101
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Zhang DX, Zhang JP, Hu JY, Huang YS. The potential regulatory roles of NAD(+) and its metabolism in autophagy. Metabolism 2016; 65:454-62. [PMID: 26975537 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
(Macro)autophagy mediates the bulk degradation of defective organelles, long-lived proteins and protein aggregates in lysosomes and plays a critical role in cellular and tissue homeostasis. Defective autophagy processes have been found to contribute to a variety of metabolic diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy are not fully understood. Increasing data indicate that nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD(+)) homeostasis correlates intimately with autophagy. NAD(+) is a ubiquitous coenzyme that functions primarily as an electron carrier of oxidoreductase in multiple redox reactions. Both NAD(+) homeostasis and its metabolism are thought to play critical roles in regulating autophagy. In this review, we discuss how the regulation of NAD(+) and its metabolism can influence autophagy. We focus on the regulation of NAD(+)/NADH homeostasis and the effects of NAD(+) consumption by poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), NAD(+)-dependent deacetylation by sirtuins and NAD(+) metabolites on autophagy processes and the underlying mechanisms. Future studies should provide more direct evidence for the regulation of autophagy processes by NAD(+). A better understanding of the critical roles of NAD(+) and its metabolites on autophagy will shed light on the complexity of autophagy regulation, which is essential for the discovery of new therapeutic tools for autophagy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, PR China, 400038
| | - Jia-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, PR China, 400038
| | - Jiong-Yu Hu
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China, 400038
| | - Yue-Sheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, PR China, 400038.
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102
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Tsang YH, Dogruluk T, Tedeschi PM, Wardwell-Ozgo J, Lu H, Espitia M, Nair N, Minelli R, Chong Z, Chen F, Chang QE, Dennison JB, Dogruluk A, Li M, Ying H, Bertino JR, Gingras MC, Ittmann M, Kerrigan J, Chen K, Creighton CJ, Eterovic K, Mills GB, Scott KL. Functional annotation of rare gene aberration drivers of pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10500. [PMID: 26806015 PMCID: PMC4737758 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As we enter the era of precision medicine, characterization of cancer genomes will directly influence therapeutic decisions in the clinic. Here we describe a platform enabling functionalization of rare gene mutations through their high-throughput construction, molecular barcoding and delivery to cancer models for in vivo tumour driver screens. We apply these technologies to identify oncogenic drivers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This approach reveals oncogenic activity for rare gene aberrations in genes including NAD Kinase (NADK), which regulates NADP(H) homeostasis and cellular redox state. We further validate mutant NADK, whose expression provides gain-of-function enzymatic activity leading to a reduction in cellular reactive oxygen species and tumorigenesis, and show that depletion of wild-type NADK in PDAC cell lines attenuates cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate that annotating rare aberrations can reveal important cancer signalling pathways representing additional therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Huen Tsang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Turgut Dogruluk
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Philip M. Tedeschi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Joanna Wardwell-Ozgo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hengyu Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Maribel Espitia
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Nikitha Nair
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Rosalba Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zechen Chong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Qing Edward Chang
- Department of Genomics Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Dennison
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Armel Dogruluk
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Genomics Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Joseph R. Bertino
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - John Kerrigan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chad J. Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Karina Eterovic
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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103
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Ting KY, Leung CFP, Graeff RM, Lee HC, Hao Q, Kotaka M. Porcine CD38 exhibits prominent secondary NAD(+) cyclase activity. Protein Sci 2016; 25:650-61. [PMID: 26660500 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) mobilizes intracellular Ca(2+) stores and activates Ca(2+) influx to regulate a wide range of physiological processes. It is one of the products produced from the catalysis of NAD(+) by the multifunctional CD38/ADP-ribosyl cyclase superfamily. After elimination of the nicotinamide ring by the enzyme, the reaction intermediate of NAD(+) can either be hydrolyzed to form linear ADPR or cyclized to form cADPR. We have previously shown that human CD38 exhibits a higher preference towards the hydrolysis of NAD(+) to form linear ADPR while Aplysia ADP-ribosyl cyclase prefers cyclizing NAD(+) to form cADPR. In this study, we characterized the enzymatic properties of porcine CD38 and revealed that it has a prominent secondary NAD(+) cyclase activity producing cADPR. We also determined the X-ray crystallographic structures of porcine CD38 and were able to observe conformational flexibility at the base of the active site of the enzyme which allow the NAD(+) reaction intermediate to adopt conformations resulting in both hydrolysis and cyclization forming linear ADPR and cADPR respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yiu Ting
- School of Life Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The Centre of Novel Biomaterials, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Richard M Graeff
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hon Cheung Lee
- School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Campus, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan Hao
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Masayo Kotaka
- School of Life Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The Centre of Novel Biomaterials, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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104
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Ali RA, Camick C, Wiles K, Walseth TF, Slama JT, Bhattacharya S, Giovannucci DR, Wall KA. Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Plays a Critical Role in Naive and Effector Murine T Cells but Not Natural Regulatory T Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:4503-22. [PMID: 26728458 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.681833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), the most potent Ca(2+) mobilizing second messenger discovered to date, has been implicated in Ca(2+) signaling in some lymphomas and T cell clones. In contrast, the role of NAADP in Ca(2+) signaling or the identity of the Ca(2+) stores targeted by NAADP in conventional naive T cells is less clear. In the current study, we demonstrate the importance of NAADP in the generation of Ca(2+) signals in murine naive T cells. Combining live-cell imaging methods and a pharmacological approach using the NAADP antagonist Ned-19, we addressed the involvement of NAADP in the generation of Ca(2+) signals evoked by TCR stimulation and the role of this signal in downstream physiological end points such as proliferation, cytokine production, and other responses to stimulation. We demonstrated that acidic compartments in addition to the endoplasmic reticulum were the Ca(2+) stores that were sensitive to NAADP in naive T cells. NAADP was shown to evoke functionally relevant Ca(2+) signals in both naive CD4 and naive CD8 T cells. Furthermore, we examined the role of this signal in the activation, proliferation, and secretion of effector cytokines by Th1, Th2, Th17, and CD8 effector T cells. Overall, NAADP exhibited a similar profile in mediating Ca(2+) release in effector T cells as in their counterpart naive T cells and seemed to be equally important for the function of these different subsets of effector T cells. This profile was not observed for natural T regulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan A Ali
- From the Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Christina Camick
- From the Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Katherine Wiles
- From the Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Timothy F Walseth
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - James T Slama
- From the Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Sumit Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614 and
| | - David R Giovannucci
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614 and
| | - Katherine A Wall
- From the Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
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105
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Kilpatrick BS, Magalhaes J, Beavan MS, McNeill A, Gegg ME, Cleeter MWJ, Bloor-Young D, Churchill GC, Duchen MR, Schapira AH, Patel S. Endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal Ca²⁺ stores are remodelled in GBA1-linked Parkinson disease patient fibroblasts. Cell Calcium 2015; 59:12-20. [PMID: 26691915 PMCID: PMC4751977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in β-glucocerebrosidase (encoded by GBA1) cause Gaucher disease (GD), a lysosomal storage disorder, and increase the risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD). The pathogenetic relationship between the two disorders is unclear. Here, we characterised Ca(2+) release in fibroblasts from type I GD and PD patients together with age-matched, asymptomatic carriers, all with the common N370S mutation in β-glucocerebrosidase. We show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) release was potentiated in GD and PD patient fibroblasts but not in cells from asymptomatic carriers. ER Ca(2+) signalling was also potentiated in fibroblasts from aged healthy subjects relative to younger individuals but not further increased in aged PD patient cells. Chemical or molecular inhibition of β-glucocerebrosidase in fibroblasts and a neuronal cell line did not affect ER Ca(2+) signalling suggesting defects are independent of enzymatic activity loss. Conversely, lysosomal Ca(2+) store content was reduced in PD fibroblasts and associated with age-dependent alterations in lysosomal morphology. Accelerated remodelling of Ca(2+) stores by pathogenic GBA1 mutations may therefore feature in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan S Kilpatrick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Joana Magalhaes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Michelle S Beavan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Alisdair McNeill
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Matthew E Gegg
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Michael W J Cleeter
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | | | - Grant C Churchill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anthony H Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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106
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D'Errico S, Oliviero G, Borbone N, Di Gennaro E, Zotti AI, Budillon A, Cerullo V, Nici F, Mayol L, Piccialli V, Piccialli G. Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antiproliferative Properties of a Tethered Tubercidin-Platinum(II) Complex. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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107
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Calcium signaling in membrane repair. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 45:24-31. [PMID: 26519113 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resealing allows cells to mend damaged membranes rapidly when plasma membrane (PM) disruptions occur. Models of PM repair mechanisms include the "lipid-patch", "endocytic removal", and "macro-vesicle shedding" models, all of which postulate a dependence on local increases in intracellular Ca(2+) at injury sites. Multiple calcium sensors, including synaptotagmin (Syt) VII, dysferlin, and apoptosis-linked gene-2 (ALG-2), are involved in PM resealing, suggesting that Ca(2+) may regulate multiple steps of the repair process. Although earlier studies focused exclusively on external Ca(2+), recent studies suggest that Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores may also be important for PM resealing. Hence, depending on injury size and the type of injury, multiple sources of Ca(2+) may be recruited to trigger and orchestrate repair processes. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which the resealing process is promoted by vesicular Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+) sensors that accumulate at damage sites.
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108
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Plattner H. Signalling in ciliates: long- and short-range signals and molecular determinants for cellular dynamics. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 92:60-107. [PMID: 26487631 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In ciliates, unicellular representatives of the bikont branch of evolution, inter- and intracellular signalling pathways have been analysed mainly in Paramecium tetraurelia, Paramecium multimicronucleatum and Tetrahymena thermophila and in part also in Euplotes raikovi. Electrophysiology of ciliary activity in Paramecium spp. is a most successful example. Established signalling mechanisms include plasmalemmal ion channels, recently established intracellular Ca2+ -release channels, as well as signalling by cyclic nucleotides and Ca2+ . Ca2+ -binding proteins (calmodulin, centrin) and Ca2+ -activated enzymes (kinases, phosphatases) are involved. Many organelles are endowed with specific molecules cooperating in signalling for intracellular transport and targeted delivery. Among them are recently specified soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), monomeric GTPases, H+ -ATPase/pump, actin, etc. Little specification is available for some key signal transducers including mechanosensitive Ca2+ -channels, exocyst complexes and Ca2+ -sensor proteins for vesicle-vesicle/membrane interactions. The existence of heterotrimeric G-proteins and of G-protein-coupled receptors is still under considerable debate. Serine/threonine kinases dominate by far over tyrosine kinases (some predicted by phosphoproteomic analyses). Besides short-range signalling, long-range signalling also exists, e.g. as firmly installed microtubular transport rails within epigenetically determined patterns, thus facilitating targeted vesicle delivery. By envisaging widely different phenomena of signalling and subcellular dynamics, it will be shown (i) that important pathways of signalling and cellular dynamics are established already in ciliates, (ii) that some mechanisms diverge from higher eukaryotes and (iii) that considerable uncertainties still exist about some essential aspects of signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Plattner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, PO Box M625, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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109
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Cao X, Choi S, Maléth JJ, Park S, Ahuja M, Muallem S. The ER/PM microdomain, PI(4,5)P₂ and the regulation of STIM1-Orai1 channel function. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:342-8. [PMID: 25843208 PMCID: PMC4564333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
All forms of cell signaling occur in discreet cellular microdomains in which the ER is the main participant and include microdomains formed by the ER with lysosomes, endosomes, the nucleus, mitochondria and the plasma membrane. In the microdomains the two opposing organelles transfer and exchange constituents including lipids and ions. As is the case for other forms of signaling pathways, many components of the receptor-evoked Ca(2+) signal are clustered at the ER/PM microdomain, including the Orai1-STIM1 complex. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the molecular components that tether the ER and plasma membrane to form the ER/PM microdomains in which PI(4,5)P2 is enriched, and how dynamic targeting of the Orai1-STIM1 complex to PI(4,5)P2-poor and PI(4,5)P2-rich microdomains controls the activity of Orai1 and its regulation by Ca(2+) that is mediated by SARAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 501-375, Republic of Korea
| | - Jozsef J Maléth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6725, Hungary
| | - Seonghee Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 911-1 Mok-6-dong, Yang Chun-gu, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Malini Ahuja
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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110
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Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma, Past, Present, and Future: Monoclonal Antibodies, Vaccines, and Cellular Therapies. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2015; 10:395-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-015-0283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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111
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Mitochondrial Impairment May Increase Cellular NAD(P)H: Resazurin Oxidoreductase Activity, Perturbing the NAD(P)H-Based Viability Assays. Cells 2015; 4:427-51. [PMID: 26308058 PMCID: PMC4588044 DOI: 10.3390/cells4030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase activity with artificial dyes (NAD(P)H-OR) is an indicator of viability, as the cellular redox state is important for biosynthesis and antioxidant defense. However, high NAD(P)H due to impaired mitochondrial oxidation, known as reductive stress, should increase NAD(P)H-OR yet perturb viability. To better understand this complex behavior, we assayed NAD(P)H-OR with resazurin (Alamar Blue) in glioblastoma cell lines U87 and T98G, treated with inhibitors of central metabolism, oxythiamin, and phosphonate analogs of 2-oxo acids. Targeting the thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes, the inhibitors are known to decrease the NAD(P)H production in the pentose phosphate shuttle and/or upon mitochondrial oxidation of 2-oxo acids. Nevertheless, the inhibitors elevated NAD(P)H-OR with resazurin in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, suggesting impaired NAD(P)H oxidation rather than increased viability. In particular, inhibition of the ThDP-dependent enzymes affects metabolism of malate, which mediates mitochondrial oxidation of cytosolic NAD(P)H. We showed that oxythiamin not only inhibited mitochondrial 2-oxo acid dehydrogenases, but also induced cell-specific changes in glutamate and malate dehydrogenases and/or malic enzyme. As a result, inhibition of the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenases compromises mitochondrial metabolism, with the dysregulated electron fluxes leading to increases in cellular NAD(P)H-OR. Perturbed mitochondrial oxidation of NAD(P)H may thus complicate the NAD(P)H-based viability assay.
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112
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Karakasheva TA, Waldron TJ, Eruslanov E, Kim SB, Lee JS, O'Brien S, Hicks PD, Basu D, Singhal S, Malavasi F, Rustgi AK. CD38-Expressing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Promote Tumor Growth in a Murine Model of Esophageal Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4074-85. [PMID: 26294209 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are an immunosuppressive population of immature myeloid cells found in advanced-stage cancer patients and mouse tumor models. Production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase, as well as other suppressive mechanisms, allows MDSCs to suppress T-cell-mediated tumor clearance and foster tumor progression. Using an unbiased global gene expression approach in conditional p120-catenin knockout mice (L2-cre;p120ctn(f/f)), a model of oral-esophageal cancer, we have identified CD38 as playing a vital role in MDSC biology, previously unknown. CD38 belongs to the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family and possesses both ectoenzyme and receptor functions. It has been described to function in lymphoid and early myeloid cell differentiation, cell activation, and neutrophil chemotaxis. We find that CD38 expression in MDSCs is evident in other mouse tumor models of esophageal carcinogenesis, and CD38(high) MDSCs are more immature than MDSCs lacking CD38 expression, suggesting a potential role for CD38 in the maturation halt found in MDSC populations. CD38(high) MDSCs also possess a greater capacity to suppress activated T cells, and promote tumor growth to a greater degree than CD38(low) MDSCs, likely as a result of increased iNOS production. In addition, we have identified novel tumor-derived factors, specifically IL6, IGFBP3, and CXCL16, which induce CD38 expression by MDSCs ex vivo. Finally, we have detected an expansion of CD38(+) MDSCs in peripheral blood of advanced-stage cancer patients and validated targeting CD38 in vivo as a novel approach to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Karakasheva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Todd J Waldron
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evgeniy Eruslanov
- Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sang-Bae Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shaun O'Brien
- Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Philip D Hicks
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Surgery Service; Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Surgery Service; Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Lab of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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113
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Sato T, Tsuzuki T, Takano S, Kato K, Fukuda H, Arisawa M, Shuto S. Construction of a chiral quaternary carbon center by a radical cyclization/ring-enlargement reaction: synthesis of 4α-azidoethyl carbocyclic ribose, a key unit for the synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose derivatives of biological importance. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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114
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Ca(2+) homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress: An integrated view of calcium signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:114-21. [PMID: 25998740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis is maintained through the integrated and coordinated function of Ca(2+) transport molecules, Ca(2+) buffers and sensors. These molecules are associated with the plasma membrane and different cellular compartments, such as the cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and cellular reticular network, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to control free and bound Ca(2+) levels in all parts of the cell. Loss of nutrients/energy leads to the loss of cellular homeostasis and disruption of Ca(2+) signaling in both the reticular network and cytoplasmic compartments. As an integral part of cellular physiology and pathology, this leads to activation of ER stress coping responses, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), and mobilization of pathways to regain ER homeostasis.
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Cantó C, Menzies KJ, Auwerx J. NAD(+) Metabolism and the Control of Energy Homeostasis: A Balancing Act between Mitochondria and the Nucleus. Cell Metab 2015; 22:31-53. [PMID: 26118927 PMCID: PMC4487780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1036] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NAD(+) has emerged as a vital cofactor that can rewire metabolism, activate sirtuins, and maintain mitochondrial fitness through mechanisms such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. This improved understanding of NAD(+) metabolism revived interest in NAD(+)-boosting strategies to manage a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from diabetes to cancer. In this review, we summarize how NAD(+) metabolism links energy status with adaptive cellular and organismal responses and how this knowledge can be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Cantó
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Takano S, Tsuzuki T, Murayama T, Sakurai T, Fukuda H, Arisawa M, Shuto S. Synthesis of 7-Deaza-cyclic Adenosine-5'-diphosphate-carbocyclic-ribose and Its 7-Bromo Derivative as Intracellular Ca(2+)-Mobilizing Agents. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6619-27. [PMID: 26075947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-carbocyclic-ribose (cADPcR, 3) is a biologically and chemically stable equivalent of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR, 1), a Ca(2+)-mobilizing second messenger. We became interested in the biological activity of the 7-deaza analogues of cADPcR, i.e., 7-deaza-cADPcR (7) and its 7-bromo derivative, i.e., 7-deaza-7-Br-cADPcR (8), because 7-deazaadenosine is an efficient bioisostere of adenosine. The synthesis of 7 and 8 required us to construct the key N1-carbocyclic-ribosyl-7-deazaadenosine structure. Therefore, we developed a general method for preparing N1-substituted 7-deazaadenosines by condensing a 2,3-disubstituted pyrrole nucleoside with amines. Using this method, we prepared the N1-carbocyclic ribosyl 7-deazaadenosine derivative 10a, from which we then synthesized the target 7-deaza-cADPcR (7) via an Ag(+)-promoted intramolecular condensation to construct the 18-membered pyrophosphate ring structure. The corresponding 7-bromo derivative 8, which was the first analogue of cADPR with a substitution at the 7-position, was similarly synthesized. Biological evaluation for Ca(2+)-mobilizing activity in the sea urchin egg homogenate system indicated that 7-deaza-cADPcR (7) and 7-deaza-7-Br-cADPcR (8) acted as a full agonist and a partial agonist, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takashi Murayama
- §Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- §Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Nebel M, Zhang B, Odoardi F, Flügel A, Potter BVL, Guse AH. Calcium Signalling Triggered by NAADP in T Cells Determines Cell Shape and Motility During Immune Synapse Formation. MESSENGER (LOS ANGELES, CALIF. : PRINT) 2015; 4:104-111. [PMID: 27747143 PMCID: PMC5065091 DOI: 10.1166/msr.2015.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) has been implicated as an initial Ca2+ trigger in T cell Ca2+ signalling, but its role in formation of the immune synapse in CD4+ effector T cells has not been analysed. CD4+ T cells are activated by the interaction with peptide-MHCII complexes on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. Establishing a two-cell system including primary rat CD4+ T cells specific for myelin basic protein and rat astrocytes enabled us to mirror this activation process in vitro and to analyse Ca2+ signalling, cell shape changes and motility in T cells during formation and maintenance of the immune synapse. After immune synapse formation, T cells showed strong, antigen-dependent increases in free cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+] i ). Analysis of cell shape and motility revealed rounding and immobilization of T cells depending on the amplitude of the Ca2+ signal. NAADP-antagonist BZ194 effectively blocked Ca2+ signals in T cells evoked by the interaction with antigen-presenting astrocytes. BZ194 reduced the percentage of T cells showing high Ca2+ signals thereby supporting the proposed trigger function of NAADP for global Ca2+ signalling. Taken together, the NAADP signalling pathway is further confirmed as a promising target for specific pharmacological intervention to modulate T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Nebel
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bo Zhang
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Neuroimmunology, Gemeinnützige Hertie-Stiftung and University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Neuroimmunology, Gemeinnützige Hertie-Stiftung and University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Yokoyama S, Al Mahmuda N, Munesue T, Hayashi K, Yagi K, Yamagishi M, Higashida H. Association Study between the CD157/BST1 Gene and Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Japanese Population. Brain Sci 2015; 5:188-200. [PMID: 26010484 PMCID: PMC4493464 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci5020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD157, also referred to as bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (BST-1), is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule that promotes pre-B-cell growth. Previous studies have reported associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CD157/BST1 gene with Parkinson’s disease. In an attempt to determine whether SNPs or haplotypes in the CD157/BST1 are associated with other brain disorders, we performed a case-control study including 147 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients at Kanazawa University Hospital in Japan and 150 unselected Japanese volunteers by the sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction method combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Of 93 SNPs examined, two SNPs showed significantly higher allele frequencies in cases with ASDs than in unaffected controls (rs4301112, OR = 6.4, 95% CI = 1.9 to 22, p = 0.0007; and rs28532698, OR = 6.2, 95% CI = 1.8 to 21, p = 0.0012; Fisher’s exact test; p < 0.002 was considered significant after multiple testing correction). In addition, CT genotype in rs10001565 was more frequently observed in the ASD group than in the control group (OR = 15, 95% CI = 2.0 to 117, p = 0.0007; Fisher’s exact test). The present data indicate that genetic variation of the CD157/BST1 gene might confer susceptibility to ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Yokoyama
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
- MEXT Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences (SRPBS), Okazaki 444-0840, Japan.
| | - Naila Al Mahmuda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Toshio Munesue
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
- MEXT Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences (SRPBS), Okazaki 444-0840, Japan.
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- Medical Education Research Center, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
- MEXT Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences (SRPBS), Okazaki 444-0840, Japan.
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119
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Molinari G. Is hydrogen ion (H(+)) the real second messenger in calcium signalling? Cell Signal 2015; 27:1392-7. [PMID: 25843778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most second messengers have the acknowledged ability to mobilize the segregated Ca(2+) from intracellular stores, although the mechanisms of mobilization are unclear. To study this problem, the fact that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and six other known endogenous Ca(2+) mobilizers are acids, or acid-generating compounds, is highlighted. In physiological conditions, a newly generated acid releases H(+). The transient rise of H(+) in the cytosol may induce the lowering of pH, mobilization of bound Ca(2+), protein conformational rearrangement, store depletion, and Ca(2+) influx. Accordingly, a new description of the basic mechanism for signal transduction in non-excitable cells and the related consequences is put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Molinari
- Biochemical Specialist at Molinari Giuliano, Via Agrigento 56, 37138 Verona Italy.
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120
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Nikiforov A, Kulikova V, Ziegler M. The human NAD metabolome: Functions, metabolism and compartmentalization. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 50:284-97. [PMID: 25837229 PMCID: PMC4673589 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1028612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of NAD has emerged as a key regulator of cellular and organismal homeostasis. Being a major component of both bioenergetic and signaling pathways, the molecule is ideally suited to regulate metabolism and major cellular events. In humans, NAD is synthesized from vitamin B3 precursors, most prominently from nicotinamide, which is the degradation product of all NAD-dependent signaling reactions. The scope of NAD-mediated regulatory processes is wide including enzyme regulation, control of gene expression and health span, DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and calcium signaling. In these processes, nicotinamide is cleaved from NAD+ and the remaining ADP-ribosyl moiety used to modify proteins (deacetylation by sirtuins or ADP-ribosylation) or to generate calcium-mobilizing agents such as cyclic ADP-ribose. This review will also emphasize the role of the intermediates in the NAD metabolome, their intra- and extra-cellular conversions and potential contributions to subcellular compartmentalization of NAD pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Nikiforov
- a Institute of Nanobiotechnologies, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University , St. Petersburg , Russia .,b Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg , Russia , and
| | - Veronika Kulikova
- a Institute of Nanobiotechnologies, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Mathias Ziegler
- c Department of Molecular Biology , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
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Plattner H. Molecular aspects of calcium signalling at the crossroads of unikont and bikont eukaryote evolution – The ciliated protozoan Paramecium in focus. Cell Calcium 2015; 57:174-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Plattner H, Verkhratsky A. The ancient roots of calcium signalling evolutionary tree. Cell Calcium 2015; 57:123-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cabezas A, Ribeiro JM, Rodrigues JR, López-Villamizar I, Fernández A, Canales J, Pinto RM, Costas MJ, Cameselle JC. Molecular bases of catalysis and ADP-ribose preference of human Mn2+-dependent ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol diphosphatase and conversion by mutagenesis to a preferential cyclic ADP-ribose phosphohydrolase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118680. [PMID: 25692488 PMCID: PMC4334965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among metallo-dependent phosphatases, ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol diphosphatases form a protein family (ADPRibase-Mn-like) mainly restricted, in eukaryotes, to vertebrates and plants, with preferential expression, at least in rodents, in immune cells. Rat and zebrafish ADPRibase-Mn, the only biochemically studied, are phosphohydrolases of ADP-ribose and, somewhat less efficiently, of CDP-alcohols and 2´,3´-cAMP. Furthermore, the rat but not the zebrafish enzyme displays a unique phosphohydrolytic activity on cyclic ADP-ribose. The molecular basis of such specificity is unknown. Human ADPRibase-Mn showed similar activities, including cyclic ADP-ribose phosphohydrolase, which seems thus common to mammalian ADPRibase-Mn. Substrate docking on a homology model of human ADPRibase-Mn suggested possible interactions of ADP-ribose with seven residues located, with one exception (Cys253), either within the metallo-dependent phosphatases signature (Gln27, Asn110, His111), or in unique structural regions of the ADPRibase-Mn family: s2s3 (Phe37 and Arg43) and h7h8 (Phe210), around the active site entrance. Mutants were constructed, and kinetic parameters for ADP-ribose, CDP-choline, 2´,3´-cAMP and cyclic ADP-ribose were determined. Phe37 was needed for ADP-ribose preference without catalytic effect, as indicated by the increased ADP-ribose Km and unchanged kcat of F37A-ADPRibase-Mn, while the Km values for the other substrates were little affected. Arg43 was essential for catalysis as indicated by the drastic efficiency loss shown by R43A-ADPRibase-Mn. Unexpectedly, Cys253 was hindering for cADPR phosphohydrolase, as indicated by the specific tenfold gain of efficiency of C253A-ADPRibase-Mn with cyclic ADP-ribose. This allowed the design of a triple mutant (F37A+L196F+C253A) for which cyclic ADP-ribose was the best substrate, with a catalytic efficiency of 3.5´104 M-1s-1 versus 4´103 M-1s-1 of the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Cabezas
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - João Meireles Ribeiro
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Joaquim Rui Rodrigues
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Iralis López-Villamizar
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ascensión Fernández
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - José Canales
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Rosa María Pinto
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Jesús Costas
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - José Carlos Cameselle
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- * E-mail:
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NAD kinase controls animal NADP biosynthesis and is modulated via evolutionarily divergent calmodulin-dependent mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1386-91. [PMID: 25605906 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417290112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) is a critical cofactor during metabolism, calcium signaling, and oxidative defense, yet how animals regulate their NADP pools in vivo and how NADP-synthesizing enzymes are regulated have long remained unknown. Here we show that expression of Nadk, an NAD(+) kinase-encoding gene, governs NADP biosynthesis in vivo and is essential for development in Xenopus frog embryos. Unexpectedly, we found that embryonic Nadk expression is dynamic, showing cell type-specific up-regulation during both frog and sea urchin embryogenesis. We analyzed the NAD kinases (NADKs) of a variety of deuterostome animals, finding two conserved internal domains forming a catalytic core but a highly divergent N terminus. One type of N terminus (found in basal species such as the sea urchin) mediates direct catalytic activation of NADK by Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM), whereas the other (typical for vertebrates) is phosphorylated by a CaM kinase-dependent mechanism. This work indicates that animal NADKs govern NADP biosynthesis in vivo and are regulated by evolutionarily divergent and conserved CaM-dependent mechanisms.
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125
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Abstract
A successful pregnancy depends on a complex process that establishes fetomaternal tolerance. Seminal plasma is known to induce maternal immune tolerance to paternal alloantigens, but the seminal factors that regulate maternal immunity have yet to be characterized. Here, we show that a soluble form of CD38 (sCD38) released from seminal vesicles to the seminal plasma plays a crucial role in inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells and CD4(+) forkhead box P3(+) (Foxp3(+)) regulatory T cells (Tregs), thereby enhancing maternal immune tolerance and protecting the semiallogeneic fetus from resorption. The abortion rate in BALB/c females mated with C57BL/6 Cd38(-/-) males was high compared with that in females mated with Cd38(+/+) males, and this was associated with a reduced proportion of Tregs within the CD4(+) T-cell pool. Direct intravaginal injection of sCD38 to CBA/J pregnant mice at preimplantation increased Tregs and pregnancy rates in mice under abortive sonic stress from 48 h after mating until euthanasia. Thus, sCD38 released from seminal vesicles to the seminal plasma acts as an immunoregulatory factor to protect semiallogeneic fetuses from maternal immune responses.
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126
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Naviaux JC, Wang L, Li K, Bright AT, Alaynick WA, Williams KR, Powell SB, Naviaux RK. Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the Fragile X (Fmr1 knockout) mouse model. Mol Autism 2015; 6:1. [PMID: 25705365 PMCID: PMC4334917 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to test a new approach to drug treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in the Fragile X (Fmr1) knockout mouse model. Methods We used behavioral analysis, mass spectrometry, metabolomics, electron microscopy, and western analysis to test the hypothesis that the disturbances in social behavior, novelty preference, metabolism, and synapse structure are treatable with antipurinergic therapy (APT). Results Weekly treatment with the purinergic antagonist suramin (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally), started at 9 weeks of age, restored normal social behavior, and improved metabolism, and brain synaptosomal structure. Abnormalities in synaptosomal glutamate, endocannabinoid, purinergic, and IP3 receptor expression, complement C1q, TDP43, and amyloid β precursor protein (APP) were corrected. Comprehensive metabolomic analysis identified 20 biochemical pathways associated with symptom improvements. Seventeen pathways were shared with human ASD, and 11 were shared with the maternal immune activation (MIA) model of ASD. These metabolic pathways were previously identified as functionally related mediators of the evolutionarily conserved cell danger response (CDR). Conclusions The data show that antipurinergic therapy improves the multisystem, ASD-like features of both the environmental MIA, and the genetic Fragile X models. These abnormalities appeared to be traceable to mitochondria and regulated by purinergic signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2040-2392-6-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Naviaux
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA
| | - Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA
| | - A Taylor Bright
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA
| | - William A Alaynick
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA
| | - Kenneth R Williams
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA ; General Atomics, Inc, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Susan B Powell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA ; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Robert K Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA ; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, San Diego, CA 92103-8467 USA ; Veterans Affairs Center for Excellence in Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), La Jolla, CA USA
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Guedes AGP, Jude JA, Paulin J, Rivero-Nava L, Kita H, Lund FE, Kannan MS. Airway responsiveness in CD38-deficient mice in allergic airway disease: studies with bone marrow chimeras. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L485-93. [PMID: 25575514 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00227.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is a cell-surface protein involved in calcium signaling and contractility of airway smooth muscle. It has a role in normal airway responsiveness and in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) developed following airway exposure to IL-13 and TNF-α but appears not to be critical to airway inflammation in response to the cytokines. CD38 is also involved in T cell-mediated immune response to protein antigens. In this study, we assessed the contribution of CD38 to AHR and inflammation to two distinct allergens, ovalbumin and the epidemiologically relevant environmental fungus Alternaria. We also generated bone marrow chimeras to assess whether Cd38(+/+) inflammatory cells would restore AHR in the CD38-deficient (Cd38(-/-)) hosts following ovalbumin challenge. Results show that wild-type (WT) mice develop greater AHR to inhaled methacholine than Cd38(-/-) mice following challenge with either allergen, with comparable airway inflammation. Reciprocal bone marrow transfers did not change the native airway phenotypic differences between WT and Cd38(-/-) mice, indicating that the lower airway reactivity of Cd38(-/-) mice stems from Cd38(-/-) lung parenchymal cells. Following bone marrow transfer from either source and ovalbumin challenge, the phenotype of Cd38(-/-) hosts was partially reversed, whereas the airway phenotype of the WT hosts was preserved. Airway inflammation was similar in Cd38(-/-) and WT chimeras. These results indicate that loss of CD38 on hematopoietic cells is not sufficient to prevent AHR and that the magnitude of airway inflammation is not the predominant underlying determinant of AHR in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso G P Guedes
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Joseph A Jude
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jaime Paulin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | | | - Hirohito Kita
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Frances E Lund
- Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mathur S Kannan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
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128
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Rahman T, Cai X, Brailoiu GC, Abood ME, Brailoiu E, Patel S. Two-pore channels provide insight into the evolution of voltage-gated Ca2+ and Na+ channels. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra109. [PMID: 25406377 PMCID: PMC4327855 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Four-domain voltage-gated Ca(2+) and Na(+) channels (CaV, NaV) underpin nervous system function and likely emerged upon intragenic duplication of a primordial two-domain precursor. To investigate if two-pore channels (TPCs) may represent an intermediate in this evolutionary transition, we performed molecular docking simulations with a homology model of TPC1, which suggested that the pore region could bind antagonists of CaV or NaV. CaV or NaV antagonists blocked NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate)-evoked Ca(2+) signals in sea urchin egg preparations and in intact cells that overexpressed TPC1. By sequence analysis and inspection of the model, we predicted a noncanonical selectivity filter in animal TPCs in which the carbonyl groups of conserved asparagine residues are positioned to coordinate cations. In contrast, a distinct clade of TPCs [TPCR (for TPC-related)] in several unicellular species had ion selectivity filters with acidic residues more akin to CaV. TPCRs were predicted to interact strongly with CaV antagonists. Our data suggest that acquisition of a "blueprint" pharmacological profile and changes in ion selectivity within four-domain voltage-gated ion channels may have predated intragenic duplication of an ancient two-domain ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufiq Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK.
| | - Xinjiang Cai
- Department of Cell Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - G Cristina Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Mary E Abood
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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129
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Ramos I, Reich A, Wessel GM. Two-pore channels function in calcium regulation in sea star oocytes and embryos. Development 2014; 141:4598-609. [PMID: 25377554 DOI: 10.1242/dev.113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Egg activation at fertilization is an excellent process for studying calcium regulation. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide-phosphate (NAADP), a potent calcium messenger, is able to trigger calcium release, likely through two-pore channels (TPCs). Concomitantly, a family of ectocellular enzymes, the ADP-ribosyl cyclases (ARCs), has emerged as being able to change their enzymatic mode from one of nucleotide cyclization in formation of cADPR to a base-exchange reaction in the generation of NAADP. Using sea star oocytes we gain insights into the functions of endogenously expressed TPCs and ARCs in the context of the global calcium signals at fertilization. Three TPCs and one ARC were found in the sea star (Patiria miniata) that were localized in the cortex of the oocytes and eggs. PmTPCs were localized in specialized secretory organelles called cortical granules, and PmARCs accumulated in a different, unknown, set of vesicles, closely apposed to the cortical granules in the egg cortex. Using morpholino knockdown of PmTPCs and PmARC in the oocytes, we found that both calcium regulators are essential for early embryo development, and that knockdown of PmTPCs leads to aberrant construction of the fertilization envelope at fertilization and changes in cortical granule pH. The calcium signals at fertilization are not significantly altered when individual PmTPCs are silenced, but the timing and shape of the cortical flash and calcium wave are slightly changed when the expression of all three PmTPCs is perturbed concomitantly, suggesting a cooperative activity among TPC isoforms in eliciting calcium signals that may influence localized physiological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ramos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941, Brazil
| | - Adrian Reich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Gary M Wessel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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130
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Zhao YJ, Zhu WJ, Wang XW, Zhang LH, Lee HC. Determinants of the membrane orientation of a calcium signaling enzyme CD38. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:2095-103. [PMID: 25447548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CD38 catalyzes the synthesis of two structurally distinct messengers for Ca²⁺-mobilization, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), from cytosolic substrates, NAD and NADP, respectively. CD38 is generally thought of as a type II membrane protein with its catalytic site facing outside. We recently showed that CD38 exists, instead, in two opposite membrane orientations. The determinant for the membrane topology is unknown. Here, specific antibodies against type III CD38 were designed and produced. We show that mutating the positively charged residues in the N-terminal tail of CD38 converted its orientation to type III, with the catalytic domain facing the cytosol and it was fully active in producing intracellular cADPR. Changing the serine residues to aspartate, which is functionally equivalent to phosphorylation, had a similar effect. The mutated CD38 was expressed intracellularly and was un-glycosylated. The membrane topology could also be modulated by changing the highly conserved di-cysteine. The results indicate that the net charge of the N-terminal segment is important in determining the membrane topology of CD38 and that the type III orientation can be a functional form of CD38 for Ca²⁺-signaling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Juan Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China; Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Wen Jie Zhu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian Wang Wang
- Functional Laboratory, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Li-He Zhang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hon Cheung Lee
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China.
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131
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Gilon P, Chae HY, Rutter GA, Ravier MA. Calcium signaling in pancreatic β-cells in health and in Type 2 diabetes. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:340-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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132
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Galione A. A primer of NAADP-mediated Ca(2+) signalling: From sea urchin eggs to mammalian cells. Cell Calcium 2014; 58:27-47. [PMID: 25449298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the Ca(2+) mobilizing effects of the pyridine nucleotide metabolite, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), this molecule has been demonstrated to function as a Ca(2+) mobilizing intracellular messenger in a wide range of cell types. In this review, I will briefly summarize the distinct principles behind NAADP-mediated Ca(2+) signalling before going on to outline the role of this messenger in the physiology of specific cell types. Central to the discussion here is the finding that NAADP principally mobilizes Ca(2+) from acidic organelles such as lysosomes and it is this property that allows NAADP to play a unique role in intracellular Ca(2+) signalling. Lysosomes and related organelles are small Ca(2+) stores but importantly may also initiate a two-way dialogue with other Ca(2+) storage organelles to amplify Ca(2+) release, and may be strategically localized to influence localized Ca(2+) signalling microdomains. The study of NAADP signalling has created a new and fruitful focus on the lysosome and endolysosomal system as major players in calcium signalling and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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133
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The enzymatic activities of CD38 enhance CLL growth and trafficking: implications for therapeutic targeting. Leukemia 2014; 29:356-68. [PMID: 24990614 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ecto-enzyme CD38 is gaining momentum as a novel therapeutic target for patients with hematological malignancies, with several anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies in clinical trials with promising results. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) CD38 is a marker of unfavorable prognosis and a central factor in the pathogenetic network underlying the disease: activation of CD38 regulates genetic pathways involved in proliferation and movement. Here we show that CD38 is enzymatically active in primary CLL cells and that its forced expression increases disease aggressiveness in a xenograft model. The effect is completely lost when using an enzyme-deficient version of CD38 with a single amino-acid mutation. Through the enzymatic conversion of NAD into ADPR (ADP-ribose) and cADPR (cyclic ADP-ribose), CD38 increases cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentrations, positively influencing proliferation and signaling mediated via chemokine receptors or integrins. Consistently, inhibition of the enzymatic activities of CD38 using the flavonoid kuromanin blocks CLL chemotaxis, adhesion and in vivo homing. In a short-term xenograft model using primary cells, kuromanin treatment traps CLL cells in the blood, thereby increasing responses to chemotherapy. These results suggest that monoclonal antibodies that block the enzymatic activities of CD38 or enzyme inhibitors may prove therapeutically useful.
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134
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Wagner LE, Groom LA, Dirksen RT, Yule DI. Characterization of ryanodine receptor type 1 single channel activity using "on-nucleus" patch clamp. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:96-107. [PMID: 24972488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we provide the first description of the biophysical and pharmacological properties of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) expressed in a native membrane using the on-nucleus configuration of the patch clamp technique. A stable cell line expressing rabbit RyR1 was established (HEK-RyR1) using the FLP-in 293 cell system. In contrast to untransfected cells, RyR1 expression was readily demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry in HEK-RyR1 cells. In addition, the RyR1 agonists 4-CMC and caffeine activated Ca(2+) release that was inhibited by high concentrations of ryanodine. On nucleus patch clamp was performed in nuclei prepared from HEK-RyR1 cells. Raising the [Ca(2+)] in the patch pipette resulted in the appearance of a large conductance cation channel with well resolved kinetics and the absence of prominent subconductance states. Current versus voltage relationships were ohmic and revealed a chord conductance of ∼750pS or 450pS in symmetrical 250mM KCl or CsCl, respectively. The channel activity was markedly enhanced by caffeine and exposure to ryanodine resulted in the appearance of a subconductance state with a conductance ∼40% of the full channel opening with a Po near unity. In total, these properties are entirely consistent with RyR1 channel activity. Exposure of RyR1 channels to cyclic ADP ribose (cADPr), nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) or dantrolene did not alter the single channel activity stimulated by Ca(2+), and thus, it is unlikely these molecules directly modulate RyR1 channel activity. In summary, we describe an experimental platform to monitor the single channel properties of RyR channels. We envision that this system will be influential in characterizing disease-associated RyR mutations and the molecular determinants of RyR channel modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry E Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Linda A Groom
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
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135
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Parrington J, Tunn R. Ca(2+) signals, NAADP and two-pore channels: role in cellular differentiation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:285-96. [PMID: 24702694 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) signals regulate a wide range of physiological processes. Intracellular Ca(2+) stores can be mobilized in response to extracellular stimuli via a range of signal transduction mechanisms, often involving recruitment of diffusible second messenger molecules. The Ca(2+) -mobilizing messengers InsP3 and cADPR release Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum via the InsP3 and ryanodine receptors, respectively, while a third messenger, NAADP, releases Ca(2+) from acidic endosomes and lysosomes. Bidirectional communication between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and acidic organelles may have functional relevance for endolysosomal function as well as for the generation of Ca(2+) signals. The two-pore channels (TPCs) are currently strong candidates for being key components of NAADP-regulated Ca(2+) channels. Ca(2+) signals have been shown to play important roles in differentiation; however, much remains to be established about the exact signalling mechanisms involved. The investigation of the role of NAADP and TPCs in differentiation is still at an early stage, but recent studies have suggested that they are important mediators of differentiation of neurones, skeletal muscle cells and osteoclasts. NAADP signals and TPCs have also been implicated in autophagy, an important process in differentiation. Further studies will be required to identify the precise mechanism of TPC action and their link with NAADP signalling, as well as relating this to their roles in differentiation and other key processes in the cell and organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - R. Tunn
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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136
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Tsuzuki T, Takano S, Sakaguchi N, Kudoh T, Murayama T, Sakurai T, Hashii M, Higashida H, Weber K, Guse AH, Kameda T, Hirokawa T, Kumaki Y, Arisawa M, Potter BVL, Shuto S. Design, Synthesis, and Chemical and Biological Properties of Cyclic ADP-4-Thioribose as a Stable Equivalent of Cyclic ADP-Ribose. MESSENGER (LOS ANGELES, CALIF. : PRINT) 2014; 3:35-51. [PMID: 27200225 PMCID: PMC4869844 DOI: 10.1166/msr.2014.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the successful synthesis of cyclic ADP-4-thioribose (cADPtR, 3), designed as a stable mimic of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR, 1), a Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger, in which the key N1-β-thioribosyladenosine structure was stereoselectively constructed by condensation between the imidazole nucleoside derivative 8 and the 4-thioribosylamine 7 via equilibrium in 7 between the α-anomer (7α) and the β-anomer (7β) during the reaction course. cADPtR is, unlike cADPR, chemically and biologically stable, while it effectively mobilizes intracellular Ca2+ like cADPR in various biological systems, such as sea urchin homogenate, NG108-15 neuronal cells, and Jurkat T-lymphocytes. Thus, cADPtR is a stable equivalent of cADPR, which can be useful as a biological tool for investigating cADPR-mediated Ca2+-mobilizing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Tsuzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Natsumi Sakaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudoh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Murayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Minako Hashii
- Department of Biophysical Genetics, Takaramachi, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Biophysical Genetics, Takaramachi, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Karin Weber
- The Calcium Signalling Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tomoshi Kameda
- Computational Biology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Aomi, Koutou-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Computational Biology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Aomi, Koutou-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kumaki
- Faculty of Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-11, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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137
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Pereira GJS, Hirata H, do Carmo LG, Stilhano RS, Ureshino RP, Medaglia NC, Han SW, Churchill G, Bincoletto C, Patel S, Smaili SS. NAADP-sensitive two-pore channels are present and functional in gastric smooth muscle cells. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:51-8. [PMID: 24882212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) has been identified as an important modulator of Ca(2+) release from the endo-lysosomal system in a variety of cells by a new and ubiquitous class of endo-lysosomal ion channels known as the two-pore channels (TPCs). However, the role of TPCs in NAADP action in smooth muscle is not known. In the present work, we investigated the effects of NAADP in gastric smooth muscle cells and its ability to release Ca(2+) by TPCs. We show that Ca(2+) signals mediated by NAADP were inhibited by disrupting Ca(2+) handling by either acidic organelles (using bafilomycin A1) or the Endoplasmic Reticulum (using thapsigargin, ryanodine or 2-APB). Transcripts for endogenous TPC1 and TPC2 were readily detected and recombinant TPCs localized to the endosomes and/or lysosomes. Overexpression of wild-type TPCs but not pore mutants enhanced NAADP-mediated cytosolic Ca(2+) signals. Desensitizing the NAADP pathway inhibited Ca(2+)-responses to extracellular stimulation with carbachol but not ATP. Taken together, these results indicate that NAADP likely induces Ca(2+) release from the endolysosomal system through TPCs which is subsequently amplified via the ER in an agonist-specific manner. Thus, we suggest a second messenger role for NAADP in smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo J S Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hanako Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia G do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta S Stilhano
- Interdisciplinary Center for Gene Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P Ureshino
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia C Medaglia
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sang W Han
- Interdisciplinary Center for Gene Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grant Churchill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Soraya S Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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138
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Imai SI, Guarente L. NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:464-71. [PMID: 24786309 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 900] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is a classical coenzyme mediating many redox reactions. NAD(+) also plays an important role in the regulation of NAD(+)-consuming enzymes, including sirtuins, poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), and CD38/157 ectoenzymes. NAD(+) biosynthesis, particularly mediated by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), and SIRT1 function together to regulate metabolism and circadian rhythm. NAD(+) levels decline during the aging process and may be an Achilles' heel, causing defects in nuclear and mitochondrial functions and resulting in many age-associated pathologies. Restoring NAD(+) by supplementing NAD(+) intermediates can dramatically ameliorate these age-associated functional defects, counteracting many diseases of aging, including neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the combination of sirtuin activation and NAD(+) intermediate supplementation may be an effective antiaging intervention, providing hope to aging societies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Leonard Guarente
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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139
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Wei W, Graeff R, Yue J. Roles and mechanisms of the CD38/cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose/Ca 2+ signaling pathway. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:58-67. [PMID: 24600514 PMCID: PMC3942542 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores is involved in many diverse cell functions, including: cell proliferation; differentiation; fertilization; muscle contraction; secretion of neurotransmitters, hormones and enzymes; and lymphocyte activation and proliferation. Cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) is an endogenous Ca2+ mobilizing nucleotide present in many cell types and species, from plants to animals. cADPR is formed by ADP-ribosyl cyclases from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The main ADP-ribosyl cyclase in mammals is CD38, a multi-functional enzyme and a type II membrane protein. It has been shown that many extracellular stimuli can induce cADPR production that leads to calcium release or influx, establishing cADPR as a second messenger. cADPR has been linked to a wide variety of cellular processes, but the molecular mechanisms regarding cADPR signaling remain elusive. The aim of this review is to summarize the CD38/cADPR/Ca2+ signaling pathway, focusing on the recent advances involving the mechanism and physiological functions of cADPR-mediated Ca2+ mobilization.
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140
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Ali RA, Zhelay T, Trabbic CJ, Walseth TF, Slama JT, Giovannucci DR, Wall KA. Activity of nicotinic acid substituted nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) analogs in a human cell line: difference in specificity between human and sea urchin NAADP receptors. Cell Calcium 2013; 55:93-103. [PMID: 24439527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is the most potent Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger that has been identified. We have previously shown that NAADP analogs substituted at the 5-position of nicotinic acid were recognized by the sea urchin receptor at low concentration, whereas the 4- substituted analogs were not as potent. However, to date the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these analogs has not been addressed in mammalian systems. Thus, we asked whether these structurally modified analogs behave similarly in an NAADP-responsive mammalian cell line (SKBR3) using microinjection and single cell fluorescent imaging methods. Novel "caged" 4- and 5-substituted NAADP analogs that were activated inside the cell by flash photolysis resulted in Ca2+ mobilizing activity in SKBR3 cells in a concentration dependent manner, but with reduced effectiveness compared to unmodified NAADP. The SAR in mammalian SKBR3 cells was quite different from that of sea urchin and may suggest that there are differences between NAADP receptors in different species or tissues. Importantly, these data indicate that modifications at the 4- and 5-position of the nicotinic acid ring may lead to the development of functional photoaffinity labels that could be used for receptor localization and isolation in mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan A Ali
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - Tetyana Zhelay
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - Christopher J Trabbic
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - Timothy F Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - James T Slama
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - David R Giovannucci
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States.
| | - Katherine A Wall
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States.
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141
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Sánchez-Tusie AA, Vasudevan SR, Churchill GC, Nishigaki T, Treviño CL. Characterization of NAADP-mediated calcium signaling in human spermatozoa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:531-6. [PMID: 24326068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) signaling in spermatozoa plays a crucial role during processes such as capacitation and release of the acrosome, but the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a potent Ca(2+)-releasing second messenger in a variety of cellular processes. The presence of a NAADP synthesizing enzyme in sea urchin sperm has been previously reported, suggesting a possible role of NAADP in sperm Ca(2+) signaling. In this work we used in vitro enzyme assays to show the presence of a novel NAADP synthesizing enzyme in human sperm, and to characterize its sensitivity to Ca(2+) and pH. Ca(2+) fluorescence imaging studies demonstrated that the permeable form of NAADP (NAADP-AM) induces intracellular [Ca(2+)] increases in human sperm even in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+). Using LysoTracker, a fluorescent probe that selectively accumulates in acidic compartments, we identified two such stores in human sperm cells. Their acidic nature was further confirmed by the reduction in staining intensity observed upon inhibition of the endo-lysosomal proton pump with Bafilomycin, or after lysosomal bursting with glycyl-l-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide. The selective fluorescent NAADP analog, Ned-19, stained the same subcellular regions as LysoTracker, suggesting that these stores are the targets of NAADP action.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Sánchez-Tusie
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - S R Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, England, UK
| | - G C Churchill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, England, UK
| | - T Nishigaki
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - C L Treviño
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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142
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Park KH, Kim BJ, Shawl AI, Han MK, Lee HC, Kim UH. Autocrine/paracrine function of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) for glucose homeostasis in pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35548-58. [PMID: 24165120 PMCID: PMC3853300 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.489278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a second messenger for mobilizing Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in various cell types. Extracellular application of NAADP has been shown to elicit intracellular Ca(2+) signals, indicating that it is readily transported into cells. However, little is known about the functional role of this NAADP uptake system. Here, we show that NAADP is effectively transported into selected cell types involved in glucose homeostasis, such as adipocytes and pancreatic β-cells, but not the acinar cells, in a high glucose-dependent manner. NAADP uptake was inhibitable by Ned-19, a NAADP mimic; dipyridamole, a nucleoside inhibitor; or NaN3, a metabolic inhibitor or under Ca(2+)-free conditions. Furthermore, NAADP was found to be released from pancreatic islets upon stimulation by high glucose. Consistently, administration of NAADP to type 2 diabetic mice improved glucose tolerance. We propose that NAADP is functioning as an autocrine/paracrine hormone important in glucose homeostasis. NAADP is thus a potential antidiabetic agent with therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hyun Park
- From the Department of Biochemistry
- the National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network
| | - Byung-Ju Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry
- the National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network
| | - Asif Iqbal Shawl
- From the Department of Biochemistry
- the National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network
| | | | - Hon Cheung Lee
- the School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry
- the National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network
- the Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 561-180, Korea and
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143
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Abstract
Much excitement surrounded the proposal that a family of endo-lysosomal channels, the two-pore channels (TPCs) were the long sought after targets of the Ca(2+) -mobilising messenger, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). However, the role of TPCs in NAADP signalling may be more complex than originally envisaged. First, NAADP may not bind directly to TPCs but via an accessory protein. Second, two papers recently challenged the notion that TPCs are NAADP-regulated Ca(2+) channels by suggesting that they are highly selective Na(+) channels regulated by the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate and by ATP. This paper aims critically to evaluate the evidence for TPCs as NAADP targets and to discuss how the new findings fit in with what we know about endo-lysosomal Ca(2+) stores.
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144
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Al-Abady ZN, Durante B, Moody AJ, Billington RA. Large changes in NAD levels associated with CD38 expression during HL-60 cell differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 442:51-5. [PMID: 24216102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
NAD is an important cofactor involved in multiple metabolic reactions and as a substrate for several NAD-dependent signalling enzymes. One such enzyme is CD38 which, alongside synthesising Ca(2+)-releasing second messengers and acting as a cell surface receptor, has also been suggested to play a key role in NAD(+) homeostasis. CD38 is well known as a negative prognostic marker in B-CLL but the role of its enzymatic activity has not been studied in depth to date. We have exploited the HL-60 cell line as a model of inducible CD38 expression, to investigate CD38-mediated regulation intracellular NAD(+) levels and the consequences of changes in NAD(+) levels on cell physiology. Intracellular NAD(+) levels fell with increasing CD38 expression and this was reversed with the CD38 inhibitor, kuromanin confirming the key role of CD38 in NAD(+) homeostasis. We also measured the consequences of CD38 expression during the differentiation on a number of functions linked to NAD(+) and we show that some but not all NAD(+)-dependent processes are significantly affected by the lowered NAD(+) levels. These data suggest that both functional roles of CD38 might be important in the pathogenesis of B-CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab N Al-Abady
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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145
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Berchtold MW, Villalobo A. The many faces of calmodulin in cell proliferation, programmed cell death, autophagy, and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:398-435. [PMID: 24188867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca(2+) receptor protein mediating a large number of signaling processes in all eukaryotic cells. CaM plays a central role in regulating a myriad of cellular functions via interaction with multiple target proteins. This review focuses on the action of CaM and CaM-dependent signaling systems in the control of vertebrate cell proliferation, programmed cell death and autophagy. The significance of CaM and interconnected CaM-regulated systems for the physiology of cancer cells including tumor stem cells, and processes required for tumor progression such as growth, tumor-associated angiogenesis and metastasis are highlighted. Furthermore, the potential targeting of CaM-dependent signaling processes for therapeutic use is discussed.
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Key Words
- (4-[3,5-bis-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-benzoic acid
- (4-[3,5-bis-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-phenyl)-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone
- (−) enantiomer of dihydropyrine 3-methyl-5-3-(4,4-diphenyl-1-piperidinyl)-propyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-piridine-3,5-dicarboxylate-hydrochloride (niguldipine)
- 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-l-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine
- 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate
- 2-chloro-(ε-amino-Lys(75))-[6-(4-(N,N′-diethylaminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-4-yl]-CaM adduct
- 3′-(β-chloroethyl)-2′,4′-dioxo-3,5′-spiro-oxazolidino-4-deacetoxy-vinblastine
- 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- B859-35
- CAPP(1)-CaM
- Ca(2+) binding protein
- Calmodulin
- Cancer biology
- Cell proliferation
- DMBA
- EBB
- FL-CaM
- FPCE
- HBC
- HBCP
- J-8
- KAR-2
- KN-62
- KN-93
- N-(4-aminobutyl)-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-8-aminooctyl-5-iodo-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-[2-[N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylaminomethyl]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide
- O-(4-ethoxyl-butyl)-berbamine
- RITC-CaM
- TA-CaM
- TFP
- TPA
- W-12
- W-13
- W-5
- W-7
- fluorescein-CaM adduct
- fluphenazine-N-2-chloroethane
- norchlorpromazine-CaM adduct
- rhodamine isothiocyanate-CaM adduct
- trifluoperazine
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Berchtold
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Biocenter 4-2-09 Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Antonio Villalobo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Department of Cancer Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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146
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Lam AK, Galione A. The endoplasmic reticulum and junctional membrane communication during calcium signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2542-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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147
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Plattner H. Calcium regulation in the protozoan model, Paramecium tetraurelia. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2013; 61:95-114. [PMID: 24001309 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Early in eukaryotic evolution, the cell has evolved a considerable inventory of proteins engaged in the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations, not only to avoid toxic effects but beyond that to exploit the signaling capacity of Ca(2+) by small changes in local concentration. Among protozoa, the ciliate Paramecium may now be one of the best analyzed models. Ciliary activity and exo-/endocytosis are governed by Ca(2+) , the latter by Ca(2+) mobilization from alveolar sacs and a superimposed store-operated Ca(2+) -influx. Paramecium cells possess plasma membrane- and endoplasmic reticulum-resident Ca(2+) -ATPases/pumps (PMCA, SERCA), a variety of Ca(2+) influx channels, including mechanosensitive and voltage-dependent channels in the plasma membrane, furthermore a plethora of Ca(2+) -release channels (CRC) of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and ryanodine receptor type in different compartments, notably the contractile vacuole complex and the alveolar sacs, as well as in vesicles participating in vesicular trafficking. Additional types of CRC probably also occur but they have not been identified at a molecular level as yet, as is the equivalent of synaptotagmin as a Ca(2+) sensor for exocytosis. Among established targets and sensors of Ca(2+) in Paramecium are calmodulin, calcineurin, as well as Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, all with multiple functions. Thus, basic elements of Ca(2+) signaling are available for Paramecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Plattner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, P.O. Box 5544, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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148
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The N-terminal region of two-pore channel 1 regulates trafficking and activation by NAADP. Biochem J 2013; 453:147-51. [PMID: 23634879 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TPCs (two-pore channels) are NAADP (nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate)-sensitive Ca2+-permeable ion channels expressed on acidic organelles. In the present study we show that deletion of the N-terminal region redirects TPC1 to the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). The introduction of fluorophores at the N-terminus of TPC1 does not affect its subcellular location, but does reversibly abolish NAADP sensitivity. Our results reveal a dual role for the N-terminus in localization and function of TPC1.
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149
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Orabi AI, Muili KA, Javed TA, Jin S, Jayaraman T, Lund FE, Husain SZ. Cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) mediates bile acid-induced acinar cell injury and pancreatitis through cyclic ADP-ribose and intracellular calcium release. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27128-27137. [PMID: 23940051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.494534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Ca(2+) signals within pancreatic acinar cells are an early and critical feature in acute pancreatitis, yet it is unclear how these signals are generated. An important mediator of the aberrant Ca(2+) signals due to bile acid exposure is the intracellular Ca(2+) channel ryanodine receptor. One putative activator of the ryanodine receptor is the nucleotide second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), which is generated by an ectoenzyme ADP-ribosyl cyclase, CD38. In this study, we examined the role of CD38 and cADPR in acinar cell Ca(2+) signals and acinar injury due to bile acids using pharmacologic inhibitors of CD38 and cADPR as well as mice deficient in Cd38 (Cd38(-/-)). Cytosolic Ca(2+) signals were imaged using live time-lapse confocal microscopy in freshly isolated mouse acinar cells during perifusion with the bile acid taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLCS; 500 μM). To focus on intracellular Ca(2+) release and to specifically exclude Ca(2+) influx, cells were perifused in Ca(2+)-free medium. Cell injury was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase leakage and propidium iodide uptake. Pretreatment with either nicotinamide (20 mM) or the cADPR antagonist 8-Br-cADPR (30 μM) abrogated TLCS-induced Ca(2+) signals and cell injury. TLCS-induced Ca(2+) release and cell injury were reduced by 30 and 95%, respectively, in Cd38-deficient acinar cells compared with wild-type cells (p < 0.05). Cd38-deficient mice were protected against a model of bile acid infusion pancreatitis. In summary, these data indicate that CD38-cADPR mediates bile acid-induced pancreatitis and acinar cell injury through aberrant intracellular Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thottala Jayaraman
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35213
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150
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Grozio A, Sociali G, Sturla L, Caffa I, Soncini D, Salis A, Raffaelli N, De Flora A, Nencioni A, Bruzzone S. CD73 protein as a source of extracellular precursors for sustained NAD+ biosynthesis in FK866-treated tumor cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25938-25949. [PMID: 23880765 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.470435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD(+) is mainly synthesized in human cells via the "salvage" pathways starting from nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, or nicotinamide riboside (NR). The inhibition with FK866 of the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), catalyzing the first reaction in the "salvage" pathway from nicotinamide, showed potent antitumor activity in several preclinical models of solid and hematologic cancers. In the clinical studies performed with FK866, however, no tumor remission was observed. Here we demonstrate that low micromolar concentrations of extracellular NAD(+) or NAD(+) precursors, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and NR, can reverse the FK866-induced cell death, this representing a plausible explanation for the failure of NAMPT inhibition as an anti-cancer therapy. NMN is a substrate of both ectoenzymes CD38 and CD73, with generation of NAM and NR, respectively. In this study, we investigated the roles of CD38 and CD73 in providing ectocellular NAD(+) precursors for NAD(+) biosynthesis and in modulating cell susceptibility to FK866. By specifically silencing or overexpressing CD38 and CD73, we demonstrated that endogenous CD73 enables, whereas CD38 impairs, the conversion of extracellular NMN to NR as a precursor for intracellular NAD(+) biosynthesis in human cells. Moreover, cell viability in FK866-treated cells supplemented with extracellular NMN was strongly reduced in tumor cells, upon pharmacological inhibition or specific down-regulation of CD73. Thus, our study suggests that genetic or pharmacologic interventions interfering with CD73 activity may prove useful to increase cancer cell sensitivity to NAMPT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Grozio
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR) and
| | - Giovanna Sociali
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR) and
| | - Laura Sturla
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR) and
| | - Irene Caffa
- the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy and
| | - Debora Soncini
- the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy and
| | - Annalisa Salis
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR) and
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- the Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio De Flora
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR) and
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy and
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR) and.
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