101
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You W, Di A, Zhang L, Zhao G. Effects of wogonin on the growth and metastasis of colon cancer through the Hippo signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2586-2597. [PMID: 35037825 PMCID: PMC8973922 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2019173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wogonin is an effective component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which exhibits anti-tumor activity. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of wogonin on colon cancer (CC). Human CC cell lines, SW480 and HCT116, were cultured, and MTT assay was performed to detect cell survival. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to measure mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The migration and invasion abilities of the CC cells were determined by a transwell assay. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine the localization of IRF3. Xenograft mice were used to investigate the effects of wogonin on CC in vivo. Wogonin inhibited the survival and metastasis of CC cells. In addition, wogonin suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the protein expression of YAP1 and IRF3 was downregulated, and p-YAP1 was upregulated after wogonin treatment. Wogonin also suppressed IRF3 expression in the nuclei of CC cells and overexpression of YAP1 reversed the effects of wogonin in CC cells. Finally, wogonin inhibited the tumor growth in the mice and overexpression of YAP1 reversed the wogonin effects. Thus, these results showed that wogonin relieved the carcinogenic behaviors and EMT of CC cells via the IRF3-mediated Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli You
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiting Di
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lize Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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102
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Kumar B, Adebayo AK, Prasad M, Capitano ML, Wang R, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Anjanappa M, Simpson E, Chen D, Liu Y, Schilder JM, Colter AB, Maguire C, Temm CJ, Sandusky G, Doud EH, Wijeratne AB, Mosley AL, Broxmeyer HE, Nakshatri H. Tumor collection/processing under physioxia uncovers highly relevant signaling networks and drug sensitivity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabh3375. [PMID: 35020422 PMCID: PMC8754301 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies of primary cancer cells are typically done after tumors are removed from patients or animals at ambient atmospheric oxygen (O2, ~21%). However, O2 concentrations in organs are in the ~3 to 10% range, with most tumors in a hypoxic or 1 to 2% O2 environment in vivo. Although effects of O2 tension on tumor cell characteristics in vitro have been studied, these studies are done only after tumors are first collected and processed in ambient air. Similarly, sensitivity of primary cancer cells to anticancer agents is routinely examined at ambient O2. Here, we demonstrate that tumors collected, processed, and propagated at physiologic O2 compared to ambient air display distinct differences in key signaling networks including LGR5/WNT, YAP, and NRF2/KEAP1, nuclear reactive oxygen species, alternative splicing, and sensitivity to targeted therapies. Therefore, evaluating cancer cells under physioxia could more closely recapitulate their physiopathologic status in the in vivo microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Adedeji K. Adebayo
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mayuri Prasad
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Maegan L. Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ruizhong Wang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Manjushree Anjanappa
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Edward Simpson
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Duojiao Chen
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jeanne M. Schilder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Austyn B. Colter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Callista Maguire
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Constance J. Temm
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Emma H. Doud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Aruna B. Wijeratne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amber L. Mosley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hal E. Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- VA Roudebush Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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103
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Lui JW, Moore SP, Huang L, Ogomori K, Li Y, Lang D. YAP facilitates melanoma migration through regulation of actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 (ARPC5). Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:52-65. [PMID: 34468072 PMCID: PMC8958630 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators that have been implicated in driving metastasis and progression in many cancers, mainly through their transcriptional regulation of downstream targets. Although YAP and TAZ have shown redundancy in many contexts, it is still unknown whether or not this is true in melanoma. Here, we show that while both YAP and TAZ are expressed in a panel of melanoma cell lines, depletion of YAP results in decreased cell numbers, focal adhesions, and the ability to invade matrigel. Using non-biased RNA-sequencing analysis, we find that melanoma cells depleted of YAP, TAZ, or YAP/TAZ exhibit drastically different transcriptomes. We further uncover the ARP2/3 subunit ARPC5 as a specific target of YAP but not TAZ and that ARPC5 is essential for YAP-dependent maintenance of melanoma cell focal adhesion numbers. Our findings suggest that in melanoma, YAP drives melanoma progression, survival, and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W. Lui
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston MA, 02118,Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago Il, 60637,These authors contributed equally
| | - Stephen P.G. Moore
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston MA, 02118,These authors contributed equally
| | - Lee Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston MA, 02118
| | - Kelsey Ogomori
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago Il, 60637
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago Il, 60637
| | - Deborah Lang
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston MA, 02118
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104
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TEAD4 Nuclear Localization and Regulation by miR-4269 and miR-1343-3p in Colorectal Carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 231:153791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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105
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Liao J, Zheng Y, Hu M, Xu P, Lin L, Liu X, Wu Y, Huang B, Ye X, Li S, Duan R, Fu H, Huang J, Wen L, Fu Y, Kilby MD, Kenny LC, Baker PN, Qi H, Tong C. Impaired Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Synthesis Induces Preeclampsia by Deactivating Trophoblastic YAP (Yes-Associated Protein) Through S1PR2 (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-2)-Induced Actin Polymerizations. Hypertension 2021; 79:399-412. [PMID: 34865521 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete spiral artery remodeling, caused by impaired extravillous trophoblast invasion, is a fundamental pathogenic process associated with malplacentation and the development of preeclampsia. Nevertheless, the mechanisms controlling this regulation of trophoblast invasion are largely unknown. We report that sphingosine-1-phosphate synthesis and expression is abundant in healthy trophoblast, whereas in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia the placentae are associated with reduced sphingosine-1-phosphate and lower SPHK1 (sphingosine kinase 1) expression and activity. In vivo inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1 activity during placentation in pregnant mice led to decreased placental sphingosine-1-phosphate production and defective placentation, resulting in a preeclampsia phenotype. Moreover, sphingosine-1-phosphate increased HTR8/SVneo (immortalized trophoblast cells) cell invasion in a Hippo-signaling-dependent transcriptional coactivator YAP (Yes-associated protein) dependent manner, which is activated by S1PR2 (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-2) and downstream RhoA/ROCK induced actin polymerization. Mutation-based YAP-5SA demonstrated that sphingosine-1-phosphate activation of YAP could be either dependent or independent of Hippo signaling. Together, these findings suggest a novel pathogenic pathway of preeclampsia via disrupted sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism and signaling-induced, interrupted actin dynamics and YAP deactivation; this may lead to potential novel intervention targets for the prevention and management of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujiang Liao
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Yangxi Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston (Y.Z.).,Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (Y.Z.)
| | - Mingyu Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Xiyao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Xuan Ye
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Ran Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Huijia Fu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Jiayu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Mark D Kilby
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham and the Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (M.D.K.)
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (L.C.K.)
| | - Philip N Baker
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.N.B.)
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Chongqing Women and Children's Health Center, China (H.Q.)
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
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106
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Ding Y, Wang G, Zhan M, Sun X, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Liu B, Liu Q, Wu S, Zhou Z. Hippo signaling suppresses tumor cell metastasis via a Yki-Src42A positive feedback loop. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1126. [PMID: 34862372 PMCID: PMC8642408 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is an important cause of death from malignant tumors. It is of great significance to explore the molecular mechanism of metastasis for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Here, we find that the Hippo pathway hampers tumor cell metastasis in vivo. Silence of hpo or its downstream wts promotes tumor cell migration in a Yki-dependent manner. Furthermore, we identify that inhibition of the Hippo pathway promotes tumor cell migration through transcriptional activating src42A, a Drosophila homolog of the SRC oncogene. Yki activates src42A transcription through direct binding its intron region. Intriguingly, Src42A further increases Yki transcriptional activity to form a positive feedback loop. Finally, we show that SRC is also a target of YAP and important for YAP to promote the migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Together, our findings uncover a conserved Yki/YAP-Src42A/SRC positive feedback loop promoting tumor cell migration and provide SRC as a potential therapeutic target for YAP-driven metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai’an, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- grid.452930.90000 0004 1757 8087Center of Intervention radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, 519000 Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai’an, China
| | - Yanran Deng
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai’an, China
| | - Bin Liu
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai’an, China
| | - Qingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China.
| | - Shian Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China.
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Kaur S, Najm MZ, Khan MA, Akhter N, Shingatgeri VM, Sikenis M, Sadaf , Aloliqi AA. Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer: Dwelling the Hippo Pathway to Manage the Treatment. BREAST CANCER: TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 13:691-700. [PMID: 34938116 PMCID: PMC8685960 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s343329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer can be categorized as a commonly occurring cancer among women with a high mortality rate. Due to the repetitive treatment cycles, it has been noted that the patients develop resistance towards the chemotherapeutic drugs and remain unresponsive towards them. Therefore, many researchers are studying various signaling pathways involved in drug resistance for cancer treatment to overcome the obstacle. Hippo signaling is a widely studied pathway involved in tumor progression and controlling cell proliferation. Hence, understanding the aspects of the gene involved Hippo pathway would provide an insight into the mechanism behind the resistance and result in the development of new treatments. Here, we review the Hippo signaling pathway in humans and how the expression of different components leads to the regulation of resistance against some of the common chemo-drugs used in breast cancer treatment. The article will also discuss the chemotherapeutics that became ineffective due to the resistance and the mechanism following the process.
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108
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Li X, Lin YY, Tan JY, Liu KL, Shen XL, Hu YJ, Yang RY. Lappaol F, an anticancer agent, inhibits YAP via transcriptional and post-translational regulation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:619-628. [PMID: 34010589 PMCID: PMC8143639 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1923759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lappaol F (LAF), a natural lignan from Arctium lappa Linné (Asteraceae), inhibits tumour cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest. However, its underlying anticancer mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The effects of LAF on the Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) signalling pathway, which plays an important role in cancer progression, were explored in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cervical (HeLa), colorectal (SW480), breast (MDA-MB-231) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines were treated with LAF at different concentrations and different durations. BALB/c nude mice bearing colon xenografts were intravenously injected with vehicle, LAF (10 or 20 mg/kg) or paclitaxel (10 mg/kg) for 15 days. The expression and nuclear localisation of YAP were analysed using transcriptome sequencing, quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS LAF suppressed the proliferation of HeLa, MDA-MB-231, SW480 and PC3 cells (IC50 values of 41.5, 26.0, 45.3 and 42.9 μmol/L, respectively, at 72 h), and this was accompanied by significant downregulation in the expression of YAP and its downstream target genes at both the mRNA and protein levels. The expression of 14-3-3σ, a protein that causes YAP cytoplasmic retention and degradation, was remarkably increased, resulting in a decrease in YAP nuclear localisation. Knockdown of 14-3-3σ with small interfering RNA partially blocked LAF-induced YAP inhibition and anti-proliferation effects. In colon xenografts, treatment with LAF led to reduced YAP expression, increased tumour cell apoptosis and tumour growth inhibition. CONCLUSION LAF was shown to be an inhibitor of YAP. It exerts anticancer activity by inhibiting YAP at the transcriptional and post-translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yi Tan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang-Lun Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Shen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Jie Hu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Yi Yang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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109
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Lüönd F, Pirkl M, Hisano M, Prestigiacomo V, Kalathur RK, Beerenwinkel N, Christofori G. Hierarchy of TGFβ/SMAD, Hippo/YAP/TAZ, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in melanoma phenotype switching. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/2/e202101010. [PMID: 34819356 PMCID: PMC8616544 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβ, YAP/TAZ, and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling functionally interact in a hierarchical manner to induce the switching of melanoma cells from proliferative-to-invasive cell phenotype. In melanoma, a switch from a proliferative melanocytic to an invasive mesenchymal phenotype is based on dramatic transcriptional reprogramming which involves complex interactions between a variety of signaling pathways and their downstream transcriptional regulators. TGFβ/SMAD, Hippo/YAP/TAZ, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways are major inducers of transcriptional reprogramming and converge at several levels. Here, we report that TGFβ/SMAD, YAP/TAZ, and β-catenin are all required for a proliferative-to-invasive phenotype switch. Loss and gain of function experimentation, global gene expression analysis, and computational nested effects models revealed the hierarchy between these signaling pathways and identified shared target genes. SMAD-mediated transcription at the top of the hierarchy leads to the activation of YAP/TAZ and of β-catenin, with YAP/TAZ governing an essential subprogram of TGFβ-induced phenotype switching. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is situated further downstream and exerts a dual role: it promotes the proliferative, differentiated melanoma cell phenotype and it is essential but not sufficient for SMAD or YAP/TAZ–induced phenotype switching. The results identify epistatic interactions among the signaling pathways underlying melanoma phenotype switching and highlight the priorities in targets for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Lüönd
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pirkl
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mizue Hisano
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ravi Kr Kalathur
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niko Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
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Gu Y, Chen Y, Wei L, Wu S, Shen K, Liu C, Dong Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zheng W, He J, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhao X, Wang H, Tan J, Wang L, Zhou Q, Xie G, Liang H, Ou J. ABHD5 inhibits YAP-induced c-Met overexpression and colon cancer cell stemness via suppressing YAP methylation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6711. [PMID: 34795238 PMCID: PMC8602706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stemness represents a major source of development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). c-Met critically contributes to CRC stemness, but how c-Met is activated in CRC remains elusive. We previously identified the lipolytic factor ABHD5 as an important tumour suppressor gene in CRC. Here, we show that loss of ABHD5 promotes c-Met activation to sustain CRC stemness in a non-canonical manner. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that ABHD5 interacts in the cytoplasm with the core subunit of the SET1A methyltransferase complex, DPY30, thereby inhibiting the nuclear translocation of DPY30 and activity of SET1A. In the absence of ABHD5, DPY30 translocates to the nucleus and supports SET1A-mediated methylation of YAP and histone H3, which sequesters YAP in the nucleus and increases chromatin accessibility to synergistically promote YAP-induced transcription of c-Met, thus promoting the stemness of CRC cells. This study reveals a novel role of ABHD5 in regulating histone/non-histone methylation and CRC stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanrong Chen
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaicheng Shen
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengxiang Liu
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenling Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyi He
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Liting Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing City, 408000, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ganfeng Xie
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Juanjuan Ou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
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Kim HR, Seo CW, Yoo K, Han SJ, Kim J. Yes-associated protein 1 as a prognostic biomarker and its correlation with telomerase in various cancers. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 12:324-332. [PMID: 34719224 PMCID: PMC8561022 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), its prognostic significance, and the correlation between YAP1 and telomerase in various cancers. Methods The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database was used to analyze RNA sequencing data and the survival rate of patients with various cancers in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. PrognoScan was used to analyze the prognostic value of YAP1 expression in various cancers. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource was used to determine the correlation between YAP1 expression and telomerase in various cancer types based on TCGA data. Results The analysis suggested that YAP1 was differentially expressed between tissues of various cancers and non-tumor tissues. High YAP1 expression was also related to a poor prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Moreover, YAP1 expression was correlated with the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomerase RNA component in various cancer types. Conclusion These results suggest that YAP1 is a potential biomarker with prognostic significance and relevance for oncogene research in various cancer types. The correlation between the expression of YAP1 and telomere-associated genes will help to understand their cancer-promoting mechanisms and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ran Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Busan, Korea
| | - Choong-Won Seo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Busan, Korea
| | - Keunje Yoo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Jun Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jongwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Busan, Korea
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FAT1 and PTPN14 Regulate the Malignant Progression and Chemotherapy Resistance of Esophageal Cancer through the Hippo Signaling Pathway. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2021; 2021:9290372. [PMID: 34712552 PMCID: PMC8548181 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9290372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor, which brings heavy economic burden to patients and society. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism of recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance of esophageal cancer. Methods Human esophageal cancer cell line TE13 (poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma) and normal human esophageal epithelial cell line het-1a were selected for aseptic culture. At the same time, 6 bottles of TE13 cell line were inoculated in logarithmic phase. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Cell clone formation assay was used to analyze the proliferation. Fibronectin-coated dishes were used to detect the characteristics of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. The Transwell method was used to detect the cell invasion ability. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of Yap1, PTPN14, FAT1, and Myc. Results Results showed that FAT1 and PTPN14 were downregulated, while Yap1 was upregulated in esophageal cancer tissues. FAT1 inhibited the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of human esophageal cancer cell lines, which might be associated with the upregulation of PTPN14 and the inhibition of Yap1 and Myc. Conclusion The results suggested that PTPN14 and FAT1 could regulate malignant progression and chemotherapy resistance of esophageal cancer based on the Hippo signaling pathway.
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SMARCA4 Depletion Induces Cisplatin Resistance by Activating YAP1-Mediated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215474. [PMID: 34771636 PMCID: PMC8582548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary SMARCA4 mutations were over-representative in cisplatin resistance and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Additionally, SMARCA4 inactivation induced the mesenchymal-like subtype TNBC. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathways were activated in SMARCA4 inactivation samples of both SMARCA4 knockout cell lines and TNBC patients. In SMARCA4 knockout cells, the YAP1 inhibitor verteporfin suppressed YAP1 target genes. This study depicts the clinical importance of SMARCA4 depletion in TNBC and suggests YAP/TAZ as a novel target for cisplatin-resistant patients. Abstract The role of SMARCA4, an ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, in genomic organization is well studied in various cancer types. However, its oncogenic role and therapeutic implications are relatively unknown in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We investigated the clinical implication and downstream regulation induced by SMARCA4 inactivation using large-scale genome and transcriptome profiles. Additionally, SMARCA4 was knocked out in MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 using CRISPR/Cas9 to identify gene regulation and a targetable pathway. First, we observed an increase in SMARCA4 mutations in cisplatin resistance and metastasis in TNBC patients. Its inactivation was associated with the mesenchymal-like (MSL) subtype. Gene expression analysis showed that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway was activated in SMARCA4-deficient patients. Next, the Hippo pathway was activated in the SMARCA4 inactivation group, as evidenced by the higher CTNNB1, TGF-β, and YAP1 oncogene signature scores. In SMARCA4 knockout cells, EMT was upregulated, and the cell line transcriptome changed from the SL to the MSL subtype. SMARCA4 knockout cells showed cisplatin resistance and Hippo-YAP/TAZ target gene activation. The YAP1 inhibitor verteporfin suppressed the expression of YAP1 target genes, and decreased cell viability and invasiveness on SMARCA4 knockout cells. SMARCA4 inactivation in TNBC endowed the resistance to cisplatin via EMT activation. The YAP1 inhibitor could become a novel strategy for patients with SMARCA4-inactivated TNBC.
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The Multiple Interactions of RUNX with the Hippo-YAP Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112925. [PMID: 34831147 PMCID: PMC8616315 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo–YAP signaling pathway serves roles in cell proliferation, stem cell renewal/maintenance, differentiation and apoptosis. Many of its functions are central to early development, adult tissue repair/regeneration and not surprisingly, tumorigenesis and metastasis. The Hippo pathway represses the activity of YAP and paralog TAZ by modulating cell proliferation and promoting differentiation to maintain tissue homeostasis and proper organ size. Similarly, master regulators of development RUNX transcription factors have been shown to play critical roles in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cell fate determination. In this review, we discuss the multiple interactions of RUNX with the Hippo–YAP pathway, their shared collaborators in Wnt, TGFβ, MYC and RB pathways, and their overlapping functions in development and tumorigenesis.
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Recent Therapeutic Approaches to Modulate the Hippo Pathway in Oncology and Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102715. [PMID: 34685695 PMCID: PMC8534579 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionary conserved signaling network that regulates essential processes such as organ size, cell proliferation, migration, stemness and apoptosis. Alterations in this pathway are commonly found in solid tumors and can lead to hyperproliferation, resistance to chemotherapy, compensation for mKRAS and tumor immune evasion. As the terminal effectors of the Hippo pathway, the transcriptional coactivators YAP1/TAZ and the transcription factors TEAD1–4 present exciting opportunities to pharmacologically modulate the Hippo biology in cancer settings, inflammation and regenerative medicine. This review will provide an overview of the progress and current strategies to directly and indirectly target the YAP1/TAZ protein–protein interaction (PPI) with TEAD1–4 across multiple modalities, with focus on recent small molecules able to selectively bind to TEAD, block its autopalmitoylation and inhibit YAP1/TAZ–TEAD-dependent transcription in cancer.
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Iftikhar R, Zahoor AF, Irfan M, Rasul A, Rao F. Synthetic molecules targeting yes associated protein activity as chemotherapeutics against cancer. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:1025-1037. [PMID: 34587361 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway extorts several signals that concomitantly target the activity of transcriptional cofactor yes associated protein (YAP). YAP is a key regulator that elicits signature gene expression by coupling with transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) family of transcriptional factors. The YAP-TEAD complex via target gene expression gets associated with the development, proliferation, and progression of cancerous cells. Moreover, YAP adorns cells with several oncogenic traits such as inhibition of apoptosis, enhanced proliferation, drug resistance, and immune response suppression, which later became associated with various diseases, particularly cancer. Therefore, inhibition of the YAP activity is an appealing and viable therapeutic target for cancer treatment. This review highlights the recent advances in existing and novel synthetic therapeutics targeting YAP inhibition and regulation. The synthetically produced YAPD93A belonging to cyclic peptides and DC-TEADin02 and vinyl sulfonamide class of compounds are the most potent compounds to inhibit the YAP-TEAD expression by targeting protein-protein interaction (IC50 = 25 nM) and palmitate binding central pocket of TEAD (IC50 = 197 nM), respectively. On the other hand, Chlorpromazine belonging to phenothiazines class has the least potential to suppress YAP via proteasomal degradation (cell viability value of <20% at 40 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Iftikhar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Rao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproduction Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Brabletz S, Schuhwerk H, Brabletz T, Stemmler MP. Dynamic EMT: a multi-tool for tumor progression. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108647. [PMID: 34459003 PMCID: PMC8441439 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is fundamental for embryonic morphogenesis. Cells undergoing it lose epithelial characteristics and integrity, acquire mesenchymal features, and become motile. In cancer, this program is hijacked to confer essential changes in morphology and motility that fuel invasion. In addition, EMT is increasingly understood to orchestrate a large variety of complementary cancer features, such as tumor cell stemness, tumorigenicity, resistance to therapy and adaptation to changes in the microenvironment. In this review, we summarize recent findings related to these various classical and non-classical functions, and introduce EMT as a true tumorigenic multi-tool, involved in many aspects of cancer. We suggest that therapeutic targeting of the EMT process will-if acknowledging these complexities-be a possibility to concurrently interfere with tumor progression on many levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1Nikolaus‐Fiebiger Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Harald Schuhwerk
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1Nikolaus‐Fiebiger Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1Nikolaus‐Fiebiger Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Marc P. Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1Nikolaus‐Fiebiger Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
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Kim J, Shi Y, Kwon CJ, Gao Y, Mitragotri S. A Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Approach to Intravenous Formulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100585. [PMID: 34351085 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinically viable formulations of hydrophobic drugs, for example, chemotherapeutics, require strategies to promote sufficient drug solubilization. However, such strategies often involve the use of organic solvents that pose a significant risk in generating toxic, unstable products. Using verteporfin as a drug, a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based approach to solvate drugs in a simple one-step process is reported. Lipoidal DES composed of choline and oleate is used to successfully solvate verteporfin, resulting in stable sub-100 nm nanocomplexes. The nanocomplexes successfully demonstrate efficient cellular uptake as well as retention, tumor spheroid penetration, and tumor accumulation in vivo. Systemic administration of the formulation significantly inhibits the primary tumor growth and its lung metastasis in the orthotopic 4T1 murine breast tumor model. Collectively, biocompatible DES shows great potential as a novel material for intravenous formulation of chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Kim
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Yujie Shi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
- Present address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Christopher J. Kwon
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
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Lopez-Hernandez A, Sberna S, Campaner S. Emerging Principles in the Transcriptional Control by YAP and TAZ. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164242. [PMID: 34439395 PMCID: PMC8391352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary YAP and TAZ are transcriptional cofactors that integrate several upstream signals to generate context-dependent transcriptional responses. This requires extensive integration with epigenetic regulators and other transcription factors. The molecular and genomic characterization of YAP and TAZ nuclear function has broad implications both in physiological and pathological settings. Abstract Yes-associated protein (YAP) and TAZ are transcriptional cofactors that sit at the crossroad of several signaling pathways involved in cell growth and differentiation. As such, they play essential functions during embryonic development, regeneration, and, once deregulated, in cancer progression. In this review, we will revise the current literature and provide an overview of how YAP/TAZ control transcription. We will focus on data concerning the modulation of the basal transcriptional machinery, their ability to epigenetically remodel the enhancer–promoter landscape, and the mechanisms used to integrate transcriptional cues from multiple pathways. This reveals how YAP/TAZ activation in cancer cells leads to extensive transcriptional control that spans several hallmarks of cancer. The definition of the molecular mechanism of transcriptional control and the identification of the pathways regulated by YAP/TAZ may provide therapeutic opportunities for the effective treatment of YAP/TAZ-driven tumors.
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Lavado A, Gangwar R, Paré J, Wan S, Fan Y, Cao X. YAP/TAZ maintain the proliferative capacity and structural organization of radial glial cells during brain development. Dev Biol 2021; 480:39-49. [PMID: 34419458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway regulates the development and homeostasis of many tissues and in many species. It controls the activity of two paralogous transcriptional coactivators, YAP and TAZ (YAP/TAZ). Although previous studies have established that aberrant YAP/TAZ activation is detrimental to mammalian brain development, whether and how endogenous levels of YAP/TAZ activity regulate brain development remain unclear. Here, we show that during mammalian cortical development, YAP/TAZ are specifically expressed in apical neural progenitor cells known as radial glial cells (RGCs). The subcellular localization of YAP/TAZ undergoes dynamic changes as corticogenesis proceeds. YAP/TAZ are required for maintaining the proliferative potential and structural organization of RGCs, and their ablation during cortical development reduces the numbers of cortical projection neurons and causes the loss of ependymal cells, resulting in hydrocephaly. Transcriptomic analysis using sorted RGCs reveals gene expression changes in YAP/TAZ-depleted cells that correlate with mutant phenotypes. Thus, our study has uncovered essential functions of YAP/TAZ during mammalian brain development and revealed the transcriptional mechanism of their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Lavado
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Ruchika Gangwar
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Joshua Paré
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Shibiao Wan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Xinwei Cao
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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Cellular feedback dynamics and multilevel regulation driven by the hippo pathway. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1515-1527. [PMID: 34374419 PMCID: PMC8421037 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a dynamic cellular signalling nexus that regulates differentiation and controls cell proliferation and death. If the Hippo pathway is not precisely regulated, the functionality of the upstream kinase module is impaired, which increases nuclear localisation and activity of the central effectors, the transcriptional co-regulators YAP and TAZ. Pathological YAP and TAZ hyperactivity consequently cause cancer, fibrosis and developmental defects. The Hippo pathway controls an array of fundamental cellular processes, including adhesion, migration, mitosis, polarity and secretion of a range of biologically active components. Recent studies highlight that spatio-temporal regulation of Hippo pathway components are central to precisely controlling its context-dependent dynamic activity. Several levels of feedback are integrated into the Hippo pathway, which is further synergized with interactors outside of the pathway that directly regulate specific Hippo pathway components. Likewise, Hippo core kinases also ‘moonlight’ by phosphorylating multiple substrates beyond the Hippo pathway and thereby integrates further flexibility and robustness in the cellular decision-making process. This topic is still in its infancy but promises to reveal new fundamental insights into the cellular regulation of this therapeutically important pathway. We here highlight recent advances emphasising feedback dynamics and multilevel regulation of the Hippo pathway with a focus on mitosis and cell migration, as well as discuss potential productive future research avenues that might reveal novel insights into the overall dynamics of the pathway.
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Li FL, Guan KL. The two sides of Hippo pathway in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:33-42. [PMID: 34265423 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway was originally characterized by genetic studies in Drosophila to regulate tissue growth and organ size, and the core components of this pathway are highly conserved in mammals. Studies over the past two decades have revealed critical physiological and pathological functions of the Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway, which is tightly regulated by a broad range of intracellular and extracellular signals. These properties enable the Hippo pathway to serve as an important controller in organismal development and adult tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of the Hippo signaling has been observed in many cancer types, suggesting the possibility of cancer treatment by targeting the Hippo pathway. The general consensus is that Hippo has tumor suppressor function. However, growing evidence also suggests that the function of the Hippo pathway in malignancy is cancer context dependent as recent studies indicating tumor promoting function of LATS. This article surveys the Hippo pathway signaling mechanisms and then reviews both the tumor suppressing and promoting function of this pathway. A comprehensive understanding of the dual roles of the Hippo pathway in cancer will benefit future therapeutic targeting of the Hippo pathway for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Long Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Hu B, Zhou S, Hu X, Zhang H, Lan X, Li M, Wang Y, Hu Q. NT5DC2 promotes leiomyosarcoma tumour cell growth via stabilizing unpalmitoylated TEAD4 and generating a positive feedback loop. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5976-5987. [PMID: 33993634 PMCID: PMC8366447 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
5'-Nucleotidase Domain Containing 2 (NT5DC2) is a novel oncoprotein, the regulatory effects of which have not been well characterized. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile and functional regulation of NT5DC2 and its potential interplay with TEAD4 in leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Bioinformatic analysis was conducted using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) program. LMS cell lines SK-LMS-1 and SK-UT-1 were used for both in vitro and in vivo analysis. Results showed that NT5DC2 is aberrantly upregulated in LMS. Its overexpression was associated with unfavourable survival. Deletion of NT5DC2 significantly reduced the expression of cyclin B1, cyclin A2, cyclin E1 and CDK1 and increased G1 phase arrest in LMS cell lines, and suppressed their proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. NT5DC2 interacted with unpalmitoylated TEAD4, and this association reduced TEAD4 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. TRIM27 is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase that induces K27/48-linked ubiquitination of unpalmitoylated TEAD4 at Lys278. TEAD4 inhibition significantly suppressed LMS cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that TEAD4 could bind to the NT5DC2 promoter and activate its transcription. Based on these findings, we infer that the NT5DC2-TEAD4 positive feedback loop plays an important role in LMS development and might serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Hu
- Department of OrthopedicsOrthopedics Research InstituteWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shijie Zhou
- Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hua Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaorong Lan
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Head & Neck CancerCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qinsheng Hu
- Department of OrthopedicsOrthopedics Research InstituteWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Bao M, Chen Y, Liu JT, Bao H, Wang WB, Qi YX, Lv F. Extracellular matrix stiffness controls VEGF 165 secretion and neuroblastoma angiogenesis via the YAP/RUNX2/SRSF1 axis. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:71-86. [PMID: 34170441 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant variations in angiogenesis have been observed in tumor tissues with abnormal stiffness of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it remains largely unclear how ECM stiffness influences tumor angiogenesis. Numerous studies have reported that vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) released from tumor cells plays crucial roles in angiogenesis. Hence, we demonstrated the role of ECM stiffness in VEGF-A release from neuroblastoma (NB) cells and the underlying mechanisms. Based on 17 NB clinical samples, a negative correlation was observed between the length of blood vessels and stiffness of NB tissues. In vitro, an ECM stiffness of 30 kPa repressed the secretion of VEGF165 from NB cells which subsequently inhibited the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Knocked down VEGF165 in NB cells or blocked VEGF165 with neutralizing antibodies both repressed the tube formation of HUVECs. Specifically, 30 kPa ECM stiffness repressed the expression and nuclear accumulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) to regulate the expression of Serine/Arginine Splicing Factor 1 (SRSF1) via Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), which may then subsequently induce the expression and secretion of VEGF165 in NB tumor cells. Through implantation of 3D col-Tgels with different stiffness into nude mice, the inhibitory effect of 30 kPa on NB angiogenesis was confirmed in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the inhibitory effect of 30 kPa stiffness on NB angiogenesis was reversed by YAP overexpression, suggesting the important role of YAP in NB angiogenesis regulated by ECM stiffness. Overall, our work not only showed a regulatory effect of ECM stiffness on NB angiogenesis, but also revealed a new signaling axis, YAP-RUNX2-SRSF1, that mediates angiogenesis by regulating the expression and secretion of VEGF165 from NB cells. ECM stiffness and the potential molecules revealed in the present study may be new therapeutic targets for NB angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Ting Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fan Lv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Morciano G, Vezzani B, Missiroli S, Boncompagni C, Pinton P, Giorgi C. An Updated Understanding of the Role of YAP in Driving Oncogenic Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123100. [PMID: 34205830 PMCID: PMC8234554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In 2020, the global cancer database GLOBOCAN estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases worldwide. The discovery of targeted therapies may help prognosis and outcome of the patients affected, but the understanding of the plethora of highly interconnected pathways that modulate cell transformation, proliferation, invasion, migration and survival remains an ambitious goal. Here we propose an updated state of the art of YAP as the key protein driving oncogenic response via promoting all those steps at multiple levels. Of interest, the role of YAP in immunosuppression is a field of evolving research and growing interest and this summary about the current pharmacological therapies impacting YAP serves as starting point for future studies. Abstract Yes-associated protein (YAP) has emerged as a key component in cancer signaling and is considered a potent oncogene. As such, nuclear YAP participates in complex and only partially understood molecular cascades that are responsible for the oncogenic response by regulating multiple processes, including cell transformation, tumor growth, migration, and metastasis, and by acting as an important mediator of immune and cancer cell interactions. YAP is finely regulated at multiple levels, and its localization in cells in terms of cytoplasm–nucleus shuttling (and vice versa) sheds light on interesting novel anticancer treatment opportunities and putative unconventional functions of the protein when retained in the cytosol. This review aims to summarize and present the state of the art knowledge about the role of YAP in cancer signaling, first focusing on how YAP differs from WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1, also named as TAZ) and which upstream factors regulate it; then, this review focuses on the role of YAP in different cancer stages and in the crosstalk between immune and cancer cells as well as growing translational strategies derived from its inhibitory and synergistic effects with existing chemo-, immuno- and radiotherapies.
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126
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Comprehensive understanding of anchorage-independent survival and its implication in cancer metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:629. [PMID: 34145217 PMCID: PMC8213763 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Detachment is the initial and critical step for cancer metastasis. Only the cells that survive from detachment can develop metastases. Following the disruption of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, cells are exposed to a totally different chemical and mechanical environment. During which, cells inevitably suffer from multiple stresses, including loss of growth stimuli from ECM, altered mechanical force, cytoskeletal reorganization, reduced nutrient uptake, and increased reactive oxygen species generation. Here we review the impact of these stresses on the anchorage-independent survival and the underlying molecular signaling pathways. Furthermore, its implications in cancer metastasis and treatment are also discussed.
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127
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Abstract
In this review, Shen and Kang provide an overview of the tumor-intrinsic and microenvironment- and treatment-induced stresses that tumor cells encounter in the metastatic cascade and the molecular pathways they develop to relieve these stresses. Metastasis is the ultimate “survival of the fittest” test for cancer cells, as only a small fraction of disseminated tumor cells can overcome the numerous hurdles they encounter during the transition from the site of origin to a distinctly different distant organ in the face of immune and therapeutic attacks and various other stresses. During cancer progression, tumor cells develop a variety of mechanisms to cope with the stresses they encounter, and acquire the ability to form metastases. Restraining these stress-releasing pathways could serve as potentially effective strategies to prevent or reduce metastasis and improve the survival of cancer patients. Here, we provide an overview of the tumor-intrinsic, microenvironment- and treatment-induced stresses that tumor cells encounter in the metastatic cascade and the molecular pathways they develop to relieve these stresses. We also summarize the preclinical and clinical studies that evaluate the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting these stress-relieving pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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128
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RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 promotes hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and migration by enhancing TEAD1 expression in an m 5C-dependent manner. Exp Cell Res 2021; 404:112664. [PMID: 34048786 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 is involved in cell proliferation and invasion in a variety of tumors. However, the expression, function, and mechanism of NSUN2 in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) remains unknown. We used a bioinformatics database, polymerase chain reaction, cell culture and transfection, immunohistochemistry, cell proliferation assay, wound healing experiments, transwell assays, western blotting, RNA-seq detection, dual-luciferase reporter assay, in vivo experiments, and a dot blot assay to evaluate the role of NSUN2 in HPSCC. NSUN2 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in HPSCC; NSUN2 knockdown in vitro and in vivo decreased cell proliferation and invasion. Studies have shown that TEAD1, a transcription factor, may act downstream of NSUN2 in HPSCC. NSUN2 was found to promote the proliferation and invasion of HPSCC by upregulating TEAD1 in an 5-methylcytosine-dependent manner, thereby representing an oncogene and potential new target for treating HPSCC.
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129
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Ma X. Context-dependent interplay between Hippo and JNK pathway in Drosophila. AIMS GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/genet.2014.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBoth Hippo and JNK signaling have well-established roles in regulating many physiological processes, including cell proliferation, growth, survival, and migration. An increasing body of evidence shows that dysregulation of either Hippo or JNK pathway would lead to tumorigenesis. Recently, studies in Drosophila has coupled Hippo with JNK pathway in numerous ways ranging from tissue regeneration to growth control. In this review, I provide an overview of the current understanding of crosstalk between Hippo and JNK pathway in Drosophila, and discuss their context-dependent interactions in gut homeostasis, regeneration, cell competition and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjue Ma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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130
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Gautron A, Bachelot L, Aubry M, Leclerc D, Quéméner AM, Corre S, Rambow F, Paris A, Tardif N, Leclair HM, Marin‐Bejar O, Coulouarn C, Marine J, Galibert M, Gilot D. CRISPR screens identify tumor-promoting genes conferring melanoma cell plasticity and resistance. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13466. [PMID: 33724679 PMCID: PMC8103100 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most genetic alterations that drive melanoma development and resistance to targeted therapy have been uncovered. In contrast, and despite their increasingly recognized contribution, little is known about the non-genetic mechanisms that drive these processes. Here, we performed in vivo gain-of-function CRISPR screens and identified SMAD3, BIRC3, and SLC9A5 as key actors of BRAFi resistance. We show that their expression levels increase during acquisition of BRAFi resistance and remain high in persister cells and during relapse. The upregulation of the SMAD3 transcriptional activity (SMAD3-signature) promotes a mesenchymal-like phenotype and BRAFi resistance by acting as an upstream transcriptional regulator of potent BRAFi-resistance genes such as EGFR and AXL. This SMAD3-signature predicts resistance to both current melanoma therapies in different cohorts. Critically, chemical inhibition of SMAD3 may constitute amenable target for melanoma since it efficiently abrogates persister cells survival. Interestingly, decrease of SMAD3 activity can also be reached by inhibiting the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), another druggable transcription factor governing SMAD3 expression level. Our work highlights novel drug vulnerabilities that can be exploited to develop long-lasting antimelanoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gautron
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Laura Bachelot
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Marc Aubry
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
- Plateforme GEH, CNRS, InsermBIOSIT ‐ UMS 3480, US_S 018Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | | | - Anaïs M Quéméner
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Sébastien Corre
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Florian Rambow
- Department of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anaïs Paris
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Nina Tardif
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Héloïse M Leclair
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Oskar Marin‐Bejar
- Department of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Jean‐Christophe Marine
- Department of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marie‐Dominique Galibert
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et GénomiqueCHU RennesRennesFrance
| | - David Gilot
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
- Present address:
INSERM U1242Centre Eugène MarquisRennesFrance
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Demény MA, Virág L. The PARP Enzyme Family and the Hallmarks of Cancer Part 2: Hallmarks Related to Cancer Host Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2057. [PMID: 33923319 PMCID: PMC8123211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) modify target proteins with a single ADP-ribose unit or with a poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymer. PARP inhibitors (PARPis) recently became clinically available for the treatment of BRCA1/2 deficient tumors via the synthetic lethality paradigm. This personalized treatment primarily targets DNA damage-responsive PARPs (PARP1-3). However, the biological roles of PARP family member enzymes are broad; therefore, the effects of PARPis should be viewed in a much wider context, which includes complex effects on all known hallmarks of cancer. In the companion paper (part 1) to this review, we presented the fundamental roles of PARPs in intrinsic cancer cell hallmarks, such as uncontrolled proliferation, evasion of growth suppressors, cell death resistance, genome instability, replicative immortality, and reprogrammed metabolism. In the second part of this review, we present evidence linking PARPs to cancer-associated inflammation, anti-cancer immune response, invasion, and metastasis. A comprehensive overview of the roles of PARPs can facilitate the identification of novel cancer treatment opportunities and barriers limiting the efficacy of PARPi compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté A. Demény
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Noureddine LM, Trédan O, Hussein N, Badran B, Le Romancer M, Poulard C. Glucocorticoid Receptor: A Multifaceted Actor in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094446. [PMID: 33923160 PMCID: PMC8123001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. Even though the role of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is extensively documented in the development of breast tumors, other members of the nuclear receptor family have emerged as important players. Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexamethasone (dex) are commonly used in BC for their antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, as well as energy and appetite stimulating properties, and to manage the side effects of chemotherapy. However, dex triggers different effects depending on the BC subtype. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is also an important marker in BC, as high GR expression is correlated with a poor and good prognosis in ERα-negative and ERα-positive BCs, respectively. Indeed, though it drives the expression of pro-tumorigenic genes in ERα-negative BCs and is involved in resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis formation, dex inhibits estrogen-mediated cell proliferation in ERα-positive BCs. Recently, a new natural ligand for GR called OCDO was identified. OCDO is a cholesterol metabolite with oncogenic properties, triggering mammary cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent data on GR signaling and its involvement in tumoral breast tissue, via its different ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Malik Noureddine
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat-Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (N.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Olivier Trédan
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Centre Leon Bérard, Oncology Department, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Nader Hussein
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat-Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (N.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat-Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (N.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-478-786-663; Fax: +33-478-782-720
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133
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Arakaki AKS, Pan WA, Wedegaertner H, Roca-Mercado I, Chinn L, Gujral TS, Trejo J. α-Arrestin ARRDC3 tumor suppressor function is linked to GPCR-induced TAZ activation and breast cancer metastasis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237789. [PMID: 33722977 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-arrestin domain containing protein 3 (ARRDC3) is a tumor suppressor in triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC), a highly metastatic subtype of breast cancer that lacks targeted therapies. Thus, understanding the mechanisms and targets of ARRDC3 in TNBC is important. ARRDC3 regulates trafficking of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1, also known as F2R), a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in breast cancer metastasis. Loss of ARRDC3 causes overexpression of PAR1 and aberrant signaling. Moreover, dysregulation of GPCR-induced Hippo signaling is associated with breast cancer progression. However, the mechanisms responsible for Hippo dysregulation remain unknown. Here, we report that the Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activator TAZ (also known as WWTR1) is the major effector of GPCR signaling and is required for TNBC migration and invasion. Additionally, ARRDC3 suppresses PAR1-induced Hippo signaling via sequestration of TAZ, which occurs independently of ARRDC3-regulated PAR1 trafficking. The ARRDC3 C-terminal PPXY motifs and TAZ WW domain are crucial for this interaction and are required for suppression of TNBC migration and lung metastasis in vivo. These studies are the first to demonstrate a role for ARRDC3 in regulating GPCR-induced TAZ activity in TNBC and reveal multi-faceted tumor suppressor functions of ARRDC3. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena K S Arakaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Wen-An Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Helen Wedegaertner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ivette Roca-Mercado
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Logan Chinn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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134
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Qadir J, Riaz SK, Taj K, Sattar N, Sahar NE, Khan JS, Kayani MA, Haq F, Arshad Malik MF. Increased YAP1 expression is significantly associated with breast cancer progression, metastasis and poor survival. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2725-2734. [PMID: 33880946 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP1 plays a key role as a transcriptional coactivator in the Hippo pathway. Based on conflicting reports regarding YAP1 function in cancer, this study discerned its role in breast carcinogenesis. First, a systematic review of salient breast cancer studies targeting YAP1 dysregulation was performed. Additionally, freshly excised tumor specimens of approximately 200 breast cancer patients were processed for quantification of YAP1 expression at mRNA and protein levels using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. YAP1 expression was nine folds higher in tumors versus controls and significantly associated with metastasis (p < 0.05) and poor survival in Pakistani breast cancer patients. These findings establish the role of YAP1 overexpression in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Hence, YAP1 inhibition may be considered a possible therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Qadir
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Kiran Riaz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Taj
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Natasha Sattar
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Namood-E Sahar
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.,College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jahangir Sarwar Khan
- Department of General Surgery, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Haq
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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135
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Tian C, Huang Y, Clauser KR, Rickelt S, Lau AN, Carr SA, Vander Heiden MG, Hynes RO. Suppression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis by fibrillar collagens produced selectively by tumor cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2328. [PMID: 33879793 PMCID: PMC8058088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a collagen-rich dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that promotes malignancy of cancer cells and presents a barrier for drug delivery. Data analysis of our published mass spectrometry (MS)-based studies on enriched ECM from samples of progressive PDAC stages reveal that the C-terminal prodomains of fibrillar collagens are partially uncleaved in PDAC ECM, suggesting reduced procollagen C-proteinase activity. We further show that the enzyme responsible for procollagen C-proteinase activity, bone morphogenetic protein1 (BMP1), selectively suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in cells expressing high levels of COL1A1. Although BMP1, as a secreted proteinase, promotes fibrillar collagen deposition from both cancer cells and stromal cells, only cancer-cell-derived procollagen cleavage and deposition suppresses tumor malignancy. These studies reveal a role for cancer-cell-derived fibrillar collagen in selectively restraining tumor growth and suggest stratification of patients based on their tumor epithelial collagen I expression when considering treatments related to perturbation of fibrillar collagens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/secondary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Collagen Type I/chemistry
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain
- Disease Progression
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Fibrillar Collagens/chemistry
- Fibrillar Collagens/genetics
- Fibrillar Collagens/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Mutagenesis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Procollagen/chemistry
- Procollagen/genetics
- Procollagen/metabolism
- Protein Domains
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Tian
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Steffen Rickelt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard O Hynes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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136
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Hu L, Wu H, Jiang T, Kuang M, Liu B, Guo X, He D, Chen M, Gu J, Gu J, Chang L, Feng M, Ruan Y. pVHL promotes lysosomal degradation of YAP in lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Signal 2021; 83:110002. [PMID: 33823241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a vital transcriptional co-activator that activates cell proliferation and evasion of apoptosis for the promotion of tumorigenesis. The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL), as a critical component of E3 ubiquitin ligase, targets various substrates to regulate tumor progression. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of pVHL during tumorigenesis remain largely unclear. Herein, we found that there was a significant negative correlation between pVHL and YAP at protein level in the TCGA-LUAD dataset and our cohort. Over-expression of pVHL decreased YAP protein expression and reduced its transcriptional activity. Further study indicated that pVHL did not affect YAP mRNA level but decreased YAP protein stability in a lysosome-dependent manner. In addition, the pVHL-mediated degradation of YAP inhibited cellular proliferation, migration, and enhanced chemosensitivity to cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Interestingly, the pVHL-mediated YAP degradation was blocked by elevated O-GlcNAcylation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that pVHL modulates the lysosomal degradation of YAP, and may provide more clues to better understanding the tumor suppressive effects of pVHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengzhen Kuang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinying Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daochuan He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqian Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.
| | - Mingxiang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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137
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Li Y, Liu M, Yang S, Fuller AM, Eisinger TSK, Yang S. RGS12 is a novel tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma that inhibits YAP-TEAD1-Ezrin signaling. Oncogene 2021; 40:2553-2566. [PMID: 33686240 PMCID: PMC8694668 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignancy of the bone that predominantly affects children and adolescents. Hippo pathway is a crucial regulator of organ size and tumorigenesis. However, how Hippo pathway regulates the occurrence of osteosarcoma is largely unknown. Here, we reported the regulator of G protein signaling protein 12 (RGS12) is a novel Hippo pathway regulator and tumor suppressor of osteosarcoma. Depletion of Rgs12 promotes osteosarcoma progression and lung metastasis in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Our data showed that the knockdown of RGS12 upregulates Ezrin expression through promoting the GNA12/13-RhoA-YAP pathway. Moreover, RGS12 negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of YAP/TEAD1 complex through its PDZ domain function to inhibit the expression and function of the osteosarcoma marker Ezrin. PDZ domain peptides of RGS12 can inhibit the development of intratibial tumor and lung metastases. Collectively, this study identifies that the RGS12 is a novel tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma through inhibiting YAP-TEAD1-Ezrin signaling pathway and provides a proof of principle that targeting RGS12 may be a therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashley M. Fuller
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T. S. Karin Eisinger
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA,The Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Correspondence: Shuying Yang ()
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138
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O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAc Cycling Regulate Gene Transcription: Emerging Roles in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071666. [PMID: 33916244 PMCID: PMC8037238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification (PTM) linking nutrient flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) to gene transcription. Mounting experimental and clinical data implicates aberrant O-GlcNAcylation in the development and progression of cancer. Herein, we discuss how alteration of O-GlcNAc-regulated transcriptional mechanisms leads to atypical gene expression in cancer. We discuss the challenges associated with studying O-GlcNAc function and present several new approaches for studies of O-GlcNAc-regulated transcription. Abstract O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar post-translational modification (PTM) of intracellular proteins linking nutrient flux through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) to the control of cis-regulatory elements in the genome. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is associated with the development, progression, and alterations in gene expression in cancer. O-GlcNAc cycling is defined as the addition and subsequent removal of the modification by O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) provides a novel method for cells to regulate various aspects of gene expression, including RNA polymerase function, epigenetic dynamics, and transcription factor activity. We will focus on the complex relationship between phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of the RNA Polymerase II (RNAP II) pre-initiation complex and the regulation of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNAP II via the synchronous actions of OGT, OGA, and kinases. Additionally, we discuss how O-GlcNAcylation of TATA-box binding protein (TBP) alters cellular metabolism. Next, in a non-exhaustive manner, we will discuss the current literature on how O-GlcNAcylation drives gene transcription in cancer through changes in transcription factor or chromatin remodeling complex functions. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges associated with studying O-GlcNAcylation and present several new approaches for studying O-GlcNAc regulated transcription that will advance our understanding of the role of O-GlcNAc in cancer.
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139
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Fresques T, LaBarge MA. <PE-AT>Contributions of Yap and Taz dysfunction to breast cancer initiation, progression, and aging-related susceptibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:5-18. [PMID: 33693435 DOI: 10.1002/aac2.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Yap and Taz are co-transcription factors that have been implicated in the development of many cancers. Here, we review the literature that analyzes the function of Yap/Taz in normal breast and breast cancer contexts. Our review of the literature suggests that that Yap and Taz are involved in breast cancer and Taz, in particular, is involved in the triple negative subtype. Nevertheless, the precise contexts in which Yap/Taz contribute to specific breast cancer phenotypes remains unclear. Indeed, Yap/Taz dysregulation acts differentially and in multiple epithelial cell types during early breast cancer progression. We propose Yap/Taz activation promotes breast cancer phenotypes in breast cancer precursor cells. Further, Yap dysregulation as a result of aging in breast tissue may result in microenvironments that increase the fitness of breast cancer precursor cells relative to the normal epithelia. <PE-FRONTEND>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Fresques
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Mark A LaBarge
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA.,Center for Cancer Biomarkers Research, University of Bergen, Norway
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140
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Chen W, Park S, Patel C, Bai Y, Henary K, Raha A, Mohammadi S, You L, Geng F. The migration of metastatic breast cancer cells is regulated by matrix stiffness via YAP signalling. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06252. [PMID: 33659755 PMCID: PMC7895759 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix stiffness is a driver of breast cancer progression and mechanosensitive transcriptional activator YAP plays an important role in this process. However, the interplay between breast cancer and matrix stiffness, and the significance of this interplay remained largely unknown. Here, we showed an increase in YAP nuclear localization and a higher proliferation rate in both highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells and the non-metastatic counterpart MCF-7 cells when they were exposed to the stiff matrix. However, in response to the stiff matrix highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells instead of MCF-7 cells exhibited upregulated mobility, which was shown to be YAP-dependent. Consistently, MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited different focal adhesion dynamics from MCF-7 cells in response to matrix stiffness. These results suggested a YAP-dependent mechanism through which matrix stiffness regulates the migratory potential of metastatic breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 0A3, Canada
| | - Shihyun Park
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Chrishma Patel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yuxin Bai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Karim Henary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 0A3, Canada
| | - Arjun Raha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 0A3, Canada
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 0A3, Canada
| | - Lidan You
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 0A3, Canada
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 0A3, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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141
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Meng KP, Majedi FS, Thauland TJ, Butte MJ. Mechanosensing through YAP controls T cell activation and metabolism. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151831. [PMID: 32484502 PMCID: PMC7398163 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon immunogenic challenge, lymph nodes become mechanically stiff as immune cells activate and proliferate within their encapsulated environments, and with resolution, they reestablish a soft baseline state. Here we show that sensing these mechanical changes in the microenvironment requires the mechanosensor YAP. YAP is induced upon activation and suppresses metabolic reprogramming of effector T cells. Unlike in other cell types in which YAP promotes proliferation, YAP in T cells suppresses proliferation in a stiffness-dependent manner by directly restricting the translocation of NFAT1 into the nucleus. YAP slows T cell responses in systemic viral infections and retards effector T cells in autoimmune diabetes. Our work reveals a paradigm whereby tissue mechanics fine-tune adaptive immune responses in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Meng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Fatemeh S Majedi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Timothy J Thauland
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Manish J Butte
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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142
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Li C, Peng Z, Wang Y, Lam G, Nissen N, Tang J, Yuan X, Lewis M, Greene MI, Pandol SJ, Wang Q. Epithelial cell transforming 2 is regulated by Yes-associated protein 1 and mediates pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G380-G395. [PMID: 33501895 PMCID: PMC8202240 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00185.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly metastatic and represents one of the deadliest forms of human cancers. Previous studies showed that activation of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) plays a key role in malignant transformation in the pancreas. In this study, we found that YAP1 regulates the expression of epithelial cell transforming 2 (ECT2), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho-like GTPases. By immunohistochemistry analysis of human tissues, we show that ECT2 is highly expressed in primary PDAC and liver metastasis but not in normal pancreas. These correlations were also observed in a mouse model of PDAC, where pancreatic transformation is driven by mutants of Kras and Trp53. Notably, nuclear ECT2 is upregulated in the transition from preneoplastic lesions to PDAC. High levels of YAP1 or ECT2 expression correlates with the poor overall survival rate of patients with PDAC. We further demonstrate that ECT2 is required for pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Finally, using a syngeneic orthotopic xenograft mouse model for pancreatic cancer, we found that ablation of ECT2 expression reduces pancreatic cancer growth and dissemination to the liver. These findings highlight the critical role of ECT2 in promoting pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis and provides insights into the development of novel methods for early detection and treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest forms of human cancers. In this study, we identified a novel signaling mechanism involved in PDAC progression and metastasis. Yes-associated protein 1 mediates the expression of epithelial cell transforming 2, which is elevated in PDAC and correlates with poor survival. Epithelial cell transforming 2 is required for PDAC growth and metastasis. This study provides insights into the development of novel methods for early detection and treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Li
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,2Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhenzi Peng
- 2Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,3Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gloria Lam
- 2Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicholas Nissen
- 5Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jie Tang
- 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaopu Yuan
- 6Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Lewis
- 7Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark I. Greene
- 8Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- 2Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qiang Wang
- 2Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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143
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Extracts of Perilla frutescens var. Acuta (Odash.) Kudo Leaves Have Antitumor Effects on Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing YAP Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5619761. [PMID: 33628300 PMCID: PMC7899781 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5619761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP)/WW domain-containing transcription factor (TAZ) is critical for cell proliferation, survival, and self-renewal. It has been shown to play a crucial oncogenic role in many different types of tumors. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of the extracts of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (Odash.) Kudo leaves (PLE) on Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling. PLE induced the phosphorylation of YAP/TAZ, thereby inhibiting their activity. In addition, the treatment suppresses YAP/TAZ transcriptional activity via the dissociation of the YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of PLE in the regulation of YAP activity, we treated WT and cell lines with gene knockout (KO) for Hippo pathway components with PLE. The inhibitory effects of PLE on YAP-TEAD target genes were significantly attenuated in LATS1/2 KO cells. Moreover, we found the antitumor effect of PLE on MDA-MB-231 and BT549, both of which are triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. PLE reduced the viability of TNBC cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced cell apoptosis. Further, PLE inhibited the migration ability in MDA-MB-231 cells. This ability was weakened in YAP and TEAD-activated clones suggesting that the inhibition of migration by PLE is mainly achieved by regulating YAP activity. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that PLE suppressed cell growth and increased the apoptosis of breast cancer (BC) cells via inactivation of YAP activity in a LATS1/2-dependent manner.
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144
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Wu Y, Li M, Lin J, Hu C. Hippo/TEAD4 signaling pathway as a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:313. [PMID: 33692845 PMCID: PMC7933775 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide. The Hippo signaling pathway is strongly associated with cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis and resistance to breast cancer treatment. The upstream factors involved in the Hippo signaling pathway, including mammalian Ste20 kinases 1/2, large tumor suppressor kinases 1/2 and transcription coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), have been extensively studied as they are considered therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Recently, it has been suggested that the transcriptional enhancer factor domain (TEAD) family of transcription factors, particularly TEAD4, plays an important role in breast cancer. TEADs interact with YAP/TAZ to act as transcription factors. Notably, recent studies have demonstrated that TEAD4 may also function in a YAP/TAZ-independent manner and serve as a prognostic marker for breast cancer. The present review summarizes the current research on the effect of the aberrant activation of the Hippo signaling pathway on breast cancer progression. Furthermore, the latest advances on the role of the TEAD family in breast cancer are highlighted, and the role of TEAD4 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Chenxia Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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145
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Huang Z, Yan Y, Tang P, Cai J, Cao X, Wang Z, Zhang F, Shen B. TEAD4 as a Prognostic Marker Promotes Cell Migration and Invasion of Urinary Bladder Cancer via EMT. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:937-949. [PMID: 33603398 PMCID: PMC7882801 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s290425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose As a member of TEA Domain Transcription Factors (TEADs), TEAD4 was found to be upregulated in urinary bladder cancer (UBC). This study focused on investigating the clinical value and potential functions of TEAD4 in UBC. Materials and Methods Patients' samples, TCGA-BLCA and multiple GEO datasets were applied to explore the expression pattern of TEAD4 in UBC. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were carried out to evaluate the prognostic significance of TEAD4 in UBC. Wound healing and transwell assays were performed to explore the biological functions of TEAD4 in UBC cells. Results The results of TCGA-BLCA, GEO datasets, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) indicated that TEAD4 was strikingly elevated in UBC tissues as compared to their normal counterparts, and upregulation of TEAD4 was significantly correlated with clinical stage, pathological grade and poor clinical outcome. Functional studies demonstrated that TEAD4 knockdown suppressed cell migration and invasion by reducing the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers and transcription regulators. Conclusion Our results suggest that TEAD4 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for UBC, and act as a pro-tumorigenic gene to promote cell migration and invasion by inducing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Tang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Cai
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqian Cao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
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146
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Integrin α3β1 Promotes Invasive and Metastatic Properties of Breast Cancer Cells through Induction of the Brn-2 Transcription Factor. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030480. [PMID: 33513758 PMCID: PMC7866210 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly lethal with limited therapy options. Integrin α3β1 is a cell surface receptor that interacts with the extracellular matrix and facilitates communication between tumor cells and their microenvironment. α3β1 is implicated in breast cancer progression and metastasis, so understanding mechanisms by which α3β1 promotes invasion and metastasis will facilitate the development of this integrin as a potential therapeutic target. Here we identify a novel role for α3β1 in promoting the expression of the transcription factor Brain-2 (Brn-2) in triple-negative breast cancer cells. We further report that Brn-2 promotes invasion and metastasis and partially restores invasion to cells in which expression of α3β1 has been suppressed. Bioinformatic analysis of patient datasets revealed a positive correlation between the expression of the genes encoding the integrin α3 subunit and Brn-2. In summary, our work identifies α3β1-mediated induction of Brn-2 as a mechanism that regulates invasive and metastatic properties of breast cancer cells. Abstract In the current study, we demonstrate that integrin α3β1 promotes invasive and metastatic traits of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells through induction of the transcription factor, Brain-2 (Brn-2). We show that RNAi-mediated suppression of α3β1 in MDA-MB-231 cells caused reduced expression of Brn-2 mRNA and protein and reduced activity of the BRN2 gene promoter. In addition, RNAi-targeting of Brn-2 in MDA-MB-231 cells decreased invasion in vitro and lung colonization in vivo, and exogenous Brn-2 expression partially restored invasion to cells in which α3β1 was suppressed. α3β1 promoted phosphorylation of Akt in MDA-MB-231 cells, and treatment of these cells with a pharmacological Akt inhibitor (MK-2206) reduced both Brn-2 expression and cell invasion, indicating that α3β1-Akt signaling contributes to Brn-2 induction. Analysis of RNAseq data from patients with invasive breast carcinoma revealed that high BRN2 expression correlates with poor survival. Moreover, high BRN2 expression positively correlates with high ITGA3 expression in basal-like breast cancer, which is consistent with our experimental findings that α3β1 induces Brn-2 in TNBC cells. Together, our study demonstrates a pro-invasive/pro-metastatic role for Brn-2 in breast cancer cells and identifies a role for integrin α3β1 in regulating Brn-2 expression, thereby revealing a novel mechanism of integrin-dependent breast cancer cell invasion.
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147
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Szulzewsky F, Holland EC, Vasioukhin V. YAP1 and its fusion proteins in cancer initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance. Dev Biol 2021; 475:205-221. [PMID: 33428889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
YAP1 is a transcriptional co-activator whose activity is controlled by the Hippo signaling pathway. In addition to important functions in normal tissue homeostasis and regeneration, YAP1 has also prominent functions in cancer initiation, aggressiveness, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In this review we are discussing the molecular functions of YAP1 and its roles in cancer, with a focus on the different mechanisms of de-regulation of YAP1 activity in human cancers, including inactivation of upstream Hippo pathway tumor suppressors, regulation by intersecting pathways, miRNAs, and viral oncogenes. We are also discussing new findings on the function and biology of the recently identified family of YAP1 gene fusions, that constitute a new type of activating mutation of YAP1 and that are the likely oncogenic drivers in several subtypes of human cancers. Lastly, we also discuss different strategies of therapeutic inhibition of YAP1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Szulzewsky
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Seattle Tumor Translational Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Valeri Vasioukhin
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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148
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Tsubaki M, Genno S, Takeda T, Matsuda T, Kimura N, Yamashita Y, Morii Y, Shimomura K, Nishida S. Rhosin Suppressed Tumor Cell Metastasis through Inhibition of Rho/YAP Pathway and Expression of RHAMM and CXCR4 in Melanoma and Breast Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010035. [PMID: 33406809 PMCID: PMC7824767 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of cancer is strongly correlated with the development of distant metastases at secondary sites. Although Rho GTPases, such as RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, and RhoE, promote tumor metastasis, the main roles of Rho GTPases remain unidentified. It is also unclear whether rhosin, a Rho inhibitor, acts by suppressing metastasis by a downstream inhibition of Rho. In this study, we investigated this mechanism of metastasis in highly metastatic melanoma and breast cancer cells, and the mechanism of inhibition of metastasis by rhosin. We found that rhosin suppressed the RhoA and RhoC activation, the nuclear localization of YAP, but did not affect ERK1/2, Akt, or NF-κB activation in the highly metastatic cell lines B16BL6 and 4T1. High expression of YAP was associated with poor overall and recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer or melanoma. Treatment with rhosin inhibited lung metastasis in vivo. Moreover, rhosin inhibited tumor cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix via suppression of RHAMM expression, and inhibited SDF-1-induced cell migration and invasion by decreasing CXCR4 expression in B16BL6 and 4T1 cells. These results suggest that the inhibition of RhoA/C-YAP pathway by rhosin could be an extremely useful therapeutic approach in patients with melanoma and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.G.); (T.T.); (T.M.); (N.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Shuuji Genno
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.G.); (T.T.); (T.M.); (N.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tomoya Takeda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.G.); (T.T.); (T.M.); (N.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Takuya Matsuda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.G.); (T.T.); (T.M.); (N.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Naoto Kimura
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.G.); (T.T.); (T.M.); (N.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuuma Yamashita
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.G.); (T.T.); (T.M.); (N.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuusuke Morii
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.G.); (T.T.); (T.M.); (N.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Phamacy, Municipal Ikeda Hospital, Ikeda, Osaka 563-0025, Japan;
| | - Kazunori Shimomura
- Department of Phamacy, Municipal Ikeda Hospital, Ikeda, Osaka 563-0025, Japan;
| | - Shozo Nishida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.G.); (T.T.); (T.M.); (N.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6721-2332
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149
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Drexler R, Fahy R, Küchler M, Wagner KC, Reese T, Ehmke M, Feyerabend B, Kleine M, Oldhafer KJ. Association of subcellular localization of TEAD transcription factors with outcome and progression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2021; 21:170-179. [PMID: 33317954 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptional enhanced associated domain (TEAD) transcription factors are nuclear effectors of several oncogenic signalling pathways including Hippo, WNT, TGF-ß and EGFR pathways that interact with various cancer genes. The subcellular localization of TEAD regulates the functional output of these pathways affecting tumour progression and patient outcome. However, the impact of the TEAD family on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its clinical progression remain elusive. METHODS A cohort of 81 PDAC patients who had undergone surgery was established. Cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of TEAD1, TEAD2, TEAD3 and TEAD4 was evaluated with the immunoreactive score (IRS) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using paraffin-embedded tissue. Results were correlated with clinicopathological data, disease-free and overall survival. RESULTS Nuclear staining of all four TEADs was increased in pancreatic cancer tissue. Patients suffering from metastatic disease at time of surgery showed a strong nuclear staining of TEAD2 and TEAD3 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a nuclear > cytoplasmic ratio of TEAD2 and TEAD3 was associated with a shorter overall survival and TEAD2 emerged as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. CONCLUSION Our study underlines the importance of TEAD transcription factors in PDAC as a nuclear localization was found to be associated with metastatic disease and an unfavourable prognosis after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Drexler
- Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Fahy
- Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirco Küchler
- Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kim C Wagner
- Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Reese
- Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Ehmke
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Moritz Kleine
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl J Oldhafer
- Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
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150
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Xiu Z, Liu J, Wu X, Li X, Li S, Wu X, Lv X, Ye H, Tang X. Cytochalasin H isolated from mangrove-derived endophytic fungus inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness via YAP/TAZ signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:1169-1178. [PMID: 33442415 PMCID: PMC7797655 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have isolated cytochalasin H (CyH) from endophytic fungus derived from mangrove and found that CyH induced apoptosis and inhibited migration and angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In this study, we further investigated the effect of CyH on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness of A549 and NCI-H460 NSCLC cells and the underlying mechanisms, especially the role of YAP/ TAZ signaling pathway in the process. Our results showed that CyH significantly inhibited invasive ability and the sphere formation of NSCLC cells. The expression of E-cadherin, an EMT epithelial marker, was obviously up-regulated, while the expression of Vimentin and N-cadherin, the EMT mesenchymal markers, was dramatically down-regulated by CyH treatment in NSCLC cells. Moreover, the expression of EMT-associated transcription factors including Slug, Twist1, and Snail1 and stemness markers including Nanog, Sox-2, and Oct-4 was significantly down-regulated by CyH treatment in NSCLC cells. Additionally, CyH significantly down-regulated YAP and TAZ expression and up-regulated LAST1/2 and MST1/2 expression, and CyH inhibited the interaction between YAP and TEAD. Furthermore, YAP knockdown abolished the effect of CyH on the expression of EMT- and stemness-related markers in NSCLC cells. Taken together, these results suggest that CyH inhibits EMT and cancer stemness of NSCLC cells via the regulation of YAP/TAZ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xiu
- Collaborative innovation center for antitumor active substance research and development, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Collaborative innovation center for antitumor active substance research and development, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Collaborative innovation center for antitumor active substance research and development, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China
| | - Sanzhong Li
- Collaborative innovation center for antitumor active substance research and development, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Collaborative innovation center for antitumor active substance research and development, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China
| | - Hua Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Collaborative innovation center for antitumor active substance research and development, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
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