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Tamborski J, Krasileva KV. Evolution of Plant NLRs: From Natural History to Precise Modifications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:355-378. [PMID: 32092278 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) monitor the plant intracellular environment for signs of pathogen infection. Several mechanisms of NLR-mediated immunity arose independently across multiple species. These include the functional specialization of NLRs into sensors and helpers, the independent emergence of direct and indirect recognition within NLR subfamilies, the regulation of NLRs by small RNAs, and the formation of NLR networks. Understanding the evolutionary history of NLRs can shed light on both the origin of pathogen recognition and the common constraints on the plant immune system. Attempts to engineer disease resistance have been sparse and rarely informed by evolutionary knowledge. In this review, we discuss the evolution of NLRs, give an overview of previous engineering attempts, and propose how to use evolutionary knowledge to advance future research in the generation of novel disease-recognition capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Tamborski
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;
| | - Ksenia V Krasileva
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;
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102
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Genome-Wide Identification of M35 Family Metalloproteases in Rhizoctonia cerealis and Functional Analysis of RcMEP2 as a Virulence Factor during the Fungal Infection to Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082984. [PMID: 32340265 PMCID: PMC7215534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal pathogen of the devastating disease, sharp eyespot, of the important crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In phytopathogenic fungi, several M36 metalloproteases have been implicated in virulence, but pathogenesis roles of M35 family metalloproteases are largely unknown. Here, we identified four M35 family metalloproteases from R. cerealis genome, designated RcMEP2–RcMEP5, measured their transcriptional profiles, and investigated RcMEP2 function. RcMEP2-RcMEP5 are predicted as secreted metalloproteases since each protein sequence contains a signal peptide and an M35 domain that includes two characteristic motifs HEXXE and GTXDXXYG. Transcription levels of RcMEP2-RcMEP5 markedly elevated during the fungus infection to wheat, among which RcMEP2 expressed with the highest level. Functional dissection indicated that RcMEP2 and its M35 domain could trigger H2O2 rapidly-excessive accumulation, induce cell death, and inhibit expression of host chitinases. This consequently enhanced the susceptibility of wheat to R. cerealis and the predicated signal peptide of RcMEP2 functions required for secretion and cell death-induction. These results demonstrate that RcMEP2 is a virulence factor and that its M35 domain and signal peptide are necessary for the virulence role of RcMEP2. This study facilitates a better understanding of the pathogenesis mechanism of metalloproteases in phytopathogens including R. cerealis.
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103
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Derbyshire MC. Bioinformatic Detection of Positive Selection Pressure in Plant Pathogens: The Neutral Theory of Molecular Sequence Evolution in Action. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:644. [PMID: 32328056 PMCID: PMC7160247 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomes of plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes are often exposed to strong positive selection pressure. During speciation, shifts in host range and preference can lead to major adaptive changes. Furthermore, evolution of total host resistance to most isolates can force rapid evolutionary changes in host-specific pathogens. Crop pathogens are subjected to particularly intense selective pressures from monocultures and fungicides. Detection of the footprints of positive selection in plant pathogen genomes is a worthwhile endeavor as it aids understanding of the fundamental biology of these important organisms. There are two main classes of test for detection of positively selected alleles. Tests based on the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions per site detect the footprints of multiple fixation events between divergent lineages. Thus, they are well-suited to the study of ancient adaptation events spanning speciations. On the other hand, tests that scan genomes for local fluctuations in allelic diversity within populations are suitable for detection of recent positive selection in populations. In this review, I briefly describe some of the more widely used tests of positive selection and the theory underlying them. I then discuss various examples of their application to plant pathogen genomes, emphasizing the types of genes that are associated with signatures of positive selection. I conclude with a discussion of the practicality of such tests for identification of pathogen genes of interest and the important features of pathogen ecology that must be taken into account for accurate interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Derbyshire
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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104
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LRRpredictor-A New LRR Motif Detection Method for Irregular Motifs of Plant NLR Proteins Using an Ensemble of Classifiers. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030286. [PMID: 32182725 PMCID: PMC7140858 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich-repeats (LRRs) belong to an archaic procaryal protein architecture that is widely involved in protein-protein interactions. In eukaryotes, LRR domains developed into key recognition modules in many innate immune receptor classes. Due to the high sequence variability imposed by recognition specificity, precise repeat delineation is often difficult especially in plant NOD-like Receptors (NLRs) notorious for showing far larger irregularities. To address this problem, we introduce here LRRpredictor, a method based on an ensemble of estimators designed to better identify LRR motifs in general but particularly adapted for handling more irregular LRR environments, thus allowing to compensate for the scarcity of structural data on NLR proteins. The extrapolation capacity tested on a set of annotated LRR domains from six immune receptor classes shows the ability of LRRpredictor to recover all previously defined specific motif consensuses and to extend the LRR motif coverage over annotated LRR domains. This analysis confirms the increased variability of LRR motifs in plant and vertebrate NLRs when compared to extracellular receptors, consistent with previous studies. Hence, LRRpredictor is able to provide novel insights into the diversification of LRR domains and a robust support for structure-informed analyses of LRRs in immune receptor functioning.
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105
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Ochola S, Huang J, Ali H, Shu H, Shen D, Qiu M, Wang L, Li X, Chen H, Kange A, Qutob D, Dong S. Editing of an effector gene promoter sequence impacts plant-Phytophthora interaction. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:378-392. [PMID: 31691466 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen avirulence (Avr) effectors interplay with corresponding plant resistance (R) proteins and activate robust plant immune responses. Although the expression pattern of Avr genes has been tied to their functions for a long time, it is still not clear how Avr gene expression patterns impact plant-microbe interactions. Here, we selected PsAvr3b, which shows a typical effector gene expression pattern from a soybean root pathogen Phytophthora sojae. To modulate gene expression, we engineered PsAvr3b promoter sequences by in situ substitution with promoter sequences from Actin (constitutive expression), PsXEG1 (early expression), and PsNLP1 (later expression) using the CRISPR/Cas9. PsAvr3b driven by different promoters resulted in distinct expression levels across all the tested infection time points. Importantly, those mutants with low PsAvr3b expression successfully colonized soybean plants carrying the cognate R gene Rps3b. To dissect the difference in plant responses to the PsAvr3b expression level, we conducted RNA-sequencing of different infection samples at 24 h postinfection and found soybean immune genes, including a few previously unknown genes that are associated with resistance. Our study highlights that fine-tuning in Avr gene expression impacts the compatibility of plant disease and provides clues to improve crop resistance in disease control management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvans Ochola
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haider Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haidong Shu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Alex Kange
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dinah Qutob
- Department of Math and Science, Walsh University, North Canton, OH, 44720, USA
| | - Suomeng Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
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106
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Zhang Z, Jia Y, Wang Y, Sun G. A Rapid Survey of Avirulence Genes in Field Isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:717-723. [PMID: 31935345 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-19-1688-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent for the devastating disease rice blast. The avirulence (AVR) genes in M. oryzae are required to initiate robust disease resistance mediated by the corresponding resistance (R) genes in rice. Therefore, monitoring pathogen AVR genes is important to predict the stability of R gene-mediated blast resistance. In the present study, we analyzed the DNA sequence dynamics of five AVR genes, namely, AVR-Pita1, AVR-Pik, AVR-Pizt, AVR-Pia, and AVR-Pii, in field isolates of M. oryzae in order to understand the effectiveness of the R genes, Pi-ta, Pi-k, Pi-zt, Pia, and Pii in the Southern U.S. rice growing region. Genomic DNA of 258 blast isolates collected from commercial fields of the Southern UNITED STATES during 1975-2009 were subjected to PCR amplification with AVR gene-specific PCR markers. PCR products were obtained from 232 isolates. The absence of PCR products in the remaining 26 isolates suggests that these isolates do not contain the tested AVR genes. Amplified PCR products were subsequently gel purified and sequenced. Based on the presence or absence of the five AVR genes, 232 field isolates were classified into 10 haplotype groups. The results revealed that 174 isolates of M. oryzae carried AVR-Pita1, 225 isolates carried AVR-Pizt, 44 isolates carried AVR-Pik, 3 isolates carried AVR-Pia, and one isolate carried AVR-Pii. AVR-Pita1 was highly variable, and 40 AVR-Pita1 haplotypes were identified in avirulent isolates. AVR-Pik had four nucleotide sequence site changes resulting in amino acid substitutions, whereas three other AVR genes, AVR-Pizt, AVR-Pia, and AVR-Pii, were relatively stable. Two AVR genes, AVR-Pik and AVR-Pizt, were found to exist in relatively larger proportions of the tested field isolates, which suggested that their corresponding R genes Pi-k and Pi-zt can be deployed in preventing blast disease in the Southern UNITED STATES in addition to Pi-ta. This study demonstrates that continued AVR gene monitoring in the pathogen population is critical for ensuring the effectiveness of deployed blast R genes in commercial rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yulin Jia
- USDA-ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, U.S.A
| | - Yanli Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Guochang Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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107
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Luginbuehl LH, El‐Sharnouby S, Wang N, Hibberd JM. Fluorescent reporters for functional analysis in rice leaves. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00188. [PMID: 32072132 PMCID: PMC7011658 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent reporters have facilitated non-invasive imaging in multiple plant species and thus allowed the analysis of processes ranging from gene expression and protein localization to cellular patterning. However, in rice, a globally important crop and model species, there are relatively few reports of fluorescent proteins being used in leaves. Fluorescence imaging is particularly difficult in the rice leaf blade, likely due to a high degree of light scattering in this tissue. To address this, we investigated approaches to improve deep imaging in mature rice leaf blades. We found that ClearSee treatment, which has previously been used to visualize fluorescent reporters in whole tissues of plants, led to improved imaging in rice. Removing epidermal and subtending mesophyll cell layers was faster than ClearSee and also reduced light scattering such that imaging of fluorescent proteins in deeper leaf layers was possible. To expand the range of fluorescent proteins suitable for imaging in rice, we screened twelve whose spectral profiles spanned most of the visible spectrum. This identified five proteins (mTurquoise2, mNeonGreen, mClover3, mKOκ, and tdTomato) that are robustly expressed and detectable in mesophyll cells of stably transformed plants. Using microparticle bombardment, we show that mTurquoise2 and mNeonGreen can be used for simultaneous multicolor imaging of different subcellular compartments. Overall, we conclude that mTurquoise2, mNeonGreen, mClover3, mKOκ, and tdTomato are suitable for high-resolution live imaging of rice leaves, both after transient and stable transformation. Along with the rapid microparticle bombardment method, which allows transient transformation of major cell types in the leaf blade, these fluorescent reporters should greatly facilitate the analysis of gene expression and cell biology in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Na Wang
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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108
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Zhang D, Bao Y, Sun Y, Yang H, Zhao T, Li H, Du C, Jiang J, Li J, Xie L, Xu X. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the response mechanism of Cf-16-mediated resistance to Cladosporium fulvum infection in tomato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:33. [PMID: 31959099 PMCID: PMC6971981 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf mold disease caused by Cladosporium fulvum is a serious threat affecting the global production of tomato. Cf genes are associated with leaf mold resistance, including Cf-16, which confers effective resistance to leaf mold in tomato. However, the molecular mechanism of the Cf-16-mediated resistance response is largely unknown. RESULTS We performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of C. fulvum-resistant (cv. Ontario7816) and C. fulvum-susceptible (cv. Moneymaker) tomato cultivars to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 4 and 8 days post inoculation (dpi) with C. fulvum. In total, 1588 and 939 more DEGs were found in Cf-16 tomato than in Moneymaker at 4 and 8 dpi, respectively. Additionally, 1350 DEGs were shared between the 4- and 8-dpi Cf-16 groups, suggesting the existence of common core DEGs in response to C. fulvum infection. The up-regulated DEGs in Cf-16 tomato were primarily associated with defense processes and phytohormone signaling, including salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Moreover, SA and JA levels were significantly increased in Cf-16 tomato at the early stages of C. fulvum infection. Contrary to the previous study, the number of up-regulated genes in Cf-16 compared to Cf-10 and Cf-12 tomatoes was significantly higher at the early stages of C. fulvum infection. CONCLUSION Our results provide new insight into the Cf-mediated mechanism of resistance to C. fulvum, especially the unique characteristics of Cf-16 tomato in response to this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongye Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Yufang Bao
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Yaoguang Sun
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Huijia Li
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Chong Du
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Jingbin Jiang
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Jingfu Li
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Libo Xie
- Horticultural Sub-Academy, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069 China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
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109
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Mermigka G, Amprazi M, Mentzelopoulou A, Amartolou A, Sarris PF. Plant and Animal Innate Immunity Complexes: Fighting Different Enemies with Similar Weapons. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:80-91. [PMID: 31677931 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Both animals and plants express intracellular innate immunity receptors known as NLR (NOD-like receptors or nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptors, respectively). For various mammalian systems, the specific formation of macromolecular structures, such as inflammasomes by activated NLR receptors, has been extensively reported. However, for plant organisms, the formation of such structures was an open scientific question for many years. This year, the first plant 'resistosome' structure was reported, revealing significant structural similarities to mammalian apoptosome and inflammasome structures. In this review, we summarize the key components comprising the mammalian apoptosome/inflammasome structures and the newly discovered plant resistosome, highlighting their commonalities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glykeria Mermigka
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Amprazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, 70013, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, 714 09 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Argyro Amartolou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 714 09 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiotis F Sarris
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, 70013, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, 714 09 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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110
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Lisa MN, Cvirkaite-Krupovic V, Richet E, André-Leroux G, Alzari PM, Haouz A, Danot O. Double autoinhibition mechanism of signal transduction ATPases with numerous domains (STAND) with a tetratricopeptide repeat sensor. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:3795-3810. [PMID: 30788511 PMCID: PMC6468293 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon triggering by their inducer, signal transduction ATPases with numerous domains (STANDs), initially in monomeric resting forms, multimerize into large hubs that activate target macromolecules. This process requires conversion of the STAND conserved core (the NOD) from a closed form encasing an ADP molecule to an ATP-bound open form prone to multimerize. In the absence of inducer, autoinhibitory interactions maintain the NOD closed. In particular, in resting STAND proteins with an LRR- or WD40-type sensor domain, the latter establishes interactions with the NOD that are disrupted in the multimerization-competent forms. Here, we solved the first crystal structure of a STAND with a tetratricopeptide repeat sensor domain, PH0952 from Pyrococcus horikoshii, revealing analogous NOD-sensor contacts. We use this structural information to experimentally demonstrate that similar interactions also exist in a PH0952 homolog, the MalT STAND archetype, and actually contribute to the MalT autoinhibition in vitro and in vivo. We propose that STAND activation occurs by stepwise release of autoinhibitory contacts coupled to the unmasking of inducer-binding determinants. The MalT example suggests that STAND weak autoinhibitory interactions could assist the binding of inhibitory proteins by placing in register inhibitor recognition elements born by two domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Natalia Lisa
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528 & Université Paris Diderot, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Virginija Cvirkaite-Krupovic
- Unité de Génétique moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 3526, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,Unité de Biologie moléculaire du gène chez les extrêmophiles, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Evelyne Richet
- Unité de Génétique moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 3526, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | - Pedro M Alzari
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528 & Université Paris Diderot, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Ahmed Haouz
- C2RT-Plateforme de cristallographie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Olivier Danot
- Unité de Génétique moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 3526, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,Unité de Biologie et Génétique de la paroi bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, INSERM équipe Avenir, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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111
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Vo KTX, Lee SK, Halane MK, Song MY, Hoang TV, Kim CY, Park SY, Jeon J, Kim ST, Sohn KH, Jeon JS. Pi5 and Pii Paired NLRs Are Functionally Exchangeable and Confer Similar Disease Resistance Specificity. Mol Cells 2019; 42:637-645. [PMID: 31564075 PMCID: PMC6776156 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is an effective layer of plant defense initiated upon recognition of avirulence (Avr) effectors from pathogens by cognate plant disease resistance (R) proteins. In rice, a large number of R genes have been characterized from various cultivars and have greatly contributed to breeding programs to improve resistance against the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. The extreme diversity of R gene repertoires is thought to be a result of co-evolutionary history between rice and its pathogens including M. oryzae. Here we show that Pii is an allele of Pi5 by DNA sequence characterization and complementation analysis. Pii-1 and Pii-2 cDNAs were cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from the Pii -carrying cultivar Fujisaka5 . The complementation test in susceptible rice cultivar Dongjin demonstrated that the rice blast resistance mediated by Pii , similar to Pi5 , requires the presence of two nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat genes, Pii-1 and Pii-2 . Consistent with our hypothesis that Pi5 and Pii are functionally indistinguishable, the replacement of Pii-1 by Pi5-1 and Pii-2 by Pi5-2 , respectively, does not change the level of disease resistance to M. oryzae carrying AVR-Pii. Surprisingly, Exo70F3, required for Pii-mediated resistance, is dispensable for Pi5-mediated resistance. Based on our results, despite similarities observed between Pi5 and Pii, we hypothesize that Pi5 and Pii pairs require partially distinct mechanisms to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu Thi Xuan Vo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Morgan K. Halane
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673,
Korea
| | - Min-Young Song
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Trung Viet Hoang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Chi-Yeol Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Sook-Young Park
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541,
Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 46241,
Korea
| | - Kee Hoon Sohn
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673,
Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673,
Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
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van Wersch S, Li X. Stronger When Together: Clustering of Plant NLR Disease resistance Genes. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:688-699. [PMID: 31266697 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Gene clustering is rare in eukaryotes. However, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-encoding disease resistance (R) genes show consistent clustering in plant genomes. These arrangements are likely to provide coregulatory benefits, as suggested by growing evidence that the gene products of both paired and larger clusters of NLRs act together in triggering immunity. Head-to-head gene pairs where one of the encoded NLRs includes an integrated decoy domain appear to behave differently than clusters evolved from closely related typical NLRs. These patterns may help to explain the broad resistance that most plants have despite their finite number of R genes. By taking into consideration the relationship between genomic arrangement and function, we can improve our understanding of and ability to predict plant immune detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig van Wersch
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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113
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Li W, Chern M, Yin J, Wang J, Chen X. Recent advances in broad-spectrum resistance to the rice blast disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 50:114-120. [PMID: 31163394 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Blast is arguably the most devastating fungal disease of rice. Systematic studies of this disease have made significant progress and identified many genes. Broad-spectrum resistance is highly preferred in agricultural practice. Here, we focus our discussion on resistance (R) and defense-regulator (DR) genes that confer broad-spectrum resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae, in particular those potentially causing no significant yield penalties. Recent advances show that broad-spectrum resistance can be achieved without significant yield penalties, or even with yield benefits. Cross talks of defense signaling mediated by these genes are present that may allow the host to integrate different anti-fungal factors against M. oryzae infection. We also summarize possible mechanisms underlying broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China (In preparation), State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mawsheng Chern
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Junjie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China (In preparation), State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China (In preparation), State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China (In preparation), State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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114
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Prasad P, Savadi S, Bhardwaj SC, Gangwar OP, Kumar S. Rust pathogen effectors: perspectives in resistance breeding. PLANTA 2019; 250:1-22. [PMID: 30980247 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Identification and functional characterization of plant pathogen effectors promise to ameliorate future research and develop effective and sustainable strategies for controlling or containing crop diseases. Wheat is the second most important food crop of the world after rice. Rust pathogens, one of the major biotic stresses in wheat production, are capable of threatening the world food security. Understanding the molecular basis of plant-pathogen interactions is essential for devising novel strategies for resistance breeding and disease management. Now, it has been established that effectors, the proteins secreted by pathogens, play a key role in plant-pathogen interactions. Therefore, effector biology has emerged as one of the most important research fields in plant biology. Recent advances in genomics and bioinformatics have allowed identification of a large repertoire of candidate effectors, while the evolving high-throughput tools have continued to assist in their functional characterization. The repertoires of effectors have become an important resource for better understanding of effector biology of pathosystems and resistance breeding of crop plants. In recent years, a significant progress has been made in the field of rust effector biology. This review describes the recent advances in effector biology of obligate fungal pathogens, identification and functional analysis of wheat rust pathogens effectors and the potential applications of effectors in molecular plant biology and rust resistance breeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Prasad
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India
| | - Siddanna Savadi
- ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, Karnataka, 574202, India
| | - S C Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India.
| | - O P Gangwar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India
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115
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Wang J, Wang J, Hu M, Wu S, Qi J, Wang G, Han Z, Qi Y, Gao N, Wang HW, Zhou JM, Chai J. Ligand-triggered allosteric ADP release primes a plant NLR complex. Science 2019; 364:364/6435/eaav5868. [PMID: 30948526 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav5868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen recognition by nucleotide-binding (NB), leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs) plays roles in plant immunity. The Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris effector AvrAC uridylylates the Arabidopsis PBL2 kinase, and the latter (PBL2UMP) acts as a ligand to activate the NLR ZAR1 precomplexed with the RKS1 pseudokinase. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of ZAR1-RKS1 and ZAR1-RKS1-PBL2UMP in an inactive and intermediate state, respectively. The ZAR1LRR domain, compared with animal NLRLRR domains, is differently positioned to sequester ZAR1 in an inactive state. Recognition of PBL2UMP is exclusively through RKS1, which interacts with ZAR1LRR PBL2UMP binding stabilizes the RKS1 activation segment, which sterically blocks ZAR1 adenosine diphosphate (ADP) binding. This engenders a more flexible NB domain without conformational changes in the other ZAR1 domains. Our study provides a structural template for understanding plant NLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Meijuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Guoxun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Zhifu Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China.
| | - Jijie Chai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China. .,Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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116
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Li TG, Wang BL, Yin CM, Zhang DD, Wang D, Song J, Zhou L, Kong ZQ, Klosterman SJ, Li JJ, Adamu S, Liu TL, Subbarao KV, Chen JY, Dai XF. The Gossypium hirsutum TIR-NBS-LRR gene GhDSC1 mediates resistance against Verticillium wilt. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:857-876. [PMID: 30957942 DOI: 10.5897/ajmr11.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Improving genetic resistance is a preferred method to manage Verticillium wilt of cotton and other hosts. Identifying host resistance is difficult because of the dearth of resistance genes against this pathogen. Previously, a novel candidate gene involved in Verticillium wilt resistance was identified by a genome-wide association study using a panel of Gossypium hirsutum accessions. In this study, we cloned the candidate resistance gene from cotton that encodes a protein sharing homology with the TIR-NBS-LRR receptor-like defence protein DSC1 in Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter named GhDSC1). GhDSC1 expressed at higher levels in response to Verticillium wilt and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment in resistant cotton cultivars as compared to susceptible cultivars and its product was localized to nucleus. The transfer of GhDSC1 to Arabidopsis conferred Verticillium resistance in an A. thaliana dsc1 mutant. This resistance response was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and increased expression of JA-signalling-related genes. Furthermore, the expression of GhDSC1 in response to Verticillium wilt and JA signalling in A. thaliana displayed expression patterns similar to GhCAMTA3 in cotton under identical conditions, suggesting a coordinated DSC1 and CAMTA3 response in A. thaliana to Verticillium wilt. Analyses of GhDSC1 sequence polymorphism revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference between resistant and susceptible cotton accessions, within the P-loop motif encoded by GhDSC1. This SNP difference causes ineffective activation of defence response in susceptible cultivars. These results demonstrated that GhDSC1 confers Verticillium resistance in the model plant system of A. thaliana, and therefore represents a suitable candidate for the genetic engineering of Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Gang Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bao-Li Wang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chun-Mei Yin
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Song
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Kong
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Steven J Klosterman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, California, USA
| | - Jun-Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sabiu Adamu
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ting-Li Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Krishna V Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o United States Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, California, USA
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
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117
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Li T, Wang B, Yin C, Zhang D, Wang D, Song J, Zhou L, Kong Z, Klosterman SJ, Li J, Adamu S, Liu T, Subbarao KV, Chen J, Dai X. The Gossypium hirsutum TIR-NBS-LRR gene GhDSC1 mediates resistance against Verticillium wilt. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:857-876. [PMID: 30957942 PMCID: PMC6637886 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Improving genetic resistance is a preferred method to manage Verticillium wilt of cotton and other hosts. Identifying host resistance is difficult because of the dearth of resistance genes against this pathogen. Previously, a novel candidate gene involved in Verticillium wilt resistance was identified by a genome-wide association study using a panel of Gossypium hirsutum accessions. In this study, we cloned the candidate resistance gene from cotton that encodes a protein sharing homology with the TIR-NBS-LRR receptor-like defence protein DSC1 in Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter named GhDSC1). GhDSC1 expressed at higher levels in response to Verticillium wilt and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment in resistant cotton cultivars as compared to susceptible cultivars and its product was localized to nucleus. The transfer of GhDSC1 to Arabidopsis conferred Verticillium resistance in an A. thaliana dsc1 mutant. This resistance response was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and increased expression of JA-signalling-related genes. Furthermore, the expression of GhDSC1 in response to Verticillium wilt and JA signalling in A. thaliana displayed expression patterns similar to GhCAMTA3 in cotton under identical conditions, suggesting a coordinated DSC1 and CAMTA3 response in A. thaliana to Verticillium wilt. Analyses of GhDSC1 sequence polymorphism revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference between resistant and susceptible cotton accessions, within the P-loop motif encoded by GhDSC1. This SNP difference causes ineffective activation of defence response in susceptible cultivars. These results demonstrated that GhDSC1 confers Verticillium resistance in the model plant system of A. thaliana, and therefore represents a suitable candidate for the genetic engineering of Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Gang Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Bao‐Li Wang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Chun‐Mei Yin
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Dan‐Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing100193China
| | - Dan Wang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Jian Song
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing100193China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Kong
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Steven J. Klosterman
- United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceSalinasCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jun‐Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Sabiu Adamu
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Ting‐Li Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingJiangsu210014China
| | - Krishna V. Subbarao
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of California, Davis, c/o United States Agricultural Research StationSalinasCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jie‐Yin Chen
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing100193China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Dai
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing100193China
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118
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Longya A, Chaipanya C, Franceschetti M, Maidment JHR, Banfield MJ, Jantasuriyarat C. Gene Duplication and Mutation in the Emergence of a Novel Aggressive Allele of the AVR-Pik Effector in the Rice Blast Fungus. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:740-749. [PMID: 30601714 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-18-0245-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Higher yield potential and greater yield stability are common targets for crop breeding programs, including those in rice. Despite these efforts, biotic and abiotic stresses continue to impact rice production. Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most devastating disease affecting rice worldwide. In the field, resistant varieties are unstable and can become susceptible to disease within a few years of release due to the adaptive potential of the blast fungus, specifically in the effector (avirulence [AVR]) gene pool. Here, we analyzed genetic variation of the effector gene AVR-Pik in 58 rice blast isolates from Thailand and examined the interaction between AVR-Pik and the cognate rice resistance gene Pik. Our results reveal that Thai rice blast isolates are very diverse. We observe four AVR-Pik variants in the population, including three previously identified variants, AVR-PikA, AVR-PikD, and AVR-PikE, and one novel variant, which we named AVR-PikF. Interestingly, 28 of the isolates contained two copies of AVR-Pik, always in the combination of AVR-PikD and AVR-PikF. Blast isolates expressing only AVR-PikF show high virulence to rice cultivars encoding allelic Pik resistance genes, and the AVR-PikF protein does not interact with the integrated heavy metal-associated domain of the Pik resistance protein in vitro, suggesting a mechanism for immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apinya Longya
- 1 Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- 2 Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K.; and
| | - Chaivarakun Chaipanya
- 1 Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Marina Franceschetti
- 2 Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K.; and
| | - Josephine H R Maidment
- 2 Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K.; and
| | - Mark J Banfield
- 2 Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K.; and
| | - Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
- 1 Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- 3 Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University (CASTNAR, NRU-KU), Kasetsart University
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119
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Haddadi P, Larkan NJ, Borhan MH. Dissecting R gene and host genetic background effect on the Brassica napus defense response to Leptosphaeria maculans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6947. [PMID: 31061421 PMCID: PMC6502879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While our understanding of the genetics underlying the Brassica-Leptosphaeria pathosystem has advanced greatly in the last decade, differences in molecular responses due to interaction between resistance genes and host genetic background has not been studied. We applied RNAseq technology to monitor the transcriptome profiles of Brassica napus (Bn) lines carrying one of four blackleg R genes (Rlm2, Rlm3, LepR1 & LepR2) in Topas or Westar background, during the early stages of infection by a Leptosphaeria maculans (Lm) isolate carrying the corresponding Avr genes. We observed upregulation of host genes involved in hormone signalling, cell wall thickening, response to chitin and glucosinolate production in all R gene lines at 3 day after inoculation (dai) albeit having higher level of expression in LepR1 and Rlm2 than in Rlm3 and LepR2 lines. Bn-SOBIR1 (Suppressor Of BIR1-1), a receptor like kinase (RLK) that forms complex receptor like proteins (RLPs) was highly expressed in LepR1 and Rlm2 at 3 dai. In contrast Bn-SOBIR1 induction was low in Rlm3 line, which could indicate that Rlm3 may function independent of SOBIR1. Expression of Salicylic acid (SA) related defense was enhanced in LepR1 and Rlm2 at 3 dai. In contrast to SA, expression of Bn genes with homology to PDF1.2, a jasmonic acid (JA) pathway marker, were increased in all Rlm and LepR lines at 6 and 9 dai. Effect of host genetic background on induction of defense, was determined by comparison of LepR1 and LepR2 in Topas vs Westar genotype (i.e. T-LepR1 vs W-LepR1 and T-LepR2 vs W-LepR2). In both cases (regardless of R gene) overall number of defense related genes at the earliest time point (3 dai) was higher in Tops compared to Westar. SA and JA markers genes such as PR1 and PDF1.2 were more induced in Topas compared to Westar introgression lines at this time point. Even in the absence of any R gene, effect of Topas genotype in enhanced defense, was also evident by the induction of PDF1.2 that started at a low level at 3 dai and peaked at 6 and 9 dai, while no induction in Westar genotype was observed at any of these time points. Overall, variation in time and intensity of expression of genes related to defense, was clearly dependent on both R gene and the host genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Haddadi
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | | | - M Hossein Borhan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada.
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120
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Liu Z, Xie J, Wang H, Zhong X, Li H, Yu J, Kang J. Identification and expression profiling analysis of NBS-LRR genes involved in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans resistance in cabbage. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:202. [PMID: 31065502 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most important resistance (R) gene families in plants, the NBS-LRR genes, encoding proteins with nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, play significant roles in resisting pathogens. The published genomic data for cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) provide valuable data to identify and characterize the genomic organization of cabbage NBS-LRR genes. Ultimately, we identified 105 TIR (N-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor)-NBS-LRR (TNL) genes and 33 CC (coiled-coil)-NBS-LRR (CNL) genes. Further research indicated that 50.7% of the 138 NBS-LRR genes exist in 27 clusters and there are large differences among the gene structures and protein characteristics. Conserved motif and phylogenetic analysis showed that the structures of TNLs and CNLs were similar, with some differences. These NBS-LRRs are evolved under negative selection and mostly arose from whole-genome duplication events during evolution. Tissue-expression profiling of NBS-LRR genes revealed that 37.1% of the TNL genes are highly or specifically expressed in roots, especially the genes on chromosome 7 (76.5%). Digital gene expression and reverse transcription PCR analyses revealed the expression patterns of the NBS-LRR genes upon challenge by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans: nine genes were upregulated, and five were downregulated. The major resistance gene Foc1 probably works together with the other four genes in the same cluster to resist F. oxysporum infection.
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121
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Bartho JD, Demitri N, Bellini D, Flachowsky H, Peil A, Walsh MA, Benini S. The structure of Erwinia amylovora AvrRpt2 provides insight into protein maturation and induced resistance to fire blight by Malus × robusta 5. J Struct Biol 2019; 206:233-242. [PMID: 30928616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The AvrRpt2 protein of the phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora (AvrRpt2EA) is a secreted type III effector protein, which is recognised by the FB_MR5 resistance protein of Malus × robusta 5, the only identified resistance protein from a Malus species preventing E. amylovora infection. The crystal structure of the immature catalytic domain of AvrRpt2EA, a C70 family cysteine protease and type III effector, was determined to a resolution of 1.85 Å. The structure provides insights into the cyclophilin-dependent activation of AvrRpt2, and identifies a cryptic leucine of a non-canonical cyclophilin binding motif. The structure also suggests that residue Cys156, responsible for the gene induced resistance, is not involved in substrate determination, and hints that recognition by FB_MR5 is due to direct interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Bartho
- Bioorganic Chemistry and Bio-Crystallography Laboratory (B(2)Cl), Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Dom Bellini
- Diamond Light Source LTD, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom; Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Henryk Flachowsky
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, D-01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Peil
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, D-01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin A Walsh
- Diamond Light Source LTD, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom; Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Benini
- Bioorganic Chemistry and Bio-Crystallography Laboratory (B(2)Cl), Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
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Lim GH, Zhu S, Zhang K, Hoey T, Deragon JM, Kachroo A, Kachroo P. The analogous and opposing roles of double-stranded RNA-binding proteins in bacterial resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1627-1638. [PMID: 30843586 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis plasma membrane-localized resistance protein RPM1 is degraded upon the induction of the hypersensitive response (HR) triggered in response to its own activation or that of other unrelated resistance (R) proteins. We investigated the role of RPM1 turnover in RPM1-mediated resistance and showed that degradation of RPM1 is not associated with HR or resistance mediated by this R protein. Likewise, the runaway cell death phenotype in the lsd1 mutant was not associated with RPM1 degradation and did not alter RPM1-derived resistance. RPM1 stability and RPM1-mediated resistance were dependent on the double-stranded RNA binding (DRB) proteins 1 and 4. Interestingly, the function of DRB1 in RPM1-mediated resistance was not associated with its role in pre-miRNA processing. The DRB3 and DRB5 proteins negatively regulated RPM1-mediated resistance and a mutation in these completely or partially restored resistance in the drb1, drb2, and drb4 mutant backgrounds. Conversely, plants overexpressing DRB5 showed attenuated RPM1-mediated resistance. A similar role for DRBs in basal and R-mediated resistance suggests that these proteins play a general role in bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Shifeng Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Timothy Hoey
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Deragon
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS UMR, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Aardra Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Pradeep Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Wu Y, Xiao N, Chen Y, Yu L, Pan C, Li Y, Zhang X, Huang N, Ji H, Dai Z, Chen X, Li A. Comprehensive evaluation of resistance effects of pyramiding lines with different broad-spectrum resistance genes against Magnaporthe oryzae in rice (Oryza sativa L.). RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:11. [PMID: 30825053 PMCID: PMC6397272 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broad-spectrum resistance gene pyramiding helps the development of varieties with broad-spectrum and durable resistance to M. oryzae. However, detailed information about how these different sources of broad-spectrum resistance genes act together or what are the best combinations to achieve broad-spectrum and durable resistance is limited. RESULTS Here a set of fifteen different polygene pyramiding lines (PPLs) were constructed using marker-assisted selection (MAS). Using artificial inoculation assays at seedling and heading stage, combined with natural induction identification under multiple field environments, we evaluated systematically the resistance effects of different alleles of Piz locus (Pigm, Pi40, Pi9, Pi2 and Piz) combined with Pi1, Pi33 and Pi54, respectively, and the interaction effects between different R genes. The results showed that the seedling blast and panicle blast resistance levels of PPLs were significantly higher than that of monogenic lines. The main reason was that most of the gene combinations produced transgressive heterosis, and the transgressive heterosis for panicle blast resistance produced by most of PPLs was higher than that of seedling blast resistance. Different gene pyramiding with broad-spectrum R gene produced different interaction effects, among them, the overlapping effect (OE) between R genes could significantly improve the seedling blast resistance level of PPLs, while the panicle blast resistance of PPLs were remarkably correlated with OE and complementary effect (CE). In addition, we found that gene combinations, Pigm/Pi1, Pigm/Pi54 and Pigm/Pi33 displayed broad-spectrum resistance in artificial inoculation at seedling and heading stage, and displayed stable broad-spectrum resistance under different disease nursery. Besides, agronomic traits evaluation also showed PPLs with these three gene combinations were at par to the recurrent parent. Therefore, it would provide elite gene combination model and germplasms for rice blast resistance breeding program. CONCLUSIONS The development of PPLs and interaction effect analysis in this study provides valuable theoretical foundation and innovative resources for breeding broad-spectrum and durable resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Wu
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ning Xiao
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Colleges of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Cunhong Pan
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Niansheng Huang
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hongjuan Ji
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhengyuan Dai
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xijun Chen
- Colleges of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Aihong Li
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Kapos P, Devendrakumar KT, Li X. Plant NLRs: From discovery to application. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:3-18. [PMID: 30709490 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants require a complex immune system to defend themselves against a wide range of pathogens which threaten their growth and development. The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) are immune sensors that recognize effectors delivered by pathogens. The first NLR was cloned more than twenty years ago. Since this initial discovery, NLRs have been described as key components of plant immunity responsible for pathogen recognition and triggering defense responses. They have now been described in most of the well-studied mulitcellular plant species, with most having large NLR repertoires. As research has progressed so has the understanding of how NLRs interact with their recognition substrates and how they in turn activate downstream signalling. It has also become apparent that NLR regulation occurs at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Even before the first NLR was cloned, breeders were utilising such genes to increase crop performance. Increased understanding of the mechanistic details of the plant immune system enable the generation of plants resistant against devastating pathogens. This review aims to give an updated summary of the NLR field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kapos
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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125
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Transgressive segregation reveals mechanisms of Arabidopsis immunity to Brassica-infecting races of white rust ( Albugo candida). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2767-2773. [PMID: 30692254 PMCID: PMC6377460 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812911116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most plants resist most plant pathogens. Barley resists wheat-infecting powdery mildew races (and vice versa), and both barley and wheat resist potato late blight. Such “nonhost” resistance could result because the pathogen fails to suppress defense or triggers innate immunity due to failure to evade detection. Albugo candida causes white rust on most Brassicaceae, and we investigated Arabidopsis NHR to Brassica-infecting races. Transgressive segregation for resistance in Arabidopsis recombinant inbred lines revealed genes encoding nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors. Some of these NLR-encoding genes confer resistance to white rust in Brassica sp. This genetic method thus provides a route to reveal resistance genes for crops, widening the pool from which such genes might be obtained. Arabidopsis thaliana accessions are universally resistant at the adult leaf stage to white rust (Albugo candida) races that infect the crop species Brassica juncea and Brassica oleracea. We used transgressive segregation in recombinant inbred lines to test if this apparent species-wide (nonhost) resistance in A. thaliana is due to natural pyramiding of multiple Resistance (R) genes. We screened 593 inbred lines from an Arabidopsis multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) mapping population, derived from 19 resistant parental accessions, and identified two transgressive segregants that are susceptible to the pathogen. These were crossed to each MAGIC parent, and analysis of resulting F2 progeny followed by positional cloning showed that resistance to an isolate of A. candida race 2 (Ac2V) can be explained in each accession by at least one of four genes encoding nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors. An additional gene was identified that confers resistance to an isolate of A. candida race 9 (AcBoT) that infects B. oleracea. Thus, effector-triggered immunity conferred by distinct NLR-encoding genes in multiple A. thaliana accessions provides species-wide resistance to these crop pathogens.
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126
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The repertoire of effector candidates in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum reveals important information about Colletotrichum genus lifestyle. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2295-2309. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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127
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Pandey V, Gupta AK, Singh M, Pandey D, Kumar A. Complementary Proteomics, Genomics approaches identifies potential pathogenicity/virulence factors in Tilletia indica induced under the influence of host factor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:553. [PMID: 30679765 PMCID: PMC6346058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Karnal bunt disease of wheat is incited by quarantine fungal pathogen T. indica. Till date, there is little information on the pathogenic mechanisms involved in Karnal bunt. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, highly aggressive T. indica TiK isolate was cultured in the presence of host factor extracted from developing spikes of wheat variety WH-542. Modulation in protein profile of mycelial proteins and secretome from TiK cultured in the absence and presence of host factor was analyzed by 2-DE. Fifteen and twenty nine protein spots were up-regulated/differentially regulated in the proteome of mycelial and secreted proteins, respectively and identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF. Identified proteins are involved in suppression of host defense responses, lignin degradation of plant cell wall, penetration, adhesion of pathogen to host tissues, pathogen mediated reactive oxygen species generation, hydrolytic enzymes, detoxification of host generated reactive oxygen species. Further, integration of proteomic and genomic analysis has led to candidate pathogenicity/virulence factors identification. They were functionally annotated by sequence as well as structure based analysis. In this study, complementation of proteomics and genomics approaches resulted in novel pathogenicity/virulence factor(s) identification in T. indica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Pandey
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Atul Kumar Gupta
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Manoj Singh
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
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Lopez ALC, Yli-Matilla T, Cumagun CJR. Geographic Distribution of Avirulence Genes of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in the Philippines. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E23. [PMID: 30669441 PMCID: PMC6352036 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 131 contemporary and 33 reference isolates representing a number of multi-locus genotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae were subjected to a PCR test to detect the presence/absence of avirulence (Avr) genes. Results revealed that the more frequently occurring genes were Avr-Pik (81.50%), Avr-Pita (64.16%) and Avr-Pii (47.98%), whereas the less frequently occurring genes were Avr-Pizt (19.08%) and Avr-Pia (5.20%). It was also laid out that the presence of Avr genes in M. oryzae is strongly associated with agroecosystems where the complementary resistant (R) genes exist. No significant association, however, was noted on the functional Avr genes and the major geographic locations. Furthermore, it was identified that the upland varieties locally known as "Milagrosa" and "Waray" contained all the R genes complementary to the Avr genes tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Liza C Lopez
- Jose Rizal Memorial State University⁻Tampilisan Campus, Znac, 7101 Tampilisan, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines.
- Institute of Weed Science, Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031 Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
| | - Tapani Yli-Matilla
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Christian Joseph R Cumagun
- Institute of Weed Science, Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031 Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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129
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Araújo ACD, Fonseca FCDA, Cotta MG, Alves GSC, Miller RNG. Plant NLR receptor proteins and their potential in the development of durable genetic resistance to biotic stresses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biori.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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130
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Meng Q, Gupta R, Min CW, Kwon SW, Wang Y, Je BI, Kim YJ, Jeon JS, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Kim ST. Proteomics of Rice- Magnaporthe oryzae Interaction: What Have We Learned So Far? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1383. [PMID: 31737011 PMCID: PMC6828948 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the major constraints to rice production, which feeds half of the world's population. Proteomic technologies have been used as effective tools in plant-pathogen interactions to study the biological pathways involved in pathogen infection, plant response, and disease progression. Advancements in mass spectrometry (MS) and apoplastic and plasma membrane protein isolation methods facilitated the identification and quantification of subcellular proteomes during plant-pathogen interaction. Proteomic studies conducted during rice-M. oryzae interaction have led to the identification of several proteins eminently involved in pathogen perception, signal transduction, and the adjustment of metabolism to prevent plant disease. Some of these proteins include receptor-like kinases (RLKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and proteins related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and scavenging, hormone signaling, photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, protein degradation, and other defense responses. Moreover, post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphoproteomics and ubiquitin proteomics, during rice-M. oryzae interaction are also summarized in this review. In essence, proteomic studies carried out to date delineated the molecular mechanisms underlying rice-M. oryzae interactions and provided candidate proteins for the breeding of rice blast resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Meng
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Soon Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Byoung Il Je
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sun Tae Kim,
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Backer R, Naidoo S, van den Berg N. The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) and Related Family: Mechanistic Insights in Plant Disease Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:102. [PMID: 30815005 PMCID: PMC6381062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) and related NPR1-like proteins are a functionally similar, yet surprisingly diverse family of transcription co-factors. Initially, NPR1 in Arabidopsis was identified as a positive regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), paralogs NPR3 and NPR4 were later shown to be negative SAR regulators. The mechanisms involved have been the subject of extensive research and debate over the years, during which time a lot has been uncovered. The known roles of this protein family have extended to include influences over a broad range of systems including circadian rhythm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins and the development of lateral organs. Recently, important advances have been made in understanding the regulatory relationship between members of the NPR1-like protein family, providing new insight regarding their interactions, both with each other and other defense-related proteins. Most importantly the influence of salicylic acid (SA) on these interactions has become clearer with NPR1, NPR3, and NPR4 being considered bone fide SA receptors. Additionally, post-translational modification of NPR1 has garnered attention during the past years, adding to the growing regulatory complexity of this protein. Furthermore, growing interest in NPR1 overexpressing crops has provided new insights regarding the role of NPR1 in both biotic and abiotic stresses in several plant species. Given the wealth of information, this review aims to highlight and consolidate the most relevant and influential research in the field to date. In so doing, we attempt to provide insight into the mechanisms and interactions which underly the roles of the NPR1-like proteins in plant disease responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Backer
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Noëlani van den Berg
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Noëlani van den Berg,
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In silico Analysis of qBFR4 and qLBL5 in Conferring Quantitative Resistance Against Rice Blast. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.4.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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133
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Bentham AR, Zdrzałek R, De la Concepcion JC, Banfield MJ. Uncoiling CNLs: Structure/Function Approaches to Understanding CC Domain Function in Plant NLRs. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:2398-2408. [PMID: 30192967 PMCID: PMC6290485 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are intracellular pathogen receptors whose N-terminal domains are integral to signal transduction after perception of a pathogen-derived effector protein. The two major plant NLR classes are defined by the presence of either a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) or a coiled-coil (CC) domain at their N-terminus (TNLs and CNLs). Our knowledge of how CC domains function in plant CNLs lags behind that of how TIR domains function in plant TNLs. CNLs are the most abundant class of NLRs in monocotyledonous plants, and further research is required to understand the molecular mechanisms of how these domains contribute to disease resistance in cereal crops. Previous studies of CC domains have revealed functional diversity, making categorization difficult, which in turn makes experimental design for assaying function challenging. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of CC domain function in plant CNLs, highlighting the differences in modes of action and structure. To aid experimental design in exploring CC domain function, we present a 'best-practice' guide to designing constructs through use of sequence and secondary structure comparisons and discuss the relevant assays for investigating CC domain function. Finally, we discuss whether using homology modeling is useful to describe putative CC domain function in CNLs through parallels with the functions of previously characterized helical adaptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Bentham
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Rafał Zdrzałek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Mark J Banfield
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Song H, Guo Z, Chen T, Sun J, Yang G. Genome-wide identification of LRR-containing sequences and the response of these sequences to nematode infection in Arachis duranensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:279. [PMID: 30424729 PMCID: PMC6234637 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing genes are involved in responses to various diseases. Recently, RNA-seq data from A. duranensis after nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) infection were released. However, the number of LRR-containing genes present in A. duranensis and the response of LRR-containing genes to nematode infection are poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, we found 509 amino acid sequences containing nine types of LRR domains in A. duranensis. The inferred phylogenetic relationships revealed that the nine types of LRR domains had two originations. The inferred selective pressure was mainly consistent with LRR domains undergoing purifying selection. Twenty-one LRR-containing genes were associated with possible resistance to nematode infection after 3, 6, and 9 days. Among them, Aradu.T5WNW, Aradu.JM17V, and Aradu.MKP1A were up-regulate at these three time points, while Aradu.QD5DS and Aradu.M0ENQ were up-regulated 6 and 9 days after nematode infection. The expression of the above mentioned five genes was significantly and negatively correlated with the number of LRR8 domain, indicating that fewer LRR8 domains are associated with the promotion of LRR-containing genes that resist nematode infection. Patterns of co-expression and cis-acting elements indicated that WRKY possibly regulate the responses of LRR-containing genes to nematode infection and that expansin genes may work together with LRR-containing genes in response to nematode infection. CONCLUSIONS We identified the number and type of LRR-containing genes in A. duranensis. The LRR-containing genes that were found appear to be involved in responses to nematode infection. The number of LRR8 domains was negatively correlated with expression after nematode infection. The WRKY transcription factor may regulate resistance to nematode infection based on LRR-containing genes. Our results could improve the understanding of resistance to nematodes and molecular breeding in peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- Grassland Agri-husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Zhonglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Juan Sun
- Grassland Agri-husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Grassland Agri-husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
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135
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Zhang X, He D, Zhao Y, Cheng X, Zhao W, Taylor IA, Yang J, Liu J, Peng YL. A positive-charged patch and stabilized hydrophobic core are essential for avirulence function of AvrPib in the rice blast fungus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:133-146. [PMID: 29989241 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fungal avirulence effectors, a key weapon utilized by pathogens to promote their infection, are recognized by immune receptors to boost host R gene-mediated resistance. Many avirulence effectors share sparse sequence homology to proteins with known functions, and their molecular and biochemical functions together with the evolutionary relationship among different members remain largely unknown. Here, the crystal structure of AvrPib, an avirulence effector from Magnaporthe oryzae, was determined and showed a high degree of similarity to the M. oryzae Avrs and ToxB (MAX) effectors. Compared with other MAX effectors, AvrPib has a distinct positive-charge patch formed by five positive-charged residues (K29, K30, R50, K52 and K70) on the surface. These five key residues were essential to avirulence function of AvrPib and affected its nuclear localization into host cells. Moreover, residues V39 and V58, which locate in the hydrophobic core of the structure, cause loss of function of AvrPib by single-point mutation in natural isolates. In comparison with the wild-type AvrPib, the V39A or V58A mutations resulted in a partial or entire loss of secondary structure elements. Taken together, our results suggest that differences in the surface charge distribution of avirulence proteins could be one of the major bases for the variation in effector-receptor specificity, and that destabilization of the hydrophobic core is one of the major mechanisms employed by AvrPib for the fungus to evade recognition by resistance factors in the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan He
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xilan Cheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ian A Taylor
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jun Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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136
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Kim SB, Lee HY, Choi EH, Park E, Kim JH, Moon KB, Kim HS, Choi D. The Coiled-Coil and Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain of the Potyvirus Resistance Protein Pvr4 Has a Distinct Role in Signaling and Pathogen Recognition. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:906-913. [PMID: 29663867 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-17-0313-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The pepper Pvr4 protein encoding coiled-coil (CC) nucleotide-binding (NB) leucine-rich repeat (LRR) (NLR) confer hypersensitive response (HR) to potyviruses, including Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), by recognizing the viral avirulence protein NIb. To figure out the Pvr4-mediated HR mechanism, we analyzed signaling component genes and structure-function relationships of Pvr4, using chimeras and deletion mutants in Nicotiana benthamiana. Molecular chaperone components including HSP90, SGT1, and RAR1 were required, while plant hormones and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling components had little effect on Pvr4-NIb-mediated HR cell death. Domain swap analyses indicated that the LRR domain of Pvr4 determines recognition of PepMoV-NIb. Our deletion analysis further revealed that the CC domain or CC-NBARC domain alone can trigger autoactive cell death in N. benthamiana. However, the fragments having only an LRR domain could suppress CC-NBARC domain-induced cell death in trans. Further, C-terminal truncation analysis of Pvr4 revealed that a minimum three of five LRR exons showing high similarity was essential for Pvr4 function. The LRR domain may maintain Pvr4 in an inactive state in the absence of NIb. These results provide further insight into the structure and function of NLR protein signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saet-Byul Kim
- 1 Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- 1 Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Eun-Hye Choi
- 1 Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Eunsook Park
- 1 Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- 1 Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Ki-Beom Moon
- 2 Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, KRIBB, Yusung, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- 2 Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, KRIBB, Yusung, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- 1 Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; and
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137
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Chen X, Jia Y, Jia MH, Pinson SRM, Wang X, Wu BM. Functional Interactions Between Major Rice Blast Resistance Genes, Pi-ta and Pi-b, and Minor Blast Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:1095-1103. [PMID: 29658844 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-18-0032-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Major blast resistance (R) genes confer resistance in a gene-for-gene manner. However, little information is available on interactions between R genes. In this study, interactions between two rice blast R genes, Pi-ta and Pi-b, and other minor blast resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were investigated in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population comprising 243 RILs from a Cybonnet (CYBT) × Saber (SB) cross. CYBT has the R gene Pi-ta and SB has Pi-b. Ten differential isolates of four Magnaporthe oryzae races (IB-1, IB-17, IB-49, and IE-1K) were used to evaluate disease reactions of the 243 RILs under greenhouse conditions. Five resistance QTLs were mapped on chromosomes 2, 3, 8, 9, and 12 with a linkage map of 179 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Among them, qBR12 (Q1), was mapped at the Pi-ta locus and accounted for 45.41% of phenotypic variation while qBR2 (Q2) was located at the Pi-b locus and accounted for 24.81% of disease reactions. The additive-by-additive epistatic interaction between Q1 (Pi-ta) and Q2 (Pi-b) was detected; they can enhance the disease resistance by an additive 0.93 using the 0 to 9 standard phenotyping method. These results suggest that Pi-ta interacts synergistically with Pi-b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Chen
- First and sixth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100193; and first, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center (DB NRRC), Stuttgart, AR 72160
| | - Yulin Jia
- First and sixth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100193; and first, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center (DB NRRC), Stuttgart, AR 72160
| | - Melissa H Jia
- First and sixth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100193; and first, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center (DB NRRC), Stuttgart, AR 72160
| | - Shannon R M Pinson
- First and sixth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100193; and first, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center (DB NRRC), Stuttgart, AR 72160
| | - Xueyan Wang
- First and sixth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100193; and first, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center (DB NRRC), Stuttgart, AR 72160
| | - B M Wu
- First and sixth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100193; and first, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center (DB NRRC), Stuttgart, AR 72160
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138
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Monteiro F, Nishimura MT. Structural, Functional, and Genomic Diversity of Plant NLR Proteins: An Evolved Resource for Rational Engineering of Plant Immunity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:243-267. [PMID: 29949721 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ a diverse intracellular system of NLR (nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat) innate immune receptors to detect pathogens of all types. These receptors represent valuable agronomic traits that plant breeders rely on to maximize yield in the face of devastating pathogens. Despite their importance, the mechanistic underpinnings of NLR-based disease resistance remain obscure. The rapidly increasing numbers of plant genomes are revealing a diverse array of NLR-type immune receptors. In parallel, mechanistic studies are describing diverse functions for NLR immune receptors. In this review, we intend to broadly describe how the structural, functional, and genomic diversity of plant immune receptors can provide a valuable resource for rational engineering of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Monteiro
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280, USA
| | - Marc T Nishimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1870;
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139
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Thulasi Devendrakumar K, Li X, Zhang Y. MAP kinase signalling: interplays between plant PAMP- and effector-triggered immunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2981-2989. [PMID: 29789867 PMCID: PMC11105241 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In plants, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in regulating many biological processes including immunity. They relay signals from membrane-residing immune receptors to downstream components for defense activation. Arabidopsis MPK3/6 and MPK4 are activated in two parallel MAPK cascades during PAMP-triggered immunity. MPK3/6 have been implicated in the activation of various immune responses and their inactivation leads to compromised defense against pathogens. On the other hand, the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade plays critical roles in basal resistance. Disruption of this MAPK cascade results in constitutive defense responses mediated by the NB-LRR protein SUMM2. Interestingly, SUMM2 guards the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade activity indirectly through monitoring the phosphorylation status of CRCK3, which is a substrate of MPK4. From the pathogens' side, a number of effectors are shown to target various components of MAPK cascades in plants. Inactivation of MPK4 by the Pseudomonas effector HopAI1 triggers SUMM2-mediated immunity. Together, these findings suggest intricate interplays between PAMP-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity via MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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140
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Zhou R, Zhou X, Fan A, Wang Z, Huang B. Differential Functions of Two Metalloproteases, Mrmep1 and Mrmep2, in Growth, Sporulation, Cell Wall Integrity, and Virulence in the Filamentous Fungus Metarhizium robertsii. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1528. [PMID: 30034386 PMCID: PMC6043653 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Metarhizium genus of filamentous entomopathogenic fungi plays a pivotal role in regulating insect populations. Metalloproteases (MEPs) are a widely distributed and diverse family of hydrolytic enzymes that are important toxicity factors in the interactions between fungi and their hosts. Herein, we characterized two MEPs, Mrmep1 and Mrmep2, in Metarhizium robertsii using gene deletion. Growth rates of the resulting ΔMrmep1 and ΔMrmep2 mutants decreased by 16.2 and 16.5%, respectively, relative to the wild-type (WT) strain. Both mutants were less sensitive to cell wall-perturbing agents, sodium dodecyl sulfate and Congo red than the WT strain, whereas did not show any obvious changes in fungal sensitivity to ultraviolet B irradiation or heat stress. The conidial yield of ΔMrmep1, ΔMrmep2, and ΔMrmep1ΔMrmep2 mutants decreased by 56.0, 23, and 53%, respectively. Insect bioassay revealed that median lethal time values against Galleria mellonella increased by 25.5% (ΔMrmep1), 19% (ΔMrmep2), and 28.8% (ΔMrmep1ΔMrmep2) compared with the WT strain at a concentration of 1 × 107 conidia mL-1, suggesting attenuated fungal virulence in the ΔMrmep1, ΔMrmep2, and ΔMrmep1ΔMrmep2 strains. During fungal infection, transcription levels of Mrmep1 was 1.6-fold higher than Mrmep2 at 36 h post inoculation. Additionally, transcription levels of gallerimycin gene were 1.2-fold, 2.18-fold, and 2.5-fold higher in insects infected with the ΔMrmep1, ΔMrmep2, or ΔMrmep1ΔMrmep2 mutant than those infected with the WT strain, respectively. Our findings suggest that Mrmep1 and Mrmep2 are differentially contributed to the growth, sporulation, cell wall integrity, and virulence of M. robertsii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiazhi Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ali Fan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhangxun Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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141
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Deng Y, Chen H, Zhang C, Cai T, Zhang B, Zhou S, Fountain JC, Pan RL, Guo B, Zhuang WJ. Evolution and characterisation of the AhRAF4 NB-ARC gene family induced by Aspergillus flavus inoculation and abiotic stresses in peanut. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:737-750. [PMID: 29603544 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination in peanut is a serious food safety issue to human health around the world. Finding disease resistance genes is a key strategy for genetic improvement in breeding to deal with this issue. We identified an Aspergillus flavus-induced NBS-LRR gene, AhRAF4, using a microarray-based approach. By comparison of 23 sequences from three species using phytogenetics, protein secondary structure and three-dimensional structural analyses, AhRAF4 was revealed to be derived from Arachis duranensis by recombination, and has newly evolved into a family of several members, characterised by duplications and point mutations. However, the members of the family descended from A. ipaensis were lost following tetraploidisation. AhRAF4 was slightly up-regulated by low temperature, drought, salicylic acid and ethylene, but down-regulated by methyl jasmonate. The distinct responses upon As. flavus inoculation and the differential reactions between resistant and susceptible varieties indicate that AhRAF4 might play a role in defence responses. Temporal and spatial expression and the phenotype of transformed protoplasts suggest that AhRAF4 may also be associated with pericarp development. Because tetraploid cultivated peanuts are vulnerable to many pathogens, an exploration of R-genes may provide an effective method for genetic improvement of peanut cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - H Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - C Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - T Cai
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - B Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - S Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - J C Fountain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - R-L Pan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, China
| | - B Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - W-J Zhuang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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142
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The rice blast resistance gene Ptr encodes an atypical protein required for broad-spectrum disease resistance. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2039. [PMID: 29795191 PMCID: PMC5966436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant resistance genes typically encode proteins with nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NLR) domains. Here we show that Ptr is an atypical resistance gene encoding a protein with four Armadillo repeats. Ptr is required for broad-spectrum blast resistance mediated by the NLR R gene Pi-ta and by the associated R gene Pi-ta2. Ptr is expressed constitutively and encodes two isoforms that are mainly localized in the cytoplasm. A two base pair deletion within the Ptr coding region in the fast neutron-generated mutant line M2354 creates a truncated protein, resulting in susceptibility to M. oryzae. Targeted mutation of Ptr in a resistant cultivar using CRISPR/Cas9 leads to blast susceptibility, further confirming its resistance function. The cloning of Ptr may aid in the development of broad spectrum blast resistant rice.
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143
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Cheng J, Fan H, Li L, Hu B, Liu H, Liu Z. Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analyses of RPP13-like Genes in Barley. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-017-2203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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144
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Singh PK, Ray S, Thakur S, Rathour R, Sharma V, Sharma TR. Co-evolutionary interactions between host resistance and pathogen avirulence genes in rice-Magnaporthe oryzae pathosystem. Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 115:9-19. [PMID: 29630984 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rice and Magnaporthe oryzae constitutes an ideal pathosystem for studying host-pathogen interaction in cereals crops. There are two alternative hypotheses, viz. Arms race and Trench warfare, which explain the co-evolutionary dynamics of hosts and pathogens which are under continuous confrontation. Arms race proposes that both R- and Avr- genes of host and pathogen, respectively, undergo positive selection. Alternatively, trench warfare suggests that either R- or Avr- gene in the pathosystem is under balanced selection intending to stabilize the genetic advantage gained over the opposition. Here, we made an attempt to test the above-stated hypotheses in rice-M. oryzae pathosystem at loci of three R-Avr gene pairs, Piz-t-AvrPiz-t, Pi54-AvrPi54 and Pita-AvrPita using allele mining approach. Allele mining is an efficient way to capture allelic variants existing in the population and to study the selective forces imposed on the variants during evolution. Results of nucleotide diversity, neutrality statistics and phylogenetic analyses reveal that Piz-t, Pi54 and AvrPita are diversified and under positive selection at their corresponding loci, while their counterparts, AvrPiz-t, AvrPi54 and Pita are conserved and under balancing selection, in nature. These results imply that rice-M. oryzae populations are engaged in a trench warfare at least at the three R/Avr loci studied. It is a maiden attempt to study the co-evolution of three R-Avr gene pairs in this pathosystem. Knowledge gained from this study will help in understanding the evolutionary dynamics of host-pathogen interaction in a better way and will also aid in developing new durable blast resistant rice varieties in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 012, India; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan 304 022, India
| | - Soham Ray
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Shallu Thakur
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Rajeev Rathour
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK HPKV, Palampur, H.P. 176 062, India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan 304 022, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 012, India; National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140 306, India.
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145
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Rise of a Cereal Killer: The Biology of Magnaporthe oryzae Biotrophic Growth. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:582-597. [PMID: 29395728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, causes one of the most destructive diseases of cultivated rice in the world. Infections caused by this recalcitrant pathogen lead to the annual destruction of approximately 10-30% of the rice harvested globally. The fungus undergoes extensive developmental changes to be able to break into plant cells, build elaborate infection structures, and proliferate inside host cells without causing visible disease symptoms. From a molecular standpoint, we are still in the infancy of understanding how M. oryzae manipulates the host during this complex multifaceted infection. Here, we describe recent advances in our understanding of the cell biology of M. oryzae biotrophic interaction and key molecular factors required for the disease establishment in rice cells.
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146
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Early Forecasting of Rice Blast Disease Using Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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147
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Stotz HU, de Oliveira Almeida R, Davey N, Steuber V, Valente GT. Review of combinations of experimental and computational techniques to identify and understand genes involved in innate immunity and effector-triggered defence. Methods 2017; 131:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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148
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Ma S, Song Q, Tao H, Harrison A, Wang S, Liu W, Lin S, Zhang Z, Ai Y, He H. Prediction of protein–protein interactions between fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). Brief Bioinform 2017; 20:448-456. [DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbx132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
| | - Qi Song
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
| | - Huan Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
| | - Andrew Harrison
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, UK
| | - Shaobo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
| | - Shoukai Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-toxicological Effects and Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University
| | - Ziding Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agriculture University, China
| | - Yufang Ai
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
| | - Huaqin He
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
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149
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Dong L, Liu S, Xu P, Deng W, Li X, Tharreau D, Li J, Zhou J, Wang Q, Tao D, Yang Q. Fine mapping of Pi57(t) conferring broad spectrum resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae in introgression line IL-E1454 derived from Oryza longistaminata. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186201. [PMID: 29016662 PMCID: PMC5634632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild species of the genus Oryza are excellent gene pools for improvement of agronomic traits of Asian cultivated rice. The blast resistance gene Pi57(t) in the introgression line IL-E1454 derived from Oryza longistaminata was previously mapped on rice chromosome 12. Inoculation with 322 Magnaporthe oryzae isolates collected from 6 countries indicated that Pi57(t) conferred broad spectrum resistance against M. oryzae. Two mapping populations consisting of 29070 and 10375 F2 plants derived from the crosses of resistant donor IL-E1454 with susceptible parents RD23 and Lijiangxintuanheigu respectively, were used for fine mapping of Pi57(t) locus. Based on genotyping and phenotyping results of recombinants screened from the two crosses, Pi57(t) was finally mapped to a 51.7-kb region flanked by two molecular markers (STS57-320 and STS57-372) on the short arm and close to the centromere of chromosome 12. Six candidate resistance genes were predicted in the target region according to the reference sequence of Nipponbare. These results could facilitate both marker-assisted selection for disease-resistant breeding and gene cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Dong
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shufang Liu
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Food Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Food Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xundong Li
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Didier Tharreau
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR BGPI, Montpellier, France
| | - Jing Li
- Food Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiawu Zhou
- Food Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dayun Tao
- Food Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail: (DT); (QY)
| | - Qinzhong Yang
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail: (DT); (QY)
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150
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Ashwin NMR, Barnabas L, Ramesh Sundar A, Malathi P, Viswanathan R, Masi A, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R. Comparative secretome analysis of Colletotrichum falcatum identifies a cerato-platanin protein (EPL1) as a potential pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) inducing systemic resistance in sugarcane. J Proteomics 2017; 169:2-20. [PMID: 28546091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum falcatum, an intriguing hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen causes red rot, a devastating disease of sugarcane. Repeated in vitro subculturing of C. falcatum under dark condition alters morphology and reduces virulence of the culture. Hitherto, no information is available on this phenomenon at molecular level. In this study, the in vitro secretome of C. falcatum cultured under light and dark conditions was analyzed using 2-DE coupled with MALDI TOF/TOF MS. Comparative analysis identified nine differentially abundant proteins. Among them, seven proteins were less abundant in the dark-cultured C. falcatum, wherein only two protein species of a cerato-platanin protein called EPL1 (eliciting plant response-like protein) were found to be highly abundant. Transcriptional expression of candidate high abundant proteins was profiled during host-pathogen interaction using qRT-PCR. Comprehensively, this comparative secretome analysis identified five putative effectors, two pathogenicity-related proteins and one pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) of C. falcatum. Functional characterization of three distinct domains of the PAMP (EPL1) showed that the major cerato-platanin domain (EPL1∆N1-92) is exclusively essential for inducing defense and hypersensitive response (HR) in sugarcane and tobacco, respectively. Further, priming with EPL1∆N1-92 protein induced systemic resistance and significantly suppressed the red rot severity in sugarcane. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Being the first secretomic investigation of C. falcatum, this study has identified five potential effectors, two pathogenicity-related proteins and a PAMP. Although many reports have highlighted the influence of light on pathogenicity, this study has established a direct link between light and expression of effectors, for the first time. This study has presented the influence of a novel N-terminal domain of EPL1 in physical and biological properties and established the functional role of major cerato-platanin domain of EPL1 as a potential elicitor inducing systemic resistance in sugarcane. Comprehensively, the study has identified proteins that putatively contribute to virulence of C. falcatum and for the first time, demonstrated the potential role of EPL1 in inducing PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M R Ashwin
- Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, India
| | - Leonard Barnabas
- Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, India
| | - Amalraj Ramesh Sundar
- Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, India.
| | - Palaniyandi Malathi
- Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, India
| | - Rasappa Viswanathan
- Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, India
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova 35020, Italy
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Kathmandu 13265, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Kathmandu 13265, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, and Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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