101
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Cellular splicing factor UAP56 stimulates trimeric NP formation for assembly of functional influenza viral ribonucleoprotein complexes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14053. [PMID: 29070793 PMCID: PMC5656576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus RNA genome exists as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex by interacting with NP, one of virus-encoded RNA binding proteins. It is proposed that trimeric NP is a functional form, but it is not clear how trimeric NP is formed and transferred to RNA. UAP56, a cellular splicing factor, functions as a molecular chaperone for NP and is required for the replication-coupled RNP formation of newly synthesized viral genome, but the details of NP transfer to viral RNA by UAP56 is unclear. Here we found that UAP56 is complexed with trimeric NP, but not monomeric NP. Gel filtration analysis and atomic force microscopy analysis indicated that the complex consists of two trimeric NP connected by UAP56. We also found that UAP56 stimulates trimeric NP formation from monomeric NP even at physiological salt concentrations. Thus, UAP56 facilitates the transfer of NP to viral RNA since trimeric NP has higher RNA binding activity than monomeric NP. Further, UAP56 represses the binding of excess amount of NP to RNA possibly by transferring trimeric NP. Collectively, we propose that UAP56 stimulates viral RNP formation through promotion of the assembly of trimeric NP and is important for the structural integrity of NP-RNA complex.
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102
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Vemula SV, Sayedahmed EE, Sambhara S, Mittal SK. Vaccine approaches conferring cross-protection against influenza viruses. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:1141-1154. [PMID: 28925296 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1379396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Annual vaccination is one of the most efficient and cost-effective strategies to prevent and control influenza epidemics. Most of the currently available influenza vaccines are strong inducers of antibody responses against viral surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), but are poor inducers of cell-mediated immune responses against conserved internal proteins. Moreover, due to the high variability of viral surface proteins because of antigenic drift or antigenic shift, many of the currently licensed vaccines confer little or no protection against drift or shift variants. Areas covered: Next generation influenza vaccines that can induce humoral immune responses to receptor-binding epitopes as well as broadly neutralizing conserved epitopes, and cell-mediated immune responses against highly conserved internal proteins would be effective against variant viruses as well as a novel pandemic influenza until circulating strain-specific vaccines become available. Here we discuss vaccine approaches that have the potential to provide broad spectrum protection against influenza viruses. Expert commentary: Based on current progress in defining cross-protective influenza immunity, it seems that the development of a universal influenza vaccine is feasible. It would revolutionize the strategy for influenza pandemic preparedness, and significantly impact the shelf-life and protection efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai V Vemula
- a Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Immunology , Inflammation and Infectious Disease, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Ekramy E Sayedahmed
- a Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Immunology , Inflammation and Infectious Disease, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- b Influenza Division , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Suresh K Mittal
- a Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Immunology , Inflammation and Infectious Disease, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
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103
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Wu W, Sankhala RS, Florio TJ, Zhou L, Nguyen NLT, Lokareddy RK, Cingolani G, Panté N. Synergy of two low-affinity NLSs determines the high avidity of influenza A virus nucleoprotein NP for human importin α isoforms. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11381. [PMID: 28900157 PMCID: PMC5595889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) is an essential multifunctional protein that encapsidates the viral genome and functions as an adapter between the virus and the host cell machinery. NPs from all strains of influenza A viruses contain two nuclear localization signals (NLSs): a well-studied monopartite NLS1 and a less-characterized NLS2, thought to be bipartite. Through site-directed mutagenesis and functional analysis, we found that NLS2 is also monopartite and is indispensable for viral infection. Atomic structures of importin α bound to two variants of NLS2 revealed NLS2 primarily binds the major-NLS binding site of importin α, unlike NLS1 that associates with the minor NLS-pocket. Though peptides corresponding to NLS1 and NLS2 bind weakly to importin α, the two NLSs synergize in the context of the full length NP to confer high avidity for importin α7, explaining why the virus efficiently replicates in the respiratory tract that exhibits high levels of this isoform. This study, the first to functionally characterize NLS2, demonstrates NLS2 plays an important and unexpected role in influenza A virus infection. We propose NLS1 and NLS2 form a bipartite NLS in trans, which ensures high avidity for importin α7 while preventing non-specific binding to viral RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Rajeshwer S Sankhala
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Tyler J Florio
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Lixin Zhou
- University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Nhan L T Nguyen
- University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Ravi K Lokareddy
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Gino Cingolani
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA. .,Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Nelly Panté
- University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada.
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104
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Chen W, Xu Q, Zhong Y, Yu H, Shu J, Ma T, Li Z. Genetic variation and co-evolutionary relationship of RNA polymerase complex segments in influenza A viruses. Virology 2017; 511:193-206. [PMID: 28866238 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The RNA polymerase complex (RNApc) in influenza A viruses (IVs) is composed of the PB2, PB1 and PA subunits, which are encoded by the three longest genome segments (Seg1-3) and are responsible for the replication of vRNAs and transcription of viral mRNAs. However, the co-evolutionary relationships of the three segments from the known 126 subtypes IVs are unclear. In this study, we performed a detailed analysis based on a total number of 121,191 nucleotide sequences. Three segment sequences were aligned before the repeated, incomplete and mixed sequences were removed for homologous and phylogenetic analyses. Subsequently, the estimated substitution rates and TMRCAs (Times for Most Recent Common Ancestor) were calculated by 175 representative IVs. Tracing the cladistic distribution of three segments from these IVs, co-evolutionary patterns and trajectories could be inferred. The further correlation analysis of six internal protein coding segments reflect the RNApc segments have the closer correlation than others during continuous reassortments. This global approach facilitates the establishment of a fast antiviral strategy and monitoring of viral variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Qi Xu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Yaogang Zhong
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Hanjie Yu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Jian Shu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Tianran Ma
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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105
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Levina AS, Repkova MN, Chelobanov BP, Bessudnova EV, Mazurkova NA, Stetsenko DA, Zarytova VF. Impact of delivery method on antiviral activity of phosphodiester, phosphorothioate, and phosphoryl guanidine oligonucleotides in MDCK cells infected with H5N1 bird flu virus. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317040136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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106
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Hu Y, Sneyd H, Dekant R, Wang J. Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein: A Highly Conserved Multi-Functional Viral Protein as a Hot Antiviral Drug Target. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 17:2271-2285. [PMID: 28240183 DOI: 10.2174/1568026617666170224122508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and treatment of influenza virus infection is an ongoing unmet medical need. Each year, thousands of deaths and millions of hospitalizations are attributed to influenza virus infection, which poses a tremendous health and economic burden to the society. Aside from the annual influenza season, influenza viruses also lead to occasional influenza pandemics as a result of emerging or re-emerging influenza strains. Influenza viruses are RNA viruses that exist in quasispecies, meaning that they have a very diverse genetic background. Such a feature creates a grand challenge in devising therapeutic intervention strategies to inhibit influenza virus replication, as a single agent might not be able to inhibit all influenza virus strains. Both classes of currently approved anti-influenza drugs have limitations: the M2 channel blockers amantadine and rimantadine are no longer recommended for use in the U.S. due to predominant drug resistance, and resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir is continuously on the rise. In pursuing the next generation of antiviral drugs with broad-spectrum activity and higher genetic barrier of drug resistance, the influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) stands out as a high-profile drug target. This review summarizes recent developments in designing inhibitors targeting influenza NP and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hannah Sneyd
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Raphael Dekant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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107
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Shelley MY, Selvan ME, Zhao J, Babin V, Liao C, Li J, Shelley JC. A New Mixed All-Atom/Coarse-Grained Model: Application to Melittin Aggregation in Aqueous Solution. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:3881-3897. [PMID: 28636825 PMCID: PMC5551643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a new mixed resolution, all-atom/coarse-grained approach (AACG), for modeling peptides in aqueous solution and apply it to characterizing the aggregation of melittin. All of the atoms in peptidic components are represented, while a single site is used for each water molecule. With the full flexibility of the peptide retained, our AACG method achieves speedups by a factor of 3-4 for CPU time reduction and another factor of roughly 7 for diffusion. An Ewald treatment permits the inclusion of long-range electrostatic interactions. These characteristics fit well with the requirements for studying peptide association and aggregation, where the system sizes and time scales require considerable computational resources with all-atom models. In particular, AACG is well suited for biologics since changes in peptide shape and long-range electrostatics may play an important role. The application of AACG to melittin, a 26-residue peptide with a well-known propensity to aggregate in solution, serves as an initial demonstration of this technology for studying peptide aggregation. We observed the formation of melittin aggregates during our simulations and characterized the time-evolution of aggregate size distribution, buried surface areas, and residue contacts. Key interactions including π-cation and π-stacking involving TRP19 were also examined. Our AACG simulations demonstrated a clear salt effect and a moderate temperature effect on aggregation and support the molten globule model of melittin aggregates. As a showcase, this work illustrates the useful role for AACG in investigations of peptide aggregation and its potential to guide formulation and design of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Y. Shelley
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 101 SW Main Street,
Suite 1300, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
| | - Myvizhi Esai Selvan
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 120 W. 45th Street,
17th Floor, New York, New
York 10036, United
States
| | - Jun Zhao
- Cancer
and Inflammation Program, National Cancer
Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United
States
| | - Volodymyr Babin
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 101 SW Main Street,
Suite 1300, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
| | - Chenyi Liao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Jianing Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - John C. Shelley
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 101 SW Main Street,
Suite 1300, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
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108
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Chen L, Wang C, Luo J, Li M, Liu H, Zhao N, Huang J, Zhu X, Ma G, Yuan G, He H. Amino Acid Substitution K470R in the Nucleoprotein Increases the Virulence of H5N1 Influenza A Virus in Mammals. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1308. [PMID: 28744280 PMCID: PMC5504190 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
H5N1 is a highly pathogenic influenza A virus (IAV) and poses a major threat to the public health. The nucleoprotein (NP) has a multiple functions during the viral life cycle, however, the precise role of NP mutants in viral replication and pathogenicity is not completely understood. Here, we attempted to identify five residues in NP that may contribute to viral replication or pathogenicity. Of these, K227R, K229R, and K470R viruses were successfully rescued by reverse genetic, but the K91R and K198R viruses were not viable. A mini-genome assay demonstrated that the NP mutations K91R and K198R significantly decreased the polymerase activity. Moreover, these two mutations resulted in disrupted cellular localization in mammalian cells. Importantly, mutation at position 470 of NP significantly increased its virulence in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrated that the NP protein plays a major role in influenza virulence and pathogenicity, which adds to the knowledge of IAV virulence determinants and may benefit IAV surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chengmin Wang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing, China
| | - Guoyao Ma
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Guohui Yuan
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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109
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Zhang Y, Han H, Qiu H, Lin H, Yu L, Zhu W, Qi J, Yang R, Pang Y, Wang X, Lu G, Yang Y. Antiviral activity of a synthesized shikonin ester against influenza A (H1N1) virus and insights into its mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:636-645. [PMID: 28688289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the antiviral effects of shikonin ester ((R)-1-(5, 8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl3-(1H- indol-3-yl) propanoate (PMM-034) against influenza A (H1N1) virus. We investigated PMM-034 anti-H1N1 activity and its effect on caspase 3 gene expression during cellular apoptosis after influenza virus infection in vitro. Neuraminidase (NA) inhibition was assessed in comparison with oseltamivir in the influenza virus standard strains A/PR/8/34 to understand the viral mechanism. MDCK and A549 cells were used to investigate influenza viral infection and the structure-activity relationship between PMM-034 and NA was evaluated by pharmacophore-based docking modeling. The production of viral protein was tested by western blot. A/PR/8/34 induced cell inhibition but this was reduced by PMM-034 to 16μg/mL and this showed a selective index of 10mM. PMM-034 inhibited NA in a dose dependent manner, similar to oseltamivir inhibition. A sharp decrease in viral nucleocapsid protein mRNA was observed in infected cells after treatment with PMM-034. Apoptosis of infected A459 cells was inhibited by PMM-034 with decreased caspase 3 levels. ARG 118, ARG 152, ARG 371 and GLU 227 in the binding pocket of NA bound to PMM-034 in the docking model. Taken together, these results suggest PMM-034 shikonin ester blocked H1N1 infection and might be a potential anti-H1N1 drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hanyue Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lugang Yu
- Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Wanzhan Zhu
- Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jinliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Rongwu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanjun Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Guihua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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110
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Chutiwitoonchai N, Mano T, Kakisaka M, Sato H, Kondoh Y, Osada H, Kotani O, Yokoyama M, Sato H, Aida Y. Inhibition of CRM1-mediated nuclear export of influenza A nucleoprotein and nuclear export protein as a novel target for antiviral drug development. Virology 2017; 507:32-39. [PMID: 28399435 PMCID: PMC7111614 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An anti-influenza compound, DP2392-E10 based on inhibition of the nuclear export function of the viral nucleoprotein-nuclear export signal 3 (NP-NES3) domain was successfully identified by our previous high-throughput screening system. Here, we demonstrated that DP2392-E10 exerts its antiviral effect by inhibiting replication of a broad range of influenza A subtypes. In regard to the molecular mechanism, we revealed that DP2392-E10 inhibits nuclear export of both viral NP and nuclear export protein (NEP). More specifically, in vitro pull-down assays revealed that DP2392-E10 directly binds cellular CRM1, which mediates nuclear export of NP and NEP. In silico docking suggested that DP2392-E10 binds at a region close to the HEAT9 and HEAT10 domains of CRM1. Together, these results indicate that the CRM1-mediated nuclear export function of influenza virus represents a new potential target for antiviral drug development, and also provide a core structure for a novel class of inhibitors that target this function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takafumi Mano
- Viral Infectious Disease Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Michinori Kakisaka
- Viral Infectious Disease Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sato
- Viral Infectious Disease Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Kondoh
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Osamu Kotani
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masaru Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Disease Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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111
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Khalil H, El Malah T, El Maksoud AIA, El Halfawy I, El Rashedy AA, El Hefnawy M. Identification of Novel and Efficacious Chemical Compounds that Disturb Influenza A Virus Entry in vitro. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:304. [PMID: 28713784 PMCID: PMC5491913 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus is a negative RNA stranded virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae, and represents a major public health threat, compounding existing disease conditions. Influenza A virus replicates rapidly within its host and the segmented nature of its genome facilitates re-assortment, whereby whole genes are exchanged between influenza virus subtypes during replication. Antiviral medications are important pharmacological tools in influenza virus prophylaxis and therapy. However, the use of currently available antiviral is impeded by sometimes high levels of resistance in circulating virus strains. Here, we identified novel anti-influenza compounds through screening of chemical compounds synthesized de novo on human lung epithelial cells. Computational and experimental screening of extensive and water soluble compounds identified novel influenza virus inhibitors that can reduce influenza virus infection without detectable toxic effects on host cells. Interestingly, the indicated active compounds inhibit viral replication most likely via interaction with cell receptors and disturb influenza virus entry into host cells. Collectively, screening of new synthesis chemical compounds on influenza A virus replication provides a novel and efficacious anti-influenza compounds that can inhibit viral replication via disturbing virus entry and indicates that these compounds are attractive candidates for evaluation as potential anti-influenza drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat CitySadat, Egypt
| | - Tamer El Malah
- Photochemistry Department, National Research CentreGiza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat CitySadat, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim El Halfawy
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat CitySadat City, Egypt
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112
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Pulkina AA, Sergeeva MV, Petrov SV, Fadeev AV, Komissarov AB, Romanovskaya-Romanko EA, Potapchuk MV, Tsybalova LM. Impact of mutations in nucleoprotein on replication of influenza virus A/Hong Kong/1/68/162/35 reassortants at different temperatures. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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113
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Single nucleoprotein residue determines influenza A virus sensitivity to an intertypic suppression mechanism. Virology 2017; 506:99-109. [PMID: 28371631 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Several mechanisms underlying intertypic interference between co-infecting influenza types A and B viruses (IAV and IBV) have been proposed. We have recently described one in which IBV's nucleoprotein (BNP) sequestered IAV's nucleoprotein (ANP) and suppressed IAV polymerase and growth. However, its anti-IAV capacity and limitations have not been fully explored. Here, we showed that BNP's inhibitory effect was more potent toward a wide array of avian IAVs, whereas human IAVs revealed moderate resistance. BNP sensitivity was largely determined by ANP's residue 343 at the NP oligomerization interface. An avian IAV polymerase carrying an NP-V343L mutation switched from being highly BNP-sensitive to moderately BNP-resistant, and vice versa for a human IAV polymerase carrying a reverse mutation. To highlight its capacity, we demonstrated that the polymerases of highly-pathogenic H5N1 and the pandemic 2009 (H1N1) strains are strongly inhibited by BNP. Our work provides insights into lineage-specific sensitivity to BNP-mediated intertypic interference.
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114
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Wu X, Wu X, Sun Q, Zhang C, Yang S, Li L, Jia Z. Progress of small molecular inhibitors in the development of anti-influenza virus agents. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:826-845. [PMID: 28382157 PMCID: PMC5381247 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza pandemic is a major threat to human health, and highly aggressive strains such as H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9 have emphasized the need for therapeutic strategies to combat these pathogens. Influenza anti-viral agents, especially active small molecular inhibitors play important roles in controlling pandemics while vaccines are developed. Currently, only a few drugs, which function as influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors and M2 ion channel protein inhibitors, are approved in clinical. However, the acquired resistance against current anti-influenza drugs and the emerging mutations of influenza virus itself remain the major challenging unmet medical needs for influenza treatment. It is highly desirable to identify novel anti-influenza agents. This paper reviews the progress of small molecular inhibitors act as antiviral agents, which include hemagglutinin (HA) inhibitors, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors, NA inhibitors and M2 ion channel protein inhibitors etc. Moreover, we also summarize new, recently reported potential targets and discuss strategies for the development of new anti-influenza virus drugs.
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Pre-mRNA Processing Factor Prp18 Is a Stimulatory Factor of Influenza Virus RNA Synthesis and Possesses Nucleoprotein Chaperone Activity. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01398-16. [PMID: 27852861 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01398-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of influenza virus (viral RNA [vRNA]) is associated with the nucleoprotein (NP) and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases and forms helical viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes. The NP-vRNA complex is the biologically active template for RNA synthesis by the viral polymerase. Previously, we identified human pre-mRNA processing factor 18 (Prp18) as a stimulatory factor for viral RNA synthesis using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae replicon system and a single-gene deletion library of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (T. Naito, Y. Kiyasu, K. Sugiyama, A. Kimura, R. Nakano, A. Matsukage, and K. Nagata, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104:18235-18240, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705856104). In infected Prp18 knockdown (KD) cells, the synthesis of vRNA, cRNA, and viral mRNAs was reduced. Prp18 was found to stimulate in vitro viral RNA synthesis through its interaction with NP. Analyses using in vitro RNA synthesis reactions revealed that Prp18 dissociates newly synthesized RNA from the template after the early elongation step to stimulate the elongation reaction. We found that Prp18 functions as a chaperone for NP to facilitate the formation of NP-RNA complexes. Based on these results, it is suggested that Prp18 accelerates influenza virus RNA synthesis as an NP chaperone for the processive elongation reaction. IMPORTANCE Templates for viral RNA synthesis of negative-stranded RNA viruses are not naked RNA but rather RNA encapsidated by viral nucleocapsid proteins forming vRNP complexes. However, viral basic proteins tend to aggregate under physiological ionic strength without chaperones. We identified the pre-mRNA processing factor Prp18 as a stimulatory factor for influenza virus RNA synthesis. We found that one of the targets of Prp18 is NP. Prp18 facilitates the elongation reaction of viral polymerases by preventing the deleterious annealing of newly synthesized RNA to the template. Prp18 functions as a chaperone for NP to stimulate the formation of NP-RNA complexes. Based on these results, we propose that Prp18 may be required to maintain the structural integrity of vRNP for processive template reading.
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116
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Amarelle L, Lecuona E, Sznajder JI. Anti-Influenza Treatment: Drugs Currently Used and Under Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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117
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Ahmad A, Javed MR, Rao AQ, Husnain T. Designing and screening of universal drug from neem (Azadirachta indica) and standard drug chemicals against influenza virus nucleoprotein. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:519. [PMID: 27986088 PMCID: PMC5162082 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Different strains of influenza virus are affecting a large number of people worldwide. Many synthetic antiviral medicines are available for influenza virus in the market. But still there is a need for the development of universal drugs against these strains of influenza virus. Methods For this purpose conserved residues within the influenza virus nucleoprotein have been retrieved. The drugs, previously known to have antiviral properties, were screened to identify the best candidate universal drug against Influenza virus strains. Compounds from leaf extracts of neem, were also screened to identify the natural drugs without side effects. Result Molecular docking identified three potential compounds (Nimbaflavone, Rutin, and Hyperoside) having perfect binding with reported conserved residues (ASP302, SER50) of influenza virus nucleoprotein that is involved in the binding of drugs. Further analysis showed Hyperoside as a universal drug against various influenza strains. Some chemical drugs were also evaluated through screening against nucleoprotein. The results showed six drugs (OMS, CBX, LGH, Naproxen, BMS-883559, and BMS-885838) which were interacting with same conserved residues (ASP302, TYR52, SER50, GLY288, SER376, and ARG99) as were found in the case of neem phytochemicals. Hyperoside from neem leaf extract along with drugs LGH, Naproxen, BMS-885838, and BMS-883559 showed best interactions with conserved residues of nucleoprotein. Conclusion The compound Hyperoside from neem leaf extract along with drugs LGH, Naproxen, BMS-885838, and BMS-883559 showed best interactions with conserved residues of nucleoprotein. So these compounds have been identified for their potential against influenza strains to be utilized as a universal drug.
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118
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Schwarz B, Uchida M, Douglas T. Biomedical and Catalytic Opportunities of Virus-Like Particles in Nanotechnology. Adv Virus Res 2016; 97:1-60. [PMID: 28057256 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Within biology, molecules are arranged in hierarchical structures that coordinate and control the many processes that allow for complex organisms to exist. Proteins and other functional macromolecules are often studied outside their natural nanostructural context because it remains difficult to create controlled arrangements of proteins at this size scale. Viruses are elegantly simple nanosystems that exist at the interface of living organisms and nonliving biological machines. Studied and viewed primarily as pathogens to be combatted, viruses have emerged as models of structural efficiency at the nanoscale and have spurred the development of biomimetic nanoparticle systems. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious protein cages derived from viruses or other cage-forming systems. VLPs provide incredibly regular scaffolds for building at the nanoscale. Composed of self-assembling protein subunits, VLPs provide both a model for studying materials' assembly at the nanoscale and useful building blocks for materials design. The robustness and degree of understanding of many VLP structures allow for the ready use of these systems as versatile nanoparticle platforms for the conjugation of active molecules or as scaffolds for the structural organization of chemical processes. Lastly the prevalence of viruses in all domains of life has led to unique activities of VLPs in biological systems most notably the immune system. Here we discuss recent efforts to apply VLPs in a wide variety of applications with the aim of highlighting how the common structural elements of VLPs have led to their emergence as paradigms for the understanding and design of biological nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schwarz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - M Uchida
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - T Douglas
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
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Bank C, Renzette N, Liu P, Matuszewski S, Shim H, Foll M, Bolon DNA, Zeldovich KB, Kowalik TF, Finberg RW, Wang JP, Jensen JD. An experimental evaluation of drug-induced mutational meltdown as an antiviral treatment strategy. Evolution 2016; 70:2470-2484. [PMID: 27566611 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of drug resistance remains a critical public health concern. The treatment of influenza A virus (IAV) has proven particularly challenging, due to the ability of the virus to develop resistance against current antivirals and vaccines. Here, we evaluate a novel antiviral drug therapy, favipiravir, for which the mechanism of action in IAV involves an interaction with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase resulting in an effective increase in the viral mutation rate. We used an experimental evolution framework, combined with novel population genetic method development for inference from time-sampled data, to evaluate the effectiveness of favipiravir against IAV. Evaluating whole genome polymorphism data across 15 time points under multiple drug concentrations and in controls, we present the first evidence for the ability of IAV populations to effectively adapt to low concentrations of favipiravir. In contrast, under high concentrations, we observe population extinction, indicative of mutational meltdown. We discuss the observed dynamics with respect to the evolutionary forces at play and emphasize the utility of evolutionary theory to inform drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bank
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Current Adrress: Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nicholas Renzette
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605
| | - Sebastian Matuszewski
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hyunjin Shim
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Foll
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Current Address: Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel N A Bolon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605
| | - Konstantin B Zeldovich
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605
| | - Timothy F Kowalik
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605
| | - Robert W Finberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605
| | - Jennifer P Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605.
| | - Jeffrey D Jensen
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Current Address: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287.
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120
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Kumar D, Broor S, Rajala MS. Interaction of Host Nucleolin with Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein in the Early Phase of Infection Limits the Late Viral Gene Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164146. [PMID: 27711134 PMCID: PMC5053498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus nucleoprotein, is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein, encoded by segment-5 of the negative sense RNA genome. It serves as a key connector between the virus and the host during virus replication. It continuously shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus interacting with various host cellular factors. In the current study, host proteins interacting with nucleoprotein of Influenza A virus of H1N1 2009 pandemic strain were identified by co-immunoprecipitation studies followed by MALDI-TOF/MS analysis. Here we report the host nucleolin, a major RNA-binding protein of the nucleolus as a novel interacting partner to influenza A virus nucleoprotein. We thus, explored the implications of this interaction in virus life cycle and our studies have shown that these two proteins interact early during infection in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Depletion of nucleolin in A549 cells by siRNA targeting endogenous nucleolin followed by influenza A virus infection, disrupted its interaction with viral nucleoprotein, resulting in increased expression of gene transcripts encoding late viral proteins; matrix (M1) and hemagglutinin (HA) in infected cells. On the contrary, over expression of nucleolin in cells transiently transfected with pEGFP-NCL construct followed by virus infection significantly reduced the late viral gene transcripts, and consequently the viral titer. Altered expression of late viral genes and titers following manipulation of host cellular nucleolin, proposes the functional importance of its interaction with nucleoprotein during influenza A virus infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dogs
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/metabolism
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Nucleocapsid Proteins
- Pandemics
- Phosphoproteins/deficiency
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Seasons
- Transcription, Genetic
- Viral Core Proteins/genetics
- Viral Core Proteins/metabolism
- Nucleolin
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobha Broor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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121
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Secondary structure model of the naked segment 7 influenza A virus genomic RNA. Biochem J 2016; 473:4327-4348. [PMID: 27694388 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) genome comprises eight negative-sense viral (v)RNA segments. The seventh segment of the genome encodes two essential viral proteins and is specifically packaged alongside the other seven vRNAs. To gain insights into the possible roles of RNA structure both within and without virions, a secondary structure model of a naked (protein-free) segment 7 vRNA (vRNA7) has been determined using chemical mapping and thermodynamic energy minimization. The proposed structure model was validated using microarray mapping, RNase H cleavage and comparative sequence analysis. Additionally, the detailed structures of three vRNA7 fragment constructs - comprising independently folded subdomains - were determined. Much of the proposed vRNA7 structure is preserved between IAV strains, suggesting their importance in the influenza replication cycle. Possible structure rearrangements, which allow or preclude long-range RNA interactions, are also proposed.
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122
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Yadav V, Panganiban AT, Honer Zu Bentrup K, Voss TG. Influenza infection modulates vesicular trafficking and induces Golgi complex disruption. Virusdisease 2016; 27:357-368. [PMID: 28004015 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-016-0347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IFV) replicates its genome in the nucleus of infected cells and uses the cellular protein transport system for genome trafficking from the nucleus to the plasma membrane. However, many details of the mechanism of this process, and its relationship to subsequent cytoplasmic virus trafficking, have not been elucidated. We examined the effect of nuclear transport inhibitors Leptomycin B (LB), 5,6 dichloro-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole (DRB), the vesicular transport inhibitor Brefeldin A (BFA), the caspase inhibitor ZWEHD, and microtubule inhibitor Nocodazole (NOC) on virus replication and intracellular trafficking of viral nucleoprotein (NP) from the nucleus to the ER and Golgi. Also, we carried out complementary studies to determine the effect of IFV on intracellular membranes. Inhibition of the CRM1 and TAP-P15 nuclear transport pathways by DRB and LB blocked completely the export of virus. Inhibition of vesicular trafficking by BFA, NOC, and ZWEHD also affected influenza infection. Interestingly, IFV infection induced fragmentation of the Golgi complex resulting in diffuse distribution of large and small vesicles throughout the cytoplasm. Live-cell microscopy revealed expansion of Golgi localization signals indicating progressive dispersion of Golgi positive structures, resulting in the disassembly of the Golgi ribbon structure. Other vesicular components (Rab1b, ARF1 and GBF1) were also found to be required for IFV infection. Furthermore, the exact step at which IFV infection disrupts vesicle trafficking was identified as the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. These findings suggest that IFV NP is trafficked from the nucleus via the CRM1 and TAP pathways. IFV modulates vesicular trafficking inducing disruption of the Golgi complex. These studies provide insight on the ways in which IFV affects intracellular trafficking of different host proteins and will facilitate identification of useful pharmaceutical targets to abrogate virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Yadav
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA USA
| | - Antonito T Panganiban
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA USA
| | - Kerstin Honer Zu Bentrup
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Thomas G Voss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA USA
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Stevaert A, Naesens L. The Influenza Virus Polymerase Complex: An Update on Its Structure, Functions, and Significance for Antiviral Drug Design. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:1127-1173. [PMID: 27569399 PMCID: PMC5108440 DOI: 10.1002/med.21401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and pandemic outbreaks associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and a huge cost. Since resistance to the existing anti‐influenza drugs is rising, innovative inhibitors with a different mode of action are urgently needed. The influenza polymerase complex is widely recognized as a key drug target, given its critical role in virus replication and high degree of conservation among influenza A (of human or zoonotic origin) and B viruses. We here review the major progress that has been made in recent years in unravelling the structure and functions of this protein complex, enabling structure‐aided drug design toward the core regions of the PA endonuclease, PB1 polymerase, or cap‐binding PB2 subunit. Alternatively, inhibitors may target a protein–protein interaction site, a cellular factor involved in viral RNA synthesis, the viral RNA itself, or the nucleoprotein component of the viral ribonucleoprotein. The latest advances made for these diverse pharmacological targets have yielded agents in advanced (i.e., favipiravir and VX‐787) or early clinical testing, besides several experimental inhibitors in various stages of development, which are all covered here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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124
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Kim D, Garner OB, Ozcan A, Di Carlo D. Homogeneous Entropy-Driven Amplified Detection of Biomolecular Interactions. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7467-75. [PMID: 27462995 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
While a range of artificial biochemical circuits is likely to play a significant role in biological engineering, one of the challenges in the field is the design of circuits that can transduce between biomolecule classes (e.g., moving beyond nucleic acid only circuits). Herein, we design a transduction mechanism whereby a protein signal is transduced into an amplified nucleic acid output using DNA nanotechnology. In this system, a protein is recognized by nucleic acid bound recognition elements to form a catalytic complex that drives a hybridization/displacement reaction on a multicomponent nucleic acid substrate, releasing multiple target single-stranded oligonucleotides in an amplified fashion. Amplification power and simple one-pot reaction conditions lead us to apply the scheme in an assay format, achieving homogeneous and rapid (∼10 min) analyte detection that is also robust (operable in whole blood and plasma). In addition, we demonstrate the assay in a microfluidic digital assay format leading to improved quantification and sensitivity approaching single-molecule levels. The present scheme we believe will have a significant impact on a range of applications from fundamental molecular interaction studies to design of artificial circuits in vivo to high-throughput, multiplexed assays for screening or point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyuk Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, §Department of Electrical Engineering, ∥California NanoSystems Institute, and ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Omai B Garner
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, §Department of Electrical Engineering, ∥California NanoSystems Institute, and ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, §Department of Electrical Engineering, ∥California NanoSystems Institute, and ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, §Department of Electrical Engineering, ∥California NanoSystems Institute, and ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Leirs K, Tewari Kumar P, Decrop D, Pérez-Ruiz E, Leblebici P, Van Kelst B, Compernolle G, Meeuws H, Van Wesenbeeck L, Lagatie O, Stuyver L, Gils A, Lammertyn J, Spasic D. Bioassay Development for Ultrasensitive Detection of Influenza A Nucleoprotein Using Digital ELISA. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8450-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Leirs
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Griet Compernolle
- Laboratory
for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann Gils
- Laboratory
for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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126
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Amarelle L, Lecuona E, Sznajder JI. Anti-Influenza Treatment: Drugs Currently Used and Under Development. Arch Bronconeumol 2016; 53:19-26. [PMID: 27519544 PMCID: PMC6889083 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
La gripe es una enfermedad contagiosa altamente prevalente y con significativa morbimortalidad. El tratamiento disponible con fármacos antivirales, de ser administrado de forma precoz, puede reducir el riesgo de complicaciones severas; sin embargo, muchos tipos de virus desarrollan resistencia a estos fármacos, reduciendo notablemente su efectividad. Ha habido un gran interés en el desarrollo de nuevas opciones terapéuticas para combatir la enfermedad. Una gran variedad de fármacos han demostrado tener actividad antiinfluenza, pero aún no están disponibles para su uso en la clínica. Muchos de ellos tienen como objetivo componentes del virus, mientras que otros son dirigidos a elementos de la célula huésped que participan en el ciclo viral. Modular los componentes del huésped es una estrategia que minimiza el desarrollo de cepas resistentes, dado que estos no están sujetos a la variabilidad genética que tiene el virus. Por otro lado, la principal desventaja es que existe un mayor riesgo de efectos secundarios asociados al tratamiento. El objetivo de la presente revisión es describir los principales agentes farmacológicos disponibles en la actualidad, así como los nuevos fármacos en estudio con potencial beneficio en el tratamiento de la gripe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Amarelle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos de América; Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Emilia Lecuona
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos de América
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos de América.
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Chutiwitoonchai N, Aida Y. NXT1, a Novel Influenza A NP Binding Protein, Promotes the Nuclear Export of NP via a CRM1-Dependent Pathway. Viruses 2016; 8:E209. [PMID: 27483302 PMCID: PMC4997571 DOI: 10.3390/v8080209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains a serious worldwide public health problem. After infection, viral genomic RNA is replicated in the nucleus and packed into viral ribonucleoprotein, which will then be exported to the cytoplasm via a cellular chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-dependent pathway for further assembly and budding. However, the nuclear export mechanism of influenza virus remains controversial. Here, we identify cellular nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2)-like export protein 1 (NXT1) as a novel binding partner of nucleoprotein (NP) that stimulates NP-mediated nuclear export via the CRM1-dependent pathway. NXT1-knockdown cells exhibit decreased viral replication kinetics and nuclear accumulated viral RNA and NP. By contrast, NXT1 overexpression promotes nuclear export of NP in a CRM1-dependent manner. Pull-down assays suggest the formation of an NXT1, NP, and CRM1 complex, and demonstrate that NXT1 binds to the C-terminal region of NP. These findings reveal a distinct mechanism for nuclear export of the influenza virus and identify the NXT1/NP interaction as a potential target for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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128
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Structural Characterization of H1N1 Nucleoprotein-Nucleozin Binding Sites. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29684. [PMID: 27404920 PMCID: PMC4939526 DOI: 10.1038/srep29684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are among the most common pathogens that threaten the health of humans and animals worldwide. Various anti-viral therapeutic agents are currently used for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus, but the targets of these drugs are easily mutated and result in resistance. Therefore, medications that have broad spectrum coverage are urgently needed to combat with the disease. Since nucleoprotein is regarded as a druggable target due to its conserved sequence and important functions during influenza virus life cycle, numerous studies are focused on this protein in attempts to develop broad-spectrum anti-influenza therapeutics. Recently, a novel small molecule compound, nucleozin, was found to induce large aggregates of nucleoprotein, which in turn caused cessation of virus replication. However, the aggregation-inducing mechanism of nucleozin has not been unveiled. Here we report the crystal structure of nucleoprotein-nucleozin complex at 3 Å resolution, which shows the binding sites of nucleozin at nucleoprotein for the first time. The complex structure reveals how nucleoprotein and nucleozin interact with each other and hence result in nucleoprotein aggregates. The structural information is envisaged to help accelerate the development of anti-influenza therapeutic agents.
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Hao X, Hu J, Wang J, Xu J, Cheng H, Xu Y, Li Q, He D, Liu X, Wang X, Gu M, Hu S, Xu X, Liu H, Chen S, Peng D, Liu X. Reassortant H5N1 avian influenza viruses containing PA or NP gene from an H9N2 virus significantly increase the pathogenicity in mice. Vet Microbiol 2016; 192:95-101. [PMID: 27527770 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reassortment between different influenza viruses is a crucial way to generate novel influenza viruses with unpredictable virulence and transmissibility, which may threaten the public health. As currently in China, avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of H9N2 and H5N1 subtypes are endemic in poultry in many areas, while they are prone to reassort with each other naturally. In order to evaluate the risk of the reassortment to public health, A/Goose/Jiangsu/k0403/2010 [GS/10(H5N1)] virus was used as a backbone to generate a series of reassortants, each contained a single internal gene derived from the predominant S genotype of the A/Chicken/Jiangsu/WJ57/2012 [WJ/57(H9N2)]. We next assessed the biological characteristics of these assortments, including pathogenicity, replication efficiency and polymerase activity. We found that the parental WJ/57(H9N2) and GS/10(H5N1) viruses displayed high genetic compatibility. Notably, the H5N1 reassortants containing the PA or NP gene from WJ/57(H9N2) virus significantly increased virulence and replication ability in mice, as well as markedly enhanced polymerase activity. Our results indicate that the endemicity of H9N2 and H5N1 in domestic poultry greatly increases the possibility of generating new viruses by reassortment that may pose a great threat to poultry industry and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jiongjiong Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yunpeng Xu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qunhui Li
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Dongchang He
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Huimou Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Terrier O, Carron C, De Chassey B, Dubois J, Traversier A, Julien T, Cartet G, Proust A, Hacot S, Ressnikoff D, Lotteau V, Lina B, Diaz JJ, Moules V, Rosa-Calatrava M. Nucleolin interacts with influenza A nucleoprotein and contributes to viral ribonucleoprotein complexes nuclear trafficking and efficient influenza viral replication. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29006. [PMID: 27373907 PMCID: PMC4931502 DOI: 10.1038/srep29006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses replicate their single-stranded RNA genomes in the nucleus of infected cells and these replicated genomes (vRNPs) are then exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane before budding. To achieve this export, influenza viruses hijack the host cell export machinery. However, the complete mechanisms underlying this hijacking remain not fully understood. We have previously shown that influenza viruses induce a marked alteration of the nucleus during the time-course of infection and notably in the nucleolar compartment. In this study, we discovered that a major nucleolar component, called nucleolin, is required for an efficient export of vRNPs and viral replication. We have notably shown that nucleolin interacts with the viral nucleoprotein (NP) that mainly constitutes vRNPs. Our results suggest that this interaction could allow vRNPs to "catch" the host cell export machinery, a necessary step for viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Terrier
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - Team VirPath - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Carron
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - Team VirPath - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benoît De Chassey
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Julia Dubois
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - Team VirPath - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélien Traversier
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - Team VirPath - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Julien
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - Team VirPath - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Gaëlle Cartet
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - Team VirPath - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Anaïs Proust
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - Team VirPath - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sabine Hacot
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR Inserm 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France and Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Ressnikoff
- CIQLE, Centre d’imagerie quantitative Lyon-Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Lotteau
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Lina
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - Team VirPath - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Laboratory of Virology, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Diaz
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR Inserm 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France and Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Moules
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - Team VirPath - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - Team VirPath - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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131
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Abstract
Influenza A virus is a pathogen of global medical importance causing significant health and socio-economic costs every year. Influenza virus is an unusual pathogen in that it is pleomorphic, capable of forming virions ranging in shape from spherical to filamentous. Despite decades of research on the influenza virus, much remains unknown about the formation of filamentous influenza viruses and their role in the viral replication cycle. Here, we discuss what is known about influenza virus assembly and budding, focusing on the viral and host factors that are involved in the determination of viral morphology. Whilst the biological function of the filamentous morphology remains unknown, recent results suggest a role in facilitating viral spread in vivo. We discuss these results and speculate on the consequences of viral morphology during influenza virus infection of the human respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Badham
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Jeremy S Rossman
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
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132
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Intrinsically disordered region of influenza A NP regulates viral genome packaging via interactions with viral RNA and host PI(4,5)P2. Virology 2016; 496:116-126. [PMID: 27289560 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To be incorporated into progeny virions, the viral genome must be transported to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) and accumulate there. Some viruses utilize lipid components to assemble at the PM. For example, simian virus 40 (SV40) targets the ganglioside GM1 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) utilizes phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Recent studies clearly indicate that Rab11-mediated recycling endosomes are required for influenza A virus (IAV) trafficking of vRNPs to the PM but it remains unclear how IAV vRNP localized or accumulate underneath the PM for viral genome incorporation into progeny virions. In this study, we found that the second intrinsically disordered region (IDR2) of NP regulates two binding steps involved in viral genome packaging. First, IDR2 facilitates NP oligomer binding to viral RNA to form vRNP. Secondly, vRNP assemble by interacting with PI(4,5)P2 at the PM via IDR2. These findings suggest that PI(4,5)P2 functions as the determinant of vRNP accumulation at the PM.
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133
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Recent discoveries of influenza A drug target sites to combat virus replication. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:932-6. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20160002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sequence variations in the binding sites of influenza A proteins are known to limit the effectiveness of current antiviral drugs. Clinically, this leads to increased rates of virus transmission and pathogenicity. Potential influenza A inhibitors are continually being discovered as a result of high-throughput cell based screening studies, whereas the application of computational tools to aid drug discovery has further increased the number of predicted inhibitors reported. This review brings together the aspects that relate to the identification of influenza A drug target sites and the findings from recent antiviral drug discovery strategies.
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134
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Heaton NS, Moshkina N, Fenouil R, Gardner TJ, Aguirre S, Shah PS, Zhao N, Manganaro L, Hultquist JF, Noel J, Sachs D, Hamilton J, Leon PE, Chawdury A, Tripathi S, Melegari C, Campisi L, Hai R, Metreveli G, Gamarnik AV, García-Sastre A, Greenbaum B, Simon V, Fernandez-Sesma A, Krogan NJ, Mulder LCF, van Bakel H, Tortorella D, Taunton J, Palese P, Marazzi I. Targeting Viral Proteostasis Limits Influenza Virus, HIV, and Dengue Virus Infection. Immunity 2016; 44:46-58. [PMID: 26789921 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate parasites and thus require the machinery of the host cell to replicate. Inhibition of host factors co-opted during active infection is a strategy hosts use to suppress viral replication and a potential pan-antiviral therapy. To define the cellular proteins and processes required for a virus during infection is thus crucial to understanding the mechanisms of virally induced disease. In this report, we generated fully infectious tagged influenza viruses and used infection-based proteomics to identify pivotal arms of cellular signaling required for influenza virus growth and infectivity. Using mathematical modeling and genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we revealed that modulation of Sec61-mediated cotranslational translocation selectively impaired glycoprotein proteostasis of influenza as well as HIV and dengue viruses and led to inhibition of viral growth and infectivity. Thus, by studying virus-human protein-protein interactions in the context of active replication, we have identified targetable host factors for broad-spectrum antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Heaton
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Natasha Moshkina
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Romain Fenouil
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Thomas J Gardner
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Sebastian Aguirre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Priya S Shah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2140, USA
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Lara Manganaro
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Judd F Hultquist
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2140, USA
| | - Justine Noel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - David Sachs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Jennifer Hamilton
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Paul E Leon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Amit Chawdury
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Camilla Melegari
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Laura Campisi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Rong Hai
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Giorgi Metreveli
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Andrea V Gamarnik
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Benjamin Greenbaum
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Ana Fernandez-Sesma
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2140, USA
| | - Lubbertus C F Mulder
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Jack Taunton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2140, USA
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Ivan Marazzi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
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135
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Okamatsu M, Motohashi Y, Hiono T, Tamura T, Nagaya K, Matsuno K, Sakoda Y, Kida H. Is the optimal pH for membrane fusion in host cells by avian influenza viruses related to host range and pathogenicity? Arch Virol 2016; 161:2235-42. [PMID: 27231009 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses isolated from wild ducks do not replicate in chickens. This fact is not explained solely by the receptor specificity of the hemagglutinin (HA) from such viruses for target host cells. To investigate this restriction in host range, the fusion activities of HA molecules from duck and chicken influenza viruses were examined. Influenza viruses A/duck/Mongolia/54/2001 (H5N2) (Dk/MNG) and A/chicken/Ibaraki/1/2005 (H5N2) (Ck/IBR), which replicate only in their primary hosts, were used. The optimal pH for membrane fusion of Ck/IBR was 5.9, higher than that of Dk/MNG at 4.9. To assess the relationship between the optimal pH for fusion and the host range of avian influenza viruses, the optimal pH for fusion of 55 influenza virus strains isolated from ducks and chickens was examined. No correlation was found between the host range and optimal pH for membrane fusion by the viruses, and this finding applied also to the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. The optimal pH for membrane fusion for avian influenza viruses was shown to not necessarily be correlated with their host range or pathogenicity in ducks and chickens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Chickens
- Ducks
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/metabolism
- Host Specificity
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/chemistry
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype/chemistry
- Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza in Birds/physiopathology
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Membrane Fusion
- Phylogeny
- Poultry Diseases/physiopathology
- Poultry Diseases/virology
- Virulence
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yurie Motohashi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hiono
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagaya
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-20 Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-20 Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-20 Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-20 Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Swale C, Monod A, Tengo L, Labaronne A, Garzoni F, Bourhis JM, Cusack S, Schoehn G, Berger I, Ruigrok RWH, Crépin T. Structural characterization of recombinant IAV polymerase reveals a stable complex between viral PA-PB1 heterodimer and host RanBP5. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24727. [PMID: 27095520 PMCID: PMC4837377 DOI: 10.1038/srep24727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of influenza A virus (IAV) comprises eight RNA segments (vRNA) which are transcribed and replicated by the heterotrimeric IAV RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp). RdRp consists of three subunits (PA, PB1 and PB2) and binds both the highly conserved 3′- and 5′-ends of the vRNA segment. The IAV RdRp is an important antiviral target, but its structural mechanism has remained largely elusive to date. By applying a polyprotein strategy, we produced RdRp complexes and define a minimal human IAV RdRp core complex. We show that PA-PB1 forms a stable heterodimeric submodule that can strongly interact with 5′-vRNA. In contrast, 3′-vRNA recognition critically depends on the PB2 N-terminal domain. Moreover, we demonstrate that PA-PB1 forms a stable and stoichiometric complex with host nuclear import factor RanBP5 that can be modelled using SAXS and we show that the PA-PB1-RanPB5 complex is no longer capable of 5′-vRNA binding. Our results provide further evidence for a step-wise assembly of IAV structural components, regulated by nuclear transport mechanisms and host factor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Swale
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,CNRS, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandre Monod
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,CNRS, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Laura Tengo
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,CNRS, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Alice Labaronne
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,CNRS, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Garzoni
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,CNRS, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,EMBL Grenoble, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Marie Bourhis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,CNRS, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Stephen Cusack
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,CNRS, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,EMBL Grenoble, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Guy Schoehn
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,CNRS, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Imre Berger
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,CNRS, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,EMBL Grenoble, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,The School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Clifton BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Rob W H Ruigrok
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,CNRS, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Thibaut Crépin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,CNRS, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
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137
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Host Protein Moloney Leukemia Virus 10 (MOV10) Acts as a Restriction Factor of Influenza A Virus by Inhibiting the Nuclear Import of the Viral Nucleoprotein. J Virol 2016; 90:3966-3980. [PMID: 26842467 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03137-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex of influenza A viruses (IAVs) contains an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex (RdRp) and nucleoprotein (NP) and is the functional unit for viral RNA transcription and replication. The vRNP complex is an important determinant of virus pathogenicity and host adaptation, implying that its function can be affected by host factors. In our study, we identified host protein Moloney leukemia virus 10 (MOV10) as an inhibitor of IAV replication, since depletion of MOV10 resulted in a significant increase in virus yield. MOV10 inhibited the polymerase activity in a minigenome system through RNA-mediated interaction with the NP subunit of vRNP complex. Importantly, we found that the interaction between MOV10 and NP prevented the binding of NP to importin-α, resulting in the retention of NP in the cytoplasm. Both the binding of MOV10 to NP and its inhibitory effect on polymerase activity were independent of its helicase activity. These results suggest that MOV10 acts as an anti-influenza virus factor through specifically inhibiting the nuclear transportation of NP and subsequently inhibiting the function of the vRNP complex. IMPORTANCE The interaction between the influenza virus vRNP complex and host factors is a major determinant of viral tropism and pathogenicity. Our study identified MOV10 as a novel host restriction factor for the influenza virus life cycle since it inhibited the viral growth rate. Conversely, importin-α has been shown as a determinant for influenza tropism and a positive regulator for viral polymerase activity in mammalian cells but not in avian cells. MOV10 disrupted the interaction between NP and importin-α, suggesting that MOV10 could also be an important host factor for influenza virus transmission and pathogenicity. Importantly, as an interferon (IFN)-inducible protein, MOV10 exerted a novel mechanism for IFNs to inhibit the replication of influenza viruses. Furthermore, our study potentially provides a new drug design strategy, the use of molecules that mimic the antiviral mechanism of MOV10.
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138
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Momose F, Morikawa Y. Polycistronic Expression of the Influenza A Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Using the Thosea asigna Virus 2A-Like Self-Processing Sequence. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:288. [PMID: 27014212 PMCID: PMC4782009 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of influenza A virus consists of three subunits, PB2, PB1, and PA, and catalyses both viral RNA genome replication and transcription. Cotransfection of four monocistronic expression vectors for these subunits and nucleoprotein with an expression vector for viral RNA reconstitutes functional viral ribonucleoprotein complex (vRNP). However, the specific activity of reconstituted RdRp is usually very low since the expression level and the ratio of the three subunits by transfection are uncontrollable at single-cell levels. For efficient reconstitution of RdRp and vRNP, their levels need to be at least comparable. We constructed polycistronic expression vectors in which the coding sequences of the three subunits were joined with the 2A-like self-processing sequence of Thosea asigna virus (TaV2A) in various orders. The level of PB1 protein, even when it was placed at the most downstream, was comparable with that expressed from the monocistronic PB1 vector. In contrast, the levels of PB2 and PA were very low, the latter of which was most likely due to proteasomal degradation caused by the TaV2A-derived sequences attached to the amino- and/or carboxyl-terminal ends in this expression system. Interestingly, two of the constructs, in which the PB1 coding sequence was placed at the most upstream, showed much higher reporter activity in a luciferase-based mini-genome assay than that observed by cotransfection of the monocistronic vectors. When the coding sequence of selective antibiotic marker was further placed at the most downstream of the PB1-PA-PB2 open reading frame, stable cells expressing RdRp were easily established, indicating that acquisition of antibiotic resistance assured the expression of upstream RdRp. The addition of an affinity tag to the carboxyl-terminal end of PB2 allowed us to isolate reconstituted vRNP. Taken together, the polycistronic expression system for influenza virus RdRp may be available for functional and structural studies on vRNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Momose
- Laboratory of Viral Infection II, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- Laboratory of Viral Infection II, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University Tokyo, Japan
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139
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Kon TC, Onu A, Berbecila L, Lupulescu E, Ghiorgisor A, Kersten GF, Cui YQ, Amorij JP, Van der Pol L. Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing: Effect of Inactivation, Splitting and Site of Manufacturing. Comparison of Influenza Vaccine Production Processes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150700. [PMID: 26959983 PMCID: PMC4784929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different inactivation and splitting procedures on influenza vaccine product composition, stability and recovery to support transfer of process technology. Four split and two whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccine bulks were produced and compared with respect to release criteria, stability of the bulk and haemagglutinin recovery. One clarified harvest of influenza H3N2 A/Uruguay virus prepared on 25.000 fertilized eggs was divided equally over six downstream processes. The main unit operation for purification was sucrose gradient zonal ultracentrifugation. The inactivation of the virus was performed with either formaldehyde in phosphate buffer or with beta-propiolactone in citrate buffer. For splitting of the viral products in presence of Tween®, either Triton™ X-100 or di-ethyl-ether was used. Removal of ether was established by centrifugation and evaporation, whereas removal of Triton-X100 was performed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. All products were sterile filtered and subjected to a 5 months real time stability study. In all processes, major product losses were measured after sterile filtration; with larger losses for split virus than for WIV. The beta-propiolactone inactivation on average resulted in higher recoveries compared to processes using formaldehyde inactivation. Especially ether split formaldehyde product showed low recovery and least stability over a period of five months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theone C. Kon
- Department of Product Development, Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Adrian Onu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Cantacuzino National Research Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Berbecila
- Unit of Influenza Vaccine Production, Cantacuzino National Research Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia Lupulescu
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Infections, Cantacuzino National Research Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Ghiorgisor
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Infections, Cantacuzino National Research Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gideon F. Kersten
- Department of Research, Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yi-Qing Cui
- Department of Product Development, Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Amorij
- Department of Business Development, Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Van der Pol
- Department of Research, Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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140
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Lenartowicz E, Kesy J, Ruszkowska A, Soszynska-Jozwiak M, Michalak P, Moss WN, Turner DH, Kierzek R, Kierzek E. Self-Folding of Naked Segment 8 Genomic RNA of Influenza A Virus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148281. [PMID: 26848969 PMCID: PMC4743857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A is a negative sense RNA virus that kills hundreds of thousands of humans each year. Base pairing in RNA is very favorable, but possibilities for RNA secondary structure of the influenza genomic RNA have not been investigated. This work presents the first experimentally-derived exploration of potential secondary structure in an influenza A naked (protein-free) genomic segment. Favorable folding regions are revealed by in vitro chemical structure mapping, thermodynamics, bioinformatics, and binding to isoenergetic microarrays of an entire natural sequence of the 875 nt segment 8 vRNA and of a smaller fragment. Segment 8 has thermodynamically stable and evolutionarily conserved RNA structure and encodes essential viral proteins NEP and NS1. This suggests that vRNA self-folding may generate helixes and loops that are important at one or more stages of the influenza life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Lenartowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61–704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Julita Kesy
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61–704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ruszkowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61–704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Soszynska-Jozwiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61–704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paula Michalak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61–704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Walter N. Moss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627, United States of America
| | - Douglas H. Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627, United States of America
| | - Ryszard Kierzek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61–704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kierzek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61–704 Poznan, Poland
- * E-mail:
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141
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DDX3 Interacts with Influenza A Virus NS1 and NP Proteins and Exerts Antiviral Function through Regulation of Stress Granule Formation. J Virol 2016; 90:3661-75. [PMID: 26792746 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03010-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED DDX3 belongs to the DEAD box RNA helicase family and is a multifunctional protein affecting the life cycle of a variety of viruses. However, its role in influenza virus infection is unknown. In this study, we explored the potential role of DDX3 in influenza virus life cycle and discovered that DDX3 is an antiviral protein. Since many host proteins affect virus life cycle by interacting with certain components of the viral machinery, we first verified whether DDX3 has any viral interaction partners. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed NS1 and NP as direct interaction partners of DDX3. Stress granules (SGs) are known to be antiviral and do form in influenza virus-infected cells expressing defective NS1 protein. Additionally, a recent study showed that DDX3 is an important SG-nucleating factor. We thus explored whether DDX3 plays a role in influenza virus infection through regulation of SGs. Our results showed that SGs were formed in infected cells upon infection with a mutant influenza virus lacking functional NS1 (del NS1) protein, and DDX3 colocalized with NP in SGs. We further determined that the DDX3 helicase domain did not interact with NS1 and NP; however, it was essential for DDX3 localization in virus-induced SGs. Knockdown of DDX3 resulted in impaired SG formation and led to increased virus titers. Taken together, our results identified DDX3 as an antiviral protein with a role in virus-induced SG formation. IMPORTANCE DDX3 is a multifunctional RNA helicase and has been reported to be involved in regulating various virus life cycles. However, its function during influenza A virus infection remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that DDX3 is capable of interacting with influenza virus NS1 and NP proteins; DDX3 and NP colocalize in the del NS1 virus-induced SGs. Furthermore, knockdown of DDX3 impaired SG formation and led to a decreased virus titer. Thus, we provided evidence that DDX3 is an antiviral protein during influenza virus infection and its antiviral activity is through regulation of SG formation. Our findings provide knowledge about the function of DDX3 in the influenza virus life cycle and information for future work on manipulating the SG pathway and its components to fight influenza virus infection.
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142
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Ding B, Qin Y, Chen M. Nucleocapsid proteins: roles beyond viral RNA packaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 7:213-26. [PMID: 26749541 PMCID: PMC7169677 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Viral nucleocapsid proteins (NCs) enwrap the RNA genomes of viruses to form NC–RNA complexes, which act as a template and are essential for viral replication and transcription. Beyond packaging viral RNA, NCs also play important roles in virus replication, transcription, assembly, and budding by interacting with viral and host cellular proteins. Additionally, NCs can inhibit interferon signaling response and function in cell stress response, such as inducing apoptosis. Finally, NCs can be the target of vaccines, benefiting from their conserved gene sequences. Here, we summarize important findings regarding the additional functions of NCs as much more than structural RNA‐binding proteins, with specific emphasis on (1) their association with the viral life cycle, (2) their association with host cells, and (3) as ideal candidates for vaccine development. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:213–226. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1326 This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications Translation > Translation Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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143
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Levina AS, Repkova MN, Bessudnova EV, Filippova EI, Mazurkova NA, Zarytova VF. High antiviral effect of TiO 2·PL-DNA nanocomposites targeted to conservative regions of (-)RNA and (+)RNA of influenza A virus in cell culture. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:1166-1173. [PMID: 27826491 PMCID: PMC5082348 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: The development of new antiviral drugs based on nucleic acids is under scrutiny. An important problem in this aspect is to find the most vulnerable conservative regions in the viral genome as targets for the action of these agents. Another challenge is the development of an efficient system for their delivery into cells. To solve this problem, we proposed a TiO2·PL-DNA nanocomposite consisting of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and polylysine (PL)-containing oligonucleotides. Results: The TiO2·PL-DNA nanocomposites bearing the DNA fragments targeted to different conservative regions of (-)RNA and (+)RNA of segment 5 of influenza A virus (IAV) were studied for their antiviral activity in MDCK cells infected with the H1N1, H5N1, and H3N2 virus subtypes. Within the negative strand of each of the studied strains, the efficiency of DNA fragments increased in the direction of its 3'-end. Thus, the DNA fragment aimed at the 3'-noncoding region of (-)RNA was the most efficient and inhibited the reproduction of different IAV subtypes by 3-4 orders of magnitude. Although to a lesser extent, the DNA fragments targeted at the AUG region of (+)RNA and the corresponding region of (-)RNA were also active. For all studied viral subtypes, the nanocomposites bearing the DNA fragments targeted to (-)RNA appeared to be more efficient than those containing fragments aimed at the corresponding (+)RNA regions. Conclusion: The proposed TiO2·PL-DNA nanocomposites can be successfully used for highly efficient and site-specific inhibition of influenza A virus of different subtypes. Some patterns of localization of the most vulnerable regions in IAV segment 5 for the action of DNA-based drugs were found. The (-)RNA strand of IAV segment 5 appeared to be more sensitive as compared to (+)RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya S Levina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrent’eva 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Marina N Repkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrent’eva 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elena V Bessudnova
- Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrent’eva 5, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Filippova
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
| | - Natalia A Mazurkova
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
| | - Valentina F Zarytova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrent’eva 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Niu S, Si L, Liu D, Zhou A, Zhang Z, Shao Z, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhou D, Lin W. Spiromastilactones: A new class of influenza virus inhibitors from deep-sea fungus. Eur J Med Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.037 pmid: 266869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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145
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Niu S, Si L, Liu D, Zhou A, Zhang Z, Shao Z, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhou D, Lin W. Spiromastilactones: A new class of influenza virus inhibitors from deep-sea fungus. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 108:229-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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146
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Mayank AK, Sharma S, Nailwal H, Lal SK. Nucleoprotein of influenza A virus negatively impacts antiapoptotic protein API5 to enhance E2F1-dependent apoptosis and virus replication. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e2018. [PMID: 26673663 PMCID: PMC4720893 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of host cells profoundly influences virus propagation and dissemination, events that are integral to influenza A virus (IAV) pathogenesis. The trigger for activation of apoptosis is regulated by an intricate interplay between cellular and viral proteins, with a strong bearing on IAV replication. Though the knowledge of viral proteins and mechanisms employed by IAV to induce apoptosis has advanced considerably of late, we know relatively little about the repertoire of host factors targeted by viral proteins. Thus, identification of cellular proteins that are hijacked by the virus will help us not only to understand the molecular underpinnings of IAV-induced apoptosis, but also to design future antiviral therapies. Here we show that the nucleoprotein (NP) of IAV directly interacts with and suppresses the expression of API5, a host antiapoptotic protein that antagonizes E2F1-dependent apoptosis. siRNA-mediated depletion of API5, in NP-overexpressed as well as IAV-infected cells, leads to upregulation of apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF1), a downstream modulator of E2F1-mediated apoptosis, and cleavage of caspases 9 and 3, although a reciprocal pattern of these events was observed on ectopic overexpression of API5. In concordance with these observations, annexin V and 7AAD staining assays exhibit downregulation of early and late apoptosis in IAV-infected or NP-transfected cells on overexpression of API5. Most significantly, while overexpression of API5 decreases viral titers, cellular NP protein as well as mRNA levels in IAV-infected A549 cells, silencing of API5 expression causes a steep rise in the same parameters. From the data reported in this manuscript, we propose a proapoptotic role for NP in IAV pathogenesis, whereby it suppresses expression of antiapoptotic factor API5, thus potentiating the E2F1-dependent apoptotic pathway and ensuring viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mayank
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - S Sharma
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - H Nailwal
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor DE 47500, Malaysia
| | - S K Lal
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor DE 47500, Malaysia
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147
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Monod A, Swale C, Tarus B, Tissot A, Delmas B, Ruigrok RW, Crépin T, Slama-Schwok A. Learning from structure-based drug design and new antivirals targeting the ribonucleoprotein complex for the treatment of influenza. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:345-71. [PMID: 25792362 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1019859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza viruses are a threat to human health. There are presently only two methods for treating influenza: vaccines, which require yearly updates, and two classes of antivirals that suffer with the problem of resistance by current human influenza viruses; this is especially the case with amantadine and rimantadine. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the development of new antivirals with new mechanisms of action. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors focus on viral protein domains, their associated activity and their inhibition by small molecules defined by a structure-based design with a special emphasis on the ribonucleoprotein complex and its inhibitors. Several new classes of antiviral candidates targeting viral replication through individual domains of the polymerase and the nucleoprotein (NP) have been developed through structure-based design. EXPERT OPINION To date, the antivirals targeting neuraminidase are by far the most developed and potent. Antiviral candidates targeting the NP and polymerase domains are in the pipeline but their pharmacokinetics needs further studies. The recently published structures of the polymerase expand the possibilities for development of new antivirals. Combination therapies targeting conserved viral targets and new cellular proteins or exploiting drug promiscuity hold promises to fight against the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Monod
- University of Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions , 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble , France
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148
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Heldt FS, Kupke SY, Dorl S, Reichl U, Frensing T. Single-cell analysis and stochastic modelling unveil large cell-to-cell variability in influenza A virus infection. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8938. [PMID: 26586423 PMCID: PMC4673863 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical reactions are subject to stochastic fluctuations that can give rise to cell-to-cell variability. Yet, how this variability affects viral infections, which themselves involve noisy reactions, remains largely elusive. Here we present single-cell experiments and stochastic simulations that reveal a large heterogeneity between influenza A virus (IAV)-infected cells. In particular, experimental data show that progeny virus titres range from 1 to 970 plaque-forming units and intracellular viral RNA (vRNA) levels span three orders of magnitude. Moreover, the segmentation of IAV genomes seems to increase the susceptibility of their replication to noise, since the level of different genome segments can vary substantially within a cell. In addition, simulations suggest that the abortion of virus entry and random degradation of vRNAs can result in a large fraction of non-productive cells after single-hit infection. These results challenge current beliefs that cell population measurements and deterministic simulations are an accurate representation of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank S. Heldt
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Y. Kupke
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dorl
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitaetsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Timo Frensing
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitaetsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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149
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Fragile X mental retardation protein stimulates ribonucleoprotein assembly of influenza A virus. Nat Commun 2015; 5:3259. [PMID: 24514761 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ribonucleoprotein (RNP) of the influenza A virus is responsible for the transcription and replication of viral RNA in the nucleus. These processes require interplay between host factors and RNP components. Here, we report that the Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) targets influenza virus RNA synthesis machinery and facilitates virus replication both in cell culture and in mice. We demonstrate that FMRP transiently associates with viral RNP and stimulates viral RNP assembly through RNA-mediated interaction with the nucleoprotein. Furthermore, the KH2 domain of FMRP mediates its association with the nucleoprotein. A point mutation (I304N) in the KH2 domain, identified from a Fragile X syndrome patient, disrupts the FMRP-nucleoprotein association and abolishes the ability of FMRP to participate in viral RNP assembly. We conclude that FMRP is a critical host factor used by influenza viruses to facilitate viral RNP assembly. Our observation reveals a mechanism of influenza virus RNA synthesis and provides insights into FMRP functions.
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150
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Proteomics Analysis of Cellular Proteins Co-Immunoprecipitated with Nucleoprotein of Influenza A Virus (H7N9). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25982-98. [PMID: 26528969 PMCID: PMC4661793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A viruses are serious veterinary pathogens that normally circulate among avian populations, causing substantial economic impacts. Some strains of avian influenza A viruses, such as H5N1, H9N2, and recently reported H7N9, have been occasionally found to adapt to humans from other species. In order to replicate efficiently in the new host, influenza viruses have to interact with a variety of host factors. In the present study, H7N9 nucleoprotein was transfected into human HEK293T cells, followed by immunoprecipitated and analyzed by proteomics approaches. A series of host proteins co-immunoprecipitated were identified with high confidence, some of which were found to be acetylated at their lysine residues. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that spliceosome might be the most relevant pathway involved in host response to nucleoprotein expression, increasing our emerging knowledge of host proteins that might be involved in influenza virus replication activities.
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