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da Cunha BR, Domingos C, Stefanini ACB, Henrique T, Polachini GM, Castelo-Branco P, Tajara EH. Cellular Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment: The Role of Secretome. J Cancer 2019; 10:4574-4587. [PMID: 31528221 PMCID: PMC6746126 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, it has become evident that cancer initiation and progression depends on several components of the tumor microenvironment, including inflammatory and immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, adipocytes, and extracellular matrix. These components of the tumor microenvironment and the neoplastic cells interact with each other providing pro and antitumor signals. The tumor-stroma communication occurs directly between cells or via a variety of molecules secreted, such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and microRNAs. This secretome, which derives not only from tumor cells but also from cancer-associated stromal cells, is an important source of key regulators of the tumorigenic process. Their screening and characterization could provide useful biomarkers to improve cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rodrigues da Cunha
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Célia Domingos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Buzzo Stefanini
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Mussi Polachini
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Eloiza Helena Tajara
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Arozarena I, Wellbrock C. Phenotype plasticity as enabler of melanoma progression and therapy resistance. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:377-391. [PMID: 31209265 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is notorious for its inter- and intratumour heterogeneity, based on transcriptionally distinct melanoma cell phenotypes. It is thought that these distinct phenotypes are plastic in nature and that their transcriptional reprogramming enables heterogeneous tumours both to undergo different stages of melanoma progression and to adjust to drug exposure during treatment. Recent advances in genomic technologies and the rapidly expanding availability of large gene expression datasets have allowed for a refined definition of the gene signatures that characterize these phenotypes and have revealed that phenotype plasticity plays a major role in the resistance to both targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In this Review we discuss the definition of melanoma phenotypes through particular transcriptional states and reveal the prognostic relevance of the related gene expression signatures. We review how the establishment of phenotypes is controlled and which roles phenotype plasticity plays in melanoma development and therapy. Because phenotype plasticity in melanoma bears a great resemblance to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the lessons learned from melanoma will also benefit our understanding of other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanol Arozarena
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Claudia Wellbrock
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Abstract
In this review, Goding and Arnheiter present the current understanding of MITF's role and regulation in development and disease and highlight key areas where our knowledge of MITF regulation and function is limited. All transcription factors are equal, but some are more equal than others. In the 25 yr since the gene encoding the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was first isolated, MITF has emerged as a key coordinator of many aspects of melanocyte and melanoma biology. Like all transcription factors, MITF binds to specific DNA sequences and up-regulates or down-regulates its target genes. What marks MITF as being remarkable among its peers is the sheer range of biological processes that it appears to coordinate. These include cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, invasion, senescence, metabolism, and DNA damage repair. In this article we present our current understanding of MITF's role and regulation in development and disease, as well as those of the MITF-related factors TFEB and TFE3, and highlight key areas where our knowledge of MITF regulation and function is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Arnheiter
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Heath, Bethesda, Maryland 20824, USA
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104
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PARP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer: The Route to "Ithaca". Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9020055. [PMID: 31109041 PMCID: PMC6627688 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are a novel class of therapeutic agents that target tumors with deficiencies in the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway. Genomic instability characterizes high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), with one half of all tumors displaying defects in the important DNA repair pathway of homologous recombination. Early studies have shown significant efficacy for PARP inhibitors in patients with germline breast related cancer antigens 1 and 2 (BRCA1/2) mutations. It has also become evident that BRCA wild-type patients with other defects in the homologous recombination repair pathway benefit from this treatment. Companion homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores are being developed to guide the selection of patients that are most likely to benefit from PARP inhibition. The choice of which PARP inhibitor is mainly based upon the number of prior therapies and the presence of a BRCA mutation or HRD. The identification of patients most likely to benefit from PARP inhibitor therapy in view of HRD and other biomarker assessments is still challenging. The aim of this review is to describe the current evidence for PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer, their mechanism of action, and the outstanding issues, including the rate of long-term toxicities and the evolution of resistance.
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105
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Abstract
Cellular senescence, a permanent state of cell cycle arrest, is believed to have originally evolved to limit the proliferation of old or damaged cells. However, it has been recently shown that cellular senescence is a physiological and pathological program contributing to embryogenesis, immune response, and wound repair, as well as aging and age-related diseases. Unlike replicative senescence associated with telomere attrition, premature senescence rapidly occurs in response to various intrinsic and extrinsic insults. Thus, cellular senescence has also been considered suppressive mechanism of tumorigenesis. Current studies have revealed that therapy-induced senescence (TIS), a type of senescence caused by traditional cancer therapy, could play a critical role in cancer treatment. In this review, we outline the key features and the molecular pathways of cellular senescence. Better understanding of cellular senescence will provide insights into the development of powerful strategies to control cellular senescence for therapeutic benefit. Lastly, we discuss existing strategies for the induction of cancer cell senescence to improve efficacy of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongju Lee
- Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, and Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, and Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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106
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Thymine DNA glycosylase as a novel target for melanoma. Oncogene 2019; 38:3710-3728. [PMID: 30674989 PMCID: PMC6563616 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive neoplasm with increasing incidence that is classified by the NCI as a recalcitrant cancer, i.e., a cancer with poor prognosis, lacking progress in diagnosis and treatment. In addition to conventional therapy, melanoma treatment is currently based on targeting the BRAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and immune checkpoints. As drug resistance remains a major obstacle to treatment success, advanced therapeutic approaches based on novel targets are still urgently needed. We reasoned that the base excision repair enzyme thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) could be such a target for its dual role in safeguarding the genome and the epigenome, by performing the last of the multiple steps in DNA demethylation. Here we show that TDG knockdown in melanoma cell lines causes cell cycle arrest, senescence, and death by mitotic alterations; alters the transcriptome and methylome; and impairs xenograft tumor formation. Importantly, untransformed melanocytes are minimally affected by TDG knockdown, and adult mice with conditional knockout of Tdg are viable. Candidate TDG inhibitors, identified through a high-throughput fluorescence-based screen, reduced viability and clonogenic capacity of melanoma cell lines and increased cellular levels of 5-carboxylcytosine, the last intermediate in DNA demethylation, indicating successful on-target activity. These findings suggest that TDG may provide critical functions specific to cancer cells that make it a highly suitable anti-melanoma drug target. By potentially disrupting both DNA repair and the epigenetic state, targeting TDG may represent a completely new approach to melanoma therapy.
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Bertolotto C, Ohanna M, Ballotti R. [Key role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and NAD metabolism in the transition of melanoma cells to an invasive and drug-resistant phenotype]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 34:1025-1028. [PMID: 30623759 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2018283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corine Bertolotto
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, 151, route Saint Antoine de Ginestière, 06204 Nice, France - Inserm, U1065, Biology and pathologies of melanocytes. Équipe labellisée ARC 2015, Nice, France
| | - Mickaël Ohanna
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, 151, route Saint Antoine de Ginestière, 06204 Nice, France - Inserm, U1065, Biology and pathologies of melanocytes. Équipe labellisée ARC 2015, Nice, France
| | - Robert Ballotti
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, 151, route Saint Antoine de Ginestière, 06204 Nice, France - Inserm, U1065, Biology and pathologies of melanocytes. Équipe labellisée ARC 2015, Nice, France
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108
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The dynamic nature of senescence in cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:94-101. [PMID: 30602768 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is implicated in physiological and pathological processes spanning development, wound healing, age-related decline in organ functions and cancer. Here, we discuss cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous properties of senescence in the context of tumour formation and anticancer therapy, and characterize these properties, such as reprogramming into stemness, tissue remodelling and immune crosstalk, as far more dynamic than suggested by the common view of senescence as an irreversible, static condition.
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109
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Bertschmann J, Thalappilly S, Riabowol K. The ING1a model of rapid cell senescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 177:109-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Shan H, Li T, Zhang L, Yang R, Li Y, Zhang M, Dong Y, Zhou Y, Xu C, Yang B, Liang H, Gao X, Shan H. Heme oxygenase-1 prevents heart against myocardial infarction by attenuating ischemic injury-induced cardiomyocytes senescence. EBioMedicine 2018; 39:59-68. [PMID: 30527623 PMCID: PMC6355645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular senescence is a stable cell-cycle arrest induced by telomere shortening and various types of cellular stress including oxidative stress, oncogene activation, DNA damage etc. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible stress-response protein that plays antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of HO-1 in cellular senescence in heart are largely unknown. Methods Echocardiography was employed to detect the effect of HO-1 on heart function in adult mice with myocardial infarction (MI) and aged mice. The senescence markers, p53, p16 and LaminB, were analyzed by western blot. The immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining were applied to analyze the expression level of p16. SA-β-Gal staining showed the level of cardiomyocyte senescence. Findings We found that hemin significantly induced the expression of HO-1, which notably suppressed cardiomyocyte senescence containing the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Further studies showed that systemic HO-1 transgenic overexpression improved heart function by inhibiting aging-induced extracellular matrix deposition and fibrogenesis. More importantly, treatment of hemin improved heart function in MI mice. Furthermore, forced expression of HO-1 blunted cardiomyocyte senescence in natural aged mice and in primary cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Interpretation Our study revealed that HO-1 improved heart function and attenuated cardiomyocyte senescence triggered by ischemic injury and aging. In addition, HO-1 induction alleviated H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte senescence. Finally, our study suggested a novel mechanism of HO-1 to play cardioprotective effect. Fund This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81770284 to Hongli Shan); and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673425, 81872863 to Yuhong Zhou). The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81473213 to Chaoqian Xu). National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1307403 to Baofeng Yang), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81730012 to Baofeng Yang).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huitong Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Lijia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Yuechao Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Chaoqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Haihai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China.
| | - Xu Gao
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Hongli Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China.
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Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF) Regulates Immune Cell Migration into Melanoma. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:350-360. [PMID: 30502589 PMCID: PMC6290759 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a key transcription factor in melanoma development and progression. MITF amplification and downregulation have been observed in a significant proportion of melanoma patients and correlate with clinical outcomes. Here, we have investigated the effect of MITF on melanoma chemokine expression and immune cell attraction. In B16F10 melanoma cells, MITF knockdown reduced expression of CXCL10, with concomitantly decreased attraction of immune cells and accelerated tumor outgrowth. Conversely, overexpression of MITF in YUMM1.1 melanoma cells also led to an increased immune cell attraction in vitro. Subcutaneous YUMM1.1 melanomas overexpressing MITF however showed a reduced immune infiltration of lymphocytes and an increased tumor growth. In human melanoma cell lines, silencing of MITF enhanced chemokine production and immune cell attraction, while overexpression of MITF led to lower immune cell attraction. In summary, our results show that MITF regulates chemokine expression in murine and in human melanoma cells, and affects in vivo immune cell attraction and tumor growth. These results reveal a functional relationship between MITF and immune cell infiltration, which may be exploited for cancer therapy.
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112
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Cordisco S, Tinaburri L, Teson M, Orioli D, Cardin R, Degan P, Stefanini M, Zambruno G, Guerra L, Dellambra E. Cockayne Syndrome Type A Protein Protects Primary Human Keratinocytes from Senescence. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:38-50. [PMID: 30009828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defects in Cockayne syndrome type A (CSA), a gene involved in nucleotide excision repair, cause an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by growth failure, progressive neurological dysfunction, premature aging, and skin photosensitivity and atrophy. Beyond its role in DNA repair, the CSA protein has additional functions in transcription and oxidative stress response, which are not yet fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of CSA protein in primary human keratinocyte senescence. Primary keratinocytes from three patients with CS-A displayed premature aging features, namely premature clonal conversion, high steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species and 8-OH-hydroxyguanine, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Stable transduction of CS-A keratinocytes with the wild-type CSA gene restored the normal cellular sensitivity to UV irradiation and normal 8-OH-hydroxyguanine levels. Gene correction was also characterized by proper restoration of keratinocyte clonogenic capacity and expression of clonal conversion key regulators (p16 and p63), decreased NF-κB activity and, in turn, the expression of its targets (NOX1 and MnSOD), and the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype mediators. Overall, the CSA protein plays an important role in protecting cells from senescence by facilitating DNA damage processing, maintaining physiological redox status and keratinocyte clonogenic ability, and reducing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype-mediated inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cordisco
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Tinaburri
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Teson
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Romilda Cardin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Liliana Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Dellambra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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113
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Lysosomal acid ceramidase ASAH1 controls the transition between invasive and proliferative phenotype in melanoma cells. Oncogene 2018; 38:1282-1295. [PMID: 30254208 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity and subsequent generation of intratumoral heterogeneity underly key traits in malignant melanoma such as drug resistance and metastasis. Melanoma plasticity promotes a switch between proliferative and invasive phenotypes characterized by different transcriptional programs of which MITF is a critical regulator. Here, we show that the acid ceramidase ASAH1, which controls sphingolipid metabolism, acted as a rheostat of the phenotypic switch in melanoma cells. Low ASAH1 expression was associated with an invasive behavior mediated by activation of the integrin alphavbeta5-FAK signaling cascade. In line with that, human melanoma biopsies revealed heterogeneous staining of ASAH1 and low ASAH1 expression at the melanoma invasive front. We also identified ASAH1 as a new target of MITF, thereby involving MITF in the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Together, our findings provide new cues to the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells and identify new anti-metastatic targets.
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114
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BRAF inhibition causes resilience of melanoma cell lines by inducing the secretion of FGF1. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:71. [PMID: 30237393 PMCID: PMC6147791 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of all melanoma patients harbour activating mutations in the serine/threonine kinase BRAF. This is the basis for one of the main treatment strategies for this tumor type, the targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. While the initial responsiveness to these drugs is high, resistance develops after several months, frequently at sites of the previously responding tumor. This indicates that tumor response is incomplete and that a certain tumor fraction survives even in drug-sensitive patients, e.g., in a therapy-induced senescence-like state. Here, we show in several melanoma cell lines that BRAF inhibition induces a secretome with stimulating effect on fibroblasts and naive melanoma cells. Several senescence-associated factors were found to be transcribed and secreted in response to BRAF or MEK inhibition, among them members of the fibroblast growth factor family. We identified the growth factor FGF1 as mediator of resilience towards BRAF inhibition, which limits the pro-apoptotic effects of the drug and activates fibroblasts to secrete HGF. FGF1 regulation was mediated by the PI3K pathway and by FRA1, a direct target gene of the MAPK pathway. When FGFR inhibitors were applied in parallel to BRAF inhibitors, resilience was broken, thus providing a rationale for combined therapeutical application.
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115
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Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cellular program that prevents the proliferation of cells at risk of neoplastic transformation. On the other hand, age-related accumulation of senescent cells promotes aging at least partially due to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, whereby cells secrete high levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases. Emerging evidence, however, indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of the effects of senescent cells on their microenvironment. Senescent cells secrete more EphA2 and DNA via EVs, which can promote cancer cell proliferation and inflammation, respectively. Extracellular vesicles secreted from DNA-damaged cells can also affect telomere regulation. Furthermore, it has now become clear that EVs actually play important roles in many aspects of aging. This review is intended to summarize these recent progresses, with emphasis on relationships between cellular senescence and EVs.
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116
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Takahashi A, Loo TM, Okada R, Kamachi F, Watanabe Y, Wakita M, Watanabe S, Kawamoto S, Miyata K, Barber GN, Ohtani N, Hara E. Downregulation of cytoplasmic DNases is implicated in cytoplasmic DNA accumulation and SASP in senescent cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1249. [PMID: 29593264 PMCID: PMC5871854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contributes to many aspects of physiology and disease. Thus, controlling the SASP will have tremendous impacts on our health. However, our understanding of SASP regulation is far from complete. Here, we show that cytoplasmic accumulation of nuclear DNA plays key roles in the onset of SASP. Although both DNase2 and TREX1 rapidly remove the cytoplasmic DNA fragments emanating from the nucleus in pre-senescent cells, the expression of these DNases is downregulated in senescent cells, resulting in the cytoplasmic accumulation of nuclear DNA. This causes the aberrant activation of cGAS-STING cytoplasmic DNA sensors, provoking SASP through induction of interferon-β. Notably, the blockage of this pathway prevents SASP in senescent hepatic stellate cells, accompanied by a decline of obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma development in mice. These findings provide valuable new insights into the roles and mechanisms of SASP and possibilities for their control. Activation of DNA damage response induces the acquisition of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in senescent cells, but precise mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that the cytoplasmic accumulation of nuclear DNA activated cytoplasmic DNA sensors to provoke SASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Takahashi
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.,PRESTO, JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tze Mun Loo
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.,Faculty of Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Okada
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kamachi
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wakita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sugiko Watanabe
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shimpei Kawamoto
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Miyata
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Glen N Barber
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Naoko Ohtani
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Eiji Hara
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan. .,Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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117
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Ohanna M, Cerezo M, Nottet N, Bille K, Didier R, Beranger G, Mograbi B, Rocchi S, Yvan-Charvet L, Ballotti R, Bertolotto C. Pivotal role of NAMPT in the switch of melanoma cells toward an invasive and drug-resistant phenotype. Genes Dev 2018; 32:448-461. [PMID: 29567766 PMCID: PMC5900716 DOI: 10.1101/gad.305854.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In BRAFV600E melanoma cells, a global metabolomic analysis discloses a decrease in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels upon PLX4032 treatment that is conveyed by a STAT5 inhibition and a transcriptional regulation of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) gene. NAMPT inhibition decreases melanoma cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, while forced NAMPT expression renders melanoma cells resistant to PLX4032. NAMPT expression induces transcriptomic and epigenetic reshufflings that steer melanoma cells toward an invasive phenotype associated with resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Therefore, NAMPT, the key enzyme in the NAD+ salvage pathway, appears as a rational target in targeted therapy-resistant melanoma cells and a key player in phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Ohanna
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Mickaël Cerezo
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Nottet
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Karine Bille
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Robin Didier
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Beranger
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- U1081, INSERM, Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), Equipe Labellisée ARC, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, UMR7284, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 06107 Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- U1065, INSERM, Team ATIP-Avenir, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Robert Ballotti
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
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118
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Hernandez-Segura A, Nehme J, Demaria M. Hallmarks of Cellular Senescence. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:436-453. [PMID: 29477613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1369] [Impact Index Per Article: 228.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that promotes tissue remodeling during development and after injury, but can also contribute to the decline of the regenerative potential and function of tissues, to inflammation, and to tumorigenesis in aged organisms. Therefore, the identification, characterization, and pharmacological elimination of senescent cells have gained attention in the field of aging research. However, the nonspecificity of current senescence markers and the existence of different senescence programs strongly limit these tasks. Here, we describe the molecular regulators of senescence phenotypes and how they are used for identifying senescent cells in vitro and in vivo. We also highlight the importance that these levels of regulations have in the development of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Hernandez-Segura
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jamil Nehme
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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119
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Senescence-associated secretory factors induced by cisplatin in melanoma cells promote non-senescent melanoma cell growth through activation of the ERK1/2-RSK1 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:260. [PMID: 29449532 PMCID: PMC5833767 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although targeted therapy and immunotherapy greatly improve the outcome of melanoma, drug resistance and low response rates still maintain the unsubstitutability of traditional chemotherapy. Cisplatin (CDDP) is widely used in different types of tumours with high response rates, but it generally has low efficiency in melanoma. The mechanisms underpinning the phenomena are not sufficiently understood. Here we demonstrated that various melanoma cell lines adopted senescence phenotype after CDDP treatment in contrast to the other types of tumour cells. CDDP treatment induced melanoma A375 cells into senescence through the sequential activation of the DNA damage response and the P53/P21 pathway. All the senescent melanoma cells induced by CDDP alone or the combination of CDDP and dacarbazine developed robust senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), that is, the secretion of multiple cytokines. IL-1α was an early component and an upstream regulator of SASP. Similarly, CDDP either alone or combined with dacarbazine could induce melanoma cell senescence and SASP in either A375 or B16F10 melanoma xenograft mice. The supernatant of senescent A375 cells promoted the growth of normal non-senescent A375 cells and enhanced their expression and secretion of IL-8 through the activation of the ERK1/2-RSK1 pathway. The transplantation of non-senescent and senescent A375 cells together into nude mice showed accelerated tumour growth compared with transplanting non-senescent cells alone; no tumours developed when transplanting senescent cells alone. Following CDDP administration in A375-bearing mice, the intratumour injection of neutralisation antibodies targeting the SASP factors IL-1α or IL-8 evidently delayed tumour growth. The results suggest that the CDDP-induced senescent melanoma cells promote non-senescent cells proliferation through the activation of ERK1/2-RSK1 pathway by the SASP factors. Cell senescence and concomitant SASP may be the particular mechanisms for melanoma to resist chemotherapeutics.
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120
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di Martino S, Amoreo CA, Nuvoli B, Galati R, Strano S, Facciolo F, Alessandrini G, Pass HI, Ciliberto G, Blandino G, De Maria R, Cioce M. HSP90 inhibition alters the chemotherapy-driven rearrangement of the oncogenic secretome. Oncogene 2018; 37:1369-1385. [PMID: 29311642 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive resistance to therapy is a hallmark of cancer progression. To date, it is not entirely clear how microenvironmental stimuli would mediate emergence of therapy-resistant cell subpopulations, although a rearrangement of the cancer cell secretome following therapy-induced stress can be pivotal for such a process. Here, by using the highly chemoresistant malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) as an experimental model, we unveiled a key contribution of the chaperone HSP90 at assisting a chemotherapy-instigated Senescence-Associated-Secretory-Phenotype (SASP). Thus, administration of a clinical trial grade, HSP90, inhibitor blunted the release of several cytokines by the chemotherapy-treated MPM cells, including interleukin (IL)-8. Reduction of IL-8 levels hampered the FAK-AKT signaling and inhibited 3D growth and migration. This correlated with downregulation of key EMT and chemoresistance genes and affected the survival of chemoresistant ALDHbright cell subpopulations. Altogether, inhibition of HSP90 provoked a switch from a pro-tumorigenic SASP to a pro-apoptotic senescence status, thus resulting in chemosensitizing effects. In mouse xenografts treated with first-line agents, inhibiting HSP90 blunted FAK activation and reduced the expression of ALDH1A3 and the levels of circulating human IL-8, these latter strongly correlating with the effect on tumor growth. We validated the above findings in primary mesothelioma cultures, a more clinically relevant model. We unveiled here a key contribution of the chaperone HSP90 at assisting the secretory stress in chemotherapy-treated cells, which may warrant further investigation in combinatorial therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona di Martino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Nuvoli
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Galati
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Molecular Chemoprevention Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Facciolo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Harvey I Pass
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. .,Current address: Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University and Gemelli Polyclinic, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Cioce
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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121
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Borodkina AV, Deryabin PI, Giukova AA, Nikolsky NN. "Social Life" of Senescent Cells: What Is SASP and Why Study It? Acta Naturae 2018; 10:4-14. [PMID: 29713514 PMCID: PMC5916729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence was first described as a failure of normal human cells to divide indefinitely in culture. Until recently, the emphasis in the study of cell senescence has been focused on the accompanying intracellular processes. The focus of the attention has been on the irreversible growth arrest and two important physiological functions that rely on it: suppression of carcinogenesis due to the proliferation loss of damaged cells, and the acceleration of organism aging due to the deterioration of the tissue repair mechanism with age. However, the advances of the past years have revealed that senescent cells can impact the surrounding tissue microenvironment, and, thus, that the main consequences of senescence are not solely mediated by intracellular alterations. Recent studies have provided evidence that a pool of molecules secreted by senescent cells, including cytokines, chemokines, proteases and growth factors, termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), via autocrine/paracrine pathways can affect neighboring cells. Today it is clear that SASP functionally links cell senescence to various biological processes, such as tissue regeneration and remodeling, embryonic development, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. The present article aims to describe the "social" life of senescent cells: basically, SASP constitution, molecular mechanisms of its regulation, and its functional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Borodkina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - P. I. Deryabin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - A. A. Giukova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - N. N. Nikolsky
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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122
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Abstract
Metformin is the most common biguanide used in the treatment of diabetes, with 120 million treated patients worldwide. Metformin decreases hyperglycemia without inducing hypoglycemia in diabetic patients and is very well tolerated. The principal effects of metformin are to decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and increase glucose absorption by skeletal muscles. These effects are primarily due to metformin's action on mitochondria, which requires the activation of metabolic checkpoint AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is implicated in several pathways, and following metformin activation, it decreases protein synthesis and cell proliferation. Many studies have examined the role of metformin in the regulation of cancer cells, particularly its effects on cancer cell proliferation and cell death. Encouraging results have been obtained in different types of cancers, including prostate, breast, lung, and skin cancers (melanoma). Furthermore, many retrospective epidemiological studies in diabetes patients have shown that metformin treatment decreased the risk of cancers compared with other antidiabetic treatments. In this review, we will discuss the effects of metformin on melanoma cells. Together, our novel data demonstrate the importance of developing metformin and new biguanide-derived compounds as potential treatments against a number of different cancers, particularly melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Jaune
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Stéphane Rocchi
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123
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Abbadie C, Pluquet O, Pourtier A. Epithelial cell senescence: an adaptive response to pre-carcinogenic stresses? Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4471-4509. [PMID: 28707011 PMCID: PMC11107641 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a cell state occurring in vitro and in vivo after successive replication cycles and/or upon exposition to various stressors. It is characterized by a strong cell cycle arrest associated with several molecular, metabolic and morphologic changes. The accumulation of senescent cells in tissues and organs with time plays a role in organismal aging and in several age-associated disorders and pathologies. Moreover, several therapeutic interventions are able to prematurely induce senescence. It is, therefore, tremendously important to characterize in-depth, the mechanisms by which senescence is induced, as well as the precise properties of senescent cells. For historical reasons, senescence is often studied with fibroblast models. Other cell types, however, much more relevant regarding the structure and function of vital organs and/or regarding pathologies, are regrettably often neglected. In this article, we will clarify what is known on senescence of epithelial cells and highlight what distinguishes it from, and what makes it like, replicative senescence of fibroblasts taken as a standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Abbadie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Olivier Pluquet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Albin Pourtier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
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124
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Mazzucco AE, Smogorzewska A, Kang C, Luo J, Schlabach MR, Xu Q, Patel R, Elledge SJ. Genetic interrogation of replicative senescence uncovers a dual role for USP28 in coordinating the p53 and GATA4 branches of the senescence program. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1933-1938. [PMID: 29089421 PMCID: PMC5710139 DOI: 10.1101/gad.304857.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Mazzucco et al. describe a panel of genetic screens to identify genes required for replicative senescence and uncover a role in senescence for the potent tumor suppressor and ATM substrate USP28. Their findings suggest a role for ubiquitination in senescence and imply a common node downstream from ATM that links the TP53 and GATA4 branches of the senescence response. Senescence is a terminal differentiation program that halts the growth of damaged cells and must be circumvented for cancer to arise. Here we describe a panel of genetic screens to identify genes required for replicative senescence. We uncover a role in senescence for the potent tumor suppressor and ATM substrate USP28. USP28 controls activation of both the TP53 branch and the GATA4/NFkB branch that controls the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These results suggest a role for ubiquitination in senescence and imply a common node downstream from ATM that links the TP53 and GATA4 branches of the senescence response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Mazzucco
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Agata Smogorzewska
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Chanhee Kang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji Luo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michael R Schlabach
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,KSQ Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Qikai Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Rupesh Patel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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125
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Abstract
Inhibition of the BRAF/MAPK pathway belongs to the standard therapies for patients with activating BRAFV600E/K mutations. However, even in well-responding tumors, anti-tumorigenic effect and clinical benefit are only transient, and the original tumors often relapse. This demonstrates that there are remaining residual tumors, which have withstood therapy-induced apoptosis and which have the potential to resume growth. Although BRAF mutant melanoma cells seem to depend on BRAF/MAPK signaling, the inhibition of this pathway triggers several events, which modulate the tumor as well as the tumor niche. After a certain adaptation period, this can turn out to be beneficial for tumor growth and metastasis-even in cases of good initial tumor response. This review sheds light on the biology of BRAF/MEK inhibitor-sensitive melanoma cells, which survive targeted therapy and will address the crosstalk signaling events occurring in BRAF mutant melanomas when the BRAF/MAPK pathway is fully blocked. The knowledge of these events is important for potential future drug combinations, which enhance the inhibitory effect of BRAF/MEK inhibition, particularly in patients not eligible for immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Meierjohann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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126
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Epigenetic regulation in cell senescence. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1257-1268. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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127
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Pathways from senescence to melanoma: focus on MITF sumoylation. Oncogene 2017; 36:6659-6667. [PMID: 28825724 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a deadly skin cancer that originates from melanocytes. The development of cutaneous melanoma involves a complex interaction between environmental factors, mainly ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, and genetic alterations. Melanoma can also occur from a pre-existing nevus, a benign lesion formed from melanocytes harboring oncogenic mutations that trigger proliferative arrest and senescence entry. Senescence is a potent barrier against tumor progression. As such, the acquisition of mutations that suppress senescence and promote cell division is mandatory for cancer development. This topic appears central to melanoma development because, in humans, several somatic and germline mutations are related to the control of cellular senescence and proliferative activity. Consequently, primary melanoma can be viewed as a paradigm of senescence evasion. In support of this notion, a sumoylation-defective germline mutation in microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a master regulator of melanocyte homeostasis, is associated with the development of melanoma. Interestingly, this MITF variant has also been recently reported to negatively impact the program of senescence. This article reviews the genetic alterations that have been shown to be involved in melanoma and that alter the process of senescence to favor melanoma development. Then, the transcription factor MITF and its sumoylation-defective mutant are described. How sumoylation misregulation can change MITF activity and impact the process of senescence is discussed. Finally, the contribution of such information to the development of anti-malignant melanoma strategies is evaluated.
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128
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Capece D, Verzella D, Tessitore A, Alesse E, Capalbo C, Zazzeroni F. Cancer secretome and inflammation: The bright and the dark sides of NF-κB. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 78:51-61. [PMID: 28779979 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumour promoting inflammation is widely recognized as a hallmark of cancer. The source of this chronic inflammation in cancer has been ascribed to the progressive activation over time of immune cells, mostly of the innate arm of the immune system. However, recent evidence has shown that chronic inflammation may also derive, at least in part, from senescent cells. Hence, due to the prominent role of inflammation in cancer, the cancer secretome definition includes all the secretory factors ensuing from the crosstalk between the cancer cell and the tumour microenvironment. The mechanistic basis underlying the paracrine signalling between the cancer cell and the surrounding tumour microenvironment in malignancy have been widely investigated by using in vivo models of cancers, thus identifying the NF-κB transcription factor as the molecular hub linking inflammation and cancer. In this review, we highlight the roles of NF-κB in regulating the inflammation-derived secretome emanating from immune and senescent cells, with a special focus on the bright and the dark sides of their pro-inflammatory signalling on tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Daniela Verzella
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Alesse
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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Bonet C, Luciani F, Ottavi JF, Leclerc J, Jouenne FM, Boncompagni M, Bille K, Hofman V, Bossis G, Marco de Donatis G, Strub T, Cheli Y, Ohanna M, Luciano F, Marchetti S, Rocchi S, Birling MC, Avril MF, Poulalhon N, Luc T, Hofman P, Lacour JP, Davidson I, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Ballotti R, Marine JC, Bertolotto C. Deciphering the Role of Oncogenic MITFE318K in Senescence Delay and Melanoma Progression. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3071266. [PMID: 28376192 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MITF encodes an oncogenic lineage-specific transcription factor in which a germline mutation ( MITFE318K ) was identified in human patients predisposed to both nevus formation and, among other tumor types, melanoma. The molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenic activity of MITF E318K remained uncharacterized. Methods Here, we compared the SUMOylation status of endogenous MITF by proximity ligation assay in melanocytes isolated from wild-type (n = 3) or E318K (n = 4) MITF donors. We also used a newly generated Mitf E318K knock-in (KI) mouse model to assess the role of Mitf E318K (n = 7 to 13 mice per group) in tumor development in vivo and performed transcriptomic analysis of the tumors to identify the molecular mechanisms. Finally, using immortalized or normal melanocytes (wild-type or E318K MITF, n = 2 per group), we assessed the role of MITF E318K on the induction of senescence mediated by BRAF V600E . All statistical tests were two-sided. Results We demonstrated a decrease in endogenous MITF SUMOylation in melanocytes from MITF E318K patients (mean of cells with hypoSUMOylated MITF, MITF E318K vs MITF WT , 94% vs 44%, difference = 50%, 95% CI = 21.8% to 67.2%, P = .004). The Mitf E318K mice were slightly hypopigmented (mean melanin content Mitf WT vs Mitf E318K/+ , 0.54 arbitrary units [AU] vs 0.36 AU, difference = -0.18, 95% CI = -0.36 to -0.007, P = .04). We provided genetic evidence that Mitf E318K enhances BRaf V600E -induced nevus formation in vivo (mean nevus number for Mitf E318K , BRaf V600E vs Mitf WT , BRaf V600E , 68 vs 44, difference = 24, 95% CI = 9.1 to 38.9, P = .006). Importantly, although Mitf E318K was not sufficient to cooperate with BRaf V600E alone in promoting metastatic melanoma, it accelerated tumor formation on a BRaf V600E , Pten-deficient background (median survival, Mitf E318K/+ = 42 days, 95% CI = 31 to 46 vs Mitf WT = 51 days, 95% CI = 50 to 55, P < .001). Transcriptome analysis suggested a decrease in senescence in tumors from Mitf E318K mice. We confirmed this hypothesis by in vitro experiments, demonstrating that Mitf E318K impaired the ability of human melanocytes to undergo BRAF V600E -induced senescence. Conclusions We characterized the functions of melanoma-associated MITF E318K mutations. Our results demonstrate that MITF E318K reduces the program of senescence to potentially favor melanoma progression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bonet
- INSERM, U1065 (équipe 1), Equipe labélisée ARC 2016, C3M, Nice, France.,University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Flavie Luciani
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Ottavi
- INSERM, U1065 (équipe 1), Equipe labélisée ARC 2016, C3M, Nice, France.,University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Justine Leclerc
- INSERM, U1065 (équipe 1), Equipe labélisée ARC 2016, C3M, Nice, France.,University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| | | | - Marina Boncompagni
- INSERM, U1065 (équipe 1), Equipe labélisée ARC 2016, C3M, Nice, France.,University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Karine Bille
- INSERM, U1065 (équipe 1), Equipe labélisée ARC 2016, C3M, Nice, France.,University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Véronique Hofman
- University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France.,Inserm, ERI21/EA 4319, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Strub
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Yann Cheli
- INSERM, U1065 (équipe 1), Equipe labélisée ARC 2016, C3M, Nice, France.,University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Mickaël Ohanna
- INSERM, U1065 (équipe 1), Equipe labélisée ARC 2016, C3M, Nice, France.,University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Rocchi
- INSERM, U1065 (équipe 1), Equipe labélisée ARC 2016, C3M, Nice, France.,University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- INSERM, U1065 (équipe 1), Equipe labélisée ARC 2016, C3M, Nice, France.,Institut Clinique de la Souris-Mouse Clinical Institute, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Avril
- AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin -Tarnier, Service de Dermatologie et Faculté Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Poulalhon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Department of Dermatology, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Luc
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Department of Dermatology, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France.,Inserm, ERI21/EA 4319, Nice, France
| | | | - Irwin Davidson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Brigitte Bressac-de Paillerets
- Service de Génétique, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,INSERM U1186, Immunologie intégrative des tumeurs et génétique oncologique, Paris, France
| | - Robert Ballotti
- INSERM, U1065 (équipe 1), Equipe labélisée ARC 2016, C3M, Nice, France.,University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- INSERM, U1065 (équipe 1), Equipe labélisée ARC 2016, C3M, Nice, France.,University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
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130
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Low Dose of Doxorubicin Potentiates the Effect of Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4185-4194. [PMID: 28612256 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemotherapy as the main therapeutic strategy. Doxorubicin (DOX) is not used in gliomas due to its low bioavailability in the brain; however, new delivery strategies and low doses may be effective in the long term, especially as part of a drug cocktail. Our aim was to evaluate the chronic effects of low doses of DOX and TMZ in GBM. Human U87-ATCC cells and a primary GBM culture were chronically treated with TMZ (5 μM) and DOX (1 and 10 nM) alone or combined. DOX resulted in a reduction in the number of cells over a period of 35 days and delayed the cell regrowth. In addition, DOX induced cell senescence and reduced tumor sphere formation and the proportion of NANOG- and OCT4-positive cells after 7 days. Low doses of TMZ potentiated the effects of DOX on senescence and sphere formation. This combined response using low doses of DOX may pave the way for its use in glioma therapy, with new technologies to overcome its low blood-brain barrier permeability.
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131
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Young HL, Rowling EJ, Bugatti M, Giurisato E, Luheshi N, Arozarena I, Acosta JC, Kamarashev J, Frederick DT, Cooper ZA, Reuben A, Gil J, Flaherty KT, Wargo JA, Vermi W, Smith MP, Wellbrock C, Hurlstone A. An adaptive signaling network in melanoma inflammatory niches confers tolerance to MAPK signaling inhibition. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1691-1710. [PMID: 28450382 PMCID: PMC5460994 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway antagonists induce profound clinical responses in advanced cutaneous melanoma, but complete remissions are frustrated by the development of acquired resistance. Before resistance emerges, adaptive responses establish a mutation-independent drug tolerance. Antagonizing these adaptive responses could improve drug effects, thereby thwarting the emergence of acquired resistance. In this study, we reveal that inflammatory niches consisting of tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts contribute to treatment tolerance through a cytokine-signaling network that involves macrophage-derived IL-1β and fibroblast-derived CXCR2 ligands. Fibroblasts require IL-1β to produce CXCR2 ligands, and loss of host IL-1R signaling in vivo reduces melanoma growth. In tumors from patients on treatment, signaling from inflammatory niches is amplified in the presence of MAPK inhibitors. Signaling from inflammatory niches counteracts combined BRAF/MEK (MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase) inhibitor treatment, and consequently, inhibiting IL-1R or CXCR2 signaling in vivo enhanced the efficacy of MAPK inhibitors. We conclude that melanoma inflammatory niches adapt to and confer drug tolerance toward BRAF and MEK inhibitors early during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Young
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Studies, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Emily J Rowling
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Studies, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Studies, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nadia Luheshi
- Division of Oncology, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge CB21 6GH, England, UK
| | - Imanol Arozarena
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Studies, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Juan-Carlos Acosta
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK
| | - Jivko Kamarashev
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dennie T Frederick
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Zachary A Cooper
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jesus Gil
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, England, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, England, UK
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael P Smith
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Studies, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Claudia Wellbrock
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Studies, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Adam Hurlstone
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Studies, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
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Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM) derive from cutaneous and uveal melanocytes that share the same embryonic origin and display the same cellular function. However, the etiopathogenesis and biological behaviors of these melanomas are very different. CM and UM display distinct landscapes of genetic alterations and show different metastatic routes and tropisms. Hence, therapeutic improvements achieved in the last few years for the treatment of CM have failed to ameliorate the clinical outcomes of patients with UM. The scope of this review is to discuss the differences in tumorigenic processes (etiologic factors and genetic alterations) and tumor biology (gene expression and signaling pathways) between CM and UM. We develop hypotheses to explain these differences, which might provide important clues for research avenues and the identification of actionable vulnerabilities suitable for the development of new therapeutic strategies for metastatic UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Pandiani
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Guillaume E Béranger
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Justine Leclerc
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Robert Ballotti
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
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133
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Laurette P, Koludrovic D, Coassolo S, Davidson I. [Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in malignant melanoma]. Biol Aujourdhui 2017; 210:283-295. [PMID: 28327285 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2016028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with a propensity for early metastasis. Melanocyte transformation results predominantly from oncogenic mutations in BRAF, NRAS or NF1 leading to constitutive activation of the MAP kinase pathway driving cell proliferation and second site mutations such as loss of CDKN1A, or PTEN or activating mutations in the beta-catenin pathway that allow escape from oncogene induced senescence. Nevertheless, irrespective of the nature of the driver mutations, melanoma cell physiology is strongly regulated by transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms. MITF (Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor) and SOX10 are two major transcription factors that regulate both normal melanocyte and melanoma cell physiology. Using a combination of mouse genetics, biochemistry and high throughput genomics we have identified cofactors for MITF and addressed the mechanisms by which MITF, SOX10 and their cofactors regulate gene expression in melanocytes and melanoma.
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134
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Abstract
Post-translational protein modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), termed sumoylation, is an important mechanism in cellular responses to stress and one that appears to be upregulated in many cancers. Here, we examine the role of sumoylation in tumorigenesis as a possibly necessary safeguard that protects the stability and functionality of otherwise easily misregulated gene expression programmes and signalling pathways of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob-Sebastian Seeler
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue de Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Anne Dejean
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue de Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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135
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Hartman ML, Talar B, Sztiller-Sikorska M, Nejc D, Czyz M. Parthenolide induces MITF-M downregulation and senescence in patient-derived MITF-M(high) melanoma cell populations. Oncotarget 2016; 7:9026-40. [PMID: 26824319 PMCID: PMC4891023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the M isoform of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF-M) has been attributed to regulation of differentiation, proliferation, survival and senescence of melanoma cells. MITF expression was shown to be antagonized by the activation of transcription factor NF-κB. Parthenolide, an inhibitor of NF-κB, has not been yet reported to affect MITF-M expression. Our results obtained in patient-derived melanoma cell populations indicate that parthenolide efficiently decreases the MITF-M level. This is neither dependent on p65/NF-κB signaling nor RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activity as inhibition of MEK by GSK1120212 (trametinib) and induction of ERK1/2 activity by parthenolide itself do not interfere with parthenolide-triggered depletion of MITF-M in both wild-type BRAF and BRAFV600E melanoma populations. Parthenolide activity is not prevented by inhibitors of caspases, proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. As parthenolide reduces MITF-M transcript level and HDAC1 protein level, parthenolide-activated depletion of MITF-M protein may be considered as a result of transcriptional regulation, however, the influence of parthenolide on other elements of a dynamic control over MITF-M cannot be ruled out. Parthenolide induces diverse effects in melanoma cells, from death to senescence. The mode of the response to parthenolide is bound to the molecular characteristics of melanoma cells, particularly to the basal MITF-M expression level but other cell-autonomous differences such as NF-κB activity and MCL-1 level might also contribute. Our data suggest that parthenolide can be developed as a drug used in combination therapy against melanoma when simultaneous inhibition of MITF-M, NF-κB and HDAC1 is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz L Hartman
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Talar
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Nejc
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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136
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Bourseguin J, Bonet C, Renaud E, Pandiani C, Boncompagni M, Giuliano S, Pawlikowska P, Karmous-Benailly H, Ballotti R, Rosselli F, Bertolotto C. FANCD2 functions as a critical factor downstream of MiTF to maintain the proliferation and survival of melanoma cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36539. [PMID: 27827420 PMCID: PMC5101529 DOI: 10.1038/srep36539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins involved in genetic stability maintenance and safeguarding DNA replication act not only against cancer initiation but could also play a major role in sustaining cancer progression. Here, we report that the FANC pathway is highly expressed in metastatic melanoma harboring the oncogenic microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF). We show that MiTF downregulation in melanoma cells lowers the expression of several FANC genes and proteins. Moreover, we observe that, similarly to the consequence of MiTF downregulation, FANC pathway silencing alters proliferation, migration and senescence of human melanoma cells. We demonstrate that the FANC pathway acts downstream MiTF and establish the existence of an epistatic relationship between MiTF and the FANC pathway. Our findings point to a central role of the FANC pathway in cellular and chromosomal resistance to both DNA damage and targeted therapies in melanoma cells. Thus, the FANC pathway is a promising new therapeutic target in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bourseguin
- CNRS UMR 8200, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805 France.,Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, F-94805, France.,Equipe Labellisée "ARC", C3M, Nice, F-06204, France
| | - Caroline Bonet
- Equipe Labellisée "ARC", C3M, Nice, F-06204, France.,Inserm, U1065, Equipe 1, Biologie et pathologies des mélanocytes: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome, C3M, Nice, F-06204, France.,Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, F-06107, France
| | - Emilie Renaud
- CNRS UMR 8200, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805 France.,Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, F-94805, France.,Equipe Labellisée "ARC", C3M, Nice, F-06204, France
| | - Charlotte Pandiani
- Equipe Labellisée "ARC", C3M, Nice, F-06204, France.,Inserm, U1065, Equipe 1, Biologie et pathologies des mélanocytes: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome, C3M, Nice, F-06204, France.,Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, F-06107, France
| | - Marina Boncompagni
- Equipe Labellisée "ARC", C3M, Nice, F-06204, France.,Inserm, U1065, Equipe 1, Biologie et pathologies des mélanocytes: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome, C3M, Nice, F-06204, France.,Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, F-06107, France
| | - Sandy Giuliano
- Equipe Labellisée "ARC", C3M, Nice, F-06204, France.,Inserm, U1065, Equipe 1, Biologie et pathologies des mélanocytes: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome, C3M, Nice, F-06204, France.,Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, F-06107, France
| | - Patrycja Pawlikowska
- CNRS UMR 8200, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805 France.,Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, F-94805, France.,Equipe Labellisée "ARC", C3M, Nice, F-06204, France
| | | | - Robert Ballotti
- Equipe Labellisée "ARC", C3M, Nice, F-06204, France.,Inserm, U1065, Equipe 1, Biologie et pathologies des mélanocytes: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome, C3M, Nice, F-06204, France.,Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, F-06107, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- CNRS UMR 8200, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805 France.,Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, F-94805, France.,Equipe Labellisée "ARC", C3M, Nice, F-06204, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- Equipe Labellisée "ARC", C3M, Nice, F-06204, France.,Inserm, U1065, Equipe 1, Biologie et pathologies des mélanocytes: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome, C3M, Nice, F-06204, France.,Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, F-06107, France
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137
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Ioannidou A, Goulielmaki E, Garinis GA. DNA Damage: From Chronic Inflammation to Age-Related Deterioration. Front Genet 2016; 7:187. [PMID: 27826317 PMCID: PMC5078321 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To lessen the "wear and tear" of existence, cells have evolved mechanisms that continuously sense DNA lesions, repair DNA damage and restore the compromised genome back to its native form. Besides genome maintenance pathways, multicellular organisms may also employ adaptive and innate immune mechanisms to guard themselves against bacteria or viruses. Recent evidence points to reciprocal interactions between DNA repair, DNA damage responses and aspects of immunity; both self-maintenance and defense responses share a battery of common players and signaling pathways aimed at safeguarding our bodily functions over time. In the short-term, this functional interplay would allow injured cells to restore damaged DNA templates or communicate their compromised state to the microenvironment. In the long-term, however, it may result in the (premature) onset of age-related degeneration, including cancer. Here, we discuss the beneficial and unrewarding outcomes of DNA damage-driven inflammation in the context of tissue-specific pathology and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ioannidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-HellasHeraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of CreteHeraklion, Greece
| | - Evi Goulielmaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Heraklion, Greece
| | - George A Garinis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-HellasHeraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of CreteHeraklion, Greece
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138
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SASP: Tumor Suppressor or Promoter? Yes! Trends Cancer 2016; 2:676-687. [PMID: 28741506 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a permanent growth arrest in cells with damage or stress that could lead to transformation. Some tumor cells also undergo senescence in response to chemotherapy. Senescent cells secrete cytokines and other factors of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that contribute to tumor suppression by enforcing arrest and recruiting immune cells that remove these damaged or oncogene-expressing cells from organisms. However, some cells can develop a SASP comprising factors that are immunosuppressive and protumorigenic by paracrine mechanisms. Likewise, the SASP in treated cancers can either contribute to durable responses or drive relapse. Here, we discuss the studies that have demonstrated a complex and often conflicting role for the SASP in tumorigenesis and treatment response.
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139
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Ni C, Narzt MS, Nagelreiter IM, Zhang CF, Larue L, Rossiter H, Grillari J, Tschachler E, Gruber F. Autophagy deficient melanocytes display a senescence associated secretory phenotype that includes oxidized lipid mediators. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:375-382. [PMID: 27732890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a recycling program which allows cells to adapt to metabolic needs and to stress. Defects in autophagy can affect metabolism, aging, proteostasis and inflammation. Autophagy pathway genes, including autophagy related 7 (Atg7), have been associated with the regulation of skin pigmentation, and autophagy defects disturb the biogenesis and transport of melanosomes in melanocytes as well as transfer and processing of melanin into keratinocytes. We have previously shown that mice whose melanocytes or keratinocytes lack Atg7 (and thus autophagy) as a result of specific gene knockout still retained functioning melanosome synthesis and transfer, and displayed only moderate reduction of pigmentation. In cell culture the Atg7 deficient melanocytes were prone to premature senescence and dysregulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling. To elucidate the biochemical basis of this phenotype, we performed a study on global gene expression, protein secretion and phospholipid composition in Atg7 deficient versus Atg7 expressing melanocytes. In cell culture Atg7 deficient melanocytes showed a pro-inflammatory gene expression signature and secreted higher levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand -1,-2,-10 and -12 (Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl10, Cxcl12), which are implicated in the pathogenesis of pigmentary disorders and expressed higher amounts of matrix metalloproteinases -3 and -13 (Mmp3, Mmp13). The analysis of membrane phospholipid composition identified an increase in the arachidonic- to linoleic acid ratio in the autophagy deficient cells, as well as an increase in oxidized phospholipid species that act as danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The secretion of inflammation related factors suggests that autophagy deficient melanocytes display a senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and we propose oxidized lipid mediators as novel components of this SASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Ni
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marie-Sophie Narzt
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ionela-Mariana Nagelreiter
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Feng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Developmental Genetics of Melanocytes, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Heidemarie Rossiter
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-VIBT University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria.
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140
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Posavec Marjanović M, Crawford K, Ahel I. PARP, transcription and chromatin modeling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:102-113. [PMID: 27677453 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Compaction mode of chromatin and chromatin highly organised structures regulate gene expression. Posttranslational modifications, histone variants and chromatin remodelers modulate the compaction, structure and therefore function of specific regions of chromatin. The generation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is emerging as one of the key signalling events on sites undergoing chromatin structure modulation. PAR is generated locally in response to stresses. These include genotoxic stress but also differentiation signals, metabolic and hormonal cues. A pictures emerges in which transient PAR formation is essential to orchestrate chromatin remodelling and transcription factors allowing the cell to adapt to alteration in its environment. This review summarizes the diverse factors of ADP-ribosylation in the adaptive regulation of chromatin structure and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerryanne Crawford
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK,.
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141
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Bent EH, Gilbert LA, Hemann MT. A senescence secretory switch mediated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation controls chemoprotective endothelial secretory responses. Genes Dev 2016; 30:1811-21. [PMID: 27566778 PMCID: PMC5024680 DOI: 10.1101/gad.284851.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bent et al. show that endothelial production of IL-6 promotes chemoresistance, and doxorubicin induces acute IL-6 release through reactive oxygen species-mediated p38 activation. Endothelial cells repress senescence-associated inflammation through the downregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, and reactivation of this pathway restores senescence-associated inflammation. Cancer therapy targets malignant cells that are surrounded by a diverse complement of nonmalignant stromal cells. Therapy-induced damage of normal cells can alter the tumor microenvironment, causing cellular senescence and activating cancer-promoting inflammation. However, how these damage responses are regulated (both induced and resolved) to preserve tissue homeostasis and prevent chronic inflammation is poorly understood. Here, we detail an acute chemotherapy-induced secretory response that is self-limiting in vitro and in vivo despite the induction of cellular senescence. We used tissue-specific knockout mice to demonstrate that endothelial production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 promotes chemoresistance and show that the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin induces acute IL-6 release through reactive oxygen species-mediated p38 activation in vitro. Doxorubicin causes endothelial senescence but, surprisingly, without a typical senescence secretory response. We found that endothelial cells repress senescence-associated inflammation through the down-regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and that reactivation of this pathway restores senescence-associated inflammation. Thus, we describe a mechanism by which damage-associated paracrine secretory responses are restrained to preserve tissue homeostasis and prevent chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Bent
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Luke A Gilbert
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Michael T Hemann
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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142
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Wiley CD, Campisi J. From Ancient Pathways to Aging Cells-Connecting Metabolism and Cellular Senescence. Cell Metab 2016; 23:1013-1021. [PMID: 27304503 PMCID: PMC4911819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a complex stress response that permanently arrests the proliferation of cells at risk for oncogenic transformation. However, senescent cells can also drive phenotypes associated with aging. Although the senescence-associated growth arrest prevents the development of cancer, and the metabolism of cancer cells has been studied in depth, the metabolic causes and consequences of cellular senescence were largely unexplored until recently. New findings reveal key roles for several aspects of cellular metabolism in the establishment and control of senescent phenotypes. These discoveries have important implications for both cancer and aging. In this review, we highlight some of the recent links between metabolism and phenotypes that are commonly associated with senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Wiley
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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143
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Malaquin N, Martinez A, Rodier F. Keeping the senescence secretome under control: Molecular reins on the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Exp Gerontol 2016; 82:39-49. [PMID: 27235851 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is historically associated with cancer suppression and aging. Recently, the reach of the senescence genetic program has been extended to include the ability of senescent cells to actively participate in tissue remodelling during many physiological processes, including placental biology, embryonic patterning, wound healing, and tissue stress responses caused by cancer therapy. Besides growth arrest, a significant feature of senescent cells is their ability to modify their immediate microenvironment using a senescence-associated (SA) secretome, commonly termed the SA secretory phenotype (SASP). Among others, the SASP contains growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular proteases that modulate the majority of both the beneficial and detrimental microenvironmental phenotypes caused by senescent cells. The SASP is thus becoming an obvious pharmaceutical target to manipulate SA effects. Herein, we review known signalling pathways underlying the SASP, including the DNA damage response (DDR), stress kinases, inflammasome, alarmin, inflammation- and cell survival-related transcription factors, miRNAs, RNA stability, autophagy, chromatin components, and metabolic regulators. We also describe the SASP as a temporally regulated dynamic sub-program of senescence that can be divided into a rapid DDR-associated phase, an early self-amplification phase, and a late "mature" phase, the late phase currently being the most widely studied SASP signature. Finally, we discuss how deciphering the signalling pathways regulating the SASP reveal targets that can be manipulated to harness the SA effects to benefit therapies for cancer and other age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francis Rodier
- CRCHUM et Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Université de Montréal, Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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144
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Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: from mechanisms to therapy. Nat Med 2016; 21:1424-35. [PMID: 26646499 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1388] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a process that imposes permanent proliferative arrest on cells in response to various stressors, has emerged as a potentially important contributor to aging and age-related disease, and it is an attractive target for therapeutic exploitation. A wealth of information about senescence in cultured cells has been acquired over the past half century; however, senescence in living organisms is poorly understood, largely because of technical limitations relating to the identification and characterization of senescent cells in tissues and organs. Furthermore, newly recognized beneficial signaling functions of senescence suggest that indiscriminately targeting senescent cells or modulating their secretome for anti-aging therapy may have negative consequences. Here we discuss current progress and challenges in understanding the stressors that induce senescence in vivo, the cell types that are prone to senesce, and the autocrine and paracrine properties of senescent cells in the contexts of aging and age-related diseases as well as disease therapy.
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145
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Lim SY, Yuzhalin AE, Gordon-Weeks AN, Muschel RJ. Targeting the CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis in cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:28697-710. [PMID: 26885690 PMCID: PMC5053756 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis has generated increasing interest in recent years due to its association with the progression of cancer. Although first described as a chemotactic molecule with physiological roles in regulating inflammation, recent studies have revealed a pro-tumorigenic function for CCL2 in favoring cancer development and subsequent metastasis. CCL2 binds the cognate receptor CCR2, and together this signaling pair has been shown to have multiple pro-tumorigenic roles, from mediating tumor growth and angiogenesis to recruiting and usurping host stromal cells to support tumor progression. The importance of CCL2-CCR2 signaling has been further championed by the establishment of clinical trials targeting this signaling pair in solid and metastatic cancers. Here we review the roles of CCL2-CCR2 signaling in the development and progression of cancer metastasis. We further evaluate the outcome of several clinical trials targeting either CCL2 or CCR2, and discuss the prospects and challenges of manipulating CCL2-CCR2 interaction as a potential approach for combating metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yin Lim
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arseniy E. Yuzhalin
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alex N. Gordon-Weeks
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J. Muschel
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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146
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Hölzel M, Tüting T. Inflammation-Induced Plasticity in Melanoma Therapy and Metastasis. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:364-374. [PMID: 27151281 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenotype switching contributes to nongenomic heterogeneity in melanoma and other cancers. These dynamic and in part reversible phenotype changes impose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Understanding the reciprocal coevolution of melanoma and immune cell phenotypes during disease progression and in response to therapy is a prerequisite to improve current treatment strategies. Here we discuss how proinflammatory signals promote melanoma cell plasticity and govern interactions of melanoma and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. We examine phenotypic plasticity and heterogeneity in different melanoma mouse models with respect to their utility for translational research and emphasize the interplay between melanoma cells and neutrophils as a critical driver of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hölzel
- Unit for RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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147
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Cordani M, Pacchiana R, Butera G, D'Orazi G, Scarpa A, Donadelli M. Mutant p53 proteins alter cancer cell secretome and tumour microenvironment: Involvement in cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:303-9. [PMID: 27045472 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An ever-increasing number of studies highlight the role of mutant p53 proteins in the alteration of cancer cell secretome and in the modification of tumour microenvironment, sustaining an invasive phenotype of cancer cell. The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between mutant p53 proteins and the microenvironment is becoming fundamental for the identification of both efficient anticancer therapeutic strategies and novel serum biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the novel findings concerning the regulation of secreted molecules by cancer cells bearing mutant TP53 gene. In particular, we highlight data from available literature, suggesting that mutant p53 proteins are able to (i) alter the secretion of enzymes involved in the modulation of extracellular matrix components; (ii) alter the secretion of inflammatory cytokines; (iii) increase the extracellular acidification; and (iv) regulate the crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Applied Research on Cancer Centre (ARC-Net) and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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148
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Bennett DC. Genetics of melanoma progression: the rise and fall of cell senescence. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 29:122-40. [PMID: 26386262 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are many links between cell senescence and the genetics of melanoma, meaning both familial susceptibility and somatic-genetic changes in sporadic melanoma. For example, CDKN2A, the best-known melanoma susceptibility gene, encodes two effectors of cell senescence, while other familial melanoma genes are related to telomeres and their maintenance. This article aimed to analyze our current knowledge of the genetic or epigenetic driver changes necessary to generate a cutaneous metastatic melanoma, the commonest order in which these occur, and the relation of these changes to the biology and pathology of melanoma progression. Emphasis is laid on the role of cell senescence and the escape from senescence leading to cellular immortality, the ability to divide indefinitely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy C Bennett
- Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
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149
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Riesenberg S, Groetchen A, Siddaway R, Bald T, Reinhardt J, Smorra D, Kohlmeyer J, Renn M, Phung B, Aymans P, Schmidt T, Hornung V, Davidson I, Goding CR, Jönsson G, Landsberg J, Tüting T, Hölzel M. MITF and c-Jun antagonism interconnects melanoma dedifferentiation with pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness and myeloid cell recruitment. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8755. [PMID: 26530832 PMCID: PMC4659938 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation promotes phenotypic plasticity in melanoma, a source of non-genetic heterogeneity, but the molecular framework is poorly understood. Here we use functional genomic approaches and identify a reciprocal antagonism between the melanocyte lineage transcription factor MITF and c-Jun, which interconnects inflammation-induced dedifferentiation with pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness of melanoma cells favouring myeloid cell recruitment. We show that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α instigate gradual suppression of MITF expression through c-Jun. MITF itself binds to the c-Jun regulatory genomic region and its reduction increases c-Jun expression that in turn amplifies TNF-stimulated cytokine expression with further MITF suppression. This feed-forward mechanism turns poor peak-like transcriptional responses to TNF-α into progressive and persistent cytokine and chemokine induction. Consistently, inflammatory MITF(low)/c-Jun(high) syngeneic mouse melanomas recruit myeloid immune cells into the tumour microenvironment as recapitulated by their human counterparts. Our study suggests myeloid cell-directed therapies may be useful for MITF(low)/c-Jun(high) melanomas to counteract their growth-promoting and immunosuppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Riesenberg
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angela Groetchen
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Siddaway
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Tobias Bald
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Denise Smorra
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Kohlmeyer
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Renn
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bengt Phung
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Pia Aymans
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch Cédex 67404, France
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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150
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Koludrovic D, Laurette P, Strub T, Keime C, Le Coz M, Coassolo S, Mengus G, Larue L, Davidson I. Chromatin-Remodelling Complex NURF Is Essential for Differentiation of Adult Melanocyte Stem Cells. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005555. [PMID: 26440048 PMCID: PMC4595011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MIcrophthalmia-associated Transcription Factor (MITF) regulates melanocyte and melanoma physiology. We show that MITF associates the NURF chromatin-remodelling factor in melanoma cells. ShRNA-mediated silencing of the NURF subunit BPTF revealed its essential role in several melanoma cell lines and in untransformed melanocytes in vitro. Comparative RNA-seq shows that MITF and BPTF co-regulate overlapping gene expression programs in cell lines in vitro. Somatic and specific inactivation of Bptf in developing murine melanoblasts in vivo shows that Bptf regulates their proliferation, migration and morphology. Once born, Bptf-mutant mice display premature greying where the second post-natal coat is white. This second coat is normally pigmented by differentiated melanocytes derived from the adult melanocyte stem cell (MSC) population that is stimulated to proliferate and differentiate at anagen. An MSC population is established and maintained throughout the life of the Bptf-mutant mice, but these MSCs are abnormal and at anagen, give rise to reduced numbers of transient amplifying cells (TACs) that do not express melanocyte markers and fail to differentiate into mature melanin producing melanocytes. MSCs display a transcriptionally repressed chromatin state and Bptf is essential for reactivation of the melanocyte gene expression program at anagen, the subsequent normal proliferation of TACs and their differentiation into mature melanocytes. The melanocytes pigmenting the coat of adult mice derive from the melanocyte stem cell population residing in the permanent bulge area of the hair follicle. At each angen phase, melanocyte stem cells are stimulated to generate proliferative transient amplifying cells that migrate to the bulb of the follicle where they differentiate into mature melanin producing melanocytes, a processes involving MIcrophthalmia-associated Transcription Factor (MITF) the master regulator of the melanocyte lineage. We show that MITF associates with the NURF chromatin-remodelling factor in melanoma cells. NURF acts downstream of MITF in melanocytes and melanoma cells co-regulating gene expression in vitro. In vivo, mice lacking the NURF subunit Bptf in the melanocyte lineage show premature greying as they are unable to generate mature melanocytes from the adult stem cell population. We find that the melanocyte stem cells from these animals are abnormal and that once they are stimulated at anagen, Bptf is required to ensure the expression of melanocyte markers and their differentiation into mature adult melanocytes. Chromatin remodelling by NURF therefore appears to be essential for the transition of the transcriptionally quiescent stem cell to the differentiated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Koludrovic
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch, France
- Beaston Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Laurette
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch, France
| | - Thomas Strub
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Céline Keime
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch, France
| | - Madeleine Le Coz
- Institut Curie CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Bat 110, Orsay, France
| | - Sebastien Coassolo
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch, France
| | - Gabrielle Mengus
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch, France
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Bat 110, Orsay, France
- Equipes labélisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay and Strasbourg, France
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch, France
- Equipes labélisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay and Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
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