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Incident Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030721. [PMID: 35158989 PMCID: PMC8833396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is increased in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and surveillance needs to be tailored according to individual risk. The open issues include the role of the characteristics of IBD and CRC in determining the long-term outcome. These issues were assessed in our multicenter study, including a cohort of 56 IBD patients with incident CRC. The clinical and histopathological features of IBD patients and of CRC were recorded. Incident CRC in IBD occurred at a young age (≤40 years) in 25% of patients (median age 55.5 (22-76)). Mucinous signet-ring carcinoma was detected in 6 out of the 56 (10.7%) patients, including 4 with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and 2 with Crohn's disease (CD). CRC was more frequently diagnosed by colonoscopy in UC (85.4% vs. 50%; p = 0.01) and by imaging in Crohn's Disease CD (5.8% vs. 31.8%; p = 0.02). At onset, CRC-related symptoms occurred in 29 (51.9%) IBD patients. The time interval from the diagnosis of IBD to CRC was shorter in UC and CD patients with >40 years (p = 0.002; p = 0.01). CRC-related death occurred in 10 (29.4%) UC and in 6 (27.2%) CD patients (p = 0.89), with a short time interval from CRC to death (UC vs. CD: 6.5 (1-68) vs. 14.5 (8-40); p = 0.85; IBD: 12 months (1-68)). CRC occurring at a young age, a short time interval from the diagnosis of IBD to CRC-related death in the elderly, CRC-symptoms often mimicking IBD relapse and the observed high mortality rate may support the need of closer surveillance intervals in subgroups of patients.
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102
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Shi JL, Lv YH, Huang J, Huang X, Liu Y. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease and post-inflammatory polyps have an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia: A meta-analysis. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:966-984. [PMID: 35127910 PMCID: PMC8790459 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i3.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longstanding intestinal inflammation increases the risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accurately predicting the risk of colorectal neoplasia in the early stage is still challenging. Therefore, identifying visible warning markers of colorectal neoplasia in IBD patients is the focus of the current research. Post-inflammatory polyps (PIPs) are visible markers of severe inflammation under endoscopy. To date, there is controversy regarding the necessity of strengthened surveillance strategies for IBD patients with PIPs.
AIM To determine whether IBD patients with PIPs carryan increased risk of colorectal neoplasia.
METHODS Researchers searched the following databases up to July 31, 2021: MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan-Fang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database. Cohort and case-control studies that compared the risk of colorectal neoplasia between IBD patients with or without PIPs and published in English or Chinese were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-of Interventions assessment tool. The outcomes of interest were the rates of various grades of colorectal neoplasia. The pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated using the random-effects model. Begg’s test and Egger’s test were used to calculate the publication bias. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to verify the robustness of the results. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to assess the overall quality of evidence supporting the outcomes of interest.
RESULTS Nine studies involving 5424 IBD patients (1944 with PIPs vs 3480 without PIPs) were included. The overall bias in each included study ranged from moderate to serious. Compared with nonconcurrent PIPs, patients with PIPs had a higher risk of colorectal neoplasia (RR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.35-2.24, P < 0.001, I2 = 81.4%; aHR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.01-1.70, P = 0.04, I2 = 26.2%; aOR = 2.62, 95%CI: 1.77-3.88, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%), advanced colorectal neoplasia (RR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.49-2.87, P < 0.001, I2 = 77.4%; aHR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.05-2.53, P = 0.03, I2 = 10.1%) and colorectal cancer (RR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.32-2.82, P = 0.001, I2 = 83.0%). Publication bias was not observed in Begg’s test or Egger’s test. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses showed that the results are robust. The overall quality of evidence was assessed as moderate to low.
CONCLUSION IBD patients with PIPs may have an increased incidence of colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-ling Shi
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Ye-hong Lv
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xue Huang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
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103
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Colorectal Cancer Surveillance in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Chromoendoscopy or Non-Chromoendoscopy, That Is the Question. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030509. [PMID: 35159961 PMCID: PMC8836765 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjects affected by ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease with colonic localization have an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Surveillance colonoscopy is recommended by international guidelines as it can detect early-stage CRC. Based on previous evidence, in 2015 the Surveillance for Colorectal Endoscopic Neoplasia Detection and Management in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients International Consensus indicated dye chromoendoscopy (DCE) as the most effective technique for detecting dysplasia. However, advances in endoscopic technology such as high-definition colonoscopes and dye-less virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE) may change future practice. In this review, we summarize the available evidence on CRC surveillance in IBD, focusing on the emerging role of high-definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) and VCE over the standard DCE, and the current role of random biopsies.
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104
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Damião AOMC, Queiroz NSF. Medical Therapy in Chronic Refractory Ulcerative Colitis: When Enough Is Enough. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2022; 35:32-43. [PMID: 35069028 PMCID: PMC8763462 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in the management of ulcerative colitis (UC) in parallel with the evolution of therapeutic targets and novel biologics and small molecules, a subset of medically refractory patients still requires colectomy. Recent population-based studies demonstrate a trend toward a decrease in the rates of surgery for UC patients in the biological era, although the potential of disease modification with these agents is still debated. As the concept of irreversible bowel damage is underexplored in UC, refractory patients can be exposed to multiple treatments losing optimal timing for surgery and further developing complications such as dysplasia/cancer, dysmotility, microcolon, and other functional abnormalities. This review aims to discuss the concept of disease progression in UC, explore the limitations of medical treatment in refractory UC patients, and propose the application of a three-step algorithm that allows timely indication for surgery in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália Sousa Freitas Queiroz
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil,Address for correspondence Natália Sousa Freitas Queiroz, MD, PhD Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of MedicineSão Paulo 05403-000Brazil
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105
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Jeong YJ, Kim DH, Lee KW. Homeostasis effects of fermented Maillard reaction products by Lactobacillus gasseri 4M13 in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:434-444. [PMID: 34143895 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to increase worldwide. Multiple factors, including diet, loss of the intestinal barrier function, and imbalance of the immune system can cause IBD. A balanced diet is important for maintaining a healthy bowel and preventing IBD from occurring. The effects of probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri-fermented Maillard reaction products (MRPs) prepared by reacting whey protein with galactose on anti-inflammation and intestinal homeostasis were investigated in this study, which compared MPRs and probiotics separately. RESULTS In an animal colitis model induced by 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), FWG administration alleviated colon length loss and maintained intestinal immune system homeostasis as reflected by down-regulated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α output, and metallopeptidase-9, and epithelial barrier balance as reflected by up-regulated occludin, E-cadherin, and zonula occludens-1 production in the colon. Furthermore, the expression of splenic cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 was up-regulated in the FWG-treated mice in a comparable amount to the control group to ensure the balance of immune responses. CONCLUSION This study showed that the use of FWG protects the intestines from colitis caused by DSS and maintains immune balance. FWG increased antioxidant enzyme activity, increased intestinal permeability, and regulated the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the intestines and spleen. Continued intake of FWG can alleviate IBD symptoms through the preservation of mucosal immune responses, epithelial junction and homeostasis through the regulated splenic cytokines. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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106
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AlAmeel T, Al Sulais E, Raine T. Methotrexate in inflammatory bowel disease: A primer for gastroenterologists. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:250-260. [PMID: 35042318 PMCID: PMC9408741 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_496_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate is an antineoplastic agent that is also used at lower doses for anti-inflammatory properties. Along with thiopurines (azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine), it has historically been an important part of pharmacological treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Despite an increase in therapeutic options, these immunomodulators continue to play important roles in the management of inflammatory bowel disease, used either as a monotherapy in mild to moderate cases or in combination with monoclonal antibodies to prevent immunogenicity and maintain efficacy. In light of data linking the use of thiopurines with the risk of malignancies, methotrexate has regained attention as a potential alternative. In this article, we review data on the pharmacology, safety, and efficacy of methotrexate and discuss options for the positioning of methotrexate alone, or in combination, in therapeutic algorithms for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki AlAmeel
- Department of Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Al Sulais
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Address for correspondence: Dr. Eman Al Sulais, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. E-mail:
| | - Tim Raine
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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107
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Lee JG, Lee S, Jeon J, Kong HG, Cho HJ, Kim JH, Kim SY, Oh MJ, Lee D, Seo N, Park KH, Yu K, An HJ, Ryu CM, Lee JS. Host tp53 mutation induces gut dysbiosis eliciting inflammation through disturbed sialic acid metabolism. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:3. [PMID: 34991725 PMCID: PMC8733924 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host tp53 mutations are frequently found during the early stages of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), but whether such mutations induce gut microbiota dysbiosis and chronic intestinal inflammation that contributes to the development of CAC, remains unknown. RESULTS We found that zebrafish tp53 mutant larvae exhibited elevated intestinal inflammation, by monitoring the NFκB activity in the mid-distal intestines of zebrafish larvae using an NFκB:EGFP transgenic reporter line in vivo as well as neutrophil infiltration into the intestine. This inflammation was due to dysbiotic gut microbiota with reduced diversity, revealed using both 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and a germfree larva model. In this dysbiosis, Aeromonas spp. were aberrantly enriched as major pathobionts and exhibited the capacity for aggressive colonization in tp53 mutants. Importantly, the ex-germfree experiments supported the causality of the host tp53 mutation for inducing the inflammation. Transcriptome and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses of the host gastrointestinal tracts identified dysregulated sialic acid (SA) metabolism concomitant with increased host Neu5Gc levels as the key determinant of aberrant inflammation, which was reversed by the sialidase inhibitors oseltamivir and Philippin A. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a crucial role for host tp53 in maintaining symbiosis and immune homeostasis via SA metabolism. Disturbed SA metabolism via a tp53 mutation may be exploited by specific elements of the gut microbiome, eliciting both dysbiosis and inflammation. Manipulating sialometabolism may therefore provide an efficacious therapeutic strategy for tp53 mutation-induced dysbiosis, inflammation, and ultimately, related cancers. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Geun Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Jeon
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Stembio. Ltd, Entrepreneur 306, Soonchunhyang-ro 22, Sinchang-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gi Kong
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Dementia DTC R&D Convergence Program, KIST, Hwarang-ro 14 gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Oh
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Daum Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Seo
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kweon Yu
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Dementia DTC R&D Convergence Program, KIST, Hwarang-ro 14 gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Soo Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Dementia DTC R&D Convergence Program, KIST, Hwarang-ro 14 gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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108
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Burisch J, Lophaven S, Langholz E, Munkholm P. The clinical course of Crohn's disease in a Danish population-based inception cohort with more than 50 years of follow-up, 1962-2017. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 55:73-82. [PMID: 34543457 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few population-based studies have investigated the long-term prognosis of Crohn's disease (CD). AIM To determine the long-term natural disease course of CD with regard to surgery, cancer and mortality in a population-based cohort followed for more than 50 years. METHODS All patients diagnosed with CD from 1962 to 1987 in Copenhagen County, Denmark were included in a population-based cohort. Information about surgeries, cancers and mortality was collected from patient files from 1962 to 1987 and from the Danish National Patient Registry, Cancer Registry, and from the Register of Causes of Death, 1987-2017. Patients were matched with individuals from the general population. RESULTS A total of 373 patients were followed for a median of 33 years (range: 0-56 years). The cumulative probability of surgery 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 years after diagnosis was 62% (CI 95%: 57%-67%), 71% (CI 95%: 66%-75%), 72% (CI 95%: 67%-76%), 74% (CI 95%: 69%-79%) and 74% (CI 95%: 69%-79%), respectively. A total of 142 patients (54%) were operated upon at least twice: 69 (26%) needing two surgeries and 73 (28%) needing three or more. Patients with CD were found to be at increased risk of intestinal (small bowel, rectum and anus) and extra-intestinal (respiratory organs and skin) cancer. All-cause mortality among CD patients was higher than among controls (RR: 1.22, CI 95%: 1.04-1.43), whereas mortality due to gastrointestinal cancer was not. CONCLUSION After 50 years of follow-up, 75% CD patients had undergone surgery, with most needing repeat surgery. The risk of intestinal and extra-intestinal cancers, as well as mortality, was higher among CD patients than the background population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Burisch
- Department of Gastroenterology, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ebbe Langholz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Munkholm
- Department of Gastroenterology, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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109
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Zegarra Ruiz DF, Kim DV, Norwood K, Saldana-Morales FB, Kim M, Ng C, Callaghan R, Uddin M, Chang LC, Longman RS, Diehl GE. Microbiota manipulation to increase macrophage IL-10 improves colitis and limits colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2119054. [PMID: 36062329 PMCID: PMC9450902 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2119054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic life-long inflammatory disease affecting almost 2 million Americans. Although new biologic therapies have been developed, the standard medical treatment fails to selectively control the dysregulated immune pathways involved in chronic colonic inflammation. Further, IBD patients with uncontrolled colonic inflammation are at a higher risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Intestinal microbes can impact many immune functions, and here we asked if they could be used to improve intestinal inflammation. By utilizing an intestinal adherent E. coli that we find increases IL-10 producing macrophages, we were able to limit intestinal inflammation and restrict tumor formation. Macrophage IL-10 along with IL-10 signaling to the intestinal epithelium were required for protection in both inflammation and tumor development. Our work highlights that administration of immune modulating microbes can improve intestinal outcomes by altering tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dasom V. Kim
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kendra Norwood
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fatima B. Saldana-Morales
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles Ng
- Department of Pathology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryann Callaghan
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maisha Uddin
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lin-Chun Chang
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randy S. Longman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gretchen E. Diehl
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
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110
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Ma Y, Qu R, Zhang Y, Jiang C, Zhang Z, Fu W. Progress in the Study of Colorectal Cancer Caused by Altered Gut Microbiota After Cholecystectomy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:815999. [PMID: 35282463 PMCID: PMC8907136 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.815999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found an increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in people who undergo cholecystectomy compared to healthy individuals. After cholecystectomy, bile enters the duodenum directly, unregulated by the timing of meals. Disruption of the balance of bile acid metabolism and increased production of primary bile acids, which in turn affects the composition and abundance of intestinal microorganisms. The link among cholecystectomy, the gut microbiota, and the occurrence and development of CRC is becoming clearer. However, due to the complexity of the microbial community, the mechanistic connections are less well understood. In this review, we summarize the changes of gut microbiota after cholecystectomy and illuminate the potential mechanisms on CRC, such as inflammation and immune regulation, production of genotoxins, metabolism of dietary ingredients, activation of signaling pathways, and so on. By reviewing these, we aimed to unravel the interactions between the gut microbiota and its host and be better positioned to develop treatments for CRC after cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruize Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhipeng Zhang, ; Wei Fu,
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhipeng Zhang, ; Wei Fu,
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111
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Ni H, Chen Y, Xia W, Wang C, Hu C, Sun L, Tang W, Cui H, Shen T, Liu Y, Li J. SATB2 Defect Promotes Colitis and Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer by Impairing Cl-/HCO3- Exchange and Homeostasis of Gut Microbiota. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:2088-2102. [PMID: 34019628 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SATB2 is a diagnostic biomarker and a favourable prognostic marker for colorectal cancer [CRC], but its role in colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer [CAC] is unknown. METHODS Colitis was induced in intestinal epithelial-specific Satb2 knockout [Satb2 IEC-KO] and control mice using dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]. RNA-seq analysis was performed on colonic tissues, and 16S rDNA-Seq on faecal bacterial DNA from Satb2 IEC-KO and control mice. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were performed to reveal the proportions of different immune cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation [ChIP] and luciferase reporter were applied to show the regulatory role of SATB2 on SLC26A3, of which the Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity was measured fluorometrically by the pHi-sensitive dye. Bacteroides were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation [FISH] on colonic tissue. RESULTS Satb2 IEC-KO mice suffered from intestinal epithelial damage spontaneously, and developed more severe colitis and CAC. The expression of SLC26A3 correlated well with SATB2 revealed by RNA-seq and The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA] data, and was governed by SATB2 confirmed by ChIP and luciferase reporter experiments. Decreased intestinal flora diversity was seen in Satb2 IEC-KO mice. Bacteroides were more abundant and could colonise into the inner layer of colonic mucosa in Satb2 IEC-KO mice. Faecal microbiome transplantation from Satb2 IEC-KO mice aggravated colitis and M1 macrophages infiltration. CONCLUSIONS SATB2 plays a vital role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and its deficiency promotes the development of colitis and CAC by influencing the intestinal luminal environment and gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengli Ni
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Cui
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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112
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Liu H, Bian Z, Zhang Q, Xiao Z, Cao Y, Sun X, Qin Y, Mao L, Chu X, Liao W, Zha L, Sun S. Sodium butyrate inhibits colitis-associated colorectal cancer through preventing the gut microbiota dysbiosis and reducing the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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113
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Xie X, Lin H, Zhang X, Song P, He X, Zhong J, Shi J. Overexpression of GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 gene associates with the invasiveness and poor outcomes of colorectal cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5595-5606. [PMID: 34515625 PMCID: PMC8806759 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1967031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of most Rab proteins by inhibiting GDP dissociation. This study evaluated the potential prognostic and predictive value of GDI1 in colorectal cancer (CRC). To address the prognostic power of GDI1, we performed individual and pooled survival analyses on six independent CRC microarray gene expression datasets. GDI1-enriched signatures were also analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional analyses were employed for survival analysis. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was performed to validate the clinical relevance and prognostic significance of the GDI1 protein level in CRC tissue samples. The results revealed that GDI1 mRNA level was significantly linked with the aggressiveness of CRC, which is compatible with gene set enrichment analysis. A meta-analysis and pooled analysis demonstrated that a higher mRNA GDI1 expression was dramatically correlated with a worse survival in a dose-dependent manner in CRC patients. Further IHC analysis validated that the protein expression of GDI1 in both cytoplasm and membrane also significantly impacted the outcome of CRC patients. In CRC patients with stage III, chemotherapy significantly reduced the relative risk of death in low-GDI1 subgroup (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.22; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.09-0.56, p = 0.0003), but not in high-GDI1 subgroup (HR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.35-1.14, p = 0.1137). Therefore, both high mRNA and protein levels of GDI1 were significantly related to poor outcomes in CRC patients. GD11 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huajiang Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pengtao Song
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyi He
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiemin Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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114
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Sherif DA, Makled MN, Suddek GM. The HIV reverse transcriptase Inhibitor Tenofovir suppressed DMH/HFD-induced colorectal cancer in Wistar rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:940-954. [PMID: 33829539 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Colon rectal cancer (CRC) is the second commonest malignancy in developed countries and a significant cause of mortality. Tenofovir reportedly reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and interferes with cell cycle and cell proliferation. The current study investigated the potential antitumor effect of tenofovir against experimentally induced CRC. CRC was induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 20 mg/kg, once a week) and high-fat diet (HFD) in Wistar rats. Rats received tenofovir at a dose of 25 or 50 mg/kg (i.p.) for 24 weeks. Tenofovir-25 failed to significantly decrease the total number of dysplasia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma and to improve histopathological changes; however, tenofovir-50 resulted in no tumors seen in the colon lumen and a significant decrease in the total number of dysplasia and no adenoma or adenocarcinoma observed compared to DMH/HFD group. Tenofovir-25 failed to attenuate DMH/HFD-induced cell proliferation, whereas tenofovir-50 significantly decreased cell proliferation revealed by the decreased PCNA expression. Tenofovir-25 also failed to attenuate DMH/HFD-induced oxidative stress, whereas tenofovir-50 significantly attenuated oxidative stress as indicated by the decreased MDA concentration and SOD activity along with the increased GSH concentrations. Moreover, tenofovir-50 decreased Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 expressions in colon tissues compared with DMH/HFD group. Tenofovir-50 also significantly decreased INF-ɤ concentration in colon tissues. These findings suggest that the high dose of tenofovir (50 mg/kg) has antitumor potential against DMH/HFD-induced CRC, which might be mediated through the inhibition of cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Sherif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Gastrointestinal Surgery Center (GISC), Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mirhan N Makled
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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115
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Frigerio S, Lartey DA, D’Haens GR, Grootjans J. The Role of the Immune System in IBD-Associated Colorectal Cancer: From Pro to Anti-Tumorigenic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12739. [PMID: 34884543 PMCID: PMC8657929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). IBD-associated cancer follows a well-characterized sequence of intestinal epithelial changes, in which genetic mutations and molecular aberrations play a key role. IBD-associated cancer develops against a background of chronic inflammation and pro-inflammatory immune cells, and their products contribute to cancer development and progression. In recent years, the effect of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in cancer development and progression has gained more attention, mainly because of the unprecedented anti-tumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in selected groups of patients. Even though IBD-associated cancer develops in the background of chronic inflammation which is associated with activation of endogenous anti-inflammatory or suppressive mechanisms, the potential role of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in these cancers is largely unknown. In this review, we outline the role of the immune system in promoting cancer development in chronic inflammatory diseases such as IBD, with a specific focus on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms and suppressive immune cells that may play a role in IBD-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Frigerio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.); (D.A.L.); (G.R.D.)
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dalia A. Lartey
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.); (D.A.L.); (G.R.D.)
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R. D’Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.); (D.A.L.); (G.R.D.)
| | - Joep Grootjans
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.); (D.A.L.); (G.R.D.)
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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116
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Adamek HE, Hommelsheim A. [Intestinal and extraintestinal malignancies in inflammatory bowel disease: case series from a tertiary center]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2021; 60:320-325. [PMID: 34820805 DOI: 10.1055/a-1672-4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases have recorded increasing incidence. A long period of illness and immunsuppressive drugs run a high risk of complications, this is particularly true for neoplasias.Medical records of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases who developed a malignant disease during 2000 and 2020 were used for analysis.51 patients could be included. 56% of tumors were located extraintestinal and occurred more often in patient with Crohn's disease. Neoplasias were more frequent in men (61 %).Individual prevention recommendations are urgently needed. Our focus should be extended to extraintestinal neoplasias. Initial diagnosis is often made in the 50+ age group. Thus, standardizised prevention programs including life-style factors should be started at the time of IBD diagnosis.
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117
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Zeng X, Jia H, Zhang X, Wang X, Wang Z, Gao Z, Yuan Y, Yue T. Supplementation of kefir ameliorates azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium induced colorectal cancer by modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:11641-11655. [PMID: 34724014 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01729b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of kefir on colorectal cancer (CRC) via regulating the microbiota structure in the colon using the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) induced CRC mouse model. Mice in the treatment group were orally administered with milk or kefir. The gut microbiota composition was assessed by internally transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, the biomarkers associated with the gut barrier, inflammation, and cell proliferation regulators were evaluated. The results indicated that the size and the amount of tumor were decreased and the immunity regulators (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17a) and oncocyte proliferation indicator (Ki67, NF-κB, and β-catenin) were all decreased. Increased short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) lowered the pH in the colon and helped enhance the intestinal barrier. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Ascomycota/Basidiomycota ratio were decreased at the phylum level; the relative abundance of probiotics was increased and the pathogenic bacterium (Clostridium sensu stricto, Aspergillus and Talaromyces) were decreased after supplementation of kefir. Consequently, kefir could regulate the gut microbiota composition and ameliorate AOM/DSS induced colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hang Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhouli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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118
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Lai CY, Yeh KY, Liu BF, Chang TM, Chang CH, Liao YF, Liu YW, Her GM. MicroRNA-21 Plays Multiple Oncometabolic Roles in Colitis-Associated Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer via the PI3K/AKT, STAT3, and PDCD4/TNF-α Signaling Pathways in Zebrafish. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215565. [PMID: 34771727 PMCID: PMC8583575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high risk of developing CRC. Inflammatory cytokines are regulated by complex gene networks and regulatory RNAs, especially microRNAs. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is amongst the most frequently upregulated microRNAs in inflammatory responses and cancer development. miR-21 has become a target for genetic and pharmacological regulation in various diseases. However, the association between inflammation and tumorigenesis in the gut is largely unknown. Hence, in this study, we generated a zebrafish model (ImiR-21) with inducible overexpression of miR-21 in the intestine. The results demonstrate that miR-21 can induce CRC or colitis-associated cancer (CAC) in ImiR-21 through the PI3K/AKT, PDCD4/TNF-α, and IL-6/STAT3 signaling network. miR-21 activated the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways, leading to initial inflammation; thereafter, miR-21 and TNF-α repressed PDCD4 and its tumor suppression activity. Eventually, active STAT3 stimulated a strong inflammatory response and activated the invasion/metastasis process of tumor cells. Hence, our findings indicate that miR-21 is critical for the development of CRC/CAC via the PI3K/AKT, STAT3, and PDCD4/TNF-α signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yu Lai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (B.-F.L.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Chung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (B.-F.L.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Tzu-Ming Chang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (T.-M.C.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chuan-Hsun Chang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (T.-M.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Division of General Surgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Liao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, ICOB 238, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd., Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (B.-F.L.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Guor Mour Her
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (B.-F.L.); (Y.-W.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2826-7000 (ext. 7990)
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119
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Zhang D, Chen I, Liao X. Small Intestinal Adenocarcinomas Arising in Enteritis Cystica Profunda With Metaplasia: A Report of 2 Cases. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:759-764. [PMID: 34132683 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enteritis cystica profunda (ECP) is an uncommon benign condition arising after mucosal damage. We describe 2 cases of small intestinal adenocarcinomas associated with ECP at the distal ileum, one in a background of active Crohn ileitis (case 1), the other 22 years after pelvic radiation therapy (case 2). Both patients presented with small bowel obstruction and received ileocectomy. Macroscopic examination identified an indurated/strictured area in the distal ileum. Histologically, both cases showed a low-grade tubuloglandular adenocarcinoma arising in a background of chronic ischemic stricture and ECP lined by flat cuboidal cells with mild cytologic atypia resembling pancreatobiliary-type epithelium. There was no conventional dysplasia in the surface or adjacent mucosa. Immunohistochemically, both ECP with metaplasia and invasive carcinomas were diffusely positive for CK7 and CK19, while focally positive for CDX2 or CK20. Both cases showed normal wild-type p53 expression. Case 2 was also mismatch repair protein proficient, with membranous β-catenin staining, and retained nuclear SMAD4 expression. In summary, the 2 cases uniquely exhibits "enteritis-metaplasia-carcinoma" sequence, which has not been reported before. This process appears to bypass conventional dysplasia, be slow and indolent, independent of p53, APC/β-catenin, and SMAD4/TGFβ signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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120
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Yang L, Luo H, Tan D, Zhang S, Zhong Z, Wang S, Vong CT, Wang Y. A recent update on the use of Chinese medicine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153709. [PMID: 34560518 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic disease that is characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Proper management of IBD requires both early diagnosis and novel therapies and management programs. Many reports have suggested that Chinese medicine has unique properties favorable to the treatment of IBD. However, there are no systematic analyses on this topic. PURPOSE This review summarizes recent studies that assessed the effects and mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBD in order to fully understand the advantages of Chinese medicine in the management of IBD. METHODS A literature search was conducted using peer-reviewed and clinical databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Springer LINK, Wan-fang database, the Chinese Biomedicine Database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Keywords used were inflammatory bowel disease (including Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease) and Chinese medicine. All selected articles were from 1997 to 2021, and each were assessed critically for our exclusion criteria. Studies describing the pathogenesis of IBD, the effects and mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBD, in particular their roles in immune regulation, intestinal flora regulation, and improvement of intestinal barrier function, were included. CONCLUSION This review highlights recent progress in the use of Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBD. It also provides a reference for further evaluation and exploration of the potential of classical multi-herbal Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Dechao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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121
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Kłos P, Dabravolski SA. The Role of Mitochondria Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11673. [PMID: 34769108 PMCID: PMC8584106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the leading gut chronic inflammation disorders, especially prevalent in Western countries. Recent research suggests that mitochondria play a crucial role in IBD development and progression to the more severe disease-colorectal cancer (CRC). In this review, we focus on the role of mitochondrial mutations and dysfunctions in IBD and CRC. In addition, main mitochondria-related molecular pathways involved in IBD to CRC transition are discussed. Additionally, recent publications dedicated to mitochondria-targeted therapeutic approaches to cure IBD and prevent CRC progression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kłos
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 72 Al. Powstańców Wlkp., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora Str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus
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122
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Shi J, Ma W, Tang H. Research progress of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease treatment. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 50:659-665. [PMID: 34986542 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a recurrent chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with unknown etiology and no effective treatment. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) regulates a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes by mediating the hydrolysis of intracellular second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. In recent years, a series of researches suggest that PDE inhibitors such as several PDE4 inhibitors, PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil), PDE3 inhibitors (cilostazol), PDE9 inhibitor (PF-04447943) and PDE3/PDE4 double inhibitor (pumafentrine) have ameliorating effect on experimental colitis in animals. In clinical trials, PDE4 inhibitor apremilast showed more therapeutic advantage than tetomilast. This article reviews the recent research progress of PDE inhibitors in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Shi
- 3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wangqian Ma
- 3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huifang Tang
- 3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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123
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CCL11 exacerbates colitis and inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2021; 40:6540-6546. [PMID: 34625710 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1, is described as an eosinophil chemoattractant, which has been implicated in allergic and Th2 inflammatory diseases. We have reported that CCL11 is significantly increased in the serum of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, colonic eosinophils are increased and correlate with tissue CCL11 levels in ulcerative colitis patients, and CCL11 is increased in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis. Here, we show that CCL11 is involved in the pathogenesis of DSS-induced colitis and in colon tumorigenesis in the azoxymethane (AOM)-DSS model of colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC). Ccl11-/- mice exposed to DSS then allowed to recover had significantly less body weight loss and a decrease in histologic injury versus wild-type (WT) mice. In the AOM-DSS model, Ccl11-/- mice exhibited decreased colonic tumor number and burden, histologic injury, and colonic eosinophil infiltration versus WT mice. Ccl11 is expressed by both colonic epithelial and lamina propria immune cells. Studies in bone marrow chimera mice revealed that hematopoietic- and epithelial-cell-derived CCL11 were both important for tumorigenesis in the AOM-DSS model. These findings indicate that CCL11 is important in the regulation of colitis and associated carcinogenesis and thus anti-CCL11 antibodies may be useful for treatment and cancer chemoprevention in IBD.
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Hachiya K, Masuya M, Kuroda N, Yoneda M, Tsuboi J, Nagaharu K, Nishimura K, Shiotani T, Ohishi K, Tawara I, Katayama N. Irbesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, inhibits colitis-associated tumourigenesis by blocking the MCP-1/CCR2 pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19943. [PMID: 34620946 PMCID: PMC8497524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of anti-inflammatory therapies has enabled substantial improvement of disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, IBD can lead to serious complications such as intestinal fibrosis and colorectal cancer. Therefore, novel therapies reducing the development of these complications are needed. Angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes tissue inflammation by stimulating the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) or proinflammatory cytokines. It plays a pivotal role in IBD progression. Although blockade of Ang II has been reported to ameliorate experimental colitis and reduce colorectal cancer risk, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our previous work showed that irbesartan, an Ang II type 1 receptor blocker, reduced the number of C-C chemokine receptor 2-positive (CCR2+) monocytic cells in the inflamed pancreas. This study aimed to investigate the possible antifibrotic and antitumour effects of irbesartan using the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulphate mouse model. Irbesartan suppressed MCP-1 production and the accumulation of Ly6C+CCR2+ monocytes and fibrocytes in the inflamed colon, downregulated the expression of type 1 collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 9 and inhibited the development of intestinal fibrosis and tumours. Our observations suggest that blocking the MCP-1/CCR2 pathway using irbesartan might be beneficial in preventing colitis-associated colon tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Hachiya
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Masuya
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
- Course of Nursing Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Mie, 515-8557, Japan
| | - Misao Yoneda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Medical Technology Course, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0293, Japan
| | - Junya Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Keiki Nagaharu
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Komei Nishimura
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Shiotani
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kohshi Ohishi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Isao Tawara
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Katayama
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
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125
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Baumgart
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.C.B.); and Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, and the Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy - both in France (C.L.B.)
| | - Catherine Le Berre
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.C.B.); and Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, and the Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy - both in France (C.L.B.)
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Chemoradiotherapy for fistula-related perianal squamous cell carcinoma with Crohn's disease. Int Cancer Conf J 2021; 10:305-311. [PMID: 34567943 DOI: 10.1007/s13691-021-00497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reports of chemoradiotherapy for anal squamous cell carcinoma with Crohn's disease are few. Severe toxicity related to radiotherapy is concerned in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We report a case of chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced fistula-related perianal squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with long-standing Crohn's disease which was controlled by a maintenance therapy. The patient completed standard chemoradiotherapy using intensity-modulated radiotherapy without severe toxicity, and achieved complete remission. Standard chemoradiotherapy using intensity-modulated radiotherapy may be feasible and effective treatment for this population when Crohn's disease is controlled.
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Goc J, Lv M, Bessman NJ, Flamar AL, Sahota S, Suzuki H, Teng F, Putzel GG, Eberl G, Withers DR, Arthur JC, Shah MA, Sonnenberg GF. Dysregulation of ILC3s unleashes progression and immunotherapy resistance in colon cancer. Cell 2021; 184:5015-5030.e16. [PMID: 34407392 PMCID: PMC8454863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) regulate immunity and inflammation, yet their role in cancer remains elusive. Here, we identify that colorectal cancer (CRC) manifests with altered ILC3s that are characterized by reduced frequencies, increased plasticity, and an imbalance with T cells. We evaluated the consequences of these changes in mice and determined that a dialog between ILC3s and T cells via major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) is necessary to support colonization with microbiota that subsequently induce type-1 immunity in the intestine and tumor microenvironment. As a result, mice lacking ILC3-specific MHCII develop invasive CRC and resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Finally, humans with dysregulated intestinal ILC3s harbor microbiota that fail to induce type-1 immunity and immunotherapy responsiveness when transferred to mice. Collectively, these data define a protective role for ILC3s in cancer and indicate that their inherent disruption in CRC drives dysfunctional adaptive immunity, tumor progression, and immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Goc
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengze Lv
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bessman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Flamar
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheena Sahota
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fei Teng
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory G Putzel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard Eberl
- Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David R Withers
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janelle C Arthur
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Manish A Shah
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, Center for Advanced Digestive Care, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory F Sonnenberg
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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Colon Cancer in Patients with Crohn’s Disease and Diabetes Mellitus. ARS MEDICA TOMITANA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/arsm-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus and colorectal cancer are diseases with an increasing impact on the population. Colorectal cancer is a well-recognized complication of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s colitis. Here we describe an unusual case of diabetes mellitus, Crohn`s colitis-associated cancer.
Case report: We report the case of a 49-year-old woman, known with Crohn's disease and diabetes, who developed a transverse colon adenocarcinoma associated with multiple outbreaks of high-grade or low-grade intraepithelial dysplasia/neoplasia, for which a subtotal proctocolectomy with ileorecto-anastomosis with “J” pouch it was made.
Conclusions: The risk of colonic carcinoma in Crohn's disease is increasing. An association of colorectal cancer with diabet mellitus and inflammatory bowel disease has been established. From diagnosis to treatment the management of these cases can be difficult and challenging.
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129
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Greuter T, Vavricka S, König AO, Beaugerie L, Scharl M. Malignancies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Digestion 2021; 101 Suppl 1:136-145. [PMID: 32799195 DOI: 10.1159/000509544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, primarily of, but not restricted to, the gut. Association between IBD and cancer has been clearly established and is uniformly accepted. SUMMARY IBD patients are at particular risk for intestinal and extraintestinal cancers. There are 2 underlying mechanisms: (1) IBD-related inflammation triggers initiation and progression of tumor formation. This particularly results in the development of colorectal cancer, small bowel adenocarcinoma, intestinal lymphoma, anal cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma. (2) Immunosuppressive drugs exhibit carcinogenic properties such as shown for azathioprine and anti-TNF promoting lymphoproliferative malignancies and melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. However, within the last years, IBD-related cancer incidence and prevalence have been decreasing, which might be attributed to better treatment options and surveillance strategies. Moreover, novel biological drugs have been introduced in clinical practice and have dramatically changed long-term IBD management. Therefore, we sought to summarize up-to-date knowledge about (1) overall cancer risk; (2) risk and protective factors for cancer development; and (3) inflammation- and immunosuppression-related malignancies in the current anti-TNF era of IBD. Key Messages: Recent studies and meta-analyses questioned the excess rates of cancer in IBD patients. However, IBD still is associated with cancer development due to ongoing intestinal inflammation and the use of potential carcinogenic drugs. Patients should be educated about the increased risk of cancer with IBD and IBD drugs. However, they should also be informed that most malignancy subtypes are possibly preventable by controlling intestinal inflammation and by using adequate screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Greuter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, .,Department of Internal Medicine, GZO - Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland,
| | - Stephan Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander O König
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laurent Beaugerie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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130
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Sellam J, Morel J, Tournadre A, Bouhnik Y, Cornec D, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Dieudé P, Goupille P, Jullien D, Kluger N, Lazaro E, Le Goff B, de Lédinghen V, Lequerré T, Nocturne G, Seror R, Truchetet ME, Verhoeven F, Pham T, Richez C. PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT of patients on anti-TNF therapy: Practical guidelines drawn up by the Club Rhumatismes et Inflammation (CRI). Joint Bone Spine 2021; 88:105174. [PMID: 33992225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Sellam
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Morel
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Tournadre
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yoram Bouhnik
- Service de Gastro-entérologie, CHU Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Divi Cornec
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU La Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | | | - Philippe Dieudé
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Kluger
- Dpt Dermatology, Helsinki, Finland; Service de Dermatologie, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- Service de Médecine interne, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | - Victor de Lédinghen
- Unité d'Hépatologie et transplantation hépatique, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | | | - Raphaèle Seror
- Service de Rhumatologie, Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | | | - Thao Pham
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
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131
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Liu S, Ma Y, You W, Li J, Li JN, Qian JM. Hamartomatous polyposis syndrome associated malignancies: Risk, pathogenesis and endoscopic surveillance. J Dig Dis 2021; 22:444-451. [PMID: 34145757 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hamartomatous polyposis syndromes (HPS) are a heterogeneous spectrum of diseases that are characterized by diffuse hamartomatous polyps lining the gastrointestinal (GI) tract together with extra-GI manifestations. Classical HPS includes juvenile polyposis syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome and hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome. Patients with HPS have a higher risk of GI and extra-GI malignancies than the general population, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and are obviously different from the carcinogenesis of classical adenocarcinoma and colitis-associated malignancy. In this review we aimed to clarify the risks, possible mechanism and endoscopic surveillance of HPS-associated GI malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen You
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Nan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Ming Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Nascimento C, Oliveira H, Fidalgo C, Ramos L, Glória L, Torres J. Aggressive Colorectal Cancer in an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patient following Treatment with Vedolizumab: A Case Report. GE-PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021; 29:203-208. [DOI: 10.1159/000516673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The increased risk of bowel cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease can be related with the extent, duration and severity of inflammation or with the cancer immune surveillance interference of immunosuppressive drugs used in inflammatory bowel disease treatment. Therefore, the risk-benefit ratio associated with long-term therapeutic strategies should be based on the patient’s age, sex, comorbidities and disease phenotype. <b><i>Case Report:</i></b> We present the case of a 76-year-old man with a history of melanoma stage Clark III and steroid-dependent left-sided colitis, refractory to mesalamine and thiopurines, with a diagnosis of a multifocal colorectal adenocarcinoma shortly after clinical and endoscopic remission 1 year after starting vedolizumab. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Vedolizumab is a gut-selective monoclonal anti-α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub>-integrin antibody that inhibits lymphocyte migration into the gastrointestinal submucosa. Its effectiveness for induction and maintenance of remission and its favorable safety profile make it an alternative in patients with chronic refractory colitis and contraindications to anti-TNF-α. However, there is the hypothesis that, by reducing the migration of activated leukocytes to the gastrointestinal tract, it may also reduce immunosurveillance, increasing the colorectal malignancy risk in the long term. More studies are necessary to address this issue.
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Risk Factors of Urothelial Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153257. [PMID: 34362041 PMCID: PMC8347965 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal cancers are important complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A limited number of publications are available regarding the association between IBD and urothelial cancer. The primary outcome of our study was the comparison of the prevalence of urothelial cancer in patients with IBD with respect to the prevalence in the general population. Secondary outcomes were the assessment of risk factors for the onset of urothelial cancer in IBD. In a retrospective study we examined the medical records of all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD followed in our clinic between 1978 and 2021. For each of the patients with identified urothelial cancer, more than ten patients without cancer were analyzed. Furthermore, 5739 patients with IBD were analyzed and 24 patients diagnosed with urothelial cancer were identified. The incidence of urothelial cancer, compared with the incidence in the general population, was not significantly different (0.42% vs. 0.42%; p = 0.98). Twenty-three cases were then compared (1 case was discarded due to lack of follow-up data) against 250 controls. During the multivariate analysis, smoking (odds ratio, OR = 8.15; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.76-37.63; p = 0.007) and male sex (OR = 4.04; 95% CI = 1.29-12.66; p = 0.016) were found as risk factors. In conclusion, patients with IBD have a similar risk of developing urothelial cancer compared to the general population, but males with a history of smoking are at increased risk.
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Qin Y, Yu Y, Yang C, Wang Z, Yang Y, Wang C, Zheng Q, Li D, Xu W. Atractylenolide I Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer via Suppressing Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:674340. [PMID: 34335248 PMCID: PMC8320763 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.674340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an important high-risk factor that promotes the occurrence and development of colon cancer. Research on the mechanism of regulating NLRP3 can provide potential targets for treating NLRP3 inflammasome–related diseases and changing the inflammatory potential of immune cells. In this study, the effects of atractylenolide I on colitis-associated CRC (caCRC) and inflammasome activation were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the role of atractylenolide I on Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission was analyzed via Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, the Drp1 overexpression lentiviral vector was used to study the role of Drp1 on the signaling mechanisms of atractylenolide I. Atractylenolide I treatment significantly reduced the cell viability of human HCT116 and SW480 cells and induced apoptosis, and effectively inhibited colon tumors in the AOM/DSS mouse model. The reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and excessive fission of mitochondria mediated by Drp1 were associated with the administration of atractylenolide I. Upregulation of Drp1 reversed the inhibitory effect of atractylenolide I on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Overexpressing the Drp1 expression counteracted the restraint of atractylenolide I on the release of IL-1β of LPS/DSS-stimulated BMDMs. Atractylenolide I inhibited NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression in mice BMDMs, with no influence in the Drp1-overexpressed BMDMs. These results demonstrated that atractylenolide I inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in colitis-associated colorectal cancer via suppressing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Qin
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanwei Yu
- Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
| | - Chendong Yang
- Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
| | - Zhuien Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chongxu Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Defang Li
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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135
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Krotenberg Garcia A, Fumagalli A, Le HQ, Jackstadt R, Lannagan TRM, Sansom OJ, van Rheenen J, Suijkerbuijk SJE. Active elimination of intestinal cells drives oncogenic growth in organoids. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109307. [PMID: 34233177 PMCID: PMC8278394 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Competitive cell interactions play a crucial role in quality control during development and homeostasis. Here, we show that cancer cells use such interactions to actively eliminate wild-type intestine cells in enteroid monolayers and organoids. This apoptosis-dependent process boosts proliferation of intestinal cancer cells. The remaining wild-type population activates markers of primitive epithelia and transits to a fetal-like state. Prevention of this cell-state transition avoids elimination of wild-type cells and, importantly, limits the proliferation of cancer cells. Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling is activated in competing cells and is required for cell-state change and elimination of wild-type cells. Thus, cell competition drives growth of cancer cells by active out-competition of wild-type cells through forced cell death and cell-state change in a JNK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Krotenberg Garcia
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Arianna Fumagalli
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Huy Quang Le
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Owen James Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
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136
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Martineau C, Lefèvre JH, Chafai N, O'Connell L, Svrcek M, Beaugerie L. Intraoperative random biopsies of strictureplasty sites can detect early small-bowel adenocarcinoma in patients with Crohn's disease. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:924-926. [PMID: 33994124 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Martineau
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Department of Gastroenterology, Paris F75012, France
| | - Jérémie H Lefèvre
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Department of Digestive Surgery, Paris F75012, France
| | - Najim Chafai
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Department of Digestive Surgery, Paris F75012, France
| | - Lauren O'Connell
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Magali Svrcek
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Department of Pathology, Paris F75012, France
| | - Laurent Beaugerie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Department of Gastroenterology, 75571 Paris CEDEX 12, Paris F75012, France.
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137
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López-Serrano A, Suárez MJ, Besó P, Algarra A, Latorre P, Barrachina MM, Paredes JM. Virtual chromoendoscopy with iSCAN as an alternative method to dye-spray chromoendoscopy for dysplasia detection in long-standing colonic inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:820-828. [PMID: 34043920 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1925339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with long-standing colonic inflammatory bowel disease (cIBD) are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Dye-spray chromoendoscopy (DCE) with targeted biopsies is the preferred technique for surveillance of dysplasia. Virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE) are arising to improve detection rates and adherence to surveillance guidelines, although its role is not yet well defined. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of VCE with iSCAN as an alternative method for dysplasia detection in cIBD. METHODS Retrospective case-control study with 191 patients included, 98 in the DCE (Indigo carmine) group and 93 in the VCE (iSCAN, twin-mode 1-3) group. The dysplasia detection and the exploration time were analysed. A logistic regression analysis was performed to ascertain the factors related to colonic dysplasia. RESULTS A total of 44 dysplastic lesions were detected in 21 (11%) patients. No differences were found in the per lesion and the per patient analysis (dysplastic versus non-dysplastic). Median withdrawal time was shorter in the VCE group than in the DCE group (9 min versus 14 min; p < .001). Location of lesions in the right colon was independently associated with an increased risk for colonic dysplasia (OR = 4.04, 95%CI 1.11-14.65; p = .034) after adjusting for age at inclusion, age at diagnosis, high risk for CRC and Kudo pit pattern. CONCLUSIONS VCE with iSCAN presents a similar diagnostic performance to conventional DCE in the detection of colonic dysplasia in patients with long-standing cIBD. Furthermore, VCE with iSCAN is a less time-consuming surveillance alternative to DCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio López-Serrano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María J Suárez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Besó
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angela Algarra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Latorre
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - María M Barrachina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Paredes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
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138
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Noe O, Filipiak L, Royfman R, Campbell A, Lin L, Hamouda D, Stanbery L, Nemunaitis J. Adenomatous polyposis coli in cancer and therapeutic implications. Oncol Rev 2021; 15:534. [PMID: 34267890 PMCID: PMC8256374 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2021.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and consequential upregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway are critical initiators in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer in the United States for both men and women. Emerging evidence suggests APCmutations are also found in gastric, breast and other cancers. The APC gene, located on chromosome 5q, is responsible for negatively regulating the b-catenin/Wnt pathway by creating a destruction complex with Axin/Axin2, GSK-3b, and CK1. In the event of an APC mutation, b-catenin accumulates, translocates to the cell nucleus and increases the transcription of Wnt target genes that have carcinogenic consequences in gastrointestinal epithelial stem cells. A literature review was conducted to highlight carcinogenesis related to APC mutations, as well as preclinical and clinical studies for potential therapies that target steps in inflammatory pathways, including IL-6 transduction, and Wnt pathway signaling regulation. Although a range of molecular targets have been explored in murine models, relatively few pharmacological agents have led to substantial increases in survival for patients with colorectal cancer clinically. This article reviews a range of molecular targets that may be efficacious targets for tumors with APC mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Noe
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Louis Filipiak
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Rachel Royfman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Austin Campbell
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Leslie Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Danae Hamouda
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Laura Stanbery
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
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139
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Cheng Y, Cheng C, Yao J, Yu Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Miao L, Wei H. Mn
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Nanozyme for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Chaoqun Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics Nanjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Periodontology Nanjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Leiying Miao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics Nanjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
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140
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Chen C, Liu X, Gong L, Zhu T, Zhou W, Kong L, Luo J. Identification of Tubocapsanolide A as a novel NLRP3 inhibitor for potential treatment of colitis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114645. [PMID: 34090877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence have reported that NLRP3 inflammasome has a crucial role in various kinds of immunological diseases including colitis. However, there have only a few drug candidates directly targeting inflammasomes for the therapy of colitis. Here, we first reported that Tubocapsanolide A (TA), a natural small molecule, as a novel inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of colitis. TA inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and suppressed the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in macrophages. Moreover, the ASC oligomerization was inhibited by TA. The assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome was also restrained by TA, while had little effects on potassium and chloride efflux. Biolayer interferometry analysis showed that TA could directly bind to NLRP3. Importantly, LC-MS/MS analysis further demonstrated that TA covalently bound to the cysteine 514 residue (Cys514) of NLRP3. In vivo experiments showed that TA remarkably ameliorated DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. However, the protection of TA against DSS-induced experimental colitis was abrogated in NLRP3-deficient (Nlrp3-/-) mice. Taken together, this study indicates TA as a novel inhibitor of NLRP3, which identifies Cys514 as a novel regulatory site of NLRP3 and suggests TA as a promising candidate compound for the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijie Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wuxi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jianguang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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141
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Núñez F P, Krugliak Cleveland N, Quera R, Rubin DT. Evolving role of endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease: Going beyond diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:2521-2530. [PMID: 34092973 PMCID: PMC8160621 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i20.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, are chronic immune-mediated inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract with periods of activity and remission. Large body of evidence exist to strengthen the prognostic role of endoscopic evaluation for both disease activity and severity and it remains the gold standard for the assessment of mucosal healing. Mucosal healing has been associated with improved clinical outcomes with prolonged remission, decreased hospitalization, IBD-related surgeries and colorectal cancer risk. Therefore, endoscopic objectives in IBD have been incorporated as part of standard care. With the known increased risk of colorectal cancer in IBD, although prevention strategies continue to develop, regular surveillance for early detection of neoplasia continue to be paramount in IBD patients’ care. It is thanks to evolving technology and visualization techniques that surveillance strategies are continuously advancing. Therapeutic endoscopic options in IBD have also been expanding, from surgery sparing therapies such as balloon dilation of fibrostenotic strictures in CD to endoscopic mucosal resection of neoplastic lesions. In this review article, we discuss the current evidence on the use of endoscopy as part of standard of care of IBD, its role in surveillance of neoplasia, and the role of interventional endoscopic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Núñez F
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Clinica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620157, RM, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santiago 8350488, RM, Chile
| | - Noa Krugliak Cleveland
- University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Rodrigo Quera
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Clinica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620157, RM, Chile
| | - David T Rubin
- University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
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142
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Li H, Christman LM, Li R, Gu L. Synergic interactions between polyphenols and gut microbiota in mitigating inflammatory bowel diseases. Food Funct 2021; 11:4878-4891. [PMID: 32490857 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00713g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic and recurring inflammatory conditions in the colon and intestine. Their etiology is not fully understood but involves the combination of gut dysbiosis, genetics, immune functions, and environmental factors including diet. Polyphenols from plant-based food synergistically interact with gut microbiota to suppress inflammation and alleviate symptoms of IBD. Polyphenols increase the diversity of gut microbiota, improve the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, and inhibit the pathogenic species. Polyphenols not absorbed in the small intestine are catabolized in the colon by microbiota into microbial metabolites, many of which have higher anti-inflammatory activity and bioavailability than their precursors. The polyphenols and their microbial metabolites alleviate IBD through reduction of oxidative stress, inhibition of inflammatory cytokines secretion (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β), suppression of NF-κB, upregulation of Nrf2, gut barrier protection, and modulation of immune function. Future studies are needed to discover unknown microbial metabolites of polyphenols and correlate specific gut microbes with microbial metabolites and IBD mitigating activity. A better knowledge of the synergistic interactions between polyphenols and gut microbiota will help to devise more effective prevention strategies for IBD. This review focuses on the role of polyphenols, gut microbiota and their synergistic interactions on the alleviation of IBD as well as current trends and future directions of IBD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Lindsey M Christman
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Liwei Gu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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143
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Kim SE. [How Should We Do Different Approach to Treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Gender Difference?]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021; 77:241-247. [PMID: 34035202 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2021.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although not as prominent, there are gender/sex differences in incidence/prevalence, clinical manifestation and disease course, comorbidities, therapeutic response, and patients coping strategy to the disease of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, current knowledge about gender-specific differences in IBD would be provided and how to apply this in clinical practice be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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144
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Galectin-1 fosters an immunosuppressive microenvironment in colorectal cancer by reprogramming CD8 + regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102950118. [PMID: 34006646 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102950118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although immunotherapy has taken center stage in mainstream oncology, it has shown limited clinical efficacy in CRC, generating an urgent need for discovery of new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous glycan-binding protein, induces tolerogenic programs and contributes to tumor cell evasion of immune responses. Here, we investigated the relevance of Gal-1 in CRC and explored its modulatory activity within the CD8+ regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment. Mice lacking Gal-1 (Lgals1 -/- ) developed a lower number of tumors and showed a decreased frequency of a particular population of CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs in the azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate model of colitis-associated CRC. Moreover, silencing of tumor-derived Gal-1 in the syngeneic CT26 CRC model resulted in reduced number and attenuated immunosuppressive capacity of CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs, leading to slower tumor growth. Moreover, stromal Gal-1 also influenced the fitness of CD8+ Tregs, highlighting the contribution of both tumor and stromal-derived Gal-1 to this immunoregulatory effect. Finally, bioinformatic analysis of a colorectal adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset revealed a particular signature characterized by high CD8+ Treg score and elevated Gal-1 expression, which delineates poor prognosis in human CRC. Our findings identify CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs as a target of the immunoregulatory activity of Gal-1, suggesting a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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145
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Ahmed W, Lukin DJ. Finding a Needle in the Haystack? Defining the Role of Random Biopsies in IBD Dysplasia Surveillance. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:787-790. [PMID: 32812050 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ahmed
- Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana J Lukin
- Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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146
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Fucoxanthin and Colorectal Cancer Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102379. [PMID: 34069132 PMCID: PMC8156579 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is suggested to be preventable by certain food intakes. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is an anticancer agent contained abundantly in edible brown algae. However, epidemiological studies, in vivo and in vitro experiments for CRC, using Fx and Fx-rich foods, have not been fully outlined. To date, it has been reported that Fx, its metabolite of fucoxanthinol (FxOH) and Fx-rich algal extracts exerted anticancer potentials in human CRC cell lines, their cancer stem-cells-like spheroids and CRC animal models through a number of molecular mechanisms. Moreover, many in vivo experiments and interventional human trials have demonstrated that Fx, Fx-rich algal extracts and brown alga itself may improve CRC and/or certain risks, such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, oxidation, tumor microenvironment and/or gut microbiota. This review is the first report that summarizes the improving effects by Fx, FxOH and its rich brown algae for CRC and the risk factors. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC), which ranks among the top 10 most prevalent cancers, can obtain a good outcome with appropriate surgery and/or chemotherapy. However, the global numbers of both new cancer cases and death from CRC are expected to increase up to 2030. Diet-induced lifestyle modification is suggested to be effective in reducing the risk of human CRC; therefore, interventional studies using diets or diet-derived compounds have been conducted to explore the prevention of CRC. Fucoxanthin (Fx), a dietary carotenoid, is predominantly contained in edible brown algae, such as Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) and Himanthalia elongata (Sea spaghetti), which are consumed particularly frequently in Asian countries but also in some Western countries. Fx is responsible for a majority of the anticancer effects exerted by the lipophilic bioactive compounds in those algae. Interventional human trials have shown that Fx and brown algae mitigate certain risk factors for CRC; however, the direct mechanisms underlying the anti-CRC properties of Fx remain elusive. Fx and its deacetylated type “fucoxanthinol” (FxOH) have been reported to exert potential anticancer effects in preclinical cancer models through the suppression of many cancer-related signal pathways and the tumor microenvironment or alteration of the gut microbiota. We herein review the most recent studies on Fx as a potential candidate drug for CRC prevention.
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147
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Role of Gut Microbiota and Probiotics in Colorectal Cancer: Onset and Progression. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051021. [PMID: 34068653 PMCID: PMC8151957 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body, and the disruption of these communities can lead to compromised host health and the onset of disease. Current research on probiotics is quite promising and, in particular, these microorganisms have demonstrated their potential for use as adjuvants for the treatment of colorectal cancer. This review addresses the possible applications of probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and next-generation probiotics in colorectal cancer research.
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148
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Li JW, Ang TL. Colonoscopy and artificial intelligence: Bridging the gap or a gap needing to be bridged? Artif Intell Gastrointest Endosc 2021; 2:36-49. [DOI: 10.37126/aige.v2.i2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in artificial intelligence (AI) in gastroenterology has increased over the last decade. Colonoscopy represents the most widely published field with regards to its use in gastroenterology. Most studies to date center on polyp detection and characterization, as well as real-time evaluation of adequacy of mucosal exposure for inspection. This review article discusses how advances in AI has bridged certain gaps in colonoscopy. In addition, the gaps formed with the development of AI that currently prevent its routine use in colonoscopy will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Weiquan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Tiing Leong Ang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
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149
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Wu CF, Wu CY, Chiou RYY, Yang WC, Lin CF, Wang CM, Hou PH, Lin TC, Kuo CY, Chang GR. The Anti-Cancer Effects of a Zotarolimus and 5-Fluorouracil Combination Treatment on A549 Cell-Derived Tumors in BALB/c Nude Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4562. [PMID: 33925400 PMCID: PMC8123799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zotarolimus is a semi-synthetic derivative of rapamycin and a novel immunosuppressive agent used to prevent graft rejection. The pharmacological pathway of zotarolimus restricts the kinase activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which potentially leads to reductions in cell division, cell growth, cell proliferation, and inflammation. These pathways have a critical influence on tumorigenesis. This study aims to examine the anti-tumor effect of zotarolimus or zotarolimus combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line implanted in BALB/c nude mice by estimating tumor growth, apoptosis expression, inflammation, and metastasis. We established A549 xenografts in nude mice, following which we randomly divided the mice into four groups: control, 5-FU (100 mg/kg/week), zotarolimus (2 mg/kg/day), and zotarolimus combined with 5-FU. Compared the results with those for control mice, we found that mice treated with zotarolimus or zotarolimus combined with 5-FU retarded tumor growth; increased tumor apoptosis through the enhanced expression of cleaved caspase 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation; decreased inflammation cytokines levels (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6); reduced inflammation-related factors such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) mRNA; enhanced anti-inflammation-related factors including IL-10 and inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α (IκBα) mRNA; and inhibited metastasis-related factors such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), CD44, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Notably, mice treated with zotarolimus combined with 5-FU had significantly retarded tumor growth, reduced tumor size, and increased tumor inhibition compared with the groups of mice treated with 5-FU or zotarolimus alone. The in vivo study confirmed that zotarolimus or zotarolimus combined with 5-FU could retard lung adenocarcinoma growth and inhibit tumorigenesis. Zotarolimus and 5-FU were found to have an obvious synergistic tumor-inhibiting effect on lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, both zotarolimus alone and zotarolimus combined with 5-FU may be potential anti-tumor agents for treatment of human lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Feng Wu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Linkou, 5 Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-F.W.); (C.-Y.W.)
| | - Ching-Yang Wu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Linkou, 5 Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-F.W.); (C.-Y.W.)
| | - Robin Y.-Y. Chiou
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Cheng Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4 Section, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Min Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.)
| | - Po-Hsun Hou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 4 Section, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 2 Section, 155 Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.)
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 231405, Taiwan
| | - Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.)
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Nakanishi R, Shimizu T, Kumagai K, Takai A, Marusawa H. Genetic Pathogenesis of Inflammation-Associated Cancers in Digestive Organs. Pathogens 2021; 10:453. [PMID: 33918902 PMCID: PMC8069378 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological, clinical, and biological studies convincingly demonstrate that chronic inflammation predisposes to the development of human cancers. In digestive organs, inflammation-associated cancers include colitis-associated colorectal cancers, Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer, as well as Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma associated with chronic duodenogastric-esophageal reflux. Cancer is a genomic disease, and stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations of tumor-related genes leads to the development of tumor cells. Recent genome analyses show that genetic alterations, which are evoked by inflammation, are latently accumulated in inflamed epithelial cells of digestive organs. Production of reactive oxygen and aberrant expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase, a nucleotide-editing enzyme, could be induced in inflamed gastrointestinal epithelial cells and play a role as a genomic modulator of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. Understanding the molecular linkage between inflammation and genetic alterations will open up a new field of tumor biology and provide a novel strategy for the prevention of inflammation-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Red Cross Osaka Hospital, Osaka 543-8555, Japan;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.S.); (K.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.S.); (K.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Ken Kumagai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.S.); (K.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Atsushi Takai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.S.); (K.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Marusawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Red Cross Osaka Hospital, Osaka 543-8555, Japan;
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