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Liu Y, Geng G, Cheng J, Liu Y, Xiao Q, Liu L, Shi Q, Tong D, He K, Zhang Q. Drivers of Increasing Ozone during the Two Phases of Clean Air Actions in China 2013-2020. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37276527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In response to the severe air pollution issue, the Chinese government implemented two phases (Phase I, 2013-2017; Phase II, 2018-2020) of clean air actions since 2013, resulting in a significant decline in fine particles (PM2.5) during 2013-2020, while the warm-season (April-September) mean maximum daily 8 h average ozone (MDA8 O3) increased by 2.6 μg m-3 yr-1 in China during the same period. Here, we derived the drivers behind the rising O3 concentrations during the two phases of clean air actions by using a bottom-up emission inventory, a regional chemical transport model, and a multiple linear regression model. We found that both meteorological variations (3.6 μg m-3) and anthropogenic emissions (6.7 μg m-3) contributed to the growth of MDA8 O3 from 2013 to 2020, with the changes in anthropogenic emissions playing a more important role. The anthropogenic contributions to the O3 rise during 2017-2020 (1.2 μg m-3) were much lower than that in 2013-2017 (5.2 μg m-3). The lack of volatile organic compound (VOC) control and the decline in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were responsible for the O3 increase in 2013-2017 due to VOC-limited regimes in most urban areas, while the synergistic control of VOC and NOx in Phase II initially worked to mitigate O3 pollution during 2018-2020, although its effectiveness was offset by the penalty of PM2.5 decline. Future mitigation efforts should pay more attention to the simultaneous control of VOC and NOx to improve O3 air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guannan Geng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingyang Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liangke Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinren Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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102
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Wang H, Ke Y, Tan Y, Zhu B, Zhao T, Yin Y. Observational evidence for the dual roles of BC in the megacity of eastern China: Enhanced O 3 and decreased PM 2.5 pollution. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138548. [PMID: 37001757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 pollution has been alleviated significantly since implementing the Clean Air Action in China, whereas a concomitant increase in O3 pollution has been observed. In the megacity of China, haze episodes can be aggravated by the interaction between aerosols and the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Such interactions have been largely investigated in the middle and upper PBL and less so near the ground. Here, using observations from the ground and in the PBL during summer, we find that haze pollution has decreased notably, but O3 pollution has worsened in Nanjing. PM2.5, black carbon (BC), BC/PM2.5, O3 and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) changed at rates of -0.34 μg m-3·month-1, 13 ng m-3·month-1, 0.08%·month-1, -0.06 μg m-3·month-1 and 1.5 m month-1, respectively (3.5 m·month-1excluding data from 2020) during 2015-2020. The height of the lower boundary of the temperature inversion layer decreased first and then increased at a rate of 5.4 m month-1 between 2017 and 2020. As the PM2.5 concentration has decreased by 42.4% over the last six years, aerosol extinction has weakened in the PBL. Subsequently, the solar radiation has strengthened near the ground, which is conducive to forming O3 and is mainly concentrated between 0 and 600 m. Due to the heating effect of BC, which can increase the temperature near the ground, the lower boundary of the inversion layer has been elevated, which further mitigates and aggravates the haze and O3 pollution, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yue Ke
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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103
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Liu X, Gao H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yan J, Niu J, Chen F. Driving Forces of Meteorology and Emission Changes on Surface Ozone in the Huaihe River Basin, China. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2023; 234:355. [PMID: 37275321 PMCID: PMC10219803 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) pollution in China has become a serious environmental problem in recent years. In the present study, we targeted the HRB, a large region located in China's north-south border zone, to assess the driving forces of meteorology and emission changes on surface ozone. A Kolmogorov-Zurbenko (KZ) filter method was performed on the maximum daily average 8-h (MDA8) concentrations of ozone in the HRB during 2015-2020 to decompose the original time series. The findings demonstrated that the short-term (O3ST), seasonal (O3SN), and long-term components (O3LT) of MDA8 O3 variations accounted for 34.2%, 56.1%, and 2.9% of the total variance, respectively. O3SN has the greatest influence on the daily variation in MDA8 O3, followed by O3ST. In coastal cities, the influence of O3ST was enhanced. The influence of O3SN was stronger in the northwestern HRB. Air temperature is the prevailing variable that influences the photochemical formation of ozone. A clear phase lag (7-34 days) of the baseline component between MDA8 O3 and the atmospheric temperature was found in the HRB. Using multiple linear regression, the effect of temperature on ozone was removed. We estimated that the increase in ozone concentration in the HRB was mainly caused by the emission changes (79.4%), and the meteorological conditions made a small contribution (20.6%). This study suggests that reductions in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) will play an important role in further ozone pollution reduction in the HRB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11270-023-06345-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Liu
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Junhui Yan
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Jiqiang Niu
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Feiyan Chen
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
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104
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Qian Z, Meng Q, Chen K, Zhang Z, Liang H, Yang H, Huang X, Zhong W, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Zhang B, Zhang K, Chen M, Zhang Y, Ge X. Machine Learning Explains Long-Term Trend and Health Risk of Air Pollution during 2015-2022 in a Coastal City in Eastern China. TOXICS 2023; 11:481. [PMID: 37368580 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution is one of the greatest environmental risks for human health. Air pollution level is significantly driven by anthropogenic emissions and meteorological conditions. To protect people from air pollutants, China has implemented clean air actions to reduce anthropogenic emissions, which has led to rapid improvement in air quality over China. Here, we evaluated the impact of anthropogenic emissions and meteorological conditions on trends in air pollutants in a coastal city (Lianyungang) in eastern China from 2015 to 2022 based on a random forest model. The annual mean concentration of observed air pollutants, including fine particles, inhalable particles, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide, presented significant decreasing trends during 2015-2022, with dominant contributions (55-75%) by anthropogenic emission reduction. An increasing trend in ozone was observed with an important contribution (28%) by anthropogenic emissions. The impact of meteorological conditions on air pollution showed significant seasonality. For instance, the negative impact on aerosol pollution occurred during cold months, while the positive impact was in warm months. Health-risk-based air quality decreased by approximately 40% in 8 years, for which anthropogenic emission made a major contribution (93%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Qian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Qingxiao Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Kehong Chen
- Lianyungang Environmental Monitoring Center, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Zihang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Han Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaolei Huang
- Lianyungang Environmental Monitoring Center, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Weibin Zhong
- Lianyungang Environmental Monitoring Center, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ziqian Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Binqian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yunjiang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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105
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Meng X, Jiang J, Chen T, Zhang Z, Lu B, Liu C, Xue L, Chen J, Herrmann H, Li X. Chemical drivers of ozone change in extreme temperatures in eastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162424. [PMID: 36868278 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone pollution has become the biggest issue in China's air pollution since particulate matters have been improved in the atmosphere. Compared with normal winter/summer, extremely cold/hot weather sustained several days and nights by unfavorable meteorology is more impactful in this regard. However, ozone changes in extreme temperatures and their driving processes remain rarely understood. Here, we combine comprehensive observational data analysis and 0-D box models to quantify the contributions of different chemical processes and precursors to ozone change in these unique environments. Analyses of radical cycling indicate that temperature accelerates OH-HO2-RO2, optimizing ozone production efficiency in higher temperatures. The HO2 + NO → OH + NO2 reaction was the most influenced by temperature change, followed by OH + VOCs → HO2/RO2. Although most reactions in ozone formation increased with temperature, the increase in ozone production rates was greater than the rate of ozone loss, leading to a fast net ozone accumulation in heat waves. Our results also show that the ozone sensitivity regime is VOC-limited in extreme temperatures, highlighting the significance of volatile organic compound (VOC) control (particularly the control of alkenes and aromatics). In the context of global warming and climate change, this study helps us deeply understand ozone formation in extreme environments and design abatement policies for ozone pollution in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Meng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiakui Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshu Chen
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Zekun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingqing Lu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (IfT), Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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106
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Chen Z, Xie Y, Liu J, Shen L, Cheng X, Han H, Yang M, Shen Y, Zhao T, Hu J. Distinct seasonality in vertical variations of tropospheric ozone over coastal regions of southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162423. [PMID: 36858237 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The surface ozone pollution is strongly coupled with ozone variations above the ground. Using sufficient airborne ozone profiles during 2012-2018, this study reveals the tropospheric ozone distributions over four cities located in coastal regions of southern China. The 7-year mean tropospheric ozone profiles in the four cities consistently show a double-maxima profile, with a local maximum at 1 km altitude and the other in the middle-to-upper troposphere. Seasonally, springtime ozone is larger than the annual mean throughout the troposphere, while ozone in summer is high in the middle-to-upper troposphere, leading to largest vertical variations among seasons. Ozone in the middle-to-upper troposphere is lower in autumn than in spring and summer. The winter ozone is characterized with a minimum in the lower troposphere, and low values in the middle-to-upper troposphere, leading to least vertical variations among seasons. We untangle the causes for these complicated vertical ozone variations using the GEOS-Chem model. The tropospheric ozone over southern China is partitioned into locally produced ozone, regionally transported native ozone, imported ozone from outside of China (foreign ozone) and natural stratospheric ozone. The results suggest that the springtime ozone abundance is due to the enhanced import of foreign and stratospheric ozone and the intensified regional transport processes of native ozone. In summer, local ozone production is enhanced and regional transport of ozone in the middle-to-upper troposphere is strengthened due to upward air motions, while such transport becomes weaker in autumn leaving low ozone in the middle-to-upper troposphere. In winter, the intensive westerly jets promote foreign and stratospheric ozone again in the middle-to-upper troposphere, but the local ozone production and regional transport are sharply reduced, resulting in low ozone near the surface. This study provides new insights into regional ozone profiles and reveals the significance of vertical ozone variations on surface ozone prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yangcheng Xie
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jane Liu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lijuan Shen
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of the China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xugeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Han Han
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengmiao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yukun Shen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of the China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Fujian Academy of Environmental Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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107
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Xiao S, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Song W, Pei C, Chen D, Wang X. The contributions of non-methane hydrocarbon emissions by different fuel type on-road vehicles based on tests in a heavily trafficked urban tunnel. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162432. [PMID: 36841415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Automobile exhaust is a major source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in metropolitan areas, yet it is difficult to accurately determine the contributions of different types of on-road vehicles. Tunnel tests are an effective way to measure real-world vehicle emissions, and the data collected are also suitable for receptor modeling to analyze the contributions of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) from different types of vehicles, as the closed environment ensures good mixing and minimal aging. In this study, tunnel tests were conducted inside a heavily trafficked city tunnel in Guangzhou in south China, and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to the inlet-outlet incremental NMHC data. The results revealed that gasoline vehicles (GVs), Liquefied Petroleum Gas vehicles (LPGVs), and diesel vehicles (DVs) were responsible for 39 %, 45 % and 16 % of NMHCs, and 52 %, 23 %, and 24 % of the ozone formation potentials, respectively. LPGVs were the largest contributor of (56 %) alkanes, and GVs were the largest contributor of aromatics (61 %) and C2-C4 alkenes (55 %). With the video-recorded traffic counts the emissions of different fuel types are further compared on a per-vehicle-per-kilometer basis, and the results reveal that LPGVs and GVs were comparable in the OFPs of NMHCs emitted per kilometer, while on average a DV emitted 2.0 times more NMHCs than a GV with 2.4 times more OFPs. This study highlights substantial contribution of reactive alkenes and aromatics by DVs and the benefits of strengthening diesel exhaust control in terms of preventing ozone pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenglei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Province Guangzhou Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Duohong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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108
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Madronich S, Sulzberger B, Longstreth JD, Schikowski T, Andersen MPS, Solomon KR, Wilson SR. Changes in tropospheric air quality related to the protection of stratospheric ozone in a changing climate. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1129-1176. [PMID: 37310641 PMCID: PMC10262938 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation drives the net production of tropospheric ozone (O3) and a large fraction of particulate matter (PM) including sulfate, nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols. Ground-level O3 and PM are detrimental to human health, leading to several million premature deaths per year globally, and have adverse effects on plants and the yields of crops. The Montreal Protocol has prevented large increases in UV radiation that would have had major impacts on air quality. Future scenarios in which stratospheric O3 returns to 1980 values or even exceeds them (the so-called super-recovery) will tend to ameliorate urban ground-level O3 slightly but worsen it in rural areas. Furthermore, recovery of stratospheric O3 is expected to increase the amount of O3 transported into the troposphere by meteorological processes that are sensitive to climate change. UV radiation also generates hydroxyl radicals (OH) that control the amounts of many environmentally important chemicals in the atmosphere including some greenhouse gases, e.g., methane (CH4), and some short-lived ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). Recent modeling studies have shown that the increases in UV radiation associated with the depletion of stratospheric ozone over 1980-2020 have contributed a small increase (~ 3%) to the globally averaged concentrations of OH. Replacements for ODSs include chemicals that react with OH radicals, hence preventing the transport of these chemicals to the stratosphere. Some of these chemicals, e.g., hydrofluorocarbons that are currently being phased out, and hydrofluoroolefins now used increasingly, decompose into products whose fate in the environment warrants further investigation. One such product, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), has no obvious pathway of degradation and might accumulate in some water bodies, but is unlikely to cause adverse effects out to 2100.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA.
- USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
| | - B Sulzberger
- Academic Guest after retirement from Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - J D Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, LLC, Bethesda, USA
| | - T Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - M P Sulbæk Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, USA
| | - K R Solomon
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - S R Wilson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
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109
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Sun Y, Liu LY, Lv LL, Zhou XX, Luo YY, Qu JZ, Ma WL, Zhang ZF, Song L, Wang L, Li YF. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor/outdoor window films and the indoor film/air partition of northeastern Chinese college dormitories. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138136. [PMID: 36796526 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Indoor window films can represent short-term air pollution conditions of indoor environment through rapidly capturing organic contaminants as effective passive air samplers. To investigate the temporal variation, influence factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor window films, and the exchange behavior with gas phase in college dormitories, 42 pairs window films of interior and exterior window surfaces and corresponding indoor gas phase and dust samples were collected monthly in six selected dormitories, Harbin, China, from August to December 2019 and September 2020. The average concentration of ∑16PAHs in indoor window films (398 ng/m2) was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than that in outdoors (652 ng/m2). In addition, the median indoor/outdoor ∑16PAHs concentration ratio was close to 0.5, showing that outdoor air acted as a major PAH source to indoor environment. The 5-ring PAHs were mostly dominant in window films whereas the 3-ring PAHs contributed mostly in gas phase. 3-ring PAHs and 4-ring PAHs were both important contributors for dormitory dust. Window films showed stable temporal variation, i.e. PAH concentrations in heating months were higher than those in non-heating months. The atmospheric O3 concentration was the main influence factor of PAHs in indoor window films. PAHs with low molecular weight in indoor window films rapidly reached film/air equilibrium phase within in dozens of hours. The large deviation in the slope of the log KF-A versus log KOA regression line from that in reported equilibrium formula might be the difference between the window film composition and octanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS)/International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS)/International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Lv
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xi-Xi Zhou
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yu-Yan Luo
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jin-Ze Qu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS)/International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS)/International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Li Song
- Heilongjiang Institute of Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases/The Second Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS)/International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto, M2N 6X9, Canada
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110
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Ou S, Wei W, Cheng S, Cai B. Exploring drivers of the aggravated surface O 3 over North China Plain in summer of 2015-2019: Aerosols, precursors, and meteorology. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:453-464. [PMID: 36522077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Continuous aggravated surface O3 over North China Plain (NCP) has attracted widely public concern. Herein, we evaluated the effects of changes in aerosols, precursor emissions, and meteorology on O3 in summer (June) of 2015-2019 over NCP via 8 scenarios with WRF-Chem model. The simulated mean MDA8 O3 in urban areas of 13 major cities in NCP increased by 17.1%∼34.8%, which matched well with the observations (10.8%∼33.1%). Meanwhile, the model could faithfully reproduce the changes in aerosol loads, precursors, and meteorological conditions. A relatively-even O3 increase (+1.2%∼+3.9% for 24-h O3 and +1.0%∼+3.8% for MDA8 O3) was induced by PM2.5 dropping, which was consistent with the geographic distribution of regional PM2.5 reduction. Meanwhile, the NO2 reduction coupled with a near-constant VOCs led to the elevated VOCs/NOx ratios, and then caused O3 rising in the areas under VOCs-limited regimes. Therein, the pronounced increases occurred in Handan, Xingtai, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, and Langfang (+10.7%∼+13.6% for 24-h O3 and +10.2%∼+12.2% for MDA8 O3); while the increases in other cities were 5.7%∼10.5% for 24-h O3 and 4.9%∼9.2% for MDA8 O3. Besides, the meteorological fluctuations brought about the more noticeable O3 increases in northern parts (+12.5%∼+13.5% for 24-h O3 and +11.2%∼+12.4% for MDA8 O3) than those in southern and central parts (+3.2%∼+9.3% for 24-h O3 and +3.7%∼+8.8% for MDA8 O3). The sum of the impacts of the three drivers reached 16.7%∼21.9%, which were comparable to the changes of the observed O3. Therefore, exploring reasonable emissions-reduction strategies is essential for the ozone pollution mitigation over this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengju Ou
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Bin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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111
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Wang M, Li G, Feng Z, Liu Y, Yuan X, Uscola M. A wider spectrum of avoidance and tolerance mechanisms explained ozone sensitivity of two white poplar ploidy levels. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:655-666. [PMID: 36694346 PMCID: PMC10147324 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Polyploidization can improve plant mass yield for bioenergy support, yet few studies have investigated ozone (O3) sensitivity linked to internal regulatory mechanisms at different ploidy levels. METHODS Diploid and triploid Populus tomentosa plants were exposed to ambient and ambient plus 60 ppb [O3]. We explored their differences in sensitivity (leaf morphological, physiological and biochemical traits, and plant mass) as well as mechanisms of avoidance (stomatal conductance, xanthophyll cycle, thermal dissipation) and tolerance (ROS scavenging system) in response to O3 at two developmental phases. KEY RESULTS Triploid plants had the highest plant growth under ambient O3, even under O3 fumigation. However, triploid plants were the most sensitive to O3 and under elevated O3 showed the largest decreases in photosynthetic capacity and performance, as well as increased shoot:root ratio, and the highest lipid peroxidation. Thus, plant mass production could be impacted in triploid plants under long-term O3 contamination. Both diploid and triploid plants reduced stomatal aperture in response to O3, thereby reducing O3 entrance, yet only in diploid plants was reduced stomatal aperture associated with minimal (non-significant) damage to photosynthetic pigments and lower lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSIONS Tolerance mechanisms of plants of both ploidy levels mainly focused on the enzymatic reduction of hydrogen peroxide through catalase and peroxidase, yet these homeostatic regulatory mechanisms were higher in diploid plants. Our study recommends triploid white poplar as a bioenergy species only under short-term O3 contamination. Under continuously elevated O3 over the long term, diploid white poplar may perform better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guolei Li
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Research Center of Deciduous Oaks, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Valuable Deciduous Tree Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Research Center of Deciduous Oaks, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Valuable Deciduous Tree Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mercedes Uscola
- Universidad de Alcalá, Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, U.D. Ecología, Apdo. 20, E-28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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112
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Duan X, Yan Y, Xie K, Niu Y, Xu Y, Peng L. Impact of primary emission variations on secondary inorganic aerosol formation: Prospective from COVID-19 lockdown in a typical northern China city. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121355. [PMID: 36842622 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hourly observations in northern China city of Taiyuan were performed to compare secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) reaction mechanisms, and emission effects on SIA during the pre-lock and COVID-19 lock days. Emission control implemented and meteorological conditions during lock days both caused beneficial impact on air quality. NO2 showed the highest decrease ratio of -49.5%, while the relative fraction of NO3- in PM2.5 increased the most (2.7%). Source apportionment revealed the top three contributors to PM2.5 were secondary formation (SF), coal combustion (CC), and vehicle exhaust (VE) during both pre-lock and lock days. EC lock/pre were all lower than 1, suggesting the overall reduction of primary emissions during lock days, while the higher ratio of (SIA/EC) lock/pre (1.01-1.36) indicated the enhanced secondary formation in lock days. The ratio of SIA of pollution to clean days during lock periods considerably higher by 23.7% compared with that in pre-lock periods, which was indicated SIA secondary formation was more pronounced and contributed great to pollution days in lock periods though secondary formation existed in pre-lock and lock periods. Enhanced secondary formation of NO3- and SO42- during lock days might be mainly due to the increased in aqueous and gas-phase reactions, respectively. Except for SF, high contribution of VE and CC were also important for high SIA concentration in pre-lock and lock days, respectively. The decreased contribution of VE weakens its contribution to SIA formation, indicating the effectiveness of VE emission control, as confirmed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study highlights the aqueous and gas-phase reactions for nitrate and sulfate, respectively, which contributed to heavy pollution, as well as indicated the important role of VE on SIA formation, suggesting the urgent need to further strengthen controls on vehicle emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yulong Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China; Institute of Transport Energy and Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Kai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yueyuan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School for Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China; Institute of Transport Energy and Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
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113
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Jiang C, Pei C, Cheng C, Shen H, Zhang Q, Lian X, Xiong X, Gao W, Liu M, Wang Z, Huang B, Tang M, Yang F, Zhou Z, Li M. Emission factors and source profiles of volatile organic compounds from typical industrial sources in Guangzhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161758. [PMID: 36702262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). An accurate depiction of the emission characteristics of VOCs is the key to formulating VOC control strategies. In this study, the VOC emission factors and source profiles in five industrial sectors were developed using large-scale field measurements conducted in Guangzhou, China (100 samples for the emission factors and 434 samples for the source profile measurements). The emission factors based on the actual measurement method and the material balance method were 1.6-152.4 kg of VOCs per ton of raw materials (kg/t) and 3.1-242.2 kg/t, respectively. The similarities between the emission factors obtained using these two methods were examined, which showed a coefficient of divergence (CD) of 0.34-0.72. Among the 33 subdivided VOC source profiles developed in this study, sources including light guide plate (LGP), photoresist mask, and plastic products were the first time developed in China. Due to regional diversities in terms of production technologies, materials, and products, the emission characteristics of the VOCs varied, even in the same sector, thereby demonstrating the importance of developing localized source profiles of VOCs. The ozone formation potential (OFP) of the shipbuilding and repair sector from fugitive emissions was the highest value among all the industrial sectors. Controlling the emissions of aromatics and OVOCs was critical to reducing the O3 growth momentum in industrial sectors. In addition, 1,2-dibromoethane showed high carcinogenic risk potentials (CRPs) during most of the industrial sectors and should be prioritized for controlling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Jiang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chenglei Pei
- Guangzhou Sub-branch of Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qianhua Zhang
- Guangzhou Sub-branch of Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Xiufeng Lian
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ming Liu
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo Huang
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mei Tang
- Guangdong MS Institute of Scientific Instrument Innovation, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Pudong New District, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China.
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114
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Luo Y, Xu L, Li Z, Zhou X, Zhang X, Wang F, Peng J, Cao C, Chen Z, Yu H. Air pollution in heavy industrial cities along the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang: characteristics, meteorological influence, and sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55092-55111. [PMID: 36884176 PMCID: PMC9994416 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal characteristics, relationship with meteorological factors, and source distribution of air pollutants (January 2017-December 2021) were analyzed to better understand the air pollutants on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM) in Xinjiang, a heavily polluted urban agglomeration of heavy industries. The results showed that the annual mean concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 were 8.61-13.76 μg m-3, 26.53-36.06 μg m-3, 0.79-1.31 mg m-3, 82.24-87.62 μg m-3, 37.98-51.10 μg m-3, and 84.15-97.47 μg m-3. The concentrations of air pollutants (except O3) showed a decreasing trend. The highest concentrations were in winter, and in Wujiaqu, Shihezi, Changji, Urumqi, and Turpan, the concentrations of particulate matter exceeded the NAAQS Grade II during winter. The west wind and the spread of local pollutants both substantially impacted the high concentrations. According to the analysis of the backward trajectory in winter, the air masses were mainly from eastern Kazakhstan and local emission sources, and PM10 in the airflow had a more significant impact on Turpan; the rest of the cities were more affected by PM2.5. Potential sources included Urumqi-Changj-Shihezi, Turpan, the northern Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, and eastern Kazakhstan. Consequently, the emphasis on improving air quality should be on reducing local emissions, strengthening regional cooperation, and researching transboundary transport of air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Luo
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Liping Xu
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Zhongqin Li
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003 China
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Fanglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Jiajia Peng
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Cui Cao
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Heng Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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115
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Hong X, Liu C, Zhang C, Tian Y, Wu H, Yin H, Zhu Y, Cheng Y. Vast ecosystem disturbance in a warming climate may jeopardize our climate goal of reducing CO 2: a case study for megafires in the Australian 'black summer'. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161387. [PMID: 36621492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A warming climate is one of the most important driving forces of intensified wildfires globally. The unprecedented wildfires broke out in the Australian 'Black Summer' (November 2019-February 2020), which released massive heat, gases, and particles into the atmosphere. The total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from wildfires were estimated at ∼963 million tons by using a top-down approach based on direct satellite measurements of CO2 and fire radiative power. The fire emissions have led to an approximately 50-80 folds increase in total CO2 emission in Australia compared with the similar seasons of 2014-2019. The excess CO2 from wildfires has offset almost half of the global anthropogenic CO2 emission reductions due to the Corona Virus Disease 2019 in 2020. When the wildfires were intense in December 2019, they caused a 1.48 watts per square meter additional positive radiative forcing above the monthly average in Australia and the vicinity. Our findings demonstrate that vast ecosystem disturbance in a warming climate can strongly influence the global carbon cycle and hamper our climate goal of reducing CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Hong
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yizhi Zhu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany.
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116
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Li L, Zhang D, Hu W, Yang Y, Zhang S, Yuan R, Lv P, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Improving VOC control strategies in industrial parks based on emission behavior, environmental effects, and health risks: A case study through atmospheric measurement and emission inventory. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161235. [PMID: 36586688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Industrial parks have a very important impact on regional economic development, but the extremely complex and relatively concentrated volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from industrial parks also result in it being difficult to control VOCs. In this study, we took a large integrated industrial park in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example, conducted a 1-year monitoring campaign of ambient air VOCs, and established a speciated VOC emission inventory based on the measured chemical profiles of the key industries. The comprehensive control index (CCI) of 125 VOCs was evaluated using the entropy weighting method based on comprehensive consideration of three aspects, namely, emission behavior, environmental effects, and health risks of VOCs, to identify priority VOC species and their key sources for VOC control in industrial parks. The total estimated VOC emissions in the industrial park in 2019 were 6446.96 t. Steel production, sewage treatment, natural gas chemical industry, pharmaceuticals, and industrial boilers were the main sources of VOC emissions. In terms of VOC components, halocarbons, aromatics, and OVOCs were the largest groups of VOCs emitted from the industrial park, accounting for 73.75 % of the total VOC emissions. Using the entropy weighting method, we evaluated the index weights of five parameters: emissions, ozone formation potential, secondary organic aerosol formation potential, hazard quotient, and lifetime cancer risk. Based on the CCI, five control levels for VOC species were further established. The VOC species in Level I and Level II, which contain species such as naphthalene, 2-chlorotoluene, benzene, acrolein, and chloroform, should be considered as extremely important priority control species. These results serve as a reference for the development of precise control strategies for VOCs in industrial parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation & Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing, Chongqing Research Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Southwest Branch of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation & Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing, Chongqing Research Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Southwest Branch of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation & Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing, Chongqing Research Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Southwest Branch of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Sidi Zhang
- Guangdong Sino-co-flourish Environmental Protection Technology Co, Ltd, Guangdong 510200·China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation & Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing, Chongqing Research Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Southwest Branch of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Pingjiang Lv
- Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation & Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing, Chongqing Research Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Southwest Branch of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation & Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing, Chongqing Research Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Southwest Branch of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation & Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing, Chongqing Research Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Southwest Branch of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yunhuai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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117
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Yao Y, Wang W, Ma K, Tan H, Zhang Y, Fang F, He C. Transmission paths and source areas of near-surface ozone pollution in the Yangtze River delta region, China from 2015 to 2021. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117105. [PMID: 36610191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Near-ground ozone in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region has become one of the main air pollutants that threaten the health of residents. However, to date, the transport behavior and source areas of ozone in the YRD region have not been systematically analyzed. In this study, by combining the ozone observational record with a HYSPLIT (hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory) model, we tried to reveal the spatiotemporal regularity of the airflow transport trajectory of ozone. Spatially, high ozone concentrations mainly clustered in industrial cities and resource-based cities. Temporally, the center of the ozone pollution shifted westward of Nanjing from 2015 to 2021. With the passage of time, the influence of meteorological elements on the ozone concentration in the YRD region gradually weakened. Marine atmosphere had the most significant impact on the transmission path of ozone in Shanghai, of which the trajectory frequency in 2021 accounted for 64.21% of the total frequency. The transmission trajectory of ozone in summer was different from that in other seasons, and its transmission trajectory was mainly composed of four medium-distance transmission paths: North China-Bohai Sea, East China Sea-West Pacific Ocean, Philippine Sea, and South China Sea-South China. The contribution source areas mainly shifted to the southeast, and the emission of pollutants from the Shandong Peninsula, the Korean Peninsula-Japan, and the Philippine Sea-Taiwan area increased the impact of ozone pollution in the Shanghai area from 2019 to 2021. This study identified the regional transport path of ozone in the YRD region and provided a scientific reference for the joint prevention and control of ozone pollution in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youru Yao
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Kang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Huarong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Fengman Fang
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Cheng He
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
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118
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Gao C, Zhang F, Fang D, Wang Q, Liu M. Spatial characteristics of change trends of air pollutants in Chinese urban areas during 2016-2020: The impact of air pollution controls and the COVID-19 pandemic. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 2023; 283:106539. [PMID: 36465231 PMCID: PMC9701570 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a threat to public health in China, and several actions and plans have been implemented by Chinese authorities in recent years to mitigate it. This study examined the spatial distribution of changes in urban air pollutants (UAP) in 336 Chinese cities from 2016 to 2020 and their responses to air pollution controls and the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the harmonic model, decreases in fine particles (PM2.5), inhalable particles (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) levels were found in 90.7%, 91.9%, 75.2%, 94.3%, and 88.7% of cities, respectively, while an increase in ozone (O3) was found in 87.2% of cities. Notable spatial heterogeneity was observed in the air pollution trends. The greatest improvement in air quality occurred mainly in areas with poor air quality, such as Hebei province and its surrounding cities. However, some areas (i.e., Yunnan and Hainan provinces) with good air quality showed a worsening trend. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020), the remarkable effects of PM2.5 and SO2 pollution control plans were confirmed. Additionally, economic growth in 74.2% of the Chinese provinces decoupled from air quality after implementing pollution control measures. In 2020, several Chinese cities were locked down to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Except for SO2, the national air pollution in 2020 improved to a greater extent than that in 2016-2019; In particularly, the contribution of simulated COVID-19 pandemic to NO2 reduction was 66.7%. Overall, air pollution control actions improved urban PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO, whereas NO2 was reduced primarily because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchan Gao
- College of Geography and Tourism, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421000, China
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fengying Zhang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Dekun Fang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, Hebei Province, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, China (Academy of Forensic Science), Shanghai 200063, China
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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119
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Yang L, Hong S, Mu H, Zhou J, He C, Wu Q, Gong X. Ozone exposure and health risks of different age structures in major urban agglomerations in People's Republic of China from 2013 to 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:42152-42164. [PMID: 36645592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High concentration of surface ozone (O3) will cause health risks to people. In order to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of O3 and assess O3 exposure and health risks for different age groups in China, we applied multiple methods including standard deviation ellipse, spatial autocorrelation, and exposure-response functions. Results show that O3 concentrations increased in 64.5% of areas in China from 2013 to 2018. The central plain urban agglomeration (CPU), Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) witnessed the greatest incremental rates of O3 by 16.7%, 14.3%, and 13.1%. Spatially, the trend of O3 shows a significant positive autocorrelation, and high trend values primarily in central and east China. The proportion of the total population exposed to high O3 (above 160 μg/m3) increased annually. Compared to 2013, the proportion of the young, adult, and old populations exposed to high O3 increased to different extents in 2018 by 26.8%, 29.6%, and 27.2%, respectively. The extent of population exposure risk areas in China expanded in size, particularly in north and east China. The total premature respiratory mortalities attributable to long-term O3 exposure in six urban agglomerations were about 177,000 in 2018 which has increased by 16.4% compared to that in 2013. Among different age groups, old people are more vulnerable to O3 pollution, so we need to strengthen their relevant health protection of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Song Hong
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Hang Mu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- Wageningen Institute for Environment and Climate Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 HB, Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands
| | - Chao He
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Gong
- School of Low Carbon Economics, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, 430205, China
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120
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Kou W, Gao Y, Zhang S, Cai W, Geng G, Davis SJ, Wang H, Guo X, Cheng W, Zeng X, Ma M, Wang H, Wang Q, Yao X, Gao H, Wu L. High downward surface solar radiation conducive to ozone pollution more frequent under global warming. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023:S2095-9273(23)00038-5. [PMID: 36725397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Kou
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenju Cai
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography-Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266100, China; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale Victoria 3195, Australia
| | - Guannan Geng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Steven J Davis
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiuwen Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenxuan Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xinran Zeng
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mingchen Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Houwen Wang
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography-Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266100, China
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121
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Yao Y, Ma K, He C, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Fang F, Li S, He H. Urban Surface Ozone Concentration in Mainland China during 2015-2020: Spatial Clustering and Temporal Dynamics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3810. [PMID: 36900822 PMCID: PMC10001023 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urban ozone (O3) pollution in the atmosphere has become increasingly prominent on a national scale in mainland China, although the atmospheric particulate matter pollution has been significantly reduced in recent years. The clustering and dynamic variation characteristics of the O3 concentrations in cities across the country, however, have not been accurately explored at relevant spatiotemporal scales. In this study, a standard deviational ellipse analysis and multiscale geographically weighted regression models were applied to explore the migration process and influencing factors of O3 pollution based on measured data from urban monitoring sites in mainland China. The results suggested that the urban O3 concentration in mainland China reached its peak in 2018, and the annual O3 concentration reached 157 ± 27 μg/m3 from 2015 to 2020. On the scale of the whole Chinese mainland, the distribution of O3 exhibited spatial dependence and aggregation. On the regional scale, the areas of high O3 concentrations were mainly concentrated in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, and other regions. In addition, the standard deviation ellipse of the urban O3 concentration covered the entire eastern part of mainland China. Overall, the geographic center of ozone pollution has a tendency to move to the south with the time variation. The interaction between sunshine hours and other factors (precipitation, NO2, DEM, SO2, PM2.5) significantly affected the variation of urban O3 concentration. In Southwest China, Northwest China, and Central China, the suppression effect of vegetation on local O3 was more obvious than that in other regions. Therefore, this study clarified for the first time the migration path of the gravity center of the urban O3 pollution and identified the key areas for the prevention and control of O3 pollution in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youru Yao
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Kang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Cheng He
- Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yuesheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Fengman Fang
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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122
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Zhang X, Xu W, Zhang G, Lin W, Zhao H, Ren S, Zhou G, Chen J, Xu X. First long-term surface ozone variations at an agricultural site in the North China Plain: Evolution under changing meteorology and emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160520. [PMID: 36442628 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Significant upward trends in surface ozone (O3) have been widely reported in China during recent years, especially during warm seasons in the North China Plain (NCP), exerting adverse environmental effects on human health and agriculture. Quantifying long-term O3 variations and their attributions helps to understand the causes of regional O3 pollution and to formulate according control strategy. In this study, we present long-term trends of O3 in the warm seasons (April-September) during 2006-2019 at an agricultural site in the NCP and investigate the relative contributions of meteorological and anthropogenic factors. Overall, the maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O3 exhibited a weak decreasing trend with large interannual variability. < 6 % of the observed trend could be explained by changes in meteorological conditions, while the remaining 94 % was attributed to anthropogenic impacts. However, the interannual variability of warm season MDA8 O3 was driven by both meteorology (36 ± 28 %) and anthropogenic factors (64 ± 27 %). Daily maximum temperature was the most essential factor affecting O3 variations, followed by ultraviolet radiation b (UVB) and boundary layer height (BLH), with rising temperature trends inducing O3 inclines throughout April to August, while UVB mainly influenced O3 during summer months. Under changes in emissions and air quality, warm season O3 production regime gradually shifted from dominantly VOCs-limited during 2006-2015 to NOx-limited afterwards. Relatively steady HCHO and remarkably rising NOx levels resulted in the fast decreasing MDA8 O3 (-2.87 ppb yr-1) during 2006-2012. Rapidly decreasing NOx, flat or slightly increasing HCHO promoted O3 increases during 2012-2015 (9.76 ppb yr-1). While afterwards, slow increases in HCHO and downwards fluctuating NOx led to decreases in MDA8 O3 (-4.97 ppb yr-1). Additionally, continuous warming trends might promote natural emissions of O3 precursors and magnify their impacts on agricultural O3 by inducing high variability, which would require even more anthropogenic reduction to compensate for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wanyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Gen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weili Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huarong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Institute of Agricultural Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sanxue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Institute of Agricultural Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Institute of Agricultural Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Hebei Gucheng Agricultural Meteorology National Observation and Research Station, Baoding 072656, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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123
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Fan S, Li Y. Potential deterioration of ozone pollution in coastal areas caused by marine-emitted halogens: A case study in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160456. [PMID: 36436642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is one of the most important air pollutants worldwide in terms of its great damage to human health and agriculture. Previous studies show that marine-emitted halogens significantly influence O3 concentrations, mainly through the consumption of O3 by bromine and iodine atoms. In this study, we investigate the temporal variation at finer time scales (daily and hourly) than previous studies (annual or monthly) to better characterize the influence of marine-emitted halogens on coastal O3. In contrast to previous studies that mainly reported a decrease in O3, our results show significant temporal variations in halogen-induced O3 changes. More specifically, the halogen-induced decrease in coastal O3 in southern China is concentrated on clean days, while an unexpected increase in some regions of up to >10 ppbv could occur on polluted days. On polluted days, the activation of particulate chloride (Cl-) in sea salt aerosol (SSA) is effective due to the high level of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) that is formed from the reactions of O3 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). In addition, the wind fields are unfavorable for the transport of marine air masses with large O3 depletion inland. These two factors together result in the increase in hourly and MDA8 O3 on polluted days in some regions in the GBA. The locations of O3 increases are controlled by the distribution of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) at sunrise, which is influenced by O3 and NO2 during the previous night. As a result, the increase in O3 is a continuation of the O3 pollution from the previous day, and the whole area is under potential threat of this worsening pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Fan
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Center for the Oceanic and Atmospheric Science at SUSTech (COAST), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Center for the Oceanic and Atmospheric Science at SUSTech (COAST), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
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124
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He RR. Quantifying the weekly cycle effect of air pollution in cities of China. STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT : RESEARCH JOURNAL 2023; 37:1-13. [PMID: 36846728 PMCID: PMC9939030 DOI: 10.1007/s00477-023-02399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The weekend effect, i.e., the concentration of air pollutants is different from weekends to weekdays, has been explored since the 1970 s. In most studies, the weekend effect is referred to the change of O3 , i.e., lower emission of NOx on weekends leads to a higher concentration of O3 . Determining whether it is true can provide insight into the strategy of air pollution controlling. In this study, we explore the weekly cycle of cities of China based on the weekly cycle anomaly (WCA), which is proposed in this paper. The advantage of using WCA is that we can avoid the influence of other change components such as the daily cycle and the seasonal cycle. The p values of the significant tests from all cities are analyzed for obtaining a whole picture of the weekly cycle of air pollution. The result shows that the concept of the weekend effect is not proper for cities in China, as many cities reach the valley phase of the emission on weekdays but not weekends. Thus, researches should not pre-assume that the weekend is the low emission scenario. We focus on the anomaly of O3 on the peak and the valley of the emission scenario estimated by the NO2 concentration. Through the analysis of the distribution of the p values of all cities, we show that almost all cities in China have weekly cycle of O3 corresponding to the weekly cycle emission of NOx , i.e., O3 of the peak time of NO2 is less than valley time. The cities of the strong weekly cycle are located in four regions, i.e., the Beijing-Tianjing-Hebei region, the Shandong Peninsula Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta, and these regions are also the regions with relatively severe pollution levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran He
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, 233030 Anhui China
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125
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Dong Z, Wang S, Jiang Y, Xing J, Ding D, Zheng H, Hao J. An acid rain-friendly NH 3 control strategy to maximize benefits toward human health and nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160116. [PMID: 36379329 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) abatement remains controversial in China owing to its effectiveness in reducing PM2.5 pollution and nitrogen deposition but with the potential risk of promoting acid rain formation, necessitating scientific guidance. Here, we propose a novel method for designing an NH3 control strategy to mitigate both air pollution and nitrogen deposition without significantly exacerbating acid rain. This method involves extending the response surface model (RSM) to deposition using a delicately developed polynomial response function of deposition (i.e., dep-RSM). The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) dep-RSM application reveals that 16 out of 41 cities have NH3 control potentials from 15 % to 71 %. Excellent NH3 control potentials have been noted between April and June (78 %-92 %). From 2013 to 2017, the effective SO2 and NOx control significantly reduced wet sulfur and oxidized nitrogen deposition, providing considerable NH3 abatement potentials (15 %-24 %) to further reduce PM2.5 and nitrogen deposition by up to 2 % and 9 %, respectively, without acid rain exacerbation (the wet neutralization factor was maintained). Additionally, 57 % and 73 % NH3 emission reduction potentials were obtained under acid rain constraints with 75 % and 86 % reductions in the other precursors to reduce the average PM2.5 concentration below 25 and 15 μg/m3, and an additional 8408 and 14,459 premature deaths could only be avoided at an extra cost of 8.7 and 19.7 billion CNY, respectively. Meanwhile, the N deposition considerably reduced by 10 and 13 kgN/ha·yr. However, the YRD region could still simultaneously obtain substantial amounts of PM2.5 and N deposition mitigation using the strategy proposed herein. The expanded optimization system can be directly adopted by policymakers to implement coordinated control in regions or countries facing the same NH3 control conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Dong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Dian Ding
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Haotian Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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Jia C, Tong S, Zhang X, Li F, Zhang W, Li W, Wang Z, Zhang G, Tang G, Liu Z, Ge M. Atmospheric oxidizing capacity in autumn Beijing: Analysis of the O 3 and PM 2.5 episodes based on observation-based model. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:557-569. [PMID: 36182163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric oxidizing capacity (AOC) is the fundamental driving factors of chemistry process (e.g., the formation of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA)) in the troposphere. However, accurate quantification of AOC still remains uncertainty. In this study, a comprehensive field campaign was conducted during autumn 2019 in downtown of Beijing, where O3 and PM2.5 episodes had been experienced successively. The observation-based model (OBM) is used to quantify the AOC at O3 and PM2.5 episodes. The strong intensity of AOC is found at O3 and PM2.5 episodes, and hydroxyl radical (OH) is the dominating daytime oxidant for both episodes. The photolysis of O3 is main source of OH at O3 episode; the photolysis of nitrous acid (HONO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) plays important role in OH formation at PM2.5 episode. The radicals loss routines vary according to precursor pollutants, resulting in different types of air pollution. O3 budgets and sensitivity analysis indicates that O3 production is transition regime (both VOC and NOx-limited) at O3 episode. The heterogeneous reaction of hydroperoxy radicals (HO2) on aerosol surfaces has significant influence on OH and O3 production rates. The HO2 uptake coefficient (γHO2) is the determining factor and required accurate measurement in real atmospheric environment. Our findings could provide the important bases for coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shengrui Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xinran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weiran Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guiqian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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127
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Liu C, Liang J, Li Y, Shi K. Fractal analysis of impact of PM 2.5 on surface O 3 sensitivity regime based on field observations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160136. [PMID: 36375545 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Properties of PM2.5 that can change aerosol chemistry and photolysis rates have great impacts on O3 sensitivity regime, further affecting the production rate of surface O3. However, responses of O3 sensitivity regime to changes in PM2.5 levels are difficult to be accurately determined, due to the complexity and nonlinearity of atmospheric chemistry. Here, based on long-term time series (2016-2020) of air quality variables in north and south Taiwan, fractal analysis along with Pearson correlation analysis are used to directly reveal the impacts of PM2.5 on O3 sensitivity regime in real atmosphere, by capturing the nonlinear dynamic relations among air pollutants. Great regional and seasonal difference in impacts of PM2.5 on O3 sensitivity regime may be ascribed to meteorological factors, PM2.5 components and levels of SO2, NO, NO2, etc. For north Taiwan, increased PM2.5 level can enhance the sensitivity of O3 formation to VOC in spring and summer, whereas the opposite effect can be observed in winter. But for south Taiwan, the influence of PM2.5 on O3 sensitivity regime is not statistically significant, excluding spring. Furthermore, feasibility and availability of fractal analysis is tested by simulations with Empirical Kinetics Modeling Approach (EKMA). The results demonstrate the capability of fractal analysis to identify the impacts of PM2.5 on O3 sensitivity regime in real atmosphere, which can provide suggestions for PM2.5-O3 coordinated control strategies in regions suffering combined air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiong Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Nanchong City of Ecological Environment Protection and Pollution Prevention in Jialing River Basin, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China; College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Liang
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youping Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Nanchong City of Ecological Environment Protection and Pollution Prevention in Jialing River Basin, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Nanchong City of Ecological Environment Protection and Pollution Prevention in Jialing River Basin, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China.
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128
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Sekar A, Jasna RS, Binoy BV, Mohan P, Kuttiparichel Varghese G. Air quality change and public perception during the COVID-19 lockdown in India. GONDWANA RESEARCH : INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE JOURNAL 2023; 114:15-29. [PMID: 35529076 PMCID: PMC9065608 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at analyzing the change in air quality following the COVID-19 lockdown in India and its perception by the general public. Air quality data for 100 days recorded at 193 stations throughout India were analyzed between 25th March to 17th May 2020. A nationwide online survey was conducted to obtain public perceptions of air quality improvement (n = 1750). On average, approximately 40% improvement in the air quality index was observed, contributed by a reduction in 40% of PM10, 44% of PM2.5, 51% of NO2 and 21% of SO2. There was a significant difference between the levels of all the pollutants before and after the lockdown (p < 0.05), except ozone. The correlation between PM10 and PM2.5 with ozone was significant after the lockdown period, indicating that a significant portion of the particulates present in the atmosphere after the lockdown period is secondary. The values of PM2.5/PM10 were found to be >0.5 in North East states and this observation points to the long-distance transport of PM2.5 from other places. The survey for public perception showed that 60% of the respondents perceived improvement in air quality. Household emissions were perceived to be a significant source of pollution after the lockdown. An odds ratio (OR) of 17 (95%, CI: 6.42, 47.04) indicated a very high dependence of perception on actual air quality. OR between air quality and health improvement was 5.2 (95%, CI: 2.69, 10.01), indicating significant health improvement due to air quality improvement. Google Trends analysis showed that media did not influence shaping the perception. There was a significant improvement in the actual and perceived air quality in India after the COVID-19-induced lockdown. PM10 levels had the most decisive influence in shaping public perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Sekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Lab, National Institute of Technology Calicut, 673601, India
| | - R S Jasna
- Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Lab, National Institute of Technology Calicut, 673601, India
| | - B V Binoy
- Department of Architecture and Planning, National Institute of Technology Calicut, 673601, India
| | - Prem Mohan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Lab, National Institute of Technology Calicut, 673601, India
| | - George Kuttiparichel Varghese
- Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Lab, National Institute of Technology Calicut, 673601, India
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129
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Peng Y, Wang H, Wang Q, Jing S, An J, Gao Y, Huang C, Yan R, Dai H, Cheng T, Zhang Q, Li M, Hu J, Shi Z, Li L, Lou S, Tao S, Hu Q, Lu J, Chen C. Observation-based sources evolution of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in a megacity of China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:794-805. [PMID: 36182184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been decreasing due to implement of control measures in China, in contrast to the fact that an increase in emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) has been reported. This study employed seven years continuous NMHCs measurements and the related activities data of Shanghai, a megacity in China, to explore evolution of emissions and effectiveness of air pollution control measures. The mixing ratio of NMHCs showed no statistical interannual changes, of which their compositions exhibited marked changes. This resulted in a decreasing trend of ozone formation potential by 3.8%/year (p < 0.05, the same below), which should be beneficial to ozone pollution mitigation as its production in Shanghai is in the NMHCs-limited regime. Observed alkanes, aromatics and acetylene changed by +3.7%/year, -5.9%/year and -7.4%/year, respectively, and alkenes showed no apparent trend. NMHCs sources were apportioned by a positive matrix factorization model. Accordingly, vehicular emissions (-5.9%/year) and petrochemical industry emissions (-7.1%/year) decreased significantly, but the decrease slowed down; significant reduction in solvent usage (-9.0%/year) appeared after 2010; however, emissions of natural gas (+12.6%/year) and fuel evaporation (with an increasing fraction) became more important. The inconsistency between observations and inventories was found in interannual trend and speciation as well as source contributions, emphasizing the need for further validation in NMHCs emission inventory. Our study confirms the effectiveness of measures targeting mobile and centralized emissions from industrial sources and reveals a need focusing on fugitive emissions, which provided new insights into future air policies in polluted region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Peng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shengao Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jingyu An
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yaqin Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Rusha Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haixia Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Tiantao Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Big Data Institute for Carbon Emission and Environmental Pollution, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Li Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shikang Tao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qinyao Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jun Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Changhong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
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130
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Shen Y, Jiang F, Feng S, Xia Z, Zheng Y, Lyu X, Zhang L, Lou C. Increased diurnal difference of NO 2 concentrations and its impact on recent ozone pollution in eastern China in summer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159767. [PMID: 36341852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a key tropospheric O3 precursor. Since 2013, efforts to decrease air pollution in China have driven substantial declines in annual NO2 concentrations, whereas ozone (O3) concentrations have increased. Based on nationwide NO2 observations and a regional air quality model (WRF-CMAQ), we analyzed trends in the diurnal difference (DD, the difference between nighttime and daytime concentrations) of NO2 concentrations across eastern China and in five national urban agglomerations (UAs) from 2014 to 2021, and explored the factors underlying such changes and the potential impacts on O3 pollution. We found that the observed DD of NO2 has increased in most cities and UAs, and that this trend can be primarily attributed to changes in anthropogenic emissions, based on comparison with DDs simulated with fixed anthropogenic emissions, which generally showed much weaker trends and little interannual variation. A sensitivity analysis using the WRF-CMAQ model was conducted to investigate the impact of a modified diurnal cycle of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions on O3 concentrations. The result revealed that enhancing the DD of NO2 would increase O3 concentrations in the morning and the daily maximum 8-h O3 concentrations in the cities with high NOx concentrations, as well as downwind areas of cities, indicating that greater DDs in NO2 is one of the reasons that have led to the enhanced China's O3 pollution in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shuzhuang Feng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng Xia
- Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaopu Lyu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - LingYu Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chenxi Lou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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131
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Xu T, Zhang C, Liu C, Hu Q. Variability of PM 2.5 and O 3 concentrations and their driving forces over Chinese megacities during 2018-2020. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:1-10. [PMID: 36182119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, air pollution especially fine particulate matters (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) has become a severe issue in China. In this study, we first characterized the temporal trends of PM2.5 and O3 for Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Wuhan respectively during 2018-2020. The annual mean PM2.5 has decreased by 7.82%-33.92%, while O3 concentration showed insignificant variations by -6.77%-4.65% during 2018-2020. The generalized additive models (GAMs) were implemented to quantify the contribution of individual meteorological factors and their gas precursors on PM2.5 and O3. On a short-term perspective, GAMs modeling shows that the daily variability of PM2.5 concentration is largely related to the variation of precursor gases (R = 0.67-0.90), while meteorological conditions mainly affect the daily variability of O3 concentration (R = 0.65-0.80) during 2018-2020. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on PM2.5 and O3 concentrations were also quantified by using GAMs. During the 2020 lockdown, PM2.5 decreased significantly for these megacities, yet the ozone concentration showed an increasing trend compared to 2019. The GAMs analysis indicated that the contribution of precursor gases to PM2.5 and O3 changes is 3-8 times higher than that of meteorological factors. In general, GAMs modeling on air quality is helpful to the understanding and control of PM2.5 and O3 pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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132
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Bui LT, Nguyen PH. Ground-level ozone in the Mekong Delta region: precursors, meteorological factors, and regional transport. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:23691-23713. [PMID: 36323970 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Mekong Delta region (MDR), also known as Vietnam's rice bowl, produced a bountiful harvest of about 23.8 million tons in 2020, accounting for 55.7% of the country's total production, providing food security for 20% of the world population. With the rapid pace of industrialisation and urbanisation, the concentration of ozone in the lower atmosphere has risen to a level that reduces crop yields, especially rice, and is therefore the subject of research. This study aims to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of ground-level ozone in the area and evaluate the impact of precursor emissions and meteorological factors on the spatiotemporal distributions of ozone concentrations. The study area was divided into seven zones, including six agro-ecological zones (AEZs) and one low-mountainous area, mainly to clarify the role of emissions in each AEZ. The simulation results showed that ground-level O3 in the MDR ranged from 40.39 to 52.13 µg/m3. In six agro-ecological zones, the average annual ground-level O3 concentration was relatively high and was the highest in zone 6 (CPZ) and zone 3 (LXZ) with values of 96.18 µg/m3 (exceeding 1.60 times the WHO Guidelines 2021) and 94.86 µg/m3 (exceeding 1.58 times the WHO Guidelines 2021), respectively. In each zone, the annual average O3 concentration tended to gradually increase from the inner delta to coastal areas. Two types of precursors, NOx and NMVOCs, are the main contributors to O3 pollution, with the largest contribution coming from zone 1 (FAZ) with 91.5 thousand tons of NOx/year and 455.2 thousand tons of NMVOCs/year. Among the meteorological factors considered, temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and surface pressure (P) were the three main factors that contributed to the increase in ground-level ozone. The spatio-temporal distribution of ground-level O3 in the MDR was influenced by emission precursors from different zones as well as meteorological factors. The present results can help policy-makers formulate plans for agro-industrial development in the entire region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ta Bui
- Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Phong Hoang Nguyen
- Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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133
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Sicard P, Agathokleous E, Anenberg SC, De Marco A, Paoletti E, Calatayud V. Trends in urban air pollution over the last two decades: A global perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160064. [PMID: 36356738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3), fine particles (PM2.5), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the most harmful urban air pollutants regarding human health effects. Here, we aimed at assessing trends in concurrent exposure of global urban population to O3, PM2.5, and NO2 between 2000 and 2019. PM2.5, NO2, and O3 mean concentrations and summertime mean of the daily maximum 8-h values (O3 MDA8) were analyzed (Mann-Kendall test) using data from a global reanalysis, covering 13,160 urban areas, and a ground-based monitoring network (Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report), collating surface O3 observations at nearly 10,000 stations worldwide. At global scale, PM2.5 exposures declined slightly from 2000 to 2019 (on average, - 0.2 % year-1), with 65 % of cities showing rising levels. Improvements were observed in the Eastern US, Europe, Southeast China, and Japan, while the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia experienced increases. The annual NO2 mean concentrations increased globally at 71 % of cities (on average, +0.4 % year-1), with improvements in North America and Europe, and increases in exposures in sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, and South Asia regions, in line with socioeconomic development. Global exposure of urban population to O3 increased (on average, +0.8 % year-1 at 89 % of stations), due to lower O3 titration by NO. The summertime O3 MDA8 rose at 74 % of cities worldwide (on average, +0.6 % year-1), while a decline was observed in North America, Northern Europe, and Southeast China, due to the reduction in precursor emissions. The highest O3 MDA8 increases (>3 % year-1) occurred in Equatorial Africa, South Korea, and India. To reach air quality standards and mitigate outdoor air pollution effects, actions are urgently needed at all governance levels. More air quality monitors should be installed in cities, particularly in Africa, for improving risk and exposure assessments, concurrently with implementation of effective emission control policies that will consider regional socioeconomic imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan C Anenberg
- George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, United States
| | | | | | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, Parque Tecnológico, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, Paterna, Spain
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134
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Zhang X, Maji KJ, Wang Z, Yang FF, Wang G, Cheng C. Associations between Different Ozone Indicators and Cardiovascular Hospital Admission: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Analysis in Guangzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032056. [PMID: 36767423 PMCID: PMC9916254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies reported that ozone (O3) is associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, only few of these studies examined the impact of multiple O3 indicators on cardiovascular hospital admissions. This study aimed to explore and compare the impacts of different O3 indicators on cardiovascular hospital admissions in Guangzhou, China. Based upon the data on daily cardiovascular hospital admissions, air pollution, and meteorological factors in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2018, a time-stratified case-crossover design model was used to analyze the associations between different O3 indicators and cardiovascular hospital admissions. Moreover, the sensitivities of different age and gender groups were analyzed for the whole year and different seasons (i.e., warm and cold). During the warm season, for the single-pollutant model, the odds ratio (OR) value of cardiovascular hospital admissions was 1.0067 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0037, 1.0098) for every IQR increase in MDA8 O3 at a lag of five days. The effect of O3 on people over 60 year was stronger than that on the 15-60 years age group. Females were more sensitive than males to O3 exposure. These results provided valuable references for further scientific research and environmental improvement in Guangzhou. Given that short-term O3 exposure poses a threat to human health, the government should therefore pay attention to prevention and control policies to reduce and eliminate O3 pollution and protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Kamal Jyoti Maji
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Zhuoqing Wang
- Department of Scientific Research & Discipline Development, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fiona Fan Yang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changxiu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence:
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135
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Zhang Z, Zhu W, Hu M, Wang H, Tang L, Hu S, Shen R, Yu Y, Song K, Tan R, Chen Z, Chen S, Canonaco F, Prévôt ASH, Guo S. Secondary organic aerosol formation in China from urban-lifestyle sources: Vehicle exhaust and cooking emission. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159340. [PMID: 36228803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of people tend to live in cities, where they suffer from serious air pollution from anthropogenic sources. Vehicle exhaust and cooking emission are closely related to daily life of urban residents, and could be defined as "urban-lifestyle sources". The primary emissions of urban-lifestyle sources tend to form abundant secondary organic aerosols (SOA) through complicated atmospheric chemistry processes. The newly formed SOA is a kind of complex mixture and causes considerable health effects with high uncertainty. Most studies focus on formation pathway, mass growth potential and chemical feature of urban-lifestyle SOA under simple laboratory conditions. Few studies have measured the urban-lifestyle SOA in ambient air, let alone verified laboratory findings under complicated atmospheric conditions. In this work, we established a new method that combined laboratory simulation and field observation, which quantified the urban-lifestyle SOA with high time resolution under the real atmospheric condition. The complex SOA was measured and resolved by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). The multilinear engine model (ME-2) and multilinear correction methods were used to apply laboratory results into ambient SOA apportionment. It was found that the vehicle source dominated the SOA formation during the diurnal photochemical process, and the SOA:POA ratio of vehicle source was about 1.4 times larger than that of cooking source. The vehicle emission may undergo an alcohol/peroxide & carboxylic acid oxidation pathway and form higher oxidized SOA, while the cooking emission may undergo an alcohol/peroxide oxidation pathway and form relatively lower oxidized SOA. The vehicle SOA and cooking SOA contributed 45.6 % and 24.8 % of OA during a local episode in 2021 winter of downtown Beijing. Our findings could not only provide a new way to quantify urban SOA but also demonstrate some laboratory hypotheses, conducing to understand its ambient contributions, chemical features, and environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lizi Tang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuya Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruizhe Shen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Francesco Canonaco
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland; Datalystica Ltd., Park innovAARE, 5234 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andre S H Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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136
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Xuan H, Zhao Y, Ma Q, Chen T, Liu J, Wang Y, Liu C, Wang Y, Liu Y, Mu Y, He H. Formation mechanisms and atmospheric implications of summertime nitrous acid (HONO) during clean, ozone pollution and double high-level PM 2.5 and O 3 pollution periods in Beijing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159538. [PMID: 36270355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) is a key precursor of the hydroxyl radicals (OH) and has a significant impact on air quality. Nowadays, the source of HONO is still controversial due to its complex formation mechanisms, which is widely explored in extensive field and laboratory studies. In this study, the pollution characteristics and source contribution of HONO under different air quality conditions in summer in Beijing were analyzed. The observation periods were classified as three typical periods: clean, ozone pollution, and double high pollution (co-occurrence of high PM2.5 and O3 concentrations). The average concentrations of observed HONO were 0.38 ± 0.35 ppb, 0.21 ± 0.18 ppb, 0.26 ± 0.20 ppb and 0.54 ± 0.45 ppb during the whole, clean, ozone and double high periods, respectively. The elevated HONO levels at night were attributed to vehicle emissions and the RH-dependent heterogeneous conversion of NO2 to HONO. The average emission ratio (HONO/NOx) was 0.85 % ± 0.38 %, and the mean value of calculated nocturnal NO2 to HONO conversion frequency was 0.0076 ± 0.0031 h-1. Based on daytime HONO budget analysis, the largest potential source of HONO was the homogeneous reaction of NO and OH (0.33 and 0.34 ppb h-1), followed by the unknown source (0.11 and 0.21 ppb h-1) during clean and ozone periods, while the unknown source (0.49 ppb h-1) played the predominant role during double high period. The unknown sources of HONO could be attributed to the photo-enhanced heterogeneous conversion of NO2 and the photolysis of particulate nitrate. Furthermore, the photolysis of ozone (0.17, 0.34 and 0.44 ppb h-1) was the major contributor to primary OH during three typical periods. HONO photolysis contributed considerable amounts of primary OH (0.32 ppb h-1) during double high period. These results are helpful to further understand the linkage between HONO and air quality variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Xuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yafei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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137
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Pan W, Gong S, Lu K, Zhang L, Xie S, Liu Y, Ke H, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Multi-scale analysis of the impacts of meteorology and emissions on PM 2.5 and O 3 trends at various regions in China from 2013 to 2020 3. Mechanism assessment of O 3 trends by a model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159592. [PMID: 36272478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A multiscale analysis of meteorological trends was carried out to investigate the impacts of the large-scale circulation types as well as the local-scale key weather elements on the complex air pollutants, i.e., PM2.5 and O3 in China. Following accompanying papers on synoptic circulation impact and key weather elements and emission contributions (Gong et al., 2022a; Gong et al., 2022b), an emission-driven Observation-based Box Model (e-OBM) was developed to study the impact mechanisms on O3 trend and quantitatively assess the effects of variation in the emissions control over 2013-2020 for Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou and Shanghai. Compared with the original OBM, the e-OBM not only improves the performance to simulate the hourly O3 peak concentration in daytime, but also reasonably reproduces the maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) O3 concentrations in the four cities. Based upon the sensitivity experiments, it is found that the meteorology is the dominant driver for the MDA8 O3 trend, contributing from about 32 % to 139 % to the variations. From the mechanistic point of view, the variations of meteorology lead to the enhancement of atmospheric oxidation capacity and the acceleration of O3 production. Further evaluation to the emission changes in four cities shows that the O3-precursors relationships of the four cities have been changed from the VOC-limited regime in 2013 to the transition regime or near-transition regime in 2020. Though the NOx/VOCs ratios have been obviously decreased, the emission reductions up to 2020 were still not enough to mitigate O3 pollution in these cities. It is emphasized in this study that the strengthened control measures with maintaining a certain ratio of NOx and VOCs should be implemented to further curb the increasing trend of O3 in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sunling Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao.
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaodong Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Safety, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Huabing Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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138
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Liu P, Xue C, Ye C, Liu C, Zhang C, Wang J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Mu Y. The Lack of HONO Measurement May Affect the Accurate Diagnosis of Ozone Production Sensitivity. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2023; 3:18-23. [PMID: 37101842 PMCID: PMC10125324 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, deteriorating ozone (O3) pollution in China brought the precise diagnosis of O3 sensitive chemistry to the forefront. As a dominant precursor of OH radicals, atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) plays an important role in O3 production. However, its measurement unavailability in many regions especially for second- and third-tier cities may lead to the misjudgment of the O3 sensitivity regime derived from observation-based models. Here, we systematically assess the potential impact of HONO on diagnosing the sensitivity of O3 production using a 0-dimension box model based on a comprehensive summer urban field campaign. The results indicated that the default mode (only the NO + OH reaction is included) in the model could underestimate ∼87% of observed HONO levels, leading to an obvious decrease (∼19%) of net O3 production in the morning, which was in line with the previous studies. The unconstrained HONO in the model was found to significantly push O3 production toward the VOC-sensitive regime. Additionally, it is unrealistic to change NO x but constrain HONO in the model due to the dependence of HONO formation on NO x . Assuming that HONO varied proportionally with NO x , a stronger NO x -sensitive condition could be achieved. Therefore, effective reduction of NO x should be given more attention together with VOC emission control for O3 mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing100085, China
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing100085, China
| | - Can Ye
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing100085, China
| | - Chengtang Liu
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing100085, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing100085, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing100049, China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- Resources
and Environment Innovation Research Institute, School of Municipal
and Environmental Engineering, Shandong
Jianzhu University, Ji’nan250101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing100085, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing100049, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing100085, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing100049, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing100085, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing100049, China
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139
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Casallas A, Castillo-Camacho MP, Sanchez ER, González Y, Celis N, Mendez-Espinosa JF, Belalcazar LC, Ferro C. Surface, satellite ozone variations in Northern South America during low anthropogenic emission conditions: a machine learning approach. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2023; 16:745-764. [PMID: 36687138 PMCID: PMC9839215 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-023-01303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED 2020 presented the ideal conditions for studying the air quality response to several emission reductions due to the COVID-19 lockdowns. Numerous studies found that the tropospheric ozone increased even in lockdown conditions, but its reasons are not entirely understood. This research aims to better understand the ozone variations in Northern South America. Satellite and reanalysis data were used to analyze regional ozone variations. An analysis of two of the most polluted Colombian cities was performed by quantifying the changes of ozone and its precursors and by doing a machine learning decomposition to disentangle the contributions that precursors and meteorology made to form O3. The results indicated that regional ozone increased in most areas, especially where wildfires are present. Meteorology is associated with favorable conditions to promote wildfires in Colombia and Venezuela. Regarding the local analysis, the machine learning ensemble shows that the decreased titration process associated with the NO plummeting owing to mobility reduction is the main contributor to the O3 increase (≈50%). These tools lead to conclude that (i) the increase in O3 produced by the reduction of the titration process that would be associated with an improvement in mobile sources technology has to be considered in the new air quality policies, (ii) a boost in international cooperation is essential to control wildfires since an event that occurs in one country can affect others and (iii) a machine learning decomposition approach coupled with sensitivity experiments can help us explain and understand the physicochemical mechanism that drives ozone formation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11869-023-01303-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Casallas
- Earth System Physics, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
- Escuela de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Edwin Ricardo Sanchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yuri González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Celis
- Università degli Studi di Padova. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Padua, Italy
| | - Juan Felipe Mendez-Espinosa
- Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente – ECAPMA, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia – UNAD, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Carlos Belalcazar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo Ferro
- Escuela de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Bogotá, Colombia
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140
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Guo J, Zhang X, Gao Y, Wang Z, Zhang M, Xue W, Herrmann H, Brasseur GP, Wang T, Wang Z. Evolution of Ozone Pollution in China: What Track Will It Follow? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:109-117. [PMID: 36577015 PMCID: PMC9835882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing surface ozone (O3) concentrations has emerged as a key air pollution problem in many urban regions worldwide in the last decade. A longstanding major issue in tackling ozone pollution is the identification of the O3 formation regime and its sensitivity to precursor emissions. In this work, we propose a new transformed empirical kinetic modeling approach (EKMA) to diagnose the O3 formation regime using regulatory O3 and NO2 observation datasets, which are easily accessible. We demonstrate that mapping of monitored O3 and NO2 data on the modeled regional O3-NO2 relationship diagram can illustrate the ozone formation regime and historical evolution of O3 precursors of the region. By applying this new approach, we show that for most urban regions of China, the O3 formation is currently associated with a volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited regime, which is located within the zone of daytime-produced O3 (DPO3) to an 8h-NO2 concentration ratio below 8.3 ([DPO3]/[8h-NO2] ≤ 8.3). The ozone production and controlling effects of VOCs and NOx in different cities of China were compared according to their historical O3-NO2 evolution routes. The approach developed herein may have broad application potential for evaluating the efficiency of precursor controls and further mitigating O3 pollution, in particular, for regions where comprehensive photochemical studies are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Gao
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric
Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhangwei Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meigen Zhang
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric
Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenbo Xue
- Center
of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute
for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Guy Pierre Brasseur
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Environmental
Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute for
Meteorology, Hamburg 20146, Germany
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division
of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong
Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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141
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He C, Wu Q, Li B, Liu J, Gong X, Zhang L. Surface ozone pollution in China: Trends, exposure risks, and drivers. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1131753. [PMID: 37026118 PMCID: PMC10071862 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1131753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Within the context of the yearly improvement of particulate matter (PM) pollution in Chinese cities, Surface ozone (O3) concentrations are increasing instead of decreasing and are becoming the second most important air pollutant after PM. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of O3 can have adverse effects on human health. In-depth investigation of the spatiotemporal patterns, exposure risks, and drivers of O3 is relevant for assessing the future health burden of O3 pollution and implementing air pollution control policies in China. Methods Based on high-resolution O3 concentration reanalysis data, we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns, population exposure risks, and dominant drivers of O3 pollution in China from 2013 to 2018 utilizing trend analysis methods, spatial clustering models, exposure-response functions, and multi-scale geographically weighted regression models (MGWR). Results The results show that the annual average O3 concentration in China increased significantly at a rate of 1.84 μg/m3/year from 2013 to 2018 (160 μg/m3) in China increased from 1.2% in 2013 to 28.9% in 2018, and over 20,000 people suffered premature death from respiratory diseases attributed to O3 exposure each year. Thus, the sustained increase in O3 concentrations in China is an important factor contributing to the increasing threat to human health. Furthermore, the results of spatial regression models indicate that population, the share of secondary industry in GDP, NOx emissions, temperature, average wind speed, and relative humidity are important determinants of O3 concentration variation and significant spatial differences are observed. Discussion The spatial differences of drivers result in the spatial heterogeneity of O3 concentration and exposure risks in China. Therefore, the O3 control policies adapted to various regions should be formulated in the future O3 regulation process in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Gong
- School of Low Carbon Economics, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Emissions Trading System Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Gong
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Lu Zhang
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142
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Wang R, Bei N, Pan Y, Wu J, Liu S, Li X, Yu J, Jiang Q, Tie X, Li G. Urgency of controlling agricultural nitrogen sources to alleviate summertime air pollution in the North China Plain. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137124. [PMID: 36351470 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural nitrogen sources (ANS) have played an increasingly important role in the air quality since ANS emission controls are much weaker than those for fossil fuel combustion sources due to the increasing food demand. However, ANS emissions are highly uncertain due to stochastic agricultural management activities and limited field measurements, and impacts of ANS on the air quality remain elusive. In the study, the WRF-Chem model has been used to investigate ANS shares in near surface air pollutant concentrations during a growing season in the North China Plain (NCP), with ANS emissions constrained by satellite retrievals. Soil NOX and agricultural NH3 emissions are about 36% and 92% of their total emissions during the growing season. Sensitivity studies demonstrate that ANS count 16.9 μg m-3 (9.9%) of the mean maximum daily average 8-h ozone concentrations (MDA8 [O3]) and 8.9 μg m-3 (31.7%) of fine particulate matter concentrations ([PM2.5]) on average in the NCP. Additionally, the contributions of ANS to MDA8 [O3] and [PM2.5] increase with the deterioration of air pollution in cities. A 50% emission reduction in ANS decreases MDA8 [O3] ([PM2.5]) from 4.2% to 8.4% (from 19.7% to 31.9%) when the air quality changes from being lightly to heavily polluted in terms of MDA8 [O3] (hourly [PM2.5]). Without fossil fuel combustion emissions, the simulated average MDA8 [O3] and [PM2.5] are 111.7 and 8.2 μg m-3 in cities of the NCP, respectively, exceeding the new standards from the World Health Organization. Our study highlights important contributions of ANS to air quality and the urgency of ANS emission abatement for air pollution alleviation during summertime in the NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Naifang Bei
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiaoyang Yu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xuexi Tie
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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143
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Qu L, Chai F, Liu S, Duan J, Meng F, Cheng M. Comprehensive evaluation method of urban air quality statistics based on environmental monitoring data and its application. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:500-509. [PMID: 36522009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Air quality monitoring is effective for timely understanding of the current air quality status of a region or city. Currently, the huge volume of environmental monitoring data, which has reasonable real-time performance, provides strong support for in-depth analysis of air pollution characteristics and causes. However, in the era of big data, to meet current demands for fine management of the atmospheric environment, it is important to explore the characteristics and causes of air pollution from multiple aspects for comprehensive and scientific evaluation of air quality. This study reviewed and summarized air quality evaluation methods on the basis of environmental monitoring data statistics during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and evaluated the level of air pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas (i.e., the "2+26" region) during the period of the three-year action plan to fight air pollution. We suggest that air quality should be comprehensively, deeply, and scientifically evaluated from the aspects of air pollution characteristics, causes, and influences of meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions. It is also suggested that a three-year moving average be introduced as one of the evaluation indexes of long-term change of pollutants. Additionally, both temporal and spatial differences should be considered when removing confounding meteorological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglu Qu
- Atmospheric Environment Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fahe Chai
- Atmospheric Environment Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Atmospheric Environment Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jingchun Duan
- Atmospheric Environment Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fan Meng
- Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, Niigata 950-2144, Japan
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- Atmospheric Environment Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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144
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Gao J, Li Y, Xie Z, Wang L, Hu B, Bao F. Which aerosol type dominate the impact of aerosols on ozone via changing photolysis rates? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158580. [PMID: 36075440 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The impact of aerosols on ozone via influencing photolysis rates is a combined effect of absorbing aerosols (AA) and scattering aerosols (SA). However, AA and SA show different optical properties and influence photolysis rates differently, which then cause different impacts on ozone. Till now, the dominate factor is disconfirmed, which is largely due to the impact of SA on ozone not reaching to a consistent conclusion. In this study, the WRF-Chem model was implemented to simulate the air pollutants over the North China Plain (NCP). The impacts of AA and SA on ozone via influencing photolysis rates were quantitatively isolated and analyzed. Our results also demonstrated the decreasing effect of AA on ozone within planet boundary layer (PBL) which is consistent with the conclusions of previous studies. But for SA, it decreased the ozone chemical contribution (CHEM) near surface but increased which in the upper layers of PBL, that enlarge the ozone vertical gradients. In this case, more vertical exchanges of ozone would occur with the effect of vertical mixing motion of atmosphere, then the opposite CHEM variations were counteracted with each other and finally led to very slight changes in ozone within PBL. Thus, it can be summarized that AA dominate this impact of aerosols on ozone. Reducing AA could cause a general increase in ozone (ΔO3) over the NCP. Based on the aerosol levels of this case, ΔO3 would be seen over 86 % of the areas in the NCP when reducing AA by 3/4 and ΔO3 was more significant in the megacities. Our study highlights the different relationships between ozone and aerosol types, which suggests that more attentions should be paid on aerosol types, especially AA, when making the synergetic control strategy of aerosols and ozone in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Gao
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Center for the Oceanic and Atmospheric Science at SUSTech (COAST), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Center for the Oceanic and Atmospheric Science at SUSTech (COAST), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhouqing Xie
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmosphere Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmosphere Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangwen Bao
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Center for the Oceanic and Atmospheric Science at SUSTech (COAST), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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145
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Dong Z, Xing J, Zhang F, Wang S, Ding D, Wang H, Huang C, Zheng H, Jiang Y, Hao J. Synergetic PM 2.5 and O 3 control strategy for the Yangtze River Delta, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:281-291. [PMID: 36521990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 concentrations have dramatically reduced in key regions of China during the period 2013-2017, while O3 has increased. Hence there is an urgent demand to develop a synergetic regional PM2.5 and O3 control strategy. This study develops an emission-to-concentration response surface model and proposes a synergetic pathway for PM2.5 and O3 control in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) based on the framework of the Air Benefit and Cost and Attainment Assessment System (ABaCAS). Results suggest that the regional emissions of NOx, SO2, NH3, VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and primary PM2.5 should be reduced by 18%, 23%, 14%, 17% and 33% compared with 2017 to achieve 25% and 5% decreases of PM2.5 and O3 in 2025, and that the emission reduction ratios will need to be 50%, 26%, 28%, 28% and 55% to attain the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. To effectively reduce the O3 pollution in the central and eastern YRD, VOCs controls need to be strengthened to reduce O3 by 5%, and then NOx reduction should be accelerated for air quality attainment. Meanwhile, control of primary PM2.5 emissions shall be prioritized to address the severe PM2.5 pollution in the northern YRD. For most cities in the YRD, the VOCs emission reduction ratio should be higher than that for NOx in Spring and Autumn. NOx control should be increased in summer rather than winter when a strong VOC-limited regime occurs. Besides, regarding the emission control of industrial processes, on-road vehicle and residential sources shall be prioritized and the joint control area should be enlarged to include Shandong, Jiangxi and Hubei Province for effective O3 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Dong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fenfen Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Dian Ding
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haotian Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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146
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Wang Y, Yan Y, Lin J, Kong S, Song A, Ma J. Influences of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on summertime ozone pollution over central-eastern China during 1950-2014. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4694-4708. [PMID: 35972655 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Summertime ozone pollution has become increasingly severe over many parts of China in recent years. Due to lack of historical ozone observations, few studies have analyzed the linkage between natural climate variability and ozone levels for a long time series. This study uses the simulation datasets from CMIP6 to explore the effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on summertime (June/July/August) surface ozone concentrations in central-eastern China (CEC; 20°N-42°N, 100°E-123°E) during the period of 1950-2014. Our results show that, after excluding the emission-related trend, the detrended summertime daily mean surface ozone concentrations averaged over CEC in El Niño years (30.69 ppb) are higher than those in La Niña events (29.34 ppb). Compared to the summertime mean ozone of 1950-2014 (30.25 ppb), the maximum anomalies in CMIP6 are 2.88 ppb (9.52% higher) and - 5.52 ppb (18.25% lower) in El Niño and La Niña years, respectively. In addition, the summertime MDA8 ozone of CEC is significantly correlated with the central-eastern equatorial Pacific SST (5°N-5°S, 170°W-120°W) (R = 0.29, P-value = 0.02). Such ozone increases/declines in El Niño/La Niña years are also found in satellite observations of OMI ozone. The results show that the ENSO affects the large-scale circulations over central-eastern China, which regulate the regional atmospheric stability and meteorological conditions (including horizontal wind fields, geopotential height, vertical velocity, surface air temperature, and precipitation) to influence the efficiency of ozone photochemical formation and transport. Our study makes better estimation and attribution of future surface ozone pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexuanzi Wang
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yingying Yan
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jintai Lin
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Aili Song
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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147
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Hu Y, Shi B, Yuan X, Zheng C, Sha Q, Yu Y, Huang Z, Zheng J. VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets based on response surface model: A case study in the Pearl River Delta Region, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:430-445. [PMID: 36522004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Because of the recent growth in ground-level ozone and increased emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), VOC emission control has become a major concern in China. In response, emission caps to control VOC have been stipulated in recent policies, but few of them were constrained by the co-control target of PM2.5 and ozone, and discussed the factor that influence the emission cap formulation. Herein, we proposed a framework for quantification of VOC emission caps constrained by targets for PM2.5 and ozone via a new response surface modeling (RSM) technique, achieving 50% computational cost savings of the quantification. In the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, the VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets varied greatly with the NOx emission reduction level. If control measures in the surrounding areas of the PRD region were not considered, there could be two feasible strategies for VOC emission caps to meet air quality targets (160 µg/m3 for the maximum 8-hr-average 90th-percentile (MDA8-90%) ozone and 25 µg/m3 for the annual average of PM2.5): a moderate VOC emission cap with <20% NOx emission reductions or a notable VOC emission cap with >60% NOx emission reductions. If the ozone concentration target were reduced to 155 µg/m3, deep NOx emission reductions is the only feasible ozone control measure in PRD. Optimization of seasonal VOC emission caps based on the Monte Carlo simulation could allow us to gain higher ozone benefits or greater VOC emission reductions. If VOC emissions were further reduced in autumn, MDA8-90% ozone could be lowered by 0.3-1.5 µg/m3, equaling the ozone benefits of 10% VOC emission reduction measures. The method for VOC emission cap quantification and optimization proposed in this study could provide scientific guidance for coordinated control of regional PM2.5 and O3 pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'nan Hu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Bowen Shi
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Chuanzeng Zheng
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qing'e Sha
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yufan Yu
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Guangzhou 528216, China
| | - Zhijiong Huang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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148
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Li Q, Jiang S, Li Y, Su J, Shangguan J, Zhan M, Wang Y, Su X, Li J, Zhang G. The impact of three related emission industries on regional atmospheric chlorinated paraffins pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120564. [PMID: 36336184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the contributions of various chlorinated paraffins (CPs) sources in the environment plays an important practical role in the prevention and control of the CPs contamination. However, little is known about how main CP-related emission industries affect the regional atmospheric characteristics of CPs, including CP products industry, metal working industry, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) industry. In this study, 60 passive air samples were collected from five typical cities in Henan Province, China, which had serious CP pollution and different structures of CP-related emission industry. Short chain CPs (SCCPs) and medium chain CPs (MCCPs) were detected in all samples in concentrations ranging of 2.6-7.7 × 102 and 2.1-4.3 × 102 ng m-3, respectively, which were higher than those in most reports. Moreover, Luoyang (LY) is different from other cities, showing a relatively severe MCCP contaminations. The CP pollution characteristics between different cities are obviously affected by the proportion of local CP-related industries. According to the results of cluster heatmaps, the local CP-related emission industrial structure had a greater impact on MCCPs pollution than SCCPs. Additionally, the contribution of metal working industry was beyond that of PVC production industry and CP products industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilu Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China
| | - Yajing Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China
| | - Jingjing Su
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China
| | - Jingfang Shangguan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Mengdi Zhan
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xianfa Su
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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149
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Hu C, Wei Z, Zhan H, Gu W, Liu H, Chen A, Jiang B, Yue F, Zhang R, Fan S, He P, Leung KMY, Wang X, Xie Z. Molecular characteristics, sources and influencing factors of isoprene and monoterpenes secondary organic aerosol tracers in the marine atmosphere over the Arctic Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158645. [PMID: 36089018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOA) are important components of the remote marine atmosphere. However, the response of BSOA changes to sea ice reduction over the Arctic Ocean remains unclear. Here we investigated isoprene and monoterpenes secondary organic aerosol (SOAI and SOAM) tracers in three years of summer aerosol samples collected from the Arctic Ocean atmosphere. The results indicated that methyltetrols were the most abundant SOAI tracers, while the main oxidation products of monoterpenes varied over the years owing to different aerosol aging. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA)-generalized additive model (GAM) combined with correlation analysis suggested that SOAI tracers were mainly generated by the oxidation of isoprene from marine emissions, while SOAM tracers were probably more influenced by terrestrial transport. Estimation of secondary organic carbon (SOC) indicated that monoterpenes oxidation contributed more than isoprene and that sea ice changes had a relatively small effect on biogenic SOC concentration levels. Our study quantified the contribution of influencing factors to the atmospheric concentration of BSOA tracers in the Arctic Ocean, and showed that there were differences in the sources of precursors for different BSOA. Hence, our findings have contributed to a better understanding of the characteristics, sources and formation of SOA in the atmosphere of the Arctic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengge Hu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
| | - Zexun Wei
- First Institute of Oceanography, and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao, China
| | - Haicong Zhan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weihua Gu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Afeng Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
| | - Fange Yue
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Runqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shidong Fan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pengzhen He
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhouqing Xie
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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150
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Tan Z, Lu K, Ma X, Chen S, He L, Huang X, Li X, Lin X, Tang M, Yu D, Wahner A, Zhang Y. Multiple Impacts of Aerosols on O 3 Production Are Largely Compensated: A Case Study Shenzhen, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17569-17580. [PMID: 36473087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a harmful gas compound to humans and vegetation, and it also serves as a climate change forcer. O3 is formed in the reactions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with light. In this study, an O3 pollution episode encountered in Shenzhen, South China in 2018 was investigated to illustrate the influence of aerosols on local O3 production. We used a box model with comprehensive heterogeneous mechanisms and empirical prediction of photolysis rates to reproduce the O3 episode. Results demonstrate that the aerosol light extinction and NO2 heterogeneous reactions showed comparable influence but opposite signs on the O3 production. Hence, the influence of aerosols from different processes is largely counteracted. Sensitivity tests suggest that O3 production increases with further reduction in aerosols in this study, while the continued NOx reduction finally shifts O3 production to an NOx-limited regime with respect to traditional O3-NOx-VOC sensitivity. Our results shed light on the role of NOx reduction on O3 production and highlight further mitigation in NOx not only limiting the production of O3 but also helping to ease particulate nitrate, as a path for cocontrol of O3 and fine particle pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Tan
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Lingyan He
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengxue Tang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Andreas Wahner
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
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