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Li Q, Zhang X, Zhao P, Chen Y, Ni D, Wang M. Metal tolerance protein CsMTP4 has dual functions in maintaining zinc homeostasis in tea plant. J Hazard Mater 2024; 471:134308. [PMID: 38631255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a series of zinc (Zn) homeostasis mechanisms to cope with the fluctuating Zn in the environment. How Zn is taken up, translocated and tolerate by tea plant remains unknown. In this study, on the basis of RNA-Sequencing, we isolated a plasma membrane-localized Metal Tolerance Protein (MTP) family member CsMTP4 from Zn-deficient tea plant roots and investigated its role in regulation of Zn homeostasis in tea plant. Heterologous expression of CsMTP4 specifically enhanced the tolerance of transgenic yeast to Zn excess. Moreover, overexpression of CsMTP4 in tea plant hairy roots stimulated Zn uptake under Zn deficiency. In addition, CsMTP4 promoted the growth of transgenic Arabidopsis plants by translocating Zn from roots to shoots under Zn deficiency and conferred the tolerance to Zn excess by enhancing the efflux of Zn from root cells. Transcriptome analysis of the CsMTP4 transgenic Arabidopsis found that the expression of Zn metabolism-related genes were differentially regulated compared with wild-type plants when exposed to Zn deficiency and excess conditions. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of Zn uptake and translocation in plants and a new strategy to improve phytoremediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Peiling Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mingle Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Wang X, Zhang M, Ma J, Tie Y, Wang S. Biochemical Markers of Zinc Nutrition. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04091-x. [PMID: 38319550 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Zinc is an important trace element involved in the biochemical and physiological functions of the organism and is essential in the human body. It has been reported that 17.3% of people around the world are at risk of many diseases due to zinc deficiency, which has already affected people's healthy lives. Currently, mild zinc deficiency is difficult to diagnose early due to the lack of typical clinical manifestations, so finding zinc biomarkers is crucial for people's health. The present article reviews the main representative zinc biomarkers, such as body fluid zinc levels, zinc-dependent proteins, tissue zinc, and zinc-containing enzymes, to provide a reference for actively promoting the study of zinc nutritional status and early clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Wang
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063210, China
| | - Menghui Zhang
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063210, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050071, China
| | - Yanqing Tie
- Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, China.
| | - Shusong Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050071, China.
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3
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Sanusi KO, Abubakar MB, Ibrahim KG, Imam MU. Transgenerational Effects of Maternal Zinc Deficiency on Zinc Transporters in Drosophila melanogaster. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04071-1. [PMID: 38277121 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition, including the availability of micronutrients such as zinc, influences the health of the offspring. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we studied the impact of zinc deficiency on development and reproduction, as well as the effects of maternal zinc status on the offspring's expression of zinc transporters across F1 to F3 generations. Zinc deficiency was induced by adding N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine (TPEN) to the diet on which the eggs representing the F0 generation flies were laid. Then, virgin F0 females were mated with control males to produce F1, and subsequently thereafter to generate F2 and F3. Offspring from F1 to F3 were analyzed for body zinc status and zinc transporter mRNA levels. We found that zinc deficiency significantly (p < 0.05) impaired the development of flies, as evidenced by a reduced eclosion rate of zinc-deficient flies. Similarly, zinc deficiency significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the egg-laying rate in F0 flies, highlighting its impact on reproductive functions. Also, zinc levels were consistently lower in the F0 and persisted in subsequent generations for both male and female offspring, indicating transgenerational alterations in zinc status. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) variations in the mRNA levels of dZip42C.1, dZnT63C, dZip71B, and dZnT35C genes across different generations and between male and female offspring. These findings indicate gender-specific dynamics of gene expression in response to zinc deficiency, suggesting potential regulatory mechanisms involved in maintaining zinc homeostasis. Our study emphasizes the detrimental effects of zinc deficiency on development and reproduction in Drosophila and highlights potential implications for offspring and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaldeen Olalekan Sanusi
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria.
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Cabeza M. Current Understanding of Androgen Signaling in Prostatitis and its Treatment: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:CMC-EPUB-137466. [PMID: 38243983 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673279207231228070533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis is a highly prevalent condition that significantly impacts the quality of life and fertility of men. Because of its heterogeneous nature, there is no definitive treatment, which requires ongoing research into its etiology. Additionally, the association between prostatitis and an elevated risk of prostate cancer highlights the importance of comprehending androgen involvement in prostatitis. This paper examines the current understanding of androgen signaling in prostatitis and explores contemporary therapeutic approaches. We reviewed Medline articles comprehensively, using keywords such as nonbacterial prostatitis, prostatitis infertility, androgen role in prostatitis, and chronic pelvic pain. Several cellular targets are linked to androgen signaling. Notably, the major tyrosine phosphatase activity (cPAcP) in normal human prostate is influenced by androgen signaling, and its serum levels inversely correlate with prostate cancer progression. Androgens also regulate membrane-associated zinc and pyruvate transporters transduction in prostate cells, suggesting promising avenues for novel drug development aimed at inhibiting these molecules to reduce cancer tumor growth. Various therapies for prostatitis have been evaluated, including antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications (including bioflavonoids), neuromodulators, alpha-blockers, 5α-reductase inhibitors, and androgen receptor antagonists. These therapies have demonstrated varying degrees of success in ameliorating symptoms. In conclusion, aging decreases circulating T and intraprostatic DHT, altering the proper functioning of the prostate, reducing the ability of androgens to maintain normal Zn2+ levels, and diminishing the secretion of citrate, PAcP, and other proteins into the prostatic fluid. The Zn2+-transporter decreases or is absent in prostate cancer, so the pyruvate transporter activates. Consequently, the cell ATP increases, inducing tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Cabeza
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco. Calzada del Hueso #1100. CDMX 04960, México
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Sun B, Ma J, Te L, Zuo X, Liu J, Li Y, Bi J, Wang S. Zinc-Deficient Diet Causes Imbalance in Zinc Homeostasis and Impaired Autophagy and Impairs Semen Quality in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2396-2406. [PMID: 35713811 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for human growth and its deficiency causes huge health impacts. The present study was conducted to examine the mechanisms by which Zn-deficient diet impairs reproductive function and its reversibility. Hence, SPF grade male Kunming (KM) mice were divided into three groups. Zn-normal diet group (ZN group) was provided with Zn-normal diet (Zn content = 30 mg/kg, DY19410Y) for 8 weeks. Zn-deficient diet group (ZD group) was provided with Zn-deficient diet (Zn content < 1 mg/kg, DY19401) for 8 weeks. Zn-deficient and Zn-normal diet group (ZDN group) was provided with 4 weeks Zn-deficient diet followed by 4 weeks Zn-normal diet. After 8 weeks, the overnight-fasted mice were sacrificed, and blood and organs were collected for further analysis. The results showed that Zn-deficient diet caused testicular structural disorders, decreased semen quality, imbalance in zinc homeostasis, and impaired autophagy. Semen quality, testosterone, serum Zn, testicular tissue Zn, testicular free Zn ions, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), zinc transporter 7(ZnT7), Beclin1, autophagy-related 5(ATG5), and the ratio of light chain 3(LC3) II/LC3I were significantly decreased, and ZnT4, Zrt-, Irt-like protein7 (ZIP7), and ZIP13 expression were significantly increased in ZD group mice, while the changes in above indicators caused by Zn-deficient diet were significantly alleviated in the ZDN group. It was concluded that Zn-deficient diet causes testicular structural disorders and decreased semen quality by causing imbalances in Zn homeostasis and impaired autophagy in male mice. Reproductive damages caused by Zn-deficient diet are reversible, and Zn-normal diet can alleviate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jing Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Healthy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Institute of Reproductive Health Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050071, China
| | - Liger Te
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuejia Li
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jiajie Bi
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Shusong Wang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Healthy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Institute of Reproductive Health Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050071, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China.
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Yang Z, Wang YE, Kirschke CP, Stephensen CB, Newman JW, Keim NL, Cai Y, Huang L. Effects of a genetic variant rs13266634 in the zinc transporter 8 gene (SLC30A8) on insulin and lipid levels before and after a high-fat mixed macronutrient tolerance test in U.S. adults. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 77:127142. [PMID: 36827808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common C-allele of rs13266634 (c.973C>T or p.Arg325Trp) in SLC30A8 (ZNT8) is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. While previous studies have examined the correlation of the variant with insulin and glucose metabolism, the effects of this variant on insulin and lipid responses after a lipid challenge in humans remain elusive. The goal of this study was to determine whether the C-allele had an impact on an individual's risk to metabolic syndromes in U.S. adults. METHOD We studied the genotypes of rs13266634 in 349 individuals aged between 18 and 65 y with BMI ranging from 18.5 to 45 kg/m2. The subjects were evaluated for insulin, glucose, HbA1c, ghrelin, and lipid profiles before and after a high-fat mixed macronutrient tolerance test (MMTT). RESULTS We found that the effects of variants rs13266634 on glucose and lipid metabolism were sex-dimorphic, greater impact on males than on females. Insulin incremental area under the curve (AUC) after MMTT was significantly decreased in men with the CC genotype (p < 0.05). Men with the CC genotype also had the lowest fasting non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. On the other hand, the TT genotype was associated with a slower triglyceride removal from the circulation in men after MMTT. The reduced triglyceride removal was also observed in subjects with BMI ≥ 30 carrying either the heterozygous or homozygous T-allele. Nevertheless, the SNP had little effect on fasting or postprandial blood glucose and cholesterol concentrations. CONCLUSION We conclude that the CC genotype negatively affects insulin response after MMTT while the T-allele may negatively influence lipolysis during fasting and postprandial blood triglyceride removal in men and obese subjects, a novel finding in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Yang
- Graduate Group of Nutritional Biology, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yining E Wang
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Catherine P Kirschke
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- Graduate Group of Nutritional Biology, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John W Newman
- Graduate Group of Nutritional Biology, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Graduate Group of Nutritional Biology, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yimeng Cai
- Graduate Group of Nutritional Biology, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Liping Huang
- Graduate Group of Nutritional Biology, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Sue AC, Wignall SM, Woodruff TK, O'Halloran TV. Zinc transporters ZIPT-2.4 and ZIPT-15 are required for normal C. elegans fecundity. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022. [PMID: 35501415 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The requirement of zinc for the development and maturation of germ lines and reproductive systems is deeply conserved across evolution. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans offers a tractable platform to study the complex system of distributing zinc to the germ line. We investigated several zinc importers to investigate how zinc transporters play a role in the reproductive system in nematodes, as well as establish a platform to study zinc transporter biology in germline and reproductive development. METHODS Previous high throughput transcriptional datasets as well as phylogenetic analysis identified several putative zinc transporters that have a function in reproduction in worms. Phenotypic analysis of CRISPR-generated knockouts and tags included characterization of offspring output, gonad development, and protein localization. Light and immunofluorescence microscopy allowed for visualization of physiological and molecular effects of zinc transporter mutations. RESULTS Disruption of two zinc transporters, ZIPT-2.4 and ZIPT-15, was shown to lead to defects in reproductive output. A mutation in zipt-2.4 has subtle effects on reproduction, while a mutation in zipt-15 has a clear impact on gonad and germline development that translates into a more pronounced defect in fecundity. Both transporters have germline expression, as well as additional expression in other cell types. CONCLUSIONS Two ZIP-family zinc transporter orthologs of human ZIP6/10 and ZIP1/2/3 proteins are important for full reproductive fecundity and participate in development of the gonad. Notably, these zinc transporters are present in gut and reproductive tissues in addition to the germ line, consistent with a complex zinc trafficking network important for reproductive success.
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Hennigar SR, Olson CI, Kelley AM, McClung JP. Slc39a4 in the small intestine predicts zinc absorption and utilization: a comprehensive analysis of zinc transporter expression in response to diets of varied zinc content in young mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 101:108927. [PMID: 34843931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc homeostasis is primarily maintained by zinc transporters that regulate zinc uptake and efflux in the small intestine; however, the relative contribution of the many zinc transporters identified (Slc39a1-14, Slc30a1-10) to dietary zinc absorption and utilization remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of Slc39a1-14 and Slc30a1-10 in the small intestine and their relative contribution to dietary zinc absorption in mice. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed modified AIN-93G diets containing <1, 30, or 100ppm zinc (n=15 mice/diet). Following 1 week of feeding, mice were given an oral gavage containing 67Zn and liver and plasma isotope appearance was determined 6-h later by ICP-MS. Expression of Slc39a1-14 and Slc30a1-10 was determined in mucosa from duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Plasma and liver total zinc concentrations were not different after one week of feeding (P>.05). Liver and plasma appearance of 67Zn was greater in mice fed <1ppm compared to the 30ppm (P<.0001) and 100ppm (P<.0001) zinc diets. With the exception of Slc39a2, Slc39a12, Slc30a3, and Slc30a8, the remaining zinc transporters were expressed across all diets and intestinal segments. Expression of Slc39a4, Slc39a11, and Slc30a6 changed with diet (Pdiet<.05 for all); expression of Slc39a5, Slc39a7, Slc39a11, Slc39a14, Slc30a1, Slc30a2, Slc30a4, Slc30a5, Slc30a7, and Slc30a10 changed by intestinal segment (Psegment<.05 for all). Slc39a4 was the only transporter positively associated with liver (r2=0.316, P<.001) and plasma (r2=0.189, P<.01) 67Zn appearance. Although most zinc transporters are expressed in the small intestine, intestinal Slc39a4 predicts fractional zinc absorption and utilization in young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hennigar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, Massachusetts, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, Maryland, USA.
| | - Cassandra I Olson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Alyssa M Kelley
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, Massachusetts, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, Maryland, USA
| | - James P McClung
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Fungal pathogens now account for an unprecedented burden on human health. Like all microorganisms, these fungi must successfully forage for essential micronutrients such as zinc in order to proliferate. However, pathogenic microbes face an additional hurdle in securing zinc from their environment: the action of host nutritional immunity which strictly manipulates microbial access to this essential, but also potentially toxic trace metal. This review introduces the relevant pathogenic species and goes on to cover the molecular mechanisms of zinc uptake by human fungal pathogens. Fungi scavenge zinc from their environment via two basic mechanisms: via a family of cellular zinc importers-the ZIP transporters; and via a unique secreted zinc binding protein-the zincophore. However the genetic requirement of these systems for fungal virulence is highly species-specific. As well as zinc scarcity, potential intoxification with this heavy metal can occur and, unlike bacteria, fungi deal with environmental insult this via intraorganellar compartmentalization. Zinc availability also modulates the morphogenic behavior of a subset of pathogenic yeast species. This chapter will cover these different aspects of zinc availability on the physiology of human fungal pathogens with emphasis on the major pathogenic species Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Wilson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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Li L, Zhou W, Miao S, Dong X, Zou X. Effects of Zinc on Cell Proliferation, Zinc Transport, and Calcium Deposition in Primary Endometrial Epithelial Cells of Laying Hens In Vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4251-4259. [PMID: 33615394 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
For birds, the uterus is an important part for eggshell mineralization, and the establishment of the endometrial epithelial cell (EEC) model was beneficial to the study of uterine function. This study was conducted to establish a culture model of primary EECs of laying hens and explore the effects of zinc on primary EEC proliferation, zinc transport, and calcium deposition in vitro. The EECs were isolated and cultured via type I collagenase digestion, and in the logarithmic phase during 2-5 days, and then reached the plateau phase on the 7th day of inoculation. Results showed that the proliferation of EECs treated by 50 μM ZnSO4 or zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) were markedly promoted at 24-h or 48-h treating time (P < 0.05). In later experiments, the EECs were divided into three groups, involving a control group (no zinc treated), ZnSO4 group (50 μM zinc treated) and a Zn-Met group (50 μM zinc treated). Results showed the relative fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ in the Zn-Met group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). As for zinc transporters, it was only observed that mRNA levels of metallothionein (MT) in EECs showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the Zn-Met group and the control. In conclusion, the EECs of laying hens isolated by scraping and digested collagenase I were with better adherent growth. Moreover, Zn-Met can increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration and upregulate expressions of MT mRNA in the EECs of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Sasa Miao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Tamura Y. The Role of Zinc Homeostasis in the Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:1109-1122. [PMID: 34148917 PMCID: PMC8592709 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health and is involved in various biological functions, such as growth, metabolism, and immune function. In recent years, research on intracellular zinc dynamics has progressed, and it has become clear that zinc transporters strictly control intracellular zinc localization, zinc regulates the functions of various proteins and signal transduction pathways as a second messenger similar to calcium ions, and intracellular zinc dyshomeostasis is associated with impaired insulin synthesis, secretion, sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and vascular function. Numerous animal and human studies have shown that zinc deficiency may be associated with the risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and zinc administration might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Therefore, an understanding of zinc biology may help the establishment of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and CVDs. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the role of zinc homeostasis in the pathogenesis of diabetes and atherosclerosis and will discuss the potential of zinc in the prevention of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Tamura
- Division of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
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12
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Tan CH, Kornfeld K. Zinc is an intracellular signal during sperm activation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development 2021; 148:273336. [PMID: 34739028 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sperm activation is a rapid and dramatic cell differentiation event that does not involve changes in transcription, and the signaling cascades that mediate this process have not been fully defined. zipt-7.1 encodes a zinc transporter, and zipt-7.1(lf) mutants display sperm-activation defects, leading to the hypothesis that zinc signaling mediates sperm activation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we describe the development of a method for dynamic imaging of labile zinc during sperm activation using the zinc-specific fluorescence probe FluoZin-3 AM and time-lapse confocal imaging. Two phases of dynamic changes in labile zinc levels were observed during sperm activation. Forced zinc entry using the zinc ionophore pyrithione activated sperm in vitro, and it suppressed the defects of zipt-7.1(lf) mutants, indicating that high levels of cytosolic zinc are sufficient for sperm activation. We compared activation by zinc pyrithione to activation by extracellular zinc, the Na+/H+ antiporter monensin and the protease cocktail pronase in multiple mutant backgrounds. These results indicate that the protease pathway does not require zinc signaling, suggesting that zinc signaling is sufficient to activate sperm but is not always necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsiang Tan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kerry Kornfeld
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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13
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Liu J, Xu C, Yu X, Zuo Q. Expression profiles of SLC39A/ZIP7, ZIP8 and ZIP14 in response to exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126784. [PMID: 34015658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc transporters are thought to facilitate the mobilization of zinc (Zn) and the role of Zn as a signaling mediator during cellular events. Little is known about the response of Zn movement and zinc transporters during muscle proliferation and differentiation processes after damage. METHODS After rats were subjected to one 90-min session of downhill running to cause muscle damage, the gastrocnemius muscles were harvested to assess the expression of zinc transporters SLC39A/ZIP7, ZIP8, ZIP14 and myogenic regulatory factors at the 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 1 w and 2 w time points after exercise. RESULTS SLC39A/ZIP7, ZIP8 and ZIP14 had translocated to different compartments of the cell following damage, and they exhibited differential expression profiles after eccentric exercise. The results regarding the myogenetic regulators showed that nf-κb was upregulated 2 d after exercise, and STAT3 and Akt1 mRNA levels were mostly expressed 2 w after exercise. The upregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma (pik3cg), erk1 and erk2 mostly occurred at the early stage (6 h or 12 h) after exercise. In addition, we found that zip7, zip8 and zip14 expression was moderately correlated with certain markers of muscle regeneration. CONCLUSION The zinc transporters SLC39A/ZIP7, ZIP8 and ZIP14 have differential expression profiles upon eccentric exercise, and they might regulate muscle proliferation or differentiation processes through different cellular pathways after exercise-induced muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Liu
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinkai Yu
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qun Zuo
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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14
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Cheng X, Wang J, Liu C, Jiang T, Yang N, Liu D, Zhao H, Xu Z. Zinc transporter SLC39A13/ZIP13 facilitates the metastasis of human ovarian cancer cells via activating Src/FAK signaling pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:199. [PMID: 34154618 PMCID: PMC8215834 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01999-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc transporters have been found to be associated with the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases including cancer. As the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, ovarian cancer is characterized by rapid progression and widespread metastases. However, the function and underlying mechanism of zinc transporters in ovarian cancer metastasis remain unclear. METHODS The relationship between zinc transporter gene expressions and clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer was assessed with the online database Kaplan-Meier plotter ( http://kmplot.com/analysis/ ). Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the prognostic importance of ZIP13. The expression of ZIP13 in ovarian cancer cell lines was depleted to explore its effect on proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo assays. RNA-Seq, quantitative RT-PCR, and western blot analysis were performed to explore ZIP13-regulated downstream target genes. RESULTS The expressions of several zinc transporters were highly associated the clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer patients. Among them, high ZIP13 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in patients with ovarian cancer. ZIP13 knockout suppressed the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation revealed that ZIP13 regulated intracellular zinc distribution and then affected the expressions of genes involved in extracellular matrix organization and cytokine-mediated signaling pathway. This led to the activation of Src/FAK pathway with increased expressions of pro-metastatic genes but decreased expressions of tumor suppressor genes. CONCLUSIONS ZIP13 is shown to be a novel driver of metastatic progression by modulating the Src/FAK signaling pathway, which may serve as a promising biomarker for prognostic evaluation and targeted therapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunling Liu
- Department of Pathology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital, 063000, Tangshan, China
| | - Tianduo Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningzhi Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China.
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15
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Zeng H, Wu H, Yan F, Yi K, Zhu Y. Molecular regulation of zinc deficiency responses in plants. J Plant Physiol 2021; 261:153419. [PMID: 33915366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals. Because of its low availability in arable soils worldwide, Zn deficiency is becoming a serious agricultural problem resulting in decreases of crop yield and nutritional quality. Plants have evolved multiple responses to adapt to low levels of soil Zn supply, involving biochemical and physiological changes to improve Zn acquisition and utilization, and defend against Zn deficiency stress. In this review, we summarize the physiological and biochemical adaptations of plants to Zn deficiency, the roles of transporters and metal-binding compounds in Zn homeostasis regulation, and the recent progresses in understanding the sophisticated regulatory mechanisms of Zn deficiency responses that have been made by molecular and genetic analyses, as well as diverse 'omics' studies. Zn deficiency responses are tightly controlled by multiple layers of regulation, such as transcriptional regulation that is mediated by transcription factors like F-group bZIP proteins, epigenetic regulation at the level of chromatin, and post-transcriptional regulation mediated by small RNAs and alternative splicing. The insights into the regulatory network underlying Zn deficiency responses and the perspective for further understandings of molecular regulation of Zn deficiency responses have been discussed. The understandings of the regulatory mechanisms will be important for improving Zn deficiency tolerance, Zn use efficiency, and Zn biofortification in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Haicheng Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Keke Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Agricultural Resource and Environment Experiment Teaching Center, College of Resource and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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16
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Meng J, Wang WX, Li L, Zhang G. Accumulation of different metals in oyster Crassostrea gigas: Significance and specificity of SLC39A (ZIP) and SLC30A (ZnT) gene families and polymorphism variation. Environ Pollut 2021; 276:116706. [PMID: 33592447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Zrt/Irt-like proteins (ZIP, SLC39A) and zinc transporters (ZnT, SLC30A) are the two major gene families responsible for the import/export of Zn and other metals. In this study, the mRNA expression levels and genetic variations of eight ZnTs and 14 ZIPs were identified in Crassostrea gigas after exposure to Zn, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb. Metal exposure induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and antioxidant enzyme expression. The expanded gene numbers of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the oysters exhibited diverse expression under exposure to the five metals, and the contrasting expressions of both ZnTs and ZIPs under different metal exposures were observed, revealing their ion-specific responses. Zn and Cu have similar transporters and induce high expression levels of ZnT1, 2, 7, and 9 and ZIP1, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 14. Pb induced high expression levels of ZIP7, and 13 and ZnT5, 6, and 7, which are mainly expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Cd induced high expression levels of ZnT1, 2, and 7 and ZIP1, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 13. Hg exposure was found to have little effect on the ZIP and ZnT expression levels. Based on 3784 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the ZnTs and ZIPs, genetic association analysis for Zn accumulation was conducted on 427 oyster samples. The 38 SNPs, which were located within 12 genes, were identified to be associated with Zn content (p < 0.01), explaining the phenotypic variation from 1.61% to 3.37%. One nonsynonymous mutation and related haplotypes were identified within ZIP1, explaining 1.69% of the variation in Zn. Its high expression under Zn exposure revealed its important role in Zn transportation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive investigation of the transportation mechanisms of ZIPs and ZnTs under different metal exposures and the genetic effect of Zn accumulation in oysters, and provides valuable biomarkers and genetic resources to evaluate environmental metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has prompted investigators worldwide to search for an effective anti-viral treatment. A number of anti-viral drugs such as ribavirin, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, antibiotics such as azithromycin and doxycycline, and anti-parasite such as ivermectin have been recommended for COVID-19 treatment. In addition, sufficient pre-clinical rationale and evidence have been presented to use chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, Zn has the ability to enhance innate and adaptive immunity in the course of a viral infection. Besides, Zn supplement can favour COVID-19 treatment using those suggested and/or recommended drugs. Again, the effectiveness of Zn can be enhanced by using chloroquine as an ionophore while Zn inside the infected cell can stop SARS-CoV-2 replication. Given those benefits, this perspective paper describes how and why Zn could be given due consideration as a complement to the prescribed treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Zahir Idid
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Malaysia
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18
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Bossowski A, Stożek K, Rydzewska M, Niklińska W, Gąsowska M, Polnik D, Szalecki M, Mikłosz A, Chabowski A, Reszeć J. Expression of zinc transporter 8 in thyroid tissues from patients with immune and non-immune thyroid diseases. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:376-384. [PMID: 32896170 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1815194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have revealed the presence of zinc and the expression of zinc transporter (ZnT) family members in most endocrine cell types. It was demonstrated that ZnT family plays an important role in the synthesis and secretion of many hormones. Moreover, recently ZnT8 was described as a newly islet autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the expression of ZnT8 transporter in thyroid tissues from patients with immune and non-immune thyroid diseases. The study was performed in thyroid tissues after thyroidectomy from patients with thyroid non-toxic nodular goitre (NTNG; n = 17, mean age 15.8 ± 2.2 years) and cases with Graves' disease (n = 20, mean age 15.6 ± 2.8). In our study we investigated the expression of ZnT8 in human thyroid tissues from patients with immune and non-immune thyroid diseases using immunohistochemistry, Western Blot as well as immunofluorescence analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation which identified ZnT8 protein expression in human thyroid tissues, moreover, confirmed by three different laboratory techniques. Results and Conclusions Expression of ZnT8 transporter was identified by immunohistochemistry in the thyroid tissues from paediatric patients with Graves' disease (on +++) and non-toxic nodular goitre (on ++). ZnT8 transporter expression was found both in thyroid follicular cells (within the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic membrane in follicular cells) and C cells (membrane-cytoplasmic reaction) in fluorescence. Predominant expression of ZnT8 in band 41 kDa in immune than in non-immune thyroid disorders may suggest potential role of ZnT8 as a new thyroid autoanitgen but it requires further study on a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karolina Stożek
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Rydzewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wiesława Niklińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Gąsowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Polnik
- Department of Children's Surgery and Transplantology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Szalecki
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Reszeć
- Department of Medical Patomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Hennigar SR, Kelley AM, Anderson BJ, Armstrong NJ, McClung HL, Berryman CE, Karl JP, McClung JP. Sensitivity and reliability of zinc transporter and metallothionein gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as indicators of zinc status: responses to ex vivo zinc exposure and habitual zinc intake in humans. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:361-8. [PMID: 32698913 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520002810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zn is an essential nutrient for humans; however, a sensitive biomarker to assess Zn status has not been identified. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability and sensitivity of Zn transporter and metallothionein (MT) genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to Zn exposure ex vivo and to habitual Zn intake in human subjects. In study 1, human PBMCs were cultured for 24 h with 0-50 µm ZnSO4 with or without 5 µm N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), and mRNA expression of SLC30A1-10, SLC39A1-14, MT1 subtypes (A, B, E, F, G, H, L, M and X), MT2A, MT3 and MT4 mRNA was determined. In study 2, fifty-four healthy male and female volunteers (31·9 (sd 13·8) years, BMI 25·7 (sd 2·9) kg/m2) completed a FFQ, blood was collected, PBMCs were isolated and mRNA expression of selected Zn transporters and MT isoforms was determined. Study 1: MT1E, MT1F, MT1G, MT1H, MT1L, MT1M, MT1X, MT2A and SLC30A1 increased with increasing concentrations of Zn and declined with the addition of TPEN. Study 2: Average daily Zn intake was 16·0 (sd 5·3) mg/d (range: 9-31 mg/d), and plasma Zn concentrations were 15·5 (SD 2·8) μmol/l (range 11-23 μmol/l). PBMC MT2A was positively correlated with dietary Zn intake (r 0·306, P = 0·03) and total Zn intake (r 0·382, P < 0·01), whereas plasma Zn was not (P > 0·05 for both). Findings suggest that MT2A mRNA in PBMCs reflects dietary Zn intake in healthy adults and may be a component in determining Zn status.
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Yang Y, Pan Y, Liu G, Dong G, Zhan C, Koffas MAG, Liu X, Li Y, Liu C, Bai Z. Glycerol transporter 1 (Gt1) and zinc-regulated transporter 1 (Zrt1) function in different modes for zinc homeostasis in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris). Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2413-23. [PMID: 32661657 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the zinc transport function of the membrane proteins Gt1 and Zrt1 in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) and study their regulatory mode. RESULTS Two membrane proteins that might have zinc transport function were found in K. phaffii. GT1 was known to encode a glycerol transporter belonging to the Major Facilitator Superfamily. ZRT1 was predicted to resemble the zinc transporter gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Consistent with the prediction, protein plasma-membrane localizations were confirmed by ultracentrifugation and confocal microscopy. Their zinc binding abilities were identified by ITC in vitro, and the impaired zinc uptake activity caused by their deficiencies was confirmed by zinc fluorescence quantification in vivo. Furthermore, zinc excess could turn the two channels off, while zinc deficiency induced their expressions. Gt1 could only function to maintain zinc homeostasis in glycerol, while the block of Gt1 function might lead to Zrt1 upregulation in glucose. CONCLUSIONS The zinc transport capabilities of Gt1 and Zrt1 were identified in vivo and in vitro. Their regulatory mode to maintain zinc homeostasis in K. phaffii is a new inspiration.
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21
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Knoell DL, Smith D, Bao S, Sapkota M, Wyatt TA, Zweier JL, Flury J, Borchers MT, Knutson M. Imbalance in zinc homeostasis enhances lung Tissue Loss following cigarette smoke exposure. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 60:126483. [PMID: 32155573 PMCID: PMC10557405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cadmium is a leading toxic component of cigarette smoke. Cadmium and zinc are highly related metals. Whereas, zinc is an essential metal required for normal health, cadmium is highly toxic. Zrt- and Irt-like protein 8 (ZIP8) is an avid transporter of both zinc and cadmium into cells and is abundantly expressed in the lung of smokers compared to nonsmokers. Our objective was to determine whether disturbed zinc homeostasis through diet or the zinc transporter ZIP8 increase susceptibility to lung damage following prolonged cigarette smoke exposure. METHODS Cigarette smoke exposure was evaluated in the lungs of mice subject to insufficient and sufficient zinc intakes, in transgenic ZIP8 overexpressing mice, and a novel myeloid-specific ZIP8 knockout strain. RESULTS Moderate depletion of zinc intakes in adult mice resulted in a significant increase in lung cadmium burden and permanent lung tissue loss following prolonged smoke exposure. Overexpression of ZIP8 resulted in increased lung cadmium burden and more extensive lung damage, whereas cigarette smoke exposure in ZIP8 knockout mice resulted in increased lung tissue loss without a change in lung cadmium content, but a decrease in zinc. CONCLUSIONS Overall, findings were consistent with past human studies. Imbalance in Zn homeostasis increases susceptibility to permanent lung injury following prolonged cigarette smoke exposure. Based on animal studies, both increased and decreased ZIP8 expression enhanced irreversible tissue damage in response to prolonged tobacco smoke exposure. We believe these findings represent an important advancement in our understanding of how imbalance in zinc homeostasis and cadmium exposure via tobacco smoke may increase susceptibility to smoking-induced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren L Knoell
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States.
| | - Deandra Smith
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States.
| | - Shengying Bao
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
| | - Muna Sapkota
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States.
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, United States.
| | - Jay L Zweier
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
| | - Jennifer Flury
- The University of Cincinnati Department of Internal Medicine, United States
| | - Michael T Borchers
- The University of Cincinnati Department of Internal Medicine, United States.
| | - Mitch Knutson
- The University of Florida Food Science and Nutrition Institute, United States.
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22
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Daniels MJ, Jagielnicki M, Yeager M. Structure/Function Analysis of human ZnT8 (SLC30A8): A Diabetes Risk Factor and Zinc Transporter. Curr Res Struct Biol 2020; 2:144-155. [PMID: 34235474 PMCID: PMC8244513 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human zinc transporter ZnT8 (SLC30A8) is expressed primarily in pancreatic β-cells and plays a key function in maintaining the concentration of blood glucose through its role in insulin storage, maturation and secretion. ZnT8 is an autoantigen for Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and is associated with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) through its risk allele that encodes a major non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at Arg325. Loss of function mutations improve insulin secretion and are protective against diabetes. Despite its role in diabetes and concomitant potential as a drug target, little is known about the structure or mechanism of ZnT8. To this end, we expressed ZnT8 in Pichia pastoris yeast and Sf9 insect cells. Guided by a rational screen of 96 detergents, we developed a method to solubilize and purify recombinant ZnT8. An in vivo transport assay in Pichia and a liposome-based uptake assay for insect-cell derived ZnT8 showed that the protein is functionally active in both systems. No significant difference in activity was observed between full-length ZnT8 (ZnT8A) and the amino-terminally truncated ZnT8B isoform. A fluorescence-based in vitro transport assay using proteoliposomes indicated that human ZnT8 functions as a Zn2+/H+ antiporter. We also purified E. coli-expressed amino- and carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domains of ZnT8A. Circular dichroism spectrometry suggested that the amino-terminal domain contains predominantly α-helical structure, and indicated that the carboxy-terminal domain has a mixed α/β structure. Negative-stain electron microscopy and single-particle image analysis yielded a density map of ZnT8B at 20 Å resolution, which revealed that ZnT8 forms a dimer in detergent micelles. Two prominent lobes are ascribed to the transmembrane domains, and the molecular envelope recapitulates that of the bacterial zinc transporter YiiP. These results provide a foundation for higher resolution structural studies and screening experiments to identify compounds that modulate ZnT8 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Daniels
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Maciej Jagielnicki
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Mark Yeager
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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Rahman MT. Potential benefits of combination of Nigella sativa and Zn supplements to treat COVID-19. J Herb Med 2020; 23:100382. [PMID: 32834942 PMCID: PMC7313527 DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic while there is no specific medicine against its causative agent SARS-CoV-2. As an complementary medicine Nigella sativa (black seed) could be considered for its bioactive components such as thymoquinone which was proven to have anti-viral activity. Further benefits to use N. sativa could be augmented by Zn supplement. Notably, Zn has been proven to improve innate and adaptive immunity in course of microbial infection. The effectiveness of the Zn salt supplement can be enhanced with N. sativa as its major bioactive component might work as ionophore to allow Zn2+ to enter pneumocytes and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by stopping its replicase enzyme system.
An effective vaccine to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 is yet to be approved. Further there is no drug that is specific to treat COVID-19. A number of antiviral drugs such as Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Azithromycin and Doxycycline have been recommended or are being used to treat COVID-19 patients. In addition to these drugs, rationale and evidence have been presented to use chloroquine to treat COVID-19, arguably with certain precautions and criticism. In line with the proposed use of chloroquine, Nigella sativa (black seed) could be considered as a natural substitute that contains a number of bioactive components such as thymoquinone, dithymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, and nigellimine. Further benefits to use N. sativa could be augmented by Zn supplement. Notably, Zn has been proven to improve innate and adaptive immunity in the course of any infection, be it by pathogenic virus or bacteria. The effectiveness of the Zn salt supplement could also be enhanced with N. sativa as its major bioactive component might work as ionophore to allow Zn2+ to enter pneumocytes – the target cell for SARSCoV-2. Given those benefits, this review paper describes how N. sativa in combination with Zn could be useful as a complement to COVID-19 treatment.
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Ishida T, Takechi S. β-Naphthoflavone, an exogenous ligand of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, disrupts zinc homeostasis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 44:711-720. [PMID: 31588062 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between the disruption of zinc homeostasis and the onset of diseases. However, little is known about the factors that disrupt zinc homeostasis. Here, we investigated the effects of β-naphthoflavone, an exogenous ligand of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), on intracellular zinc levels. Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were treated with β-naphthoflavone for 3 days, and intracellular labile and total zinc levels were assessed through flow cytometry and inductively coupled plasma atom emission spectroscopy, respectively. The mRNA levels of zinc transporters were determined by real-time PCR. Treatment of cells with β-naphthoflavone induced a decrease in intracellular labile zinc in a dose-dependent manner, with significantly decreased levels observed at 1 µM compared with controls. Additionally, intracellular total zinc levels demonstrated a decreasing trend with 10 µM β-naphthoflavone. Zinc pyrithione recovered the decrease in intracellular labile zinc levels induced by β-naphthoflavone, while zinc sulfate had no effect. Moreover, significant decreases in the mRNA levels of zinc transporters ZnT10 and ZIP5 were observed in response to 10 µM β-naphthoflavone. These results demonstrated that β-naphthoflavone has the potential to disrupt zinc homeostasis in hepatocytes. Although the underlying mechanism remains to be determined, suppression of zinc transporter transcription through AHR activation may be involved in the β-naphthoflavone-induced disruption of intracellular zinc levels.
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most devastating neurodegenerative disorder. Due to the increase in population and longevity, incidence will triple by the middle of the twenty-first century. So far, no treatment has prevented or reversed the disease. More than 20 years of multidisciplinary studies have shown that brain zinc dyshomeostasis may play a critical role in AD progression, which provides encouraging clues for metal-targeted therapies in the treatment of AD. Unfortunately, the pilot clinical application of zinc chelator and/or ionophore strategy, such as the use of quinoline-based compounds, namely clioquinol and PBT2, has not yet been successful. The emerging findings revealed a list of key zinc transporters whose mRNA or protein levels were abnormally altered at different stages of AD brains. Furthermore, specifically modulating the expression of some of the zinc transporters in the central nervous system through genetic methods slowed down or prevented AD progression in animal models, resulting in significantly improved cognitive performance, movement, and prolonged lifespan. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood, it shed new light on the treatment or prevention of the disease. This review considers recent advances regarding AD, zinc and zinc transporters, recapitulating their relationships in extending our current understanding of the disease amelioration effects of zinc transport proteins as potential therapeutic targets to cure AD, and it may also provide new insights to identify novel therapeutic strategies for ageing and other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuo Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guiran Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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Sanchez VB, Ali S, Escobar A, Cuajungco MP. Transmembrane 163 (TMEM163) protein effluxes zinc. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 677:108166. [PMID: 31697912 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations of rodent Tmem163 suggest that it binds to and transports zinc as a dimer, and that alanine mutagenesis of its two species-conserved aspartate (D123A/D127A) residues proposed to bind zinc, perturbs protein function. Direct corroboration, however, is lacking whether it is an influx or efflux transporter in cells. We hypothesized that human TMEM163 is a zinc effluxer based on its predicted protein characteristics. We used cultured human cell lines that either stably or transiently expressed TMEM163, and pre-loaded the cells with zinc to determine transport activity. We found that TMEM163-expressing cells exhibited significant reduction of intracellular zinc levels as evidenced by two zinc-specific fluorescent dyes and radionuclide zinc-65. The specificity of the fluorescence signal was confirmed upon treatment with TPEN, a high-affinity zinc chelator. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses showed that TMEM163 is related to distinct members of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) protein family. To further characterize the efflux function of TMEM163, we substituted alanine in two homologous aspartate residues (D124A/D128A) and performed site-directed mutagenesis of several conserved amino acid residues identified as non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (S61R, S95C, S193P, and E286K). We found a significant reduction of zinc efflux upon cellular expression of D124A/D128A or E286K protein variant when compared with wild-type, suggesting that these particular amino acids are important for normal protein function. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that TMEM163 effluxes zinc, and it should now be designated ZNT11 as a new member of the mammalian CDF family of zinc efflux transporters.
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Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for normal organ function, and dysregulation of zinc metabolism has been implicated in a wide range of diseases. Emerging evidence has revealed that zinc transporters play diverse roles in cellular homeostasis and function by regulating zinc trafficking via organelles or the plasma membrane. In the gastrointestinal tract, zinc deficiency leads to diarrhea and dysfunction of intestinal epithelial cells. Studies also showed that zinc transporters are very important in intestinal epithelial homeostasis. In this review, we describe the physiological roles of zinc transporters in intestinal epithelial functions and relevance of zinc transporters in gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Ohashi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hara
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamabouji, Yamashiro, Tokushima, 770-8055, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Takagishi
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamabouji, Yamashiro, Tokushima, 770-8055, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamabouji, Yamashiro, Tokushima, 770-8055, Japan.
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0042, Japan.
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Sala D, Giachetti A, Rosato A. An atomistic view of the YiiP structural changes upon zinc(II) binding. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1560-1567. [PMID: 31176764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND YiiP is a bacterial zinc-for-proton antiporter belonging to the cation diffusion facilitator family. The zinc(II) ions are transported across the cell membrane, from the cytosol to the extracellular space. METHODS We performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of the YiiP dimer with zinc(II) ions in solution to elucidate how the metal ions interact with the protein while moving from the cytosol to the transport site. RESULTS We observed that of the two cavities of the dimer, only one was accessible from the cytosol during transport. Zinc(II) binding to D49 of the transport site triggered a rearrangement of the transmembrane domain that closed the accessible cavity. Finally, we analyzed the free-energy profiles of metal transit in the channel and observed the existence of a high barrier preventing release from the transport site. CONCLUSIONS The observed dynamics is consistent with the dimer-dimer interface forming a stable scaffold against which the rest of the trans-membrane rearranges. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Zinc(II) transporters are present in all kingdoms of life. The present study highlights structural features that might be of general relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Sala
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Tuscany, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Giachetti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine, Tuscany, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Tuscany, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario di Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine, Tuscany, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Tuscany, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Huang L, Tepaamorndech S, Kirschke CP, Cai Y, Zhao J, Cao X, Rao A. Subcongenic analysis of a quantitative trait locus affecting body weight and glucose metabolism in zinc transporter 7 (znt7)-knockout mice. BMC Genet 2019; 20:19. [PMID: 30777014 PMCID: PMC6378724 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A genome-wide mapping study using male F2zinc transporter 7-knockout mice (znt7-KO) and their wild type littermates in a mixed 129P1/ReJ (129P1) and C57BL/6J (B6) background identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 7, which had a synergistic effect on body weight gain and fat deposit with the znt7-null mutation. Results The genetic segment for body weight on mouse chromosome 7 was investigated by newly created subcongenic znt7-KO mouse strains carrying different lengths of genomic segments of chromosome 7 from the 129P1 donor strain in the B6 background. We mapped the sub-QTL for body weight in the proximal region of the previously mapped QTL, ranging from 47.4 to 64.4 megabases (Mb) on chromosome 7. The 129P1 donor allele conferred lower body weight gain and better glucose handling during intraperitoneal glucose challenge than the B6 allele control. We identified four candidate genes, including Htatip2, E030018B13Rik, Nipa1, and Atp10a, in this sub-QTL using quantitative RT-PCR and cSNP detection (single nucleotide polymorphisms in the protein coding region). Conclusions This study dissected the genetic determinates of body weight and glucose metabolism in znt7-KO mice. The study demonstrated that a 17-Mb long 129P1 genomic region on mouse chromosome 7 conferred weight reduction and improved glucose tolerance in znt7-KO male mice. Among the four candidate genes identified, Htatip2 is the most likely candidate gene involved in the control of body weight based on its function in regulation of lipid metabolism. The candidate genes discovered in this study lay a foundation for future studies of their roles in development of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-019-0715-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Huang
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - S Tepaamorndech
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics Graduate Group, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Present Address: Food Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - C P Kirschke
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Y Cai
- Graduate Group of Nutritional Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - J Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Andrew Rao
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Qi Z, Liu KJ. The interaction of zinc and the blood-brain barrier under physiological and ischemic conditions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 364:114-119. [PMID: 30594689 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is the second most abundant metal in human and serves as an essential trace element in the body. During the past decades, zinc has been found to play important roles in central nervous system, such as the development of neurons and synaptic activities. An imbalance of zinc is associated with brain diseases. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains the homeostasis of the microenvironment, regulating the balance of zinc in the brain. A compromised BBB is the main cause of severe complications in cerebral ischemic patients, such as hemorrhage transformation, inflammation and edema. Recent studies reported that zinc in the brain may be a potential target for integrative protection against ischemic brain injury. Although zinc has long been regarded as important transmitters in central nervous system, the critical role of zinc dyshomeostasis in damage to the BBB has not been fully recognized. In this review, we summarize the role of the BBB in regulating homeostasis of zinc in physiological conditions and the effects of changes in zinc levels on the permeability of the BBB in cerebral ischemia. The integrity of BBB maintains the homeostasis of zinc in pathological conditions, while the balance of zinc in the brain and the circulation maintains the normal function of the BBB. Interrupting the zinc/BBB system will disturb the microenvironment in the brain, leading to pathological diseases. In stroke patients, zinc may serve as a potential target for protecting the BBB and reducing hemorrhage transformation, inflammation and edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Qi
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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31
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Gartmann L, Wex T, Grüngreiff K, Reinhold D, Kalinski T, Malfertheiner P, Schütte K. Expression of zinc transporters ZIP4, ZIP14 and ZnT9 in hepatic carcinogenesis-An immunohistochemical study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 49:35-42. [PMID: 29895370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulation of both, systemic zinc levels and tissue-specific zinc transporters, is reported in chronic inflammatory and malignant liver disease (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC). Aim of this study is to assess the expression level of three zinc transporters in liver tissue and HCC: ZIP4, ZIP14 and ZnT9. METHODS The study is based on tissue samples obtained from 138 patients with histologically proven HCC. Tissue specimens from tumor (n = 138) and extra-lesional specimens (n = 72) were assessed immunohistochemically for the expression of the three zinc transporters. Expression levels were semi-quantitatively scored and statistically analyzed with respect to the etiology of HCC (alcohol, AFLD; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD; virus-hepatitis, VH) and survival. RESULTS Overall, expression levels of ZIP4, ZIP14 and ZnT9 were significantly higher in HCC tissue than in adjacent extra-lesional liver tissue. Expression levels in tumor tissue and survival time revealed a negative correlation for ZIP4 and ZIP14, and in part for ZnT9 (nuclear staining) (p < 0.05), whereas cytoplasmic staining of ZnT9 did not correlate with survival. Furthermore, the expression level of ZIP4 in extra-lesional tissue showed inverse correlation with survival time. CONCLUSION The upregulation of zinc transporters in hepatic carcinogenesis and its negative correlation with survival time implies a regulatory/functional link between zinc-homeostasis and development/progression of HCC that deserves to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gartmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Medical Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases "Prof. Schenk/Dr. Ansorge & Colleagues", Department Molecular Genetics, Schwiesaustr. 11, D-39124, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wex
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Medical Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases "Prof. Schenk/Dr. Ansorge & Colleagues", Department Molecular Genetics, Schwiesaustr. 11, D-39124, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Grüngreiff
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, City Hospital Magdeburg, Klinikum Magdeburg GmbH, Birkenallee 34, D-39130, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kalinski
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schütte
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken, Marienhospital Osnabrück GmbH, Bischofsstraße 1, D-49074, Osnabrück, Germany.
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Li LL, Li YC, Zhao DJ, Jin MF, Ni H. Leptin-regulated autophagy plays a role in long-term neurobehavioral injury after neonatal seizures and the regulation of zinc/cPLA2 and CaMK II signaling in cerebral cortex. Epilepsy Res 2018; 146:103-11. [PMID: 30092488 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders play an important role in the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases. Recent evidence suggests that leptin levels in peripheral blood and brain are lower in patients with epilepsy. Leptin is an energy-regulating hormone that plays a neuroprotective role in neurodegenerative diseases and brain trauma. However, little is known about the effects and molecular mechanisms of leptin treatment on long-term neurobehavioral impairment caused by developmental seizures. The present study evaluated whether chronic leptin treatment protected against neurobehavioral impairments induced by recurrent seizures in newborns treated with flurothyl. We also examined the effect of leptin on the expression of zinc/cPLA2-related autophagy signaling molecules and CaMKII in the cerebral cortex. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats (6 days after birth, P6) were randomly divided into two groups, a neonatal seizure group and control group. Rats were subdivided on P13 into control, control + leptin (leptin, 2 mg/kg/day, continuous 10 days), seizure (RS), and seizure + leptin group (RS + leptin, 2 mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days). Neurological behavioral parameters (negative geotaxis reaction reflex, righting reflex, cliff avoidance reflex, forelimb suspension reflex and open field test) were observed from P23 to P30. mRNA and protein levels in the cerebral cortex were detected using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Flurothyl-induced seizures (RS group) produced long-term abnormal neurobehavior, which was improved with leptin treatment. Chronic leptin treatment restored several expression parameters affected by neonatal seizures, including seizure-induced up-regulated zinc transporter ZnT1/ZIP7, lipid membrane injury-related cPLA2, autophagy marker beclin-1/bcl2, LC3II/LC3I, and its execution molecule cathepsin-E, and down-regulated memory marker CaMK II alpha. Our results suggest that the early use of leptin after neonatal recurrent seizures may exert neuroprotective effects and antagonize the long-term neurobehavioral impairment caused by seizures. Autophagy-mediated Zn/cPLA2 and CaMK II signaling in the cerebral cortex may be involved in the neuroprotective effect of leptin. Our results provide new clues for anti-epileptogenetic treatment.
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Thomas P, Converse A, Berg HA. ZIP9, a novel membrane androgen receptor and zinc transporter protein. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:130-136. [PMID: 28479083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, androgen actions initiated at the cell surface have been reported in a variety of vertebrate cells, including several macrophage and prostate cancer cell lines that lack the nuclear androgen receptor. However, until recently the identity of the novel membrane androgen receptor (mAR) mediating these nonclassical androgen actions remained unknown. In 2014, a novel mAR unrelated to nuclear androgen receptors was identified in Atlantic croaker ovaries as the zinc transporter protein, ZIP9. ZIP9 is one of the 14 members of the ZIP (ZRT-and Irt-like Protein, SLC39A) family that regulates zinc homeostasis by transporting zinc across cell and organelle membranes into the cytoplasm. Zinc is a micronutrient critical for the maintenance of physiological and cellular processes, such as development, growth, protein assembly and activity, signaling, and apoptosis. Both croaker ZIP9 and human ZIP9 proteins have the binding characteristics of high affinity, specific mARs, and are coupled to G proteins. Testosterone induces apoptosis through ZIP9 in croaker granulosa cells and in human breast and prostate cancer cells by a unique mechanism involving increases in both second messengers and intracellular free zinc concentrations. ZIP9 also mediates testosterone regulation of tight junction formation in Sertoli cells and nonclassical testosterone signaling in spermatogenic cells. ZIP9 acts through several signal transduction pathways, a stimulatory G protein (Gs) in granulosa cells, an inhibitory one (Gi) in cancer cells, and a Gq11 one (Gnα11) in spermatogenic cells. ZIP9 has a very broad tissue distribution and is predicted to mediate numerous and diverse nonclassical androgen actions in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States.
| | - Aubrey Converse
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States
| | - Håkan A Berg
- Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Thomas P, Pang Y, Dong J. Membrane androgen receptor characteristics of human ZIP9 (SLC39A) zinc transporter in prostate cancer cells: Androgen-specific activation and involvement of an inhibitory G protein in zinc and MAP kinase signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 447:23-34. [PMID: 28219737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Characteristics of novel human membrane androgen receptor (mAR), ZIP9 (SLC39A9), were investigated in ZIP9-transfected PC-3 cells (PC3-ZIP9). Ligand blot analysis showed plasma membrane [3H]-T binding corresponds to the position of ZIP9 on Western blots which suggests ZIP9 can bind [3H]-T alone, without a protein partner. Progesterone antagonized testosterone actions, blocking increases in zinc, Erk phosphorylation and apoptosis, further evidence that ZIP9 is specifically activated by androgens. Pre-treatment with GTPγS and pertussis toxin decreased plasma membrane [3H]-T binding and blocked testosterone-induced increases in Erk phosphorylation and intracellular zinc, indicating ZIP9 is coupled to an inhibitory G protein (Gi) that mediates both MAP kinase and zinc signaling. Testosterone treatment of nuclei and mitochondria which express ZIP9 decreased their zinc contents, suggesting ZIP9 also regulates free zinc through releasing it from these intracellular organelles. The results show ZIP9 is a specific Gi coupled-mAR mediating testosterone-induced MAP kinase and zinc signaling in PC3-ZIP9 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thomas
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA.
| | - Yefei Pang
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
| | - Jing Dong
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
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35
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Zong N, Ma SX, Wang ZY. Localization of zinc transporters in the spinal cord of cynomolgus monkey. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 82:56-59. [PMID: 28455213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is abundant in the spinal cord, where it participates in several physiological and pathophysiological processes, including neurotransmission, spinal cord injury, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying zinc homeostasis in the spinal cord are largely unknown. Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are responsible for transporting zinc from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space or to intracellular compartments. In the present study, we examined the distribution of ZnT1-10 proteins in the spinal cord of cynomolgus monkey. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrate that all detected ZnT family members are expressed in the gray matter. ZnT1-10 immunoreactivity can be seen in both motor and sensory neurons in the dorsal and ventral horn from the cervical to sacral segments. No obvious immunostaining was found in the glia cells. The present study demonstrates that ZnT proteins are functionally important for regulating zinc metabolism in both motor and sensory functions in monkey spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zong
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Shi-Xin Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
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Rafalo A, Zadrozna M, Nowak B, Kotarska K, Wiatrowska K, Pochwat B, Sowa-Kucma M, Misztak P, Nowak G, Szewczyk B. The level of the zinc homeostasis regulating proteins in the brain of rats subjected to olfactory bulbectomy model of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 72:36-48. [PMID: 27565434 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc transporters (ZnTs) and metallothioneins (MT) are important in maintaining Zn homeostasis in the brain. The present study was designed to find out whether alterations in ZnTs and MTs are associated with the pathophysiology of depression and the mechanism of antidepressant action. METHODS Messenger RNA and proteins of ZnT1, ZnT3, ZnT4, ZnT5, ZnT6 and MT1/2 were measured in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (Hp) of rats subjected to olfactory bulbectomy (OB) (a model of depression) and chronic amitriptyline (AMI) treatment by Real Time PCR and Western Blot/Immunohistochemistry (IHP). RESULTS Results in the OB rats showed: increases in the protein levels of ZnT1 in the PFC and Hp and MT1/2 in the PFC; a decrease in ZnT3 protein level in the PFC; no changes in ZnT4, ZnT5 and ZnT6 in the PFC and Hp. IHP labeling revealed increases in the optical densities of ZnT1-IR in the PFC and Hp and decreases in ZnT3 and ZnT4-IR in the PFC of OB rats. Although OB had no effects on gene expression of ZnTs, mRNAs for MT1/2 were increased. Chronic AMI treatment did not influence protein levels of ZnTs and MT1/2 in Sham and OB rats; however decreased mRNA levels of ZnT4 and ZnT5 in PFC and ZnT1, ZnT3, ZnT4 and ZnT6 in Hp of Sham rats and normalized OB induced increase in MT1/2 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Changes in ZnTs and MT1/2 suggest altered cortical distribution of Zn in the OB model which further supports the hypothesis that Zn dyshomeostasis may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Tian T, Li LL, Zhang SQ, Ni H. Long-Term Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Subsequent Seizure-Induced Brain Injury During Early Adulthood: Relationship of Seizure Thresholds to Zinc Transporter-Related Gene Expressions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:369-376. [PMID: 27147436 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The divalent cation zinc is associated with cortical plasticity. However, the mechanism of zinc in the pathophysiology of cortical injury-associated neurobehavioral damage following neonatal seizures is uncertain. We have previously shown upregulated expression of ZnT-3; MT-3 in hippocampus of neonatal rats submitted to flurothyl-induced recurrent seizures, which was restored by pretreatment with ketogenic diet (KD). In this study, utilizing a novel "twist" seizure model by coupling early-life flurothyl-induced seizures with later exposure to penicillin, we further investigated the long-term effects of KD on cortical expression of zinc homeostasis-related genes in a systemic scale. Ten Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned each averagely into the non-seizure plus normal diet (NS + ND), non-seizure plus KD (NS + KD), recurrent seizures plus normal diet (RS + ND) and recurrent seizures plus KD (RS + KD) group. Recurrent seizures were induced by volatile flurothyl during P9-P21. During P23-P53, rats in NS + KD and RS + KD groups were dieted with KD. Neurological behavioral parameters of brain damage (plane righting reflex, cliff avoidance reflex, and open field test) were observed at P43. At P63, we examined seizure threshold using penicillin, then the cerebral cortex were evaluated for real-time RT-PCR and western blot study. The RS + ND group showed worse performances in neurological reflex tests and reduced latencies to myoclonic seizures induced by penicillin compared with the control, which was concomitant with altered expressions of ZnT-7, MT-1, MT-2, and ZIP7. Specifically, there was long-term elevated expression of ZIP7 in RS + ND group compared with that in NS + ND that was restored by chronic ketogenic diet (KD) treatment in RS + KD group, which was quite in parallel with the above neurobehavioral changes. Taken together, these findings indicate that the long-term altered expression of the metal transporter ZIP7 in adult cerebral cortex might correlate with neurobehavioral damage and reduced seizure threshold following recurrent neonate seizures and further highlights ZIP7 as a candidate for therapeutic target of KD for the treatment of neonatal seizure-induced long-term brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children' Hospital of Soochow University, No.303, Jingde Road, 215003, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children' Hospital of Soochow University, No.303, Jingde Road, 215003, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Qi Zhang
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children' Hospital of Soochow University, No.303, Jingde Road, 215003, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ni
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children' Hospital of Soochow University, No.303, Jingde Road, 215003, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Kolaj-Robin O, Russell D, Hayes KA, Pembroke JT, Soulimane T. Cation Diffusion Facilitator family: Structure and function. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1283-95. [PMID: 25896018 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Cation Diffusion Facilitators (CDFs) form a family of membrane-bound proteins capable of transporting zinc and other heavy metal ions. Involved in metal tolerance/resistance by efflux of ions, CDF proteins share a two-modular architecture consisting of a transmembrane domain (TMD) and C-terminal domain (CTD) that protrudes into the cytoplasm. Discovery of a Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ CDF transporter from a marine bacterium Maricaulis maris that does not possess the CTD questions current perceptions regarding this family of proteins. This article describes a new, CTD-lacking subfamily of CDFs and our current knowledge about this family of proteins in the view of these findings.
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Tanaka N, Fujiwara T, Tomioka R, Krämer U, Kawachi M, Maeshima M. Characterization of the histidine-rich loop of Arabidopsis vacuolar membrane zinc transporter AtMTP1 as a sensor of zinc level in the cytosol. Plant Cell Physiol 2015; 56:510-519. [PMID: 25516571 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The vacuolar Zn(2+)/H(+) antiporter of Arabidopsis thaliana, AtMTP1, has a long cytosolic histidine-rich loop. A mutated AtMTP1 in which the first half of the loop (His-half) was deleted exhibited a 11-fold higher transport velocity in yeast cells. Transgenic lines overexpressing the His-half-deleted AtMTP1 in the loss-of-function mutant were evaluated for growth and metal content in the presence of various zinc concentrations. These overexpressing lines (35S-AtMTP1 and 35S-His-half lines) showed high tolerance to excess concentrations of zinc at 150 µM, as did the wild type, compared with the loss-of-function line. The His-half AtMTP1 transported cobalt in a heterologous expression assay in yeast, but the cumulative amount of cobalt in 35S-His-half plants was not increased. Moreover, the accumulation of calcium and iron was not changed in plants. Under zinc-deficient conditions, growth of 35S-His-half lines was markedly suppressed. Under the same conditions, the 35S-His-half lines accumulated larger amounts of zinc in roots and smaller amounts of zinc in shoots compared with the other lines, suggesting an abnormal accumulation of zinc in the roots of 35S-His-half lines. As a result, the shoots may exhibit zinc deficiency. Taken together, these results suggest that the His-loop acts as a sensor of cytosolic zinc to maintain an essential level in the cytosol and that the dysfunction of the loop results in an uncontrolled accumulation of zinc in the vacuoles of root cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Takashi Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Rie Tomioka
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Ute Krämer
- Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Miki Kawachi
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated often with underlying zinc deficiency and nutritional supplements such as zinc may be of therapeutic benefit in the disease. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week trial in postmenopausal women (n=48) with Type 2 DM we investigated the effects of supplementation with zinc (40mg/d) and flaxseed oil (FSO; 2g/d) on the gene expression of zinc transporters (ZnT1, ZnT5, ZnT6, ZnT7, ZnT8, Zip1, Zip3, Zip7, and Zip10) and metallothionein (MT-1A, and MT-2A), and markers of glycemic control (glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c]). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. No significant effects of zinc or FSO supplementation were observed on glycemic marker concentrations, HOMA-IR or fold change over 12 weeks in zinc transporter and metallothionein gene expression. In multivariate analysis, the change over 12 weeks in serum glucose concentrations (P=0.001) and HOMA-IR (P=0.001) predicted the fold change in Zip10. In secondary analysis, marginal statistical significance was observed with the change in both serum glucose concentrations (P=0.003) and HOMA-IR (P=0.007) being predictive of the fold change in ZnT6. ZnT8 mRNA expression was variable; HbA1c levels were higher (P=0.006) in participants who exhibited ZnT8 expression compared to those who did not. The significant predictive relationships between Zip10, ZnT6, serum glucose and HOMA-IR are preliminary, as is the relationship between HbA1c and ZnT8; nevertheless the observations support an association between Type 2 DM and zinc homeostasis that requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meika Foster
- Discipline of Nutrition & Metabolism, School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anna Chu
- Discipline of Nutrition & Metabolism, School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Petocz
- Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Samir Samman
- Discipline of Nutrition & Metabolism, School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Bostanci Z, Mack RP, Lee S, Soybel DI, Kelleher SL. Paradoxical zinc toxicity and oxidative stress in the mammary gland during marginal dietary zinc deficiency. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 54:84-92. [PMID: 25088245 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) regulates numerous cellular functions. Zn deficiency is common in females; ∼80% of women and 40% of adolescent girls consume inadequate Zn. Zn deficiency enhances oxidative stress, inflammation and DNA damage. Oxidative stress and inflammation is associated with breast disease. We hypothesized that Zn deficiency increases oxidative stress in the mammary gland, altering the microenvironment and architecture. Zn accumulated in the mammary glands of Zn deficient mice and this was associated with macrophage infiltration, enhanced oxidative stress and over-expression of estrogen receptor α. Ductal and stromal hypercellularity was associated with aberrant collagen deposition and disorganized e-cadherin. Importantly, these microenvironmental alterations were associated with substantial impairments in ductal expansion and mammary gland development. This is the first study to show that marginal Zn deficiency creates a toxic microenvironment in the mammary gland impairing breast development. These changes are consistent with hallmarks of potential increased risk for breast disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Bostanci
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, United States; Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, United States
| | - Ronald P Mack
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, United States; Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, United States; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - David I Soybel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, United States; Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, United States; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, United States
| | - Shannon L Kelleher
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, United States; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, United States; Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, United States; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, United States.
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Dou X, Tian X, Zheng Y, Huang J, Shen Z, Li H, Wang X, Mo F, Wang W, Wang S, Shen H. Psychological stress induced hippocampus zinc dyshomeostasis and depression-like behavior in rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 273:133-8. [PMID: 25092572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There are strong evidences showed that psychological stress (PS) could result in depression. Recently, many attentions were paid to the roles of corticosterone (CORT) and zinc dyshomeostasis in the development of depression. In this study, we investigated the zinc level in rat hippocampus after exposure to PS and accompanied behavior change. Male SD rats were randomly divided into the control and PS groups. Each group had two subgroups: 7-d group and 14-d group. A communication box was used to produce the PS model in rats. Compared to control group, the PS-treated group showed decreased total zinc levels and increased free zinc levels observed by TSQ staining in hippocampus. Meanwhile, there were significant decreases in mRNA expressions of zinc transporters including ZnT1, ZnT3 and ZIP1 and metallothionein (MT) contents in hippocampus. Moreover, the increased immobility time in forced swim test (FST), lower movement time and total movement distance and longer immobile time in spontaneous activity test were demonstrated in rats after PS exposure. These results suggested that the depression-like behavior in PS-treated rats might be correlated with zinc dyshomeostasis including decreased zinc contents and increased free zinc in hippocampus which was related to changes in zinc transporters and MT expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Dou
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Junlong Huang
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zhilei Shen
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Fengfeng Mo
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Wanyin Wang
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Neurology, No. 411 Hospital, 15 East Dongjiangwan Road, Shanghai 200081, PR China.
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Groth C, Sasamura T, Khanna MR, Whitley M, Fortini ME. Protein trafficking abnormalities in Drosophila tissues with impaired activity of the ZIP7 zinc transporter Catsup. Development 2013; 140:3018-27. [PMID: 23785054 DOI: 10.1242/dev.088336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Developmental patterning requires the precise interplay of numerous intercellular signaling pathways to ensure that cells are properly specified during tissue formation and organogenesis. The spatiotemporal function of the Notch signaling pathway is strongly influenced by the biosynthesis and intracellular trafficking of signaling components. Receptors and ligands must be trafficked to the cell surface where they interact, and their subsequent endocytic internalization and endosomal trafficking is crucial for both signal propagation and its down-modulation. In a forward genetic screen for mutations that alter intracellular Notch receptor trafficking in Drosophila epithelial tissues, we recovered mutations that disrupt the Catsup gene, which encodes the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian ZIP7 zinc transporter. Loss of Catsup function causes Notch to accumulate abnormally in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi compartments, resulting in impaired Notch signaling. In addition, Catsup mutant cells exhibit elevated ER stress, suggesting that impaired zinc homeostasis causes increased levels of misfolded proteins within the secretory compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Groth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Yu Y, Wu A, Zhang Z, Yan G, Zhang F, Zhang L, Shen X, Hu R, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Wang F. Characterization of the GufA subfamily member SLC39A11/Zip11 as a zinc transporter. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1697-708. [PMID: 23643525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular zinc influx and efflux are maintained by two major transporter families, the ZIP (SLC39A) and ZnT (SLC30A or CDF) molecules. The functions of one molecule in this class, ZIP11/SLC39A11, remain unclear. Bioinformatics analysis of the distribution and evolutionary relationships of different ZIP members in eukaryotes and prokaryotes indicated that Zip11, the sole member of gufA subfamily, is an ancient ZIP family member that might have originated in early eukaryotic ancestors. Murine Zip11 mRNA is abundantly expressed in testes and the digestive system including stomach, ileum and cecum. Analysis of cellular zinc content, metallothionein levels, and cell viability under high or low zinc conditions in cells transfected with a murine Zip11 expression plasmid, suggest that Zip11 is a zinc importer. Further, cellular zinc concentrations and metallothionein levels decreased when Zip11 was knocked down. In mice supplemented with zinc, both mRNA and protein levels of Zip11 were slightly up-regulated in several tissues. The metal response element sequences (MREs) upstream of the first exon of Zip11 responded to elevated extracellular zinc concentrations, as assessed by luciferase reporter assays. Mutagenic analysis showed that several of the MREs could regulate Zip11 promoter activity, and metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) was shown to be involved in this process. Collectively, these data suggest that Zip11 has unique protein sequence and structure features, it functions as a cellular zinc transporter, and its expression is at least partially regulated by zinc via hMTF-1 binding to MREs of the Zip11 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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Costello LC, Franklin RB. A Review of the Current Status and Concept of the Emerging Implications of Zinc and Zinc Transporters in the Development of Pancreatic Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 4. [PMID: 24195024 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7092.s4-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (adenocarcinoma) remains a deadly untreatable cancer with no effective early detection procedure. Little is known concerning the factors involved in the development of pancreatic malignancy, which impedes advancements in its treatment and detection. Altered cellular zinc has been implicated in several cancers. Recent studies provide evidence that zinc and zinc transporters are important factors in pancreatic cancer. This review discusses the current information relating to the status of zinc and zinc transporters in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Relationships of the physiology and biochemistry of zinc in mammalian cells are presented, which should be applied to the conduct, interpretation, and translational application of human studies and experimental models. Evidence from human pancreatic tissue studies supports a new concept of the role of zinc in the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The zinc level of the normal ductal and acinar epithelium is markedly decreased in the development of the malignant cells and the premalignant PanIN cells. ZIP3 is identified as the likely zinc uptake transporter, which is down regulated concurrently with the loss of zinc. Ras responsive binding protein (RREB1) is identified as the possible transcription factor involved in the silencing of ZIP3 expression. The evidence supports the current views of transdifferentiation of PanIN epithelium to ductal adenocarcinoma, and the possibility that acinar epithelial dedifferentiation might be a source of premalignant cells. These zinc-associated events occur early in oncogenesis to protect the malignant cells from the cytotoxic effects of zinc levels that exist in the normal cells. Hopefully, this presentation will stimulate interest in and support for much needed research into the implications of zinc and zinc transporters as important events in pancreatic carcinogenesis. The potential exists for the RREB1-ZIP3-zinc concept and/or other implications of zinc as new approaches for the development of effective treatment and for diagnostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Costello
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School and The University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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