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Adair K, Meng X, Naisbitt DJ. Drug hapten-specific T-cell activation: Current status and unanswered questions. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000267. [PMID: 33651918 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Drug haptens are formed from the irreversible, covalent binding of drugs to nucleophilic moieties on proteins, which can warrant adverse reactions in the body including severe delayed-type, T-cell mediated, drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs). While three main pathways exist for the activation of T-cells in DHRs, namely the hapten model, the pharmacological interaction model and the altered peptide repertoire model, the exact antigenic determinants responsible have not yet been defined. In recent years, progress has been made using advanced mass spectrometry-based proteomic methods to identify protein carriers and characterise the structure of drug-haptenated proteins. Since genome-wide association studies discovered a link between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and an individual's susceptibility to DHRs, much effort has been made to define the drug-associated HLA ligands driving T-cell activation, including the elution of natural HLA peptides from HLA molecules and the generation of HLA-binding peptides. In this review, we discuss our current methodology used to design and synthesise drug-modified HLA ligands to investigate their immunogenicity using T-cell models, and thus their implication in drug hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareena Adair
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xiaoli Meng
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dean J Naisbitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Abstract
It is now well understood that the eukaryotic host has evolved multiple mechanisms to monitor and respond to the diverse and biochemically active microbiota that thrives in a symbiotic fashion in the gut and other tissues. Generally, these mechanisms are based on traditional notions of innate and adaptive immune processes, which are mediated by recognition of, and response to, microbially derived macromolecules. Microbes themselves are metabolically active and contribute a vast array of small molecules, not present in germ-free model systems, with diverse putative and unknown biological function, and intensive work is ongoing to unravel their roles in physiological systems. Metazoans have evolved and maintain distinct gene regulatory networks to detect and respond to environmental, non-self-molecules (xenobiotics), and interestingly, recent investigation has shown that these pathways are operational in the detection and response to microbiota-derived small metabolites. These processes likely represent a general mechanism of host-microbe crosstalk, and they have clinical implications in drug and xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Serras AS, Rodrigues JS, Cipriano M, Rodrigues AV, Oliveira NG, Miranda JP. A Critical Perspective on 3D Liver Models for Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Studies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626805. [PMID: 33732695 PMCID: PMC7957963 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor predictability of human liver toxicity is still causing high attrition rates of drug candidates in the pharmaceutical industry at the non-clinical, clinical, and post-marketing authorization stages. This is in part caused by animal models that fail to predict various human adverse drug reactions (ADRs), resulting in undetected hepatotoxicity at the non-clinical phase of drug development. In an effort to increase the prediction of human hepatotoxicity, different approaches to enhance the physiological relevance of hepatic in vitro systems are being pursued. Three-dimensional (3D) or microfluidic technologies allow to better recapitulate hepatocyte organization and cell-matrix contacts, to include additional cell types, to incorporate fluid flow and to create gradients of oxygen and nutrients, which have led to improved differentiated cell phenotype and functionality. This comprehensive review addresses the drug-induced hepatotoxicity mechanisms and the currently available 3D liver in vitro models, their characteristics, as well as their advantages and limitations for human hepatotoxicity assessment. In addition, since toxic responses are greatly dependent on the culture model, a comparative analysis of the toxicity studies performed using two-dimensional (2D) and 3D in vitro strategies with recognized hepatotoxic compounds, such as paracetamol, diclofenac, and troglitazone is performed, further highlighting the need for harmonization of the respective characterization methods. Finally, taking a step forward, we propose a roadmap for the assessment of drugs hepatotoxicity based on fully characterized fit-for-purpose in vitro models, taking advantage of the best of each model, which will ultimately contribute to more informed decision-making in the drug development and risk assessment fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Serras
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana S. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Armanda V. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno G. Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana P. Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Chakraborty S, Peruncheralathan S, Ghosh A. Paracetamol and other acetanilide analogs as inter-molecular hydrogen bonding assisted diamagnetic CEST MRI contrast agents. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6526-6534. [PMID: 35423188 PMCID: PMC8694904 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol and a few other acetanilide derivatives are reported as a special class of diamagnetic Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (diaCEST) MRI contrast agents, that exhibit contrast only when the molecules form inter-molecular hydrogen bonding mediated molecular chains or sheets. Without the protection of the hydrogen bonding their contrast producing labile proton exchanges too quickly with the solvent to produce any appreciable contrast. Through a number of variable temperature experiments we demonstrate that under the conditions when the hydrogen bond network breaks and the high exchange returns back, the contrast drops quickly. The well-known analgesic drug paracetamol shows 12% contrast at a concentration of 15 mM at physiological conditions. With the proven safety track-record for human consumption and appreciable physiological contrast, paracetamol shows promise as a diaCEST agent for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Chakraborty
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar 752050 Odisha India
| | - S Peruncheralathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar 752050 Odisha India
| | - Arindam Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar 752050 Odisha India
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Zakaria ZA, Sahmat A, Azmi AH, Nur Zainol AS, Omar MH, Balan T, Sulistyorini L, Azizah R, Abdullah MNH. Polyphenolics and triterpenes presence in chloroform extract of Dicranopteris linearis leaves attenuated paracetamol-induced liver intoxication in rat. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:35. [PMID: 33446155 PMCID: PMC7809736 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Water-soluble, but not lipid-soluble, extract of Dicranopteris linearis leaves has been proven to possess hepatoprotective activity. The present study aimed to validate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities, and phytoconstituents of lipid-soluble (chloroform) extract of D. linearis leaves. Methods The extract of D. linearis leaves (CEDL; 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats for 7 consecutive days followed by the oral administration of 3 g/kg PCM to induce liver injury. Blood was collected for liver function analysis while the liver was obtained for histopathological examination and endogenous antioxidant activity determination. The extract was also subjected to antioxidant evaluation and phytochemicals determination via phytochemical screening, HPLC and UPLC-HRMS analyses. Results CEDL exerted significant (p < 0.05) hepatoprotective activity at 250 and 500 mg/kg and significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the PCM-induced decrease in rat’s liver endogenous antioxidant (catalase and superoxide dismutase) level. CEDL possessed a high antioxidant capacity when measured using the ORAC assay, but a low total phenolic content value and radical scavenging activity as confirmed via several radical scavenging assays, which might be attributed particularly to the presence of triterpenes. Phytochemicals screening demonstrated the presence of triterpenes and flavonoids, while UPLC-HRMS analysis showed the presence of polyphenols belonging to the hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinammates and flavonoid groups. Discussion and conclusion Lipid-soluble bioactive compounds of CEDL demonstrated hepatoprotective effect against PCM intoxication partly via the modulation of the endogenous antioxidant defense system, and exerted high antioxidant capacity. Further investigation is warranted to identify the potential hepatoprotective leads from CEDL for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Campus C Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mulyosari, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Adibah Sahmat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azfar Hizami Azmi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amal Syahirah Nur Zainol
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizatul Hasyima Omar
- Phytochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Level 5, Block C7, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tavamani Balan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Lilis Sulistyorini
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Campus C Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mulyosari, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - R Azizah
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Campus C Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mulyosari, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Hakim Abdullah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wilkinson PD, Duncan AW. Differential Roles for Diploid and Polyploid Hepatocytes in Acute and Chronic Liver Injury. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:42-49. [PMID: 33764484 PMCID: PMC8056861 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes are the primary functional cells of the liver that perform essential roles in homeostasis, regeneration, and injury. Most mammalian somatic cells are diploid and contain pairs of each chromosome, but there are also polyploid cells containing additional sets of chromosomes. Hepatocytes are among the best described polyploid cells, with polyploids comprising more than 25 and 90% of the hepatocyte population in humans and mice, respectively. Cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate hepatic polyploidy have been uncovered, and in recent years, diploid and polyploid hepatocytes have been shown to perform specialized functions. Diploid hepatocytes accelerate liver regeneration induced by resection and may accelerate compensatory regeneration after acute injury. Polyploid hepatocytes protect the liver from tumor initiation in hepatocellular carcinoma and promote adaptation to tyrosinemia-induced chronic injury. This review describes how ploidy variations influence cellular activity and presents a model for context-specific functions for diploid and polyploid hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Wilkinson
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew W Duncan
- Department of Pathology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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van Groen BD, Pilla Reddy V, Badée J, Olivares‐Morales A, Johnson TN, Nicolaï J, Annaert P, Smits A, de Wildt SN, Knibbe CAJ, de Zwart L. Pediatric Pharmacokinetics and Dose Predictions: A Report of a Satellite Meeting to the 10th Juvenile Toxicity Symposium. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:29-35. [PMID: 32702198 PMCID: PMC7877839 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
On April 24, 2019, a symposium on Pediatric Pharmacokinetics and Dose Predictions was held as a satellite meeting to the 10th Juvenile Toxicity Symposium. This symposium brought together scientists from academia, industry, and clinical research organizations with the aim to update each other on the current knowledge on pediatric drug development. Through more knowledge on specific ontogeny profiles of drug metabolism and transporter proteins, integrated into physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, we have gained a more integrated understanding of age-related differences in pharmacokinetics (PKs), Relevant examples were presented during the meeting. PBPK may be considered the gold standard for pediatric PK prediction, but still it is important to know that simpler methods, such as allometry, allometry combined with maturation function, functions based on the elimination pathway, or linear models, also perform well, depending on the age range or the mechanisms involved. Knowledge from different methods and information sources should be combined (e.g., microdosing can reveal early read-out of age-related differences in exposure), and such results can be a value to verify models. To further establish best practices for dose setting in pediatrics, more in vitro and in vivo research is needed on aspects such as age-related changes in the exposure-response relationship and the impact of disease on PK. New information coupled with the refining of model-based drug development approaches will allow faster targeting of intended age groups and allow more efficient design of pediatric clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca D. van Groen
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric SurgeryErasmus MC‐Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Roche Pharma and Early Development (pRED)Roche Innovation Center BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Justine Badée
- Center for Pharmacometrics & Systems PharmacologyDepartment of PharmaceuticsUniversity of Florida at Lake NonaOrlandoFloridaUSA
- Modelling & SimulationNovartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Johan Nicolaï
- Development ScienceUCB BioPharma SRLBraine‐l’AlleudBelgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and DispositionKU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anne Smits
- Neonatal Intensive Care UnitUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Development and RegenerationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Saskia N. de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric SurgeryErasmus MC‐Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRadboud Institute for Health SciencesRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Catherijne A. J. Knibbe
- Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden Academic Center for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical PharmacySt. Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
| | - Loeckie de Zwart
- Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsJanssen R&D, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NVBeerseBelgium
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Clinical Evaluation of Acetaminophen-Galgeuntang Interaction Based on Population Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121182. [PMID: 33291732 PMCID: PMC7761965 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Galgeuntang (GGT), a traditional herbal medicine, is widely co-administered with acetaminophen (AAP) for treatment of the common cold, but this combination has not been the subject of investigation. Therefore, we investigated the herb–drug interaction between GGT and AAP by population pharmacokinetics (PKs) modeling and simulation studies. To quantify PK parameters and identify drug interactions, an open label, three-treatment, three-period, one-sequence (AAP alone, GGT alone, and AAP and GGT in combination) clinical trial involving 12 male healthy volunteers was conducted. Ephedrine (EPD), the only GGT component detected, was identified using a one-compartment model. The PKs of AAP were described well by a one-compartment model and exhibited two-phase absorption (rapid followed by slow) and first-order elimination. The model showed that EPD significantly influenced the PKs of AAP. The simulation results showed that at an AAP dose of 1000 mg × 4 times daily, the area under the concentration versus time curve of AAP increased by 16.4% in the presence of GGT compared to AAP only. In conclusion, the PKs of AAP were affected by co-administration of GGT. Therefore, when AAP is combined with GGT, adverse effects related to overdose of AAP could be induced possibly.
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Allyl Isothiocyanate Protects Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury via NRF2 Activation by Decreasing Spontaneous Degradation in Hepatocyte. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113585. [PMID: 33238403 PMCID: PMC7700243 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most frequently prescribed analgesic and anti-pyretic drugs. However, APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is a major cause of acute liver failure globally. While the therapeutic dose is safe, an overdose of APAP produces an excess of the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), subsequently resulting in hepatotoxicity. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a bioactive molecule in cruciferous plants, is reported to exert various biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial effects. Notably, AITC is known for activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), but there is limited evidence supporting the beneficial effects on hepatocytes and liver, where AITC is mainly metabolized. We applied a mouse model in the current study to investigate whether AITC protects the liver against APAP-induced injury, wherein we observed the protective effects of AITC. Furthermore, NRF2 nuclear translocation and the increase of target genes by AITC treatment were confirmed by in vitro experiments. APAP-induced cell damage was attenuated by AITC via an NRF2-dependent manner, and rapid NRF2 activation by AITC was attributed to the elevation of NRF2 stability by decreasing its spontaneous degradation. Moreover, liver tissues from our mouse experiment revealed that AITC increases the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an NRF2 target gene, confirming the potential of AITC as a hepatoprotective agent that induces NRF2 activation. Taken together, our results indicate the potential of AITC as a natural-product-derived NRF2 activator targeting the liver.
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Aragão RBDA, Semensatto D, Calixto LA, Labuto G. Pharmaceutical market, environmental public policies and water quality: the case of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36:e00192319. [PMID: 33237204 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00192319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water pollution has been an increasing concern for the authorities responsible for planning and executing public policies. In this qualitative research, we have discussed the most sold pharmaceuticals in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil, and compared public policies focused on pharmaceuticals and environmental issues among countries/regions. For that, data provided by Close-Up International related to the sales of medicines in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region between April/2016 and April/2017 were collected and processed to identify and quantify the pharmaceutical products. The 300 most sold medicines in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region fall in 26 therapeutic classes, which include 159 drugs. The most sold pharmaceutical products group is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) representing approximately 44.3% of the total. The ten most sold pharmaceuticals sum up 1200 tons. Dipyrone is the first place in mass representing around 488 tons, followed by metformin with around 310 tons commercialized. Public policies focused on pharmaceuticals in the environment still need adjustments to improve reinforcement, even in developed countries. There is no international standard on how to conduct the issue, each country adopting the public policy that best matches to the local. Brazil, despite having some legislation that approaches the theme, still lacks effective public policies and stakeholder awareness. In this aspect, the need for improvement of the reverse logistics system, consumer orientation to the adequate disposal of unused/expired medicines, and the adoption of the unit-dose system as a therapeutic strategy is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Décio Semensatto
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brasil
| | - Leandro Augusto Calixto
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brasil
| | - Geórgia Labuto
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brasil
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Shen M, Chen M, Liang T, Wang S, Xue Y, Bertz R, Xie XQ, Feng Z. Pain Chemogenomics Knowledgebase (Pain-CKB) for Systems Pharmacology Target Mapping and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Investigation of Opioid Drug-Drug Interactions. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3245-3258. [PMID: 32966035 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 50 million adults in America suffer from chronic pain. Opioids are commonly prescribed for their effectiveness in relieving many types of pain. However, excessive prescribing of opioids can lead to abuse, addiction, and death. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), another major class of analgesic, also have many problematic side effects including headache, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, constipation, reduced appetite, and drowsiness. There is an urgent need for the understanding of molecular mechanisms that underlie drug abuse and addiction to aid in the design of new preventive or therapeutic agents for pain management. To facilitate pain related small-molecule signaling pathway studies and the prediction of potential therapeutic target(s) for the treatment of pain, we have constructed a comprehensive platform of a pain domain-specific chemogenomics knowledgebase (Pain-CKB) with integrated data mining computing tools. Our new computing platform describes the chemical molecules, genes, proteins, and signaling pathways involved in pain regulation. Pain-CKB is implemented with a friendly user interface for the prediction of the relevant protein targets and analysis and visualization of the outputs, including HTDocking, TargetHunter, BBB predictor, and Spider Plot. Combining these with other novel tools, we performed three case studies to systematically demonstrate how further studies can be conducted based on the data generated from Pain-CKB and its algorithms and tools. First, systems pharmacology target mapping was carried out for four FDA approved analgesics in order to identify the known target and predict off-target interactions. Subsequently, the target mapping outcomes were applied to build physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for acetaminophen and fentanyl to explore the drug-drug interaction (DDI) between this pair of drugs. Finally, pharmaco-analytics was conducted to explore the detailed interaction pattern of acetaminophen reactive metabolite and its hepatotoxicity target, thioredoxin reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Maozi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Tianjian Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Richard Bertz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, and Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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Delli Compagni R, Polesel F, von Borries KJF, Zhang Z, Turolla A, Antonelli M, Vezzaro L. Modelling the fate of micropollutants in integrated urban wastewater systems: Extending the applicability to pharmaceuticals. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116097. [PMID: 32911442 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) are a category of micropollutants frequently detected across integrated urban wastewater systems. Existing modelling tools supporting the evaluation of micropollutant fate in such complex systems, such as the IUWS_MP model library (which acronym IUWS stands for Integrated Urban Wastewater System), do not consider fate processes and fractions that are typical for PhACs. This limitation was overcome by extending the existing IUWS_MP model library with new fractions (conjugated metabolites, sequestrated fraction) and processes (consumption-excretion, deconjugation). The performance of the extended library was evaluated for five PhACs (carbamazepine, ibuprofen, diclofenac, paracetamol, furosemide) in two different integrated urban wastewater systems where measurements were available. Despite data uncertainty and the simplicity of the modelling approach, chosen to minimize data requirements, model prediction uncertainty overlapped with the measurements ranges across both systems, stressing the robustness of the proposed modelling approach. Possible applications of the extended IUWS_MP model library are presented, illustrating how this tool can support urban water managers in reducing environmental impacts from PhACs discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Delli Compagni
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabio Polesel
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; DHI A/S, Agern Allé 5, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Kerstin J F von Borries
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zhen Zhang
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonelli
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca Vezzaro
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Chefirat B, Zergui A, Rahmani C, Belmessabih MN, Rezk-kallah H. Acute paracetamol poisonings received at the Oran University Hospital. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1172-1177. [PMID: 32983905 PMCID: PMC7494939 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Paracetamol is the most commonly used drug worldwide for its analgesic/antipyretic effect and especially a non-prescription access in pharmacies. Acute Paracetamol poisoning remains problematic for clinicians because of its insidious progression to fulminant hepatitis and even death. This work proposes to draw up the epidemiological profile of acute Paracetamol poisonings. Materials and Methods A retrospective descriptive study has been carried out over 8 years on cases of acute Paracetamol poisoning received at the Pharmacology Toxicology department of University Hospital of Oran (UHO). Data were collected using a pre-established fact sheet. Toxicological analysis was carried out by colorimetric and enzyme immunoassay method. Results and Discussion A total of 400 cases were recorded, mainly from emergency departments of UHO (85 %). These are suicide attempts in 82 % of cases, observed especially in adolescents (69 %), and accidental poisoning in 12 % of cases, predominant in small children (89 %). Half of the patients were admitted asymptomatic in the first 24 h of intoxication. Digestive and neurological disorders were the most described (18.75 % and 20.5 %). The quantitative determination of Paracetamol showed that 16 cases had a high risk of developing liver injury and required antidote therapy, based on N-acetylcysteine. The evolution was mostly favorable (84 %) but 8 patients had liver damage and 5 deaths were recorded. Conclusion Although it seems benign, acute Paracetamol poisoning is serious and requires adequate care making clinicians collaborate with toxicologists. The general population must be made aware of the dangers of Paracetamol. The pharmacist must provide the necessary information concerning the recommended doses and the toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilel Chefirat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, University Hospital of Oran, Oran, Algeria
- Environmental Health Research Laboratory, University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
| | - Anissa Zergui
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, University Hospital of Oran, Oran, Algeria
- Environmental Health Research Laboratory, University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
| | - Chaïmaa Rahmani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
| | - Meriem Nour Belmessabih
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
| | - Haciba Rezk-kallah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, University Hospital of Oran, Oran, Algeria
- Environmental Health Research Laboratory, University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
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115
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Packiasabapathy S, Rangasamy V, Horn N, Hendrickson M, Renschler J, Sadhasivam S. Personalized pediatric anesthesia and pain management: problem-based review. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:55-73. [PMID: 31849281 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics, the genetic influence on the interpersonal variability in drug response, has enabled tailored pharmacotherapy and emerging 'personalized medicine.' Although oncology spearheaded the clinical implementation of personalized medicine, other specialties are rapidly catching up. In anesthesia, classical examples of genetically mediated idiosyncratic reactions have been long known (e.g., malignant hyperthermia and prolonged apnea after succinylcholine). The last two decades have witnessed an expanding body of pharmacogenetic evidence in anesthesia. This review highlights some of the prominent pharmacogenetic associations studied in anesthesia and pain management, with special focus on pediatric anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Packiasabapathy
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Valluvan Rangasamy
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nicole Horn
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michele Hendrickson
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Janelle Renschler
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Sadhasivam
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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116
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Nithiyanandam
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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117
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Wester N, Mikladal BF, Varjos I, Peltonen A, Kalso E, Lilius T, Laurila T, Koskinen J. Disposable Nafion-Coated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Test Strip for Electrochemical Quantitative Determination of Acetaminophen in a Finger-Prick Whole Blood Sample. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13017-13024. [PMID: 32842738 PMCID: PMC7547857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A disposable
electrochemical test strip for the quantitative point-of-care
(POC) determination of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in plasma and finger-prick
whole blood was fabricated. The industrially scalable dry transfer
process of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and screen printing
of silver were combined to produce integrated electrochemical test
strips. Nafion coating stabilized the potential of the Ag reference
electrode and enabled the selective detection in spiked plasma as
well as in whole blood samples. The test strips were able to detect
acetaminophen in small 40 μL samples with a detection limit
of 0.8 μM and a wide linear range from 1 μM to 2 mM, well
within the required clinical range. After a simple 1:1 dilution of
plasma and whole blood, a quantitative detection with good recoveries
of 79% in plasma and 74% in whole blood was achieved. These results
strongly indicate that these electrodes can be used directly to determine
the unbound acetaminophen fraction without the need for any additional
steps. The developed test strip shows promise as a rapid and simple
POC quantitative acetaminophen assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Wester
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Ilkka Varjos
- Canatu Oy, Tiilenlyöjänkuja 9, 01720 Vantaa, Finland
| | - Antti Peltonen
- Aalto-NanoFab, Micronova, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Lilius
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Tukholmankatu 8C, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Laurila
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jari Koskinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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118
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van Nuland M, Rosing H, Huitema ADR, Beijnen JH. Predictive Value of Microdose Pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 58:1221-1236. [PMID: 31030372 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phase 0 microdose trials are exploratory studies to early assess human pharmacokinetics of new chemical entities, while limiting drug exposure and risks for participants. The microdose concept is based on the assumption that microdose pharmacokinetics can be extrapolated to pharmacokinetics of a therapeutic dose. However, it is unknown whether microdose pharmacokinetics are actually indicative of the pharmacokinetics at therapeutic dose. The aim of this review is to investigate the predictive value of microdose pharmacokinetics and to identify drug characteristics that may influence the scalability of these parameters. The predictive value of microdose pharmacokinetics was determined for 46 compounds and showed adequate predictability for 28 of 41 orally administered drugs (68%) and 15 of 16 intravenously administered drugs (94%). Microdose pharmacokinetics were considered predictive if the mean observed values of the microdose and the therapeutic dose were within twofold. Nonlinearity may be caused by saturation of enzyme and transporter systems, such as intestinal and hepatic efflux and uptake transporters. The high degree of success regarding linear pharmacokinetics shows that phase 0 microdose trials can be used as an early human model for determination of drug pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel van Nuland
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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119
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Henderson A, Ng B, Landeweer S, Quinete N, Gardinali P. Assessment of Sucralose, Caffeine and Acetaminophen as Anthropogenic Tracers in Aquatic Systems Across Florida. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:351-357. [PMID: 32749513 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sucralose is one of the most popular artificial sweeteners worldwide. Due to its high stability, persistence and low removal efficiency in wastewater treatment plants, sucralose has been used as an indicator of wastewater intrusion into aquatic systems. However, its stability has also been a reason for discussion whether sucralose's presence in surface water could indicate a recent anthropogenic input. Caffeine and acetaminophen have been considered as tracers in human impacted aquatic ecosystems and potentially good indicators of recent anthropogenic inputs into the environment due to their short half-lives in water. Here, a novel, high throughput and sensitive method based on online SPE-LC-HRMS for the determination of caffeine, sucralose and acetaminophen was developed and validated for both fresh and seawater samples and applied to environmental water samples to evaluate the efficiency of these compounds as tracers of aquatic pollution. Caffeine and sucralose were detected in > 70% of samples, while acetaminophen was only detected in 3% of samples above the MDL, demonstrating its limited environmental applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Brian Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Steven Landeweer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC), Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC), Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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120
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Sengupta S, Johnson B, Seirup M, Ardalani H, Duffin B, Barrett-Wilt GA, Stewart R, Thomson JA. Co-culture with mouse embryonic fibroblasts improves maintenance of metabolic function of human small hepatocyte progenitor cells. Curr Res Toxicol 2020; 1:70-84. [PMID: 34345838 PMCID: PMC8320630 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivation and culture of small hepatocyte progenitor cells (SHPCs) capable of proliferating in vitro has been described in rodents and recently in humans. These cells are capable of engrafting in injured livers, however, they display de-differentiated morphology and reduced xenobiotic metabolism activity in culture over passages. Here we report that SHPCs derived from adult primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) and cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) not only display differentiated morphology and exhibit gene expression profiles similar to adult PHHs, but importantly, they retain their phenotype over several passages. Further, unlike previous reports, where extensive manipulations of culture conditions are required to convert SHPCs to metabolically functional hepatocytes, SHPCs in our co-culture system maintain expression of xenobiotic metabolism-associated genes. We show that SHPCs in co-culture are able to perform xenobiotic metabolism at rates equal to their parent PHHs as evidenced by the metabolism of acetaminophen to all of its major metabolites. In summary, we present an improved co-culture system that allows generation of SHPCs from adult PHHs that maintain their differentiated phenotype over multiple passages. Our findings would be useful for expansion of limited PHHs for use in studies of drug metabolism and toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikumar Sengupta
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Brian Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Morten Seirup
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States of America.,Dianomi Therapeutics, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Hamisha Ardalani
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States of America.,Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, San Jose, CA, United States of America
| | - Bret Duffin
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Gregory A Barrett-Wilt
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States of America.,Department of Cell & Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
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121
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Kostrubiak M, Vatovec CM, Dupigny-Giroux LA, Rizzo DM, Paganelli WC, Tsai MH. Water Pollution and Environmental Concerns in Anesthesiology. J Med Syst 2020; 44:169. [DOI: 10.1007/s10916-020-01634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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122
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Vázquez M, Guevara N, Maldonado C, Guido PC, Schaiquevich P. Potential Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions between Cannabinoids and Drugs Used for Chronic Pain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3902740. [PMID: 32855964 PMCID: PMC7443220 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3902740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Choosing an appropriate treatment for chronic pain remains problematic, and despite the available medication for its treatment, still, many patients complain about pain and appeal to the use of cannabis derivatives for pain control. However, few data have been provided to clinicians about the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of cannabinoids with other concomitant administered medications. Therefore, the aim of this brief review is to assess the interactions between cannabinoids and pain medication through drug transporters (ATP-binding cassette superfamily members) and/or metabolizing enzymes (cytochromes P450 and glucuronyl transferases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Guevara
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Maldonado
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paulo Cáceres Guido
- Unidad de Farmacocinética Clínica, Farmacia, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Schaiquevich
- Medicina de Precisión, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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123
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Abstract
The authors present a case of a fatal intentional acetaminophen (APAP) overdose and remind the physician how ubiquitous the drug is. This case presentation highlights the clinical presentation and treatment options for APAP overdose in unresponsive patients. In cases of massive APAP overdose (> 300 µg/ml plasma at four hours post-ingestion), prompt administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and early hemodialysis are indicated.
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124
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Scheidecker B, Shinohara M, Sugimoto M, Danoy M, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. Induction of in vitro Metabolic Zonation in Primary Hepatocytes Requires Both Near-Physiological Oxygen Concentration and Flux. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:524. [PMID: 32656187 PMCID: PMC7325921 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical drug screening is an important step in assessing the metabolic effects and hepatic toxicity of new pharmaceutical compounds. However, due to the complexity of the liver microarchitecture, simplified in vitro models do not adequately reflect in vivo situations. Especially spatial heterogeneity, known as metabolic zonation, is often lost due to limitations introduced by typical culture conditions. By culturing primary rat hepatocytes in varied ambient oxygen levels on either gas-permeable or non-permeable culture plates, we highlight the importance of biomimetic oxygen supply for the targeted induction of zonation-like phenotypes. Resulting cellular profiles illustrate the effect of pericellular oxygen concentration and consumption rates on hepatic functionality in terms of zone-specific metabolism and β-catenin signaling. We show that modulation of ambient oxygen tension can partially induce metabolic zonation in vitro when considering high supply rates, leading to in vivo-like drug metabolism. However, when oxygen supply is limited, similar modulation instead triggers an ischemic reprogramming, resembling metabolic profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma and increasing susceptibility toward drug-induced injury. Application of this knowledge will allow for the development of more accurate drug screening models to better identify adverse effects in hepatic drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Shinohara
- Department of Mechanical and Biofunctional Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mathieu Danoy
- CNRS UMI 2820, LIMMS, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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125
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Zhang C, Zhang Q, Li J, Yu L, Li F, Li W, Li Y, Peng H, Zhao J, Carmichael PL, Wang Y, Peng S, Guo J. Integration of in vitro data from three dimensionally cultured HepaRG cells and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for assessment of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 114:104661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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126
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Longitudinal wastewater sampling in buildings reveals temporal dynamics of metabolites. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008001. [PMID: 32598361 PMCID: PMC7351223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct sampling of building wastewater has the potential to enable "precision public health" observations and interventions. Temporal sampling offers additional dynamic information that can be used to increase the informational content of individual metabolic "features", but few studies have focused on high-resolution sampling. Here, we sampled three spatially close buildings, revealing individual metabolomics features, retention time (rt) and mass-to-charge ratio (mz) pairs, that often possess similar stationary statistical properties, as expected from aggregate sampling. However, the temporal profiles of features-providing orthogonal information to physicochemical properties-illustrate that many possess different feature temporal dynamics (fTDs) across buildings, with large and unpredictable single day deviations from the mean. Internal to a building, numerous and seemingly unrelated features, with mz and rt differences up to hundreds of Daltons and seconds, display highly correlated fTDs, suggesting non-obvious feature relationships. Data-driven building classification achieves high sensitivity and specificity, and extracts building-identifying features found to possess unique dynamics. Analysis of fTDs from many short-duration samples allows for tailored community monitoring with applicability in public health studies.
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127
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Human multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) is a cellular efflux transporter for paracetamol glutathione and cysteine conjugates. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3027-3032. [PMID: 32472168 PMCID: PMC7415487 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) overdose is a leading cause of acute drug-induced liver failure. APAP hepatotoxicity is mediated by the reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). NAPQI is inactivated by conjugation with glutathione (GSH) to APAP-GSH, which is further converted into its cysteine derivative APAP-CYS. Before necrosis of hepatocytes occurs, APAP-CYS is measurable in plasma of the affected patient and it has been proposed as an early biomarker of acetaminophen toxicity. APAP-GSH and APAP-CYS can be extruded by hepatocytes, but the transporters involved are unknown. In this study we examined whether ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a role in the cellular efflux of APAP, APAP-GSH, and APAP-CYS. The ABC transport proteins P-gp/ABCB1, BSEP/ABCB11, BCRP/ABCG2, and MRP/ABCC1-5 were overexpressed in HEK293 cells and membrane vesicles were produced. Whereas P-gp, BSEP, MRP3, MRP5, and BCRP did not transport any of the compounds, uptake of APAP-GSH was found for MRP1, MRP2 and MRP4. APAP-CYS appeared to be a substrate of MRP4 and none of the ABC proteins transported APAP. The results suggest that the NAPQI metabolite APAP-CYS can be excreted into plasma by MRP4, where it could be a useful biomarker for APAP exposure and toxicity. Characterization of the cellular efflux of APAP-CYS is important for its development as a biomarker, because plasma concentrations might be influenced by drug-transporter interactions and upregulation of MRP4.
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128
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Rapid exposure of macrophages to drugs resolves four classes of effects on the leading edge sensory pseudopod: Non-perturbing, adaptive, disruptive, and activating. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233012. [PMID: 32469878 PMCID: PMC7259666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte migration is controlled by a membrane-based chemosensory pathway on the leading edge pseudopod that guides cell movement up attractant gradients during the innate immune and inflammatory responses. This study employed single cell and population imaging to investigate drug-induced perturbations of leading edge pseudopod morphology in cultured, polarized RAW macrophages. The drugs tested included representative therapeutics (acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, acetaminophen) as well as control drugs (PDGF, Gö6976, wortmannin). Notably, slow addition of any of the four therapeutics to cultured macrophages, mimicking the slowly increasing plasma concentration reported for standard oral dosage in patients, yielded no detectable change in pseudopod morphology. This finding is consistent with the well established clinical safety of these drugs. However, rapid drug addition to cultured macrophages revealed four distinct classes of effects on the leading edge pseudopod: (i) non-perturbing drug exposures yielded no detectable change in pseudopod morphology (acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac); (ii) adaptive exposures yielded temporary collapse of the extended pseudopod and its signature PI(3,4,5)P3 lipid signal followed by slow recovery of extended pseudopod morphology (ibuprofen, acetaminophen); (iii) disruptive exposures yielded long-term pseudopod collapse (Gö6976, wortmannin); and (iv) activating exposures yielded pseudopod expansion (PDGF). The novel observation of adaptive exposures leads us to hypothesize that rapid addition of an adaptive drug overwhelms an intrinsic or extrinsic adaptation system yielding temporary collapse followed by adaptive recovery, while slow addition enables gradual adaptation to counteract the drug perturbation in real time. Overall, the results illustrate an approach that may help identify therapeutic drugs that temporarily inhibit the leading edge pseudopod during extreme inflammation events, and toxic drugs that yield long term inhibition of the pseudopod with negative consequences for innate immunity. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of drug-induced pseudopod collapse, as well as the mechanisms of adaptation and recovery following some inhibitory drug exposures.
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129
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Karbownik A, Sobańska K, Grabowski T, Stanisławiak-Rudowicz J, Wolc A, Grześkowiak E, Szałek E. In vivo assessment of the drug interaction between sorafenib and paracetamol in rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:1039-1048. [PMID: 32394097 PMCID: PMC7305075 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Sorafenib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and radioactive iodine resistant thyroid carcinoma. Neoplastic diseases are the cause of pain, which may occur regardless of the stage of the disease. Paracetamol is a non-opioid analgesic used alone or in combination with opioids for the treatment of cancer pain. Numerous studies have pointed out changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of TKIs when co-administered with paracetamol. The aim of the study was to assess drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between sorafenib and paracetamol. Methods Rats were divided into three groups, each consisting of eight animals. The first group received sorafenib (IIS), the second group received sorafenib + paracetamol (IS+PA), whereas the third group received only paracetamol (IIIPA). A single dose of sorafenib (100 mg/kg b.w.) and paracetamol (100 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally. The plasma concentrations of sorafenib and its metabolite–N-oxide as well as paracetamol and its glucuronide and sulphate metabolites were measured using validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with ultraviolet detection. Results The co-administration of sorafenib and paracetamol increased the maximum concentration (Cmax) of paracetamol by 33% (p = 0.0372). In the IS+ PA group the Cmax of paracetamol glucuronide was reduced by 48% (p = < 0.0001), whereas the Cmax of paracetamol sulphate was higher by 153% (p = 0.0012) than in the IIIPA group. Paracetamol increased sorafenib and sorafenib N-oxide Cmax by 60% (p = 0.0068) and 83% (p = 0.0023), respectively. Conclusions A greater knowledge of DDI between sorafenib and paracetamol may help adjust dose properly and avoid toxicity effects in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Karbownik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny Str., 61-861, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Sobańska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny Str., 61-861, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grabowski
- Polpharma Biologics SA, Trzy Lipy 3 Str., 80-172, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Anna Wolc
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 239E Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Hy-Line International, 2583 240th Street, Dallas Center, IA, 50063, USA
| | - Edmund Grześkowiak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny Str., 61-861, Poznań, Poland
| | - Edyta Szałek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny Str., 61-861, Poznań, Poland
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Ramaiahgari SC, Auerbach SS, Saddler TO, Rice JR, Dunlap PE, Sipes NS, DeVito MJ, Shah RR, Bushel PR, Merrick BA, Paules RS, Ferguson SS. The Power of Resolution: Contextualized Understanding of Biological Responses to Liver Injury Chemicals Using High-throughput Transcriptomics and Benchmark Concentration Modeling. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:553-566. [PMID: 30850835 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction of human response to chemical exposures is a major challenge in both pharmaceutical and toxicological research. Transcriptomics has been a powerful tool to explore chemical-biological interactions, however, limited throughput, high-costs, and complexity of transcriptomic interpretations have yielded numerous studies lacking sufficient experimental context for predictive application. To address these challenges, we have utilized a novel high-throughput transcriptomics (HTT) platform, TempO-Seq, to apply the interpretive power of concentration-response modeling with exposures to 24 reference compounds in both differentiated and non-differentiated human HepaRG cell cultures. Our goals were to (1) explore transcriptomic characteristics distinguishing liver injury compounds, (2) assess impacts of differentiation state of HepaRG cells on baseline and compound-induced responses (eg, metabolically-activated), and (3) identify and resolve reference biological-response pathways through benchmark concentration (BMC) modeling. Study data revealed the predictive utility of this approach to identify human liver injury compounds by their respective BMCs in relation to human internal exposure plasma concentrations, and effectively distinguished drug analogs with varied associations of human liver injury (eg, withdrawn therapeutics trovafloxacin and troglitazone). Impacts of cellular differentiation state (proliferated vs differentiated) were revealed on baseline drug metabolizing enzyme expression, hepatic receptor signaling, and responsiveness to metabolically-activated toxicants (eg, cyclophosphamide, benzo(a)pyrene, and aflatoxin B1). Finally, concentration-response modeling enabled efficient identification and resolution of plausibly-relevant biological-response pathways through their respective pathway-level BMCs. Taken together, these findings revealed HTT paired with differentiated in vitro liver models as an effective tool to model, explore, and interpret toxicological and pharmacological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasa C Ramaiahgari
- *Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences of National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Scott S Auerbach
- *Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences of National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Trey O Saddler
- *Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences of National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Julie R Rice
- *Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences of National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Paul E Dunlap
- *Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences of National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Nisha S Sipes
- *Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences of National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Michael J DeVito
- *Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences of National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Ruchir R Shah
- Sciome, LLC, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Pierre R Bushel
- *Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences of National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709.,Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences of National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Bruce A Merrick
- *Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences of National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Richard S Paules
- *Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences of National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Stephen S Ferguson
- *Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences of National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709
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131
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Jiang D, Shen M, Ahiadu B, Rusling JF. Organ-Specific Screening for Protein Damage Using Magnetic Bead Bioreactors and LC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5337-5345. [PMID: 32176468 PMCID: PMC7509849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new 96-well plate methodology for fast, enzyme-multiplexed screening for metabolite-protein adducts was developed. Magnetic beads coated with metabolic enzymes were used to make potentially reactive metabolites that can react with test protein in the wells, followed by sample workup in multiple 96-well filter plates for LC-MS/MS analysis. Incorporation of human microsomes from multiple organs and selected supersomes of single cytochrome P450 (cyt P450) enzymes on the magnetic beads provided a broad spectrum of metabolic enzymes. The reacted protein was then isolated, denatured, reduced, alkylated, and digested, and peptides were collected in a sequence of 96-well filter plates for analysis. Method performance was evaluated by trapping acetaminophen reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) with human glutathione S-transferase pi (hGSTP), human serum albumin (HSA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model target proteins. Relative amounts of acetaminophen metabolite and hGSTP adducts were compared with 10 different cyt P450 enzymes. Human liver microsomes and CYP1A2 supersomes showed the highest bioactivation rate for adduct formation, in which all four cysteines of hGSTP reacted with NAPQI. Eight cysteines of HSA and four cysteines of BSA have been detected to react with NAPQI. This method has the potential for fast multienzyme protein adduct screening with high efficiency and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ben Ahiadu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
- Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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132
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Saad KM, Shaker ME, Shaaban AA, Abdelrahman RS, Said E. The c-Met inhibitor capmatinib alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106292. [PMID: 32062076 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity comes among the most frequent humans' toxicities caused by drugs. So far, therapeutic interventions for such type of drug-induced toxicity are still limited. In the current study, we examined the influence of capmatinib (Cap), a novel c-Met inhibitor, on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice when administered 2 h prior, 2 h post and 4 h post APAP-challenge. The results revealed that Cap administration significantly attenuated APAP-induced liver injury when administered only 2 h prior and post APAP-administration. Cap hepatoprotective effect was mediated by lowering the excessive formation of lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress products caused by APAP. Besides, Cap attenuated APAP-induced overproduction and release of proinflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-6, and MCP-1. Cap treatment also led to avoidance of APAP-subsequent repair by abating APAP-induced elevation of hepatic IL-22 and PCNA expressions. In conclusion, c-Met receptor inhibition may be a potential strategy for alleviating APAP-hepatotoxicity, especially when administered in the early phase of intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem M Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Rehab S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al-Munawwarah 30001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Chen KF, Chan LN, Senn TD, Oelschlager BK, Flum DR, Shen DD, Horn JR, Lin YS. The Impact of Proximal Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on Acetaminophen Absorption and Metabolism. Pharmacotherapy 2020; 40:191-203. [PMID: 31960977 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBS), a surgery that creates a smaller stomach pouch and reduces the length of small intestine, is one of the most common medical interventions for the treatment of obesity. AIM The aim of this study was to determine how RYGBS affects the absorption and metabolism of acetaminophen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten morbidly obese patients received 1.5 g of liquid acetaminophen (APAP) orally on three separate pharmacokinetic study days (i.e., pre-RYGBS baseline and 3 and 12 months post-RYGBS). Plasma was collected at pre-specified timepoints over 24 hours, and the samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for APAP, APAPglucuronide (APAP-gluc), APAP-sulfate (APAP-sulf), APAP-cysteine (APAP-cys), and APAP-Nacetylcysteine (APAP-nac). RESULT Following RYGBS, peak APAP concentrations at the 3-month and 12-month visits increased by 2.0-fold compared to baseline (p=0.0039 and p=0.0078, respectively) and the median time to peak concentration decreased from 35 to 10 minutes. In contrast, peak concentrations of APAP-gluc, APAP-sulf, APAP-cys, and APAP-nac were unchanged following RYGBS. The apparent oral clearance of APAP and the ratios of metabolite area under the curve (AUC)-to-APAP AUC for all four metabolites decreased at 3 and 12 months post-RYGBS compared to the presurgical baseline. In a simulation of expected steady-state plasma concentrations following multiple dosing of 650 mg APAP every 4 hours, post-RYGBS patients had higher steady-state peak APAP concentrations compared to healthy individuals and obese pre-RYGBS patients, though APAP exposure was unchanged compared to healthy individuals. CONCLUSION Following RYGBS, the rate and extent of APAP absorption increased and decreased formation of APAP metabolites was observed, possibly due to downregulation of Phase II and cytochrome P450 2E1 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Fu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Taurence D Senn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - David R Flum
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Danny D Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John R Horn
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yvonne S Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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134
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The Risk of Drug-Drug Interactions with Paracetamol in a Population of Hospitalized Geriatric Patients. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS 2020; 2020:1354209. [PMID: 32099714 PMCID: PMC6995317 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1354209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims This study investigates the consumption of paracetamol and the risk of potential drug-drug interactions and assesses the clinical impact hereof in patients admitted to a department of geriatric medicine. Methods A retrospective and longitudinal study was conducted in patients who had been receiving paracetamol upon or during hospitalization. The hospital files of the included patients were reviewed, including documentation of concomitant medications, diagnoses, biochemical values, and adverse incidents during admission. These parameters were used as a clinical follow-up when assessing a clinical probability impact of the identified drug-drug interactions. Results In total, 104 patients were admitted during the study period. 91 (87.5%) of these (mean age 86 years) received a prescription or were treated with paracetamol. Of these, 10% were evaluated as being at risk of potential drug-drug interactions with paracetamol. Seven of the potential drug-drug interactions were related to treatments with warfarin, one with valsartan and one with phenytoin. Of the nine patients at risk, six did experience either abnormal biochemical values or potential related clinical incidents. Four patients experienced increased INR (range 3.2–4.6), of which one patient suffered from anaemia and one with hematemesis. Two patients experienced increased ALAT/ASAT (55/42 U/I and 87/51 U/I, both females). One experienced hypertension. Conclusion A large majority of the patients in this study received treatment with paracetamol. Six patients were evaluated as having abnormal biochemical values or were experiencing clinical incidents during their hospitalization potentially related to the identified potential drug-drug interactions.
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135
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Chiew AL, Domingo G, Buckley NA, Stathakis P, Ress K, Roberts DM. Hepatotoxicity in a child following an accidental overdose of liquid paracetamol. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2020; 58:1063-1066. [PMID: 32067495 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2020.1722150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Accidental pediatric liquid paracetamol exposure is common. Most children do not require treatment with acetylcysteine and acute liver injury is rare.Case report: An otherwise well 3-year-old (15.4 kg) girl with recent vomiting and low-grade fever presented 1 h post-accidental ingestion of up to 150 mL of 24 mg/mL (240 mg/kg) of liquid paracetamol. Paracetamol concentrations 2 and 4 h post-ingestion were 105 and 97 mg/L, respectively, both below the nomogram treatment threshold so acetylcysteine was not administered. The ALT was elevated to 52 U/L 4 h post-ingestion, and then 219 U/L at 17 h, so intravenous acetylcysteine was commenced at 25 h. ALT peaked at 1393 U/L 5d post-ingestion, and INR peaked at 1.5 at 44 h post-ingestion. Acetylcysteine continued for 64 h and she made an uneventful recovery. Paracetamol metabolites were measured including, nontoxic glucuronide and sulphate conjugates and toxic cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites (cysteine and mercapturate). The apparent paracetamol half-life was 6.3 h. Her CYP metabolites were higher than usual, 11% of total metabolites. Glucuronide and sulphate conjugates accounted for 71 and 18% of total metabolites, respectively.Conclusion: This uncommon case of hepatotoxicity in a child following accidental liquid paracetamol ingestion may have been due to increased susceptibility from a recent viral illness with decreased oral intake, as evidenced by the higher proportion of CYP metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Chiew
- New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Genaro Domingo
- Department of Paediatrics, Tamworth Rural Referral Hospital, Tamworth, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Buckley
- New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Paul Stathakis
- NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Kirsty Ress
- NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Darren M Roberts
- New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
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Pflugbeil S, Böckl K, Pongratz R, Leitner M, Graninger W, Ortner A. Drug interactions in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2020; 40:511-521. [PMID: 32052146 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treating patients with inflammatory joint diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis) according to established treatment algorithms often requires the simultaneous use of three or more medications to relieve symptoms and prevent long-term joint damage as well as disability. OBJECTIVE To assess and give an overview on drug-drug interactions in the pharmacotherapy of inflammatory joint diseases with regards to their clinical relevance. METHODS All possible drug combinations were evaluated using three commercially available drug interaction programs. In those cases where only limited/no data were found, a comprehensive hand search of Pubmed was carried out. Finally, the drug-drug interactions of all possible combinations were classified according to evidence-based medicine and a specifically generated relevance-based system. RESULTS All three interaction software programs showed consistent results. All detected interactions were combined in clearly structured tables. CONCLUSION A concise overview on drug-drug interactions is given. Especially in more sophisticated cases extensive knowledge of drug interactions supports optimisation of therapy and results in improved patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Pflugbeil
- Division of Rheumatology, ÖGK Outpatient Department of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Böckl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Pongratz
- Division of Rheumatology, ÖGK Outpatient Department of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Marianne Leitner
- Hospital Pharmacy, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Winfried Graninger
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Ortner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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137
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Abstract
No professional society has created guidelines to aid clinicians in the management of analgesics in the setting of hepatic injury. Acetaminophen overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States. In the setting of acetaminophen toxicity, N-acetylcysteine remains the standard of care. Other analgesics including nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, opiates, tricyclic antidepressants, and anticonvulsants rarely cause liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Darr
- Houston Methodist Medical Center, 16605 Southwest Freeway, Suite 175, MOB 3, Sugar Land, TX 77479, USA
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138
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Ji Y, Azuine RE, Zhang Y, Hou W, Hong X, Wang G, Riley A, Pearson C, Zuckerman B, Wang X. Association of Cord Plasma Biomarkers of In Utero Acetaminophen Exposure With Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Childhood. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:180-189. [PMID: 31664451 PMCID: PMC6822099 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Prior studies have raised concern about maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy and increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in their children; however, most studies have relied on maternal self-report. OBJECTIVE To examine the prospective associations between cord plasma acetaminophen metabolites and physician-diagnosed ADHD, ASD, both ADHD and ASD, and developmental disabilities (DDs) in childhood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study analyzed 996 mother-infant dyads, a subset of the Boston Birth Cohort, who were enrolled at birth and followed up prospectively at the Boston Medical Center from October 1, 1998, to June 30, 2018. EXPOSURES Three cord acetaminophen metabolites (unchanged acetaminophen, acetaminophen glucuronide, and 3-[N-acetyl-l-cystein-S-yl]-acetaminophen) were measured in archived cord plasma samples collected at birth. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Physician-diagnosed ADHD, ASD, and other DDs as documented in the child's medical records. RESULTS Of 996 participants (mean [SD] age, 9.8 [3.9] years; 548 [55.0%] male), the final sample included 257 children (25.8%) with ADHD only, 66 (6.6%) with ASD only, 42 (4.2%) with both ADHD and ASD, 304 (30.5%) with other DDs, and 327 (32.8%) who were neurotypical. Unchanged acetaminophen levels were detectable in all cord plasma samples. Compared with being in the first tertile, being in the second and third tertiles of cord acetaminophen burden was associated with higher odds of ADHD diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] for second tertile, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.40-3.69; OR for third tertile, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.77-4.67) and ASD diagnosis (OR for second tertile, 2.14; 95% CI, 0.93-5.13; OR for third tertile, 3.62; 95% CI, 1.62-8.60). Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses found consistent associations between acetaminophen buden and ADHD and acetaminophen burden and ASD across strata of potential confounders, including maternal indication, substance use, preterm birth, and child age and sex, for which point estimates for the ORs vary from 2.3 to 3.5 for ADHD and 1.6 to 4.1 for ASD. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cord biomarkers of fetal exposure to acetaminophen were associated with significantly increased risk of childhood ADHD and ASD in a dose-response fashion. Our findings support previous studies regarding the association between prenatal and perinatal acetaminophen exposure and childhood neurodevelopmental risk and warrant additional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelong Ji
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Romuladus E. Azuine
- Division of Research, Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wenpin Hou
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anne Riley
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barry Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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139
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Lao YE, Molden E, Kringen MK, Annexstad EJ, Saeverud HA, Jacobsen D, Hovda KE. Fatal liver failure after therapeutic doses of paracetamol in a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and atypical pharmacogenetic profile of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:47-51. [PMID: 31977139 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol has a good safety profile, but pharmacogenetic differences in drug-metabolizing enzymes may have an impact on its risk of hepatotoxicity. We present a case of fatal acute liver failure (ALF) after therapeutic doses of paracetamol in a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where pharmacogenetic screening was conducted. This 30-year-old man was electively admitted for a tracheostomy. A total of 14.5 g paracetamol was given over four days. He developed a severe ALF and died 11 days after admission. Pharmacogenetic screening showed absent CYP2D6 metabolism and increased CYP1A2 activity, which may have increased the formation of toxic intermediate metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imine (NAPQI). He also had decreased function of UGT2B15, which increases the amount of paracetamol available for metabolism to NAPQI. Having a reduced muscle mass and thus a reduced glutathione levels to detoxify produced NAPQI may add to the risk of toxicity. This case may indicate that pharmacogenetic variability is of potential relevance for the risk of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in patients with neuromuscular diseases. Further studies should investigate if pharmacogenetic screening could be a tool to detect potentially increased risk of hepatotoxicity in these patients at therapeutic doses of paracetamol and hence provide information for selection of analgesic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Elisabeth Lao
- Norwegian National Unit for CBRNE Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Molden
- Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Kristiansen Kringen
- Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Johanne Annexstad
- Department of Neurology, Unit for Congenital and Inherited Neuromuscular Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Dag Jacobsen
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Hovda
- Norwegian National Unit for CBRNE Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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140
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Mussap M, Loddo C, Fanni C, Fanos V. Metabolomics in pharmacology - a delve into the novel field of pharmacometabolomics. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:115-134. [PMID: 31958027 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1713750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacometabolomics is an emerging science pursuing the application of precision medicine. Combining both genetic and environmental factors, the so-called pharmacometabolomic approach guides patient selection and stratification in clinical trials and optimizes personalized drug dosage, improving efficacy and safety.Areas covered: This review illustrates the progressive introduction of pharmacometabolomics as an innovative solution for enhancing the discovery of novel drugs and improving research and development (R&D) productivity of the pharmaceutical industry. An extended analysis on published pharmacometabolomics studies both in animal models and humans includes results obtained in several areas such as hepatology, gastroenterology, nephrology, neuropsychiatry, oncology, drug addiction, embryonic cells, neonatology, and microbiomics.Expert opinion: a tailored, individualized therapy based on the optimization of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, the improvement of drug efficacy, and the abolition of drug toxicity and adverse drug reactions is a key issue in precision medicine. Genetics alone has become insufficient for deciphring intra- and inter-individual variations in drug-response, since they originate both from genetic and environmental factors, including human microbiota composition. The association between pharmacogenomics and pharmacometabolomics may be considered the new strategy for an in-deep knowledge on changes and alterations in human and microbial metabolic pathways due to the action of a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mussap
- Laboratory Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Fanni
- Division of Pediatrics, Rovigo Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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141
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Gabriel RA, Burton BN, Urman RD, Waterman RS. Genomics Testing and Personalized Medicine in the Preoperative Setting. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2020; 29:73-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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142
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Drugs and liver injury in children. PEDIATRU.RO 2020. [DOI: 10.26416/pedi.58.2.2020.3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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143
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Repurposing Antibacterial AM404 as a Potential Anticancer Drug for Targeting Colorectal Cancer Stem-Like Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010106. [PMID: 31906201 PMCID: PMC7017077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-promoting inflammation is involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and therapeutic resistance. However, the antibiotics and antibacterial drugs and signalling that regulate the potency of anticancer treatment upon forced differentiation of cancer stem-like cell (CSC) are not fully defined yet. We screened an NIH-clinical collection of the small-molecule compound library of antibacterial/anti-inflammatory agents that identified potential candidate drugs targeting CRC-SC for differentiation. Selected compounds were validated in both in vitro organoids and ex vivo colon explant models for their differentiation induction, impediment on neoplastic cell growth, and to elucidate the mechanism of their anticancer activity. We initially focused on AM404, an anandamide uptake inhibitor. AM404 is a metabolite of acetaminophen with antibacterial activity, which showed high potential in preventing CRC-SC features, such as stemness/de-differentiation, migration and drug-resistance. Furthermore, AM404 suppressed the expression of FBXL5 E3-ligase, where AM404 sensitivity was mimicked by FBXL5-knockout. This study uncovers a new molecular mechanism for AM404-altering FBXL5 oncogene which mediates chemo-resistance and CRC invasion, thereby proposes to repurpose antibacterial AM404 as an anticancer agent.
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144
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Kim IH, Choi JW, Nam TJ. PYP1-4 peptide from Pyropia yezoensis protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:849-860. [PMID: 32010245 PMCID: PMC6966212 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic. It is safe at normal treatment doses; however, APAP overdose is a major cause of acute liver and kidney failure. A variety of methods to reduce the damage caused by APAP overdose have previously been evaluated. The protein-rich seaweed Pyropia yezoensis has antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities, and protects against cytotoxicity. However, little is known regarding the protective effects of P. yezoensis peptide against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The present study investigated the ability of P. yezoensis peptide (PYP1-4) to ameliorate the damage caused by APAP-induced hepatotoxicity using HepG2 as the model cell line in addition to the signaling pathways involved. Briefly, cell viability, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and apoptosis assays were performed in conjunction with western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. First, the present study revealed the minimum toxic concentration of APAP (15 mM) and the resting concentration of PYP1-4 (0–500 ng/ml). Administration of PYP1-4 to APAP-induced cells decreased the nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species levels, and restored the levels of antioxidant-associated proteins (catalase, heme oxygenase 1, superoxide dismutase 2 and quinone oxidoreductase 1). PYP1-4 increased the translocation of nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 to the nucleus and the activities of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase. In addition, APAP induced apoptosis; however, PYP1-4 inhibited apoptosis by modulating the levels of pro-apoptotic markers (Bad), anti-apoptotic markers (Bcl-2 and BH3 interacting domain death agonist), caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. Subsequently, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling pathway was investigated to determine whether PYP1-4 treatment restored the levels of cell growth-associated factors during APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. PYP1-4 treatment impacted the levels of components of the insulin receptor substrate 1/PI3K/Akt and Ras/Raf/ERK signaling pathways, and promoted cell survival. Therefore, the P. yezoensis peptide PYP1-4 may be useful for preventing APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Kim
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Wook Choi
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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145
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Jiang S, Madrasi K, Samant T, Lagishetty C, Vozmediano V, Chiew A, Abdel-Rahman SM, James LP, Schmidt S. Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Acetaminophen Protein Adducts in Adults and Children. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 60:595-604. [PMID: 31802503 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen protein adducts (adducts) are a well-established biomarker to diagnose acetaminophen toxicity. To date, the quantitative relationship between acetaminophen exposure, which drives adduct formation, and adduct exposure remains to be established. Our study characterized the adduct formation and disposition in adults using the approach of population parent-metabolite modeling. It demonstrated formation-limited pharmacokinetics (PK) for adducts in healthy subjects. This finding expands the existing knowledge on adduct PK that showed an apparent long elimination half-life. We then allometrically scaled the adduct PK model to children, simulated the adduct profiles, and compared these simulated profiles with those observed in an independent cohort of children. The scaled model significantly overpredicted the adduct concentrations in children early on in treatment and underpredicted concentrations following repeated acetaminophen doses. These results suggest that children demonstrate different adduct PK behavior from that of adults, most likely because of increased reactive metabolite detoxification in children. In summary, we described the first PK model linking acetaminophen and acetaminophen protein adduct concentrations, which provides a semimechanistic understanding of varying profiles of adduct exposure in adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Jiang
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Kumpal Madrasi
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Tanay Samant
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Chakradhar Lagishetty
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Valvanera Vozmediano
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Angela Chiew
- Department of Clinical Toxicology Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,NSW Poisons Information Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan M Abdel-Rahman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Laura P James
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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146
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Lin ZH, Chan YF, Pan MH, Tung YC, Su ZY. Aged Citrus Peel (Chenpi) Prevents Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Epigenetically Regulating Nrf2 Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1833-1851. [PMID: 31795743 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of analgesic drug acetaminophen (APAP) can cause severe oxidative stress-mediated liver injury. Here, we investigated the protective effect and mechanism of aged citrus peel (Chenpi, CP), a Chinese herb usually used in foods in Asia, against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. CP water (CP-WE), ethanolic (CP-EE), and water extraction residue ethanolic (CP-WREE) extracts were prepared. We found that CP-WREE contained higher content of bioactive flavonoids, including narirutin, nobiletin, and tangeretin, and more effectively enhanced the Nrf2 pathway in ARE-luciferase reporter gene transfected human HepG2-C8 cells. In mouse AML-12 hepatocytes, CP-WREE minimized APAP-induced damage and lipid peroxidation and increased mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and its downstream defense enzymes (HO-1, NQO1, and UGT1A). CP-WREE also downregulated HDACs and DNMTs, upregulated KDMs, and increased the unmethylated Nrf2 promoter level. Additionally, CP-WREE blocked in vitro DNA methyltransferase activity. Taken together, CP-WREE might attenuate oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity through epigenetically regulating Nrf2-mediated cellular defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Lin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fan Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Tung
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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147
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Polymorphic Expression of UGT1A9 is Associated with Variable Acetaminophen Glucuronidation in Neonates: A Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic Study. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 57:1325-1336. [PMID: 29654492 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-018-0634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acetaminophen (paracetamol, APAP) is widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug in children and neonates. A number of enzymes contribute to the metabolism of acetaminophen, and genetic factors might be important to explain variability in acetaminophen metabolism among individuals. METHODS The current investigation utilized a previously published parent-metabolite population pharmacokinetic model describing acetaminophen glucuronidation, sulfation, and oxidation to examine the potential role of genetic variability on the relevant metabolic pathways. Neonates were administered 30-min intravenous infusions of acetaminophen 15 mg/kg every 12 h (< 28 weeks' gestational age [GA]) or every 8 h (≥ 28 weeks GA) for 48 h. A total of 18 sequence variations (SVs) in UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), sulfotransferase (SULT), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes from 33 neonates (aged 1-26 days) were examined in a stepwise manner for an effect on the metabolic formation clearance of acetaminophen by glucuronidation (UGT), sulfation (SULT), and oxidation (CYP). The stepwise covariate modeling procedure was performed using NONMEM® version 7.3. RESULTS Incorporation of genotype as a covariate for one SV located in the UGT1A9 gene promoter region (rs3832043, - 118 > insT, T9 > T10) significantly improved model fit (likelihood ratio test, p < 0.001) and reduced between-subject variability in glucuronide formation clearance. Individuals with the UGT1A9 T10 polymorphism, indicating insertion of an additional thymidine nucleotide, had a 42% reduction in clearance to APAP-glucuronide as compared to their wild-type counterparts. CONCLUSION This study shows a pharmacogenetic effect of an SV in the UGT1A9 promoter region on the metabolism of acetaminophen in neonates.
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148
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Abstract
When taken in the recommended dosage, acetaminophen is a safe and effective analgesic and antipyretic agent. Its wide availability and easy accessibility make accidental or intentional overdose, leading to hepatotoxicity, a common occurrence. To prevent morbidity and mortality, prompt recognition of acetaminophen toxicity is essential. This article covers the stages of acetaminophen toxicity, recommended treatments, and NP considerations, including patient education recommendations.
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149
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Borro M, Guglielmetti M, Simmaco M, Martelletti P, Gentile G. The future of pharmacogenetics in the treatment of migraine. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:1159-1173. [PMID: 31637960 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is considered one of the most disabling neurological disorder with a high socioeconomic burden. Pharmacological management includes many classes of drugs which in the most cases, are administrated in polytherapy. The therapeutic scheme of migraineurs is often affected by comorbidities which need concomitant medications, thus increasing the risk of side effects related to drug-drug interactions. Pharmacogenetics is a promising tool to achieve a personalized cure based on individual genetic profile while the availability of free online knowledge bases allows to check the potential DDIs of selected medications. Combining, these approaches may offer to clinicians a useful tool to improve the appropriateness of migraine polytherapy choice, aiming to increase the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Borro
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Guglielmetti
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Regional Referral Headache Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Regional Referral Headache Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gentile
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
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150
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An Evolutionary Perspective on the Impact of Genomic Copy Number Variation on Human Health. J Mol Evol 2019; 88:104-119. [PMID: 31522275 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-019-09911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs), deletions and duplications of segments of DNA, account for at least five times more variable base pairs in humans than single-nucleotide variants. Several common CNVs were shown to change coding and regulatory sequences and thus dramatically affect adaptive phenotypes involving immunity, perception, metabolism, skin structure, among others. Some of these CNVs were also associated with susceptibility to cancer, infection, and metabolic disorders. These observations raise the possibility that CNVs are a primary contributor to human phenotypic variation and consequently evolve under selective pressures. Indeed, locus-specific haplotype-level analyses revealed signatures of natural selection on several CNVs. However, more traditional tests of selection which are often applied to single-nucleotide variation often have diminished statistical power when applied to CNVs because they often do not show strong linkage disequilibrium with nearby variants. Recombination-based formation mechanisms of CNVs lead to frequent recurrence and gene conversion events, breaking the linkage disequilibrium involving CNVs. Similar methodological challenges also prevent routine genome-wide association studies to adequately investigate the impact of CNVs on heritable human disease. Thus, we argue that the full relevance of CNVs to human health and evolution is yet to be elucidated. We further argue that a holistic investigation of formation mechanisms within an evolutionary framework would provide a powerful framework to understand the functional and biomedical impact of CNVs. In this paper, we review several cases where studies reveal diverse evolutionary histories and unexpected functional consequences of CNVs. We hope that this review will encourage further work on CNVs by both evolutionary and medical geneticists.
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