101
|
Duan L, Wang Y, Li SSC, Wan Z, Zhai J. Rapid and simultaneous detection of human hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus antibodies based on a protein chip assay using nano-gold immunological amplification and silver staining method. BMC Infect Dis 2005; 5:53. [PMID: 15998472 PMCID: PMC1182366 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-5-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Viral hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are major public health problems all over the world. Traditional detection methods including polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are expensive and time-consuming. In our assay, a protein chip assay using Nano-gold Immunological Amplification and Silver Staining (NIASS) method was applied to detect HBV and HCV antibodies rapidly and simultaneously. Methods Chemically modified glass slides were used as solid supports (named chip), on which several antigens, including HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAg and HCVAg (a mixture of NS3, NS5 and core antigens) were immobilized respectively. Colloidal nano-gold labelled staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was used as an indicator and immunogold silver staining enhancement technique was applied to amplify the detection signals, producing black image on array spots, which were visible with naked eyes. To determine the detection limit of the protein chip assay, a set of model arrays in which human IgG was spotted were structured and the model arrays were incubated with different concentrations of anti-IgG. A total of 305 serum samples previously characterized with commercial ELISA were divided into 4 groups and tested in this assay. Results We prepared mono-dispersed, spherical nano-gold particles with an average diameter of 15 ± 2 nm. Colloidal nano-gold-SPA particles observed by TEM were well-distributed, maintaining uniform and stable. The optimum silver enhancement time ranged from 8 to 12 minutes. In our assay, the protein chips could detect serum antibodies against HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAg and HCVAg with the absence of the cross reaction. In the model arrays, the anti-IgG as low as 3 ng/ml could be detected. The data for comparing the protein chip assay with ELISA indicated that no distinct difference (P > 0.05) existed between the results determined by our assay and ELISA respectively. Conclusion Results showed that our assay can be applied with serology for the detection of HBV and HCV antibodies rapidly and simultaneously in clinical detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Duan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefu Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shawn Shun-cheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Zhixiang Wan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhai
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Biagini RE, Sammons DL, Smith JP, MacKenzie BA, Striley CAF, Robertson SA, Snawder JE, Quinn CP. Simultaneous measurement of specific serum IgG responses to five select agents. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1027-34. [PMID: 15931499 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 02/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Select Agents are defined by CDC and the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) as biological agents or toxins deemed a threat to public, animal, or plant health, or to animal or plant products. They are classified on the basis of their ease of dissemination, mortality/morbidity rate, and potential for social disruption. A subset of these agents includes Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, ricin toxin (RT), and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Infection or intoxication with these agents has been shown to elicit an antigen-specific serum IgG response. We describe a fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (FCMIA) for measurement of specific IgG antibodies to seven different antigens from five different select agents; B. anthracis [protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF)], Y. pestis (F1 and V antigens), F. tularensis, RT and SEB simultaneously in human B. anthracis vaccinee sera (containing anti-PA and anti-LF IgG) which had been spiked with animal specific IgG antibodies to the other select agents. Inter-assay and intra-assay coefficients of variation were 6.5 and 13.4%, respectively (N = 4). There were no significant differences (P > 0.70) between assay responses when the assays were performed individually or multiplexed. When the observed versus expected interpolated concentrations were compared, highly linear relationships were observed (r2 values from 0.981 to 0.999, P < 0.001). Minimum detectable concentrations (MDC) ranged from 0.3 ng mL(-1) (Y. pestis F1) to 300 ng mL(-1) (RT). Finally, the curves showed responses were linear for most analytes from their MDC to 125 (SEB) to 1,300 (Y. pestis F1) x their MDC. These data indicate that multiplexed FCMIA is a sensitive and accurate method for simultaneous measurement of specific IgG in serum to CDC select agents and may be of value in screening either decontamination workers or the general population for exposure to/infection with these agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R E Biagini
- Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Qiu M, Shi Y, Guo Z, Chen Z, He R, Chen R, Zhou D, Dai E, Wang X, Si B, Song Y, Li J, Yang L, Wang J, Wang H, Pang X, Zhai J, Du Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Wang J, Sun B, Yang R. Antibody responses to individual proteins of SARS coronavirus and their neutralization activities. Microbes Infect 2005; 7:882-9. [PMID: 15878679 PMCID: PMC7110836 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV), was identified as the causative agent of SARS. The profile of specific antibodies to individual proteins of the virus is critical to the development of vaccine and diagnostic tools. In this study, 13 recombinant proteins associated with four structural proteins (S, E, M and N) and five putative uncharacterized proteins (3a, 3b, 6, 7a and 9b) of the SARS-CoV were prepared and used for screening and monitoring their specific IgG antibodies in SARS patient sera by protein microarray. Antibodies to proteins S, 3a, N and 9b were detected in the sera from convalescent-phase SARS patients, whereas those to proteins E, M, 3b, 6 and 7a were undetected. In the detectable specific antibodies, anti-S and anti-N were dominant and could persist in the sera of SARS patients until week 30. Among the rabbit antisera to recombinant proteins S3, N, 3a and 9b, only anti-S3 serum showed significant neutralizing activity to the SARS-CoV infection in Vero E6 cells. The results suggest (1) that anti-S and anti-N antibodies are diagnostic markers and in particular that S3 is immunogenic and therefore is a good candidate as a subunit vaccine antigen; and (2) that, from a virus structure viewpoint, the presence in some human sera of antibodies reacting with two recombinant polypeptides, 3a and 9b, supports the hypothesis that they are synthesized during the virus cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maofeng Qiu
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 20, Dongdajie, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
104
|
Cretich M, Pirri G, Damin F, Solinas I, Chiari M. A new polymeric coating for protein microarrays. Anal Biochem 2005; 332:67-74. [PMID: 15301950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in arraying proteins in a high-density format, several technical issues still impede the development of protein microarray technology. One of the major problems is the availability of substrates that are able to bind native proteins with high density. In this study, we investigated the suitability of a novel surface as a support for protein microarrays. A polymeric glass coating is obtained by physical adsorption of a N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), N,N-acryloyloxysuccinimide (NAS), and [3-(methacryloyl-oxy)propyl]trimethoxysilyl (MAPS) copolymer. The coating procedure provides a fast and inexpensive method of producing hydrophilic functional surfaces. The slide performance was investigated in a protein-protein interaction experiment and in the assessment of rheumatoid factor (RF) in human serum samples. The results demonstrate that the ligands immobilized on the polymeric surface maintain an active conformation and are easily accessible, providing a detection limit of 54amol/spot. Moreover, in the RF assay, after hybridization with the sera, the slides have a low background, leading to a detection limit of 900amol/spot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cretich
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
Lu DD, Chen SH, Zhang SM, Zhang ML, Zhang W, Bo XC, Wang SQ. Screening of specific antigens for SARS clinical diagnosis using a protein microarray. Analyst 2005; 130:474-82. [PMID: 15776156 DOI: 10.1039/b415888a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study several SARS-CoV structural proteins and fragments were expressed in E. coli as GST or TRX fusion proteins. They were fabricated on a microarray and tested with sera from SARS patients. Antigenic screening indicated that recombinant GST-N2 fusion protein, the carboxy-terminus 213aa-423aa of N protein, was strongest positive and weakest non-specific compared with others. An indirect antibody ELISA method was developed and clinical positive and negative sera for their antibodies against GST-N2 fusion protein were assayed. 311 out of the 442 sera from clinical SARS inpatients, as well as 229 out of 302 sera from convalescent patients gave positive reactivities; positive rates were 70.4% and 75.8% respectively. Sera from a total of 2726 non-SARS patients and healthy individuals were tested and the false positive rate was only 0.07%. When the sensitivity control sample was diluted 1 : 64, it yielded OD values above the cutoff value. Reported data showed that this was a relatively high degree of sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV antibody testing. The data indicate that GST-N2 fusion protein, which was screened by protein microarray, may be a valuable diagnostic antigen for the development of serological assays for SARS. In addition, protein microarray assay presents a higher positive rate and sensitivity (86.1% and 1 : 200) compared with the traditional ELISA screening method, and could provide a rapid, parallel and high-throughput antigen screening platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Lu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
106
|
Ito Y, Nogawa M, Takeda M, Shibuya T. Photo-reactive polyvinylalcohol for photo-immobilized microarray. Biomaterials 2005; 26:211-6. [PMID: 15207468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2003] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new photo-reactive polymer, polyvinylalcohol modified with phenylazido groups, was synthesized as a microarray matrix. The polymer is soluble in water and spin-coated onto glass plate. Aqueous solutions of proteins were micro-spotted onto the coated glass and were fixed by ultraviolet light irradiation. Subsequently, cell adhesion on the photo-immobilized protein microarray was investigated. Non-specific adhesion of cells onto non-protein-spotted regions was reduced in comparison with the previously prepared microarray chip (Biomaterials 24 (2003) 3021). The adhesion behavior of cells depended on the kind of immobilized proteins and the type of cells. The microarray will be useful for cell diagnosis and for the selection of biomaterials to regulate cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ito
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Regenerative Medical Bioreactor Project, KSP East 309, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
107
|
Hervás F. Chip-mediated techniques: how close are we to generalised use in the infectious disease clinic? Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10:865-7. [PMID: 15373878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This could be the beginning of a new molecular era for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Biological chips (biochips or microarrays and labchips) offer a potentially important shortcut to early diagnosis and treatment. It is also possible to develop multiplex assays for use in complex diagnostic situations; however, this technology depends crucially on the robotics developed to support these functions, and the soundness of the mathematics employed to analyse the output. Although the number of research applications is increasing, the question as to when, or if, chip-mediated techniques will be used routinely in the infectious disease clinic remains unanswered at present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Hervás
- Servicio de Microbiología Clinica, Hospital Central de la Defensa, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Du H, Wu M, Yang W, Yuan G, Sun Y, Lu Y, Zhao S, Du Q, Wang J, Yang S, Pan M, Lu Y, Wang S, Cheng J. Development of miniaturized competitive immunoassays on a protein chip as a screening tool for drugs. Clin Chem 2004; 51:368-75. [PMID: 15563481 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.036665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doping in sports has become a serious problem. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) serves as an effective reference method, but it is limited by low throughput and is therefore not suitable for large-scale screening. Use of protein chips for high-throughput screening of all athletes for prohibited substances could become an important complementary tool to GC-MS. METHODS We developed a protein chip based on an aldehyde-activated glass slide containing 10 physically isolated arrays. The chip was used to screen urine from 1347 athletes for prohibited substances and to screen a negative control group consisting of 200 females and 120 males. Urine samples from 66 individuals known to be abusers, provided by the China Doping Control Center (CDCC), and 129 standard prohibited substances were tested as positive controls. RESULTS All 1347 urine samples screened by means of the protein chips were also subjected to reference analysis by GC-MS at the CDCC. There was no qualitative difference between the results obtained with the two methods. The correlation coefficient (r(2)) for the quantitative results obtained with the protein chip and GC-MS was 0.991. CONCLUSIONS The protein chip could be used to screen for a series of 16 prohibited drugs in urine samples. This system has the potential to become an effective screening method to test substances prohibited by the International Olympic Committee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Du
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology and Institute of Biomedicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
109
|
Du H, Lu Y, Yang W, Wu M, Wang J, Zhao S, Pan M, Cheng J. Preparation of Steroid Antibodies and Parallel Detection of Multianabolic Steroid Abuse with Conjugated Hapten Microarray. Anal Chem 2004; 76:6166-71. [PMID: 15481969 DOI: 10.1021/ac049159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A conjugated hapten microarray based on miniature immunoassay for fast and multiplex detection of anabolic steroids is reported for the first time. This preliminary study investigated the possibility of using a microarray technology as a multisteroid detection assay. The microarray system used eight monoclonal antibodies raised against three steroid conjugates, 4-androsten-4-chloro-17beta-ol-3-one, 1,5alpha-androsten-1beta-methyl-17beta-ol-3-one, and 5beta-androsten-1-en-17beta-ol-3-one, which were conjugated to BSA by the active ester method. In addition to 4 commercial conjugated haptens, 18 steroid-BSA conjugates were synthesized and from all these a conjugated hapten microarray was fabricated. The analyzed substances included 42 types of anabolic steroid reference materials and 28 positive urine samples. Of these, 24 anabolic steroids and 12 positive urines were successfully detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Du
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology and Institute of Biomedicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
110
|
Sakanyan V. Puces à protéines : nouvelle approche du diagnostic des maladies infectieuses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1294-5501(04)94261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
111
|
Mikolajczyk SD, Song Y, Wong JR, Matson RS, Rittenhouse HG. Are multiple markers the future of prostate cancer diagnostics? Clin Biochem 2004; 37:519-28. [PMID: 15234233 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most successful and widely employed cancer serum marker in use today. There is growing evidence that the introduction of wide PSA screening and earlier detection can result in decreased cancer mortality associated with a decline in metastatic disease. PSA circulates in a number of distinct forms. Measurement of these in addition to total PSA significantly increases diagnostic utility. Diagnostic utility is likely to be further increased by adding kallikreins, cytokines, growth factors, receptors and cellular adhesion factors to the biomarker panel. The need for multiple markers reflects the multidimensional nature of prostate disease which ranges from metastatic cancer to indolent cancer to benign hyperplasia and inflammation, all of which require distinct treatments and medical interventions.
Collapse
|
112
|
Neuman de Vegvar HE, Robinson WH. Microarray profiling of antiviral antibodies for the development of diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics. Clin Immunol 2004; 111:196-201. [PMID: 15137952 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2003.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Accepted: 12/23/2003] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex analysis of antiviral antibody (Ab) responses provides a potentially powerful strategy for viral diagnosis, prognostication, and development of vaccines and prophylactic Abs. In the coming years, advancements in proteomic technologies will provide even more robust methods to characterize antiviral Ab responses. Biomedical researchers will be faced with the exciting challenge of identifying antiviral Ab specificities that correlate with improved outcomes and efficacious interventions, and translating the findings into more effective diagnostics, prophylactics, and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry E Neuman de Vegvar
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
Campbell CJ, Ghazal P. Molecular signatures for diagnosis of infection: application of microarray technology. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 96:18-23. [PMID: 14678155 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Technological developments such as microarray-based DNA, RNA and protein detection have opened new fields in genomics and proteomics. This review aims to highlight the potential value and limitation of this methodology to design and extract signature-based diagnostic markers for infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Campbell
- The Scottish Centre for Genomic Technology and Informatics, College of Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
114
|
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases (including community-, hospital- and bioterrorism-acquired infections), emerging resistance to antimicrobial agents and increased social demand are increasing the volume and altering the nature of the activities required from clinical microbiology laboratories. Centralization, an increase in automation and advances in bioinformatics allow clinical microbiology laboratories to keep up with these ever-increasing demands. Technologies and techniques that are progressing at the moment include rapid molecular detection, identification and genotyping of bacteria; antimicrobial-resistance determination; rapid immunological detection of pathogens; easy-to-use electron microscopy; and data digitalization and the secure online exchange of information. The future evolution of clinical microbiology might include the spread of 'at-doctor' tests and bedside tests at the same time as specialized diagnoses are centralized in reference laboratories that are connected on national and international scales. Centralization should allow the development of P3/P4 laboratories, molecular-biology platforms, including mass spectrometry, and serology platforms, including antigenic microarrays for serodiagnosis. Sampling strategies might evolve towards pathology-based sampling kits in accordance with the development of multiplex platforms. In addition, data reporting could be based solely on digitalized figures and could include data interpretation and the addition of electronic links to up-to-date literature, which can be exchanged in a timely manner through the Internet. Large clinical microbiology laboratories could engage in the regular reporting of epidemiological trends for pathogens, pathogen subtypes and antimicrobial resistance. These anticipated changes will require the advanced training of technicians in bioinformatics, and the creation of posts for maintenance workers and engineers for the continuous implementation of new techniques. Clinical microbiologists will have an increased role in communicating with infectious-disease practitioners in the interpretation and delivery of results, with consultants in diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment, and in strategic laboratory management.
In the past decade, clinical microbiology laboratories have undergone important changes with the introduction of molecular biology techniques and laboratory automation. In the future, there will be a need for more rapid diagnoses, increased standardization of testing and greater adaptability to cope with new threats from infectious microorganisms, such as agents of bioterrorism and emerging pathogens. The combination of the new tools that are now being developed in research laboratories, the general reorganization of clinical laboratories and improved communication between physicians and clinical microbiologists should lead to profound changes in the way that clinical microbiologists work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Raoult
- Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
115
|
Abstract
Microarrays of DNA probes have at least three roles in clinical virology. These are: firstly, in diagnosis, to recognise the causative agent of an illness; secondly, for molecular typing for (i) patient management, (ii) epidemiological reasons (e.g. investigating routes of transmission), (iii) purposes related to vaccine use; and thirdly, in research, to investigate the interactions between the virus and the host cell. Microarrays intended for syndromic diagnostic purposes require genome specific probes to capture the unknown target viral sequences and thereby reveal the presence of that virus in a test sample. Microarrays intended for typing and patient management, e.g. monitoring antiviral drug resistant mutations require a set of probes representing the important sequence variants of one or more viral genes. Microarrays intended for research into virus–host interactions require probes representative of each individual gene or mRNA of either the virus or the host genome. Diagnostic microarrays are dependent for their utility and versatility on generic, multiplex or random polymerase chain reactions that will amplify any of several (unknown) viral target sequences from a patient sample. In this review, the existing and potential applications of microarrays in virology, and the problems that need to be overcome for future success, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Clewley
- Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Virus Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Liang RQ, Tan CY, Ruan KC. Colorimetric detection of protein microarrays based on nanogold probe coupled with silver enhancement. J Immunol Methods 2004; 285:157-63. [PMID: 14980430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2003.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2003] [Revised: 11/10/2003] [Accepted: 11/11/2003] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a method for analyzing protein microarrays using a colorimetric nanogold probe coupled with silver enhancement (gold-silver detection). In this method, the gold nanoparticles were introduced to the microarray by the specific binding of the gold-conjugated antibodies or streptavidins and then coupled with silver enhancement to produce black image of microarray spots, which can be easily detected with a commercial CCD camera. The method showed high detection sensitivity (1 pg of IgG immobilized on slides or 2.75 ng/ml IgG in solution) and a good linear correlation between the signal intensity and the logarithm of the sample concentration. The examination of this method in analyzing a demonstrational ToRCH antigen microarray developed in our lab showed an identical result as in the fluorescent method. These results suggest the colorimetric gold-silver detection method has potential applications in proteomics research and clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Qiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
117
|
Smith AH, Vrtis JM, Kodadek T. The Potential Of Protein-Detecting MicroArrays For Clinical Diagnostics. Adv Clin Chem 2004; 38:217-38. [PMID: 15521193 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(04)38007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, Center for Biomedical Inventions, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Feng Y, Ke X, Ma R, Chen Y, Hu G, Liu F. Parallel detection of autoantibodies with microarrays in rheumatoid diseases. Clin Chem 2003; 50:416-22. [PMID: 14670825 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2003.023994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical needs often dictate testing for several autoantibodies in a single patient with evidence of autoimmune disease. We developed a microarray containing 15 autoantigens for the detection of autoantibodies in rheumatoid autoimmune diseases. METHODS We synthesized recombinant centromere protein B, cytokeratin 19, SSA 52-kDa antigen, SSA 60-kDa antigen, SSB antigen, and Jo-1 antigen and prepared anti-nuclear antibody antigens. Cyclic citrullinated peptide, histone, goat IgG for detection of rheumatoid factor, double-stranded DNA, and single-stranded DNA were purchased, as were recombinant small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U1, topoisomerase I, and Smith antigen (Sm). All 15 antigens were of human origin except calf thymus Sm. Proteins were printed on polystyrene. The arrays were incubated with serum samples and then with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies and chemiluminescent substrates, and light signals were captured by a charge-coupled device camera-based chip reader. Antibodies were quantified by use of calibration curves. Positive samples were confirmed by commercially available methods. RESULTS The detection limit of the microarray system was 20 pg of IgG printed on the polystyrene support. More than 85% of the confirmed positive sera were detected as positive with the microarray system based on cutoff values established with the microarray system. The imprecision (CV) of the microarrays was <15% for all 15 autoantibody assays, with the exception of single-stranded DNA (18% and 23%) within and between batches. Characteristic autoantibody patterns were seen in patients with clinical diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis (n = 83), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 71), systemic sclerosis (n = 36), polymyositis (n = 38), and Sjogren syndrome (n = 20). CONCLUSIONS This microarray system provides results similar to those by conventional methods. Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of the system remains to be done.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Feng
- Research Center, Shanghai HealthDigit, Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, Peoples Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Perrin A, Duracher D, Perret M, Cleuziat P, Mandrand B. A combined oligonucleotide and protein microarray for the codetection of nucleic acids and antibodies associated with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections. Anal Biochem 2003; 322:148-55. [PMID: 14596821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2003.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A multiplexed assay based on the codetection of nucleic acids and antibodies in human serum infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus was proposed. The combined immuno- and oligosorbent array (CombOLISA) microarray is prepared in 96-well standard microplates by spotting (1). nucleic probes specific for a virus genome, (2). viral proteins for the capture of serum antibodies, and (3). nonspecific proteins for verifying specificity. Experimental assay conditions were optimized so that both DNA hybridization and immunological reactions can be achieved simultaneously in the same well and buffer and all at the same temperature. A generic detection system based on the precipitation of an insoluble colorimetric substrate in the presence of enzyme-labeled antibodies or streptavidin was proposed. The optical density of each spot was correlated to the corresponding analyte concentration. The influence of critical parameters on CombOLISA performance such as serum concentration was studied. Calibration curves and sensitivity thresholds were established for each parameter. Serial dilutions of serum were correlated to results obtained with validated immunoassay platforms such as a microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or the VIDAS automat. Also, several HIV- and HBV-infected serum samples were tested independently by CombOLISA and VIDAS. Coefficients of variation for genomic and proteomic parameters vs spot density were below 15%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Perrin
- UMR 2142 CNRS-bioMérieux, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Jahn-Schmid B, Harwanegg C, Hiller R, Bohle B, Ebner C, Scheiner O, Mueller MW. Allergen microarray: comparison of microarray using recombinant allergens with conventional diagnostic methods to detect allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin E. Clin Exp Allergy 2003; 33:1443-9. [PMID: 14519153 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The availability of recombinant allergens and recent advances in biochip technology led to the development of a novel test system for the detection of allergen-specific IgE. OBJECTIVE To test the performance of this allergen microarray in a serological analytical study. METHODS Standard allergens contained in grass pollen (Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5 and Phl p 6) and tree pollen (Bet v 1 and Bet v 2) were used as a model system. The detection of allergen-specific serum IgE using microarrays was compared with standard test systems: CAP/RAST and an in-house ELISA. In order to test the analytical sensitivity of the assays, geometric dilutions of a serum pool containing high levels of pollen-specific IgE from allergic individuals were tested in each system. To assess the analytical specificity, the sera of 51 patients with presumptive allergic symptoms were collected before diagnosis. Thereafter, the results for grass/tree-pollen-specific IgE were compared. RESULTS The microarray has a good dynamic range similar to the CAP/RAST system. Microarray and ELISA showed comparable analytical sensitivity exceeding the CAP/RAST system. With respect to the analytical specificity, no significant cross-reactivity of the allergens was observed. For two of the allergens tested, weak positive signals were detected in the microarray test system, whereas they were not detectable by CAP/RAST. CONCLUSION A good correlation of presently used methods to detect serum IgE and the novel microarray test system was observed. As a next step, a careful validation of this method for a multitude of allergens and a thorough clinical evaluation has to be provided. Microarray testing of allergen-specific IgE can be presumed to be the method of choice for a prospective component-resolved diagnosis of Type I allergy, and the basis for the design and monitoring of a patient-tailored specific immunotherapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Jahn-Schmid
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Zhi ZL, Morita Y, Hasan Q, Tamiya E. Micromachining Microcarrier-Based Biomolecular Encoding for Miniaturized and Multiplexed Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2003; 75:4125-31. [PMID: 14651038 DOI: 10.1021/ac034165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Micromachining techniques, which originated in the microelectronics industry, have been employed to manufacture microparticles bearing an engraved dot-type signature for biomolecular encoding. These metallic microstructures are photolithographically defined and manufactured in a highly reproducible manner. In addition, the code introduced on the particle face is a straightforward visible feature that is easily recognizable with the use of optical microscopy. The number of distinct codes theoretically could be many thousands, depending on the coding element numbers. Such microparticles are, thus, with appropriate surface organic functionalizations, ideal for encoding biomolecular libraries and serving as a platform for developing high-throughput multiplexed bioassay schemes based on suspension array technology. As proof of this statement, we demonstrated that encoded microparticles tagged with antibodies to human immunoglobulin classes are capable, using imaging detection as the interrogating approach, of high sensitivity and high specificity, as well as multiplexed detection of the respective antigens in a microliter-sample volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-liang Zhi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1, Asahidai, Tatsunokuchi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
122
|
Abstract
The system-wide study of proteins presents an exciting challenge in this information-rich age of whole-genome biology. Although traditional investigations have yielded abundant information about individual proteins, they have been less successful at providing us with an integrated understanding of biological systems. The promise of proteomics is that, by studying many components simultaneously, we will learn how proteins interact with each other, as well as with non-proteinaceous molecules, to control complex processes in cells, tissues and even whole organisms. Here, I discuss the role of microarray technology in this burgeoning area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin MacBeath
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Bauer Center for Genomics Research, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Abstract
The development of high-density arrays for proteomics has become a goal of SomaLogic, many other companies, and a wide variety of academic entities. Unfortunately, the word proteomics has come to mean virtually everything. We define proteomics as being derived from arrays of analyte-specific reagents (ASRs) used to measure (something about) proteins. As the density of the ASRs on a chip increases toward the number of proteins in an organism, the concept of proteomics moves toward comprehensive proteomics. At issue then, is what constitutes an ASR, and what differences between them lead toward more or less biological information from a high-density panel of ASRs.
Collapse
|
124
|
Bacarese-Hamilton T, Mezzasoma L, Ingham C, Ardizzoni A, Rossi R, Bistoni F, Crisanti A. Detection of Allergen-specific IgE on Microarrays by Use of Signal Amplification Techniques. Clin Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/48.8.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tito Bacarese-Hamilton
- Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Letizia Mezzasoma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Universita’ degli Studi di Perugia, Policlinico Monteluce, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Colin Ingham
- Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ruggero Rossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Universita’ degli Studi di Perugia, Policlinico Monteluce, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bistoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Universita’ degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Crisanti
- Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|