101
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Perkins JN, Chi AW, Patel NJ. Plasmablastic Lymphoma of the Nasal Septum. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 145:868-869. [PMID: 31318382 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2019.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Perkins
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente-Mid Atlantic Permanente Group, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Anthony W Chi
- Department of Pathology, Kaiser Permanente Mid Atlantic, Regional Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Nitinkumar J Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente-Mid Atlantic Permanente Group, Falls Church, Virginia
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102
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Bindra BS, Ramineni G, Sattar Y, Khillan R. CD-20 Negative Plasmablastic Lymphoma Lurking in the Shadow of a Leiomyoma - Diagnosis and Management. Cureus 2019; 11:e5217. [PMID: 31565620 PMCID: PMC6758954 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD20-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare entity and constitutes 1-2% of all DLBCLs. Major subtypes include plasmablastic lymphomas (PBLs), primary effusion lymphomas, anaplastic kinase positive large B-cell lymphomas, and large B-cell lymphomas arising in human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Amongst the known subtypes, PBL is the most common and presents as an aggressive extranodal disease with high resistance to routine chemotherapy regimens, thereby posing a therapeutic challenge. Though more commonly seen in HIV-positive patients, PBL cases have also been reported in HIV negative patients. We report a unique case of PBL with pelvic organ involvement in an HIV/Epstein-Barr virus-negative patient. The neoplastic cells were found to be positive for CD79a, MUM1, BCL6, and PAX5, with a Ki-67 proliferation index of 92%. Our case met the criteria for the plasmablastic variant, and remission was obtained with etoposide, vincristine, and doxorubicin with bolus doses of cyclophosphamide and oral prednisone (EPOCH) therapy. This case report aims to highlight the challenges related to the diagnosis and treatment of CD20-negative DLBCL, with special emphasis on the PBL subtype and to provide an insight into some of the upcoming, less conventional treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikramjit S Bindra
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Gowthami Ramineni
- Internal Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Ongole, IND
| | - Yasar Sattar
- Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Ratesh Khillan
- Hematology / Oncology, Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, New York, USA
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103
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Yordanova K, Stilgenbauer S, Bohle RM, Lesan V, Thurner L, Kaddu-Mulindwa D, Bittenbring JT, Scharberger M, Aßmann G, Bewarder M. Spontaneous regression of a plasmablastic lymphoma with MYC rearrangement. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:e203-e207. [PMID: 31257571 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krista Yordanova
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Rainer M Bohle
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Vadim Lesan
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | | | - Jörg T Bittenbring
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Matthias Scharberger
- Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Gunter Aßmann
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Moritz Bewarder
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
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104
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Weber V, Helling K, Matthias C. [HIV-associated plasmablastic lymphoma of the paranasal sinuses : An incidental finding]. HNO 2019; 66:144-147. [PMID: 28608188 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-017-0373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A 48-year-old female patient presented to the ENT department of the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz with subfebrile temperatures, one-sided nasal obstruction, and left-sided cephalgia. Clinical examination and CT scans showed a mass occupying the left nasal cavity and left paranasal sinuses. Further diagnosis and histopathological examination showed an HIV-associated plasmablastic lymphoma of the left paranasal sinuses. This case report with literature review discusses the diagnosis and treatment of this rare nasal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Weber
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Unimedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101, Mainz, Deutschland.
| | - K Helling
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Unimedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - C Matthias
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Unimedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101, Mainz, Deutschland
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105
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Lilly AJ, Fedoriw Y. Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Surg Pathol Clin 2019; 12:771-782. [PMID: 31352987 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with an increased risk for developing B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. The spectrum of disease differs in HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected persons, with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas constituting a higher proportion of all lymphoproliferative disorders in the HIV-positive population. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly changed the landscape of lymphomas arising in HIV-infected persons, population growth and aging are reflected in the steady increase in non-AIDS-defining cancers. In the ART era, outcomes for HIV-infected lymphoma patients are similar to those of HIV-negative patients. This article reviews the diagnostic features and summarizes current biologic understanding of HIV-associated lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Lilly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB #7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| | - Yuri Fedoriw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB #7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA.
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106
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Rhoades R, Gong J, Palmisiano N, Alpdogan O. Primary central nervous system plasmablastic lymphoma in an HIV-positive patient. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/3/e226755. [PMID: 30872336 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, highly associated with HIV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. It commonly presents in extranodal sites, often an oral mass, but reports of primary central nervous system PBL (PCNSPBL) are exceedingly rare. Here, we report on a 33-year-old man with newly diagnosed HIV infection who presented with acute-onset unilateral visual disturbance and was found to have biopsy-proven PCNSPBL. The neoplastic cells displayed a plasmacytoid appearance, with the expression of CD38 and CD138, and were positive for EBV by in situ hybridisation for EBV-encoded RNA. Systemic workup revealed the presence of Kaposi sarcoma, but no evidence of lymphoma. He is currently being treated with high-dose methotrexate, as well as antiretroviral therapy for his HIV infection, and has achieved a complete response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Rhoades
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jerald Gong
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neil Palmisiano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Onder Alpdogan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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107
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A Rare Presentation of HIV-Negative Plasmablastic Lymphoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma. Case Rep Hematol 2019; 2019:2907317. [PMID: 30906602 PMCID: PMC6393929 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2907317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) and plasmablastic plasma cell myeloma (PCM) have many overlapping characteristics. Clinical correlation can help make the distinction between the two entities. Human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) negative PBL is a rare disease, making the diagnosis more challenging. While there is no standard of care for PBL, current recommendations include dose-adjusted EPOCH (etoposide, vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone), with or without bortezomib. We report an aggressive case of HIV-negative plasmablastic lymphoma and discuss the challenge in establishing a diagnosis. We review the literature regarding this disease and current recommendations for treatment.
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108
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Plasmablastic Lymphoma in an Immunocompetent Patient with MDS/MPN with Ring Sideroblasts and Thrombocytosis-A Case Report. Case Rep Hematol 2018; 2018:2525070. [PMID: 30524760 PMCID: PMC6247723 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2525070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare, aggressive type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with the vast majority of patients responding poorly to treatment or progressing shortly thereafter. Cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine-prednisolone (CHOP) or CHOP-like regimens have disappointing results in this setting. We report a case of PBL arising in a previously diagnosed myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative (MDS/MPN) with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytopenia (RS-T), HIV-negative patient treated with the combination of CHOP and bortezomib. The patient achieved complete metabolic response, which has lasted one year, longer by far than would have been expected with the sole use of CHOP.
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109
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Diaz R, Amalaseelan J, Imlay-Gillespie L. Plasmablastic lymphoma masquerading solitary plasmacytoma in an immunocompetent patient. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-225374. [PMID: 30344143 PMCID: PMC6202981 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a middle-aged woman who initially presented with a painful solitary destructive lesion at fifth lumbar vertebra. The initial diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasm was made based on limited histological information obtained from fragmented tissue sample. Clinicopathological findings were consistent with a solitary plasmacytoma, and she was treated with definitive radiotherapy. A month after completing radiotherapy, she was found to have multiple liver lesions. Subsequent liver biopsy confirmed plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL). She was treated with multiple lines of chemo/immunotherapy regimens with limited or no response. She died of progression of liver lesions causing hepatic failure 16 months post diagnosis. Because of its rarity and heterogeneous presentations, PBL could easily be overlooked clinically and pathologically in immunocompetent patients. Diagnosis of PBL should be considered when there is coexpression of myeloma and lymphoma immune markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Diaz
- Radiation Oncology, Northern NSW Local Health District, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia.,Radiation Oncology, Northern NSW Cancer Institute, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julan Amalaseelan
- Radiation Oncology, Northern NSW Cancer Institute, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise Imlay-Gillespie
- Lismore Cancer Care and Haematology Unit, Northern NSW Local Health District, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
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110
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Lopez A, Abrisqueta P. Plasmablastic lymphoma: current perspectives. BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2018; 8:63-70. [PMID: 31360094 PMCID: PMC6467349 DOI: 10.2147/blctt.s142814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PbL) is a rare and aggressive B-cell malignancy with large neoplastic cells, most of them resembling plasmablasts that have a CD20-negative phenotype. Although initially described as being associated with HIV, over the years it has also been identified in patients with solid organ transplant and immunocompetent patients. Little is known about molecular basis that drives PbL, and still its diagnosis remains challenging given its rarity. However, proper recognition of its clinical characteristics, localization, and morphological features can establish a correct diagnosis of PbL within the spectrum of CD20-negative large B-cell lymphomas (LBCLs). PbL is characterized by CD20 and PAX5 negativity together with the expression of CD38, CD138, MUM1/IRF4, Blimp1, and XBP1 plasmacytic differentiation markers. It is usually associated with Epstein–Barr virus infections, and MYC gene rearrangements. PbL should be carefully differentiated from other CD20-negative B-cell neoplasms, ie, primary effusion lymphoma, anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK) large B-cell lymphoma, and LBCL in human herpesvirus 8-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Despite our improved understanding of this disease, its prognosis remains dismal with short overall survival. There is no standard of care for this entity. Several chemotherapy combinations have been used with hardly any differences on its outcome. Thus, new approaches with the addition of novel molecules are needed to overcome its poor prognosis. Our current understanding and knowledge of PbL relies primarily on case reports and small case series. In this review, we revise through an extensive literature search, the clinical and biological characteristics of this entity, and the potential therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Lopez
- Lymphoma Unit, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Pau Abrisqueta
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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111
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Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders: time for reappraisal? Blood 2018; 132:1871-1878. [PMID: 30082493 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-04-842559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (IA-LPDs) are pathologically and clinically heterogeneous. In many instances, similar features are shared by a spectrum of IA-LPDs in clinically diverse settings. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) classifies IA-LPDs by their immunodeficiency setting largely according to the paradigm of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders but with inconsistent terminology and disease definitions. The field currently lacks standardization and would greatly benefit from thinking across immunodeficiency categories by adopting a common working vocabulary to better understand these disorders and guide clinical management. We propose a 3-part unifying nomenclature that includes the name of the lesion, associated virus, and the specific immunodeficiency setting for all IA-LPDs. B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) are usually Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)+ and show a spectrum of lesions, including hyperplasias, polymorphic LPDs, aggressive lymphomas, and, rarely, indolent lymphomas. Human herpes virus 8-associated LPDs also include polyclonal and monoclonal proliferations. EBV- B-cell LPDs and T- and NK-cell LPDs are rare and less well characterized. Recognition of any immunodeficiency is important because it impacts the choice of treatment options. There is an urgent need for reappraisal of IA-LPDs because a common framework will facilitate meaningful biological insights and pave the way for future work in the field.
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112
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Gravelle P, Péricart S, Tosolini M, Fabiani B, Coppo P, Amara N, Traverse-Gléhen A, Van Acker N, Brousset P, Fournie JJ, Laurent C. EBV infection determines the immune hallmarks of plasmablastic lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1486950. [PMID: 30288350 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1486950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic progress, plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), a distinct entity of high grade B cell lymphoma, is still an aggressive lymphoma with adverse prognosis. PBL commonly occurs in patients with HIV infection and PBL cells frequently express Epstein Barr virus (EBV) genome with type I latency. Occasionally however, PBL may develop in patients with an immunodepressed status without EBV and HIV infection. The aim of this study was to determine which PBL patients may benefit from the emerging strategies of immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we produced and analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of such tumors to address this question. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of PBL samples revealed they segregate according to their tumor EBV-status. Moreover, EBV+ PBL displays abundant leucocyte infiltrates and T-cell activation signatures, together with high expression levels of mRNA and protein markers of immune escape. This suggests that EBV infection induce an anti-viral cytotoxic immunity which progressively exhausts T lymphocytes and promotes the tolerogenic microenvironment of PBL. Hence, most EBV+ PBL patients presenting an early stage of cancer immune-editing process appear as the most eligible patients for immune checkpoint blockade therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Gravelle
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France.,Institut Carnot CALYM, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Péricart
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tosolini
- INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France
| | - Bettina Fabiani
- Département de Pathologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Paul Coppo
- Service d'Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies thrombotiques, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris VI, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadia Amara
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Traverse-Gléhen
- Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Oulins, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Nathalie Van Acker
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Brousset
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournie
- INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France.,Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Laurent
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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113
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Rodrigues-Fernandes CI, de Souza LL, Santos-Costa SFD, Silva AMB, Pontes HAR, Lopes MA, de Almeida OP, Brennan PA, Fonseca FP. Clinicopathological analysis of oral plasmablastic lymphoma: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:915-922. [PMID: 29917262 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a high-grade lymphoma that often affects the oral cavity of HIV-positive patients; however, its prognostic determinants remain unknown. PURPOSE To integrate the available data on oral PBL to determine its clinicopathological features and to identify potential prognostic factors. METHODS An electronic systematic review was performed using multiple databases with a specific search strategy in February 2018. Inclusion criteria comprised cases diagnosed as PBL affecting the oral cavity and gnathic bones with sufficient data to confirm the diagnoses. RESULTS A total of 70 publications were included, representing 153 cases. Oral PBL predominantly affected HIV-positive males (76.4%). EBV was observed in 63.4% of the cases. The gingiva was the most involved site and the lesion usually presented as an asymptomatic swelling. Most cases were classified as stage I (21.6%), and chemotherapy alone was applied in 28.8% of the cases. There was a significant association between HIV and EBV infections, and cases affecting HIV-negative patients were more common in older individuals. Cumulative survival of the patients achieved 42.4% and 33.5% after 2 and 5 years, respectively. Although there were no statistically significant clinicopathological parameters in the univariate analysis, the multivariate Cox regression model demonstrated that EBV-positive status, presence of B-symptoms, and chemotherapy alone were independent prognostic determinants of a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Oral PBL is an aggressive neoplasm with low survival rates, which is influenced by the presence of EBV, presence of B-symptoms, and with the use of chemotherapy only.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Lacerda de Souza
- Service of Oral Pathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Sara Ferreira Dos Santos-Costa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - André Myller Barbosa Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hélder Antônio Rebelo Pontes
- Service of Oral Pathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Márcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Peter A Brennan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.,Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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114
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Zuze T, Painschab MS, Seguin R, Kudowa E, Kaimila B, Kasonkanji E, Tomoka T, Dhungel BM, Mulenga M, Chikasema M, Tewete B, Ntangwanika A, Chiyoyola S, Chimzimu F, Kampani C, Krysiak R, Montgomery ND, Fedoriw Y, Gopal S. Plasmablastic lymphoma in Malawi. Infect Agent Cancer 2018; 13:22. [PMID: 29988350 PMCID: PMC6022505 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-018-0195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) clinical descriptions are scarce from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where both HIV and EBV are highly endemic. We identified 12 patients with pathologically confirmed PBL from a prospective cohort in Lilongwe, Malawi. Median age was 46 (range 26-71), seven (58%) were male, and six (50%) were HIV-positive. Eight patients were treated with CHOP and four with a modified EPOCH regimen. One-year overall survival was 56% (95% CI 24-79%), without clear differences based on HIV status. PBL occurs in Malawi in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals and can be treated successfully with curative intent, even in a low-resource setting in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takondwa Zuze
- UNC Project-Malawi, Private Bag, A-104 Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Matthew S Painschab
- UNC Project-Malawi, Private Bag, A-104 Lilongwe, Malawi.,2University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Ryan Seguin
- UNC Project-Malawi, Private Bag, A-104 Lilongwe, Malawi.,2University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tamiwe Tomoka
- UNC Project-Malawi, Private Bag, A-104 Lilongwe, Malawi.,3University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Bal Mukunda Dhungel
- UNC Project-Malawi, Private Bag, A-104 Lilongwe, Malawi.,2University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fred Chimzimu
- UNC Project-Malawi, Private Bag, A-104 Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Robert Krysiak
- UNC Project-Malawi, Private Bag, A-104 Lilongwe, Malawi.,2University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | | | - Satish Gopal
- UNC Project-Malawi, Private Bag, A-104 Lilongwe, Malawi.,2University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.,3University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
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115
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Ando Y, Maeshima AM, Fukuhara S, Makita S, Munakata W, Suzuki T, Maruyama D, Taniguchi H, Izutsu K. CD3 + CD56 + EBER1 + atypical extraosseous plasmacytoma of the nasal cavity. Int J Hematol 2018; 108:344-347. [PMID: 29572766 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of atypical extraosseous plasmacytoma (EP) with a plasmablastic morphology and CD3+ CD56+ Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA-1 (EBER1)+ phenotypes of the nasal cavity. A 51-year-old male attended a local hospital with a tumor located in his left nasal cavity that was histologically diagnosed as extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type. We reviewed the specimens and re-biopsied the tumor, and confirmed that the tumor was positive for CD3, CD56, and EBER1; however, the tumor showed a plasmablastic morphology without necrosis and angiocentricity, and was positive for CD138, but negative for CD20 and PAX5. Given a plasmablastic morphology and EBER1 positivity, but a relatively low Ki67 index (30%), we diagnosed the case as atypical EP. The CHOP regimen was administered and complete remission achieved. This case indicated that EP should be considered as a differential diagnosis even when a tumor shows large cell morphology and is positive for CD3, CD56, and EBER1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Ando
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akiko Miyagi Maeshima
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Suguru Fukuhara
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shinichi Makita
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Wataru Munakata
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Dai Maruyama
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Koji Izutsu
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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116
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Milićević A, Nikolić J, Mihailović D, Janić J, Mihailović M. NASOPHARYNGEAL PLASMABLASTIC LYMPHOMA: A CASE REPORT. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2018. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2018.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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117
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Castillo JJ, Guerrero‐Garcia T, Baldini F, Tchernonog E, Cartron G, Ninkovic S, Cwynarski K, Dierickx D, Tousseyn T, Lansigan F, Linnik Y, Mogollon R, Navarro J, Olszewski AJ, Reagan JL, Fedele P, Gilbertson M, Grigoriadis G, Bibas M. Bortezomib plus
EPOCH
is effective as frontline treatment in patients with plasmablastic lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J. Castillo
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School BostonMAUSA
| | - Thomas Guerrero‐Garcia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center Brighton MA USA
| | - Francesco Baldini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani Rome Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Daan Dierickx
- Department of Haematology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Department of Haematology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Frederick Lansigan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical Center Dartmouth Medical School Lebanon NH USA
| | - Yevgeny Linnik
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical Center Dartmouth Medical School Lebanon NH USA
| | - Renzo Mogollon
- Department of Medicine Universidad San Martin de Porres Lima Peru
| | - Jose‐Tomás Navarro
- Catalan Institute of Oncology German Trias I Pujol Hospital Badalona Spain
| | - Adam J. Olszewski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Rhode Island Hospital The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA
| | - John L. Reagan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Rhode Island Hospital The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA
| | - Pasquale Fedele
- Monash Haematology, Monash Medical Centre Monash University Clayton Australia
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Monash Haematology, Monash Medical Centre Monash University Clayton Australia
| | - George Grigoriadis
- Monash Haematology, Monash Medical Centre Monash University Clayton Australia
| | - Michele Bibas
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani Rome Italy
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118
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Abstract
The contribution of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to the development of specific types of benign lymphoproliferations and malignant lymphomas has been extensively studied since the discovery of the virus over the last 50 years. The importance and better understanding of the EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) of B, T or natural killer (NK) cell type has resulted in the recognition of new entities like EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer or the addition of chronic active EBV (CAEBV) infection in the revised 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) lymphoma classification. In this article, we review the definitions, morphology, pathogenesis, and evolving concepts of the various EBV-associated disorders including EBV+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL, NOS), EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer, DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation, fibrin-associated DLBCL, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, the EBV+ T and NK-cell LPD of childhood, aggressive NK leukaemia, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, and the new provisional entity of primary EBV+ nodal T- or NK-cell lymphoma. The current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas that can be EBV-associated including Burkitt lymphoma, plasmablastic lymphoma and classic Hodgkin lymphoma will be also explored.
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119
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Chen BJ, Wang RC, Ho CH, Yuan CT, Huang WT, Yang SF, Hsieh PP, Yung YC, Lin SY, Hsu CF, Su YZ, Kuo CC, Chuang SS. Primary effusion lymphoma in Taiwan shows two distinctive clinicopathological subtypes with rare human immunodeficiency virus association. Histopathology 2018; 72:930-944. [PMID: 29206290 DOI: 10.1111/his.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the clinicopathological and molecular features of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) in Taiwan and the association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated retrospectively 26 cases with a median age of 76.5. Only one (4%) patient was infected with HIV. Cytologically, all lymphoma cells revealed typical immunoblastic to plasmablastic morphology. Immunohistochemically, HHV8 was positive in eight (32%) tumours and negative in 17 (68%) cases. All 23 tested cases examined were of the non-germinal-centre B cell phenotype. MYC proto-oncogene (MYC) and Epstein-Barr encoding mRNA (EBER) were positive in 43% (nine of 21) and 17% (four of 23) cases, respectively. Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH), B cell lymphoma (BCL)2, BCL6 and MYC were rearranged in 71%, 11%, 12% and 18% cases, respectively. By univariate analysis, the overall survival (OS) was associated statistically with MYC expression (P = 0.012) and BCL2 rearrangement (P = 0.035), but not with the others. By multivariate analysis, no factor was statistically significant. Compared to the HHV8-negative cases, the HHV8-positive cases were mainly of the plasmablastic immunophenotype expressing CD30 and CD138, and with a less frequent expression of pan-B cell markers. CONCLUSIONS Apart from the phenotypical difference, our HHV8-positive neoplasms were not distinct from the HHV8-negative group. Literature review of 256 cases, including our cases, revealed that HHV8-positive cases were associated more frequently with HIV and EBV infection, with rare MYC rearrangement, and a poorer prognosis than HHV8-negative cases. We propose to name the HHV8-positive cases as 'classical' or 'type I PEL' and the HHV8-negative cases as 'type II PEL', stressing the similarities and the distinctive features between these two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Jung Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ran-Ching Wang
- Department of Pathology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medicine Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Tsu Yuan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Fang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Pen Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chih Yung
- Department of Pathology, Sin-Lau Christian Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yao Lin
- Department of Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fang Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zhen Su
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sung Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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120
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Bloch E, Robinson F. Orbital plasmablastic lymphoma. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:222-223. [PMID: 29375870 PMCID: PMC5771934 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma is an unusual and aggressive form of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which arises more commonly within the oronasal mucosa. It should be considered as a differential diagnosis for rapidly growing periorbital lesions, particularly in the context of HIV positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Bloch
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London UK
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121
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Dittus C, Grover N, Ellsworth S, Tan X, Park SI. Bortezomib in combination with dose-adjusted EPOCH (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin) induces long-term survival in patients with plasmablastic lymphoma: a retrospective analysis. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2121-2127. [PMID: 29303024 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1416365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive form of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This subtype of lymphoma has a post-germinal center cell-of-origin called the plasmablast, and the immunophenotype is more consistent with that of a plasma cell than a lymphocyte. Because of these unique features, PBL is notoriously difficult to treat. Case reports and small reviews have evaluated the addition of agents directed against plasma cell disorders in combination with traditional lymphoma-directed regimens. We describe the largest case series to date, with the longest follow-up, evaluating bortezomib in combination with etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin (V-EPOCH) for the treatment of PBL. Our results show that this is a safe and effective regimen with an overall and complete response rate of 100% and 2-year overall survival of 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dittus
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Natalie Grover
- b Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Steven Ellsworth
- c Division of Pathology and Cytopathology , Louisiana State University , Shreveport , LA , USA
| | - Xianming Tan
- d Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Steven I Park
- e Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System , Charlotte , NC , USA
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122
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Ferry JA. There Are No Magic Bullets in Hematopathology: Even Immunostains for CD20 and CD3 Can Get You Into Trouble. Adv Anat Pathol 2018; 25:14-23. [PMID: 28914619 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry is a powerful tool for the diagnosis and subclassification of hematolymphoid neoplasms. However, the expression of certain markers is not always as expected, and unusual patterns of staining can lead to misdiagnosis. CD20 and CD3 are our most commonly used markers for identification of B cells and T cells, respectively, and they almost always yield reliable, specific staining. This discussion focuses on diagnostic pitfalls related to the use of immunohistochemistry for CD20 and CD3 in hematopathology, and specifically on diagnostic challenges that arise when (1) CD20 is not expressed in B-cell lymphomas, when (2) CD20 is expressed in plasma cell neoplasms and T-cell lymphomas, and when (3) CD3 is expressed in B-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin lymphoma.
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123
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Grandi V, Alberti Violetti S, La Selva R, Cicchelli S, Delfino C, Fava P, Fierro MT, Pileri A, Pimpinelli N, Quaglino P, Berti E. Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: narrative review of the literature. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2017; 154:466-479. [PMID: 29144099 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.17.05670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas comprehend a group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by being monoclonal proliferations of B-cell primarily involving the skin. Despite being recognized as autonomous and distinct clinico-pathologic entities since the late 80s, their classification is still an ongoing matter of debate. At the moment, WHO classification recognizes three disorders: primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma, primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma and primary cutaneous diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (leg type). Primary cutaneous diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (other) has been used to define rare cases which show histologically an infiltrate with diffuse pattern composed by large b-cell, but not fitting with criteria for follicle center lymphoma nor for primary cutaneous diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (leg type). Aim of this review was to briefly describe all recognized and provisional entities included in the primary cutaneous b-cell lymphomas and to discuss recent acquisitions that may influence their future classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vieri Grandi
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy -
| | | | - Roberta La Selva
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Cicchelli
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Delfino
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Fava
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria T Fierro
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pileri
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy.,Unit of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Pimpinelli
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Berti
- Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS Ca' Granda, Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
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124
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Beltran BE, Quiñones P, Sanchez G, Paredes A, Moises C, Cotrina E, Torres-Cabala CA, Miranda RN, Castillo JJ. Primary cutaneous plasmablastic lymphoma in an immunocompetent patient: is it associated with an indolent course? Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1753-1755. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1393666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brady E. Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
| | - Pilar Quiñones
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
| | - Gadwyn Sanchez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
| | - Antonio Paredes
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
| | - Celia Moises
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
| | - Esther Cotrina
- Department of Nursing, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos A. Torres-Cabala
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto N. Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge J. Castillo
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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125
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Guerrero-Garcia TA, Mogollon RJ, Castillo JJ. Bortezomib in plasmablastic lymphoma: A glimpse of hope for a hard-to-treat disease. Leuk Res 2017; 62:12-16. [PMID: 28963907 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and hard to treat disease. With current standard chemotherapeutic regimens, PBL is associated with a median overall survival of 12-15 months. We performed a systematic review of the literature through March 31, 2017 looking for patients with a diagnosis of PBL who were treated with bortezomib, alone or in combination. We identified 21 patients, of which 11 received bortezomib in the frontline setting and 10 received bortezomib in the relapsed setting. Eleven patients were HIV-positive and 10 were HIV-negative. The overall response rate to bortezomib-containing regimens was 100% in the frontline setting and 90% in the relapsed setting. Furthermore, the 2-year overall survival of patients treated upfront was 55%, and the median OS in relapsed patients was 14 months. Although the sample size is small, we believe our results are encouraging and should serve as rationale to investigate bortezomib-based regimens in patients with PBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Guerrero-Garcia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton, MA, USA
| | - Renzo J Mogollon
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge J Castillo
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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126
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Intraocular Plasmablastic Lymphoma in a HIV Patient. Case Rep Pathol 2017; 2017:7693149. [PMID: 28929004 PMCID: PMC5591893 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7693149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare B-cell lymphoma occurring mainly in HIV patients. The tumor frequently involves extranodal sites such as the oral cavity, nasal cavity, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and lungs. The neoplastic cells are characterized by a plasmablastic appearance and typical immunophenotype that indicates plasma cell differentiation. Herein, we report a case of intraocular involvement by plasmablastic lymphoma in a HIV patient with a long history of cytomegalovirus retinitis and loss of vision. After an evisceration performed to control the blind, painful eye a diagnosis of PBL was made by examining the eye contents. Two months later, a biopsy of cervical lymph node revealed nodal lymphoma of the same type. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of intraocular PBL reported in English literature.
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127
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Mine S, Hishima T, Suganuma A, Fukumoto H, Sato Y, Kataoka M, Sekizuka T, Kuroda M, Suzuki T, Hasegawa H, Fukayama M, Katano H. Interleukin-6-dependent growth in a newly established plasmablastic lymphoma cell line and its therapeutic targets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10188. [PMID: 28860565 PMCID: PMC5579229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare, highly aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with plasma-cell differentiation occurring typically in immune-suppressed patients such as those with AIDS. This study reports the establishment and characterization of a new cell line, PBL-1, derived from a patient with AIDS-associated PBL. Morphological assessment of PBL-1 indicated plasma-cell differentiation with a CD20(-) CD38(+) CD138(+) immunophenotype and IgH/c-myc translocation. The cell line harbours Epstein-Barr virus, but a 52.7-kbp length defect was identified in its genome, resulting in no expression of viral microRNAs encoded in the BamHI-A Rightward Transcript region. Importantly, supplementation of culture medium with >5 ng/mL of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was required for PBL-1 growth. Starvation of IL-6 or addition of tocilizumab, an inhibitory antibody for the IL-6 receptor, induced apoptosis of PBL-1. Transduction of IL-6 into PBL-1 by lentivirus vector induced autologous growth without IL-6 supplementation of culture medium. These data indicate the IL-6 dependency of PBL-1 for proliferation and survival. mTOR inhibitors induced cell death effectively, suggesting mTOR in the IL-6 signalling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for PBL. This established PBL cell line will be a useful tool to further understand the pathophysiology of PBL and aid the future development of PBL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohtaro Mine
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Hishima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Suganuma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fukumoto
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomic Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomic Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
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128
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Richter Syndrome With Plasmablastic Lymphoma at Primary Diagnosis: A Case Report With a Review of the Literature. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 25:e40-e45. [PMID: 27801729 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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129
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Generalized extensive cutaneous nodules as a first presentation of plasmablastic lymphoma in an immunocompetent patient: A case report and literature review. DERMATOL SIN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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130
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Tchernonog E, Faurie P, Coppo P, Monjanel H, Bonnet A, Algarte Génin M, Mercier M, Dupuis J, Bijou F, Herbaux C, Delmer A, Fabiani B, Besson C, Le Gouill S, Gyan E, Laurent C, Ghesquieres H, Cartron G. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of plasmablastic lymphoma patients: analysis of 135 patients from the LYSA group. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:843-848. [PMID: 28031174 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), initially described in 1997 in the oral cavity of HIV positive patients, is now recognized as a distinct aggressive and rare entity of diffuse large B-cells lymphoma by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Since the original description, others cases have been reported. However, these are largely derived from case reports or small series limiting any definitive conclusions on clinical characteristics and outcome. Patients and methods The clinical, biological, pathological features and outcome of a cohort including 135 patients with PBL, from LYSA centers in France and Belgium, were reported and analyzed. Results The median age was 58 years, with a male predominance. The cohort was divided into 56 HIV-positive patients, 17 post-transplant patients and 62 HIV-negative/non-transplanted patients. Within HIV-negative/non-transplanted, a relative immunosuppression was found in most cases (systemic inflammatory disease, history of cancer, increased age associated with weakened immune system). We have also described a new subtype, PBL arising in a chronic localized inflammatory site, without any sign of immunosuppression. At presentation, 19% of patients showed oral involvement. Immunophenotype showed CD138 positivity in 88% of cases and CD20 negativity in 90% of cases. Chemotherapy was administered to 80% of patients, with a complete response (CR) rate of 55%. The median overall survival (OS) was 32 months. In univariate analysis, HIV positive status showed better OS when compared with HIV negative status. In multivariate analysis, International Prognostic Index score, chemotherapy and CR were associated with survival benefit. Conclusion(s) This cohort, the largest reported to date, increases the spectrum of knowledge on PBL, rarely described. However, specific guidelines to clarify treatment are lacking, and may improve the poor prognosis of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tchernonog
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - P Faurie
- Department of Hematology, Léon Bérard Center, Lyon, France
| | - P Coppo
- Department of Hematology, Saint Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - H Monjanel
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - A Bonnet
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - M Algarte Génin
- Institute Pierre Louis of Epidemiology and Public Health, Paris, France
| | - M Mercier
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - J Dupuis
- Lymphoid Malignancies Unit University Hospital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - F Bijou
- Institute Bergonie, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Herbaux
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - A Delmer
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - B Fabiani
- Department of Biopathology, University Hospital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - C Besson
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - S Le Gouill
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - E Gyan
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - C Laurent
- Department of Biopathology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - H Ghesquieres
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Lyon Sud, Lyon, France, France
| | - G Cartron
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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131
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Linke-Serinsöz E, Fend F, Quintanilla-Martinez L. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) related lymphomas, pathology view point. Semin Diagn Pathol 2017; 34:352-363. [PMID: 28506687 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) to the development of specific types of malignant lymphomas occurring in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) setting has been extensively studied since the beginning of the HIV epidemic 35 years ago. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) in 1996 has changed dramatically the incidence of HIV-related malignancies. Nevertheless, malignant lymphomas continue to be the major group of malignances observed in HIV infected individuals, and the most common cause of cancer related-deaths. Common features of the predominant B-cell lymphomas in the HIV+ setting are the frequent plasmacytoid morphology of the neoplastic cells, advanced stage, aggressive disease and frequent extranodal involvement. In this article, we review the evolving concepts and definitions of the various EBV-associated lymphomas in HIV+ patients, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, plasmablastic lymphoma and primary effusion lymphoma. The current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of these malignancies, the interplay between HIV and EBV co-infection in the development of certain HIV related lymphomas, and the emerging paradigm that suggests that HIV may play a direct role in lymphomagenesis are explored as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Linke-Serinsöz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tübingen, Germany.
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132
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Yan J, Wang J, Zhang W, Chen M, Chen J, Liu W. Solitary plasmacytoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus: a clinicopathologic, cytogenetic study and literature review. Ann Diagn Pathol 2017; 27:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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133
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Chadburn A, Said J, Gratzinger D, Chan JKC, de Jong D, Jaffe ES, Natkunam Y, Goodlad JR. HHV8/KSHV-Positive Lymphoproliferative Disorders and the Spectrum of Plasmablastic and Plasma Cell Neoplasms: 2015 SH/EAHP Workshop Report-Part 3. Am J Clin Pathol 2017; 147:171-187. [PMID: 28395104 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqw218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 2015 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology aimed to review immunodeficiency-related lymphoproliferative disorders with plasmablastic and plasma cell differentiation. METHODS The workshop panel reviewed human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)/Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)-associated lesions and other lesions exhibiting plasma cell differentiation, including plasmablastic proliferations with features of myeloma/plasmacytoma, plasmablastic neoplasms presenting in extranodal sites and effusion-based lymphomas, and rendered a consensus diagnosis. RESULTS The spectrum of HHV8/KSHV-associated proliferations ranged from multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) to MCD with plasmablastic aggregates to HHV8+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and germinotrophic lymphoproliferative disorder. Comparisons across effusion-based lymphomas with and without HHV8/KSHV and plasmablastic lymphomas in immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients were discussed. CONCLUSIONS The presence or absence of HHV8/KSHV is a defining feature in disorders associated with Castleman disease, although their differential diagnosis and recognition of progression may be challenging. Plasmablastic proliferations overlap with myeloma/plasmacytoma as well as extranodal and effusion-based lymphomas. The involvement of Epstein-Barr virus is typically variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chadburn
- From the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Said
- University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Daphne de Jong
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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134
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Schmit JM, DeLaune J, Norkin M, Grosbach A. A Case of Plasmablastic Lymphoma Achieving Complete Response and Durable Remission after Lenalidomide-Based Therapy. Oncol Res Treat 2017; 40:46-48. [PMID: 28095384 DOI: 10.1159/000455146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an uncommon variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that is characterized by its plasmacytoid features, aggressive tendencies, and frequent association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or other immunocompromised states. Multi-agent, intensive chemotherapy regimens are recommended as first-line treatment by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. However, the toxicity of these regimens is high and prognosis remains poor. CASE REPORT We report a patient with HIV-negative PBL who achieved complete response and durable remission using a lenalidomide-based chemotherapy regimen as first-line therapy. CONCLUSION Cyclophosphamide, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (CRD) may provide an alternative initial therapeutic option for patients with PBL who cannot tolerate the intensive chemotherapy regimens currently recommended.
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135
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Montes-Moreno S, Martinez-Magunacelaya N, Zecchini-Barrese T, Villambrosía SGD, Linares E, Ranchal T, Rodriguez-Pinilla M, Batlle A, Cereceda-Company L, Revert-Arce JB, Almaraz C, Piris MA. Plasmablastic lymphoma phenotype is determined by genetic alterations in MYC and PRDM1. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:85-94. [PMID: 27687004 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma is an uncommon aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma type defined as a high-grade large B-cell neoplasm with plasma cell phenotype. Genetic alterations in MYC have been found in a proportion (~60%) of plasmablastic lymphoma cases and lead to MYC-protein overexpression. Here, we performed a genetic and expression profile of 36 plasmablastic lymphoma cases and demonstrate that MYC overexpression is not restricted to MYC-translocated (46%) or MYC-amplified cases (11%). Furthermore, we demonstrate that recurrent somatic mutations in PRDM1 are found in 50% of plasmablastic lymphoma cases (8 of 16 cases evaluated). These mutations target critical functional domains (PR motif, proline rich domain, acidic region, and DNA-binding Zn-finger domain) involved in the regulation of different targets such as MYC. Furthermore, these mutations are found frequently in association with MYC translocations (5 out of 9, 56% of cases with MYC translocations were PRDM1-mutated), but not restricted to those cases, and lead to expression of an impaired PRDM1/Blimp1α protein. Our data suggest that PRDM1 mutations in plasmablastic lymphoma do not impair terminal B-cell differentiation, but contribute to the oncogenicity of MYC, usually disregulated by MYC translocation or MYC amplification. In conclusion, aberrant coexpression of MYC and PRDM1/Blimp1α owing to genetic changes is responsible for the phenotype of plasmablastic lymphoma cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Montes-Moreno
- Pathology Department, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla/IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Tomás Zecchini-Barrese
- Pathology Department, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla/IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Emma Linares
- Pathology Department, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla/IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Tamara Ranchal
- Pathology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Batlle
- Hematology Department, Cytogenetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla/IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Almaraz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel A Piris
- Pathology Department, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla/IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
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136
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Selva RL, Violetti SA, Delfino C, Grandi V, Cicchelli S, Tomasini C, Fierro MT, Berti E, Pimpinelli N, Quaglino P. A Literature Revision in Primary Cutaneous B-cell Lymphoma. Indian J Dermatol 2017; 62:146-157. [PMID: 28400634 PMCID: PMC5363138 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_74_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma” (PCBCL) comprehends a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by a clonal proliferation of B-cells primarily involving the skin. The absence of evident extra-cutaneous disease must be confirmed after six-month follow-up in order to exclude a nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with secondary cutaneous involvement, which may have a completely different clinical behavior and prognosis. In this article, we have summarized the clinico-pathological features of main types of PCBCL and we outline the guidelines for management based on a review of the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R La Selva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Alberti Violetti
- UOC Dermatologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - C Delfino
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy
| | - V Grandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy
| | - S Cicchelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - C Tomasini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M T Fierro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E Berti
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - N Pimpinelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy
| | - P Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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137
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Low LK, Song JY. B-cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders Associated with Primary and Acquired Immunodeficiency. Surg Pathol Clin 2016; 9:55-77. [PMID: 26940268 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders associated with immunodeficiency can be challenging because many of these conditions have overlapping clinical and pathologic features and share similarities with their counterparts in the immunocompetent setting. There are subtle but important differences between these conditions that are important to recognize for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. This article provides a clinicopathologic update on how understanding of these B-cell lymphoproliferations in immunodeficiency has evolved over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence K Low
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joo Y Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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138
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Abstract
B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation are a diverse group of entities with extremely variable morphologic features. Diagnostic challenges can arise in differentiating lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma from marginal zone lymphoma and other low-grade B-cell lymphomas. In addition, plasmablastic lymphomas can be difficult to distinguish from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or other high-grade lymphomas. Judicious use of immunohistochemical studies and molecular testing can assist in appropriate classification.
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MESH Headings
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Plasmacytoma/diagnosis
- Plasmacytoma/immunology
- Plasmacytoma/pathology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Prognosis
- Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/diagnosis
- Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/immunology
- Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Harmon
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Systems, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lauren B Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Systems, 5320 Medical Science I, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5602, USA.
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139
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Abstract
This article will focus on the cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders associated with EBV, with an emphasis on the upcoming changes in the revised 4th Edition of the WHO classification of tumors of the hematopoietic system, many of which deal with cutaneous disorders derived from NK-cells or T-cells. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma usually presents in the upper aerodigestive tract, but can involve the skin secondarily. EBV-associated T- and NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) in the pediatric age group include the systemic diseases, chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) and systemic EBV+ T-cell lymphoma of childhood. Hydroa vacciniforme (HV)-like LPD is a primarily cutaneous form of CAEBV and encompasses the lesions previously referred to as HV and HV-like lymphoma (HVLL). All the T/NK-cell-EBV-associated diseases occur with higher frequency in Asians, and indigenous populations from Central and South America and Mexico. Among the B-cell EBV-associated LPD two major changes have been introduced in the WHO. The previously designated EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (EBV-DLBCL) of the elderly, has been changed to EBV-DLBCL with 'not otherwise specified' as a modifier (NOS). A new addition to the WHO system is the more recently identified EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer, which involves skin and mucosal-associated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Gru
- Pathology & Dermatology, Hematopathology and Dermatopathology Sections, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Elaine S Jaffe
- Hematopathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
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140
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Olofson AM, Loo EY, Hill PA, Liu X. Plasmablastic lymphoma mimicking carcinomatosis: A case report and review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 45:243-246. [PMID: 27900846 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
First identified as a distinct disease entity in HIV-positive patients, plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare aggressive disease which arises predominantly in men and is associated with immunodeficiency of all causes. Although its exact etiology is poorly understood, Epstein-Barr virus infection and MYC gene aberrations have been implicated in its development in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. The disease typically involves extranodal sites with a predilection for the oral cavity but may occur in other locations. Here we present a case of plasmablastic lymphoma diffusely involving the omentum and peritoneal cavity of an immunocompetent woman, clinically mimicking an ovarian carcinomatosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in which plasmablastic lymphoma has presented as peritoneal lymphomatosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:243-246. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Olofson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03766
| | - Eric Y Loo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03766
| | - Paul A Hill
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03766
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03766
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141
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Chen BJ, Chen DYT, Kuo CC, Chuang SS. EBV-associated but HHV8-unrelated double-hit effusion-based lymphoma. Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 45:257-261. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Jung Chen
- Department of Pathology; Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - David Yen-Ting Chen
- Department of Radiology; Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Pathology; Chi-Mei Medical Center; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sung Chuang
- Department of Pathology; Chi-Mei Medical Center; Tainan Taiwan
- Department of Pathology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pathology; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
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142
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Alandete S, Monedero MD, Meseguer MA, Delgado F. What is that? HIV-negative plasmablastic lymphoma with intramuscular masses. BJR Case Rep 2016; 2:20150211. [PMID: 30460010 PMCID: PMC6243308 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20150211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma is a relatively new clinical entity described as a distinct subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, although in the last decade several case reports and series have been published. This case is presented because of its rarity, as this pathology is rare in immunocompetent patients and intramuscular masses are present. We report the case of a 63-year-old male with no significant clinical background. He was referred to the emergency department of our hospital with a 10-day history of pain on the left side of the chest that was described as burning and spreading to the right side. On physical examination, he had no fever or recent weight loss. The abdomen was soft and non-distended, and no peritoneal signs were present but he had three palpable masses located in the soft tissues of the breast, right gluteal region and left leg. Histological examination of the biopsy specimens disclosed the diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma. To our knowledge, this will be the second case report referring to intramuscular masses in the English language literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Alandete
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - M Angeles Meseguer
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fructuoso Delgado
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
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143
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Ma H, Wei MH, Qin HM, Wang GY, Hu ZC. Long-Term Survival of Primary Intracranial Plasmablastic Lymphoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2016; 97:750.e5-750.e10. [PMID: 27794513 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary intracranial plasmablastic lymphoma (PIPBL) is a rare malignant tumor. CASE DESCRIPTION We present a case of PIPBL in a 32-year-old man who complained of a progressive growing, painful mass on the right parieto-occipital part of head. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a homogeneously enhanced mass with partial bone destruction. The patient underwent total resection and cranioplasty in one stage. Histopathologic examination showed large tumor cells with immunoblast-like nuclei. Immunohistochemical staining displayed CD38(+), CD138(+), Mum-1(+), CD20(-), and PAX-5(-). The patient received chemotherapy. The patient has survived more than 3.5 years after operation, with follow-up. We also review the clinical data, molecular pathologic traits, treatment, and prognosis of additional 6 cases with PIPBL in the literature. CONCLUSIONS This study provides important clinical information for the diagnosis and treatment of PIPBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ming-Hai Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hua-Min Qin
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Guan-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zeng-Chun Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
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144
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Harmon CM, Smith LB. Plasmablastic Lymphoma: A Review of Clinicopathologic Features and Differential Diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 140:1074-8. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0232-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a challenging diagnosis given its rarity and lack of expression of markers that are usually used by pathologists in establishing hematopoietic lineage. However, knowledge of the characteristic clinical setting, sites of involvement, and morphologic features of plasmablastic lymphoma can aid in the correct diagnosis of a suspected large cell lymphoma that is negative for B-cell– and T-cell–specific antigens. Herein, we review the clinical and pathologic features of plasmablastic lymphoma with an emphasis on the differential diagnosis of hematolymphoid neoplasms with immunoblastic morphology and/or evidence of plasmacytic differentiation by immunophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M. Harmon
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Systems, Ann Arbor
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145
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Morscio J, Tousseyn T. Recent insights in the pathogenesis of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. World J Transplant 2016; 6:505-516. [PMID: 27683629 PMCID: PMC5036120 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i3.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is an aggressive complication of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that arises in up to 20% of transplant recipients. Infection or reactivation of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous human herpesvirus, in combination with chronic immunosuppression are considered as the main predisposing factors, however insight in PTLD biology is fragmentary. The study of PTLD is complicated by its morphological heterogeneity and the lack of prospective trials, which also impede treatment optimization. Furthermore, the broad spectrum of underlying disorders and the graft type represent important confounding factors. PTLD encompasses different malignant subtypes that resemble histologically similar lymphomas in the general population. Post-transplant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PT-DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (PT-BL) and plasmablastic lymphoma (PT-PBL) occur most frequently. However, in many studies various EBV+ and EBV- PTLD subtypes are pooled, complicating the interpretation of the results. In this review, studies of the gene expression pattern, the microenvironment and the genetic profile of PT-DLBCL, PT-BL and PT-PBL are summarized to better understand the mechanisms underlying post-transplantation lymphomagenesis. Based on the available findings we propose stratification of PTLD according to the histological subtype and the EBV status to facilitate the interpretation of future studies and the establishment of clinical trials.
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146
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Gui L, He XH, Liu P, Yang JL, Qin Y, Zhou SY, Yang S, Zhang CG, Shi YK. [Clinical features and outcomes: analysis of 9 cases of HIV-negtive plasmablastic lymphoma]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2016; 37:762-767. [PMID: 27719718 PMCID: PMC7342121 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of HIV-negtive plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL). Methods: Nine patients with HIV-negtive PBL were diagnosed and treated between January 2006 and January 2016. The clinical and follow-up data were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The median age was 56 years (range 30-77 years) with a male-to-female ratio of 2∶1. Nobody had underlying diseases associated with immunosuppression. Primary extra nodal diseases were observed in 7 cases and only 1 patient had oral involvement. Two patients were in earlystage and 7 in advanced stage by the Ann Arbor stage system. Ki-67 index was 60%-90% in the 9 cases, and 80% or higher in 7 cases. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA expression (EBER) was detected in 4 cases, and 2 of them were positive. Chemotherapy was documented in 9 patients, from which 8 received the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP)-like regimens as the first-line chemotherapy and responses were observed in 5 (1 complete, 4 partial responses). Three elderly patients were treated with CHOP combined with thalidomide, and 2 of them achieved partial responses. One patient, failed three chemotherapy regimens, accepted thalidomide combined with etopside and achieved stable disease for 10 months. One patient with early stage had disease-free survival of 61.9 months after treatment. The other eight patients experienced recurrence or progression after the first-line chemotherapy, and 6 of them died of disease progression within 2 years after the diagnosis. Conclusion: The HIV-negative PBL patients in this study did not have an apparent association with immunosuppression. Primary extra nodal diseases were common, but only 1 patient had oral involvement. Most patients had advanced stage and poor prognosis. Effectiveness of thalidomide in the treatment of PBL deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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147
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Fernández-Álvarez R, Sancho JM, Ribera JM. [Plasmablastic lymphoma]. Med Clin (Barc) 2016; 147:399-404. [PMID: 27576534 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that commonly occurs in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals, and affects oral sites. Occasionally, it has been described in HIV-negative patients and involving non-oral sites. Pathologically, PBL is a high-grade B-cell lymphoma that displays the immunophenotype of a terminally differentiated B-lymphocyte with loss of B-cell markers (CD20) and expression of plasma-cell antigens. Epstein-Barr virus infection and MYC rearrangements are frequently observed. Treatment of PBL is challenging because of the lack of established treatment and poor outcomes, with median survival times shorter than one year. In this review, we discuss the clinical and epidemiologic spectrum of PBL as well as its distinct pathological features. Finally, we summarize the currently available approaches for the treatment of patients with PBL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan-Manuel Sancho
- Servicio de Hematología Clínica, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | - Josep-María Ribera
- Servicio de Hematología Clínica, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España
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148
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Laurent C, Fabiani B, Do C, Tchernonog E, Cartron G, Gravelle P, Amara N, Malot S, Palisoc MM, Copie-Bergman C, Glehen AT, Copin MC, Brousset P, Pittaluga S, Jaffe ES, Coppo P. Immune-checkpoint expression in Epstein-Barr virus positive and negative plasmablastic lymphoma: a clinical and pathological study in 82 patients. Haematologica 2016; 101:976-84. [PMID: 27175027 PMCID: PMC4967577 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.141978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare and aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus co-infection that most often occurs in the context of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Therefore, its immune escape strategy may involve the upregulation of immune-checkpoint proteins allowing the tumor immune evasion. However, the expression of these molecules was poorly studied in this lymphoma. We have investigated 82 plasmablastic lymphoma cases of whom half were Epstein-Barr virus positive. Although they harbored similar pathological features, Epstein-Barr virus positive plasmablastic lymphomas showed a significant increase in MYC gene rearrangement and had a better 2-year event-free survival than Epstein-Barr virus negative cases (P=0.049). Immunostains for programmed cell death-1, programmed cell death-ligand 1, indole 2,3-dioxygenase and dendritic cell specific C-type lectin showed a high or moderate expression by the microenvironment cells in 60%-72% of cases, whereas CD163 was expressed in almost all cases. Tumor cells also expressed programmed cell death-1 and its ligand in 22.5% and 5% of cases, respectively. Both Epstein-Barr virus positive and negative plasmablastic lymphomas exhibited a high immune-checkpoint score showing that it involves several pathways of immune escape. However, Epstein-Barr virus positive lymphomas exhibited a higher expression of programmed cell death-1 and its ligand in both malignant cells and microenvironment as compared to Epstein-Barr virus negative cases. In conclusion, plasmablastic lymphoma expresses immune-checkpoint proteins through both malignant cells and the tumor microenvironment. The expression of programmed cell death-1 and its ligand constitutes a strong rationale for testing monoclonal antibodies in this often chemoresistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Laurent
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, Toulouse, France INSERM, U.1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Bettina Fabiani
- Département de Pathologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Do
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Guillaume Cartron
- Service d'Hematologie, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac-Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Gravelle
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, Toulouse, France INSERM, U.1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Nadia Amara
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Malot
- Service d'Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies Thrombotiques, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Christiane Copie-Bergman
- Département de Pathologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor - Albert henevier, Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Brousset
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, Toulouse, France INSERM, U.1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elaine S Jaffe
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Coppo
- Service d'Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies Thrombotiques, AP-HP, Paris, France UPMC, Université Paris VI, France Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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149
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Wang D, Zheng Y, Zeng D, Yang Y, Zhang X, Feng Y, Lu H. Clinicopathologic characteristics of HIV/AIDS-related plasmablastic lymphoma. Int J STD AIDS 2016; 28:380-388. [PMID: 27164966 DOI: 10.1177/0956462416650124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare and aggressive B cell lymphoma that is considered to be strongly associated with HIV infection. This article explores the histological morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics of HIV/AIDS-related plasmablastic lymphoma with the goal of improving the diagnosis and treatment of this rare tumor. According to criteria of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (2008), six plasmablastic lymphoma cases admitted to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center were comprehensively analyzed with conventional hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization. The morphological features of six tumors were consistent with PBL. Immunohistochemical staining showed that all six cases were negative for CD19, CD20, and CD79a, and positive for OCT-2, BOB-1, VS38c, and melanoma ubiquitous mutated 1. The Ki67 proliferation index was higher than 90% in all six cases. In situ hybridization indicated that four cases were EBER-positive. In addition, three cases had C-MYC translocation rearrangement. Our results showed that the immunophenotypes of PBL vary, which makes PBL diagnosis difficult. Therefore, morphological characteristics, immunophenotypic markers, and clinical data should be used in combination to enable an accurate diagnosis, especially in the presence of immunophenotypic variation, as this approach will facilitate timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- 1 Department of Pathology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, China
| | - Ye Zheng
- 1 Department of Pathology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- 1 Department of Pathology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, China
| | - Yuexiang Yang
- 1 Department of Pathology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- 2 Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- 1 Department of Pathology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- 3 Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, China
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Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive disease with considerable heterogeneity reflected in the 2008 World Health Organization classification. In recent years, genome-wide assessment of genetic and epigenetic alterations has shed light upon distinct molecular subsets linked to dysregulation of specific genes or pathways. Besides fostering our knowledge regarding the molecular complexity of DLBCL types, these studies have unraveled previously unappreciated genetic lesions, which may be exploited for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Following the last World Health Organization classification, we have witnessed the emergence of new variants of specific DLBCL entities, such as CD30 DLBCL, human immunodeficiency virus-related and age-related variants of plasmablastic lymphoma, and EBV DLBCL arising in young patients. In this review, we will present an update on the clinical, pathologic, and molecular features of DLBCL incorporating recently gained information with respect to their pathobiology and prognosis. We will emphasize the distinctive features of newly described or emerging variants and highlight advances in our understanding of entities presenting a diagnostic challenge, such as T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lmphoma and unclassifiable large B-cell lymphomas. Furthermore, we will discuss recent advances in the genomic characterization of DLBCL, as they may relate to prognostication and tailored therapeutic intervention. The information presented in this review derives from English language publications appearing in PubMed throughout December 2015. For a complete outline of this paper, please visit: http://links.lww.com/PAP/A12.
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