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Müller TE, Nunes MEM, Rodrigues NR, Fontana BD, Hartmann DD, Franco JL, Rosemberg DB. Neurochemical mechanisms underlying acute and chronic ethanol-mediated responses in zebrafish: The role of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104584. [PMID: 31654679 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) is a socially-accepted drug, whose consumption is a risk factor for non-intentional injuries, development of pathologies, and addiction. In the brain, EtOH affects redox signaling and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after acute and chronic exposures. Here, using a high-resolution respirometry assay, we investigated whether changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics play a role in both acute and chronic EtOH-mediated neurochemical responses in zebrafish. For the first time, we showed that acute and chronic EtOH exposures differently affect brain mitochondrial function. Acutely, EtOH stimulated mitochondrial respiration through increased baseline state, CI-mediated OXPHOS, OXPHOS capacity, OXPHOS coupling efficiency, bioenergetic efficiency, and ROX/ETS ratio. Conversely, EtOH chronically decreased baseline respiration, complex I- and II-mediated ETS, as well as increased ROX state and ROX/ETS ratio, which are associated with ROS formation. Overall, we observed that changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics play a role, at least partially, in both acute and chronic effects of EtOH in the zebrafish brain. Moreover, our findings reinforce the face, predictive, and construct validities of zebrafish models to explore the neurochemical bases involved in alcohol abuse and alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talise E Müller
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Mauro E M Nunes
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Campus São Gabriel, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-000, Brazil
| | - Nathane R Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Campus São Gabriel, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-000, Brazil
| | - Barbara D Fontana
- Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK
| | - Diane D Hartmann
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jeferson L Franco
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Campus São Gabriel, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-000, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA, 70458, USA.
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102
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Deda O, Virgiliou C, Orfanidis A, Gika HG. Study of Fecal and Urinary Metabolite Perturbations Induced by Chronic Ethanol Treatment in Mice by UHPLC-MS/MS Targeted Profiling. Metabolites 2019; 9:E232. [PMID: 31623107 PMCID: PMC6836053 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) as a consequence of ethanol chronic consumption could lead to hepatic cirrhosis that is linked to high morbidity and mortality. Disease diagnosis is still very challenging and usually clear findings are obtained in the later stage of ALD. The profound effect of ethanol on metabolism can be depicted using metabolomics; thus, the discovery of novel biomarkers could shed light on the initiation and the progression of the ALD, serving diagnostic purposes. In the present study, Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry HILIC-MS/MS based metabolomics analyisis of urine and fecal samples of C57BL/6 mice of both sexes at two sampling time points was performed, monitoring the effect of eight-week ethanol consumption. The altered hepatic metabolism caused by ethanol consumption induces extensive biochemical perturbations and changes in gut microbiota population on a great scale. Fecal samples were proven to be a suitable specimen for studying ALD since it was more vulnerable to the metabolic changes in comparison to urine samples. The metabolome of male mice was affected on a greater scale than the female metabolome due to ethanol exposure. Precursor small molecules of essential pathways of energy production responded to ethanol exposure. A meaningful correlation between the two studied specimens demonstrated the impact of ethanol in endogenous and symbiome metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Deda
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (KEDEK), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Christina Virgiliou
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (KEDEK), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Amvrosios Orfanidis
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (KEDEK), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Helen G Gika
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (KEDEK), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Krishnasamy Y, Gooz M, Li L, Lemasters JJ, Zhong Z. Role of mitochondrial depolarization and disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 11:190-204. [PMID: 31777643 PMCID: PMC6872485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is poorly understood. Here, relationships between mitochondrial depolarization (mtDepo) and mitochondrial homeostasis were studied in a mouse model of NASH. C57BL/6 mice were fed a Western diet (high fat, fructose and cholesterol) for 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months, and livers were harvested for histology and biochemical analysis. Hepatic mtDepo was evaluated by intravital multiphoton microscopy. After Western diet feeding, mixed hepatic micro- and macrovesicular steatosis and leukocyte infiltration occurred at 2 weeks and continued to increase afterwards. ALT release, mild necrosis, apoptosis, and ballooning degeneration were present at 2 and 6 months. Smooth muscle α-actin expression increased at 2 weeks and longer, and increased collagen-I expression and mild fibrosis occurred at 6 months. After feeding Western diet for 2 weeks and longer, mtDepo appeared in 50-70% hepatocytes, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction at an early stage of NASH. mtDepo can initiate mitophagy, and mitophagic markers increased at 2 and 6 months. Concurrently autophagic processing became impaired. Oxidative phosphorylation proteins, mitochondrial biogenesis signals, and proteins associated with mitochondrial fission and fusion decreased after 2 months and longer of Western diet. Proinflammatory and profibrotic signaling (NLRP3 inflammasome activation, expression of IL-1, osteopontin and TGF-β1) also increased in association with mitochondrial stress/dysfunction after Western diet feeding. Taken together, we show that hepatic mtDepo occurs early in mice fed a Western diet, followed by increased mitophagic burden, suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, and mitochondrial depletion. These novel mitochondrial alterations in NASH most likely play an important role in promoting steatosis, inflammation, and progression to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasodha Krishnasamy
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - John J Lemasters
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC 29425, USA
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Nkpaa KW, Awogbindin IO, Amadi BA, Abolaji AO, Adedara IA, Wegwu MO, Farombi EO. Ethanol Exacerbates Manganese-Induced Neurobehavioral Deficits, Striatal Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis Via Regulation of p53, Caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio-Dependent Pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:135-148. [PMID: 30488170 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of ethanol (EtOH) on manganese (Mn)-induced striatal toxicity in rat by evaluating the neurobehavioral changes, biochemical and molecular events in rats exposed to Mn alone at 30 mg/kg, or their combination with EtOH at 1.25- and 5-g/kg body weight for 35 consecutive days. Locomotive and exploratory profiles were assessed using a video tracking software (ANY-Maze software) during a 5-min trial in a novel environment. Subsequently, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress markers, histological morphology, and expression of apoptotic proteins (p53 and Bax and caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) were assessed in the striatum. Results showed that Mn, EtOH, and their combination induced locomotor and motor deficits. Track plot analysis indicated that EtOH exacerbated the Mn-induced reduction in exploratory profiles of exposed rats. Similarly, exposure of rats to Mn, EtOH, or combination of Mn and EtOH resulted in decreased activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, diminished level of reduced glutathione, downregulated Bcl-2 expression, increased AChE activity, enhanced hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels, and upregulated expressions of p53, Bax, and caspase-3. Moreover, potentiation of Mn-induced striatal toxicity by EtOH co-exposure was dose dependent. Taken together, it seems that EtOH exacerbates Mn-induced neurobehavioral deficits, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induction via the regulation of p53, caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio-dependent pathway in rat striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kpobari W Nkpaa
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Ifeoluwa O Awogbindin
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin A Amadi
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Amos O Abolaji
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Matthew O Wegwu
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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105
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Bogenpohl JW, Smith ML, Farris SP, Dumur CI, Lopez MF, Becker HC, Grant KA, Miles MF. Cross-Species Co-analysis of Prefrontal Cortex Chronic Ethanol Transcriptome Responses in Mice and Monkeys. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:197. [PMID: 31456662 PMCID: PMC6701453 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent extensive genomic and genetic studies on behavioral responses to ethanol, relatively few new therapeutic targets for the treatment of alcohol use disorder have been validated. Here, we describe a cross-species genomic approach focused on identifying gene networks associated with chronic ethanol consumption. To identify brain mechanisms underlying a chronic ethanol consumption phenotype highly relevant to human alcohol use disorder, and to elucidate potential future therapeutic targets, we conducted a genomic study in a non-human primate model of chronic open-access ethanol consumption. Microarray analysis of RNA expression in anterior cingulate and subgenual cortices from rhesus macaques was performed across multiple cohorts of animals. Gene networks correlating with ethanol consumption or showing enrichment for ethanol-regulated genes were identified, as were major ethanol-related hub genes within these networks. A subsequent consensus module analysis was used to co-analyze monkey data with expression data from a chronic intermittent ethanol vapor-exposure and consumption model in C57BL/6J mice. Ethanol-related gene networks conserved between primates and rodents were enriched for genes involved in discrete biological functions, including; myelination, synaptic transmission, chromatin modification, Golgi apparatus function, translation, cellular respiration, and RNA processing. The myelin-related network, in particular, showed strong correlations with ethanol consumption behavior and displayed marked network reorganization between control and ethanol-drinking animals. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed that these networks also showed highly significant overlap with other ethanol-regulated gene sets. Altogether, these studies provide robust primate and rodent cross-species validation of gene networks associated with chronic ethanol consumption. Our results also suggest potential novel focal points for future therapeutic interventions in alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Bogenpohl
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, United States
| | - Maren L Smith
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Sean P Farris
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Catherine I Dumur
- Aurora Diagnostics-Sonic Healthcare, Bernhardt Laboratories, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Marcelo F Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Howard C Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kathleen A Grant
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Michael F Miles
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,VCU Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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106
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Al Kury LT, Zeb A, Abidin ZU, Irshad N, Malik I, Alvi AM, Khalil AAK, Ahmad S, Faheem M, Khan AU, Shah FA, Li S. Neuroprotective effects of melatonin and celecoxib against ethanol-induced neurodegeneration: a computational and pharmacological approach. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:2715-2727. [PMID: 31447548 PMCID: PMC6683968 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s207310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Melatonin and celecoxib are antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents that exert protective effects in different experimental models. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of melatonin and celecoxib were demonstrated against ethanol-induced neuronal injury by in silico, morphological, and biochemical approaches. METHODS For the in silico study, 3-D structures were constructed and docking analysis performed. For in vivo studies, rats were treated with ethanol, melatonin, and celecoxib. Brain samples were collected for biochemical and morphological analysis. RESULTS Homology modeling was performed to build 3-D structures for IL1β), TNFα, TLR4, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Structural refinement was achieved via molecular dynamic simulation and processed for docking and postdocking analysis. Further in vivo experiments showed that ethanol induced marked neuronal injury characterized by downregulated glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, and upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase. Additionally, ethanol increased the expression of TNFα and IL1β. Finally, neuronal apoptosis was demonstrated in ethanol-intoxicated animals using caspase 3 and activated JNK staining. On the other hand, melatonin and celecoxib treatment ameliorated the biochemical and immunohistochemical alterations induced by ethanol. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that ethanol induced neurodegeneration by activating inflammatory and apoptotic proteins in rat brain, while melatonin and celecoxib may protect rat brain by downregulating inflammatory and apoptotic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina T Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ul Abidin
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Irshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Malik
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arooj Mohsin Alvi
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Faheem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen518055, People’s Republic of China
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107
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Cao P, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Sullivan MA, He Z, Wang J, Chen Z, Hu H, Wang K. The Preventative Effects of Procyanidin on Binge Ethanol-Induced Lipid Accumulation and ROS Overproduction via the Promotion of Hepatic Autophagy. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801255. [PMID: 31336037 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Autophagy plays an important role in alleviating alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In this study, it is discovered that a dimer procyanidin (DPC) significantly prevented ALD by promoting hepatic autophagy. METHODS AND RESULTS Both cell and animal disease models stimulated by excessive ethanol are employed to evaluate the protective actions of DPC. Specifically, in vitro, DPC significantly decreased intracellular lipid deposition, diminished reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and elevated the level of mitochondrial membrane potential. These beneficial effects can be remarkably blocked by 3-methyladenine, a potent autophagy inhibitor, suggesting the autophagy-dependent protective role of DPC. In vivo, DPC pretreatment can also significantly reduce lipid accumulation, ROS overproduction, and elevated GSH content in the liver. Similarly, these protective effects of DPC can be partially reversed by chloroquine, a lysosomal inhibitor used to block the late-stage autophagy flux. Moreover, the determinations of LC3 and p62 protein expressions, autophagic flux assessments, and transmission electron microscopy observation further demonstrate the pro-autophagic effect of DPC. CONCLUSIONS DPC may activate hepatic autophagy to eliminate lipid droplets and damaged mitochondria, thereby reducing hepatic lipid disposition and ROS overproduction. This study demonstrates that DPC is a protective reagent on ALD, providing a novel strategy of fighting ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, The Translational Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Zihao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zehong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kaiping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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108
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Nkpaa KW, Adedara IA, Amadi BA, Wegwu MO, Farombi EO. Ethanol via Regulation of NF-κB/p53 Signaling Pathway Increases Manganese-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in Hypothalamus of Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:101-108. [PMID: 30284675 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The diet is a major route of manganese (Mn) exposure for humans. Interestingly, several epidemiological data demonstrated an increase in the incidence of alcohol consumption globally. Chemical-chemical interaction subsequent to chemical mixtures exposure may result in a synergism or antagonism effects. The present study investigated the influence of co-exposure to ethanol (EtOH) and Mn on inflammation and apoptosis in the hypothalamus of rats. The study consisted of five groups of rats that were exposed to drinking water alone, EtOH alone at 5 g/kg, Mn alone at 30 mg/kg or co-expose with EtOH at 1.25 and 5 g/kg body weight by oral gavage for 35 consecutive days. The results indicated that the significant (p < 0.05) increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in the hypothalamus following individual exposure to Mn and EtOH to rats were intensified in the co-exposure group. Moreover, immunohistochemistry analysis showed marked decrease in B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein expression as well as the increases in the apoptotic proteins, namely Bax and caspase-3 along with p53 in the hypothalamus of rats treated with Mn or EtOH alone were intensified in the co-exposure group. Taken together, these findings highlight that EtOH exacerbated the induction of inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers via regulation of NF-κB/p53 signaling pathways in the hypothalamus of rats. These alterations may have profound disrupting effects on the hypothalamus functions such as impairment of it metabolic and autonomic nervous system functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kpobari W Nkpaa
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin A Amadi
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Matthew O Wegwu
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Hasan W, Kori RK, Thakre K, Yadav RS, Jat D. Synthesis, characterization and efficacy of mitochondrial targeted delivery of TPP-curcumin in rotenone-induced toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:557-570. [PMID: 31264184 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial impairments due to free radicals are implicated in a wide range of neurotoxicological alterations. Curcumin, an active ingredient of turmeric has shown protective efficacy against oxidative damage due to its strong antioxidant potential, but its efficiency is restricted due to low bioavailability in the mitochondria. In view of this, we have synthesized mitochondria-targeted curcumin (MTC) with an aim to investigate its efficacy against rotenone-induced oxidative damage in mice and isolated mitochondria. METHODS MTC was synthesized by attaching the triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP) as a cationic carrier to the curcumin to assess its protective efficacy in rotenone-induced in-vitro and in-vivo toxicity in mice. RESULTS In-vitro treatment of rotenone in isolated mitochondria caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (2.74 fold, 3.62 fold), protein carbonyl contents (2.62 fold, 1.81 fold), and decrease in levels of reduced glutathione (2.02 fold, 1.70 fold) as compared to control. Pre-treatment of curcumin and MTC along with rotenone in the isolated mitochondria significantly reduce the oxidative stress as compared to those treated with rotenone alone. Rotenone treatment in mice significantly increased lipid peroxidation (2.02 fold) and decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (2.99 fold), superoxide dismutase (2.09 fold) and catalase (3.60 fold) in the liver as compared to controls. Co-treatment of curcumin and MTC along with rotenone significantly reduced lipid peroxidation (1.26 fold, 1.76 fold) and increased the levels of reduced glutathione (1.60 fold, 2.43 fold), superoxide dismutase (1.45 fold, 1.99 fold) and catalase (2.32 fold, 2.90 fold) as compared to those treated with rotenone alone. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that the protective efficacy of MTC against rotenone-induced oxidative damage was more promising than curcumin in both in-vitro and in-vivo system which indicates the enhanced bioavailability of MTC. Graphical abstract Effect of mitochondrial targeted delivery of TPP-curcumin in rotenone-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whidul Hasan
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kori
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Khilashwar Thakre
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Rajesh Singh Yadav
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Deepali Jat
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
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110
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Choi WM, Kim MH, Jeong WI. Functions of hepatic non-parenchymal cells in alcoholic liver disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zavodnik I, Buko V, Lukivskaya O, Lapshina E, Ilyich T, Belonovskaya E, Kirko S, Naruta E, Kuzmitskaya I, Budryn G, Zyzelevicz D, Orach J, Zakrzeska A, Kiryukhina L. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) peel polyphenol-rich extract attenuates rat liver mitochondria impairments in alcoholic steatohepatitis in vivo and after oxidative treatment in vitro. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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112
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Zhang X, Wu X, Hu Q, Wu J, Wang G, Hong Z, Ren J. Mitochondrial DNA in liver inflammation and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2019; 236:116464. [PMID: 31078546 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The function of liver is highly dependent on mitochondria producing ATP for biosynthetic and detoxifying properties. Accumulating evidence indicates that most hepatic disorders are characterized by profound mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only exhibits mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and depletion, but also releases mtDNA. mtDNA is a closed circular molecule encoding 13 of the polypeptides of the oxidative phosphorylation system. Extensive mtDNA lesions could exacerbate mitochondrial oxidative stress and subsequently cause damage to hepatocytes. When mtDNA leaves the confines of mitochondria to the cytosolic and extracellular environment, it can act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to trigger the inflammatory response through the Toll-like receptor 9, inflammasomes, and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathways and further exacerbate hepatocellular damage and even remote organs injury. In addition, mtDNA also plays a vital role in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we describe mtDNA alterations during liver injury, focusing on the mechanisms of mtDNA-mediated liver inflammation and oxidative stress injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Zhang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, PR China; Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, PR China; Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, PR China.
| | - Qiongyuan Hu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, PR China; Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, PR China; Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Gefei Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, PR China; Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Zhiwu Hong
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, PR China; Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, PR China; Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, PR China.
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- Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, PR China
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Chronic Alcohol Exposure Induced Neuroapoptosis: Diminishing Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Aralia elata. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7849876. [PMID: 31210848 PMCID: PMC6532276 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7849876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An ethyl acetate fraction from Aralia elata (AEEF) was investigated to confirm its neuronal cell protective effect on ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in MC-IXC cells and its ameliorating effect on neurodegeneration in chronic alcohol-induced mice. The neuroprotective effect was examined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assays. As a result, AEEF reduced alcohol-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. To evaluate the improvement of learning, memory ability, and spatial cognition, Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests were conducted. The AEEF groups showed an alleviation of the decrease in cognitive function in alcohol-treated mice. Then, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) content were measured to evaluate the antioxidant effect of AEEF in the brain tissue. Treatment with AEEF showed a considerable ameliorating effect on biomarkers such as SOD and MDA content in alcohol-induced mice. To assess the cerebral cholinergic system involved in neuronal signaling, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (ACh) content were measured. The AEEF groups showed increased ACh levels and decreased AChE activities. In addition, AEEF prevented alcohol-induced neuronal apoptosis via improvement of mitochondrial activity, including reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate content. AEEF inhibited apoptotic signals by regulating phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau). Finally, the bioactive compounds of AEEF were identified as caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA), and chikusetsusaponin IVa using the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS system.
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Tapia-Rojas C, Torres AK, Quintanilla RA. Adolescence binge alcohol consumption induces hippocampal mitochondrial impairment that persists during the adulthood. Neuroscience 2019; 406:356-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Grochowski C, Blicharska E, Baj J, Mierzwińska A, Brzozowska K, Forma A, Maciejewski R. Serum iron, Magnesium, Copper, and Manganese Levels in Alcoholism: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2019; 24:E1361. [PMID: 30959950 PMCID: PMC6480471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to review recent literature (from 2000 onwards) and summarize the newest findings on fluctuations in the concentration of some essential macro- and microelements in those patients with a history of chronic alcohol abuse. The focus was mainly on four elements which the authors found of particular interest: Iron, magnesium, copper, and manganese. After independently reviewing over 50 articles, the results were consistent with regard to iron and magnesium. On the other hand, data were limited, and in some cases contradictory, as far as copper and manganese were concerned. Iron overload and magnesium deficiency are two common results of an excessive and prolonged consumption of alcohol. An increase in the levels of iron can be seen both in the serum and within the cells, hepatocytes in particular. This is due to a number of factors: Increased ferritin levels, lower hepcidin levels, as well as some fluctuations in the concentration of the TfR receptor for transferrin, among others. Hypomagnesemia is universally observed among those suffering from alcoholism. Again, the causes for this are numerous and include malnutrition, drug abuse, respiratory alkalosis, and gastrointestinal problems, apart from the direct influence of excessive alcohol intake. Unfortunately, studies regarding the levels of both copper and manganese in the case of (alcoholic) liver disease are scarce and often contradictory. Still, the authors have attempted to summarize and give a thorough insight into the literature available, bearing in mind the difficulties involved in the studies. Frequent comorbidities and mutual relationships between the elements in question are just some of the complications in the study of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Grochowski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Analitical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Mierzwińska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (K.B.); aforma@o2pl (A.F.)
| | - Karolina Brzozowska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (K.B.); aforma@o2pl (A.F.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (K.B.); aforma@o2pl (A.F.)
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
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Bisen S, Kakhniashvili D, Johnson DL, Bukiya AN. Proteomic Analysis of Baboon Cerebral Artery Reveals Potential Pathways of Damage by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:294-307. [PMID: 30413562 PMCID: PMC6356072 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most widely misused substances in the world. Alcohol consumption by pregnant women often results in an array of fetal developmental abnormalities, but the damage to the fetus by alcohol remains poorly understood. The limited knowledge regarding the molecular targets of alcohol in the developing fetus constitutes one of the major obstacles in developing effective pharmacological interventions that could prevent fetal damage after alcohol consumption by pregnant women. The fetal cerebral artery is emerging as an important mediator of fetal cerebral damage by maternal alcohol drinking. In the present work, we conduct proteomics analysis of cerebral (basilar) artery lysates of near-term fetal baboons to search for protein targets of fetal alcohol exposure. Our study demonstrates that 3 episodes of binge alcohol exposure during the second trimester-equivalent of human pregnancy are sufficient to render profound changes in fetal cerebral artery proteome. These changes persisted, as they were detected in near-term fetuses. In particular, the relative abundance of 238 proteins differed significantly between control and alcohol-exposed fetuses. Enrichment analysis pointed at the group of metabolic activity proteins as a major class targeted by alcohol. Western blotting confirmed upregulation of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 family member A1 (ALDH6A1) in cerebral artery lysates from alcohol-exposed fetuses. This upregulation translated to greater ALDH activity of cerebral artery lysate of near-term fetuses following prenatal alcohol exposure when compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivantika Bisen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas St., #205, Memphis, TN, 38103
| | - David Kakhniashvili
- Proteomics Core, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas St., #110, Memphis, TN, 38103
| | - Daniel L Johnson
- Molecular Bioinformatics Core, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas St., #110, Memphis, TN, 38103
| | - Anna N Bukiya
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas St., #205, Memphis, TN, 38103;.
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Motaghinejad M, Safari S, Feizipour S, Sadr S. Crocin may be useful to prevent or treatment of alcohol induced neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral sequels via modulation of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK signaling pathway. Med Hypotheses 2019; 124:21-25. [PMID: 30798909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral consequences of alcohol are serious and offering therapeutic approaches for management of these types of neurodegeneration is one of the main concerns of researchers in this manner. Alcohol-stimulated oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation, with modulation of involved signaling pathway in neuroprotection, was reported previously. Neuroprotective strategy for management of alcohol induced neurodegeneration through a new generation neuroprotective agent and based on modulation of some neuroprotective signaling pathway such as CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK has always been superior to any other therapeutic interventions. Therefore, the introduction and development of potential new neuroprotective properties and clarification of their effects on major cell signaling such as CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK is necessitated. During recent years, using new neuroprotective compounds with therapeutic probability for treatment of alcohol induced neuro-biochemical and neuro-behavioral malicious effects have been amazingly increased. Many previous studies have reported the neuroprotective roles of crocin (major active component of saffron) in multiple neurodegenerative events and diseases in animal model. But the role of crocin neuroprotective effects against alcohol induced neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral sequels and also role of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK in this manner remain unclear. Hence we hypothesized that by using crocin in alcohol dependent subject it would provide neuroprotection against alcohol induced neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral and probably can manage sequels of alcohol abuses. Also we hypothesized that crocin, via intonation of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK signaling pathway, can inhibit alcohol induced neurodegeneration. In this article, we tried to discuss our hypothesis regarding the possible role of crocin, as a potent neuroprotective agent, and also role of Akt/GSK and CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in treatment of alcohol induced neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral through its anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative stress and cognitive enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Motaghinejad
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Iran Psychiatric Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Safari
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Feizipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Sadr
- Research and Development Department, Parsian-Exir-Aria pharmaceutical Company, Tehran, Iran
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Cavanagh RJ, Smith PA, Stolnik S. Exposure to a Nonionic Surfactant Induces a Response Akin to Heat-Shock Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Implications for Excipients Safety. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:618-631. [PMID: 30608696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amphipathic, nonionic, surfactants are widely used in pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural industry to enhance product features; as pharmaceutical excipients, they are also aimed at increasing cell membrane permeability and consequently improving oral drugs absorption. Here, we report on the concentration- and time-dependent succession of events occurring throughout and subsequent exposure of Caco-2 epithelium to a "typical" nonionic surfactant (Kolliphor HS15) to provide a molecular explanation for nonionic surfactant cytotoxicity. The study shows that the conditions of surfactant exposure, which increase plasma membrane fluidity and permeability, produced rapid (within 5 min) redox and mitochondrial effects. Apoptosis was triggered early during exposure (within 10 min) and relied upon an initial mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization (5-10 min) as a crucial step, leading to its subsequent depolarization and caspase-3/7 activation (60 min). The apoptotic pathway appears to be triggered prior to substantial surfactant-induced membrane damage (observed ≥60 min). We hence propose that the cellular response to the model nonionic surfactant is triggered via surfactant-induced increase in plasma membrane fluidity, a phenomenon akin to the stress response to membrane fluidization induced by heat shock, and consequent apoptosis. Therefore, the fluidization effect that confers surfactants the ability to enhance drug permeability may also be intrinsically linked to the propagation of their cytotoxicity. The reported observations have important implications for the safety of a multitude of nonionic surfactants used in drug delivery formulations and to other permeability enhancing compounds with similar plasma membrane fluidizing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Cavanagh
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Smith
- School of Life Science , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Snow Stolnik
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
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119
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Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) is the third most common preventable cause for disease burden and mortality in the US. AALD, including alcoholic hepatitis (AH), contributes to half of admissions from decompensated liver disease and 20% of all liver transplants in the US. Peripheral blood cells contribute to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and fibrosis in AALD and AH. Alcohol dysregulates function of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and tissue macrophages of the innate immune system. These alterations in turn can modulate adaptive immune responses. In this review, we describe these disruptive effects of alcohol on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and focus on cellular-based emerging biomarkers on diagnosis and prognosis of patients with AALD and AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani K. Singal
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shannon M. Bailey
- †Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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120
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Li Q, Yang Y, Liu Y. Over-Expression of ATPase II Alleviates Ethanol-Induced Hepatocyte Injury in HL-7702 Cells. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8372-8382. [PMID: 30457983 PMCID: PMC6256429 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive alcohol consumption can cause hepatocellular injury. ATPase II (ATP8A1) can display an ATP-dependent phospholipid translocase activity. However, the function of ATP8A1 in hepatocyte injury is still unclear. In the present study we explored the effect of ATP8A1 on ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury. Material/Method A human hepatocyte strain, HL-7702, was pretreated by ethanol with gradient concentration for 2, 4, 8, and 12 h, and were then divided into 6 groups after the cells were transfected. We detected cell viability by use of the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis rate, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured using flow cytometry. We used quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot to measure the mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Results Ethanol inhibited the viability of HL-7702 cells and suppressed the expression of ATP8A1 in dose- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, over-expression of ATP8A1 reduced the level of ROS and the apoptosis rate and recovered the MMP. Additionally, over-expressed ATP8A1 regulated the protein and mRNA levels of apoptosis-related molecules. Moreover, over-expression of ATP8A1 enhanced the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt). Conclusions Over-expression of ATP8A1 alleviated ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury. Moreover, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway appears to participate in inhibition of ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and may provide a candidate target for the treatment of alcoholic liver diseases (ALD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China (mainland)
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121
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Zhong Z, Lemasters JJ. A Unifying Hypothesis Linking Hepatic Adaptations for Ethanol Metabolism to the Proinflammatory and Profibrotic Events of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2072-2089. [PMID: 30132924 PMCID: PMC6214771 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains poorly understood but is likely a multihit pathophysiological process. Here, we propose a hypothesis of how early mitochondrial adaptations for alcohol metabolism lead to ALD pathogenesis. Acutely, ethanol (EtOH) feeding causes a near doubling of hepatic EtOH metabolism and oxygen consumption within 2 to 3 hours. This swift increase in alcohol metabolism (SIAM) is an adaptive response to hasten metabolic elimination of both EtOH and its more toxic metabolite, acetaldehyde (AcAld). In association with SIAM, EtOH causes widespread hepatic mitochondrial depolarization (mtDepo), which stimulates oxygen consumption. In parallel, voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC) in the mitochondrial outer membrane close. Together, VDAC closure and respiratory stimulation promote selective and more rapid oxidation of EtOH first to AcAld in the cytosol and then to nontoxic acetate in mitochondria, since membrane-permeant AcAld does not require VDAC to enter mitochondria. VDAC closure also inhibits mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and ATP release, promoting steatosis and a decrease in cytosolic ATP. After acute EtOH, these changes revert as EtOH is eliminated with little hepatocellular cytolethality. mtDepo also stimulates mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). After chronic high EtOH exposure, the capacity to process depolarized mitochondria by mitophagy becomes compromised, leading to intra- and extracellular release of damaged mitochondria, mitophagosomes, and/or autolysosomes containing mitochondrial damage-associated molecular pattern (mtDAMP) molecules. mtDAMPs cause inflammasome activation and promote inflammatory and profibrogenic responses, causing hepatitis and fibrosis. We propose that persistence of mitochondrial responses to EtOH metabolism becomes a tipping point, which links initial adaptive EtOH metabolism to maladaptive changes initiating onset and progression of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhong
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and
| | - John J. Lemasters
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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122
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Molina PE, Simon L, Amedee AM, Welsh DA, Ferguson TF. Impact of Alcohol on HIV Disease Pathogenesis, Comorbidities and Aging: Integrating Preclinical and Clinical Findings. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 53:439-447. [PMID: 29546271 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Short Summary : Effective combined antiretroviral therapy regimens have extended survival of persons living with HIV (PLWH). Heavy alcohol consumption is common in PLWH. This overview integrates evidence from clinical and preclinical research to identify salient alcohol-related mechanisms and comorbidities contributing to disease pathogenesis and accelerated aging and senescence in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E Molina
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, LSUHSC, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Liz Simon
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, LSUHSC, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Angela M Amedee
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, LSUHSC, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, LSUHSC, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tekeda F Ferguson
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, LSUHSC, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA, USA
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Naghdi S, Slovinsky WS, Madesh M, Rubin E, Hajnóczky G. Mitochondrial fusion and Bid-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis are perturbed by alcohol with distinct dependence on its metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1028. [PMID: 30301883 PMCID: PMC6177459 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stressors like ethanol (EtOH) commonly target mitochondria to influence the cell’s fate. Recent literature supports that chronic EtOH exposure suppresses mitochondrial dynamics, central to quality control, and sensitizes mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening to promote cell death. EtOH-induced tissue injury is primarily attributed to its toxic metabolic products but alcoholism also impairs tissues that poorly metabolize EtOH. We embarked on studies to determine the respective roles of EtOH and its metabolites in mitochondrial fusion and tBid-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. We used HepG2 cells that do not metabolize EtOH and its engineered clone that expresses EtOH-metabolizing Cytochrome P450 E2 and alcohol dehydrogenase (VL-17A cells). We found that fusion impairment by prolonged EtOH exposure was prominent in VL-17A cells, probably owing to reactive oxygen species increase in the mitochondrial matrix. There was no change in fusion protein abundance, mitochondrial membrane potential or Ca2+ uptake. By contrast, prolonged EtOH exposure promoted tBid-induced outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cell death only in HepG2 cells, owing to enhanced Bak oligomerization. Thus, mitochondrial fusion inhibition by EtOH is dependent on its metabolites, whereas sensitization to tBid-induced death is mediated by EtOH itself. This difference is of pathophysiological relevance because of the tissue-specific differences in EtOH metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Naghdi
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William S Slovinsky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emanuel Rubin
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Zakhari S, Hoek JB. Epidemiology of Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer: Association or Causation? Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E349. [PMID: 30249004 PMCID: PMC6210419 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have been used to show associations between modifiable lifestyle habits and the incidence of breast cancer. Among such factors, a history of alcohol use has been reported in multiple studies and meta-analyses over the past decades. However, associative epidemiological studies that were interpreted as evidence that even moderate alcohol consumption increases breast cancer incidence have been controversial. In this review, we consider the literature on the relationship between moderate or heavy alcohol use, both in possible biological mechanisms and in variations in susceptibility due to genetic or epigenetic factors. We argue that there is a need to incorporate additional approaches to move beyond the associations that are reported in traditional epidemiological analyses and incorporate information on molecular pathologic signatures as a requirement to posit causal inferences. In particular, we point to the efforts of the transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) to evaluate possible causal relationships, if any, of alcohol consumption and breast cancer. A wider application of the principles of MPE to this field would constitute a giant step that could enhance our understanding of breast cancer and multiple modifiable risk factors, a step that would be particularly suited to the era of "personalized medicine".
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Zakhari
- Science Office, Distilled Spirits Council, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Sun J, Fu J, Zhong Y, Li L, Chen C, Wang X, Wang L, Hou Y, Wang H, Zhao R, Zhang X, Yamamoto M, Xu Y, Pi J. NRF2 mitigates acute alcohol-induced hepatic and pancreatic injury in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:495-503. [PMID: 30248482 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Binge alcohol drinking is an important health concern and well-known risk factor for the development of numerous disorders. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute alcoholism. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of cellular adaptive response to oxidative insults. However, the role of NRF2 in acute alcoholism and associated pathologies remains unclear. We found that Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-KO) mice had exaggerated hypoglycemia and hypothermia and increased mortality compared to wildtype mice after binge ethanol exposure. This phenotype was partially rescued by providing warm environment and/or glucose administration. Acute high dose of alcohol exposure resulted in substantially worsened liver and pancreatic injuries in Nrf2-KO mice. Importantly, deficiency of Nrf2 allowed severe pancreatitis and pancreatic β-cell injury with increased insulin secretion and/or leaking during binge ethanol exposure, which contributed to hypoglycemia. In contrast, a clinically used NRF2 activator dimethyl fumarate (DMF) protected against hypoglycemia and lethality induced by acute ethanol exposure. Furthermore, Nrf2-KO mice likely had defective hepatic acetaldehyde metabolism. Taken together, NRF2 plays an important protective role against acute binge alcohol-induced hepatic and pancreatic damage, which may be partially attributable to its primary regulating role in antioxidant response and impact on ethanol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Yang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Yongyong Hou
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Xixuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
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Zhang D, Tong X, Nelson BB, Jin E, Sit J, Charney N, Yang M, Omary MB, Yin L. The hepatic BMAL1/AKT/lipogenesis axis protects against alcoholic liver disease in mice via promoting PPARα pathway. Hepatology 2018; 68:883-896. [PMID: 29534306 PMCID: PMC6428639 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol liver disease (ALD) is one of the major chronic liver diseases worldwide, ranging from fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and potentially, hepatocellular carcinoma. Epidemiological studies suggest a potential link between ALD and impaired circadian rhythms, but the role of hepatic circadian proteins in the pathogenesis of ALD remains unknown. Here we show that the circadian clock protein BMAL1 in hepatocytes is both necessary and sufficient to protect mice from ALD. Ethanol diet-fed mice with liver-specific knockout (Bmal1-LKO) or depletion of Bmal1 develop more severe liver steatosis and injury as well as a simultaneous suppression of both de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which can be rescued by the supplementation of synthetic PPARα ligands. Restoring de novo lipogenesis in the liver of Bmal1-LKO mice by constitutively active AKT not only elevates hepatic fatty acid oxidation but also alleviates ethanol-induced fatty liver and liver injury. Furthermore, hepatic over-expression of lipogenic transcription factor ChREBP, but not SREBP-1c, in the liver of Bmal1-LKO mice also increases fatty acid oxidation and partially reduces ethanol-induced fatty liver and liver injury. Conclusion: we identified a protective role of BMAL1 in hepatocytes against ALD. The protective action of BMAL1 during alcohol consumption depends on its ability to couple ChREBP-induced de novo lipogenesis with PPARα-mediated fatty oxidation. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bradley B Nelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ethan Jin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Julian Sit
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nicholas Charney
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Meichan Yang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Duplanty AA, Simon L, Molina PE. Chronic Binge Alcohol-Induced Dysregulation of Mitochondrial-Related Genes in Skeletal Muscle of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques at End-Stage Disease. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 52:298-304. [PMID: 28069597 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Alcohol use disorders are more prevalent in HIV patients than the general population. Both chronic alcohol consumption and HIV infection have been linked to mitochondrial dysregulation; and this is considered an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of muscle myopathy. This study investigated if chronic binge alcohol (CBA) administration impairs the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial homeostasis in SIV-infected macaques. Methods Male rhesus macaques were administered daily CBA (to achieve peak blood alcohol concentrations of 50-60 mM within 2 h after start of infusion) or sucrose (SUC) intragastrically 3 months prior to intravenous SIVmac251 inoculation and continued until macaques met criteria for end-stage disease. Skeletal muscle (SKM) samples were obtained at necropsy. Muscle samples were obtained from a cohort of healthy uninfected macaque controls and used for comparison of analyzed variables. Total RNA was extracted and gene expression was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The relative expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 beta (PGC-1β) was significantly decreased in the SKM of CBA/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) macaques compared to uninfected controls (P < 0.05). SIV infection resulted in a significant upregulation (P < 0.05) of mitophagy-related gene expression, which was prevented by CBA. CBA suppressed expression of anti-apoptotic genes and increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that SIV infection disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and when combined with CBA, results in differential expression of genes involved in apoptotic signaling. We speculate that impaired mitochondrial homeostasis may contribute to the underlying pathophysiology of alcoholic and HIV/AIDS associated myopathy. Short summary This study investigated if CBA administration dysregulates gene expression associated with mitochondrial homeostasis in the SKM of SIV-infected macaques. The results suggest that SIV infection disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and when combined with CBA, results in differential expression of genes involved in apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Duplanty
- Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Sun J, Fu J, Li L, Chen C, Wang H, Hou Y, Xu Y, Pi J. Nrf2 in alcoholic liver disease. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 357:62-69. [PMID: 30165058 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of liver disorders and a major health issue globally. ALD refers to a spectrum of liver pathologies ranging from steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Various mechanisms, including oxidative stress, protein and DNA modification, inflammation and impaired lipid metabolism, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ALD. Further, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in particular, have been identified as a key component in the initiation and progression of ALD. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of the intracellular adaptive antioxidant response to oxidative stress, and aids in the detoxification of a variety of toxicants. Given its cytoprotective role, Nrf2 has been extensively studied as a therapeutic target for ALD. Paradoxically, however, emerging evidence have revealed that Nrf2 may be implicated in the progression of ALD. In this review, we summarize the role of Nrf2 in the development of ALD and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Clearly, more comprehensive studies with proper animal and cell models and in human are needed to verify the potential therapeutic role of Nrf2 in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China.
| | - Lu Li
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Yongyong Hou
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Zhan C, Chen G, Sun J. Label‑free quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses of alcoholic liver disease in a chronic and binge mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2079-2087. [PMID: 29956796 PMCID: PMC6072164 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has been widely investigated. However, little is known about the underlying metabolic mechanisms involved in the complicated pathological processes of ALD. The present study used label‑free quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses to investigate the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and their functions in the livers of alcohol‑feed (AF) and control pair‑feed (PF) mice. As a result, 87 upregulated DEPs and 133 downregulated DEPs were identified in AF liver tissues compared with PF livers. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that the DEPs were significantly enriched in 'protein binding', 'metabolism', 'signal conduction' and 'immune response'. The expression of several core proteins including thyroid hormone receptor interactor 12 (TRIP12), NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)1 α subcomplex, assembly factor 3 (NDUFAF3) and guanine monophosphate synthetase (GMPS) was validated by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) in a larger series of samples. The RT‑qPCR results confirmed that TRIP12, NDUFAF3 and GMPS genes were significantly differentially expressed in between the AF and PF samples. These results extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of ALD. The present study indicated that the majority of DEPs serve vital roles in multiple metabolic pathways and this extends our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the occurrence and progression of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Genwen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jianyong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Cho YE, Yu LR, Abdelmegeed MA, Yoo SH, Song BJ. Apoptosis of enterocytes and nitration of junctional complex proteins promote alcohol-induced gut leakiness and liver injury. J Hepatol 2018; 69:142-153. [PMID: 29458168 PMCID: PMC6008177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Binge alcohol exposure causes gut leakiness, contributing to increased endotoxemia and inflammatory liver injury, although the molecular mechanisms are still elusive. This study was aimed at investigating the roles of apoptosis of enterocytes and nitration followed by degradation of intestinal tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) proteins in binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness. METHODS The levels of intestinal (ileum) junctional complex proteins, oxidative stress markers and apoptosis-related proteins in rodents, T84 colonic cells and autopsied human ileums were determined by immunoblot, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and mass-spectral analyses. RESULTS Binge alcohol exposure caused apoptosis of gut enterocytes with elevated serum endotoxin and liver injury. The levels of intestinal CYP2E1, iNOS, nitrated proteins and apoptosis-related marker proteins were significantly elevated in binge alcohol-exposed rodents. Differential, quantitative mass-spectral analyses of the TJ-enriched fractions of intestinal epithelial layers revealed that several TJ, AJ and desmosome proteins were decreased in binge alcohol-exposed rats compared to controls. Consistently, the levels of TJ proteins (claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin and zonula occludens-1), AJ proteins (β-catenin and E-cadherin) and desmosome plakoglobin were very low in binge alcohol-exposed rats, wild-type mice, and autopsied human ileums but not in Cyp2e1-null mice. Additionally, pretreatment with specific inhibitors of CYP2E1 and iNOS prevented disorganization and/or degradation of TJ proteins in alcohol-exposed T84 colonic cells. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblot confirmed that intestinal TJ and AJ proteins were nitrated and degraded via ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, resulting in their decreased levels. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated for the first time the critical roles of CYP2E1, apoptosis of enterocytes, and nitration followed by ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic degradation of the junctional complex proteins, in promoting binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness and endotoxemia, contributing to inflammatory liver disease. LAY SUMMARY Binge alcohol exposure causes gut leakiness, contributing to increased endotoxemia and inflammatory liver injury. Our results demonstrated for the first time the critical roles of apoptosis of enterocytes and nitration followed by ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic degradation of the junctional complex proteins in promoting this gut leakiness and endotoxemia. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of alcohol-induced inflammatory liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Li-Rong Yu
- Biomarkers and Alternative Models Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Seong-Ho Yoo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Procyanidins B2 reverses the T-2 toxin-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in TM3 Leydig cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Chlorogenic acid ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injuries through scavenging reactive oxygen species. Biochimie 2018; 150:131-138. [PMID: 29787793 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The key role of oxidative stress in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has been established by the large body of evidence from previous studies. Excessive consumption of ethanol induces the production of a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver, such as superoxide, H2O2, and hydroxyl radical. These products activate oxidant-sensitive signaling cascades and modulators of apoptosis. Because ROS accumulation is closely related to ALD, a number of studies have investigated the benefits of antioxidants. Recent studies demonstrated that polyphenol chlorogenic acid (CGA) has antioxidant properties and health benefits, such as reduction of relative risk of cardiovascular diseases and hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen toxicity. However, the protective effects of CGA against ALD have not been studied in detail. We hypothesize that CGA plays a role in preventing ALD through its antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of CGA against liver injuries in vivo. Reduced alcohol-induced-steatosis, apoptotic cell death, and fibrosis due to reduced levels of oxidative stress were observed. These findings suggest that CGA treatment can be an effective approach to attenuate ALD through the suppression of oxidative stress.
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Tedesco L, Corsetti G, Ruocco C, Ragni M, Rossi F, Carruba MO, Valerio A, Nisoli E. A specific amino acid formula prevents alcoholic liver disease in rodents. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G566-G582. [PMID: 29368944 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00231.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, defective protein metabolism, and fat accumulation in hepatocytes (liver steatosis). Inadequate amino acid metabolism is worsened by protein malnutrition, frequently present in alcohol-consuming patients, with reduced circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Here we asked whether dietary supplementation with a specific amino acid mixture, enriched in BCAAs (BCAAem) and able to promote mitochondrial function in muscle of middle-aged rodents, would prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and liver steatosis in Wistar rats fed on a Lieber-DeCarli ethanol (EtOH)-containing liquid diet. Supplementation of BCAAem, unlike a mixture based on the amino acid profile of casein, abrogated the EtOH-induced fat accumulation, mitochondrial impairment, and oxidative stress in liver. These effects of BCAAem were accompanied by normalization of leucine, arginine, and tryptophan levels, which were reduced in liver of EtOH-consuming rats. Moreover, although the EtOH exposure of HepG2 cells reduced mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial transcription factors, and respiratory chain proteins, the BCAAem but not casein-derived amino acid supplementation halted this mitochondrial toxicity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) expression, as well as endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) and mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, were downregulated in the EtOH-exposed HepG2 cells. BCAAem reverted these molecular defects and the mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that the mitochondrial integrity obtained with the amino acid supplementation could be mediated through a Sirt1-eNOS-mTOR pathway. Thus a dietary activation of the mitochondrial biogenesis and function by a specific amino acid supplement protects against the EtOH toxicity and preserves the liver integrity in mammals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Dietary supplementation of a specific amino acid formula prevents both fat accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes of alcohol-consuming rats. These effects are accompanied also by increased expression of anti-reactive oxygen species genes. The amino acid-protective effects likely reflect activation of sirtuin 1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway able to regulate the cellular energy balance of hepatocytes exposed to chronic, alcoholic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tedesco
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Maurizio Ragni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Michele O Carruba
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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Koneru M, Sahu BD, Mir SM, Ravuri HG, Kuncha M, Mahesh Kumar J, Kilari EK, Sistla R. Capsaicin, the pungent principle of peppers, ameliorates alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice via modulation of matrix metalloproteinases. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:419-427. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol, the most common cause for hepatic injury, may further deteriorate the hepatic tissue when left unattended. Capsaicin, the pungent principle of chilli peppers, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is a proven dietary antioxidant in various ailments. However, its role in alcohol-induced hepatic injury is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of capsaicin on the hepatic tissue of mice treated with alcohol. Acute liver injury was induced in mice by oral gavage of 5 doses of 10 mL/kg of 50% ethyl alcohol at an interval of 12 h. The tissue antioxidant levels along with the mitochondrial functional parameters and matrix metalloproteinase levels were evaluated in the hepatic tissues of mice following alcohol challenge. The results showed that alcohol intake significantly attenuated the hepatic antioxidant levels and mitochondrial function. These changes were accompanied by enhanced serum hepatic injury markers and matrix metalloproteinases. However, capsaicin treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg, oral) throughout the experimental period caused a drastic improvement in the hepatic tissue of the alcohol-treated mice, reflected by the normalization of hepatic enzyme and protein levels along with restored histological alterations. These results indicate that capsaicin, as a dietary intervention, may prevent alcohol-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Koneru
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Salma Mukhtar Mir
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Halley Gora Ravuri
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Madhusudana Kuncha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- Animal House Facility, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Eswar Kumar Kilari
- Department of Pharmacology, A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Li J, Wang Z, Qiu W, Yang JJ, Wang Q, Chen S, Pan H. The effect of interaction between EtOH dosage and exposure time on gene expression in DPSC. Genomics 2018; 111:500-507. [PMID: 29596963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol (EtOH) dosage and exposure time can affect gene expression. However, whether there exists synergistic effect is unknown. Here, we analyzed the hDPSC gene microarray dataset GSE57255 downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus and found that the interaction between EtOH dosage and exposure time on gene expression are statistically significant for two probes: 201917_s_at near gene SLC25A36 and 217649_at near gene ZFAND5. GeneMania showed that SLC25A36 and ZFAND5 were related to 20 genes, three of which had alcohol-related functions. WebGestalt revealed that the 22 genes were enriched in 10 KEGG pathways, four of which are related to alcoholic diseases. We explored the possible nonlinear interaction effect and got 172 gene probes with significant p-values. However, no significantly enriched pathways based on the 172 probes were detected. Our analyses indicated a possible molecular mechanism that could help explain why alcohol consumption has both deleterious and beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Li
- School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirui Wang
- School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ji-Jiang Yang
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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136
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Xie X, Xu X, Sun C, Yu Z. Protective effects of cilostazol on ethanol-induced damage in primary cultured hepatocytes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:203-211. [PMID: 29264710 PMCID: PMC5823801 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) caused by excessive alcohol consumption is associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hepatocellular apoptosis. Cilostazol, a licensed clinical drug used to treat intermittent claudication, has been reported to act as a protective agent in a spectrum of diseases. However, little information regarding its role in ethanol-induced hepatocellular toxicity has been reported. In the current study, we investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of cilostazol on ethanol-induced hepatocytic injury. Rat primary hepatocytes were pretreated with cilostazol prior to ethanol treatment. MTT and LDH assay indicated that ethanol-induced cell death was ameliorated by cilostazol in a dose-dependent manner. Our results display that overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) induced by ethanol was attenuated by pretreatment with cilostazol. Furthermore, cilostazol significantly inhibited ethanol-induced generation of ROS in mitochondria. Importantly, it was shown that cilostazol could improve mitochondrial function in primary hepatocytes by restoring the levels of ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Additionally, cilostazol was found to reduce apoptosis induced by ethanol using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Mechanistically, we found that cilostazol prevented mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptotic signals by reversing the expression of Bax and Bcl2, the level of cleaved caspase-3, and attenuating cytochrome C release. These findings suggest the possibility of novel ALD therapies using cilostazol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Xie
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xiaopei Xu
- Department of Physical Examination, The Third People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450006, China
| | - Changyu Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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137
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Lynnyk A, Lunova M, Jirsa M, Egorova D, Kulikov A, Kubinová Š, Lunov O, Dejneka A. Manipulating the mitochondria activity in human hepatic cell line Huh7 by low-power laser irradiation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9. [PMID: 29541521 PMCID: PMC5846531 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Low-power laser irradiation of red light has been recognized as a promising tool across a vast variety of biomedical applications. However, deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind laser-induced cellular effects remains a significant challenge. Here, we investigated mechanisms involved in the death process in human hepatic cell line Huh7 at a laser irradiation. We decoupled distinct cell death pathways targeted by laser irradiations of different powers. Our data demonstrate that high dose laser irradiation exhibited the highest levels of total reactive oxygen species production, leading to cyclophilin D-related necrosis via the mitochondrial permeability transition. On the contrary, low dose laser irradiation resulted in the nuclear accumulation of superoxide and apoptosis execution. Our findings offer a novel insight into laser-induced cellular responses, and reveal distinct cell death pathways triggered by laser irradiation. The observed link between mitochondria depolarization and triggering ROS could be a fundamental phenomenon in laser-induced cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lynnyk
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Mariia Lunova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jirsa
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, 14021, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Šárka Kubinová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
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138
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Duplanty AA, Siggins RW, Allerton T, Simon L, Molina PE. Myoblast mitochondrial respiration is decreased in chronic binge alcohol administered simian immunodeficiency virus-infected antiretroviral-treated rhesus macaques. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13625. [PMID: 29504290 PMCID: PMC5835494 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Work from our group demonstrated that chronic binge alcohol (CBA)-induces mitochondrial gene dysregulation at end-stage disease of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve rhesus macaques. Alterations in gene expression can disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis and in turn contribute to the risk of metabolic comorbidities characterized by loss of skeletal muscle (SKM) functional mass that are associated with CBA, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and prolonged ART. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of CBA and ART on SKM fiber oxidative capacity and myoblast mitochondrial respiration in asymptomatic SIV-infected macaques. SKM biopsies were obtained and myoblasts isolated at baseline and 11 months post-SIV infection from CBA/SIV/ART+ and from sucrose (SUC)-treated SIV-infected (SUC/SIV/ART+) macaques. CBA and ART decreased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in type 1 and type 2b fibers as determined by immunohistochemistry. Myoblasts isolated from CBA/SIV/ART+ macaques showed decreased maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) compared to myoblasts from control macaques. Maximal OCR was significantly increased in control myoblasts following incubation with formoterol, a beta adrenergic agonist, and this was associated with increased PGC-1α expression and mtDNA quantity. Additionally, formoterol treatment of myoblasts isolated from CBA/SIV/ART+ macaques partially restored maximal OCR to levels not significantly different from control. These results show that CBA in combination with ART impairs myoblast mitochondrial homeostasis in SIV-infected macaques. Moreover, our findings suggest that adrenergic agonists can potentially ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction. Future studies will elucidate whether physical exercise in HIV patients with alcohol use disorder can improve mitochondrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Duplanty
- Department of PhysiologyComprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of ExcellenceLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Robert W. Siggins
- Department of PhysiologyComprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of ExcellenceLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Timothy Allerton
- Department of PhysiologyComprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of ExcellenceLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Liz Simon
- Department of PhysiologyComprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of ExcellenceLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Patricia E. Molina
- Department of PhysiologyComprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of ExcellenceLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana
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139
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Garcia J, Decker CW, Sanchez SJ, Ouk JM, Siu KM, Han D. Obesity and steatosis promotes mitochondrial remodeling that enhances respiratory capacity in the liver of ob/ob mice. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:916-927. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Garcia
- Department of Biology; University of La Verne; CA USA
| | - Carl W. Decker
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Keck Graduate Institute; Claremont CA USA
| | | | | | - Krysta M. Siu
- Department of Biology; University of La Verne; CA USA
| | - Derick Han
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Keck Graduate Institute; Claremont CA USA
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140
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Zink A, Priller J, Prigione A. Pluripotent Stem Cells for Uncovering the Role of Mitochondria in Human Brain Function and Dysfunction. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:891-903. [PMID: 29458125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are a known pathogenetic mechanism of a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. At the same time, mutations in genes encoding for components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain cause mitochondrial diseases, which commonly exhibit neurological symptoms. Mitochondria are therefore critical for the functionality of the human nervous system. The importance of mitochondria stems from their key roles in cellular metabolism, calcium handling, redox and protein homeostasis, and overall cellular homeostasis through their dynamic network. Here, we describe how the use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) may help in addressing the physiological and pathological relevance of mitochondria for the human nervous system. PSCs allow the generation of patient-derived neurons and glia and the identification of gene-specific and mutation-specific cellular phenotypes via genome engineering approaches. We discuss the recent advances in PSC-based modeling of brain diseases and the current challenges of the field. We anticipate that the careful use of PSCs will improve our understanding of the impact of mitochondria in neurological and psychiatric disorders and the search for effective therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Zink
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117 Berlin, Germany; UK Dementia Research Institute and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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141
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Kanak MA, Shindo Y, SaiKumar P, Naziruddin B. Role of Inflammasomes in the Development of Gastrointestinal Diseases. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2018; 108:235-268. [PMID: 30536174 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89390-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have been attributed to chronic inflammation, and a few have identified the role of inflammasomes in their pathogenesis. Inflammasomes are a group of protein complexes comprising of several intracellular proteins that link the sensing of microbial products and metabolic stress to the proteolytic activation of the proinflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have implicated activation of several families of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) which are major components of inflammasomes in the development and exacerbation of many diseases of human systems. In this chapter, we discuss the role of inflammasomes in some of the most prevalent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and highlight potential targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar A Kanak
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yoshitaro Shindo
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor Simmons Transplant Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
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142
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Aboulmaouahib S, Madkour A, Kaarouch I, Sefrioui O, Saadani B, Copin H, Benkhalifa M, Louanjli N, Cadi R. Impact of alcohol and cigarette smoking consumption in male fertility potential: Looks at lipid peroxidation, enzymatic antioxidant activities and sperm DNA damage. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 29164649 DOI: 10.1111/and.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol intake and cigarette smoking are the major lifestyle factors with negative impact on fertility. We were interested to evaluate the negative impact of these factors on oxidative stress (OS), enzymatic antioxidant activity (EAO) of spermatozoa and on its DNA damage. This study included 108 male infertile patients with normal range of sperm conventional parameters but with unexplained infertility in assisted reproductive technologies programme. Firstly, OS was analysed based on lipid peroxidation (MDA) and EAO which included catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR). Secondly, we evaluated DNA fragmentation by TUNEL assay and chromatin decondensation by aniline blue colouration. The whole lot was divided into four groups: control (nonalcoholic and nonsmoker patients), alcohol group, smoking group and alcohol-smoking group. The results showed, in three last groups compared to control an increased CAT, SOD and GR activities with high MDA level especially in smoking and alcohol-smoking group. The latter showed the highest values of DNA fragmentation and chromatin decondensation (31% and 39%) to exceed DNA damage normal range. Indeed, smoking and alcohol intake lead to increase EAO due to long-term unbalanced antioxidant/oxidation ratio with high OS which cause consequently sperm DNA damage calling in need by urgency to change the lifestyle behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aboulmaouahib
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire (PGM), Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Université HASSAN II, Casablanca, Morocco.,Labomac IVF Centers and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Casablanca, Morocco.,Anfa Fertility Center, Private Clinic of Human Reproduction and Endoscopic Surgery, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A Madkour
- Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - I Kaarouch
- Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - O Sefrioui
- Anfa Fertility Center, Private Clinic of Human Reproduction and Endoscopic Surgery, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - B Saadani
- IVF Center IRIFIV, Clinique des Iris, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - H Copin
- Reproductive Medicine & Developmental Biology, Regional University Hospital & School of Medicine, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - M Benkhalifa
- Reproductive Medicine & Developmental Biology, Regional University Hospital & School of Medicine, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,PERITOX-INERIS Laboratory, CURS, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - N Louanjli
- Labomac IVF Centers and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Casablanca, Morocco.,Anfa Fertility Center, Private Clinic of Human Reproduction and Endoscopic Surgery, Casablanca, Morocco.,IVF Center IRIFIV, Clinique des Iris, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - R Cadi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire (PGM), Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Université HASSAN II, Casablanca, Morocco
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143
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Xu M, Luo J. Alcohol and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9110158. [PMID: 29156633 PMCID: PMC5704176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy alcohol consumption has been associated with increased risk of several cancers, including cancer of the colon, rectum, female breast, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, liver, and esophagus. It appears that alcohol exposure not only promotes carcinogenesis but also enhances the progression and aggressiveness of existing cancers. The molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol tumor promotion, however, remain unclear. Cancer stem cells (CSC), a subpopulation of cancer cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacity, play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and therapy resistance. The recent research evidence suggests that alcohol increases the CSC population in cancers, which may underlie alcohol-induced tumor promotion. This review discusses the recent progress in the research of alcohol promotion of CSC and underlying cellular/molecular mechanisms. The review will further explore the therapeutic potential of CSC inhibition in treating alcohol-induced tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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144
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Mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone (MitoQ) enhances acetaldehyde clearance by reversing alcohol-induced posttranslational modification of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2: A molecular mechanism of protection against alcoholic liver disease. Redox Biol 2017; 14:626-636. [PMID: 29156373 PMCID: PMC5700831 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol metabolism in the liver generates highly toxic acetaldehyde. Breakdown of acetaldehyde by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in the mitochondria consumes NAD+ and generates reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, which represents a fundamental mechanism in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). A mitochondria-targeted lipophilic ubiquinone (MitoQ) has been shown to confer greater protection against oxidative damage in the mitochondria compared to untargeted antioxidants. The present study aimed to investigate if MitoQ could preserve mitochondrial ALDH2 activity and speed up acetaldehyde clearance, thereby protects against ALD. Male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to alcohol for 8 weeks with MitoQ supplementation (5 mg/kg/d) for the last 4 weeks. MitoQ ameliorated alcohol-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress and glutathione deficiency. It also reversed alcohol-reduced hepatic ALDH activity and accelerated acetaldehyde clearance through modulating ALDH2 cysteine S-nitrosylation, tyrosine nitration and 4-hydroxynonenol adducts formation. MitoQ ameliorated nitric oxide (NO) donor-mediated ADLH2 S-nitrosylation and nitration in Hepa-1c1c7 cells under glutathion depletion condition. In addition, alcohol-increased circulating acetaldehyde levels were accompanied by reduced intestinal ALDH activity and impaired intestinal barrier. In accordance, MitoQ reversed alcohol-increased plasma endotoxin levels and hepatic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-κB signaling along with subsequent inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration. MitoQ also reversed alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation through enhancing fatty acid β-oxidation. Alcohol-induced ER stress and apoptotic cell death signaling were reversed by MitoQ. This study demonstrated that speeding up acetaldehyde clearance by preserving ALDH2 activity critically mediates the beneficial effect of MitoQ on alcohol-induced pathogenesis at the gut-liver axis. PTMs of ALDH2 participated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. MitoQ treatment accelerated acetaldehyde detoxification. MitoQ ameliorated acetaldehyde-related tight junction disruption. MitoQ reversed TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in alcoholic liver disease. MitoQ counteracts alcohol-induced ER stress and cell apoptosis.
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145
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Wang S, Sui S, Liu Z, Peng C, Liu J, Luo D, Fan X, Liu C, Lu WY. Protective roles of hepatic gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling in acute ethanol exposure-induced liver injury. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:341-350. [PMID: 29044621 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a consequence of heavy and prolonged alcohol consumptions. We previously demonstrated a hepatic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling system that protects the liver from toxic injury. The present study was designed to investigate the role of the hepatic GABA signaling system in the process of acute ethanol exposure-induced liver injury. Our results showed that the expression of GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase and type A GABA receptor (GABAA R) subunits was upregulated in ethanol-treated mice compared with saline-treated controls. Remarkably, pretreatment of mice with GABA (1.5 mg kg-1 body weight, intraperitoneal injection [i.p.]) or with the GABAA R agonist muscimol (1.2 mg kg-1 body weight, i.p.) protected the liver against ethanol toxicity and improved liver function, whereas pretreatment of mice with the GABAA R antagonist bicuculline (2.0 mg kg-1 body weight, i.p.) worsened the liver function. Further analyses suggest that GABAA R-mediated signaling protects the liver from ethanol injury by, at least partially, inhibiting the IRE1α-ASK1-JNK pro-apoptotic pathway in hepatocytes in the process of ethanol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglian Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Sui
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shandong University Qi Lu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Xinhua Hospital, Huainan, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhuan Fan
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yang Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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146
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Lee SH, Song YS, Jeong Y, Ko KS. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Akebia quinata Extracts in an In Vitro Model of Acute Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity. J Med Food 2017; 20:912-922. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sun Song
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
- Research Center for Industrialization of Nutraceuticals, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Ko
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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147
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Yao F, Abdel-Rahman AA. Combined Catalase and ADH Inhibition Ameliorates Ethanol-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction Despite Causing Oxidative Stress in Conscious Female Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1541-1550. [PMID: 28667748 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (EtOH)-evoked oxidative stress, which contributes to myocardial dysfunction in proestrus rats, is mediated by increases in NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Whether these biochemical responses, which are triggered by alcohol-derived acetaldehyde in noncardiac tissues, occur in proestrus rats' hearts remains unknown. Therefore, we elucidated the roles of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), and catalase, which catalyze alcohol oxidation to acetaldehyde, in these alcohol-evoked biochemical and hemodynamic responses in proestrus rats. METHODS Conscious proestrus rats prepared for measurements of left ventricular (LV) function and blood pressure (BP) received EtOH (1.5 g/kg, intravenous [i.v.] infusion over 30 minutes) or saline 30 minutes after an ADH and CYP2E1 inhibitor, 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) (82 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), a catalase inhibitor, 3-AT (0.5 g/kg, i.v.), their combination, or vehicle. LV function and BP were monitored for additional 60 minutes after EtOH or saline infusion before collecting the hearts for ex vivo measurements of LV reactive oxygen species (ROS), Nox activity, MDA, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. RESULTS EtOH reduced LV function (dP/dtmax and LV developed pressure) and BP, and increased cardiac Nox activity, ROS and MDA levels, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Either inhibitor partially, and their combination significantly, attenuated these responses despite the substantially higher blood EtOH level, and the increased cardiac oxidative stress and reduced BP caused by 3-AT alone or with 4-MP. The inhibitors reduced cardiac MDA level and reversed EtOH effect on cardiac and plasma MDA. CONCLUSIONS EtOH oxidative metabolism plays a pivotal role in the EtOH-evoked LV oxidative stress and dysfunction in proestrus rats. Notably, catalase inhibition (3-AT) caused cardiac oxidative stress and hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (FY, AAA-R), Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (FY, AAA-R), Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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148
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Wan Y, Hu H, Hong Z. Pien Tze Huang Gan Bao attenuates carbon tetrachloride‑induced hepatocyte apoptosis in rats, associated with suppression of p53 activation and oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2611-2619. [PMID: 28713991 PMCID: PMC5547969 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pien Tze Huang Gan Bao (PZH-GB), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for thousands of years as a protective remedy effective against liver injury induced by excessive alcohol and smoking. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of PZH-GB against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury. Rats were pre-treated with silymarin (50 mg/kg) or different doses of PZH-GB (150, 300 or 600 mg/kg) orally administered for 7 days. At the end of treatment, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4, or control rats received a corn oil injection. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in serum were evaluated. Apoptosis was assessed via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. p53, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B cell-lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 (CYP2E1) were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were measured by a colorimetric assay. The results indicated that silymarin and PZH-GB prevented CCl4-induced serum LDH elevations, and CCl4 induced high levels of LDH. Compared with the CCl4 group, silymarin and PZH-GB treatment significantly decreased LDH levels. Histopathological results revealed that silymarin and PZH-GB ameliorated the CCl4-induced liver histological alterations. The TUNEL results showed that compared with the control group, CCl4 induced liver cell apoptosis, while silymarin and PZH-GB treatment inhibited apoptosis and the TUNEL-positive cells. The elevated expression of Bax, p53, iNOS, COX-2 and CYP2E1 were reduced by silymarin or PZH-GB pretreatment, whereas reduced Bcl-2 expression levels were increased. CCl4 increased the activity of caspase-9 and −3 by 6.86- and 7.42-fold, respectively; however, silymarin and PZH-GB ameliorated this effect. In conclusion, silymarin and PZH-GB treatment prevented the deleterious effects on liver functions by attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial apoptosis via the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Zhao
- Biomedical Research Center, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Biomedical Research Center, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wan
- Biomedical Research Center, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Hu
- Biomedical Research Center, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Hong
- Biomedical Research Center, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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149
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Szabo G, Petrasek J. Gut-liver axis and sterile signals in the development of alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Alcohol 2017; 52:414-424. [PMID: 28482064 PMCID: PMC5860369 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immunity plays a critical role in the development of alcohol-induced liver inflammation. Understanding the inter-relationship of signals from within and outside of the liver that trigger liver inflammation is pivotal for development of novel therapeutic targets of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). AIM The aim of this paper is to review recent advances in the field of alcohol-induced liver inflammation. METHODS A detailed literature review was performed using the PubMed database published between January 1980 and December 2016. RESULTS We provide an update on the role of intestinal microbiome, metabolome and the gut-liver axis in ALD, discuss the growing body of evidence on the diversity of liver macrophages and their differential contribution to alcohol-induced liver inflammation, and highlight the crucial role of inflammasomes in integration of inflammatory signals in ALD. Studies to date have identified a multitude of new therapeutic targets, some of which are currently being tested in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. These treatments aim to strengthen the intestinal barrier, ameliorate liver inflammation and augment hepatocyte regeneration. CONCLUSION Given the complexity of inflammation in ALD, multiple pathobiological mechanisms may need to be targeted at the same time as it seems unlikely that there is a single dominant pathogenic pathway in ALD that would be easily targeted using a single target drug approach. SHORT SUMMARY Here, we focus on recent advances in immunopathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), including gut-liver axis, hepatic macrophage activation, sterile inflammation and synergy between bacterial and sterile signals. We propose a multiple parallel hit model of inflammation in ALD and discuss its implications for clinical trials in alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB 215, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605,USA
| | - Jan Petrasek
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB 215, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605,USA
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Karadayian AG, Malanga G, Czerniczyniec A, Lombardi P, Bustamante J, Lores-Arnaiz S. Free radical production and antioxidant status in brain cortex non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes at alcohol hangover onset. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:692-703. [PMID: 28450149 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol hangover (AH) is the pathophysiological state after a binge-like drinking. We have previously demonstrated that AH induced bioenergetics impairments in a total fresh mitochondrial fraction in brain cortex and cerebellum. The aim of this work was to determine free radical production and antioxidant systems in non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes in control and hangover animals. Superoxide production was not modified in non-synaptic mitochondria while a 17.5% increase was observed in synaptosomes. A similar response was observed for cardiolipin content as no changes were evidenced in non-synaptic mitochondria while a 55% decrease in cardiolipin content was found in synaptosomes. Hydrogen peroxide production was 3-fold increased in non-synaptic mitochondria and 4-fold increased in synaptosomes. In the presence of deprenyl, synaptosomal H2O2 production was 67% decreased in the AH condition. Hydrogen peroxide generation was not affected by deprenyl addition in non-synaptic mitochondria from AH mice. MAO activity was 57% increased in non-synaptic mitochondria and 3-fold increased in synaptosomes. Catalase activity was 40% and 50% decreased in non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes, respectively. Superoxide dismutase was 60% decreased in non-synaptic mitochondria and 80% increased in synaptosomal fractions. On the other hand, GSH (glutathione) content was 43% and 17% decreased in synaptosomes and cytosol. GSH-related enzymes were mostly affected in synaptosomes fractions by AH condition. Acetylcholinesterase activity in synaptosomes was 11% increased due to AH. The present work reveals that AH provokes an imbalance in the cellular redox homeostasis mainly affecting mitochondria present in synaptic terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía G Karadayian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Malanga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Czerniczyniec
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paulina Lombardi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juanita Bustamante
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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