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Olmedilla-Alonso B, Beltrán-de-Miguel B, Estévez-Santiago R, Cuadrado-Vives C. Markers of lutein and zeaxanthin status in two age groups of men and women: dietary intake, serum concentrations, lipid profile and macular pigment optical density. Nutr J 2014; 13:52. [PMID: 24889185 PMCID: PMC4082277 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Lutein and zeaxanthin accumulate in retina (macular pigment). Their nutritional status can be assessed using dietary or biochemical markers and both have been associated with macular pigment optical density. We proposed to assess dietary and status markers of lutein and zeaxanthin in a group of healthy Spanish volunteers, considering the potential influence of age, gender and serum lipids to investigate the predictors of the macular pigment optical density. Methods Serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations, dietary intake and macular pigment optical density were determined in 108 healthy men and women (20–35 and 45–65 years), using high-performance liquid chromatography, 3-day food records and heterochromic flicker photometry, respectively. Mann–Whitney U-test, Spearman correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used for the statistical study. Results Serum concentrations and dietary intake of lutein plus zeaxanthin (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively) were higher in older vs younger subjects, whereas macular pigment optical density was lower (p = 0.038). The highest correlation coefficients between intake and serum were for fruit and serum lutein (ρ = 0.452, p < 0.0001) and for fruit and lutein + zeaxanthin (ρ = 0.431, p < 0.0001) in the younger group. Macular pigment optical density correlated with serum xanthophylls (ρ = 0.223, p = 0.02) and fruit and vegetable intake (ρ = 0.350, p = 0.0002), showing highest correlations when lutein and zeaxanthin were expressed in relation to serum lipids in older subjects (ρ = 0.262, p = 0.006). Multivariate regression analysis identified age and serum lutein as major predictors of macular pigment optical density (total sample), and a coefficient of determination of 29.7% for the model including lutein + zeaxathin/cholesterol + triglycerides, sex and fruit + vegetables in the older group. Conclusions The establishment of normal/reference ranges for serum lutein and zeaxanthin should consider age ranges and be expressed in relation to lipid concentrations, at least in subjects over 45 years, as this could influence macular pigment optical density. The macular pigment optical density showed age-specific correlations with lutein plus zeaxanthin expressed in relation to serum lipid concentrations as well as with the fruit and vegetable intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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102
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Heo JY, Kim S, Kang JH, Moon B. Determination of Lutein from Green Tea and Green Tea By-Products Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction and UPLC. J Food Sci 2014; 79:C816-21. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Heo
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang Univ; Anseoung-si Gyeonggi-do; 456-756 Korea
| | - Suna Kim
- Food and Nutrition in Home Economics; Korea National Open Univ; 169 Dongsung-Dong Jongno-Gu Seoul 110-791 Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kang
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang Univ; Anseoung-si Gyeonggi-do; 456-756 Korea
| | - BoKyung Moon
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang Univ; Anseoung-si Gyeonggi-do; 456-756 Korea
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103
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Raiola A, Rigano MM, Calafiore R, Frusciante L, Barone A. Enhancing the health-promoting effects of tomato fruit for biofortified food. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:139873. [PMID: 24744504 PMCID: PMC3972926 DOI: 10.1155/2014/139873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of tomato fruits, like those of many other plant species that are part of the human diet, is considered to be associated with several positive effects on health. Indeed, tomato fruits are an important source of bioactive compounds with known beneficial effects including vitamins, antioxidants, and anticancer substances. In particular, antioxidant metabolites are a group of vitamins, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and phenolic acid that can provide effective protection by neutralizing free radicals, which are unstable molecules linked to the development of a number of degenerative diseases and conditions. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress on tomatoes nutritional importance and mechanisms of action of different phytochemicals against inflammation processes and prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases (e.g., obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertension). In addition, we will summarize the significant progress recently made to improve the nutritional quality of tomato fruits through metabolic engineering and/or breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Raiola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Manuela Rigano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Calafiore
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Frusciante
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Barone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
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104
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Jaswir I, Shahidan N, Othman R, Has-Yun Hashim YZ, Octavianti F, Salleh MNB. Effects of Season and Storage Period on Accumulation of Individual Carotenoids in Pumpkin Flesh (Cucurbita moschata). J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:761-7. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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105
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Ho SH, Chan MC, Liu CC, Chen CY, Lee WL, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Enhancing lutein productivity of an indigenous microalga Scenedesmus obliquus FSP-3 using light-related strategies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 152:275-82. [PMID: 24296122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lutein, one of the main photosynthetic pigments, is a promising natural product with both nutritional and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, light-related strategies were applied to enhance the cell growth and lutein production of a lutein-rich microalga Scenedesmus obliquus FSP-3. The results demonstrate that using white LED resulted in better lutein production efficiency when compared to the other three monochromatic LEDs (red, blue, and green). The lutein productivity of S. obliquus FSP-3 was further improved by adjusting the type of light source and light intensity. The optimal lutein productivity of 4.08 mg/L/d was obtained when using a TL5 fluorescent lamp at a light intensity of 300 μmol/m(2)/s, and this performance is better than that reported in most related studies. Moreover, the time-course profile of lutein accumulation in the microalga shows that the maximal lutein content and productivity were obtained at the onset of nitrogen depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Ho
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chun Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Lee
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Air Force Academy, Gangshan, Kaohsiung 820, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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106
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Meynier A, Leborgne C, Viau M, Schuck P, Guichardant M, Rannou C, Anton M. N-3 fatty acid enriched eggs and production of egg yolk powders: an increased risk of lipid oxidation? Food Chem 2013; 153:94-100. [PMID: 24491705 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipid oxidation is generally favoured by thermal processing and long-term storage. Oxidised lipids can alter nutritional and sensorial properties of foods. As eggs are widely used in food industries in dried powder form, our aim was to determine whether compositional or processing parameters have an impact on lipid oxidation from the shell eggs up to the dried powders and subsequent storage. Two batches of shell eggs were processed: one issued from hens fed with a standard diet and another receiving a diet enriched in extruded linseed, rich in linolenic acid. The extent of lipid oxidation was evaluated by quantification of conjugated dienes (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but also by assessment of tocopherols, lutein and zeaxanthin losses. Results highlighted the remarkable oxidative stability of control and enriched yolk powders as revealed by a moderate increase of the quantities of CD and MDA, the lack of oxidised cholesterol and small loss of α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meynier
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - C Leborgne
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - M Viau
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - P Schuck
- INRA, UMR 1253, Sciences et Technologie du lait et de l'œuf, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - M Guichardant
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), IMBL/INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Rannou
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - M Anton
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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107
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Herrero-Barbudo C, Soldevilla B, Pérez-Sacristán B, Blanco-Navarro I, Herrera M, Granado-Lorencio F, Domínguez G. Modulation of DNA-induced damage and repair capacity in humans after dietary intervention with lutein-enriched fermented milk. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74135. [PMID: 24040187 PMCID: PMC3770700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary factors provide protection against several forms of DNA damage. Additionally, consumer demand for natural products favours the development of bioactive food ingredients with health benefits. Lutein is a promising biologically active component in the food industry. The EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies considers that protection from oxidative damage may be a beneficial physiological effect but that a cause and effect relationship has not been established. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the safety and potential functional effect of a lutein-enriched milk product using the Comet Assay in order to analyze the baseline, the induced DNA-damage and the repair capacity in the lymphocytes of 10 healthy donors before and after the intake of the mentioned product. Our data suggest that the regular consumption of lutein-enriched fermented milk results in a significant increase in serum lutein levels and this change is associated with an improvement in the resistance of DNA to damage and the capacity of DNA repair in lymphocytes. Our results also support the lack of a genotoxic effect at the doses supplied as well as the absence of interactions and side effects on other nutritional and biochemicals markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Soldevilla
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez-Sacristán
- Unidad de Vitaminas. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Blanco-Navarro
- Unidad de Vitaminas. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Herrera
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Granado-Lorencio
- Unidad de Vitaminas. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Domínguez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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108
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Plastids of marine phytoplankton produce bioactive pigments and lipids. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3425-71. [PMID: 24022731 PMCID: PMC3806458 DOI: 10.3390/md11093425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton is acknowledged to be a very diverse source of bioactive molecules. These compounds play physiological roles that allow cells to deal with changes of the environmental constrains. For example, the diversity of light harvesting pigments allows efficient photosynthesis at different depths in the seawater column. Identically, lipid composition of cell membranes can vary according to environmental factors. This, together with the heterogenous evolutionary origin of taxa, makes the chemical diversity of phytoplankton compounds much larger than in terrestrial plants. This contribution is dedicated to pigments and lipids synthesized within or from plastids/photosynthetic membranes. It starts with a short review of cyanobacteria and microalgae phylogeny. Then the bioactivity of pigments and lipids (anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-allergic activities, and cardio- neuro-, hepato- and photoprotective effects), alone or in combination, is detailed. To increase the cellular production of bioactive compounds, specific culture conditions may be applied (e.g., high light intensity, nitrogen starvation). Regardless of the progress made in blue biotechnologies, the production of bioactive compounds is still limited. However, some examples of large scale production are given, and perspectives are suggested in the final section.
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109
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Chan MC, Ho SH, Lee DJ, Chen CY, Huang CC, Chang JS. Characterization, extraction and purification of lutein produced by an indigenous microalga Scenedesmus obliquus CNW-N. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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110
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Boonnoun P, Nerome H, Machmudah S, Goto M, Shotipruk A. Supercritical anti-solvent micronization of chromatography purified marigold lutein using hexane and ethyl acetate solvent mixture. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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111
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Jones AMP, Baker R, Ragone D, Murch SJ. Identification of pro-vitamin A carotenoid-rich cultivars of breadfruit (Artocarpus, Moraceae). J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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112
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Diminishing risk for age-related macular degeneration with nutrition: a current view. Nutrients 2013; 5:2405-56. [PMID: 23820727 PMCID: PMC3738980 DOI: 10.3390/nu5072405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Clinical hallmarks of AMD are observed in one third of the elderly in industrialized countries. Preventative interventions through dietary modification are attractive strategies, because they are more affordable than clinical therapies, do not require specialists for administration and many studies suggest a benefit of micro- and macro-nutrients with respect to AMD with few, if any, adverse effects. The goal of this review is to provide information from recent literature on the value of various nutrients, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, lower glycemic index diets and, perhaps, some carotenoids, with regard to diminishing risk for onset or progression of AMD. Results from the upcoming Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) II intervention trial should be particularly informative.
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113
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Supercritical anti-solvent micronization of marigold-derived lutein dissolved in dichloromethane and ethanol. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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114
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Arunkumar R, Harish Prashanth KV, Baskaran V. Promising interaction between nanoencapsulated lutein with low molecular weight chitosan: characterization and bioavailability of lutein in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem 2013; 141:327-37. [PMID: 23768365 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to develop water-soluble low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) nanoencapsules with lutein to improve its bioavailability. Lutein-LMWC nanoencapsules were prepared, characterized and bioavailability was studied in vitro and in vivo with lutein in mixed micelles (control). The particle size ranged between 80-600 nm, which was confirmed by Atomic Force Microscope. The interaction between LMWC and lutein in nanocencapsules by (1)H and (13)C NMR showed the essentiality of water molecules to hold the lutein between LMWC chains of nanoparticle with a reversible weak bond. Bioavailability of lutein (200 μM) in vitro showed that lutein-LMWC nanoencapsules was significantly higher (27.7%) than control. Postprandial lutein level in the plasma (54.5%), liver (53.9%) and eyes (62.8%) of mice fed on nanoencapsulated lutein were higher than the control. LMWC may serve as novel carrier for enhancing the lutein bioavailability and can be suggested as the better dietary compound in food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranganathan Arunkumar
- Carotenoids and Health Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India
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115
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Carotenoid database of commonly eaten Swiss vegetables and their estimated contribution to carotenoid intake. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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116
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Kim S, Kim JS. Method Validation and Quantification of Lutein and Zeaxanthin from Green Leafy Vegetables using the UPLC System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2012.44.6.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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117
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Delchier N, Reich M, Renard CM. Impact of cooking methods on folates, ascorbic acid and lutein in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and spinach (Spinacea oleracea). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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118
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Di Silvestro R, Marotti I, Bosi S, Bregola V, Carretero AS, Sedej I, Mandic A, Sakac M, Benedettelli S, Dinelli G. Health-promoting phytochemicals of Italian common wheat varieties grown under low-input agricultural management. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2800-2810. [PMID: 22278616 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing interest in organic food products and environmental friendly practices has emphasised the importance of selecting crop varieties suitable for the low-input sector. Moreover, in recent years the relationship between diet and human health has gained much attention among consumers. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the agronomic performance and the nutrient and phytochemical composition of old and modern Italian wheat genotypes grown under low-input management. RESULTS Research highlighted that several old wheat genotypes were comparable to the modern ones in terms of agronomic performance and nutrient content. Genotype and environmental conditions (growing season), as well as their interaction, significantly affected the phytochemical composition of wheat grains for most of the analysed bioactive compounds. High variability was observed among the wheat genotypes for dietary fibre (154.7-183.3 g kg⁻¹), polyphenol (1.94-2.77 mg g⁻¹), tocopherol (9.1-21.2 mg kg⁻¹) and carotenoid (701.4-3243 µg kg⁻¹) content. CONCLUSION The comparative study of old and modern wheat varieties highlighted that, under low-input conditions, ancient genotypes may equal modern ones in terms of agronomic traits and additionally provide nutraceutical value-added wheat grains. The most promising ancient varieties for the unique phytochemical profiles are Gentil rosso, Marzuolo d'aqui and Verna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Di Silvestro
- Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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119
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Hammershøj M, Steenfeldt S. The effects of kale (Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala), basil (Ocimum basilicum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) as forage material in organic egg production on egg quality. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:245-56. [PMID: 22646790 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.681770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
1. In organic egg production, forage material as part of the diet for laying hens is mandatory. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of feeding with forage materials including maize silage, herbs or kale on egg production and various egg quality parameters of the shell, yolk colour, egg albumen, sensory properties, fatty acid and carotenoid composition of the egg yolk. 2. A total of 5 dietary treatments were tested for 5 weeks, consisting of a basal organic feed plus 120 g/hen.d of the following forage materials: 1) maize silage (control), 2) maize silage incl. 15 g/kg basil, 3) maize silage incl. 30 g/kg basil, 4) maize silage incl. 15 g/kg thyme, or 5) fresh kale leaves. Each was supplied to three replicates of 20 hens. A total of 300 hens was used. 3. Feed intake, forage intake and laying rate did not differ with treatment, but egg weight and egg mass produced increased significantly with the kale treatment. 4. The egg shell strength tended to be higher with the kale treatment, and egg yolk colour was significantly more red with the kale treatment and more yellow with basil and kale treatments. The albumen DM content and albumen gel strength were lowest with the thyme treatment. By sensory evaluation, the kale treatment resulted in eggs with less sulphur aroma, higher yolk colour score, and more sweet and less watery albumen taste. Furthermore, the eggs of the kale treatment had significantly higher lutein and β-carotene content. Also, violaxanthin, an orange xanthophyll, tended to be higher in kale and eggs from hens receiving kale. 5. In conclusion, forage material, especially basil and kale, resulted in increased egg production and eggs of high and differentiable quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hammershøj
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, DK-8830, Denmark.
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120
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Mezzomo N, Paz ED, Maraschin M, Martín Á, Cocero MJ, Ferreira SR. Supercritical anti-solvent precipitation of carotenoid fraction from pink shrimp residue: Effect of operational conditions on encapsulation efficiency. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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121
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Molecular and physico-chemical evaluation of enzymatic browning of whole meal and dough in a collection of tetraploid wheats. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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122
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Weikel KA, Chiu CJ, Taylor A. Nutritional modulation of age-related macular degeneration. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 33:318-75. [PMID: 22503690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly worldwide. It affects 30-50 million individuals and clinical hallmarks of AMD are observed in at least one third of persons over the age of 75 in industrialized countries (Gehrs et al., 2006). Costs associated with AMD are in excess of $340 billion US (American-Health-Assistance-Foundation, 2012). The majority of AMD patients in the United States are not eligible for clinical treatments (Biarnes et al., 2011; Klein et al., 2011). Preventive interventions through dietary modulation are attractive strategies because many studies suggest a benefit of micro- and macronutrients with respect to AMD, as well as other age-related debilities, and with few, if any, adverse effects (Chiu, 2011). Preservation of vision would enhance quality of life for millions of elderly people, and alleviate the personal and public health financial burden of AMD (Frick et al., 2007; Wood et al., 2011). Observational studies indicate that maintaining adequate levels of omega-3 fatty acids (i.e. with 2 servings/week of fish) or a low glycemic index diet may be particularly beneficial for early AMD and that higher levels of carotenoids may be protective, most probably, against neovascular AMD. Intervention trials are needed to better understand the full effect of these nutrients and/or combinations of nutrients on retinal health. Analyses that describe effects of a nutrient on onset and/or progress of AMD are valuable because they indicate the value of a nutrient to arrest AMD at the early stages. This comprehensive summary provides essential information about the value of nutrients with regard to diminishing risk for onset or progress of AMD and can serve as a guide until data from ongoing intervention trials are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Weikel
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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123
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Preparation, characterization, and in vitro release investigation of lutein/zein nanoparticles via solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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124
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Fernández-Sevilla JM, Fernández FGA, Grima EM. Obtaining lutein-rich extract from microalgal biomass at preparative scale. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 892:307-14. [PMID: 22623312 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-879-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lutein extracts are in increasing demand due to their alleged role in the prevention of degenerative disorders such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Lutein extracts are currently obtained from plant sources, but microalgae have been demonstrated to be a competitive source likely to become an alternative. The extraction of lutein from microalgae posesses specific problems that arise from the different structure and composition of the source biomass. Here is presented a method for the recovery of lutein-rich carotenoid extracts from microalgal biomass in the kilogram scale.
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125
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Beleggia R, Platani C, Nigro F, Papa R. Yellow Pigment Determination for Single Kernels of Durum Wheat (Triticum durumDesf.). Cereal Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-02-11-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Beleggia
- CRA Cereal Research Centre, S.S. 16 Km 675, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Corresponding author. Phone: +39-0881-742972. Fax: +39-0881-713150. E-mail:
| | | | - Franca Nigro
- CRA Cereal Research Centre, S.S. 16 Km 675, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberto Papa
- CRA Cereal Research Centre, S.S. 16 Km 675, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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126
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Sato Y, Kobayashi M, Itagaki S, Hirano T, Noda T, Mizuno S, Sugawara M, Iseki K. Protective effect of lutein after ischemia-reperfusion in the small intestine. Food Chem 2011; 127:893-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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127
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Study of Xanthophyll Concentration in Spinach Leaves by Means of HPLC Coupled with UV–VIS and Corona CAD Detectors. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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128
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related cataract is a major cause of morbidity. Previous studies of diet and cataract risk have focused on specific nutrients or healthy eating indexes but not on identifiable dietary groups such as vegetarians. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between diet and cataract risk in a population that has a wide range of diets and includes a high proportion of vegetarians. DESIGN We used Cox proportional hazards regression to study cataract risk in relation to baseline dietary and lifestyle characteristics of 27,670 self-reported nondiabetic participants aged ≥40 y at recruitment in the Oxford (United Kingdom) arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Oxford) by using data from the Hospital Episode Statistics in England and Scottish Morbidity Records. RESULTS There was a strong relation between cataract risk and diet group, with a progressive decrease in risk of cataract in high meat eaters to low meat eaters, fish eaters (participants who ate fish but not meat), vegetarians, and vegans. After multivariable adjustment, incidence rate ratios (95% CIs) for moderate meat eaters (50-99 g meat/d), low meat eaters (<50 g meat/d), fish eaters, vegetarians, and vegans compared with high-meat eaters (≥100 g meat/d) were 0.96 (0.84, 1.11), 0.85 (0.72, 0.99), 0.79 (0.65, 0.97), 0.70 (0.58, 0.84), and 0.60 (0.38, 0.96), respectively (P < 0.001 for heterogeneity). Associations between cataract risk and intakes of selected nutrients and foods generally reflected the strong association with diet group. CONCLUSION Vegetarians were at lower risk of cataract than were meat eaters in this cohort of health-conscious British residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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129
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Laur LM, Tian L. Provitamin A and vitamin C contents in selected California-grown cantaloupe and honeydew melons and imported melons. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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130
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Sato Y, Kobayashi M, Itagaki S, Hirano T, Noda T, Mizuno S, Sugawara M, Iseki K. Pharmacokinetic properties of lutein emulsion after oral administration to rats and effect of food intake on plasma concentration of lutein. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2011; 32:151-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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131
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Yuhas R, Mccormick M, Yachetti S, Burgher AM, Kong K, Walsh J. A Method for the Measurement of Lutein in Infant Formula. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2011.22020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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132
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Quilliot D, Forbes A, Dubois F, Gueant JL, Ziegler O. Carotenoid deficiency in chronic pancreatitis: the effect of an increase in tomato consumption. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 65:262-8. [PMID: 21119697 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Carotenoids are potentially malabsorbed in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the prevalence of low levels of each of the major carotenoids in subjects with CP; (2) to compare carotenoids in CP subjects with or without vascular disease and (3) to test the effect of an increase in dietary lycopene intake in patients with low plasma lycopene concentration. SUBJECTS/METHODS Simultaneous determination of carotenoids was done in 80 patients with CP and 20 healthy subjects, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Of the CP patients who had low lycopene concentration, 22 (<120 μg/l) had to consume daily 40 g tomato paste (approximately 24 mg lycopene). RESULTS Of these patients, 84.7% had at least one carotenoid deficiency and 27.5% had more than four carotenoid deficiencies. Low plasma concentrations in β-carotene and lycopene were correlated, in CP group, with a low body mass index (BMI), a low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration, alcohol consumption and current smoking status, whereas low plasma concentration in β-cryptoxanthine was correlated with a low BMI, a low LDL cholesterol concentration and alcohol consumption. Lycopene concentration was decreased in patients with vascular disease (171±197 vs 99±72 μg/l; P=0.02). After an intervention period of 8±2 months, lycopene concentration increased from 67.5±30 to 121.8±102 μg/l (P=0.025). CONCLUSION Carotenoid concentrations are dramatically decreased in CP, especially lycopene in CP patients with vascular disease. Despite malabsorption, it is possible to increase lycopene plasma concentration by increasing heated tomato consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Quilliot
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM-CHU, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Toul cedex, France.
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133
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Song HS, Kim HR, Kim MC, Hwang YH, Sim SS. Lutein is a competitive inhibitor of cytosolic Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:1711-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
We have investigated the effect of lutein on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) isozymes.
Methods
We measured arachidonic acid release in [3H]arachidonic acid-labelled Raw 264.7 cells and PLA2 activity using 1-palmitoyl-2-[14C]arachidonyl phosphatidylcholine ([14C]AA-PC) and 10-pyrene phosphatidylcholine in vitro.
Key findings
Lutein suppressed the release of arachidonic acid and inhibited Raw 264.7 cell-derived cytosolic Ca2+-dependent PLA2 (cPLA2)-induced hydrolysis of [14C]AA-PC in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, lutein did not affect secretory Ca2+-dependent PLA2 (sPLA2)-induced hydrolysis of [14C]AA-PC. A Dixon plot showed that the inhibition by lutein on cPLA2 appeared to be competitive with an inhibition constant, Ki, of 13.6 µm.
Conclusions
We suggest that lutein acted as a competitive inhibitor of cPLA2 but did not affect sPLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Sun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Hee Rae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Myung Cheul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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134
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Murillo E, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Portugal F. Screening of vegetables and fruits from Panama for rich sources of lutein and zeaxanthin. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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135
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Nuss ET, Tanumihardjo SA. Maize: A Paramount Staple Crop in the Context of Global Nutrition. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:417-436. [PMID: 33467836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The maize plant (Zea mays), characterized by an erect green stalk, is one of the 3 great grain crops of the world. Its kernels, like other seeds, are storage organs that contain essential components for plant growth and reproduction. Many of these kernel constituents, including starch, protein, and some micronutrients, are also required for human health. For this reason, and others, maize has become highly integrated into global agriculture, human diet, and cultural traditions. The nutritional quality and integrity of maize kernels are influenced by many factors including genetic background, environment, and kernel processing. Cooking procedures, including nixtamalization and fermentation, can increase accessibility of micronutrients such as niacin. However, man cannot live on maize alone. For one-third of the world's population, namely in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America, humans subsist on maize as a staple food but malnutrition pervades. Strategies to further improve kernel macronutrient and micronutrient quality and quantities are under intense investigation. The 2 most common routes to enhance grain nutritional value are exogenous and endogenous fortification. Although exogenous fortification, such as addition of multivitamin premixes to maize flour, has been successful, endogenous fortification, also known as "biofortification," may provide a more sustainable and practical solution for chronically undernourished communities. Recent accomplishments, such as low-phytate, high-lysine, and multivitamin maize varieties, have been created using novel genetic and agronomic approaches. Investigational studies related to biofortified maize are currently underway to determine nutrient absorption and efficacy related to human health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily T Nuss
- Authors are with Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A. Direct inquiries to author Tanumihardjo (E-mail: )
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Authors are with Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A. Direct inquiries to author Tanumihardjo (E-mail: )
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136
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New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre? Nutr Res Rev 2010; 23:65-134. [PMID: 20565994 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422410000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have clearly shown that whole-grain cereals can protect against obesity, diabetes, CVD and cancers. The specific effects of food structure (increased satiety, reduced transit time and glycaemic response), fibre (improved faecal bulking and satiety, viscosity and SCFA production, and/or reduced glycaemic response) and Mg (better glycaemic homeostasis through increased insulin secretion), together with the antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties of numerous bioactive compounds, especially those in the bran and germ (minerals, trace elements, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and alkylresorcinols), are today well-recognised mechanisms in this protection. Recent findings, the exhaustive listing of bioactive compounds found in whole-grain wheat, their content in whole-grain, bran and germ fractions and their estimated bioavailability, have led to new hypotheses. The involvement of polyphenols in cell signalling and gene regulation, and of sulfur compounds, lignin and phytic acid should be considered in antioxidant protection. Whole-grain wheat is also a rich source of methyl donors and lipotropes (methionine, betaine, choline, inositol and folates) that may be involved in cardiovascular and/or hepatic protection, lipid metabolism and DNA methylation. Potential protective effects of bound phenolic acids within the colon, of the B-complex vitamins on the nervous system and mental health, of oligosaccharides as prebiotics, of compounds associated with skeleton health, and of other compounds such as alpha-linolenic acid, policosanol, melatonin, phytosterols and para-aminobenzoic acid also deserve to be studied in more depth. Finally, benefits of nutrigenomics to study complex physiological effects of the 'whole-grain package', and the most promising ways for improving the nutritional quality of cereal products are discussed.
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137
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O'Sullivan L, Jiwan MA, Daly T, O'Brien NM, Aherne SA. Bioaccessibility, uptake, and transport of carotenoids from peppers (Capsicum spp.) using the coupled in vitro digestion and human intestinal Caco-2 cell model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:5374-5379. [PMID: 20329773 DOI: 10.1021/jf100413m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Spanish bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) and chili peppers sourced from Kenya and Turkey were analyzed for their carotenoid content, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability. The order of total carotenoid content in peppers and their respective micelles was red > green > yellow. In terms of cellular carotenoid transport as a percentage of original food and micelle content, the order was yellow peppers > green > red; however, the opposite trend was seen for the actual amount of total carotenoids transported by Caco-2 cells. Although lutein was generally the most abundant carotenoid in the micelles (496.3-1565.7 microg 100 g(-1)), cellular uptake and transport of beta-carotene were the highest, 8.3-31.6 and 16.8-42.7%, respectively. Hence, the actual amount of carotenoids present in the original food and respective micelles seems to reflect the amount transported by Caco-2 cells. Therefore, color influenced the carotenoid profile, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of carotenoids rather than pepper type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie O'Sullivan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
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138
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Moyano MJ, Heredia FJ, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. The Color of Olive Oils: The Pigments and Their Likely Health Benefits and Visual and Instrumental Methods of Analysis. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:278-291. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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139
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Hammershøj M, Kidmose U, Steenfeldt S. Deposition of carotenoids in egg yolk by short-term supplement of coloured carrot (Daucus carota) varieties as forage material for egg-laying hens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:1163-1171. [PMID: 20393997 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplying egg-laying hens with different forage materials may influence egg production and quality. The aim of this study was to examine the short-term effects of standard feed plus 70 g day(-1) per hen of three coloured carrot varieties (orange, yellow and purple) as forage material in comparison with a standard feed control on egg production, egg yolk colour and deposition of carotenoids in the yolk. RESULTS Carrot supplementation reduced feed intakes significantly, but not on a dry matter basis. Orange carrot treatment significantly reduced egg mass production, whereas yellow and purple carrot treatments did not differ from the control. Egg and yolk weights of all carrot-supplemented treatments were significantly lower than those of the control, but yolk percentages were similar. Yolk redness increased significantly in the order control < yellow < orange < purple. A similar trend was seen for yolk yellowness, but yellow and orange carrots reached the same level. Yolk colour and carotenoid contents correlated positively and significantly. In particular, purple carrot treatment increased the yolk content of lutein (>1.5-fold) and beta-carotene (>100-fold) compared with the control. CONCLUSION Supplementing the feed of egg-laying hens with coloured carrots efficiently increased yolk colour parameters and carotenoid contents, which gives opportunities for improved nutritional value of eggs from forage material-supplemented hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Hammershøj
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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140
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Wang XC, Chen L, Ma CL, Yao MZ, Yang YJ. Genotypic variation of beta-carotene and lutein contents in tea germplasms, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. J Food Compost Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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141
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Biotechnological production of lutein and its applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 86:27-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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142
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Ma L, Lin XM. Effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on aspects of eye health. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:2-12. [PMID: 20355006 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lutein and zeaxanthin are members of the oxygenated carotenoids found particularly in egg yolks and dark-green leafy vegetables. A great deal of research has focused on their beneficial roles in eye health. The present article summarises the current literature related to the bioactivity of these carotenoids, emphasising their effects and possible mechanisms of action in relation to human eye health. Available evidence demonstrates that lutein and zeaxanthin are widely distributed in a number of body tissues and are uniquely concentrated in the retina and lens, indicating that each has a possible specific function in these two vital ocular tissues. Most of epidemiological studies and clinical trials support the notion that lutein and zeaxanthin have a potential role in the prevention and treatment of certain eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, cataract and retinitis pigmentosa. The biological mechanisms for the protective effects of these carotenoids may include powerful blue-light filtering activities and antioxidant properties. Although most studies point towards significant health benefits from lutein and zeaxanthin, further large-scale randomised supplementation trials are needed to define their effects on ocular function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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143
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VELPANDIAN T, ARORA B, SENTHILKUMARI S, RAVI AK, GAYATHRI C, AZAD R, GHOSE S. Regional Variation in the Levels of Macular Xanthophylls and Carotenoids in Dietary Components: Comparing North and South India. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2010; 56:411-20. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.56.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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144
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Maiani G, Castón MJP, Catasta G, Toti E, Cambrodón IG, Bysted A, Granado-Lorencio F, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Knuthsen P, Valoti M, Böhm V, Mayer-Miebach E, Behsnilian D, Schlemmer U. Carotenoids: actual knowledge on food sources, intakes, stability and bioavailability and their protective role in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53 Suppl 2:S194-218. [PMID: 19035552 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are one of the major food micronutrients in human diets and the overall objective of this review is to re-examine the role of carotenoids in human nutrition. We have emphasized the attention on the following carotenoids present in food and human tissues: beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin; we have reported the major food sources and dietary intake of these compounds. We have tried to summarize positive and negative effects of food processing, storage, cooking on carotenoid content and carotenoid bioavailability. In particular, we have evidenced the possibility to improve carotenoids bioavailability in accordance with changes and variations of technology procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maiani
- Unit of Human Nutrition, National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Rome, Italy.
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Müller-Waldeck F, Sitzmann J, Schnitzler WH, Grassmann J. Determination of toxic perilla ketone, secondary plant metabolites and antioxidative capacity in five Perilla frutescens L. varieties. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 48:264-70. [PMID: 19833165 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perilla frutescens L. is a traditional Asian crop with multiple uses. Several varieties exist but only little data is available about the content of the toxic perilla ketone and secondary plant metabolites of those genotypes. To estimate the nutritional value of this new vegetable more information about those components is necessary. We investigated five genotypes of P. frutescens L. to determine their content of PK, phenolics, carotenoids and AC. AC was examined using ABTS-decolorization assay and lipid peroxidation assay. Carotenoids were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis, phenolics were quantified by means of Folin-Ciocalteu and PK was identified by GC/MS. Two genotypes were found to contain PK, a potent lung toxin, and are therefore not suitable for consumption. The phenolic content and corresponding antioxidative capacity of all genotypes is considerably high compared to other vegetables. All genotypes moreover contain notably high concentrations of carotenoids with contents up to fivefold higher than in other carotenoid rich vegetables. The results indicate that there are several genotypes which are not suitable for consumption due to their content of PK. However PK free genotypes are rich sources of natural antioxidants, and may therefore be considered as a novel vegetable with health promoting properties.
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146
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Hamułka J, Wawrzyniak A, Gadomska M, Gronowska-Senger AB, Bawa S. The influence of selected demographic and lifestyle factors on lutein intakes by groups of Polish women. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60 Suppl 7:109-15. [DOI: 10.1080/09637480802651543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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147
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Kopsell DA, Armel GR, Mueller TC, Sams CE, Deyton DE, McElroy JS, Kopsell DE. Increase in nutritionally important sweet corn kernel carotenoids following Mesotrione and atrazine applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6362-6368. [PMID: 19537793 DOI: 10.1021/jf9013313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide mesotrione inhibits a critical enzyme, phytoene desaturase, in plant carotenoid biosynthesis. Mesotrione is currently labeled for selective weed control in sweet corn ( Zea mays var. rugosa). Mesotrione applied alone, or in mixtures with the photosystem II inhibitor atrazine, acted to increase concentrations of kernel antheraxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin carotenoids in several sweet corn genotypes. Kernel lutein and zeaxanthin levels significantly increased 15.6% after mesotrione + atrazine early postemergence applications, as compared to the control treatment. It appears that mesotrione applications resulted in greater pools of kernel carotenoids once the sweet corn genotypes expressing moderate injury overcame the initial herbicidal photo-oxidative stress. This is the first report of herbicides directly up-regulating the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in corn kernels, which is associated with the nutritional quality of sweet corn. Enhanced accumulation of lutein and zeaxanthin is important because dietary carotenoids function in suppressing aging eye diseases such as macular degeneration, now affecting 1.75 million older Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Kopsell
- Plant Sciences Department, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We used conventional and hierarchical logistic regression to examine the association of neural tube defects (NTDs) with intake of 26 nutrients that contribute to the mechanistic pathways of methylation, glycemic control, and oxidative stress, all of which have been implicated in NTD etiology. The hierarchical approach produces more plausible, more stable estimates than the conventional approach, while adjusting for potential confounding by other nutrients. METHODS Analyses included 386 cases and 408 nonmalformed controls with complete data on nutrients and potential confounders (race/ethnicity, education, obesity, and intake of vitamin supplements) from a population-based case-control study of deliveries in California from 1989 to 1991. Nutrients were specified as continuous, and their units were standardized to have a mean of zero and standard deviation (SD) of 1 for comparability of units across pathways. ORs reflect a 1-SD increase in the corresponding nutrient. RESULTS Among women who took vitamin supplements, semi-Bayesian hierarchical modeling results suggested no associations between nutrient intake and NTDs. Among women who did not take supplements, both conventional and hierarchical models (HM) suggested an inverse association between lutein intake and NTD risk (HM odds ratio [OR] = 0.6; 95% confidence interval = 0.5-0.9) and a positive association with sucrose (HM OR 1.4; 1.1-1.8) and glycemic index (HM OR 1.3; 1.0-1.6). CONCLUSIONS Our findings for lutein, glycemic index, and sucrose suggest that further study of NTDs and the glycemic control and oxidative stress pathways is warranted.
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Xanthophyll (lutein, zeaxanthin) content in fruits, vegetables and corn and egg products. J Food Compost Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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