101
|
Das S, Goldstone AB, Wang H, Farry J, D'Amato G, Paulsen MJ, Eskandari A, Hironaka CE, Phansalkar R, Sharma B, Rhee S, Shamskhou EA, Agalliu D, de Jesus Perez V, Woo YJ, Red-Horse K. A Unique Collateral Artery Development Program Promotes Neonatal Heart Regeneration. Cell 2019; 176:1128-1142.e18. [PMID: 30686582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Collateral arteries are an uncommon vessel subtype that can provide alternate blood flow to preserve tissue following vascular occlusion. Some patients with heart disease develop collateral coronary arteries, and this correlates with increased survival. However, it is not known how these collaterals develop or how to stimulate them. We demonstrate that neonatal mouse hearts use a novel mechanism to build collateral arteries in response to injury. Arterial endothelial cells (ECs) migrated away from arteries along existing capillaries and reassembled into collateral arteries, which we termed "artery reassembly". Artery ECs expressed CXCR4, and following injury, capillary ECs induced its ligand, CXCL12. CXCL12 or CXCR4 deletion impaired collateral artery formation and neonatal heart regeneration. Artery reassembly was nearly absent in adults but was induced by exogenous CXCL12. Thus, understanding neonatal regenerative mechanisms can identify pathways that restore these processes in adults and identify potentially translatable therapeutic strategies for ischemic heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyashree Das
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew B Goldstone
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justin Farry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gaetano D'Amato
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael J Paulsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anahita Eskandari
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Camille E Hironaka
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ragini Phansalkar
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bikram Sharma
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Siyeon Rhee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elya Ali Shamskhou
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dritan Agalliu
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell Biology, and Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Gatzke N, Güc N, Hillmeister P, Dülsner A, Le Noble F, Buschmann EE, Ingwersen M, Bramlage P, Buschmann IR. Cardiovascular drugs attenuated myocardial resistance against ischaemia-induced and reperfusion-induced injury in a rat model of repetitive occlusion. Open Heart 2019; 5:e000889. [PMID: 30613411 PMCID: PMC6307560 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated the impact of cardioprotective drugs on ST-elevation, arrhythmias and infarct size in a rat model of repetitive coronary artery occlusion. Methods Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised to two control and five treatment groups. Placebo was either implantation of a pneumatic occluder onto the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) without starting repetitive occlusion (SHAM) or subsequent RO of the LAD over 10 days without medication (ROP). Treatment groups underwent RO and additionally received nitroglycerin (NTG), metoprolol, verapamil (VER), ranolazine (RAN) or candesartan (CAN). Two weeks after the intervention, rats underwent a single, sustained LAD occlusion followed by reperfusion. To evaluate differences in cardiac resistance against myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury, cardiac surrogate parameters including maximal ST-elevation, arrhythmias and infarct size were assessed. Results Compared with sham, RO alone and RO plus nitroglycerin were associated with significantly lower maximal ST-elevation and percentage of infarcted myocardium (SHAM 0.12 mV, ROP 0.06 mV (p=0.004), NTG 0.05 mV (p=0.005); SHAM 16.2%, ROP 6.6% (p=0.008), NTG 5.9% (p=0.006). Compared with RO alone, RO plus RAN was accompanied by increased ST-elevation (0.13 mV, p=0.018) and RO plusVER or CAN by more infarcted myocardium (14.2%, p=0.004% and 15.5%, p=0.003, respectively). Rats treated with VER, RAN or CAN tended to severe arrhythmias more frequently than those of the control groups. Conclusions RO led to an increased myocardial resistance against ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Concomitant administration of nitroglycerin did not affect the efficacy of RO. Cardiovascular channel or receptor blockers reduced the efficacy of RO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gatzke
- Department for Angiology, Brandenburg Medical School, Campus Brandenburg/Havel, Brandenburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Charité University Hospital, Campus Virchow, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR) Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadija Güc
- Department of Cardiology, Charité University Hospital, Campus Virchow, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR) Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Hillmeister
- Department for Angiology, Brandenburg Medical School, Campus Brandenburg/Havel, Brandenburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Charité University Hospital, Campus Virchow, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR) Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Dülsner
- Department of Cardiology, Charité University Hospital, Campus Virchow, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR) Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Le Noble
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology & Institute for Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eva Elina Buschmann
- Department for Angiology, Brandenburg Medical School, Campus Brandenburg/Havel, Brandenburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Charité University Hospital, Campus Virchow, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR) Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maja Ingwersen
- Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Cloppenburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bramlage
- Department for Angiology, Brandenburg Medical School, Campus Brandenburg/Havel, Brandenburg, Germany
- Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Cloppenburg, Germany
| | - Ivo R Buschmann
- Department for Angiology, Brandenburg Medical School, Campus Brandenburg/Havel, Brandenburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Charité University Hospital, Campus Virchow, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR) Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Lüscher TF. Assessing myocardial ischaemia in epicardial coronaries and the microcirculation. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:4047-4050. [PMID: 30535019 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Lüscher
- Imperial College and Director of Research, Education & Development, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals London, UK.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,EHJ Editorial Office, Zurich Heart House, Hottingerstreet 14, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Jamaiyar A, Juguilon C, Dong F, Cumpston D, Enrick M, Chilian WM, Yin L. Cardioprotection during ischemia by coronary collateral growth. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H1-H9. [PMID: 30379567 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00145.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart diseases (IHD) cause millions of deaths around the world annually. While surgical and pharmacological interventions are commonly used to treat patients with IHD, their efficacy varies from patient to patient and is limited by the severity of the disease. One promising, at least theoretically, approach for treating IHD is induction of coronary collateral growth (CCG). Coronary collaterals are arteriole-to-arteriole anastomoses that can undergo expansion and remodeling in the setting of coronary disease when the disease elicits myocardial ischemia and creates a pressure difference across the collateral vessel that creates unidirectional flow. Well-developed collaterals can restore blood flow in the ischemic area of the myocardium and protect the myocardium at risk. Moreover, such collaterals are correlated to reduced mortality and infarct size and better cardiac function during occlusion of coronary arteries. Therefore, understanding the process of CCG is highly important as a potentially viable treatment of IHD. While there are several excellent review articles on this topic, this review will provide a unified overview of the various aspects related to CCG as well as an update of the advancements in the field. We also call for more detailed studies with an interdisciplinary approach to advance our knowledge of CCG. In this review, we will describe growth of coronary collaterals, the various factors that contribute to CCG, animal models used to study CCG, and the cardioprotective effects of coronary collaterals during ischemia. We will also discuss the impairment of CCG in metabolic syndrome and the therapeutic potentials of CCG in IHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Jamaiyar
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio
| | - Cody Juguilon
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Devan Cumpston
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Molly Enrick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Baeyens N. Fluid shear stress sensing in vascular homeostasis and remodeling: Towards the development of innovative pharmacological approaches to treat vascular dysfunction. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:185-191. [PMID: 30365948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blood circulation, facilitating gas exchange and nutrient transportation, is a quintessential feature of life in vertebrates. Any disruption to blood flow, may it be by blockade or traumatic rupture, irrevocably leads to tissue infarction or death. Therefore, it is not surprising that hemostasis and vascular adaptation measures have been evolutionarily selected to mitigate the adverse consequences of altered circulation. Blood vessels can be broadly categorized as arteries, veins, or capillaries, based on their structure, hemodynamics, and gas exchange. However, all of them share one property: they are lined with an epithelial sheet called the endothelium, which typically lies on a basement membrane. This endothelium is the primary interface between the flowing blood and the rest of the body, and it has highly specialized molecular mechanisms to detect and respond to changes in blood perfusion. The purpose of this commentary will be to highlight some of the recent developments in the research on blood flow sensing, vascular remodeling, and homeostasis and to discuss the development of innovative pharmaceutical approaches targeting mechanosensing mechanisms to prolong patient survival and improve quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Baeyens
- Laboratoire de physiologie et pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Castro PR, Barbosa AS, Pereira JM, Ranfley H, Felipetto M, Gonçalves CAX, Paiva IR, Berg BB, Barcelos LS. Cellular and Molecular Heterogeneity Associated with Vessel Formation Processes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6740408. [PMID: 30406137 PMCID: PMC6199857 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6740408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The microvasculature heterogeneity is a complex subject in vascular biology. The difficulty of building a dynamic and interactive view among the microenvironments, the cellular and molecular heterogeneities, and the basic aspects of the vessel formation processes make the available knowledge largely fragmented. The neovascularisation processes, termed vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis, are important to the formation and proper functioning of organs and tissues both in the embryo and the postnatal period. These processes are intrinsically related to microvascular cells, such as endothelial and mural cells. These cells are able to adjust their activities in response to the metabolic and physiological requirements of the tissues, by displaying a broad plasticity that results in a significant cellular and molecular heterogeneity. In this review, we intend to approach the microvasculature heterogeneity in an integrated view considering the diversity of neovascularisation processes and the cellular and molecular heterogeneity that contribute to microcirculatory homeostasis. For that, we will cover their interactions in the different blood-organ barriers and discuss how they cooperate in an integrated regulatory network that is controlled by specific molecular signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana Ribeiro Castro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Alan Sales Barbosa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Jousie Michel Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Hedden Ranfley
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Mariane Felipetto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Xavier Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Isabela Ribeiro Paiva
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Bárbara Betônico Berg
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Luciola Silva Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Ge X, Yin Z, Fan Y, Vassilevski Y, Liang F. A multi-scale model of the coronary circulation applied to investigate transmural myocardial flow. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 34:e3123. [PMID: 29947132 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of blood flow in myocardium is a key determinant of the localization and severity of myocardial ischemia under impaired coronary perfusion conditions. Previous studies have extensively demonstrated the transmural difference of ischemic vulnerability. However, it remains incompletely understood how transmural myocardial flow is regulated under in vivo conditions. In the present study, a computational model of the coronary circulation was developed to quantitatively evaluate the sensitivity of transmural flow distribution to various cardiovascular and hemodynamic factors. The model was further incorporated with the flow autoregulatory mechanism to simulate the regulation of myocardial flow in the presence of coronary artery stenosis. Numerical tests demonstrated that heart rate (HR), intramyocardial tissue pressure (Pim ), and coronary perfusion pressure (Pper ) were the major determinant factors for transmural flow distribution (evaluated by the subendocardial-to-subepicardial (endo/epi) flow ratio) and that the flow autoregulatory mechanism played an important compensatory role in preserving subendocardial perfusion against reduced Pper . Further analysis for HR variation-induced hemodynamic changes revealed that the rise in endo/epi flow ratio accompanying HR decrease was attributable not only to the prolongation of cardiac diastole relative to systole, but more predominantly to the fall in Pim . Moreover, it was found that Pim and Pper interfered with each other with respect to their influence on transmural flow distribution. These results demonstrate the interactive effects of various cardiovascular and hemodynamic factors on transmural myocardial flow, highlighting the importance of taking into account patient-specific conditions in the explanation of clinical observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Ge
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration (CISSE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhaofang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuri Vassilevski
- Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
- Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Fuyou Liang
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration (CISSE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Shen M, Bai D, Liu B, Lu X, Hou R, Zeng C, Li N, Fu Z, Li C, Tao L, Wang H, Yin T. Dysregulated Txnip-ROS-Wnt axis contributes to the impaired ischemic heart repair in diabetic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3735-3745. [PMID: 30261287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced impairment of angiogenesis contributes to the unfavorable prognosis of myocardial ischemia in long-standing diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanism remains largely unknown and therapeutic strategies thereby limited. In the present study, we investigated the possible involvement of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the context, and their possible relation was also explored. STZ induced diabetic mice were subjected to myocardial infarction (MI). Adenovirus expressing shTXNIP, shCtnnb1 (β-catenin) driven by VE-Cadherin promoter was administered intramyocardially immediately after MI. Cardiac function, histology, and molecular analyses were performed at predetermined time points. Increased endothelial expression of TXNIP was found in diabetic hearts, which correlated well with reduced nuclear β-catenin expression, insufficient angiogenesis, aggravated cardiac remodeling, and poor survival. Endothelial-specific knockdown of TXNIP significantly rescued β-catenin activity, together with increased angiogenesis, preserved cardiac function, and improved survival rate. Moreover, additional knockdown of β-catenin essentially reversed the beneficial effects of TXNIP downregulation. In vitro, high glucose treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) increased TXNIP levels and ROS concentration, while it reduced β-catenin activity. Silencing TXNIP or ROS scavenger restored the high glucose induced reduction of Wnt/β-catenin activity in HUVECs. In addition, either reduction of TXNIP expression or supplementation of exogenous Wnt3a improved the HUVECs quantity and migration under high glucose conditions. Diabetes-induced increase of TXNIP expression in the endothelium contributes to impaired angiogenesis after MI, especially via the elevation of ROS and the impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Targeting TXNIP-ROS-Wnt is a promising strategy in improving the prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Cardiology and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, PR China
| | - Danna Bai
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaozhao Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Rongrong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhenhong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Xu ZM, Huang F, Huang WQ. Angiogenic lncRNAs: A potential therapeutic target for ischaemic heart disease. Life Sci 2018; 211:157-171. [PMID: 30219334 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are involved in biological processes and the pathology of diseases and represent an important biomarker or therapeutic target for disease. Emerging evidence has suggested that lncRNAs modulate angiogenesis by regulating the angiogenic cell process-including vascular endothelial cells (VECs); stem cells, particularly bone marrow-derived stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)-and participating in ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Therapeutic angiogenesis as an alternative therapy to promote coronary collateral circulation has been demonstrated to significantly improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with IHD in past decades. Therefore, lncRNAs are likely to represent a novel therapeutic target for IHD through regulation of the angiogenesis process. This review summarizes the classification and functions of lncRNAs and their roles in regulating angiogenesis and in IHD, in the context of an overview of therapeutic angiogenesis in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Meng Xu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology & Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Feng Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Wei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology & Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Liu GY, Meng XX, Zhang Z. Triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio as an independent risk factor for the poor development of coronary collateral circulation in elderly patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and acute total occlusion. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12587. [PMID: 30278570 PMCID: PMC6181613 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the prognostic role of triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) ratio for poorly developed coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in elderly patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and acute total occlusion (ATO).As a retrospective case-control study, elderly patients (age ≥60 years) with both STEMI and ATO (n = 346) were classified as having either poorly- or well-developed CCC (Rentrop grades 0-1 and 2-3, respectively). The ratio of TG/HDL was calculated according to the detected levels of TG and HDL. The difference of TG/HDL ratio in those 2 groups was compared by Student t test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicating occurrence of poorly developed CCC was performed. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis of TG/HDL ratio which determine the optimal cut-off value of TG/HDL ratio was applied.The TG/HDL ratio was significantly higher in patients with poorly developed CCC than in those with well-developed CCC (2.88 ± 2.52 vs 1.81 ± 1.18, P < .001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher TG/HDL ratio (OR 1.789, 95% CI 1 . 346-2.378, P < .001) and the presence of left circumflex branch of coronary artery (LCX) occlusion (OR6.235, 95% CI 2.220-17.510, P = .001) were emerged as independent positive predictors of poor development of CCC, whereas presence of right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion (OR 0.474, 95% CI 0.265-0.850, P = .002) and onset time (OR 0.693, 95% CI 0.620-0.775, P < .001) were found as negative indicators. The optimal cut-off value of TG/HDL ratio was found as 1.58 in ROC analysis, which yielded an area under the curve value of 0.716 (95% CI 0.654-0.778, P < .001) and demonstrated a sensitivity of 80.9% and a specificity of 59.3% for prediction of poorly developed CCC.TG/HDL ratio is an independent risk factor for predicting poor development of CCC in elderly patients with STEMI and ATO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yong Liu
- Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou
- Department of Cardiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Meng
- Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Weckbach LT, Preissner KT, Deindl E. The Role of Midkine in Arteriogenesis, Involving Mechanosensing, Endothelial Cell Proliferation, and Vasodilation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2559. [PMID: 30158425 PMCID: PMC6163309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces in blood circulation such as shear stress play a predominant role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes related to vascular responses or vessel remodeling. Arteriogenesis, defined as the growth of pre-existing arterioles into functional collateral arteries compensating for stenosed or occluded arteries, is such a process. Midkine, a pleiotropic protein and growth factor, has originally been identified to orchestrate embryonic development. In the adult organism its expression is restricted to distinct tissues (including tumors), whereby midkine is strongly expressed in inflamed tissue and has been shown to promote inflammation. Recent investigations conferred midkine an important function in vascular remodeling and growth. In this review, we introduce the midkine gene and protein along with its cognate receptors, and highlight its role in inflammation and the vascular system with special emphasis on arteriogenesis, particularly focusing on shear stress-mediated vascular cell proliferation and vasodilatation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig T Weckbach
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Lasch M, Nekolla K, Klemm AH, Buchheim JI, Pohl U, Dietzel S, Deindl E. Estimating hemodynamic shear stress in murine peripheral collateral arteries by two-photon line scanning. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 453:41-51. [PMID: 30128948 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Changes in wall shear stress of blood vessels are assumed to be an important component of many physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, due to technical limitations experimental in vivo data are rarely available. Here, we investigated two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy as an option to measure vessel diameter as well as blood flow velocities in a murine hindlimb model of arteriogenesis (collateral artery growth). Using line scanning at high frequencies, we measured the movement of blood cells along the vessel axis. We found that peak systolic blood flow velocity averaged 9 mm/s and vessel diameter 42 µm in resting collaterals. Induction of arteriogenesis by femoral artery ligation resulted in a significant increase in centerline peak systolic velocity after 1 day with an average of 51 mm/s, whereas the averaged luminal diameter of collaterals (52 µm) changed much less. Thereof calculations revealed a significant fourfold increase in hemodynamic wall shear rate. Our results indicate that two-photon line scanning is a suitable tool to estimate wall shear stress e.g., in experimental animal models, such as of arteriogenesis, which may not only help to understand the relevance of mechanical forces in vivo, but also to adjust wall shear stress in ex vivo investigations on isolated vessels as well as cell culture experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lasch
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Nekolla
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna H Klemm
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Core Facility Bioimaging at the Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Judith-Irina Buchheim
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory for Stress and Immunity, Hospital of the University of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pohl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Core Facility Bioimaging at the Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Dietzel
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Core Facility Bioimaging at the Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Ribeiro-Rodrigues TM, Laundos TL, Pereira-Carvalho R, Batista-Almeida D, Pereira R, Coelho-Santos V, Silva AP, Fernandes R, Zuzarte M, Enguita FJ, Costa MC, Pinto-do-Ó P, Pinto MT, Gouveia P, Ferreira L, Mason JC, Pereira P, Kwak BR, Nascimento DS, Girão H. Exosomes secreted by cardiomyocytes subjected to ischaemia promote cardiac angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1338-1350. [PMID: 28859292 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and results from an obstruction in the blood supply to a region of the heart. In an attempt to replenish oxygen and nutrients to the deprived area, affected cells release signals to promote the development of new vessels and confer protection against MI. However, the mechanisms underlying the growth of new vessels in an ischaemic scenario remain poorly understood. Here, we show that cardiomyocytes subjected to ischaemia release exosomes that elicit an angiogenic response of endothelial cells (ECs). Methods and results Exosomes secreted by H9c2 myocardial cells and primary cardiomyocytes, cultured either in control or ischaemic conditions were isolated and added to ECs. We show that ischaemic exosomes, in comparison with control exosomes, confer protection against oxidative-induced lesion, promote proliferation, and sprouting of ECs, stimulate the formation of capillary-like structures and strengthen adhesion complexes and barrier properties. Moreover, ischaemic exosomes display higher levels of metalloproteases (MMP) and promote the secretion of MMP by ECs. We demonstrate that miR-222 and miR-143, the relatively most abundant miRs in ischaemic exosomes, partially recapitulate the angiogenic effect of exosomes. Additionally, we show that ischaemic exosomes stimulate the formation of new functional vessels in vivo using in ovo and Matrigel plug assays. Finally, we demonstrate that intramyocardial delivery of ischaemic exosomes improves neovascularization following MI. Conclusions This study establishes that exosomes secreted by cardiomyocytes under ischaemic conditions promote heart angiogenesis, which may pave the way towards the development of add-on therapies to enhance myocardial blood supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago L Laundos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Pereira-Carvalho
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Batista-Almeida
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pereira
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana P Silva
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Monica Zuzarte
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marina C Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Perpetua Pinto-do-Ó
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta T Pinto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (Ipatimup), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gouveia
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Justin C Mason
- Vascular Sciences Unit, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, and Department of Medical Specialties-Cardiology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diana S Nascimento
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Fei Y, Hou J, Xuan W, Zhang C, Meng X. The relationship of plasma miR-503 and coronary collateral circulation in patients with coronary artery disease. Life Sci 2018; 207:145-151. [PMID: 29870767 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although angiogenesis plays an important role in coronary collateral circulation (CCC) formation and there are many determinants of coronary angiogenesis, they cannot fully explain the mechanism of CCC formation or as potent biomarker for CCC status. Therefore, there is of great clinical significance to identify the novel molecules associated with CCC. Previously, miR-503 exerts anti-angiogenesis effect via inhibition of VEGF-A and its expression is associated with many angiogenesis-related factors. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship of plasma miR-503 with CCC formation as well as its predictive power for CCC status in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS Among patients who underwent coronary angiography with coronary artery disease and a stenosis of ≥90% were included in our study. Collateral degree was graded according to Rentrop Cohen classification. The patients were divided to good CCC group (grade 2 or 3) and poor CCC group (grade 0 or 1) according to Rentrop grade. We investigated the plasma levels of miR-503 and VEGF-A by ELISA or q RT-PCR, respectively. In addition, we assayed the correlations of plasma miR-503 with VEGF-A or Rentrop grade using the spearman correlation test and its predictive power by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and binary logistical regression analysis. RESULTS Our data showed that plasma VEGF-A was significantly higher in good CCC group than that in poor group. Plasma miR-503 was lower in CAD patients with good CCC or poor CCC compared with control subjects and lowest in good CCC group. In addition, miR-503 negatively correlated with VEGF-A and Rentrop grade, respectively. Moreover, miR-503 displayed more potent predictive power for CCC status than VEGF-A, but its sensitivity and specificity for CCC status were only 72.4 or 60.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lower plasma miR-503 level was related to better CCC formation, accompanied by up-regulation of VEGF-A. In addition, miR-503 displayed potent predictive power for CCC status, but its sensitivity and specificity were not high enough, indicating that miR-503 might be as an additional prognosis biomarker for CCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Chenghua Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiuping Meng
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Shen Y, Yang ZK, Hu J, Wang XQ, Dai Y, Zhang S, Zhang RY, Lu L, Ding FH, Shen WF. Donor artery stenosis interactions with diastolic blood pressure on coronary collateral flow in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic total occlusion. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:76. [PMID: 29859086 PMCID: PMC5984405 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated whether and to what extent stenosis of predominant collateral donor artery (PCDA) affects coronary collateral flow in relation to blood pressure (BP) in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO). Methods Collateral flow index (CFI) as derived from intracoronary pressure distal to occluded segment and mean aortic pressure in 220 type 2 diabetic patients and 220 propensity score matched non-diabetic controls undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for CTO. The severity of PCDA stenosis was graded according to lumen diameter narrowing. Results CFI decreased stepwise from mild to severe stenosis of the PCDA and was lower in diabetic patients with moderate or severe PCDA stenosis than in non-diabetic controls (0.36 ± 0.10 vs. 0.45 ± 0.08, P < 0.001; 0.29 ± 0.09 vs. 0.35 ± 0.08, P = 0.008). When the PCDA was mildly stenotic, CFI increased initially along with a reduction in diastolic BP, and decreased when diastolic BP was below 60 mmHg in diabetic patients (0.38 ± 0.16 vs. 0.57 ± 0.09, P < 0.001). In the presence of moderate PCDA stenosis, diabetic patients had significantly lower CFI compared to non-diabetic controls, with a relative reduction of 19.8% at diastolic BP 70–79 mmHg, 28.2% at 60–69 mmHg and 38.2% below 60 mmHg (all P < 0.05). A severe PCDA stenosis resulted in a more pronounced decrease in CFI, with a relative reduction of 37.3% for diabetics compared to non-diabetics when diastolic BP was below 60 mmHg (P = 0.050). Conclusions In the setting of CTO, donor artery stenosis confers greater risk for reduced coronary collateral flow when diastolic BP is decreased. Even a moderate stenosis in the PCDA may be associated with lower collateral flow as diastolic BP decreases below 80 mmHg in type 2 diabetic than in non-diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Kun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Qun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hua Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Touyz RM, Herrmann J. Cardiotoxicity with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor therapy. NPJ Precis Oncol 2018; 2:13. [PMID: 30202791 PMCID: PMC5988734 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway (VSP) have been important additions in the therapy of various cancers, especially renal cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer. Bevazicumab, the first VSP to receive FDA approval in 2004 targeting all circulating isoforms of VEGF-A, has become one of the best-selling drugs of all times. The second wave of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which target the intracellular site of VEGF receptor kinases, began with the approval of sorafenib in 2005 and sunitinib in 2006. Heart failure was subsequently noted, in 2-4% of patients on bevacizumab and in 3-8% of patients on VSP-TKIs. The very fact that the single-targeted monoclonal antibody bevacizumab can induce cardiotoxicity supports a pathomechanistic role for the VSP and the postulate of the "vascular" nature of VSP inhibitor cardiotoxicity. In this review we will outline this scenario in greater detail, reflecting on hypertension and coronary artery disease as risk factors for VSP inhibitor cardiotoxicity, but also similarities with peripartum and diabetic cardiomyopathy. This leads to the concept that any preexisting or coexisting condition that reduces the vascular reserve or utilizes the vascular reserve for compensatory purposes may pose a risk factor for cardiotoxicity with VSP inhibitors. These conditions need to be carefully considered in cancer patients who are to undergo VSP inhibitor therapy. Such vigilance is not to exclude patients from such prognostically extremely important therapy but to understand the continuum and to recognize and react to any cardiotoxicity dynamics early on for superior overall outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M. Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Ytrehus K, Hulot JS, Perrino C, Schiattarella GG, Madonna R. Perivascular fibrosis and the microvasculature of the heart. Still hidden secrets of pathophysiology? Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 107:S1537-1891(17)30469-X. [PMID: 29709645 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular fibrosis, the deposition of connective tissue around the vessels, has been demonstrated crucially involved in the development of cardiac dysfunction. Although cardiac fibrosis has been shown to be reversible under certain experimental conditions, effective anti-fibrotic therapies remain largely elusive. Therefore, perivascular fibrosis currently represents a major therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. The main topic of this review will be to address the mechanisms underlying perivascular fibrosis of the vasculature within the myocardium, with a special focus on perivascular fibrosis of small vessels, microvascular dysfunction and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Ytrehus
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Dept of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway.
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine - CESI-MeT, Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; The Texas Heart Institute and Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Stoller M, Seiler C. Effect of Permanent Right Internal Mammary Artery Closure on Coronary Collateral Function and Myocardial Ischemia. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 10:CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.004990. [PMID: 28566292 PMCID: PMC5482561 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.116.004990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to test the effect of permanent right internal mammary artery device closure on coronary collateral function and myocardial ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective, open-label clinical trial in 50 patients with coronary artery disease. The primary study end point was coronary collateral flow index as obtained during a 1-minute proximal right coronary artery (RCA) and left coronary artery balloon occlusion at baseline before and at follow-up examination 6 weeks after distal right internal mammary artery device closure. Collateral flow index is the ratio between simultaneously recorded mean coronary occlusive pressure divided by mean aortic pressure, both subtracted by central venous pressure. Secondary study end points were fractional flow reserve during vessel patency, the quantitative intracoronary ECG ST-segment elevation, and angina pectoris during the same 1-minute coronary occlusion. Collateral flow index in the untreated RCA and left coronary artery changed from 0.071±0.082 at baseline to 0.132±0.117 (P<0.0001) at follow-up examination and from 0.106±0.092 to 0.081±0.079 (P=0.29), respectively. RCA fractional flow reserve increased significantly (P=0.0029) from baseline to follow-up examination, despite deferral of coronary intervention in all patients. There was a decrease in intracoronary ECG ST-elevation during RCA occlusion from baseline to follow-up examination (P=0.0015); it did not change in the left coronary artery. Angina pectoris during RCA occlusion tended to occur in fewer patients at follow-up versus baseline examination (P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Permanent right internal mammary artery device closure seems to augment extracardiac ipsilateral coronary supply to the effect of reducing ischemia in the dependent myocardial region. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02475408.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stoller
- From the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Christian Seiler
- From the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Shen Y, Ding FH, Dai Y, Wang XQ, Zhang RY, Lu L, Shen WF. Reduced coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic total occlusion. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:26. [PMID: 29422093 PMCID: PMC5804044 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of coronary collateral formation is a primary determinant of the severity of myocardial damage and mortality after coronary artery occlusion. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents an important risk factor for impaired collateral vessel growth. However, the mechanism of reduced coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients remains unclear. METHODS With the reference to the recent researches, this review article describes the pathogenic effects of T2DM on collateral development and outlines possible clinical and biochemical markers associated with reduced coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO). RESULTS Diffuse coronary atherosclerosis in T2DM reduces pressure gradient between collateral donor artery and collateral recipient one, limiting collateral vessel growth and function. An interaction between advanced glycation end-products and their receptor activates several intracellular signaling pathways, enhances oxidative stress and aggravates inflammatory process. Diabetic condition decreases pro-angiogenic factors especially vascular endothelial growth factor and other collateral vessel growth related parameters. Numerous clinical and biochemical factors that could possibly attenuate the development of coronary collaterals have been reported. Increased serum levels of glycated albumin, cystatin C, and adipokine C1q tumor necrosis factor related protein 1 were associated with poor coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease and CTO. Diastolic blood pressure and stenosis severity of the predominant collateral donor artery also play a role in coronary collateral formation. CONCLUSIONS T2DM impairs collateral vessel growth through multiple mechanisms involving arteriogenesis and angiogenesis, and coronary collateral formation in patients with T2DM and CTO is influenced by various clinical, biochemical and angiographic factors. This information provides insights into the understanding of coronary pathophysiology and searching for potential new therapeutic targets in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Hua Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Qun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Shibata Y, Kikuchi R, Ishii H, Suzuki S, Harada K, Hirayama K, Suzuki A, Tatami Y, Kondo K, Murohara T. Balance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic isoforms of VEGF-A is associated with the complexity and severity of coronary artery disease. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 478:114-119. [PMID: 29289620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assessing the complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) is clinically important. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a powerful and the most important regulator of angiogenesis. It has been reported that the anti-angiogenic isoform of VEGF-A (VEGF-A165b) inhibits angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the complexities of CAD using the Syntax score (SS) and the levels of circulating total VEGF-A or VEGF-A165b. METHODS A total of 268 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled. Of these, 73 patients without acute coronary syndrome or previous revascularization were included in this study. These subjects were divided into two groups according to the SS. Circulating total VEGF-A and VEGF-A165b levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Circulating levels of total VEGF-A were significantly higher in the SS>22 (high SS) group than in the SS≤22 (low SS) group (p=0.018). Moreover, the ratio of VEGF-A165b to total VEGF-A was significantly lower for the high SS group (p=0.004). The levels of total VEGF-A independently predicted high SS after adjusting for other significant variables among patients who underwent PCI (odds ratio, 1.004; 95% CI, 1.001 to 1.006; p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that high SS was associated with circulating levels of total VEGF-A and the ratio of VEGF-A165b to total VEGF-A in patients with complex CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Shibata
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Department of Medical Technique, Nagoya University Hospital, Japan.
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Harada
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kenshi Hirayama
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsuo Suzuki
- Department of Medical Technique, Nagoya University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tatami
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kondo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Pomatto LCD, Davies KJA. The role of declining adaptive homeostasis in ageing. J Physiol 2017; 595:7275-7309. [PMID: 29028112 PMCID: PMC5730851 DOI: 10.1113/jp275072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive homeostasis is "the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range for any given physiological parameter in response to exposure to sub-toxic, non-damaging, signalling molecules or events, or the removal or cessation of such molecules or events" (Davies, 2016). Adaptive homeostasis enables biological systems to make continuous short-term adjustments for optimal functioning despite ever-changing internal and external environments. Initiation of adaptation in response to an appropriate signal allows organisms to successfully cope with much greater, normally toxic, stresses. These short-term responses are initiated following effective signals, including hypoxia, cold shock, heat shock, oxidative stress, exercise-induced adaptation, caloric restriction, osmotic stress, mechanical stress, immune response, and even emotional stress. There is now substantial literature detailing a decline in adaptive homeostasis that, unfortunately, appears to manifest with ageing, especially in the last third of the lifespan. In this review, we present the hypothesis that one hallmark of the ageing process is a significant decline in adaptive homeostasis capacity. We discuss the mechanistic importance of diminished capacity for short-term (reversible) adaptive responses (both biochemical and signal transduction/gene expression-based) to changing internal and external conditions, for short-term survival and for lifespan and healthspan. Studies of cultured mammalian cells, worms, flies, rodents, simians, apes, and even humans, all indicate declining adaptive homeostasis as a potential contributor to age-dependent senescence, increased risk of disease, and even mortality. Emerging work points to Nrf2-Keap1 signal transduction pathway inhibitors, including Bach1 and c-Myc, both of whose tissue concentrations increase with age, as possible major causes for age-dependent loss of adaptive homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. D. Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA
| | - Kelvin J. A. Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of LettersArts & Sciences: the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089‐0191USA
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Dubé KN, Thomas TM, Munshaw S, Rohling M, Riley PR, Smart N. Recapitulation of developmental mechanisms to revascularize the ischemic heart. JCI Insight 2017; 2:96800. [PMID: 29202457 PMCID: PMC5752387 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoring blood flow after myocardial infarction (MI) is essential for survival of existing and newly regenerated tissue. Endogenous vascular repair processes are deployed following injury but are poorly understood. We sought to determine whether developmental mechanisms of coronary vessel formation are intrinsically reactivated in the adult mouse after MI. Using pulse-chase genetic lineage tracing, we establish that de novo vessel formation constitutes a substantial component of the neovascular response, with apparent cellular contributions from the endocardium and coronary sinus. The adult heart reverts to its former hypertrabeculated state and repeats the process of compaction, which may facilitate endocardium-derived neovascularization. The capacity for angiogenic sprouting of the coronary sinus vein, the adult derivative of the sinus venosus, may also reflect its embryonic origin. The quiescent epicardium is reactivated and, while direct cellular contribution to new vessels is minimal, it supports the directional expansion of the neovessel network toward the infarcted myocardium. Thymosin β4, a peptide with roles in vascular development, was required for endocardial compaction, epicardial vessel expansion, and smooth muscle cell recruitment. Insight into pathways that regulate endogenous vascular repair, drawing on comparisons with development, may reveal novel targets for therapeutically enhancing neovascularization. Embryonic mechanisms are redeployed to revascularize the ischemic heart, with contributions primarily from the endocardium and coronary sinus and processes that require thymosin β4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina N Dubé
- UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tonia M Thomas
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sonali Munshaw
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mala Rohling
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Riley
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Smart
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Liu Z, Pericak-Vance MA, Goldschmidt-Clermont P, Seo D, Wang L, Rundek T, Beecham GW. Coronary collateralization shows sex and racial-ethnic differences in obstructive artery disease patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183836. [PMID: 29016599 PMCID: PMC5634541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary collateral circulation protects cardiac tissues from myocardial infarction damage and decreases sudden cardiac death. So far, it is unclear how coronary collateralization varies by race-ethnicity groups and by sex. Methods We assessed 868 patients with obstructive CAD. Patients were assessed for collateral grades based on Rentrop grading system, as well as other covariates. DNA samples were genotyped using the Affymetrix 6.0 genotyping array. To evaluate genetic contributions to collaterals, we performed admixture mapping using logistic regression with estimated local and global ancestry. Results Overall, 53% of participants had collaterals. We found difference between sex and racial-ethnic groups. Men had higher rates of collaterals than women (P-value = 0.000175). White Hispanics/Latinos showed overall higher rates of collaterals than African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites (59%, 50% and 48%, respectively, P-value = 0.017), and especially higher rates in grade 1 and grade 3 collateralization than the other two populations (P-value = 0.0257). Admixture mapping showed Native American ancestry was associated with the presence of collaterals at a region on chromosome 17 (chr17:35,243,142-41,251,931, β = 0.55, P-value = 0.000127). African ancestry also showed association with collaterals at a different region on chromosome 17 (chr17: 32,266,966-34,463,323, β = 0.38, P-value = 0.00072). Conclusions In our study, collateralization showed sex and racial-ethnic differences in obstructive CAD patients. We identified two regions on chromosome 17 that were likely to harbor genetic variations that influenced collateralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Pascal Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Division of Cardiology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - David Seo
- Division of Cardiology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Liyong Wang
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gary W. Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Januszek R, Mika P, Nowobilski R, Nowak W, Kusienicka A, Klóska D, Maga P, Niżankowski R. Soluble endoglin as a prognostic factor of the claudication distance improvement in patients with peripheral artery disease undergoing supervised treadmill training program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 11:553-564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
125
|
Akboga MK, Demirtas K, Yayla C, Unal S. Is Endocan an Inflammatory Marker or an Angiogenic Marker, or Both or None? Angiology 2017; 69:87. [PMID: 28737068 DOI: 10.1177/0003319717721801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kadri Akboga
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Demirtas
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagri Yayla
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sefa Unal
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Leucker TM, Valenta I, Schindler TH. Positron Emission Tomography-Determined Hyperemic Flow, Myocardial Flow Reserve, and Flow Gradient-Quo Vadis? Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:46. [PMID: 28770213 PMCID: PMC5511843 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) applied with positron-emitting flow tracers such as 13N-ammonia and 82Rubidium enables the quantification of both myocardial perfusion and myocardial blood flow (MBF) in milliliters per gram per minute for coronary artery disease (CAD) detection and characterization. The detection of a regional myocardial perfusion defect during vasomotor stress commonly identifies the culprit lesion or most severe epicardial narrowing, whereas adding regional hyperemic MBFs, myocardial flow reserve (MFR), and/or longitudinal flow decrease may also signify less severe but flow-limiting stenosis in multivessel CAD. The addition of regional hyperemic flow parameters, therefore, may afford a comprehensive identification and characterization of flow-limiting effects of multivessel CAD. The non-specific origin of decreases in hyperemic MBFs and MFR, however, prompts an evaluation and interpretation of regional flow in the appropriate context with the presence of obstructive CAD. Conversely, initial results of the assessment of a longitudinal hyperemic flow gradient suggest this novel flow parameter to be specifically related to increases in CAD caused epicardial resistance. The concurrent assessment of myocardial perfusion and several hyperemic flow parameters with PET/CT may indeed open novel avenues of precision medicine to guide coronary revascularization procedures that may potentially lead to a further improvement in cardiovascular outcomes in CAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten M Leucker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ines Valenta
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas Hellmut Schindler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Quintana E, Bajona P, Arguis MJ, Prat-González S. Septal myectomy after failed septal alcohol ablation. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 6:394-401. [PMID: 28944181 DOI: 10.21037/acs.2017.05.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite septal myectomy remaining the gold standard septal reduction therapy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), there has been a disproportionate use of alcohol septal ablation (ASA) worldwide. Absolute resolution of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction with ASA is not achieved in a substantial proportion of patients. The mechanisms of failure from ASA are partially understood and described. Residual obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with worse clinical outcomes and mortality. There is a growing number of patients who present with significant residual gradients after ASA and require a rescue septal myectomy operation, which then carries an increased risk of perioperative complications and life-long sequelae. This contrasts with the excellent outcomes achieved by septal myectomy without previous percutaneous intervention. Despite complete resolution of obstruction in rescue myectomy, the outcomes remain compromised by the prior ASA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Quintana
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pietro Bajona
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - María José Arguis
- Anesthesiology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Prat-González
- Department of Cardiology, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
The relationship between fasting blood glucose variability and coronary artery collateral formation in type 2 diabetes patients with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 2017. [PMID: 28644211 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary collaterals are an alternative source of blood supply to ischemic myocardium. Well-developed coronary collateral arteries in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) limit the size of acute myocardial infarction and improves survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between glycemic variability and coronary collateral formation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CAD. METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting procedures were studied. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between coronary artery collateral formation graded by Rentrope classification and glycemic variability, measured by coefficient variation of fasting blood glucose. RESULTS In our study, we retrospectively enrolled 300 patients, of whom 239 were diabetic (age: 70.1±11.9, 56% men) and 61 were nondiabetic (age: 71.5±11.5, 72% men). Diabetic patients were further stratified as follows: those with poor coronary collateral artery development (n=171, age: 69.7±12.4, 55% men) and those with good coronary collateral artery development (n=68, age 71.1±10.8, 59% men) according to the Rentrope classification. Our findings did not show association between glycemic variability and coronary collateral vessels development after controlling for potential confounders (odds ratio: 2.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.57-11.03; P=0.22). The culprit lesion (≥75% stenosis) in the left anterior descending artery and the right coronary artery was more frequent in the good collateral group compared with the poor collateral group (66 vs. 50%, P=0.02; 63 vs. 45%, P=0.01 respectively). CONCLUSION Glycemic variability is not associated with coronary collateral artery formation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CAD.
Collapse
|
129
|
D'Amario D, Leone AM, Borovac JA, Cannata F, Siracusano A, Niccoli G, Crea F. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: An update with a critical appraisal. Pharmacol Res 2017; 127:67-76. [PMID: 28602846 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure and acute myocardial infarction are conditions that are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Significant dysfunction of the heart muscle can occur as the consequence of end-stage chronic cardiovascular diseases or acute ischemic events that are marked by large infarction area and significant tissue necrosis. Despite the remarkable improvement of conventional treatments, a substantial proportion of patients still develops severe heart failure that can only be resolved by heart transplantation or mechanical device implantation. Therefore, novel approaches based on stem-cell therapy can directly modify the disease process and alter its prognosis. The ability of the stem-cells to modify and repair the injured myocardium is a challenging but intriguing concept that can potentially replace expensive and invasive methods of treatment that are associated with increased risks and significant financial costs. In that sense, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) seems as an attractive treatment approach. Based on the series of pre-clinical experiments and a limited amount of clinical data, it was demonstrated that G-CSF agents possess the ability to mobilize stem-cells from bone marrow and induce their differentiation into cardiomyocytes or endothelial cells when brought into contact with injured regions of the myocardium. However, clinical benefits of G-CSF use in damaged myocardium remain unclear and are the topic of expert discussion. The main goal of this review is to present relevant and up-to-date evidence on G-CSF therapy use in pre-clinical models and in humans and to provide a rationale for its potential clinical applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico D'Amario
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Antonio Maria Leone
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Josip Anđelo Borovac
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Francesco Cannata
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Andrea Siracusano
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Niccoli
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Powers SK. Exercise: Teaching myocytes new tricks. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:460-472. [PMID: 28572498 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00418.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise training promotes numerous cellular adaptations in both cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle fibers. For example, exercise training fosters changes in mitochondrial function due to increased mitochondrial protein expression and accelerated mitochondrial turnover. Additionally, endurance exercise training alters the abundance of numerous cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins in both cardiac and skeletal muscle myocytes, resulting in a protective phenotype in the active fibers; this exercise-induced protection of cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers is often referred to as "exercise preconditioning." As few as 3-5 consecutive days of endurance exercise training result in a preconditioned cardiac phenotype that is sheltered against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. Similarly, endurance exercise training results in preconditioned skeletal muscle fibers that are resistant to a variety of stresses (e.g., heat stress, exercise-induced oxidative stress, and inactivity-induced atrophy). Many studies have probed the mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced preconditioning of cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers; these studies are important, because they provide an improved understanding of the biochemical mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced preconditioning, which has the potential to lead to innovative pharmacological therapies aimed at minimizing stress-induced injury to cardiac and skeletal muscle. This review summarizes the development of exercise-induced protection of cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle fibers and highlights the putative mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced protection in the heart and skeletal muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Effect of prompt revascularization on outcomes in diabetic patients with stable ischemic heart disease and previous myocardial infarction in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial. Coron Artery Dis 2017; 28:301-306. [DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
132
|
McDougal AD, Dewey CF. Modeling oxygen requirements in ischemic cardiomyocytes. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11760-11776. [PMID: 28487363 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.751826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease remains the leading cause of death globally. Although reperfusion following myocardial ischemia can prevent death by restoring nutrient flow, ischemia/reperfusion injury can cause significant heart damage. The mechanisms that drive ischemia/reperfusion injury are not well understood; currently, few methods can predict the state of the cardiac muscle cell and its metabolic conditions during ischemia. Here, we explored the energetic sustainability of cardiomyocytes, using a model for cellular metabolism to predict the levels of ATP following hypoxia. We modeled glycolytic metabolism with a system of coupled ordinary differential equations describing the individual metabolic reactions within the cardiomyocyte over time. Reduced oxygen levels and ATP consumption rates were simulated to characterize metabolite responses to ischemia. By tracking biochemical species within the cell, our model enables prediction of the cell's condition up to the moment of reperfusion. The simulations revealed a distinct transition between energetically sustainable and unsustainable ATP concentrations for various energetic demands. Our model illustrates how even low oxygen concentrations allow the cell to perform essential functions. We found that the oxygen level required for a sustainable level of ATP increases roughly linearly with the ATP consumption rate. An extracellular O2 concentration of ∼0.007 mm could supply basic energy needs in non-beating cardiomyocytes, suggesting that increased collateral circulation may provide an important source of oxygen to sustain the cardiomyocyte during extended ischemia. Our model provides a time-dependent framework for studying various intervention strategies to change the outcome of reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D McDougal
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - C Forbes Dewey
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Lüscher TF. From bench to bedside: the clinical future on the horizon of experimental evidence. Eur Heart J 2017; 38:1351-1354. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
134
|
Chronic Total Occlusions. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 10:889-891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
135
|
Collateral Damage. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 10:594-596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
136
|
Yang C, Zhu W, Han X, Ma A, Bai L, Xu F. Association of CXCR4 expression with coronary collateralization in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion: A nested case-control study. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:501-506. [PMID: 27875725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CXCR4 signaling contributes to the development and progression of neovascularization. The objective of this study was to investigate whether CXCR4 expression in peripheral CD34+ cells associated with the coronary collateralization (CC) in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO). METHODS AND RESULTS We measured CXCR4 expression in peripheral CD34+ cells and assessed its relation with CC in a nested case-control study including 78 cases and 78 matched controls aged 38-69years, assessed in January 2011 to December 2012 and with at least 1year of follow-up before the index date. Cases were defined as good coronary collateralization (GCC) according to the Rentrop scoring system (Rentrop score of 2 or 3); for each case, one age-matched control with poor coronary collateralization (PCC) (Rentrop score 0 or 1) was randomly selected from the study participants. Demographic, biochemical, and angiographic variables were collected. In multivariate analysis, the OR (95% CI) of CXCR4 expression was 0.018 (0.017 to 0.020) in patients with GCC versus PCC. Independent effect of CXCR4 expression on CC was (OR 0.012, 95% CI 0.010-0.014) when adjusted for other variables. A nonlinear relationship between CXCR4 expression and CC was observed. The CC degree increased when CXCR4 expression exceeded the turning point (30%) (OR 0.025, 95% CI 0.022-0.028; p<0.001). When the CXCR4 expression exceeded 75%, increased CXCR4 level could not promoted CC (OR 0.000, 95% CI 0.008-0.007; p=0.974). CONCLUSION Increased CXCR4 level in peripheral CD34+ cells was associated with GCC in patients with CTO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Wenjin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xiu Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Ling Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Zeng ZY, Gui C, Li L, Wei XM. Effects of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Serum Angiopoietin-2 in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:631-5. [PMID: 26960364 PMCID: PMC4804407 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.177968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) plays a crucial role in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis and is expressed only in sites of vascular remodeling. Ang-2 expression can be regulated by hypoxia inducible factors and other regulators with exposure to hypoxia. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on serum Ang-2 concentrations, and analyze the correlation between serum Ang-2 and the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: Sixty-four patients with CHD were selected as the study group, each undergone PCI. Thirty-two healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Pre-PCI and post-PCI serum Ang-2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was evaluated using angiographic Gensini scores, and the coronary collateral vessels were scored according to Rentrop's classification. Results: Concentrations of pre-PCI serum Ang-2 in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (4625.06 ± 1838.06 vs. 1945.74 ± 1588.17 pg/ml, P < 0.01); however, concentrations of post-PCI serum Ang-2 were significantly lower than those of pre-PCI (3042.63 ± 1845.33 pg/ml vs. 4625.06 ± 1838.06 pg/ml, P < 0.01). Concentrations of pre-PCI serum Ang-2 were significantly correlated with Gensini scores (r = 0.488, P < 0.01); however, the decrease in serum Ang-2 after PCI was not correlated with Gensini scores, coronary collateral vessel grading, or left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusions: Serum Ang-2 concentrations significantly increased in patients with CHD, and PCI treatment significantly decreased these concentrations. Serum Ang-2 concentrations, but not the decrease in serum Ang-2 concentrations, were significantly correlated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis. These results suggested that Ang-2 may be a biomarker of myocardial ischemia and vessel remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Gitmez M. Association of novel inflammatory biomarkers with coronary collateral development and SYNTAX score. Int J Cardiol 2017; 229:65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
139
|
Smart N. Prospects for improving neovascularization of the ischemic heart: Lessons from development. Microcirculation 2017; 24. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Smart
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Zhou JP, Tong XY, Zhu LP, Luo JM, Luo Y, Bai YP, Li CC, Zhang GG. Plasma Omentin-1 Level as a Predictor of Good Coronary Collateral Circulation. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:940-948. [PMID: 28123148 PMCID: PMC5587520 DOI: 10.5551/jat.37440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is crucial during an acute ischemic attack. Evidences showed that omentin-1 exhibited remarkable antiatherogenic effects and ischemia-induced revascularization. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma omentin-1 levels and CCC in patients with ≥ 90% angiography-proven coronary occlusion. Methods: 142 patients with ≥ 90% luminal diameter stenosis in at least one major epicardial coronary artery were recruited. Among them, 79 patients with Rentrop 0–1 grade were classified into the poor CCC group and 63 patients with Rentrop 2–3 grade were included into the good CCC group. The association between plasma omentin-1 levels and CCC status was assessed. Results: Plasma omentin-1 level was significantly higher in patients with good CCC than those with poor CCC (566.57 ± 26.90 vs. 492.38 ± 19.70 ng/mL, p = 0.024). Besides, omentin-1 was positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein, and gensini score but inversely with hyperlipidemia and body mass index (all p values < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that omentin-1 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.002, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.000 – 1.004, p = 0.041)], TC, the number of the diseased vessels, a higher frequency of left circumflex artery and right coronary artery, chronic total occlusion, and gensini score remained as the independent predictors of good CCC. Conclusion: Higher plasma omentin-1 level was associated with better CCC development. Our findings suggest that omentin-1 may be an alternative marker for adequate CCC in patients with ≥ 90% coronary occlusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Peng Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Xiao-Yu Tong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Ling-Ping Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Jing-Min Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Yong-Ping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Chuan-Chang Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Guo-Gang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Yang ZK, Shen Y, Hu J, Zhang Q, Ding FH, Zhang RY, Lu L, Shen WF. Impact of coronary collateral circulation on angiographic in-stent restenosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease and chronic total occlusion. Int J Cardiol 2017; 227:485-489. [PMID: 27836292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between coronary collateralization and in-stent restenosis (ISR) in stable coronary artery disease patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. METHODS The degree of coronary collaterals supplying the distal aspect of a total occlusion from the contra-lateral vessel was graded according to Rentrop classification in 216 patients with stable angina undergoing successful DES based PCI for CTO. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the potential factors related to angiographic ISR during follow-up. RESULTS Despite similar number of diseased coronary arteries, good collateralization (Rentrop score 2 or 3) was more frequently associated with right coronary artery occlusion (60%), whereas poor collaterals (Rentrop score 0 or 1) occurred more often in left anterior descending artery occlusion (40%). Despite similar number of CTO intervened, stent length was longer in patients with good collateralization (59±27mm vs 47±23mm, p=0.001). At mean 18months, the rate of ISR did not significantly differ between patients with good collateralization and those with poor collateralization (12.7% vs 20.2%, p=0.148). At multivariable analysis, age (OR 1.058, 95%CI 1.015-1.104, p=0.008), history of diabetes mellitus (OR 2.382, 95%CI 1.109-5.116, p=0.026) and reference CTO vessel diameter (OR 0.219, 95% CI 0.051-0.951, p=0.043) were independent risk factors for ISR while Rentrop collateral grade (OR 0.795, 95% CI 0.365-1.732, p=0.414) was not associated with ISR. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of ISR after successful DES based PCI for CTO may be not influenced by coronary collateralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Kun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hua Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Sun JT, Yang K, Mao JY, Shen WF, Lu L, Wu QH, Wang YP, Wu LP, Zhang RY. Cyanate-Impaired Angiogenesis: Association With Poor Coronary Collateral Growth in Patients With Stable Angina and Chronic Total Occlusion. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.004700. [PMID: 27986757 PMCID: PMC5210395 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Cyanate has recently gained attention for its role in the pathogenesis of vascular injury. Nonetheless, the effect of cyanate on angiogenesis remains unclear. Methods and Results In this study, we demonstrated that oral administration of cyanate impaired blood perfusion recovery in a mouse hind‐limb ischemia model. A reduction in blood perfusion recovery at day 21 was observed in the ischemic tissue of cyanate‐treated mice. Likewise, there were fewer capillaries in the ischemic hind‐limb tissue of cyanate‐exposed mice. Our in vitro study showed that cyanate, together with its carbamylated products, inhibited the migration, proliferation, and tube‐formation abilities of endothelial cells. Further research revealed that cyanate regulated angiogenesis partly by interrupting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2/phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt pathway. The serum concentrations of homocitrulline, a marker of cyanate exposure, were determined in 117 patients with stable angina and chronic total occlusion. Consistent with the antiangiogenic role of cyanate, homocitrulline levels were increased in patients with poor coronary collateralization (n=58) compared with those with high collateralization (n=59; 21.09±13.08 versus 15.54±9.02 ng/mL, P=0.009). In addition, elevated homocitrulline concentration was a strong predictor of poor coronary collateral growth. Conclusions Impaired angiogenesis induced by cyanate might contribute to poor coronary collateral growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Teng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yan Mao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Hong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ping Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ping Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Akboga MK, Yalcin R, Sahinarslan A, Yilmaz Demirtas C, Abaci A. Effect of serum YKL-40 on coronary collateral development and SYNTAX score in stable coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2016; 224:323-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
144
|
Ferguson Jr TB. Physiology of in-situ arterial revascularization in coronary artery bypass grafting: Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors and influences. World J Cardiol 2016; 8:623-637. [PMID: 27957249 PMCID: PMC5124721 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v8.i11.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical revascularization with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has become established as the most effective interventional therapy for patients with moderately severe and severe stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD). This recommendation is based on traditional 5-year outcomes of mortality and avoidance of myocardial infarction leading to reintervention and/or cardiac death. However, these results are confounded in that they challenge the traditional CABG surgical tenets of completeness of anatomic revascularization, the impact of arterial revascularization on late survival, and the lesser impact of secondary prevention following CABG on late outcomes. Moreover, the emergence of physiologic-based revascularization with percutaneous cardiovascular intervention as an alternative strategy for revascularization in SIHD raises the question of whether there are similar physiologic effects in CABG. Finally, the ongoing ISCHEMIA trial is specifically addressing the importance of the physiology of moderate or severe ischemia in optimizing therapeutic interventions in SIHD. So it is time to address the role that physiology plays in surgical revascularization. The long-standing anatomic framework for surgical revascularization is no longer sufficient to explain the mechanisms for short-term and long-term outcomes in CABG. Novel intraoperative imaging technologies have generated important new data on the physiologic blood flow and myocardial perfusion responses to revascularization on an individual graft and global basis. Long-standing assumptions about technical issues such as competitive flow are brought into question by real-time visualization of the physiology of revascularization. Our underestimation of the impact of Guideline Directed Medical Therapy, or Optimal Medical Therapy, on the physiology of preoperative SIHD, and the full impact of secondary prevention on post-intervention SIHD, must be better understood. In this review, these issues are addressed through the perspective of multi-arterial revascularization in CABG, which is emerging (after 30 years) as the “standard of care” for CABG. In fact, it is the physiology of these arterial grafts that is the mechanism for their impact on long-term outcomes in CABG. Moreover, a better understanding of all of these preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative components of the physiology of revascularization that will generate the next, more granular body of knowledge about CABG, and enable surgeons to design and execute a better surgical revascularization procedure for patients in the future.
Collapse
|
145
|
The dilemma of identification of the culprit lesion in multivessel disease in patients with complex collateral circulation. Int J Cardiol 2016; 223:34-36. [PMID: 27529586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
146
|
Relation Between C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 Levels and the Presence and Extent of Angiographic Coronary Collaterals in Patients With Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion. Am J Cardiol 2016; 118:1136-1143. [PMID: 27569386 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronary collateral circulation is an alternative source of blood supply to the myocardium in the presence of chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO). C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling usually contributes to neovascularization. Here, we investigate the relation between CXCR4 levels in peripheral blood CD34+ cells and the formation of angiographic coronary collaterals and determine the risk factors that affect CXCR4 expression in patients with CTO. Demographic, biochemical, and angiographic variables were collected from 324 patients with CTO and 90 negative controls. The presence and extent of collaterals were scored according to the Rentrop scoring system (Rentrop's). CXCR4 levels and plasma biochemical factors were detected. Clinical outcomes were collected during a 12-month follow-up. Results show that low (Rentrop's 0 or 1) and high (Rentrop's of 2 or 3) coronary collateralizations were detected in 183 and 141 patients, respectively. The Rentrop scores were positively correlated with CXCR4 levels in patients with CTO. Patients with low CXCR4 expression exhibited worse clinical outcomes compared with those with high CXCR4 expression. Univariate correlation analysis revealed that age of ≥65 years, women, diabetes, increased plasma level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and N-terminal brain-type natriuretic peptide were associated with low CXCR4 levels. In conclusion, CXCR4 levels were positively correlated with the presence and extent of angiographic coronary collaterals in patients with CTO. Elder age, women, diabetes, increased plasma level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and N-terminal brain-type natriuretic peptide may be risk factors of CXCR4 expression.
Collapse
|
147
|
Schindler TH. Myocardial blood flow: Putting it into clinical perspective. J Nucl Cardiol 2016; 23:1056-1071. [PMID: 26711100 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)-determined myocardial perfusion in conjunction with myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantification in mL·g(-1)·min(-1) has emerged from mere research application to initial clinical use in the detection and characterization of the coronary artery disease (CAD) process. The concurrent evaluation of MBF during vasomotor stress and at rest with the resulting myocardial flow reserve (MFR = MBF during stress/MBF at rest) expands the scope of conventional myocardial perfusion imaging not only to the detection of the most advanced and culprit CAD, as evidenced by the stress-related regional myocardial perfusion defect, but also to the less severe or intermediate stenosis in patients with multivessel CAD. Due to the non-specific nature of the hyperemic MBF and MFR, the interpretation of hyperemic flow increases with PET/CT necessitates an appropriate placement in the context with microvascular function, wall motion analysis, and eventually underlying coronary morphology in CAD patients. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various diagnostic scenarios of PET/CT-determined myocardial perfusion and flow quantification in the detection and characterization of clinically manifest CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hellmut Schindler
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science SOM, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, JHOC 3225, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Abstract
The mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains significant, and the prevalence of post-myocardial infarction heart failure is increasing. Therefore, cardioprotection beyond timely reperfusion is needed. Conditioning procedures are the most powerful cardioprotective interventions in animal experiments. However, ischemic preconditioning cannot be used to reduce infarct size in patients with AMI because its occurrence is not predictable; several studies in patients undergoing surgical coronary revascularization report reduced release of creatine kinase and troponin. Ischemic postconditioning reduces infarct size in most, but not all, studies in patients undergoing interventional reperfusion of AMI, but may require direct stenting and exclusion of patients with >6 hours of symptom onset to protect. Remote ischemic conditioning reduces infarct size in patients undergoing interventional reperfusion of AMI, elective percutaneous or surgical coronary revascularization, and other cardiovascular surgery in many, but not in all, studies. Adequate dose-finding phase II studies do not exist. There are only 2 phase III trials, both on remote ischemic conditioning in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, both with neutral results in terms of infarct size and clinical outcome, but also both with major problems in trial design. We discuss the difficulties in translation of cardioprotection from animal experiments and proof-of-concept trials to clinical practice. Given that most studies on ischemic postconditioning and all studies on remote ischemic preconditioning in patients with AMI reported reduced infarct size, it would be premature to give up on cardioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology (G.H.) and Clinic for Cardiology (T.R.), West German Heart and Vascular Center, University School of Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology (G.H.) and Clinic for Cardiology (T.R.), West German Heart and Vascular Center, University School of Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
SPECT and PET imaging of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in pre-clinical models of myocardial ischemia and peripheral vascular disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 43:2433-2447. [PMID: 27517840 PMCID: PMC5095166 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The extent of neovascularization determines the clinical outcome of coronary artery disease and other occlusive cardiovascular disorders. Monitoring of neovascularization is therefore highly important. This review article will elaborately discuss preclinical studies aimed at validating new nuclear angiogenesis and arteriogenesis tracers. Additionally, we will briefly address possible obstacles that should be considered when designing an arteriogenesis radiotracer. Methods A structured medline search was the base of this review, which gives an overview on different radiopharmaceuticals that have been evaluated in preclinical models. Results Neovascularization is a collective term used to indicate different processes such as angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. However, while it is assumed that sensitive detection through nuclear imaging will facilitate translation of successful therapeutic interventions in preclinical models to the bedside, we still lack specific tracers for neovascularization imaging. Most nuclear imaging research to date has focused on angiogenesis, leaving nuclear arteriogenesis imaging largely overlooked. Conclusion Although angiogenesis is the process which is best understood, there is no scarcity in theoretical targets for arteriogenesis imaging.
Collapse
|
150
|
Okyere B, Giridhar K, Hazy A, Chen M, Keimig D, Bielitz RC, Xie H, He JQ, Huckle WR, Theus MH. Endothelial-Specific EphA4 Negatively Regulates Native Pial Collateral Formation and Re-Perfusion following Hindlimb Ischemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159930. [PMID: 27467069 PMCID: PMC4965112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal anastomoses play a critical role in regulating vascular re-perfusion following obstruction, however, the mechanisms regulating their development remains under investingation. Our current findings indicate that EphA4 receptor is a novel negative regulator of collaterogenesis. We demonstrate that EphA4 is highly expressed on pial arteriole collaterals at post-natal day (P) 1 and 7, then significantly reduced by P21. Endothelial cell (EC)-specific loss of EphA4, EphA4f/f/Tie2::Cre (KO), resulted in an increase in the density but not diameter of pial collaterals compared to WT mice. ECs isolated from KO mice displayed a 3-fold increase in proliferation, enhanced migration, tube formation and elevated levels of phospho(p)-Akt compared to WT ECs. Attenuating p-Akt, using LY294002, reduced the proliferative and migration effects in the KO ECs. RNAseq analysis also revealed altered expression patterns for genes that regulate cell proliferation, vascular development, extracellular matrix and immune-mediate responses, namely MCP-1, MMP2 and angiopoietin-1. Lastly, we show that induction of hindlimb ischemia resulted in accelerated re-perfusion, collateral remodeling and reduced tissue necrosis in the absence of EC-specific EphA4 compared to WT mice. These findings demonstrate a novel role for EphA4 in the early development of the pial collateral network and suggests a role in regulating vascular remodeling after obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Okyere
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Kaavya Giridhar
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Amanda Hazy
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Miao Chen
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - David Keimig
- Virginia BioComplexity Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 1015 Life Science Circle, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Bielitz
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Virginia BioComplexity Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 1015 Life Science Circle, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Jia-Qiang He
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - William R. Huckle
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Michelle H. Theus
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|