101
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Su L, Xie Y, He Z, Zhang J, Tang Y, Zhou X. Network response of two cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars to Cadmium stress as revealed by transcriptome analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112473. [PMID: 34224970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination severely threatens human health. Therefore, screening and breeding low-Cd absorption cultivars of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is essential to restrict human Cd intake. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to perform a comparative transcriptome analysis of the leaves of two cherry tomato cultivars with different Cd contents under different Cd stress (0, 10, and 50 μM), for the purpose of exploring the differences in the transcriptional responses to Cd stress between the two cultivars. Our results revealed that the Cd content in the leaves of HLZ (Hanluzhe; a low-Cd accumulation cultivar) was significantly lower than that in the leaves of LFC (Lvfeicui; a high-Cd accumulation cultivar). Transcriptome analysis showed that the different expression genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, antioxidant enzymes, cell wall biosynthesis, and metal transportation. In the LFC leaves, DEGs in the IAA signal transduction and antioxidant enzymes exhibited higher transcription levels. However, the DEGs in the ETH signal transduction demonstrated a lower transcription level compared to that of HLZ. Over-expressed genes in the pectin biosynthesis and pectin methylesterase (PME) of the LFC leaves might result in the trapping of Cd by increased levels of low-methylated pectin around the cell wall. Furthermore, Cd transporter genes, such as HMA5, NRAMP6, CAX3, ABCC3, and PDR1, were up-regulated in the HLZ leaves, indicating that the HLZ cultivar comprised an active Cd transport capacity from apoplast to vacuolar. This may contribute to the low Cd concentration observed in the HLZ leaves. Overall, our study provides a molecular basis for tomato screening and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Su
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yongdong Xie
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute for Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqun He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yi Tang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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102
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Tang B, Luo M, Zhang Y, Guo H, Li J, Song W, Zhang R, Feng Z, Kong M, Li H, Cao Z, Lu X, Li D, Zhang J, Wang R, Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhao Y, Zhao J. Natural variations in the P-type ATPase heavy metal transporter gene ZmHMA3 control cadmium accumulation in maize grains. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6230-6246. [PMID: 34235535 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in maize grains is detrimental to human health. Developing maize varieties with low Cd content is important for safe consumption of maize grains. However, the key genes controlling maize grain Cd accumulation have not been cloned. Here, we identified one major locus for maize grain Cd accumulation (qCd1) using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and bulked segregant RNA-seq analysis with a biparental segregating population of Jing724 (low-Cd line) and Mo17 (high-Cd line). The candidate gene ZmHMA3 was identified by fine mapping and encodes a tonoplast-localized heavy metal P-type ATPase transporter. An ethyl methane sulfonate mutant analysis and an allelism test confirmed that ZmHMA3 influences maize grain Cd accumulation. A transposon in intron 1 of ZmHMA3 is responsible for the abnormal amino acid sequence in Mo17. Based on the natural sequence variations in the ZmHMA3 gene of diverse maize lines, four PCR-based molecular markers were developed, and these were successfully used to distinguish five haplotypes with different grain Cd contents in the GWAS panel and to predict grain Cd contents of widely used maize inbred lines and hybrids. These molecular markers can be used to breed elite maize varieties with low grain Cd contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Meijie Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Huanle Guo
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jingna Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Mengsi Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Han Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhongyang Cao
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xiaoduo Lu
- Institute of Molecular Breeding for Maize, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, Shandong, China
| | - Delin Li
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Lab of Germplasm Utilization (MOA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd, Beijing 102208, China
| | - Ronghuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuandong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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103
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Nie G, Zhong M, Cai J, Yang X, Zhou J, Appiah C, Tang M, Wang X, Feng G, Huang L, Zhang X. Transcriptome characterization of candidate genes related to chromium uptake, transport and accumulation in Miscanthus sinensis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112445. [PMID: 34182199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus sinensis is a C4 perennial grass species that is widely used as forage, ornamental grass and bioenergy crop due to its broad adaption and great biological traits. Recent studies indicated that M. sinensis could also grow in marginal lands which were contaminated with heavy metals, and exhibited important ecological restoration potential. In this study, transcriptome characterization of candidate genes related to chromium (Cr) uptake, transport and accumulation in M. sinensis were employed to investigate the molecular mechanism of plant tolerance to heavy metal stress. The result showed that following treatment of 200 mg/L of Cr, plant roots could accumulate most Cr and localize mainly in cell walls and soluble fractions, whereas Cr in stems and leaves was primarily in soluble fractions. A total of 83,645 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained after the treatment. Many genes involved in heavy metal transport, metal ion chelation and photosynthesis were found to be Cr-induced DEGs. Co-expression and weighted correlation network analysis revealed that Glutathion metabolism and ABC transporters pathways play an important role in Cr tolerance of M. sinensis. A hypothesis schematic diagram for the Cr uptake, transport and accumulation of M. sinensis cells were suggested, which could provide a molecular and genetic basis for future candidate genes validation and breeding of such crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Nie
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Minyi Zhong
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiabang Cai
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinying Yang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Charlotte Appiah
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingyu Tang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangyan Feng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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104
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Jogawat A, Yadav B, Narayan OP. Metal transporters in organelles and their roles in heavy metal transportation and sequestration mechanisms in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:259-275. [PMID: 33586164 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity is one of the major concerns for agriculture and health. Accumulation of toxic heavy metals at high concentrations in edible parts of crop plants is the primary cause of disease in humans and cattle. A dramatic increase in industrialization, urbanization, and other high anthropogenic activities has led to the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soil, which has consequently disrupted soil conditions and affected crop yield. By now, plants have developed several mechanisms to cope with heavy metal stress. However, not all plants are equally effective in dealing with the toxicity of high heavy metal concentrations. Plants have modified their anatomy, morphophysiology, and molecular networks to survive under changing environmental conditions. Heavy metal sequestration is one of the essential processes evolved by some plants to deal with heavy metals' toxic concentration. Some plants even have the ability to accumulate metals in high quantities in the shoots/organelles without toxic effects. For intercellular and interorganeller metal transport, plants harbor spatially distributed various transporters which mainly help in uptake, translocation, and redistribution of metals. This review discusses different heavy metal transporters in different organelles and their roles in metal sequestration and redistribution to help plants cope with heavy metal stress. A good understanding of the processes at stake helps in developing more tolerant crops without affecting their productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bindu Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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105
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Khoudi H. Significance of vacuolar proton pumps and metal/H + antiporters in plant heavy metal tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:384-393. [PMID: 33937997 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil and water are among the most valuable resources on earth. Unfortunately, their contamination with heavy metals has become a global problem. Heavy metals are not biodegradable and cannot be chemically degraded; therefore, they tend to accumulate in soils or to be transported by streaming water and contaminate both surface and groundwater. Cadmium (Cd) has no known biological function but is one of the most toxic metals. It represents a serious environmental concern since its accumulation in soils is associated with health risks to plants, animals and humans. On the other hand, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are heavy metals that are indispensable to plants but become toxic when their concentration in soils exceeds a certain optimal level. Plants have evolved many mechanisms to cope with heavy metal toxicity; vacuolar sequestration is one of them. Vacuolar sequestration can be achieved through either phytochelatin-dependent or phytochelatin-independent pathways. Most of the transgenic plants meant for phytoremediation described in the literature result from the manipulation of genes involved in the phytochelatin-dependent pathway. However, recent evidence has emerged to support the importance of the phytochelatin-independent pathway in heavy metal sequestration into the vacuole, with metal/H+ antiporters and proton pumps playing an important role. In this review, the importance of vacuolar proton pumps and metal/H+ antiporters transporting Cd, Cu, and Zn is discussed. In addition, the recent advances in the production of transgenic plants with potential application in phytoremediation and food safety through the manipulation of genes encoding V-PPase proton pumps is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Khoudi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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106
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Medical Plant Extract Purification from Cadmium(II) Using Modified Thermoplastic Starch and Ion Exchangers. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164734. [PMID: 34443254 PMCID: PMC8401945 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pure compounds extracted and purified from medical plants are crucial for preparation of the herbal products applied in many countries as drugs for the treatment of diseases all over the world. Such products should be free from toxic heavy metals; therefore, their elimination or removal in all steps of production is very important. Hence, the purpose of this paper was purification of an extract obtained from Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and cadmium removal using thermoplastic starch (S1), modified TPS with poly (butylene succinate); 25% of TPS + 75% PBS (S2); 50% of TPS + 50% PLA (S3); and 50% of TPS + 50% PLA with 5% of hemp fibers (S4), as well as ion exchangers of different types, e.g., Lewatit SP112, Purolite S940, Amberlite IRC747, Amberlite IRC748, Amberlite IRC718, Lewatit TP207, Lewatit TP208, and Purolite S930. This extract is used in cancer treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, gel permeation chromatography, surface analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and point of zero charge analysis were used for sorbent and adsorption process characterization, as well as for explanation of the Cd(II) sorption mechanism.
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107
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Busoms S, Pérez-Martín L, Llimós M, Poschenrieder C, Martos S. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Key Genes for Differential Lead Accumulation and Tolerance in Natural Arabidopsis thaliana Accessions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:689316. [PMID: 34421943 PMCID: PMC8377763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.689316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by lead (Pb) has become one of the major ecological threats to the environment. Understanding the mechanisms of Pb transport and deposition in plants is of great importance to achieve a global Pb reduction. We exposed a collection of 360 Arabidopsis thaliana natural accessions to a Pb-polluted soil. Germination rates, growth, and leaf Pb concentrations showed extensive variation among accessions. These phenotypic data were subjected to genome wide association studies (GWAs) and we found a significant association on chromosome 1 for low leaf Pb accumulation. Genes associated with significant SNP markers were evaluated and we selected EXTENSIN18 (EXT18) and TLC (TRAM-LAG1-CLN8) as candidates for having a role in Pb homeostasis. Six Pb-tolerant accessions, three of them exhibiting low leaf Pb content, and three of them with high leaf Pb content; two Pb-sensitive accessions; two knockout T-DNA lines of GWAs candidate genes (ext18, tlc); and Col-0 were screened under control and high-Pb conditions. The relative expression of EXT18, TLC, and other genes described for being involved in Pb tolerance was also evaluated. Analysis of Darwinian fitness, root and leaf ionome, and TEM images revealed that Pb-tolerant accessions employ two opposing strategies: (1) low translocation of Pb and its accumulation into root cell walls and vacuoles, or (2) high translocation of Pb and its efflux to inactive organelles or intracellular spaces. Plants using the first strategy exhibited higher expression of EXT18 and HMA3, thicker root cell walls and Pb vacuolar sequestration, suggesting that these genes may contribute to the deposition of Pb in the roots. On the other hand, plants translocating high amounts of Pb showed upregulation of TLC and ABC transporters, indicating that these plants were able to properly efflux Pb in the aerial tissues. We conclude that EXT18 and TLC upregulation enhances Pb tolerance promoting its sequestration: EXT18 favors the thickening of the cell walls improving Pb accumulation in roots and decreasing its toxicity, while TLC facilitates the formation of dictyosome vesicles and the Pb encapsulation in leaves. These findings are relevant for the design of phytoremediation strategies and environment restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Busoms
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Bioscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Martín
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Bioscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Llimós
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Bioscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charlotte Poschenrieder
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Bioscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Martos
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Bioscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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108
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Sun X, Li P, Zheng G. Cellular and subcellular distribution and factors influencing the accumulation of atmospheric Hg in Tillandsia usneoides leaves. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125529. [PMID: 34030407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric Hg is a highly toxic heavy metal with bioaccumulative properties. However, relatively few studies have focused on the distribution of Hg in cellular and subcellular structures of plants and factors influencing its accumulation. In this study, we selected Tillandsia usneoides, which is a widely used bioindicator for Hg, to analyze the concentration of Hg in different cells (foliar trichomes, epidermal cells, mesophyll cells, and vascular bundle cells), different subcellular structures (cell wall, cell membrane, vacuoles, and organelles) and different cell wall components (pectin, hemicellulose 1, and hemicellulose 2). It was determined that Hg was present in different types of cells, but there was no significant difference, suggesting that atmospheric Hg circulates dynamically in the surface and internal structural cells of T. usneoides leaves. Subcellular analysis showed that as Hg concentration increased, more Hg accumulated in the vacuoles and cell wall through the compartmentalization mechanism. Hemicellulose had the highest content of Hg, indicating that it is the primary Hg-binding component of the cell wall. The FTIR analysis results showed that after the Hg treatment, the cell wall -OH and COO- absorption peaks changed most significantly, indicating that these functional groups play a vital role in the Hg accumulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong, China
| | - Guiling Zheng
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong, China.
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109
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Bae H. Ionomic Approaches for Discovery of Novel Stress-Resilient Genes in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7182. [PMID: 34281232 PMCID: PMC8267685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, being sessile, face an array of biotic and abiotic stresses in their lifespan that endanger their survival. Hence, optimized uptake of mineral nutrients creates potential new routes for enhancing plant health and stress resilience. Recently, minerals (both essential and non-essential) have been identified as key players in plant stress biology, owing to their multifaceted functions. However, a realistic understanding of the relationship between different ions and stresses is lacking. In this context, ionomics will provide new platforms for not only understanding the function of the plant ionome during stresses but also identifying the genes and regulatory pathways related to mineral accumulation, transportation, and involvement in different molecular mechanisms under normal or stress conditions. This article provides a general overview of ionomics and the integration of high-throughput ionomic approaches with other "omics" tools. Integrated omics analysis is highly suitable for identification of the genes for various traits that confer biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Moreover, ionomics advances being used to identify loci using qualitative trait loci and genome-wide association analysis of element uptake and transport within plant tissues, as well as genetic variation within species, are discussed. Furthermore, recent developments in ionomics for the discovery of stress-tolerant genes in plants have also been addressed; these can be used to produce more robust crops with a high nutritional value for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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110
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Comparative transcriptome analysis of the hyperaccumulator plant Phytolacca americana in response to cadmium stress. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:327. [PMID: 34194911 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the molecular mechanism of the hyperaccumulator plant Phytolacca americana against cadmium (Cd) stress, the leaves of P. americana treated with 400 μM Cd for 0, 2, 12, and 24 h were harvested for comparative transcriptome analysis. In total, 110.07 Gb of clean data were obtained, and 63,957 unigenes were acquired after being assembled. Due to the lack of P. americana genome information, only 24,517 unigenes were annotated by public databases. After Cd treatment, 5054 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis and antenna proteins of photosynthesis were significantly down-regulated, while genes related to the lignin biosynthesis pathway were remarkably up-regulated, indicating that P. americana could synthesize more lignin to cope with Cd stress. Moreover, genes related to heavy metal accumulation, sulfur metabolism and glutathione metabolism were also significantly up-regulated. The gene expression pattern of several key genes related to distinct metabolic pathways was verified by qRT-PCR. The results indicated that the immobilization of lignin in cell wall, chelation, vacuolar compartmentalization, as well as the increase of thiol compounds content may be the important mechanisms of Cd detoxification in hyperaccumulator plant P. americana. Accession numbers: the raw data of P. americana transcriptome presented in this study are openly available in NCBI SRA database, under the BioProject of PRJNA649785. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02865-x.
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111
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Zeng H, Wu H, Yan F, Yi K, Zhu Y. Molecular regulation of zinc deficiency responses in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 261:153419. [PMID: 33915366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals. Because of its low availability in arable soils worldwide, Zn deficiency is becoming a serious agricultural problem resulting in decreases of crop yield and nutritional quality. Plants have evolved multiple responses to adapt to low levels of soil Zn supply, involving biochemical and physiological changes to improve Zn acquisition and utilization, and defend against Zn deficiency stress. In this review, we summarize the physiological and biochemical adaptations of plants to Zn deficiency, the roles of transporters and metal-binding compounds in Zn homeostasis regulation, and the recent progresses in understanding the sophisticated regulatory mechanisms of Zn deficiency responses that have been made by molecular and genetic analyses, as well as diverse 'omics' studies. Zn deficiency responses are tightly controlled by multiple layers of regulation, such as transcriptional regulation that is mediated by transcription factors like F-group bZIP proteins, epigenetic regulation at the level of chromatin, and post-transcriptional regulation mediated by small RNAs and alternative splicing. The insights into the regulatory network underlying Zn deficiency responses and the perspective for further understandings of molecular regulation of Zn deficiency responses have been discussed. The understandings of the regulatory mechanisms will be important for improving Zn deficiency tolerance, Zn use efficiency, and Zn biofortification in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Haicheng Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Keke Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Agricultural Resource and Environment Experiment Teaching Center, College of Resource and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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112
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Luo JS, Zhang Z. Mechanisms of cadmium phytoremediation and detoxification in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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113
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Bora MS, Sarma KP. Anatomical and ultrastructural alterations in Ceratopteris pteridoides under cadmium stress: A mechanism of cadmium tolerance. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112285. [PMID: 33957421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present research is an appraisal of anatomical and ultrastructural alterations in aquatic fern, Ceratopteris pteridoides under cadmium (Cd) exposure. Plants were cultured hydroponically for 12 consecutive days in different Cd treatments: 10 µM L-1 (CDT1), 20 µM L-1 (CDT2), 40 µM L-1 (CDT3) and 60 µM L-1 (CDT4). Anatomical and ultrastructural changes of different vegetative tissues of C. pteridoides were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cd stress significantly (P < 0.05) decreased water content percentage (WC%), relative growth rate (RGR) and root activity in C. pteridoides, especially at highest Cd concentration (treatment CDT4). Significant (P < 0.05) drop of stress tolerance indices (STI) was noticed in C. pteridoides under treatment CDT4. Anatomical study of the Cd-treated C. pteridoides showed stomatal closure of leaves, reduction of diameter in xylem tracheids of stem and root, and decrease of intercellular spaces. Furthermore, ultrastructural alterations of leaf, stem, and root cells were evident with a damaged membrane system of chloroplast and mitochondria, disorganization of chloroplastic components, accumulation of large starch grains and plastoglobules, and formation of multivesicular bodies. The deposition of electron-dense material in the cell wall of root cells can be regarded as an important tolerance mechanism of C. pteridoides under Cd stress. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis of Cd-treated C. pteridoides biomass illustrated Cd-binding interaction with O-H, N-H, C-H, C≡C, C˭O, P˭O, -C-OH and CS functional groups of different metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monashree Sarma Bora
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Kali Prasad Sarma
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam, India.
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114
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Mo F, Li H, Li Y, Chen X, Wang M, Li Z, Deng N, Yang Y, Huang X, Zhang R, Deng W. Physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional regulation in a leguminous forage Trifolium pratense L. responding to silver ions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:531-546. [PMID: 33773229 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) is an important leguminous crop with great potential for Ag-contaminated environment remediation. Whereas, the molecular mechanisms of Ag tolerance in red clover are largely unknown. Red clover seedlings were used for physiological and transcriptomic investigation under 0, 20, 50, and 100 mg/L Ag+ stress in our research to reveal potential molecular resistance mechanism. Research showed that red clover possessed fairly strong Ag absorbance capacity, the Ag level reached 0.14 and 2.35 mg/g·FW in the leaves and roots under 100 mg/L AgNO3 stress condition. Root fresh weight, root dry weight, root water content, and photosynthetic pigments contents were significantly decreased with elevating AgNO3 concentration. Obvious withered plant tissue, microstructure disorder, and disrupted organelles were observed. In vitro evaluations (e.g., PI and DCFH-DA staining) represented that AgNO3 at high concentration (100 mg/L) exhibited obvious inhibition on cell viability, which was due possibly to the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. A total of 44643 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under Ag stress, covering 27155 upregulated and 17488 downregulated genes. 12 stress-responsive DEGs was authenticated utilizing real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the DEGs were mostly related to metal ion binding (molecular function), nucleus (cellular component), and defense response (biological process). Involved DEGs in sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity, response to various hormones (e.g., abscisic acid, IAA/Auxin, salicylic acid, and etc), calcium signal transduction, and protein ubiquitination were concluded to play crucial roles in Ag tolerance of red clover. On the other hand, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database annotated several stress responsive pathways such as plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, hormone signal transduction, and autophagy. Several down-regulated genes (e.g., RSF2, RCD1, DOX1, and etc) were identified indicating possible metabolic disturbance. Besides, protein-protein interaction network (PPI) identified several pivotal genes such as ribosomal proteins, TIR, and ZAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Mo
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Mingshuai Wang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Ningcan Deng
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Wenhe Deng
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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115
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Campos ACAL, van Dijk WFA, Ramakrishna P, Giles T, Korte P, Douglas A, Smith P, Salt DE. 1,135 ionomes reveal the global pattern of leaf and seed mineral nutrient and trace element diversity in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:536-554. [PMID: 33506585 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil is a heterogeneous reservoir of essential elements needed for plant growth and development. Plants have evolved mechanisms to balance their nutritional needs based on availability of nutrients. This has led to genetically based variation in the elemental composition, the 'ionome', of plants, both within and between species. We explore this natural variation using a panel of wild-collected, geographically widespread Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from the 1001 Genomes Project including over 1,135 accessions, and the 19 parental accessions of the Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) panel, all with full-genome sequences available. We present an experimental design pipeline for high-throughput ionomic screenings and analyses with improved normalisation procedures to account for errors and variability in conditions often encountered in large-scale, high-throughput data collection. We report quantification of the complete leaf and seed ionome of the entire collection using this pipeline and a digital tool, Ion Explorer, to interact with the dataset. We describe the pattern of natural ionomic variation across the A. thaliana species and identify several accessions with extreme ionomic profiles. It forms a valuable resource for exploratory genetic mapping studies to identify genes underlying natural variation in leaf and seed ionome and genetic adaptation of plants to soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina A L Campos
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, United Kingdom
| | - William F A van Dijk
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Ramakrishna
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Giles
- Digital Research Service and Advanced Data Analysis Centre, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Korte
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, United Kingdom
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, United Kingdom
| | - David E Salt
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, United Kingdom
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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116
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Rajput V, Minkina T, Semenkov I, Klink G, Tarigholizadeh S, Sushkova S. Phylogenetic analysis of hyperaccumulator plant species for heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1629-1654. [PMID: 32040786 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concentration of heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil may impose a serious threat to living organisms due to their toxicity and the ability to accumulate in plant tissues. The present review focuses on the phylogenetic relationships, sources, biotransformation and accumulation potential of hyperaccumulators for the priority HMs and PAHs. This review provides an opportunity to reveal the role of hyperaccumulators in removal of HMs and PAHs from soils, to understand the relationships between pollutants and their influence on the environment and to find potential plant species for soil remediation. The phylogenetic analysis results showed that the hyperaccumulators of some chemicals (Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd) are clustered on the evolutionary tree and that the ability to hyperaccumulate different pollutants can be correlated either positively (Cd-Zn, Pb-Zn, Co-Cu, Cd-Pb) or negatively (Cu-PAHs, Co-Cd, Co-PAHs, Ni-PAHs, Cu-Ni, Mn-PAHs). Further research needs to be extended on the focus of commercializing the techniques including the native hyperaccumulators to remediate the highly contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090.
| | | | - Ivan Semenkov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Galya Klink
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kharkevich Institute), Moscow, Russia, 127051
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117
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Su N, Niu M, Liu Z, Wang L, Zhu Z, Zou J, Chen Y, Cui J. Hemin-decreased cadmium uptake in pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) seedlings is heme oxygenase-1 dependent and relies on its by-products ferrous iron and carbon monoxide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:115882. [PMID: 33234366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major pollutant in farmland, which not only greatly restricts crop production, but also brings a serious threat to human health through entering the food chain. Our previous study showed that hemin treatment could reduce the accumulation of Cd in pak choi seedlings. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we used non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) to detect the real-time Cd2+ flux from pak choi roots and demonstrated that hemin treatment decreased Cd uptake rather than its translocation within plants. Moreover, through comparing the responses of different chemical treatments in pak choi seedlings and Arabidopsis wild-type and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mutant, we provided evidence that hemin-decreased Cd uptake was HO-1 dependent. Furthermore, analyses of hemin degradation products suggested that the hemin-derived suppression of Cd uptake suppression was probably relying on its degradation by-products, ferrous iron (Fe2+) and carbon monoxide (CO), via repressing the expression of a Fe2+/Cd2+ transporter BcIRT1 in pak choi roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengyang Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ze Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Zhengbo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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118
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Zhang D, Du Y, He D, Zhou D, Wu J, Peng J, Liu L, Liu Z, Yan M. Use of Comparative Transcriptomics Combined With Physiological Analyses to Identify Key Factors Underlying Cadmium Accumulation in Brassica juncea L. Front Genet 2021; 12:655885. [PMID: 33854528 PMCID: PMC8039530 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.655885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of soils with cadmium (Cd) has become a serious environmental issue that needs to be addressed. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation may facilitate the development of plants that accumulate both high and low amounts of Cd. In this study, a combination of phenotypic, physiological, and comparative transcriptomic analyses was performed to investigate the effects of different Cd concentrations (0, 5, 10, 30, 50 mg/kg) on Brassica juncea L. Our results suggest that B. juncea L. seedlings had a degree of tolerance to the 5 mg/kg Cd treatment, whereas higher Cd stress (10-50 mg/kg) could suppress the growth of B. juncea L. seedlings. The contents of soluble protein, as well as MDA (malondialdehyde), were increased, but the activities of CAT (catalase) enzymes and the contents of soluble sugar and chlorophyll were decreased, when B. juncea L. was under 30 and 50 mg/kg Cd treatment. Comparative transcriptomic analysis indicated that XTH18 (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase enzymes), XTH22, and XTH23 were down-regulated, but PME17 (pectin methylesterases) and PME14 were up-regulated, which might contribute to cell wall integrity maintenance. Moreover, the down-regulation of HMA3 (heavy metal ATPase 3) and up-regulation of Nramp3 (natural resistance associated macrophage proteins 3), HMA2 (heavy metal ATPase 2), and Nramp1 (natural resistance associated macrophage proteins 1) might also play roles in reducing Cd toxicity in roots. Taken together, the results of our study may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the response of B. juncea L. to various concentrations of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yunyan Du
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Dan He
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Dinggang Zhou
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Jiashi Peng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Lili Liu
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zhongsong Liu
- Oilseed Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
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119
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Ortiz-Luevano R, López-Bucio J, Martínez-Trujillo M, Sánchez-Calderón L. Changes induced by lead in root system architecture of Arabidopsis seedlings are mediated by PDR2-LPR1/2 phosphate dependent way. Biometals 2021; 34:603-620. [PMID: 33772672 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants respond to changing environments modulating their genetic expression, metabolism and postembryonic developmental program (PDP) to adapt. Among environmental stressor, lead (Pb) is one of the most hazardous pollutants which limits crop productivity. Here, we describe in detail the effects of a wide range of concentrations of Pb on growth and development and a possible convergence with phosphate (Pi) starvation response. We found that the response to Pb presents a biphasic curve dose response in biomass accumulation: below 400 µM show a stimulatory effect meanwhile at Pb doses up to 600 µM effects are inhibitory. We found that +Pb (800 µM) modifies root system architecture (RSA) and induces acidification media, according to in silico ion interaction, in the growing medium Pb and Pi coprecipitate and plants grow in both Pi deficiency and Pb stress at the same time, however in spite of seedlings are under Pi starvation AtPT2 expression are Pb downregulated indicating that in addition to Pi starvation stress, Pb regulates physiological responses in root system. Using the mutants stop1, lpr1/2 and lpi3, which are affected in Pi starvation response, we found that changes in RSA by +Pb is genetically regulated and there are shared pathways with Pi starvation response mediated by PDR2-LPR1/2 and LPI3 pathways since lpr1/2 and lpi3 mutants are insensitive to +Pb and Pi starvation. Taking together, these results indicate that similar changes in RSA induced by independent environmental stimuli +Pb and Pi starvation are due to similar mediated response by PDR2-LPR1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ortiz-Luevano
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio R, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México.,Laboratorio de Genómica Evolutiva, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus II, 98066, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Quıímico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Miguel Martínez-Trujillo
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio R, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Lenin Sánchez-Calderón
- Laboratorio de Genómica Evolutiva, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus II, 98066, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.
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120
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Bashir K, Ahmad Z, Kobayashi T, Seki M, Nishizawa NK. Roles of subcellular metal homeostasis in crop improvement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2083-2098. [PMID: 33502492 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of crop production in response to rapidly changing environmental conditions is a serious challenge facing plant breeders and biotechnologists. Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) are essential micronutrients for plant growth and reproduction. These minerals are critical to several cellular processes including metabolism, photosynthesis, and cellular respiration. Regulating the uptake and distribution of these minerals could significantly improve plant growth and development, ultimately leading to increased crop production. Plant growth is limited by mineral deficiency, but on the other hand, excess Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn can be toxic to plants; therefore, their uptake and distribution must be strictly regulated. Moreover, the distribution of these metals among subcellular organelles is extremely important for maintaining optimal cellular metabolism. Understanding the mechanisms controlling subcellular metal distribution and availability would enable development of crop plants that are better adapted to challenging and rapidly changing environmental conditions. Here, we describe advances in understanding of subcellular metal homeostasis, with a particular emphasis on cellular Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis and rice, and discuss strategies for regulating cellular metabolism to improve plant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Bashir
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore, Pakistan
- Plant Genomics Network Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Zarnab Ahmad
- Plant Genomics Network Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomics Network Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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121
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Hanikenne M, Esteves SM, Fanara S, Rouached H. Coordinated homeostasis of essential mineral nutrients: a focus on iron. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2136-2153. [PMID: 33175167 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In plants, iron (Fe) transport and homeostasis are highly regulated processes. Fe deficiency or excess dramatically limits plant and algal productivity. Interestingly, complex and unexpected interconnections between Fe and various macro- and micronutrient homeostatic networks, supposedly maintaining general ionic equilibrium and balanced nutrition, are currently being uncovered. Although these interactions have profound consequences for our understanding of Fe homeostasis and its regulation, their molecular bases and biological significance remain poorly understood. Here, we review recent knowledge gained on how Fe interacts with micronutrient (e.g. zinc, manganese) and macronutrient (e.g. sulfur, phosphate) homeostasis, and on how these interactions affect Fe uptake and trafficking. Finally, we highlight the importance of developing an improved model of how Fe signaling pathways are integrated into functional networks to control plant growth and development in response to fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sara M Esteves
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Fanara
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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122
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Zhu T, Li L, Duan Q, Liu X, Chen M. Progress in our understanding of plant responses to the stress of heavy metal cadmium. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1836884. [PMID: 33084518 PMCID: PMC7781755 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1836884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a major environmental stress affecting plant growth and development. The heavy metal cadmium inhibits various physiological processes in plants, including seed germination and seedling growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidation. Extensive research has been conducted on the toxic effects of Cd2+ on plants and the mechanisms of Cd2+ tolerance. Here, we review recent advancements in our understanding of the absorption, transport, and accumulation of Cd2+ in plants and the mechanisms of Cd2+ tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qixin Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiuling Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, PR China
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123
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Li Z, Mei X, Li T, Yang S, Qin L, Li B, Zu Y. Effects of calcium application on activities of membrane transporters in Panax notoginseng under cadmium stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127905. [PMID: 33182152 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted to study combined effects of Ca and Cd on contents of Cd and Ca, and membrane transporters activities (CC (calcium channel protein), ATPase and CAXs (cationic/H+ antiporter) of two-year old Panax notoginseng with application of different concentrations of Ca2+ (0, 180 and 360 mgkg-1, prepared by Ca(OH)2 and CaCl2, respectively) under Cd2+ (0, 0.6, 6.0, and 12.0 mgkg-1, prepared by CdCl2•2.5H2O) treatments. The results showed that soil available Cd contents decreased with Ca(OH)2 and CaCl2 application. Soil pH value increased with Ca(OH)2 application. The contents of Cd in all parts of P. notoginseng increased with the increase in Cd treatment concentrations. The Cd content of P. notoginseng decreased with Ca(OH)2 and CaCl2 treatments. The activities of CC and ATPase in the main root of P. notoginseng decreased with the increase in Cd treatment concentrations and application of CaCl2. The activities of CC and ATPase increased with Ca(OH)2application. The activity of CAXs in the main root of P. notoginseng increased with the increase of Cd treatment concentration. The results indicate that Ca and Cd should be both related to membrane transporters activities and activities of CC, ATPase and CAXs are promoted by cooperation of Ca2+and OH+, which suggest the Ca(OH)2 application should be better than application of CaCl2 for Cd detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuran Li
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xinyue Mei
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shu Yang
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li Qin
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yanqun Zu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Hu X, Wei X, Ling J, Chen J. Cobalt: An Essential Micronutrient for Plant Growth? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:768523. [PMID: 34868165 PMCID: PMC8635114 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.768523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt is a transition metal located in the fourth row of the periodic table and is a neighbor of iron and nickel. It has been considered an essential element for prokaryotes, human beings, and other mammals, but its essentiality for plants remains obscure. In this article, we proposed that cobalt (Co) is a potentially essential micronutrient of plants. Co is essential for the growth of many lower plants, such as marine algal species including diatoms, chrysophytes, and dinoflagellates, as well as for higher plants in the family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. The essentiality to leguminous plants is attributed to its role in nitrogen (N) fixation by symbiotic microbes, primarily rhizobia. Co is an integral component of cobalamin or vitamin B12, which is required by several enzymes involved in N2 fixation. In addition to symbiosis, a group of N2 fixing bacteria known as diazotrophs is able to situate in plant tissue as endophytes or closely associated with roots of plants including economically important crops, such as barley, corn, rice, sugarcane, and wheat. Their action in N2 fixation provides crops with the macronutrient of N. Co is a component of several enzymes and proteins, participating in plant metabolism. Plants may exhibit Co deficiency if there is a severe limitation in Co supply. Conversely, Co is toxic to plants at higher concentrations. High levels of Co result in pale-colored leaves, discolored veins, and the loss of leaves and can also cause iron deficiency in plants. It is anticipated that with the advance of omics, Co as a constitute of enzymes and proteins and its specific role in plant metabolism will be exclusively revealed. The confirmation of Co as an essential micronutrient will enrich our understanding of plant mineral nutrition and improve our practice in crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangying Wei
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Xiangying Wei
| | - Jie Ling
- He Xiangning College of Art and Design, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Environmental Horticulture and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Chen
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Wang HQ, Xuan W, Huang XY, Mao C, Zhao FJ. Cadmium Inhibits Lateral Root Emergence in Rice by Disrupting OsPIN-Mediated Auxin Distribution and the Protective Effect of OsHMA3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 62:166-177. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) strongly inhibits root growth, especially the formation of lateral roots (LRs). The mechanism of Cd inhibition on LR formation in rice (Oryza sativa) remains unclear. In this study, we found that LR emergence in rice was inhibited significantly by 1 �M Cd and almost completely arrested by 5 �M Cd. Cd suppressed both the formation and subsequent development of the lateral root primordium (LRP). By using transgenic rice expressing the auxin response reporters DR5::GUS and DR5rev::VENUS, we found that Cd markedly reduced the auxin levels in the stele and LRP. Cd rapidly downregulated the expression of the auxin efflux transporter genes OsPIN1b, OsPIN1c and OsPIN9 in the stele and LRP. The emergence of LRs in a rice cultivar with a null allele of OsHMA3 (Heavy Metal ATPase 3) was more sensitive to Cd than cultivars with functional alleles. Overexpression of functional OsHMA3 in rice greatly alleviated the inhibitory effect of Cd, but the protective effect of OsHMA3 was abolished by the auxin polar transport inhibitor 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid. The results suggest that Cd inhibits LR development in rice by disrupting OsPIN-mediated auxin distribution to LRP and OsHMA3 protects against Cd toxicity by sequestering Cd into the vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Majumdar S, Sachdev S, Kundu R. Salicylic acid mediated reduction in grain cadmium accumulation and amelioration of toxicity in Oryza sativa L. cv Bandana. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111167. [PMID: 32827967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of agricultural fields with Cadmium (Cd) due to several agricultural practices is increasing worldwide. The rice plants can easily take up Cd and accumulate it into different parts, including the grains, posing a threat to human health even at low concentration exposure. Several phytohormones, including Salicylic acid (SA) have been investigated since long for its alleviating properties under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In the present study, 100 μM SA application to ameliorate 25 μM Cd stress was studied for 72 h in hydroponics in Oryza sativa cv. Bandana seedlings. Pot experiments were done with same treatment condition and plants were grown till maturity. SA application to Cd exposed rice seedlings alleviated the stress condition, which was established by several physiological, biochemical, histochemical and gene expression analysis. SA treatment to Cd stressed seedlings showed elevated photosynthetic pigment content, on-protein thiol content and relieved the Cd induced growth inhibition considerably. It lowered the accumulation of ROS like, O2- and H2O2 with a regulated antioxidative enzymatic activity. SA application in Cd exposed rice seedlings had upregulated expression of OsHMA3 and OsPCS1 whereasOsNRAMP2 gene was downregulated. Co-application of SA and Cd led to higher yield and improved agronomic traits in comparison to only Cd exposed plants under pot experimentation. Daily intake of Cd and Carcinogenic risk were also reduced by 99.75% and 99.99% respectively in the SA treated Cd stressed plants. SA positively affected the growth and tolerance of rice seedlings to Cd stress. Hence, SA addition to Cd contaminated soil can ensure rice cultivation without posing health risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehalata Majumdar
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sonal Sachdev
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Rita Kundu
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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127
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Shitan N, Yazaki K. Dynamism of vacuoles toward survival strategy in plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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128
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Komárková M, Chromý J, Pokorná E, Soudek P, Máchová P. Physiological and Transcriptomic Response of Grey Poplar ( Populus ×canescens Aiton Sm.) to Cadmium Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1485. [PMID: 33158073 PMCID: PMC7694188 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Populus ×canescens (Aiton) Sm. is a fast-growing woody plant belonging to the family Salicaceae. Two poplar genotypes characterized by unique phenotypic traits (TP11 and TP20) were chosen to be characterized and tested for a physiological and transcriptomic response to Cd stress. (2) Methods: A comparative analysis of the effects of exposure to high cadmium (Cd) concentrations (10 µM and 100 µM) of TP11 and TP20 was performed. (3) Results: Neither of the tested Cd concentration negatively affected plant growth; however, the chlorophyll content significantly decreased. The potassium (K) content was higher in the shoots than in the roots. The magnesium concentrations were only slightly affected by Cd treatment. The zinc content in the shoots of TP20 was lower than that in the shoots of TP11. Cd accumulation was higher in the roots than in the shoots. After 10 days of exposure, 10 µM Cd resulted in comparable amounts of Cd in the roots and shoots of TP20. The most significant change in transcript amount was observed in endochitinase 2, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 and phi classglutathione S-transferase. (4) Conclusions: Our study provided new insights for effective assessing the ability of different poplar genotypes to tolerate Cd stress and underlying Cd tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Komárková
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, 25202 Jiloviste, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (E.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Jakub Chromý
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, 25202 Jiloviste, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (E.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Eva Pokorná
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, 25202 Jiloviste, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (E.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Petr Soudek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavlína Máchová
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, 25202 Jiloviste, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (E.P.); (P.M.)
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Khan N, You FM, Datla R, Ravichandran S, Jia B, Cloutier S. Genome-wide identification of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter and heavy metal associated (HMA) gene families in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:722. [PMID: 33076828 PMCID: PMC7574471 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recent release of the reference genome sequence assembly of flax, a self-pollinated crop with 15 chromosome pairs, into chromosome-scale pseudomolecules enables the characterization of gene families. The ABC transporter and HMA gene families are important in the control of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops. To date, the genome-wide analysis of these two gene families has been successfully conducted in some plant species, but no systematic evolutionary analysis is available for the flax genome. Results Here we describe the ABC transporter and HMA gene families in flax to provide a comprehensive overview of its evolution and some support towards the functional annotation of its members. The 198 ABC transporter and 12 HMA genes identified in the flax genome were classified into eight ABC transporter and four HMA subfamilies based on their phylogenetic analysis and domains’ composition. Nine of these genes, i.e., LuABCC9, LuABCC10, LuABCG58, LuABCG59, LuABCG71, LuABCG72, LuABCG73, LuHMA3, and LuHMA4, were orthologous with the Cd associated genes in Arabidopsis, rice and maize. Ten motifs were identified from all ABC transporter and HMA genes. Also, several motifs were conserved among genes of similar length, but each subfamily each had their own motif structures. Both the ABC transporter and HMA gene families were highly conserved among subfamilies of flax and with those of Arabidopsis. While four types of gene duplication were observed at different frequencies, whole-genome or segmental duplications were the most frequent with 162 genes, followed by 29 dispersed, 14 tandem and 4 proximal duplications, suggesting that segmental duplications contributed the most to the expansion of both gene families in flax. The rates of non-synonymous to synonymous (Ka/Ks) mutations of paired duplicated genes were for the most part lower than one, indicative of a predominant purifying selection. Only five pairs of genes clearly exhibited positive selection with a Ka/Ks ratio greater than one. Gene ontology analyses suggested that most flax ABC transporter and HMA genes had a role in ATP binding, transport, catalytic activity, ATPase activity, and metal ion binding. The RNA-Seq analysis of eight different organs demonstrated diversified expression profiling patterns of the genes and revealed their functional or sub-functional conservation and neo-functionalization. Conclusion Characterization of the ABC transporter and HMA gene families will help in the functional analysis of candidate genes in flax and other crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Khan
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Frank M You
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Raju Datla
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Sridhar Ravichandran
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Bosen Jia
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada. .,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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130
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Li H, Liu Y, Qin H, Lin X, Tang D, Wu Z, Luo W, Shen Y, Dong F, Wang Y, Feng T, Wang L, Li L, Chen D, Zhang Y, Murray JD, Chao D, Chong K, Cheng Z, Meng Z. A rice chloroplast-localized ABC transporter ARG1 modulates cobalt and nickel homeostasis and contributes to photosynthetic capacity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:163-178. [PMID: 32464682 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transport and homeostasis of transition metals in chloroplasts, which are accurately regulated to ensure supply and to prevent toxicity induced by these metals, are thus crucial for chloroplast function and photosynthetic performance. However, the mechanisms that maintain the balance of transition metals in chloroplasts remain largely unknown. We have characterized an albino-revertible green 1 (arg1) rice mutant. ARG1 encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. Protoplast transfection and immunogold-labelling assays showed that ARG1 is localized in the envelopes and thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. Measurements of metal contents, metal transport, physiological and transcriptome changes revealed that ARG1 modulates cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) transport and homeostasis in chloroplasts to prevent excessive Co and Ni from competing with essential metal cofactors in chlorophyll and metal-binding proteins acting in photosynthesis. Natural allelic variation in ARG1 between indica and temperate japonica subspecies of rice is coupled with their different capabilities for Co transport and Co content within chloroplasts. This variation underpins the different photosynthetic capabilities in these subspecies. Our findings link the function of the ARG1 transporter to photosynthesis, and potentially facilitate breeding of rice cultivars with improved Co homeostasis and consequently improved photosynthetic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Huihui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuelei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhengjing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fengqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Laiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Doudou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Daiyin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zheng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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Paape T, Akiyama R, Cereghetti T, Onda Y, Hirao AS, Kenta T, Shimizu KK. Experimental and Field Data Support Range Expansion in an Allopolyploid Arabidopsis Owing to Parental Legacy of Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulation. Front Genet 2020; 11:565854. [PMID: 33193650 PMCID: PMC7554548 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.565854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence is limited on whether allopolyploid species combine or merge parental adaptations to broaden habitats. The allopolyploid Arabidopsis kamchatica is a hybrid of the two diploid parents Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis lyrata. A. halleri is a facultative heavy metal hyperaccumulator, and may be found in cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) contaminated environments, as well as non-contaminated environments. A. lyrata is considered non-tolerant to these metals, but can be found in serpentine habitats. Therefore, the parents have adaptation to different environments. Here, we measured heavy metals in soils from native populations of A. kamchatica. We found that soil Zn concentration of nearly half of the sampled 40 sites was higher than the critical toxicity level. Many of the sites were near human construction, suggesting adaptation of A. kamchatica to artificially contaminated soils. Over half of the A. kamchatica populations had >1,000 μg g–1 Zn in leaf tissues. Using hydroponic treatments, most genotypes accumulated >3,000 μg g–1 Zn, with high variability among them, indicating substantial genetic variation in heavy metal accumulation. Genes involved in heavy metal hyperaccumulation showed an expression bias in the A. halleri-derived homeolog in widely distributed plant genotypes. We also found that two populations were found growing on serpentine soils. These data suggest that A. kamchatica can inhabit a range of both natural and artificial soil environments with high levels of ions that either of the parents specializes and that it can accumulate varying amount of heavy metals. Our field and experimental data provide a compelling example of combining genetic toolkits for soil adaptations to expand the habitat of an allopolyploid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Paape
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Reiko Akiyama
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Teo Cereghetti
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yoshihiko Onda
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira S Hirao
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tanaka Kenta
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kentaro K Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Zhang L, Gao C, Chen C, Zhang W, Huang XY, Zhao FJ. Overexpression of Rice OsHMA3 in Wheat Greatly Decreases Cadmium Accumulation in Wheat Grains. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10100-10108. [PMID: 32697086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cereals are a major dietary source of the toxic metal cadmium (Cd). Reducing Cd accumulation in cereal crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) is important for food safety and human health. In this study, we show that three diverse cultivars of wheat had a high Cd translocation from roots to shoots, similar to a rice (Oryza sativa) cultivar possessing a nonfunctional tonoplast Cd transporter OsHMA3. We investigated the function of TaHMA3 genes in wheat. Three TaHMA3 genes were identified in wheat, all of which encode tonoplast-localized proteins. However, heterologous expression of TaHMA3 genes in yeast showed no transport activities for Cd, which likely explains the low Cd sequestration in wheat roots and subsequently the high Cd translocation to wheat shoots. To increase Cd sequestration in wheat roots, we overexpressed a rice functional OsHMA3 gene in wheat driven by a strong constitutive Ubiquitin promoter. Overexpression of the OsHMA3 gene decreased root-to-shoot Cd translocation in wheat by nearly 10-fold and Cd accumulation in wheat grain by 96%. The results suggest that high Cd translocation is a common trait in wheat caused by a loss of the Cd transport function of TaHMA3 proteins. Transgenic wheat overexpressing a functional OsHMA3 gene offers a highly effective solution to decrease Cd accumulation in wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Mahey S, Kumar R, Sharma M, Kumar V, Bhardwaj R. A critical review on toxicity of cobalt and its bioremediation strategies. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-3020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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134
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Cheema AI, Liu G, Yousaf B, Abbas Q, Zhou H. A comprehensive review of biogeochemical distribution and fractionation of lead isotopes for source tracing in distinct interactive environmental compartments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:135658. [PMID: 31874752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a non-essential and extremely noxious metallic-element whose biogeochemical cycle has been influenced predominantly by increasing human activities to a great extent. The introduction and enrichment of this ubiquitous contaminant in the terrestrial-environment has a long history and getting more attention due to its adverse health effects to living organisms even at very low exposure levels. Its lethal-effects can vary widely depending on the atmospheric-depositions, fates and distribution of Pb isotopes (i.e., 204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb &208Pb) in the terrestrial-environment. Thus, it is essential to understand the depositional behavior and transformation mechanism of Pb and the factors affecting Pb isotopes composition in the terrestrial-compartments. Owing to the persistence nature of Pb-isotopic fractions, regardless of ongoing biogeochemical-processes taking place in soils and in other interlinked terrestrial-compartments of the biosphere makes Pb isotope ratios (Pb-IRs) more recognizable as a powerful and an efficient-tool for tracing the source(s) and helped uncover pertinent migration and transformation processes. This review discusses the ongoing developments in tracing migration pathway and distribution of lead in various terrestrial-compartments and investigates the processes regulating the Pb isotope geochemistry taking into account the source identification of lead, its transformation among miscellaneous terrestrial-compartments and detoxification mechanism in soil-plant system. Additionally, this compendium reveals that Pb-pools in various terrestrial-compartments differ in Pb isotopic fractionations. In order to improve understanding of partition behaviors and biogeochemical pathways of Pb isotope in the terrestrial environment, future works should involve investigation of changes in Pb isotopic compositions during weathering processes and atmospheric-biological sub-cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Imtiyaz Cheema
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, PR China.
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, PR China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Qumber Abbas
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Huihui Zhou
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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135
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Ismael MA, Elyamine AM, Moussa MG, Cai M, Zhao X, Hu C. Cadmium in plants: uptake, toxicity, and its interactions with selenium fertilizers. Metallomics 2020; 11:255-277. [PMID: 30632600 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cd is the third major contaminant of greatest hazard to the environment after mercury and lead and is considered as the only metal that poses health risks to both humans and animals at plant tissue concentrations that are generally not phytotoxic. Cd accumulation in plant shoots depends on Cd entry through the roots, sequestration within root vacuoles, translocation in the xylem and phloem, and Cd dilution within the plant shoot throughout its growth. Several metal transporters, processes, and channels are involved from the first step of Cd reaching the root cells and until its final accumulation in the edible parts of the plant. It is hard to demonstrate one step as the pivotal factor to decide the Cd tolerance or accumulation ability of plants since the role of a specific transporter/process varies among plant species and even cultivars. In this review, we discuss the sources of Cd pollutants, Cd toxicity to plants, and mechanisms of Cd uptake and redistribution in plant tissues. The metal transporters involved in Cd transport within plant tissues are also discussed and how their manipulation can control Cd uptake and/or translocation. Finally, we discuss the beneficial effects of Se on plants under Cd stress, and how it can minimize or mitigate Cd toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Ismael
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Research Center of Trace Elements, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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136
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Zhang BQ, Liu XS, Feng SJ, Zhao YN, Wang LL, Rono JK, Li H, Yang ZM. Developing a cadmium resistant rice genotype with OsHIPP29 locus for limiting cadmium accumulation in the paddy crop. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125958. [PMID: 32069726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Widespread contamination of agricultural soil with toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd) is a major threat to crop production and human health. Metallochaperones are a unique class of proteins that play pivotal roles in detoxifying metallic ions inside cells. In this study, we investigated the biological function of an uncharacterized metallochaperone termed OsHIPP29 in rice plants and showed that OsHIPP29 resides in the plasma membrane and nucleus and detoxifies excess Cd and Zn. OsHIPP29 was primarily expressed in shoots during the vegetative stage and in leaf sheath and spikelet at the flowering stage. It can be differentially induced by excess Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn. To identify the function of OsHIPP29 in mediating rice response to Cd stress, we examined a pair of OsHIPP29 mutants, RNAi lines and transgenic rice overexpressing OsHIPP29 (OX) under Cd stress. Both mutant and RNAi lines are sensitive to Cd in growth as reflected in decreased plant height and dry biomass. In contrast, the OX lines showed better growth under Cd exposure. Consistent with the phenotype, the OX lines accumulated less Cd in both root and shoot tissues, whereas OsHIPP29 knockout led to higher accumulation of Cd. These results point out that expression of OsHIPP29 is able to contribute to Cd detoxification by reducing Cd accumulation in rice plants. Our work highlights the significance of OsHIPP29-mediated reduced Cd in rice plants, with important implications for further developing genotypes that will minimize Cd accumulation in rice and environmental risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xue Song Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Jun Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ya Ning Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Lei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Justice Kipkorir Rono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi Min Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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137
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De Caroli M, Furini A, DalCorso G, Rojas M, Di Sansebastiano GP. Endomembrane Reorganization Induced by Heavy Metals. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E482. [PMID: 32283794 PMCID: PMC7238196 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant cells maintain plasmatic concentrations of essential heavy metal ions, such as iron, zinc, and copper, within the optimal functional range. To do so, several molecular mechanisms have to be committed to maintain concentrations of non-essential heavy metals and metalloids, such as cadmium, mercury and arsenic below their toxicity threshold levels. Compartmentalization is central to heavy metals homeostasis and secretory compartments, finely interconnected by traffic mechanisms, are determinant. Endomembrane reorganization can have unexpected effects on heavy metals tolerance altering in a complex way membrane permeability, storage, and detoxification ability beyond gene's expression regulation. The full understanding of endomembrane role is propaedeutic to the comprehension of translocation and hyper-accumulation mechanisms and their applicative employment. It is evident that further studies on dynamic localization of these and many more proteins may significantly contribute to the understanding of heavy metals tolerance mechanisms. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about the endomembrane alterations involved in heavy metals compartmentalization and tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Caroli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Antonella Furini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Giovanni DalCorso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Makarena Rojas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Gian-Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (M.R.)
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138
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Chen J, Wang X, Zhang W, Zhang S, Zhao FJ. Protein phosphatase 2A alleviates cadmium toxicity by modulating ethylene production in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1008-1022. [PMID: 31916592 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is phytotoxic and detoxified primarily via phytochelatin (PC) complexation in Arabidopsis. Here, we explore Cd toxicity responses and defence mechanisms beyond the PC pathway using forward genetics approach. We isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana Cd-hypersensitive mutant, Cd-induced short root 1 (cdsr1) in the PC synthase mutant (cad1-3) background. Using genomic resequencing and complementation, we identified PP2A-4C as the causal gene for the mutant phenotype, which encodes a catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Root and shoot growth of cdsr1 cad1-3 and cdsr1 were more sensitive to Cd than their respective wild-type cad1-3 and Col-0. A mutant of the PP2A scaffolding subunit 1A was also more sensitive to Cd. PP2A-4C was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus and PP2A-4C expression was downregulated by Cd in cad1-3. PP2A enzyme activity was decreased in cdsr1 and cdsr1 cad1-3 under Cd stress. The expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase genes ACS2 and ACS6 was upregulated by Cd more in cad1-3 and cdsr1 cad1-3 than in Col-0 and the double mutant had a higher ACS activity. cdsr1 cad1-3 and cdsr1 overproduced ethylene under Cd stress. The results suggest that PP2A containing 1A and 4C subunits alleviates Cd-induced growth inhibition by modulating ethylene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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139
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Rai PK, Kim KH, Lee SS, Lee JH. Molecular mechanisms in phytoremediation of environmental contaminants and prospects of engineered transgenic plants/microbes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135858. [PMID: 31846820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about emerging environmental contaminants have been growing along with industrialization and urbanization around the globe. Among various options for remediating these contaminants, phytotechnology is suggested as a feasible option to maintain the environmental sustainability. The recent advances in phytoremediation, genetic/molecular/omics/metabolic engineering, and nanotechnology are opening new paths for efficient treatment of emerging organic/inorganic contaminants. In this respect, elucidation of molecular mechanisms and genetic engineering of hyperaccumulator plants is expected to enhance remediation of environmental contaminants. This review was organized to offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of phytoremediation and the prospects of transgenic hyperaccumulators with enhanced stress tolerance to diverse contaminants such as heavy metals and metalloids, xenobiotics, explosives, poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, and nanoparticles. The roles of genoremediation and nanoparticles in augmenting the phytoremediation technology are also described in an interrelated framework with biotechnological prospects (e.g., plant molecular nano-farming). Finally, political debate on the preferential use of crops versus non-crop hyperaccumulators in genoremediation, limitations of transgenics in phytotechnologies, and their public acceptance issues are discussed in the policy framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Rai
- Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26494, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hong Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34148, Republic of Korea
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140
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Xu X, Chen Q, Mo S, Qian Y, Wu X, Jin Y, Ding H. Transcriptome -wide modulation combined with morpho-physiological analyses of Typha orientalis roots in response to lead challenge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121405. [PMID: 31629596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a common pollutant in many environments, including in the soil, water, and/or air. Typha orientalis Presl, a large emergent aquatic plant, has been reported to function as a Pb-tolerant and Pb-accumulating plant; however, very little molecular information regarding the tolerance of T. orientalis towards Pb is known. In this study, Pb accumulation and key factors involved in the Pb stress response at different Pb concentrations were investigated. Pb was primarily accumulated in the roots and was mainly located in the cell wall and membrane systems. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in T. orientalis roots after Pb exposure via RNA-seq analyses. In the 0.10 mM and 0.25 mM Pb2+-treated groups, a total of 3275 DEGs were detected relative to the control. Many of these genes were associated with oxidation-reduction processes, metal transport, protein kinase/phosphorylation, and DNA binding transcription factors, which were shown to be Pb-responsive DEGs. Mapping Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" was analyzed as the major pathway of the important modules of overlapping DEGs of 0.10 mM and 0.25 mM Pb2+ treatments. Furthermore, a lead response gene named ToLR1 with unknown function was of particular interest. The full-length of ToLR1 sequence was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, which resulted in enhanced resistance to Pb stress. This is the first report providing genomic information detailing Pb responsive genes in T. orientalis. Moreover, this study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of T. orientalis and other accumulators towards Pb stress. The key genes identified in this study may serve as potential targets for genetic engineering targeting phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuangrong Mo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Haidong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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141
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Wang YM, Yang Q, Xu H, Liu YJ, Yang HL. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis provide novel insight into cobalt stress responses in willow. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2308. [PMID: 32047223 PMCID: PMC7012891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalt (Co) is an essential component of several enzymes and coenzymes in living organisms. Excess Co is highly toxic to plants. The knowledge of molecular response mechanisms to cobalt stress in plants is still limited, especially in woody plants. The responses of weeping willow (Salix babylonica) seedlings to Co stress were studied using morphological and physiochemical measurements and RNA-seq analysis. The physiological and biochemical indexes such as growth rate, the content of chlorophyll and soluble sugar, photosynthesis and peroxidase activity were all changed in willow seedlings under Co stress. The metal ion concentrations in willow including Cu, Zn and Mg were disturbed due to excess Co. Of 2002 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 1165 were root-specific DEGs and 837 were stem and leaf-specific DEGs. Further analysis of DEGs showed there were multiple complex cascades in the response network at the transcriptome level under Co stress. Detailed elucidation of responses to oxidative stress, phytohormone signaling-related genes and transcription factors (TFs), and detoxification of excess cellular Co ion indicated the various defense mechanisms in plants respond to cobalt stress. Our findings provide new and comprehensive insights into the plant tolerance to excess Co stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yan-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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142
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Huang X, Duan S, Wu Q, Yu M, Shabala S. Reducing Cadmium Accumulation in Plants: Structure-Function Relations and Tissue-Specific Operation of Transporters in the Spotlight. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E223. [PMID: 32050442 PMCID: PMC7076666 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is present in many soils and, when entering the food chain, represents a major health threat to humans. Reducing Cd accumulation in plants is complicated by the fact that most known Cd transporters also operate in the transport of essential nutrients such as Zn, Fe, Mn, or Cu. This work summarizes the current knowledge of mechanisms mediating Cd uptake, radial transport, and translocation within the plant. It is concluded that real progress in the field may be only achieved if the transport of Cd and the above beneficial micronutrients is uncoupled, and we discuss the possible ways of achieving this goal. Accordingly, we suggest that the major focus of research in the field should be on the structure-function relations of various transporter isoforms and the functional assessment of their tissue-specific operation. Of specific importance are two tissues. The first one is a xylem parenchyma in plant roots; a major "controller" of Cd loading into the xylem and its transport to the shoot. The second one is a phloem tissue that operates in the last step of a metal transport. Another promising and currently underexplored avenue is to understand the role of non-selective cation channels in Cd uptake and reveal mechanisms of their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (X.H.); (S.D.); (Q.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Songpo Duan
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (X.H.); (S.D.); (Q.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Qi Wu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (X.H.); (S.D.); (Q.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (X.H.); (S.D.); (Q.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (X.H.); (S.D.); (Q.W.); (M.Y.)
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
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143
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Lu Q, Weng Y, You Y, Xu Q, Li H, Li Y, Liu H, Du S. Inoculation with abscisic acid (ABA)-catabolizing bacteria can improve phytoextraction of heavy metal in contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113497. [PMID: 31733960 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Promotion of plant capacity for accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) is one of the key strategies in enhancing phytoremediation in contaminated soils. Here we report that, Rhodococcus qingshengii, an abscisic acid (ABA)-catabolizing bacteria, clearly boosts levels of Cd, Zn, and Ni in wild-type Arabidopsis by 47, 24, and 30%, respectively, but no increase in Cu was noted, when compared with non-inoculated Arabidopsis plants in contaminated growth substrate. Furthermore, when compared with wild-type plants, R.qingshengii-induced increases in Cd, Zn, and Ni concentrations were more pronounced in abi1/hab1/abi2 (ABA-sensitive mutant) strains of Arabidopsis, whereas little effect was observed in snrk2.2/2.3 (ABA insensitive mutant). This demonstrates that metabolizing ABA might be indispensable for R. qingshengii to improve metal accumulation in plants. Bacterial inoculation significantly elevated the expression of Cd, Zn, and Ni-related transporters; whereas the transcript levels of Cu transporters remained unchanged. This result may be a reasonable explanation for why the uptake of Cd, Zn, and Ni in plants was stimulated by bacterial inoculation, while no effect was observed on Cu levels. From our results, we clearly demonstrate that R. qingshengii can increase the accumulation of Cd, Zn, and Ni in plants via an ABA-mediated HM transporters-associated mechanism. Metabolizing ABA in the plants by ABA-catabolizing bacterial inoculation might be an alternative strategy to improve phytoremediation efficiency in HMs contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yineng Weng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yue You
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qianru Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Haiyue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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144
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Lwalaba JLW, Louis LT, Zvobgo G, Richmond MEA, Fu L, Naz S, Mwamba M, Mundende RPM, Zhang G. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of cobalt and copper interaction in causing phyto-toxicity to two barley genotypes differing in Co tolerance. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109866. [PMID: 31677568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) in their toxicity to plants is poorly studied although these two metals co-exist commonly in soil. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of longer exposure of two barley genotypes differing in Co tolerance to the combined Co and Cu stress. The results confirmed the previous findings that Co accumulation in plant tissues was reduced by Cu presence, while Cu accumulation was stimulated by Co presence. Moreover, both single and combined treatments of Co and Cu reduced the mineral (Mn, Zn and K) uptake. Co and Cu applied alone or in combination at rate of 50 μM resulted in the significant reduction of plant growth and increase of oxidative stress (ROS and MDA), and meanwhile the capacity of scavenging active oxygen species (AOS) was enhanced, reflected by increased phytochelatin (PC) and glutathione (GSH and GSSG) content, as well as expression of the related genes (HvPCS1 and HvGR1). Yan66, a Co tolerant genotype was less affected in oxidative stress, and had higher AOS scavenging capacity in comparison with Ea52, a Co sensitive one. Among three HvSOD isoforms, only HvFeSOD expression was up-regulated in the combined treatment relative to control as well as the treatment of Co or Cu alone, while HvCuZnSOD and HvMnSOD were down-regulated and unaffected, respectively. In addition, the expressions of metal transporter genes (HvHMA2, HvHMA3 and HvHMA5) varied with genotype and metal treatments, with the extent being greater in Yan66 on the whole. The results suggest that upon longer exposure to the combined stress of Co and Cu, the greater phyto-toxicity than each element alone is associated with more Cu accumulation stimulated by Co and that, the higher regulation of transporter genes observed in Yan66 could in part explain for its higher metal tolerance ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lwalaba Wa Lwalaba
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Department of Crops Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Université de Lubumbashi, PO Box 1825, Lubumbashi, DR, Congo
| | - Laurence Tennyson Louis
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Gerald Zvobgo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Marvin Eusi Ambrose Richmond
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Liangbo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shama Naz
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Mulembo Mwamba
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Department of Crops Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Université de Lubumbashi, PO Box 1825, Lubumbashi, DR, Congo
| | | | - Guoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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Luo JS, Xiao Y, Yao J, Wu Z, Yang Y, Ismail AM, Zhang Z. Overexpression of a Defensin-Like Gene CAL2 Enhances Cadmium Accumulation in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:217. [PMID: 32174951 PMCID: PMC7057248 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation and detoxification of cadmium in rice shoots are of great importance for adaptation to grow in cadmium contaminated soils and for limiting the transport of Cd to grains. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the processes involved in this regulation remain largely unknown. Defensin proteins play important roles in heavy metal tolerance and accumulation in plants. In rice, the cell wall-localized defensin protein (CAL1) is involved in Cd efflux and partitioning to the shoots. In the present study, we functionally characterized the CAL2 defensin protein and determined its contribution to Cd accumulation. CAL2 shared 66% similarity with CAL1, and its mRNA accumulation is mainly observed in roots and is unaffected by Cd stress, but its transcription level was lower than that of CAL1 based on the relative expression of CAL2/Actin1 observed in this study and that reported previously. A promoter-GUS assay revealed that CAL2 is expressed in root tips. Stable expression of the CAL2-mRFP fusion protein indicated that CAL2 is also localized in the cell walls. An in vitro Cd binding experiment revealed that CAL2 has Cd chelation activity. Overexpression of CAL2 increased Cd accumulation in Arabidopsis and rice shoots, but it had no effect on the accumulation of other essential elements. Heterologous expression of CAL2 enhanced Cd sensitivity in Arabidopsis, whereas overexpression of CAL2 had no effect on Cd tolerance in rice. These findings indicate that CAL2 positively regulates Cd accumulation in ectopic overexpression lines of Arabidopsis and rice. We have identified a new gene regulating Cd accumulation in rice grain, which would provide a new genetic resource for molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Luo
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, China
| | - Junyue Yao
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, China
| | | | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenhua Zhang,
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146
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Hu B, Deng F, Chen G, Chen X, Gao W, Long L, Xia J, Chen ZH. Evolution of Abscisic Acid Signaling for Stress Responses to Toxic Metals and Metalloids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:909. [PMID: 32765540 PMCID: PMC7379394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Toxic heavy metals and metalloids in agricultural ecosystems are crucial factors that limit global crop productivity and food safety. Industrial toxic heavy metals and metalloids such as cadmium, lead, and arsenic have contaminated large areas of arable land in the world and their accumulation in the edible parts of crops is causing serious health risks to humans and animals. Plants have co-evolved with various concentrations of these toxic metals and metalloids in soil and water. Some green plant species have significant innovations in key genes for the adaptation of abiotic stress tolerance pathways that are able to tolerate heavy metals and metalloids. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in the alleviation of heavy metal and metalloid stresses in plants. Here, we trace the evolutionary origins of the key gene families connecting ABA signaling with tolerance to heavy metals and metalloids in green plants. We also summarize the molecular and physiological aspects of ABA in the uptake, root-to-shoot translocation, chelation, sequestration, reutilization, and accumulation of key heavy metals and metalloids in plants. The molecular evolution and interaction between the ABA signaling pathway and mechanisms for heavy metal and metalloid tolerance are highlighted in this review. Therefore, we propose that it is promising to manipulate ABA signaling in plant tissues to reduce the uptake and accumulation of toxic heavy metals and metalloids in crops through the application of ABA-producing bacteria or ABA analogues. This may lead to improvements in tolerance of major crops to heavy metals and metalloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fenglin Deng, ; Zhong-Hua Chen,
| | - Guang Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Fenglin Deng, ; Zhong-Hua Chen,
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147
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Pita-Barbosa A, Ricachenevsky FK, Wilson M, Dottorini T, Salt DE. Transcriptional plasticity buffers genetic variation in zinc homeostasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19482. [PMID: 31862901 PMCID: PMC6925235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, Zn can be either loaded into the xylem for translocation to the shoot or stored in vacuoles. Vacuolar storage is achieved through the action of the Zn/Cd transporter HMA3 (Heavy Metal Atpase 3). The Col-0 accession has an HMA3 loss-of-function allele resulting in high shoot Cd, when compared to accession CSHL-5 which has a functional allele and low shoot Cd. Interestingly, both Col-0 and CSHL-5 have similar shoot Zn concentrations. We hypothesize that plants sense changes in cytosolic Zn that are due to variation in HMA3 function, and respond by altering expression of genes related to Zn uptake, transport and compartmentalisation, in order to maintain Zn homeostasis. The expression level of genes known to be involved in Zn homeostasis were quantified in both wild-type Col-0 and Col-0::HMA3CSHL-5 plants transformed with the functional CSHL-5 allele of HMA3. We observed significant positive correlations between expression of HMA3 and of genes known to be involved in Zn homeostasis, including ZIP3, ZIP4, MTP1, and bZIP19. The results support our hypothesis that alteration in the level of function of HMA3 is counterbalanced by the fine regulation of the Zn homeostasis gene network in roots of A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pita-Barbosa
- Center for Coastal, Limnology and Marine Studies, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Litoral Norte Campus, Imbé, RS, 95625-000, Brazil
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Felipe K Ricachenevsky
- Biology Department, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Michael Wilson
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Tania Dottorini
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK.
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148
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Yang L, Wei Y, Li N, Zeng J, Han Y, Zuo Z, Wang S, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Sun J, Wang Y. Declined cadmium accumulation in Na +/H + antiporter (NHX1) transgenic duckweed under cadmium stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109397. [PMID: 31299476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a serious threat to plants health. Though some genes have been reported to get involved in the regulation of tolerance to Cd, the mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX1) plays an important role in Na+/H+ trafficking. The salt and cadmium stress tolerance were found to be enhanced by NHX1 in duckweed according to our previous study, however, its function in Cd2+ flux under Cd stress has not been studied. Here we explored the Cd2+ flux in wild type (WT) and NHX1 transgenic duckweed (NHX1) under Cd stress. We found that the Cd2+ influx in NHX1 duckweed was significantly declined, followed by an increased Cd2+ efflux after 20 min treatment of Cd, which resulted a less accumulation of Cd in NHX1. Reversely, inhibition of NHX1 by amiloride treatment, enhanced Cd2+ influx in NHX1 duckweed, subsequently delayed Cd2+ efflux in both genotypes of duckweed under Cd2+ shock. H+ efflux in NHX1 duckweed was lower compare with that in WT with 20 min Cd2+ shock. NHX1 also increased the pH value with Cd2+ stress in the transgenic rhizoid. These finding suggested a new function of NHX1 in regulation of Cd2+ and H+ flow during short-term Cd2+ shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianyao Zeng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Han
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Sutong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Yerong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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149
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Zhang L, Wu J, Tang Z, Huang XY, Wang X, Salt DE, Zhao FJ. Variation in the BrHMA3 coding region controls natural variation in cadmium accumulation in Brassica rapa vegetables. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5865-5878. [PMID: 31367770 PMCID: PMC6812716 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Brassica rapa includes several important leafy vegetable crops with the potential for high cadmium (Cd) accumulation, posing a risk to human health. This study aims to understand the genetic basis underlying the variation in Cd accumulation among B. rapa vegetables. Cd uptake and translocation in 64 B. rapa accessions were compared. The role of the heavy metal ATPase gene BrHMA3 in the variation of Cd accumulation was investigated. BrHMA3 encodes a tonoplast-localized Cd transporter. Five full-length and four truncated haplotypes of the BrHMA3 coding sequence were identified, explaining >80% of the variation in the Cd root to shoot translocation among the 64 accessions and in F2 progeny. Truncated BrHMA3 haplotypes had a 2.3 and 9.3 times higher shoot Cd concentration and Cd translocation ratio, respectively, than full-length haplotypes. When expressed in yeast and Arabidopsis thaliana, full-length BrHMA3 showed activity consistent with a Cd transport function, whereas truncated BrHMA3 did not. Variation in the BrHMA3 promoter sequence had little effect on Cd translocation. Variation in the BrHMA3 coding sequence is a key determinant of Cd translocation to and accumulation in the leaves of B. rapa. Strong alleles of BrHMA3 can be used to breed for B. rapa vegetables that are low in Cd in their edible portions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Correspondence:
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150
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Cao Y, Zhao X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wu W, Jiang Y, Liao C, Xu X, Gao S, Shen Y, Lan H, Zou C, Pan G, Lin H. Genome-wide identification of ZmHMAs and association of natural variation in ZmHMA2 and ZmHMA3 with leaf cadmium accumulation in maize. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7877. [PMID: 31660268 PMCID: PMC6815194 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
P1B-type ATPases, known as heavy metal ATPases (HMAs), play an important role in the control of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in plants. In this study, a total of 12 ZmHMA genes were identified in the maize genome and particularly classified into six clusters based on their phylogenetic relationship and motif compositions. Furthermore, the expression patterns of different ZmHMA genes varied with developmental stages, and were tissue specific under normal conditions. ZmHMA2 and ZmHMA3 genes exhibited significant up-regulation under Cd treatment. Eventually, the association analysis between 103 inbred lines and alleles in ZmHMA2 and ZmHMA3 revealed that one insertion–deletion (InDel) in the intron from ZmHMA2 was associated with leaf Cd concentration under low Cd condition at the seedling stage. Twenty polymorphisms in ZmHMA3 were significantly associated with leaf Cd concentration under various Cd levels at seedling and maturing stages. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two InDels of these significantly associated polymorphic loci from ZmHMA3 caused the amino acid substitutions and insertion or deletion events. Importantly, the proteins encoded by ZmHMA2 and ZmHMA3 genes were located in the plasma membrane. This comprehensive analysis will provide an important theoretical basis for future functional verification of ZmHMA genes to unravel the mechanisms of Cd accumulation in leaves of maize. Additionally, the favorable alleles in ZmHMA3 will lay a foundation for the marker-assisted selection of low Cd accumulation in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Cao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiongwei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yalong Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenmei Wu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Changjian Liao
- Crop Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environment Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaou Shen
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Lan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoying Zou
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangtang Pan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haijian Lin
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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