induced cell death. Pretreatment of NAC to SK-MEL-2 cells followed by 100 µM IK reduced the protein levels of Bax and cytochrome c as well as PARP cleavage, whereas the protein level of Bcl-2 increased. Moreover, IK inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR protein and cell proliferation induced by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. In conclusion, IK-induced ROS generation regulates cell growth inhibition and it induces apoptosis through caspase‑dependent and -independent pathways via modulation of PI3K/AKT signaling in SK-MEL-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Jae Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hye Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Deog Moon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Yun Jeong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Yee
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Il Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea
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Targeting Nrf2-Keap1 signaling for chemoprevention of skin carcinogenesis with bioactive phytochemicals. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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126
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Melanoma transition is frequently accompanied by a loss of cytoglobin expression in melanocytes: a novel expression site of cytoglobin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94772. [PMID: 24722418 PMCID: PMC3983271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue distribution and function of hemoglobin or myoglobin are well known; however, a newly found cytoglobin (CYGB), which also belongs to the globin family, remains to be characterized. To assess its expression in human malignancies, we sought to screen a number of cell lines originated from many tissues using northern blotting and real time PCR techniques. Unexpectedly, we found that several, but not all, melanoma cell lines expressed CYGB mRNA and protein at much higher levels than cells of other origins. Melanocytes, the primary origin of melanoma, also expressed CYGB at a high level. To verify these observations, immunostaining and immunoblotting using anti-CYGB antibody were also performed. Bisulfite-modified genomic sequencing revealed that several melanoma cell lines that abrogated CYGB expression were found to be epigenetically regulated by hypermethylation in the promoter region of CYGB gene. The RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the CYGB transcript in CYGB expression-positive melanoma cell lines resulted in increased proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis using 2'-, 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), an indicator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), revealed that the cellular ROS level may be involved in the proliferative effect of CYGB. Thus, CYGB appears to play a tumor suppressive role as a ROS regulator, and its epigenetic silencing, as observed in CYGB expression-negative melanoma cell lines, might function as an alternative pathway in the melanocyte-to-melanoma transition.
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Williams JD, Bermudez Y, Park SL, Stratton SP, Uchida K, Hurst CA, Wondrak GT. Malondialdehyde-derived epitopes in human skin result from acute exposure to solar UV and occur in nonmelanoma skin cancer tissue. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2014; 132:56-65. [PMID: 24584085 PMCID: PMC3973651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a causative factor in photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. In human skin, oxidative stress is widely considered a key mechanism underlying the detrimental effects of acute and chronic UVR exposure. The lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulates in tissue under conditions of increased oxidative stress, and the occurrence of MDA-derived protein epitopes, including dihydropyridine-lysine (DHP), has recently been substantiated in human skin. Here we demonstrate for the first time that acute exposure to sub-apoptogenic doses of solar simulated UV light (SSL) causes the formation of free MDA and protein-bound MDA-derived epitopes in cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes and healthy human skin. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that acute exposure to SSL is sufficient to cause an almost twenty-fold increase in general MDA- and specific DHP-epitope content in human skin. When compared to dose-matched solar simulated UVA, complete SSL was more efficient generating both free MDA and MDA-derived epitopes. Subsequent tissue microarray (TMA) analysis revealed the prevalence of MDA- and DHP-epitopes in nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). In squamous cell carcinoma tissue, both MDA- and DHP-epitopes were increased more than threefold as compared to adjacent normal tissue. Taken together, these date demonstrate the occurrence of MDA-derived epitopes in both solar UVR-exposed healthy human skin and NMSC TMA tissue; however, the potential utility of these epitopes as novel biomarkers of cutaneous photodamage and a functional role in the process of skin photocarcinogenesis remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Williams
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yira Bermudez
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sophia L Park
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Steven P Stratton
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Craig A Hurst
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Simpson MJ, Wilson JW, Robles FE, Dall CP, Glass K, Simon JD, Warren WS. Near-infrared excited state dynamics of melanins: the effects of iron content, photo-damage, chemical oxidation, and aggregate size. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:993-1003. [PMID: 24446774 PMCID: PMC3983346 DOI: 10.1021/jp4107475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast pump-probe measurements can discriminate the two forms of melanin found in biological tissue (eumelanin and pheomelanin), which may be useful for diagnosing and grading melanoma. However, recent work has shown that bound iron content changes eumelanin's pump-probe response, making it more similar to that of pheomelanin. Here we record the pump-probe response of these melanins at a wider range of wavelengths than previous work and show that with shorter pump wavelengths the response crosses over from being dominated by ground-state bleaching to being dominated by excited-state absorption. The crossover wavelength is different for each type of melanin. In our analysis, we found that the mechanism by which iron modifies eumelanin's pump-probe response cannot be attributed to Raman resonances or differences in melanin aggregation and is more likely caused by iron acting to broaden the unit spectra of individual chromophores in the heterogeneous melanin aggregate. We analyze the dependence on optical intensity, finding that iron-loaded eumelanin undergoes irreversible changes to the pump-probe response after intense laser exposure. Simultaneously acquired fluorescence data suggest that the previously reported "activation" of eumelanin fluorescence may be caused in part by the dissociation of metal ions or the selective degradation of iron-containing melanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Oxidative stress, prooxidants, and antioxidants: the interplay. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:761264. [PMID: 24587990 PMCID: PMC3920909 DOI: 10.1155/2014/761264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 896] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a normal phenomenon in the body. Under normal conditions, the physiologically important intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are maintained at low levels by various enzyme systems participating in the in vivo redox homeostasis. Therefore, oxidative stress can also be viewed as an imbalance between the prooxidants and antioxidants in the body. For the last two decades, oxidative stress has been one of the most burning topics among the biological researchers all over the world. Several reasons can be assigned to justify its importance: knowledge about reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production and metabolism; identification of biomarkers for oxidative damage; evidence relating manifestation of chronic and some acute health problems to oxidative stress; identification of various dietary antioxidants present in plant foods as bioactive molecules; and so on. This review discusses the importance of oxidative stress in the body growth and development as well as proteomic and genomic evidences of its relationship with disease development, incidence of malignancies and autoimmune disorders, increased susceptibility to bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases, and an interplay with prooxidants and antioxidants for maintaining a sound health, which would be helpful in enhancing the knowledge of any biochemist, pathophysiologist, or medical personnel regarding this important issue.
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131
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Lin X, Zheng W, Liu J, Zhang Y, Qin H, Wu H, Xue B, Lu Y, Shen P. Oxidative stress in malignant melanoma enhances tumor necrosis factor-α secretion of tumor-associated macrophages that promote cancer cell invasion. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1337-55. [PMID: 23373752 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Malignant melanoma is well known for abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exist in the primary tumor environment. Within this microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play substantial roles in multiple steps of tumor development in terms of tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. We therefore aimed to determine whether this high-level ROS in primary melanoma is capable to promote tumor invasiveness by influencing TAM properties. Moreover, we wanted to further investigate probable underlying mechanisms. RESULTS We characterized malignant melanoma TAMs as a heterogeneous phenotype, which possesses both M1 and M2 markers. We also revealed a role for high-level intracellular ROS in enhancing proinvasion signature of TAMs by strongly increasing their tumor necrosis factor α secretion, which is possibly attributed to ROS-enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) translocation mediated by MAPK/ERK kinase 1. INNOVATION This is the first study demonstrating that high levels of ROS in the primary melanoma environment can influence TAM behaviors. Furthermore, we are also the first to indentify that nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation of PPARγ is significantly upregulated by ROS and responsible for the proinvasiveness capacity of melanoma TAMs. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data describe how a high level of ROS plays a critical role in enhancing the proinvasion characteristic of TAMs in malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhu Lin
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, and Model Animal Research Center (MARC) of Nanjing University, Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
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Burns EM, Tober KL, Riggenbach JA, Kusewitt DF, Young GS, Oberyszyn TM. Differential effects of topical vitamin E and C E Ferulic® treatments on ultraviolet light B-induced cutaneous tumor development in Skh-1 mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63809. [PMID: 23691100 PMCID: PMC3653797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the ever-increasing incidence of ultraviolet light B (UVB)-induced skin cancer, considerable attention is being paid to prevention through the use of both sunscreens and after sun treatments, many of which contain antioxidants. Vitamin E is included as an antioxidant in many sunscreens and lotions currently on the market. Studies examining the efficacy of vitamin E as a topical preventative agent for UVB-induced skin cancer have yielded conflicting results. A likely contributor to differences in study outcome is the stability of vitamin E in the particular formulation being tested. In the current study we examined the effects of topical vitamin E alone as well as vitamin E combined with vitamin C and ferulic acid in a more stable topical formula (C E Ferulic®). Mice were exposed to UVB for 10 weeks in order to induce skin damage. Then, before the appearance of any cutaneous lesions, mice were treated for 15 weeks with a topical antioxidant, without any further UVB exposure. We found that topical C E Ferulic decreased tumor number and tumor burden and prevented the development of malignant skin tumors in female mice with chronically UVB-damaged skin. In contrast, female mice chronically exposed to UVB and treated topically with vitamin E alone showed a trend towards increased tumor growth rate and exhibited increased levels of overall DNA damage, cutaneous proliferation, and angiogenesis compared to vehicle-treated mice. Thus, we have demonstrated that topical 5% alpha tocopherol may actually promote carcinogenesis when applied on chronically UVB-damaged skin while treating with a more stable antioxidant compound may offer therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Burns
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kathleen L. Tober
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Judith A. Riggenbach
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Donna F. Kusewitt
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas, United States of America
| | - Gregory S. Young
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tatiana M. Oberyszyn
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chuang SC, Chen JH. Photooxidation and antioxidant responses in the earthworm Amynthas gracilis exposed to environmental levels of ultraviolet B radiation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 164:429-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Burns EM, Tober KL, Riggenbach JA, Schick JS, Lamping KN, Kusewitt DF, Young GS, Oberyszyn TM. Preventative topical diclofenac treatment differentially decreases tumor burden in male and female Skh-1 mice in a model of UVB-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:370-7. [PMID: 23125227 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) light is the major environmental carcinogen contributing to non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) development. There are over 3.5 million NMSC diagnoses in two million patients annually, with men having a 3-fold greater incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) compared with women. Chronic inflammation has been linked to tumorigenesis, with a key role for the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. Diclofenac, a COX-2 inhibitor and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, currently is prescribed to patients as a short-term therapeutic agent to induce SCC precursor lesion regression. However, its efficacy as a preventative agent in patients without evidence of precursor lesions but with significant UVB-induced cutaneous damage has not been explored. We previously demonstrated in a murine model of UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis that when exposed to equivalent UVB doses, male mice had lower levels of inflammation but developed increased tumor multiplicity, burden and grade compared with female mice. Because of the discrepancy in the degree of inflammation between male and female skin, we sought to determine if topical treatment of previously damaged skin with an anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitor would decrease tumor burden and if it would be equally effective in the sexes. Our results demonstrated that despite observed sex differences in the inflammatory response, prolonged topical diclofenac treatment of chronically UVB-damaged skin effectively reduced tumor multiplicity in both sexes. Unexpectedly, tumor burden was significantly decreased only in male mice. Our data suggest a new therapeutic use for currently available topical diclofenac as a preventative intervention for patients predisposed to cutaneous SCC development before lesions appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Burns
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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135
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Ni Y, Eng C. Vitamin E protects against lipid peroxidation and rescues tumorigenic phenotypes in cowden/cowden-like patient-derived lymphoblast cells with germline SDHx variants. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4954-61. [PMID: 22829200 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cowden syndrome (CS), a Mendelian autosomal-dominant disorder, predisposes to breast, thyroid, and other cancers. Germline variations in succinate dehydrogenase genes (SDHx) occur in approximately 10% PTEN mutation-negative CS and CS-like (CSL) individuals (SDH(var+)). We previously showed that SDHx variants result in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), disruption of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) equilibrium, and destabilization of p53 hence apoptosis resistance in CS/CSL patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells. In the present study, we sought to address the tumorigenic impacts of increased ROS and the potential of protecting SDH(var+) cells with antioxidants. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We measured the lipid peroxidation levels in patient-derived SDH(var+) lymphoblastoid cells and sequenced 74 controls or SDH(var+) germline DNA samples for mitochondrial hypervariable region II (HVRII) polymorphisms. SDH(var+) lymphoblastoid cells were treated with various antioxidants to check p53 expression and sub-G(1) cell population with cell-cycle analysis. RESULTS We showed that elevated ROS results in higher lipid peroxidation in SDH(var+) cells. Accumulation of polymorphisms in mitochondrial HVRII was observed in SDH(var+) samples. Interestingly, α-tocopherol (vitamin E) treatment, but not other antioxidants, rescued SDH(var+) cells from apoptosis resistance and protected SDH(var+) cells from oxidative damage such as decreased lipid peroxidation as well as partially recovered p53 expression and NAD/NADH levels. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that disruption of complex II because of SDHx variants leads to increased ROS generation, specifically accompanied by lipid peroxidation. The lipid soluble antioxidant α-tocopherol can selectively protect SDH(var+) cells from oxidative damage, apoptosis resistance, and rebalance redox metabolites NAD/NADH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ni
- Cleveland Clinic Genomic Medicine Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Darvin ME, Sandhagen C, Koecher W, Sterry W, Lademann J, Meinke MC. Comparison of two methods for noninvasive determination of carotenoids in human and animal skin: Raman spectroscopy versus reflection spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:550-558. [PMID: 22271669 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Based on compelling in vivo and in vitro studies on human skin, carotenoids are thought to be of great interest as powerful antioxidants acting to prevent free-radical-induced damages, including premature skin ageing and the development of skin diseases such as cancer. Among the available techniques that are suitable for noninvasive determination of carotenoids in human skin, are resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) and reflection spectroscopy (RS). For RS, a LED-based miniaturized spectroscopic system (MSS) was developed for noninvasive measurement of carotenoids in human skin. The optimization and subsequent calibration of the MSS was performed with the use of RRS. A strong correlation between the carotenoid concentration determined by the RS and for the RRS system was achieved for human skin in vivo (R = 0.88) and for bovine udder skin in vitro (R = 0.81).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Cutaneous Physiology-CCP, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Liu F, Gomez Garcia AM, Meyskens FL. NADPH oxidase 1 overexpression enhances invasion via matrix metalloproteinase-2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in melanoma cells. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2033-41. [PMID: 22513785 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is a member of the NADPH oxidase family that has not been well characterized in the melanocytic cell lineage. Here we demonstrated that Nox1 and Nox4 were detected in melanocytic lineage, with only Nox1 detected in normal human melanocytes and Nox4 in a subset of metastatic melanoma cell lines. The protein level and enzymatic activity of Nox1 was elevated in all melanoma cells as compared with normal melanocytes. Overexpression of GFP-Nox1 protein in Wm3211 primary melanoma cells increased invasion rate by 4- to 6-fold as measured by Matrigel invasion assay, whereas knocking down or inhibiting Nox1 decreased invasion by approximately 40-60% in Wm3211 and SK-Mel-28 cells. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was increased by Nox1 overexpression at the mRNA, protein, and activity levels, and decreased by Nox1 knockdown. MMP-2 promoter activity was also regulated by Nox1 knockdown. In addition, stable clones overexpressing Nox1 exhibited an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as examined by cell morphology and EMT markers; knockdown or inhibiting Nox1 led to a reversal of EMT. Supplementing MMP-2 to culture media did not induce EMT, suggesting that EMT induction by Nox1 was not through MMP-2 upregulation. In summary, Nox1 was overexpressed in all melanoma cell lines examined, and enhanced cell invasion by MMP-2 upregulation and EMT induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
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138
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Mougiakakos D, Okita R, Ando T, Dürr C, Gadiot J, Ichikawa J, Zeiser R, Blank C, Johansson CC, Kiessling R. High expression of GCLC is associated with malignant melanoma of low oxidative phenotype and predicts a better prognosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:935-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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139
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Kim J, Kim CS, Lee YM, Jo K, Shin SD, Kim JS. Methylglyoxal induces hyperpermeability of the blood–retinal barrier via the loss of tight junction proteins and the activation of matrix metalloproteinases. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 250:691-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-011-1912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Arican O, Ozturk P, Kurutas EB, Unsal V. Status of oxidative stress on lesional skin surface of plantar warts. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:365-9. [PMID: 22221210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Warts are abnormal skin growths caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infections within the skin of the patients. Sometimes the disease is difficult to treatment, and also, the relationship between HPV and some forms of skin cancers is important. The cutaneous oxidative stress status of warts is absent in the literature. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of oxidative stress in affected skin areas in a group of patients with plantar warts. METHODS Thirty-six consecutive patients with a diagnosis of plantar warts were enrolled. The samples were obtained by scraping the skin surface. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured spectrophotometrically at samples. RESULTS The SOD activity was significantly lower, and the MDA level was significantly higher on the lesional area than on the non-lesional area (P < 0.001 for each), and there was no significant difference in the CAT activity between both areas (P = 0.11). CONCLUSION Cutaneous oxidative stress in patients with plantar warts may play a role in pathogenesis of the disease. The addition of topical drugs with antioxidative effects may be valuable in the treatment of warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Arican
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, TurkeyDepartments of Dermatology Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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141
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Antioxidative effects of the spice cardamom against non-melanoma skin cancer by modulating nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and NF-κB signalling pathways. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:984-97. [PMID: 22182368 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511006283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of dietary factors in inhibiting or delaying the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been investigated for many years. Cardamom, which is a dietary phytoproduct, has been commonly used in cuisines for flavour and has numerous health benefits, such as improving digestion and stimulating metabolism and having antitumorigenic effects. We have investigated the efficacy of dietary cardamom against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin papillomatogenesis in Swiss albino mice that closely resembles human NMSC. Mice were grouped into normal wild type (untreated), vehicle-treated (acetone), carcinogen-treated (DMBA), and DMBA and cardamom-treated (DMBA+CARD) to delineate the role of cardamom against DMBA-induced papillomatogenesis. Oral administration of cardamom to DMBA-treated mice up-regulated the phase II detoxification enzymes, such as glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, probably via activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 transcription factor in 'DMBA+CARD' mice. Furthermore, reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were also up-regulated by cardamom in the same 'DMBA+CARD' group of mice compared with DMBA-treated mice. Cardamom ingestion in DMBA-treated mice blocked NF-κB activation and down-regulated cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression. As a consequence, both the size and the number of skin papillomas generated on the skin due to the DMBA treatment were reduced in the 'DMBA+CARD' group. Thus, the results from the present study suggest that cardamom has a potential to become a pivotal chemopreventive agent to prevent papillomagenesis on the skin.
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142
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Hazar-Rethinam M, Endo-Munoz L, Gannon O, Saunders N. The role of the E2F transcription factor family in UV-induced apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:8947-60. [PMID: 22272113 PMCID: PMC3257110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12128947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The E2F transcription factor family is traditionally associated with cell cycle control. However, recent data has shown that activating E2Fs (E2F1-3a) are potent activators of apoptosis. In contrast, the recently cloned inhibitory E2Fs (E2F7 and 8) appear to antagonize E2F-induced cell death. In this review we will discuss (i) the potential role of E2Fs in UV-induced cell death and (ii) the implications of this to the development of UV-induced cutaneous malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehlika Hazar-Rethinam
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland 4102, Australia; E-Mails: (M.H.-R.); (L.E.-M.); (O.G.)
| | - Liliana Endo-Munoz
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland 4102, Australia; E-Mails: (M.H.-R.); (L.E.-M.); (O.G.)
| | - Orla Gannon
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland 4102, Australia; E-Mails: (M.H.-R.); (L.E.-M.); (O.G.)
| | - Nicholas Saunders
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland 4102, Australia; E-Mails: (M.H.-R.); (L.E.-M.); (O.G.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-7-3176-5894; Fax: +61-7-3176-5946
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UV light B-mediated inhibition of skin catalase activity promotes Gr-1+ CD11b+ myeloid cell expansion. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 132:695-702. [PMID: 22030957 PMCID: PMC3270125 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer incidence and mortality are higher in men compared to women, but the causes of this sex discrepancy remain largely unknown. Ultraviolet light exposure induces cutaneous inflammation and neutralizes cutaneous antioxidants. Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells are heterogeneous bone marrow-derived cells that promote inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. Reduced activity of catalase, an antioxidant present within skin, has been associated with skin carcinogenesis. We utilized the outbred, immune competent Skh-1 hairless mouse model of ultraviolet light B (UVB)-induced inflammation and non-melanoma skin cancer to further define sex discrepancies in UVB-induced inflammation. Our results demonstrated that male skin had relatively lower baseline catalase activity, which was inhibited following acute UVB exposure in both sexes. Further analysis revealed that skin catalase activity inversely correlated with splenic Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cell percentage. Acute UVB exposure induced Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cell skin infiltration, which was inhibited to a greater extent in males by topical catalase treatment. In chronic UVB studies, we demonstrated that the percentage of splenic Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells was 55% higher in male tumor-bearing mice compared to their female counterparts. Together, our findings indicate that lower skin catalase activity in male mice may at least in part contribute to increased UVB-induced Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells and subsequent skin carcinogenesis.
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Ismail F, Ikram M, Purdie K, Harwood C, Leigh I, Storey A. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the DNA damage response: pATM expression patterns in pre-malignant and malignant keratinocyte skin lesions. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21271. [PMID: 21747934 PMCID: PMC3128585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that an initial barrier to the emergence of tumours is a DNA damage response that evokes a counter-response which arrests the growth of, or eliminates, damaged cells. Early precursor lesions express markers of an activated DNA damage response in several types of tumour, with a diminishing response in more advanced cancers. An important marker of DNA damage is ATM which becomes phosphorylated (pATM) upon activation. We have investigated pATM expression patterns in cultured keratinocytes, skin explants and a spectrum of pre-malignant to malignant keratinocyte skin lesions by immunohistochemistry. We found that pATM was mainly localised to the Golgi apparatus, which contrasts with its nuclear localisation in other tissues. Upon UV irradiation there is transient formation of pATM in nuclear foci, consistent with recruitment to the sites of DNA damage. By immunohistochemistry we show pATM expression in precancerous keratinocyte lesions is greater and predominantly nuclear when compared to the invasive lesions where pATM is weaker and predominantly cytoplasmic. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the DNA damage response acts as a barrier to cutaneous tumour formation, but also suggests that ATM expression in skin is different compared to other tissues. This may be a consequence of the constant exposure of skin to UVR, and has implications for skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferina Ismail
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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145
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Lademann J, Patzelt A, Schanzer S, Richter H, Meinke MC, Sterry W, Zastrow L, Doucet O, Vergou T, Darvin ME. Uptake of antioxidants by natural nutrition and supplementation: pros and cons from the dermatological point of view. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 24:269-73. [PMID: 21646825 DOI: 10.1159/000328725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pros and cons of the systemic and topical application of antioxidant substances are a subject of intense discussion among experts, with resulting confusion for consumers and producers. The objective of the present article is to clarify the various uncertainties relating to the use of antioxidant substances in dermatology. Whereas inappropriate application of antioxidant substances (concerning their concentration and composition) might induce harmful effects, the consumer will definitively benefit from physiological concentrations and compositions of antioxidants. The most suitable method is the consumption of natural antioxidants in the form of fruit and vegetables, for example. In addition, the skin, which also accumulates antioxidant substances, may profit from a sufficient antioxidative level, as damage induced by sun radiation in addition to skin aging is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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146
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Lo CY, Hsiao WT, Chen XY. Efficiency of Trapping Methylglyoxal by Phenols and Phenolic Acids. J Food Sci 2011; 76:H90-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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147
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Abstract
The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer is increasing every year. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the two major types of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Among other factors, understanding the potential role of nutrients in the development, progression, and treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer is critical. This contribution provides a review of the nutrients that have been more extensively investigated in the literature with regard to nonmelanoma skin cancer, including dietary fats, retinol, carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, selenium, copper, iron, zinc, green tea, and black tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Payette
- Department of Dermatology, MC-6230, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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148
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Lamore SD, Azimian S, Horn D, Anglin BL, Uchida K, Cabello CM, Wondrak GT. The malondialdehyde-derived fluorophore DHP-lysine is a potent sensitizer of UVA-induced photooxidative stress in human skin cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 101:251-64. [PMID: 20724175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven electron and energy transfer involving non-DNA skin chromophores as endogenous photosensitizers induces oxidative stress in UVA-exposed human skin, a process relevant to photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Malondialdehyde is an electrophilic dicarbonyl-species derived from membrane lipid peroxidation. Here, we present experimental evidence suggesting that the malondialdehyde-derived protein epitope dihydropyridine (DHP)-lysine is a potent endogenous UVA-photosensitizer of human skin cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the abundant occurrence of malondialdehyde-derived and DHP-lysine epitopes in human skin. Using the chemically protected dihydropyridine-derivative (2S)-Boc-2-amino-6-(3,5-diformyl-4-methyl-4H-pyridin-1-yl)-hexanoic acid-t-butylester as a model of peptide-bound DHP-lysine, photodynamic inhibition of proliferation and induction of cell death were observed in human skin Hs27 fibroblasts as well as primary and HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to the combined action of UVA and DHP-lysine. DHP-lysine photosensitization induced intracellular oxidative stress, p38 MAPkinase activation, and upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression. Consistent with UVA-driven ROS formation from DHP-lysine, formation of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen was detected in chemical assays, but little protection was achieved using SOD or catalase during cellular photosensitization. In contrast, inclusion of NaN(3) completely abolished DHP-photosensitization. Taken together, these data demonstrate photodynamic activity of DHP-lysine and support the hypothesis that malondialdehyde-derived protein-epitopes may function as endogenous sensitizers of UVA-induced oxidative stress in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Lamore
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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149
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150
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Shapira N. Nutritional approach to sun protection: a suggested complement to external strategies. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:75-86. [PMID: 20137053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of skin cancer despite the use of externally applied sun protection strategies, alongside research showing that nutrients reduce photo-oxidative damage, suggest nutritional approaches could play a beneficial role in skin cancer prevention. Penetrating photo-oxidative ultraviolet A radiation reduces skin and blood antioxidants and damages cell components, including DNA. Dietary antioxidant vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals in addition to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids, and low pro-inflammatory n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, have demonstrated protective properties. The presence of these elements in the traditional Greek-style Mediterranean diet may have contributed to the low rates of melanoma in the Mediterranean region despite high levels of solar radiation. This suggests a potentially relevant model for studying dietary/nutritional supplementation for lifelong internal support of sun-protection mechanisms, which could complement external strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niva Shapira
- Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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