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Hu Z, Song N, Zheng M, Liu X, Liu Z, Xing J, Ma J, Guo W, Yao Y, Peng H, Xin M, Zhou DX, Ni Z, Sun Q. Histone acetyltransferase GCN5 is essential for heat stress-responsive gene activation and thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:1178-91. [PMID: 26576681 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to temperatures exceeding the normal optimum levels, or heat stress (HS), constitutes an environmental disruption for plants, resulting in severe growth and development retardation. Here we show that loss of function of the Arabidopsis histone acetyltransferase GCN5 results in serious defects in terms of thermotolerance, and considerably impairs the transcriptional activation of HS-responsive genes. Notably, expression of several key regulators such as the HS transcription factors HSFA2 and HSFA3, Multiprotein Bridging Factor 1c (MBF1c) and UV-HYPERSENSITIVE 6 (UVH6) is down-regulated in the gcn5 mutant under HS compared with the wild-type. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays indicated that GCN5 protein is enriched at the promoter regions of HSFA3 and UVH6 genes, but not in HSFA2 and MBF1c, and that GCN5 facilitates H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation, which are associated with HSFA3 and UVH6 activation under HS. Moreover, constitutive expression of UVH6 in the gcn5 mutant partially restores heat tolerance. Taken together, our data indicate that GCN5 plays a key role in the preservation of thermotolerance via versatile regulation in Arabidopsis. In addition, expression of the wheat TaGCN5 gene re-establishes heat tolerance in Arabidopsis gcn5 mutant plants, suggesting that GCN5-mediated thermotolerance may be conserved between Arabidopsis and wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Na Song
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinye Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiewen Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junhua Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dao-Xiu Zhou
- Institute of Plant Science Paris Saclay, Université Paris Sud, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
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102
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Mayer BF, Ali-Benali MA, Demone J, Bertrand A, Charron JB. Cold acclimation induces distinctive changes in the chromatin state and transcript levels of COR genes in Cannabis sativa varieties with contrasting cold acclimation capacities. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:281-95. [PMID: 25534661 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the capacity of Cannabis sativa to cold-acclimate and develop freezing tolerance. This study investigates the cold acclimation (CA) capacity of nine C. sativa varieties and the underlying genetic and epigenetic responses. The varieties were divided into three groups based on their contrasting CA capacities by comparing the survival of non-acclimated and cold-acclimated plants in whole-plant freeze tests. In response to the CA treatment, all varieties accumulated soluble sugars but only the varieties with superior capacity for CA could maintain higher levels throughout the treatment. In addition, the varieties that acclimated most efficiently accumulated higher transcript levels of cold-regulated (COR) genes and genes involved in de novo DNA methylation while displaying locus- and variety-specific changes in the levels of H3K9ac, H3K27me3 and methylcytosine (MeC) during CA. Furthermore, these hardy C. sativa varieties displayed significant increases in MeC levels at COR gene loci when deacclimated, suggesting a role for locus-specific DNA methylation in deacclimation. This study uncovers the molecular mechanisms underlying CA in C. sativa and reveals higher levels of complexity regarding how genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors intertwine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris F Mayer
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Québec City, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | - Jordan Demone
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Québec City, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Annick Bertrand
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Québec City, Québec, G1V 2J3, Canada
| | - Jean-Benoit Charron
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Québec City, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
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103
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Guo W, Yang H, Liu Y, Gao Y, Ni Z, Peng H, Xin M, Hu Z, Sun Q, Yao Y. The wheat transcription factor TaGAMyb recruits histone acetyltransferase and activates the expression of a high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:347-59. [PMID: 26332346 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glutenin proteins in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour confer unique viscoelastic properties to dough products and, therefore, the concentration and composition of the glutenin proteins determine its end-use value. However, the mechanisms governing the glutenin gene expression remain elusive. In this study, we report that wheat TaGAMyb activates the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes (TaGLU) through recruiting the histone acetyltransferase GCN5. By sequencing the promoters of TaGLU-1 genes from 40 modern wheat cultivars, we identified eight types of TaGAMyb binding motifs and verified these by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The number of TaGAMyb binding motifs in TaGLU-1 genes is correlated with the abundance of glutenin in different cultivars. Chromatin immunoprecipitation plus polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR) analysis reveals that TaGCN5 directly targets the promoters of TaGLU-1 genes in wheat endosperm. We find that TaGAMyb physically interacts with the wheat histone acetyltransferase TaGCN5 and also interacts with Arabidopsis thaliana AtGCN5. TaGAMyb ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis binds to the TaGLU-1Dy promoter on a TaGLU-1Dy transgene and activates its expression. AtGCN5 also targets the TaGLU-1Dy transgene and is involved in the establishment of acetylation at H3K9 and H3K14. These results demonstrate that TaGAMyb plays a dual role in activating expression of glutenin gene by directly binding to the TaGLU promoter and by recruiting GCN5 to modulate histone acetylation during wheat endosperm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yujiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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104
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Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase (SAGA) Complex in Plants: Genome Wide Identification, Evolutionary Conservation and Functional Determination. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134709. [PMID: 26263547 PMCID: PMC4532415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of RNA polymerase II on a promoter is assisted by the assembly of basal transcriptional machinery in eukaryotes. The Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex plays an important role in transcription regulation in eukaryotes. However, even in the advent of genome sequencing of various plants, SAGA complex has been poorly defined for their components and roles in plant development and physiological functions. Computational analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa genomes for SAGA complex resulted in the identification of 17 to 18 potential candidates for SAGA subunits. We have further classified the SAGA complex based on the conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SAGA complex proteins are evolutionary conserved between plants, yeast and mammals. Functional annotation showed that they participate not only in chromatin remodeling and gene regulation, but also in different biological processes, which could be indirect and possibly mediated via the regulation of gene expression. The in silico expression analysis of the SAGA components in Arabidopsis and O. sativa clearly indicates that its components have a distinct expression profile at different developmental stages. The co-expression analysis of the SAGA components suggests that many of these subunits co-express at different developmental stages, during hormonal interaction and in response to stress conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of SAGA component genes further confirmed their expression in different plant tissues and stresses. The expression of representative salt, heat and light inducible genes were affected in mutant lines of SAGA subunits in Arabidopsis. Altogether, the present study reveals expedient evidences of involvement of the SAGA complex in plant gene regulation and stress responses.
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105
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Xing J, Wang T, Liu Z, Xu J, Yao Y, Hu Z, Peng H, Xin M, Yu F, Zhou D, Ni Z. GENERAL CONTROL NONREPRESSED PROTEIN5-Mediated Histone Acetylation of FERRIC REDUCTASE DEFECTIVE3 Contributes to Iron Homeostasis in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:1309-20. [PMID: 26002909 PMCID: PMC4528745 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron homeostasis is essential for plant growth and development. Here, we report that a mutation in GENERAL CONTROL NONREPRESSED PROTEIN5 (GCN5) impaired iron translocation from the root to the shoot in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Illumina high-throughput sequencing revealed 879 GCN5-regulated candidate genes potentially involved in iron homeostasis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that five genes (At3G08040, At2G01530, At2G39380, At2G47160, and At4G05200) are direct targets of GCN5 in iron homeostasis regulation. Notably, GCN5-mediated acetylation of histone 3 lysine 9 and histone 3 lysine 14 of FERRIC REDUCTASE DEFECTIVE3 (FRD3) determined the dynamic expression of FRD3. Consistent with the function of FRD3 as a citrate efflux protein, the iron retention defect in gcn5 was rescued and fertility was partly restored by overexpressing FRD3. Moreover, iron retention in gcn5 roots was significantly reduced by the exogenous application of citrate. Collectively, these data suggest that GCN5 plays a critical role in FRD3-mediated iron homeostasis. Our results provide novel insight into the chromatin-based regulation of iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.), and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences (J.Xu, F.Y.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing 100193, China (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.); andInstitut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France (D.Z.)
| | - Tianya Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.), and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences (J.Xu, F.Y.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing 100193, China (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.); andInstitut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France (D.Z.)
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.), and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences (J.Xu, F.Y.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing 100193, China (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.); andInstitut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France (D.Z.)
| | - Jianqin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.), and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences (J.Xu, F.Y.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing 100193, China (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.); andInstitut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France (D.Z.)
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.), and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences (J.Xu, F.Y.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing 100193, China (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.); andInstitut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France (D.Z.)
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.), and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences (J.Xu, F.Y.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing 100193, China (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.); andInstitut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France (D.Z.)
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.), and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences (J.Xu, F.Y.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing 100193, China (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.); andInstitut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France (D.Z.)
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.), and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences (J.Xu, F.Y.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing 100193, China (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.); andInstitut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France (D.Z.)
| | - Futong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.), and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences (J.Xu, F.Y.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing 100193, China (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.); andInstitut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France (D.Z.)
| | - Daoxiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.), and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences (J.Xu, F.Y.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing 100193, China (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.); andInstitut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France (D.Z.)
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.), and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences (J.Xu, F.Y.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing 100193, China (J.Xi., T.W., Z.L., Y.Y., Z.H., H.P., M.X., Z.N.); andInstitut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France (D.Z.)
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106
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Kim JY, Oh JE, Noh YS, Noh B. Epigenetic control of juvenile-to-adult phase transition by the Arabidopsis SAGA-like complex. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:537-45. [PMID: 26095998 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During growth and development, plants undergo a series of phase transitions from the juvenile-to-adult vegetative phase to the reproductive phase. In Arabidopsis, vegetative phase transitions and flowering are regulated by SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) factors. SPL mRNAs are post-transcriptionally regulated by miR156 in an age-dependent manner; however, the role of other mechanisms in this process is not known. In this study, we demonstrate that the HAG1/GCN5- and PRZ1/ADA2b-containing SAGA-like histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex directly controls the transcription of SPLs and determines the time for juvenile-to-adult phase transition. Thus, epigenetic control by the SAGA-like HAT complex determines the transcriptional output of SPLs, which might be a prerequisite for the subsequent post-transcriptional regulation by miR156. Importantly, this epigenetic control mechanism is also crucial for miR156-independent induction of SPLs and acceleration of phase transition by light and photoperiod or during post-embryonic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Oh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
| | - Yoo-Sun Noh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Bosl Noh
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
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107
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Fina JP, Casati P. HAG3, a Histone Acetyltransferase, Affects UV-B Responses by Negatively Regulating the Expression of DNA Repair Enzymes and Sunscreen Content in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1388-400. [PMID: 25907565 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation is regulated by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases. In Arabidopsis, there are 12 histone acetyltransferases and 18 deacetylases. Histone acetyltransferases are organized in four families: the GNAT/HAG, the MYST, the p300/CBP and the TAFII250 families. Previously, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis mutants in the two members of the MYST acetyltransferase family show increased DNA damage after UV-B irradiation. To investigate further the role of other histone acetyltransferases in UV-B responses, a putative role for enzymes of the GNAT family, HAG1, HAG2 and HAG3, was analyzed. HAG transcripts are not UV-B regulated; however, hag3 RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic plants show a lower inhibition of leaf and root growth by UV-B, higher levels of UV-B-absorbing compounds and less UV-B-induced DNA damage than Wassilewskija (Ws) plants, while hag1 RNAi transgenic plants and hag2 mutants do not show significant differences from wild-type plants. Transcripts for UV-B-regulated genes are highly expressed under control conditions in the absence of UV-B in hag3 RNAi transgenic plants, suggesting that the higher UV-B tolerance may be due to increased levels of proteins that participate in UV-B responses. Together, our data provide evidence that HAG3, directly or indirectly, participates in UV-B-induced DNA damage repair and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta P Fina
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Paula Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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108
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Moliterni VMC, Paris R, Onofri C, Orrù L, Cattivelli L, Pacifico D, Avanzato C, Ferrarini A, Delledonne M, Mandolino G. Early transcriptional changes in Beta vulgaris in response to low temperature. PLANTA 2015; 242:187-201. [PMID: 25893871 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Major metabolic pathways and genes affected by low-temperature treatment were identified and a thorough picture of the early transcriptional changes in sugar beet plantlets upon cold stress was given. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important source of sugar and bioethanol production in temperate areas worldwide. In these areas, plantlet survival and sucrose yield of mature plants can be seriously limited by low temperatures, especially when plantlets are exposed to freezing temperatures (below 0 °C) at the early developmental stages. This frequently occurs when the crop is sown in early spring or even in autumn (autumn sowing) to escape drought at maturity and pathogen outbreaks. The knowledge of molecular responses induced in plantlets early upon exposure to low temperature is necessary to understand mechanisms that allow the plant to survive and to identify reactions that can influence other late-appearing traits. In this work, a wide study of sugar beet transcriptome modulation after a short exposure to a cold stress, mimicking what is experienced in vivo by young plantlets when temperature drops in the early spring nights, was carried out by high-throughput sequencing of leaves and root RNAs (RNA-Seq). A significant picture of the earliest events of temperature sensing was achieved for the first time for sugar beet: the retrieval of a great amount of transcription factors and the intensity of modulation of a large number of genes involved in several metabolic pathways suggest a fast and deep rearrangement of sugar beet plantlets metabolism as early response to cold stress, with both similarities and specificities between the two organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Maria Cristiana Moliterni
- Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per la genomica vegetale, via San Protaso 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
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109
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Kim JM, Sasaki T, Ueda M, Sako K, Seki M. Chromatin changes in response to drought, salinity, heat, and cold stresses in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:114. [PMID: 25784920 PMCID: PMC4345800 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin regulation is essential to regulate genes and genome activities. In plants, the alteration of histone modification and DNA methylation are coordinated with changes in the expression of stress-responsive genes to adapt to environmental changes. Several chromatin regulators have been shown to be involved in the regulation of stress-responsive gene networks under abiotic stress conditions. Specific histone modification sites and the histone modifiers that regulate key stress-responsive genes have been identified by genetic and biochemical approaches, revealing the importance of chromatin regulation in plant stress responses. Recent studies have also suggested that histone modification plays an important role in plant stress memory. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the regulation and alteration of histone modification (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and SUMOylation) in response to the abiotic stresses, drought, high-salinity, heat, and cold in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myong Kim
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taku Sasaki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Kaori Sako
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Motoaki Seki, Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan e-mail:
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110
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Moraga F, Aquea F. Composition of the SAGA complex in plants and its role in controlling gene expression in response to abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:865. [PMID: 26528322 PMCID: PMC4604261 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein complexes involved in epigenetic regulation of transcription have evolved as molecular strategies to face environmental stress in plants. SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase) is a transcriptional co-activator complex that regulates numerous cellular processes through the coordination of multiple post-translational histone modifications, including acetylation, deubiquitination, and chromatin recognition. The diverse functions of the SAGA complex involve distinct modules that are highly conserved between yeast, flies, and mammals. In this review, the composition of the SAGA complex in plants is described and its role in gene expression regulation under stress conditions summarized. Some of these proteins are likely involved in the regulation of the inducible expression of genes under light, cold, drought, salt, and iron stress, although the functions of several of its components remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Moraga
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezSantiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Aquea
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezSantiago, Chile
- Center for Applied Ecology and SustainabilitySantiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Felipe Aquea
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111
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Kaur D, Dogra V, Thapa P, Bhattacharya A, Sood A, Sreenivasulu Y. In vitro flowering associated protein changes in Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. Proteomics 2014; 15:1291-306. [PMID: 25475561 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, conversion of vegetative meristem to a floral meristem was successfully achieved on flower induction medium. A total of 128 differentially expressed proteins were evidenced by 2DE in floral meristem protein profiles. Analysis of 103 proteins through PMF revealed change in abundance in the content of 79 proteins, disappearance and new appearance in the content of 7 and 17 proteins, respectively. MS/MS and subsequent homology search identified 65 proteins that were involved in metabolism (22 proteins), regulatory (11 proteins), signaling and transportation (12 proteins), stress (6 proteins), flowering (8 proteins), and unknown functions (6 proteins). The data suggested that change in metabolism related proteins might be providing nutrient resources for floral initiation in D. hamiltonii. Further, interactive effects of various proteins like bHLH145, B-4c transcription factors (heat stress transcription factor), maturase K, MADS box, zinc finger proteins, and scarecrow-like protein 21 (flowering related), a key enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis SAMS (S-adenosylmethionine synthase) and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, improved calcium signaling related proteins (CML36), and change in phytohormone related proteins such as phosphatase proteins (2c3 and 2c55), which are the positive regulators of gibberellic acid and phytochrome regulation related proteins (DASH, LWD1) might be the possible major regulators of floral transition in this bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devinder Kaur
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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112
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Wang Z, Cao H, Chen F, Liu Y. The roles of histone acetylation in seed performance and plant development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 84:125-133. [PMID: 25270163 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation regulates gene transcription by chromatin modifications and plays a crucial role in the plant development and response to environment cues. The homeostasis of histone acetylation is controlled by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) in different plant tissues and development stages. The vigorous knowledge of the function and co-factors about HATs (e.g. GCN5) and HDACs (e.g. HDA19, HDA6) has been obtained from model plant Arabidopsis. However, understanding individual role of other HATs and HDACs require more work, especially in the major food crops such as rice, maize and wheat. Many co-regulators have been recently identified to function as a component of HAT or HDAC complex in some specific developmental processes. The described findings show a distinctive and interesting epigenetic regulation network composed of HATs, HDACs and co-regulators playing crucial roles in the seed performance, flowering time, plant morphogenesis, plant response to stresses etc. In this review, we summarized the recent progresses and suggested the perspective of histone acetylation research, which might provide us a new window to understand the epigenetic code of plant development and to improve the crop production and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fengying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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113
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Yin L, Qu J, Lu J. Linkage of cold acclimation and disease resistance through plant-pathogen interaction pathway in Vitis amurensis grapevine. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 14:741-55. [PMID: 25154381 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Low temperatures cause severe damage to none cold hardy grapevines. A preliminary survey with Solexa sequencing technology was used to analyze gene expression profiles of cold hardy Vitis amurensis 'Zuoshan-1' after cold acclimation at 4 °C for 48 h. A total of 16,750 and 18,068 putative genes were annotated for 4 °C-treated and control library, respectively. Among them, 393 genes were upregulated for at least 20-fold, while 69 genes were downregulated for at least 20-fold under the 4 °C treatment for 48 h. A subset of 101 genes from this survey was investigated further using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genes associated with signaling events in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), including generation of calcium signals (CNGC, CMLs), jasmonic acid signal (JAZ1), oxidative burst (Rboh), and phosphorylation (FLS2, BAK, MEKK1, MKKs) cascades, were upregulated after cold acclimation. Disease resistance genes (RPM1, RPS5, RIN4, PBS1) in the process of effector-triggered immunity (ETI) were also upregulated in the current condition. Defense-related genes (WRKYs, PR1, MIN7) involved in both PTI and ETI processes were abundantly expressed after cold acclimation. Our results indicated that plant-pathogen interaction pathways were linked to the cold acclimation in V. amurensis grapevine. Other biotic- and abiotic-related genes, such as defense (protein phosphatase 2C, U-box domain proteins, NCED1, stilbene synthase), transcription (DREBs, MYBs, ERFs, ZFPs), signal transduction (kinase, calcium, and auxin signaling), transport (ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, auxin:hydrogen symporter), and various metabolism, were also abundantly expressed in the cold acclimation of V. Amurensis 'Zuoshan-1' grapevine. This study revealed a series of critical genes and pathways to delineate important biological processes affected by low temperature in 'Zuoshan-1'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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114
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Somatic embryogenesis - Stress-induced remodeling of plant cell fate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:385-402. [PMID: 25038583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants as sessile organisms have remarkable developmental plasticity ensuring heir continuous adaptation to the environment. An extreme example is somatic embryogenesis, the initiation of autonomous embryo development in somatic cells in response to exogenous and/or endogenous signals. In this review I briefly overview the various pathways that can lead to embryo development in plants in addition to the fertilization of the egg cell and highlight the importance of the interaction of stress- and hormone-regulated pathways during the induction of somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryogenesis can be initiated in planta or in vitro, directly or indirectly, and the requirement for dedifferentiation as well as the way to achieve developmental totipotency in the various systems is discussed in light of our present knowledge. The initiation of all forms of the stress/hormone-induced in vitro as well as the genetically provoked in planta somatic embryogenesis requires extensive and coordinated genetic reprogramming that has to take place at the chromatin level, as the embryogenic program is under strong epigenetic repression in vegetative plant cells. Our present knowledge on chromatin-based mechanisms potentially involved in the somatic-to-embryogenic developmental transition is summarized emphasizing the potential role of the chromatin to integrate stress, hormonal, and developmental pathways leading to the activation of the embryogenic program. The role of stress-related chromatin reorganization in the genetic instability of in vitro cultures is also discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Stress as a fundamental theme in cell plasticity.
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115
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Retzer K, Butt H, Korbei B, Luschnig C. The far side of auxin signaling: fundamental cellular activities and their contribution to a defined growth response in plants. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:731-46. [PMID: 24221297 PMCID: PMC4059964 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have provided us with spectacular insights into the biology of the plant hormone auxin, leaving the impression of a highly versatile molecule involved in virtually every aspect of plant development. A combination of genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology has established auxin signaling pathways, leading to the identification of two distinct modes of auxin perception and downstream regulatory cascades. Major targets of these signaling modules are components of the polar auxin transport machinery, mediating directional distribution of the phytohormone throughout the plant body, and decisively affecting plant development. Alterations in auxin transport, metabolism, or signaling that occur as a result of intrinsic as well as environmental stimuli, control adjustments in morphogenetic programs, giving rise to defined growth responses attributed to the activity of the phytohormone. Some of the results obtained from the analysis of auxin, however, do not fit coherently into a picture of highly specific signaling events, but rather suggest mutual interactions between auxin and fundamental cellular pathways, like the control of intracellular protein sorting or translation. Crosstalk between auxin and these basic determinants of cellular activity and how they might shape auxin effects in the control of morphogenesis are the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Retzer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU, Wien Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Haroon Butt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600 Pakistan
| | - Barbara Korbei
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU, Wien Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Christian Luschnig
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU, Wien Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
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116
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Zhang W, Yu R. Molecule mechanism of stem cells in Arabidopsis thaliana. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:105-12. [PMID: 25125883 PMCID: PMC4127819 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.134243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants possess the ability to continually produce new tissues and organs throughout their life. Unlike animals, plants are exposed to extreme variations in environmental conditions over the course of their lives. The vitality of plants is so powerful that they can survive several hundreds of years or even more making it an amazing miracle that comes from plant stem cells. The stem cells continue to divide to renew themselves and provide cells for the formation of leaves, stems, and flowers. Stem cells are not only quiescent but also immortal, pluripotent and homeostatic. Stem cells are the magic cells that repair tissues and regenerate organs. During the past decade, scholars around the world have paid more and more attention toward plant stem cells. At present, the major challenge is in relating molecule action mechanism to root apical meristem, shoot apical meristem and vascular system. The coordination between stem cells maintenance and differentiation is critical for normal plant growth and development. Elements such as phytohormones, transcription factors and some other known or unknown genes cooperate to balance this process. In this review, Arabidopsis thaliana as a pioneer system, we highlight recent developments in molecule modulating, illustrating how plant stem cells generate new mechanistic insights into the regulation of plants growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Zhang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongming Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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117
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Barneche F, Malapeira J, Mas P. The impact of chromatin dynamics on plant light responses and circadian clock function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2895-913. [PMID: 24520020 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Research on the functional properties of nucleosome structure and composition dynamics has revealed that chromatin-level regulation is an essential component of light signalling and clock function in plants, two processes that rely extensively on transcriptional controls. In particular, several types of histone post-translational modifications and chromatin-bound factors act sequentially or in combination to establish transcriptional patterns and to fine-tune the transcript abundance of a large repertoire of light-responsive genes and clock components. Cytogenetic approaches have also identified light-induced higher-order chromatin changes that dynamically organize the condensation of chromosomal domains into sub-nuclear foci containing silenced repeat elements. In this review, we report recently identified molecular actors that establish chromatin state dynamics in response to light signals such as photoperiod, intensity, and spectral quality. We also highlight the chromatin-dependent mechanisms that contribute to the 24-h circadian gene expression and its impact on plant physiology and development. The commonalities and contrasts of light- and clock-associated chromatin-based mechanisms are discussed, with particular emphasis on their impact on the selective regulation and rapid modulation of responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Barneche
- Environmental and Evolutionary Genomics Section, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, Paris, F-75005 France Inserm, U1024, Paris, F-75005 France CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France
| | - Jordi Malapeira
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Parc de Recerca UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Mas
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Parc de Recerca UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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118
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Han SK, Wagner D. Role of chromatin in water stress responses in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2785-99. [PMID: 24302754 PMCID: PMC4110454 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to environmental stresses throughout their life. They have developed survival strategies such as developmental and morphological adaptations, as well as physiological responses, to protect themselves from adverse environments. In addition, stress sensing triggers large-scale transcriptional reprogramming directed at minimizing the deleterious effect of water stress on plant cells. Here, we review recent findings that reveal a role of chromatin in water stress responses. In addition, we discuss data in support of the idea that chromatin remodelling and modifying enzymes may be direct targets of stress signalling pathways. Modulation of chromatin regulator activity by these signaling pathways may be critical in minimizing potential trade-offs between growth and stress responses. Alterations in the chromatin organization and/or in the activity of chromatin remodelling and modifying enzymes may furthermore contribute to stress memory. Mechanistic insight into these phenomena derived from studies in model plant systems should allow future engineering of broadly drought-tolerant crop plants that do not incur unnecessary losses in yield or growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Ki Han
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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119
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Weiste C, Dröge-Laser W. The Arabidopsis transcription factor bZIP11 activates auxin-mediated transcription by recruiting the histone acetylation machinery. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3883. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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120
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Li H, Yan S, Zhao L, Tan J, Zhang Q, Gao F, Wang P, Hou H, Li L. Histone acetylation associated up-regulation of the cell wall related genes is involved in salt stress induced maize root swelling. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:105. [PMID: 24758373 PMCID: PMC4005470 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt stress usually causes crop growth inhibition and yield decrease. Epigenetic regulation is involved in plant responses to environmental stimuli. The epigenetic regulation of the cell wall related genes associated with the salt-induced cellular response is still little known. This study aimed to analyze cell morphological alterations in maize roots as a consequence of excess salinity in relation to the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of the cell wall related protein genes. RESULTS In this study, maize seedling roots got shorter and displayed swelling after exposure to 200 mM NaCl for 48 h and 96 h. Cytological observation showed that the growth inhibition of maize roots was due to the reduction in meristematic zone cell division activity and elongation zone cell production. The enlargement of the stele tissue and cortex cells contributed to root swelling in the elongation zone. The cell wall is thought to be the major control point for cell enlargement. Cell wall related proteins include xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET), expansins (EXP), and the plasma membrane proton pump (MHA). RT-PCR results displayed an up-regulation of cell wall related ZmEXPA1, ZmEXPA3, ZmEXPA5, ZmEXPB1, ZmEXPB2 and ZmXET1 genes and the down-regulation of cell wall related ZmEXPB4 and ZmMHA genes as the duration of exposure was increased. Histone acetylation is regulated by HATs, which are often correlated with gene activation. The expression of histone acetyltransferase genes ZmHATB and ZmGCN5 was increased after 200 mM NaCl treatment, accompanied by an increase in the global acetylation levels of histones H3K9 and H4K5. ChIP experiment showed that the up-regulation of the ZmEXPB2 and ZmXET1 genes was associated with the elevated H3K9 acetylation levels on the promoter regions and coding regions of these two genes. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that the up-regulation of some cell wall related genes mediated cell enlargement to possibly mitigate the salinity-induced ionic toxicity, and different genes had specific function in response to salt stress. Histone modification as a mediator may contribute to rapid regulation of cell wall related gene expression, which reduces the damage of excess salinity to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shihan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haoli Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lijia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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121
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Mehrotra R, Bhalothia P, Bansal P, Basantani MK, Bharti V, Mehrotra S. Abscisic acid and abiotic stress tolerance - different tiers of regulation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:486-96. [PMID: 24655384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses affect plant growth, metabolism and sustainability in a significant way and hinder plant productivity. Plants combat these stresses in myriad ways. The analysis of the mechanisms underlying abiotic stress tolerance has led to the identification of a highly complex, yet tightly regulated signal transduction pathway consisting of phosphatases, kinases, transcription factors and other regulatory elements. It is becoming increasingly clear that also epigenetic processes cooperate in a concerted manner with ABA-mediated gene expression in combating stress conditions. Dynamic stress-induced mechanisms, involving changes in the apoplastic pool of ABA, are transmitted by a chain of phosphatases and kinases, resulting in the expression of stress inducible genes. Processes involving DNA methylation and chromatin modification as well as post transcriptional, post translational and epigenetic control mechanisms, forming multiple tiers of regulation, regulate this gene expression. With recent advances in transgenic technology, it has now become possible to engineer plants expressing stress-inducible genes under the control of an inducible promoter, enhancing their ability to withstand adverse conditions. This review briefly discusses the synthesis of ABA, components of the ABA signal transduction pathway and the plants' responses at the genetic and epigenetic levels. It further focuses on the role of RNAs in regulating stress responses and various approaches to develop stress-tolerant transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Mehrotra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Sciences, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India; G(o) Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1, Onnason, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Purva Bhalothia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Sciences, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Prashali Bansal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Sciences, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India; Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Kumar Basantani
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST E1140, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Vandana Bharti
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Columba's College, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, India
| | - Sandhya Mehrotra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Sciences, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Boycheva I, Vassileva V, Iantcheva A. Histone acetyltransferases in plant development and plasticity. Curr Genomics 2014; 15:28-37. [PMID: 24653661 PMCID: PMC3958957 DOI: 10.2174/138920291501140306112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, transcriptional regulation is determined by dynamic and reversible chromatin modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, that are essential for the processes of DNA replication, DNA-repair, recombination and gene transcription. The reversible and rapid changes in histone acetylation induce genome-wide and specific alterations in gene expression and play a key role in chromatin modification. Because of their sessile lifestyle, plants cannot escape environmental stress, and hence have evolved a number of adaptations to survive in stress surroundings. Chromatin modifications play a major role in regulating plant gene expression following abiotic and biotic stress. Plants are also able to respond to signals that affect the maintaince of genome integrity. All these factors are associated with changes in gene expression levels through modification of histone acetylation. This review focuses on the major types of genes encoding for histone acetyltransferases, their structure, function, interaction with other genes, and participation in plant responses to environmental stimuli, as well as their role in cell cycle progression. We also bring together the most recent findings on the study of the histone acetyltransferase HAC1 in the model legumes Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Boycheva
- AgroBioInstitute, Blvd. Dragan Tzankov 8, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Valya Vassileva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Acad. Georgi Bonchev str. Bl. 21 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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123
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Fang H, Liu X, Thorn G, Duan J, Tian L. Expression analysis of histone acetyltransferases in rice under drought stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 443:400-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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124
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Regulation of abiotic stress signalling by Arabidopsis C-terminal domain phosphatase-like 1 requires interaction with a k-homology domain-containing protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80509. [PMID: 24303021 PMCID: PMC3841200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana CARBOXYL-TERMINAL DOMAIN (CTD) PHOSPHATASE-LIKE 1 (CPL1) regulates plant transcriptional responses to diverse stress signals. Unlike typical CTD phosphatases, CPL1 contains two double-stranded (ds) RNA binding motifs (dsRBMs) at its C-terminus. Some dsRBMs can bind to dsRNA and/or other proteins, but the function of the CPL1 dsRBMs has remained obscure. Here, we report identification of REGULATOR OF CBF GENE EXPRESSION 3 (RCF3) as a CPL1-interacting protein. RCF3 co-purified with tandem-affinity-tagged CPL1 from cultured Arabidopsis cells and contains multiple K-homology (KH) domains, which were predicted to be important for binding to single-stranded DNA/RNA. Yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation imaging, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analyses established that CPL1 and RCF3 strongly associate in vivo, an interaction mediated by the dsRBM1 of CPL1 and the KH3/KH4 domains of RCF3. Mapping of functional regions of CPL1 indicated that CPL1 in vivo function requires the dsRBM1, catalytic activity, and nuclear targeting of CPL1. Gene expression profiles of rcf3 and cpl1 mutants were similar during iron deficiency, but were distinct during the cold response. These results suggest that tethering CPL1 to RCF3 via dsRBM1 is part of the mechanism that confers specificity to CPL1-mediated transcriptional regulation.
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125
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Yuan L, Liu X, Luo M, Yang S, Wu K. Involvement of histone modifications in plant abiotic stress responses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 55:892-901. [PMID: 24034164 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants encounter various environmental stimuli including abiotic stresses during their lifecycle. To survive under adverse conditions, plants have evolved intricate mechanisms to perceive external signals and respond accordingly. Responses to various stresses largely depend on the plant capacity to modulate the transcriptome rapidly and specifically. A number of studies have shown that the molecular mechanisms driving the responses of plants to environmental stresses often depend on nucleosome histone post-translational modifications including histone acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation. The combined effects of these modifications play an essential role in the regulation of stress responsive gene expression. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms of histone modifications and their roles in plant abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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126
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Begara-Morales JC, López-Jaramillo FJ, Sánchez-Calvo B, Carreras A, Ortega-Muñoz M, Santoyo-González F, Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Vinyl sulfone silica: application of an open preactivated support to the study of transnitrosylation of plant proteins by S-nitrosoglutathione. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:61. [PMID: 23586608 PMCID: PMC3639107 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-nitrosylaton is implicated in the regulation of numerous signaling pathways with a diversity of regulatory roles. The high lability of the S-NO bond makes the study of proteins regulated by S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation a challenging task and most studies have focused on already S-nitrosylated proteins. We hypothesize that: i) S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) transnitrosylation is a feasible mechanism to account for the physiological S-nitrosylation of rather electropositive sulfur atoms from proteins, ii) affinity chromatography is a suitable approach to isolate proteins that are prone to undergo S-transnitrosylation and iii) vinyl sulfone silica is a suitable chromatographic bead. RESULTS The combination of vinyl sulfone silica with GSNO yielded an affinity resin that withstood high ionic strength without shrinking or deforming and that it was suitable to isolate potential GSNO transnitrosylation target candidates. Fractions eluted at 1500 mM NaCl resulted in a symmetrical peak for both, protein and S-nitrosothiols, supporting the idea of transnitrosylation by GSNO as a selective process that involves strong and specific interactions with the target protein. Proteomic analysis led to the identification of 22 physiological significant enzymes that differ with the tissue analyzed, being regulatory proteins the most abundant group in hypocotyls. The identification of chloroplastidic FBPase, proteasome, GTP-binding protein, heat shock Hsp70, syntaxin, catalase I, thioredoxin peroxidase and cytochrome P450 that have already been reported as S-nitrosylated by other techniques can be considered as internal positive controls that validate our experimental approach. An additional validation was provided by the prediction of the S-nitrosylation sites in 19 of the GSNO transnitrosylation target candidates. CONCLUSIONS Vinyl sulfone silica is an open immobilization support that can be turned ad hoc and in a straightforward manner into an affinity resin. Its potential in omic sciences was successfully put to test in the context of the analysis of post-translational modification by S-nitrosylation with two different tissues: mature pea leaves and embryogenic sunflower hypocotyls. The identified proteins reveal an intriguing overlap among S-nitrosylation and both tyrosine nitration and thioredoxin regulation. Chloroplastidic FBPase is a paradigm of such overlap of post-translational modifications since it is reversible modified by thioredoxin and S-nitrosylation and irreversibly by tyrosine nitration. Our results suggest a complex interrelation among different modulation mechanisms mediated by NO-derived molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Begara-Morales
- Grupo de Señalización Molecular y Sistemas Antioxidantes en Plantas, Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEZ), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Jaén, de Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Sánchez-Calvo
- Grupo de Señalización Molecular y Sistemas Antioxidantes en Plantas, Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEZ), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Jaén, de Jaén, Spain
| | - Alfonso Carreras
- Grupo de Señalización Molecular y Sistemas Antioxidantes en Plantas, Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEZ), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Jaén, de Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco J Corpas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Grupo de Señalización Molecular y Sistemas Antioxidantes en Plantas, Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEZ), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Jaén, de Jaén, Spain
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127
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Oh S, Warnasooriya SN, Montgomery BL. Downstream effectors of light- and phytochrome-dependent regulation of hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 81:627-40. [PMID: 23456246 PMCID: PMC3597320 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis, like most plants, exhibits tissue-specific, light-dependent growth responses. Cotyledon and leaf growth and the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments are promoted by light, whereas hypocotyl growth is inhibited. The identification and characterization of distinct phytochrome-dependent molecular effectors that are associated with these divergent tissue-specific, light-dependent growth responses are limited. To identify phytochrome-dependent factors that impact the photoregulation of hypocotyl length, we conducted comparative gene expression studies using Arabidopsis lines exhibiting distinct patterns of phytochrome chromophore inactivation and associated disparate hypocotyl elongation responses under far-red (FR) light. A large number of genes was misregulated in plants lacking mesophyll-specific phytochromes relative to constitutively-deficient phytochrome lines. We identified and characterized genes whose expression is impacted by light and by phyA and phyB that have roles in the photoregulation of hypocotyl length. We characterized the functions of several identified target genes by phenotyping of T-DNA mutants. Among these genes is a previously uncharacterized LHE (LIGHT-INDUCED HYPOCOTYL ELONGATION) gene, which we show impacts light- and phytochrome-mediated regulation of hypocotyl elongation under red (R) and FR illumination. We describe a new approach for identifying genes involved in light- and phytochrome-dependent, tissue-specific growth regulation and confirmed the roles of three such genes in the phytochrome-dependent photoregulation of hypocotyl length.
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MESH Headings
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/growth & development
- Arabidopsis/metabolism
- Arabidopsis/radiation effects
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism
- Color
- Cotyledon/genetics
- Cotyledon/growth & development
- Cotyledon/metabolism
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- DNA, Plant/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant
- Genotyping Techniques
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Hypocotyl/genetics
- Hypocotyl/growth & development
- Hypocotyl/metabolism
- Hypocotyl/radiation effects
- Light
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Phenotype
- Phytochrome A/genetics
- Phytochrome A/metabolism
- Phytochrome B/genetics
- Phytochrome B/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/radiation effects
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyung Oh
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University Plant Biology Laboratories, 612 Wilson Road, Rm. 106, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312 USA
| | - Sankalpi N. Warnasooriya
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University Plant Biology Laboratories, 612 Wilson Road, Rm. 106, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312 USA
- Present Address: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132 USA
| | - Beronda L. Montgomery
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University Plant Biology Laboratories, 612 Wilson Road, Rm. 106, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 212, East Lansing, MI 48824-1319 USA
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128
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Miura K, Furumoto T. Cold signaling and cold response in plants. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5312-37. [PMID: 23466881 PMCID: PMC3634503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to a variety of environmental stresses. Freezing or extremely low temperature constitutes a key factor influencing plant growth, development and crop productivity. Plants have evolved a mechanism to enhance tolerance to freezing during exposure to periods of low, but non-freezing temperatures. This phenomenon is called cold acclimation. During cold acclimation, plants develop several mechanisms to minimize potential damages caused by low temperature. Cold response is highly complex process that involves an array of physiological and biochemical modifications. Furthermore, alterations of the expression patterns of many genes, proteins and metabolites in response to cold stress have been reported. Recent studies demonstrate that post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations play a role in the regulation of cold signaling. In this review article, recent advances in cold stress signaling and tolerance are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Furumoto
- Department of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Kyoto 610-8577, Japan; E-Mail:
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129
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Xiao J, Zhang H, Xing L, Xu S, Liu H, Chong K, Xu Y. Requirement of histone acetyltransferases HAM1 and HAM2 for epigenetic modification of FLC in regulating flowering in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:444-51. [PMID: 23273925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation is an important posttranslational modification associated with gene activation. In Arabidopsis, two MYST histone acetyltransferases HAM1 and HAM2 work redundantly to acetylate histone H4 lysine 5 (H4K5ace) in vitro. The double mutant ham1/ham2 is lethal, which suggests the critical role of HAM1 and HAM2 in development. Here, we used an artificial microRNA (amiRNA) strategy in Arabidopsis to uncover a novel function of HAM1 and HAM2. The amiRNA-HAM1/2 transgenic plants showed early flowering and reduced fertility. In addition, they responded normally to photoperiod, gibberellic acid treatment, and vernalization. The expression of flowering-repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and its homologues, MADS-box Affecting Flowering genes 3/4 (MAF3/4), were decreased in amiRNA-HAM1/2 lines. HAM1 overexpression caused late flowering and elevated expression of FLC and MAF3/4. Mutation of FLC almost rescued the late flowering with HAM1 overexpression, which suggests that HAM1 regulation of flowering time depended on FLC. Global H4 acetylation was decreased in amiRNA-HAM1/2 lines, but increased in HAM1-OE lines, which further confirmed the acetyltransferase activity of HAM1 in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that H4 hyperacetylation and H4K5ace at FLC and MAF3/4 were less abundant in amiRNA-HAM1/2 lines than the wild type, but were enriched in HAM1-OE lines. Thus, HAM1 and HAM2 may affect flowering time by epigenetic modification of FLC and MAF3/4 chromatins at H4K5 acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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130
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Verta JP, Landry CR, MacKay JJ. Are long-lived trees poised for evolutionary change? Single locus effects in the evolution of gene expression networks in spruce. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2369-79. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jukka-Pekka Verta
- Département des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt & Centre d’Étude de la Forêt; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada G1V 0A6
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Christian R. Landry
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada G1V 0A6
- Département de Biologie & PROTEO; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada G1V 0A6
| | - John J. MacKay
- Département des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt & Centre d’Étude de la Forêt; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada G1V 0A6
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada G1V 0A6
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131
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Zacharaki V, Benhamed M, Poulios S, Latrasse D, Papoutsoglou P, Delarue M, Vlachonasios KE. The Arabidopsis ortholog of the YEATS domain containing protein YAF9a regulates flowering by controlling H4 acetylation levels at the FLC locus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 196:44-52. [PMID: 23017898 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation and complexes associated with this process are directly involved in chromatin regulation and gene expression. Among these, NuA4 complex is directly involved in acetylation of histone H4, H2A and H2A.Z. In yeast, the NuA4 complex contains the catalytic subunit, the histone acetyltransferase ESA1, and several associated components including YAF9. In this report we explored the biological role of YAF9a in Arabidopsis thaliana. Homozygous yaf9a-1 and yaf9a-3 mutants show early flowering phenotypes. Moreover, yaf9a-1 mutants displayed reduced expression of the flowering repressor FLC, whereas the expression of the flowering activators FT and SOC1 was induced in comparison to wild-type plants. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with H4 tetra-acetylated antibodies we observed a positive correlation with gene expression profile of FLC and FT in yaf9a-1 mutants under long days. We therefore conclude that YAF9a in Arabidopsis is a negative regulator of flowering by controlling the H4 acetylation levels in the FLC and FT chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Zacharaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Sciences, School of Biology, Postgraduate Studies Program "Applied Genetics and Biotechnology", 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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132
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Lee S, Park HC, Bae S, Hong J, Choi J, Hong K, Jhun H, Kim K, Kim E, Jo S, Kim WY, Yun DJ, Kim S. Monoclonal antibodies against recombinant AtHOS15. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2012; 31:118-24. [PMID: 22509916 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2011.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone modifications are important components of transcriptional regulation and chromatin-based regulatory processes. In addition, WD40-repeat protein and several other components are involved in these functions. Here we present the development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Arabidopsis HOS15, a WD40-repeat protein. Mice were immunized with recombinant HOS15 (rHOS15) protein for generating MAbs via the classic hybridoma production technique. We confirmed the specific activity of anti-HOS15 MAbs by tobacco transient expression assays. Based on immunoprecipitation assays, the anti-HOS15 MAb was able to detect endogenous HOS15 in Arabidopsis wild-type plants, but not in hos15 mutant plants. Finally, the anti-HOS15 MAbs are highly sensitive for detecting endogenous HOS15 protein. They can be used for immunological and immunoprecipitation assays to support other experimental strategies. In particular, the anti-HOS15 MAbs will be essential tools to investigate the role of HOS15 in the regulation of tolerance to environmental stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
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133
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Knight MR, Knight H. Low-temperature perception leading to gene expression and cold tolerance in higher plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 195:737-751. [PMID: 22816520 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant species exhibit a range of tolerances to low temperatures, and these constitute a major determinant of their geographical distribution and use as crops. When tolerance is insufficient, either chilling or freezing injuries result. A variety of mechanisms are employed to evade the ravages of extreme or sub-optimal temperatures. Many of these involve cold-responsive gene expression and require that the drop in temperature is first sensed by the plant. Despite intensive research over the last 100 yr or longer, we still cannot easily answer the question of how plants sense low temperature. Over recent years, genomic and post-genomic approaches have produced a wealth of information relating to the sequence of events leading from cold perception to appropriate and useful responses. However, there are also crucial and significant gaps in the pathways constructed from these data. We describe the literature pertaining to the current understanding of cold perception, signalling and regulation of low-temperature-responsive gene expression in higher plants, raising some of the key questions that still intrigue plant biologists today and that could be targets for future work. Our review focuses on the control of gene expression in the pathways leading from cold perception to chilling and freezing tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Knight
- Durham Centre for Crop Improvement Technology, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Heather Knight
- Durham Centre for Crop Improvement Technology, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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134
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Liu X, Luo M, Zhang W, Zhao J, Zhang J, Wu K, Tian L, Duan J. Histone acetyltransferases in rice (Oryza sativa L.): phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization and expression. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:145. [PMID: 22894565 PMCID: PMC3502346 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) play an important role in eukaryotic transcription. Eight HATs identified in rice (OsHATs) can be organized into four families, namely the CBP (OsHAC701, OsHAC703, and OsHAC704), TAFII250 (OsHAF701), GNAT (OsHAG702, OsHAG703, and OsHAG704), and MYST (OsHAM701) families. The biological functions of HATs in rice remain unknown, so a comprehensive protein sequence analysis of the HAT families was conducted to investigate their potential functions. In addition, the subcellular localization and expression patterns of the eight OsHATs were analyzed. RESULTS On the basis of a phylogenetic and domain analysis, monocotyledonous CBP family proteins can be subdivided into two groups, namely Group I and Group II. Similarly, dicotyledonous CBP family proteins can be divided into two groups, namely Group A and Group B. High similarities of protein sequences, conserved domains and three-dimensional models were identified among OsHATs and their homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana and maize. Subcellular localization predictions indicated that all OsHATs might localize in both the nucleus and cytosol. Transient expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts confirmed the nuclear and cytosolic localization of OsHAC701, OsHAG702, and OsHAG704. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the eight OsHATs were expressed in all tissues examined with significant differences in transcript abundance, and their expression was modulated by abscisic acid and salicylic acid as well as abiotic factors such as salt, cold, and heat stresses. CONCLUSIONS Both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous CBP family proteins can be divided into two distinct groups, which suggest the possibility of functional diversification. The high similarities of protein sequences, conserved domains and three-dimensional models among OsHATs and their homologs in Arabidopsis and maize suggested that OsHATs have multiple functions. OsHAC701, OsHAG702, and OsHAG704 were localized in both the nucleus and cytosol in transient expression analyses with Arabidopsis protoplasts. OsHATs were expressed constitutively in rice, and their expression was regulated by exogenous hormones and abiotic stresses, which suggested that OsHATs may play important roles in plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Ming Luo
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zhang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Keqiang Wu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Lining Tian
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Jun Duan
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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135
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Campi M, D’Andrea L, Emiliani J, Casati P. Participation of chromatin-remodeling proteins in the repair of ultraviolet-B-damaged DNA. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 158:981-95. [PMID: 22170978 PMCID: PMC3271783 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.191452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The genome of plants is organized into chromatin, affecting the rates of transcription, DNA recombination, and repair. In this work, we have investigated the consequences of reduced expression of some chromatin-remodeling factors and histone acetylation in maize (Zea mays) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in their participation in DNA repair after ultraviolet (UV)-B irradiation. Plants deficient in NFC102/NFC4 or SDG102/SDG26 showed more damaged DNA than wild-type plants; however, the Arabidopsis chc1 mutant showed similar accumulation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers as wild-type plants, in contrast to the increased DNA damage measured in the maize chc101 RNA interference line. In Arabidopsis, plants deficient in chromatin remodeling are also affected in the accumulation of pigments by UV-B. Plants treated with an inhibitor of histone acetyltransferases, curcumin, previous to the UV-B treatment show deficiencies in DNA repair; in addition, the chromatin remodeling-deficient plants have altered levels of acetylated histones after the UV-B treatment, demonstrating that histone acetylation is important during DNA repair in these two plant species. Arabidopsis mutants ham1 and ham2 also showed increased DNA damage after UV-B, suggesting that the role of these proteins in DNA damage repair has been conserved through evolution. However, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer accumulation was higher in ham1 than in ham2; suggesting that HAM1 has a major role in DNA repair after UV-B. In summary, in this work, we have demonstrated that chromatin remodeling, and histone acetylation in particular, is important during DNA repair by UV-B, demonstrating that both genetic and epigenetic effects control DNA repair in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paula Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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136
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Kuang JF, Chen JY, Luo M, Wu KQ, Sun W, Jiang YM, Lu WJ. Histone deacetylase HD2 interacts with ERF1 and is involved in longan fruit senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:441-54. [PMID: 21926091 PMCID: PMC3245477 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylation plays an important role in epigenetic control of gene expression. HD2 is a plant-specific histone deacetylase that is able to mediate transcriptional repression in many biological processes. To investigate the epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms of longan fruit senescence, one histone deacetylase 2-like gene, DlHD2, and two ethylene-responsive factor-like genes, DlERF1 and DlERF2, were cloned and characterized from longan fruit. Expression of these genes was examined during fruit senescence under different storage conditions. The accumulation of DlHD2 reached a peak at 2 d and 30 d in the fruit stored at 25 °C (room temperature) and 4 °C (low temperature), respectively, or 6 h after the fruit was transferred from 4 °C to 25 °C, when fruit senescence was initiated. However, the DlERF1 transcript accumulated mostly at the later stage of fruit senescence, reaching a peak at 5 d and 35 d in the fruit stored at 25 °C and 4 °C, respectively, or 36 h after the fruit was transferred from low temperature to room temperature. Moreover, application of nitric oxide (NO) delayed fruit senescence, enhanced the expression of DlHD2, but suppressed the expression of DlERF1 and DlERF2. These results indicated a possible interaction between DlHD2 and DlERFs in regulating longan fruit senescence, and the direct interaction between DlHD2 and DlERF1 was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. Taken together, the results suggested that DlHD2 may act with DlERF1 to regulate gene expression involved in longan fruit senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Jian-ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ming Luo
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Ke-qiang Wu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Yue-ming Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Wang-jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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137
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García-Oliver E, García-Molinero V, Rodríguez-Navarro S. mRNA export and gene expression: the SAGA-TREX-2 connection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2011; 1819:555-65. [PMID: 22178374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the gene expression field, different steps have been traditionally viewed as discrete and unconnected events. Nowadays, genetic and functional studies support the model of a coupled network of physical and functional connections to carry out mRNA biogenesis. Gene expression is a coordinated process that comprises different linked steps like transcription, RNA processing, export to the cytoplasm, translation and degradation of mRNAs. Its regulation is essential for cellular survival and can occur at many different levels. Transcription is the central function that occurs in the nucleus, and RNAPII plays an essential role in mRNA biogenesis. During transcription, nascent mRNA is associated with the mRNA-binding proteins involved in processing and export of the mRNA particle. Cells have developed a network of multi-protein complexes whose functions regulate the different factors involved both temporally and spatially. This coupling mechanism acts as a quality control to solve some of the organization problems of gene expression in vivo, where all the factors implicated ensure that mRNAs are ready to be exported and translated. In this review, we focus on the functional coupling of gene transcription and mRNA export, and place particular emphasis on the relationship between the NPC-associated complex, TREX2, and the transcription co-activator, SAGA. We have pinpointed the experimental evidence for Sus1's roles in transcription initiation, transcription elongation and mRNA export. In addition, we have reviewed other NPC-related processes such as gene gating to the nuclear envelope, the chromatin structure and the cellular context in which these processes take place. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear Transport and RNA Processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encar García-Oliver
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Gene Expression coupled with RNA Transport Laboratory, Valencia, Spain
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138
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Vlachonasios KE, Kaldis A, Nikoloudi A, Tsementzi D. The role of transcriptional coactivator ADA2b in Arabidopsis abiotic stress responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:1475-8. [PMID: 21897124 PMCID: PMC3256374 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.10.17695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and crop production can be greatly affected by common environmental stresses such as drought, high salinity and low temperatures. Gene expression is affected by several abiotic stresses. Stress-inducible genes are regulated by transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications. In this Mini-Review, we have explored the role of transcriptional adaptor ADA2b in Arabidopsis responses to abiotic stress. ADA2b is required for the expression of genes involved in abiotic stress either by controlling H3 and H4 acetylation in the case of salt stress or affecting nucleosome occupancy in low temperatures response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos E Vlachonasios
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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139
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Trichostatin A selectively suppresses the cold-induced transcription of the ZmDREB1 gene in maize. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22132. [PMID: 21811564 PMCID: PMC3141014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of histone proteins play a crucial role in responding to environmental stresses. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the removal of an acetyl group from histones and are generally believed to be a transcriptional repressor. In this paper, we report that cold treatment highly induces the up-regulation of HDACs, leading to global deacetylation of histones H3 and H4. Treatment of maize with the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) under cold stress conditions strongly inhibits induction of the maize cold-responsive genes ZmDREB1 and ZmCOR413. However, up-regulation of the ZmICE1 gene in response to cold stress is less affected. The expression of drought and salt induced genes, ZmDBF1 and rab17, is almost unaffected by TSA treatment. Thus, these observations show that HDACs may selectively activate transcription. The time course of TSA effects on the expression of ZmDREB1 and ZmCOR413 genes indicates that HDACs appear to directly activate the ZmDREB1 gene, which in turn modulates ZmCOR413 expression. After cold treatment, histone hyperacetylation and DNA demethylation occurs in the ICE1 binding region, accompanied by an increase in accessibility to micrococcal nuclease (MNase). The two regions adjacent to the ICE1 binding site remain hypoacetylated and methylated. However, during cold acclimation, TSA treatment increases the acetylation status and accessibility of MNase and decreases DNA methylation at these two regions. However, TSA treatment does not affect histone hyperacetylation and DNA methylation levels at the ICE1 binding regions of the ZmDREB1 gene. Altogether, our findings indicate that HDACs positively regulate the expression of the cold-induced ZmDREB1 gene through histone modification and chromatin conformational changes and that this activation is both gene and site selective.
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140
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Luo M, Liu X, Singh P, Cui Y, Zimmerli L, Wu K. Chromatin modifications and remodeling in plant abiotic stress responses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2011; 1819:129-36. [PMID: 21708299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sensing environmental changes and initiating a gene expression response are important for plants as sessile autotrophs. The ability of epigenetic status to alter rapidly and reversibly could be a key component to the flexibility of plant responses to the environment. The involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the response to environmental cues and to different types of abiotic stresses has been documented. Different environmental stresses lead to altered methylation status of DNA as well as modifications of nucleosomal histones. Understanding how epigenetic mechanisms are involved in plant response to environmental stress is highly desirable, not just for a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of plant stress response but also for possible application in the genetic manipulation of plants. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms of chromatin modifications and remodeling, with emphasis on the roles of specific modification enzymes and remodeling factors in plant abiotic stress responses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant gene regulation in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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141
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Wu X, Oh MH, Schwarz EM, Larue CT, Sivaguru M, Imai BS, Yau PM, Ort DR, Huber SC. Lysine acetylation is a widespread protein modification for diverse proteins in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:1769-78. [PMID: 21311030 PMCID: PMC3091122 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.165852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation (LysAc), a form of reversible protein posttranslational modification previously known only for histone regulation in plants, is shown to be widespread in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Sixty-four Lys modification sites were identified on 57 proteins, which operate in a wide variety of pathways/processes and are located in various cellular compartments. A number of photosynthesis-related proteins are among this group of LysAc proteins, including photosystem II (PSII) subunits, light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (LHCb), Rubisco large and small subunits, and chloroplastic ATP synthase (β-subunit). Using two-dimensional native green/sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, the loosely PSII-bound LHCb was separated from the LHCb that is tightly bound to PSII and shown to have substantially higher level of LysAc, implying that LysAc may play a role in distributing the LHCb complexes. Several potential LysAc sites were identified on eukaryotic elongation factor-1A (eEF-1A) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and using sequence- and modification-specific antibodies the acetylation of Lys-227 and Lys-306 was established. Lys-306 is contained within a predicted calmodulin-binding sequence and acetylation of Lys-306 strongly inhibited the interactions of eEF-1A synthetic peptides with calmodulin recombinant proteins in vitro. These results suggest that LysAc of eEF-1A may directly affect regulatory properties and localization of the protein within the cell. Overall, these findings reveal the possibility that reversible LysAc may be an important and previously unknown regulatory mechanism of a large number of nonhistone proteins affecting a wide range of pathways and processes in Arabidopsis and likely in all plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven C. Huber
- Program in Physiological and Molecular Plant Biology (X.W., E.M.S.), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Department of Plant Biology (M.-H.O., C.T.L., D.R.O., S.C.H.), Microscopy Facility, Institute for Genomic Biology (M.S.), and Protein Sciences Facility, Carver Biotechnology Center (B.S.I., P.M.Y.), University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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142
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Kaldis A, Tsementzi D, Tanriverdi O, Vlachonasios KE. Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptional co-activators ADA2b and SGF29a are implicated in salt stress responses. PLANTA 2011; 233:749-62. [PMID: 21193996 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator ADA2b is a component of GCN5-containing complexes in eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis, ada2b mutants result in pleiotropic developmental defects and altered responses to low-temperature stress. SGF29 has recently been identified as another component of GCN5-containing complexes. In the Arabidopsis genome there are two orthologs of yeast SGF29, designated as SGF29a and SGF29b. We hypothesized that, in Arabidopsis, one or both SGF29 proteins may work in concert with ADA2b to regulate genes in response to abiotic stress, and we set out to explore the role of SGF29a and ADA2b in salt stress responses. In root growth and seed germination assays, sgf29a-1 mutants were more resistant to salt stress than their wild-type counterparts, whereas ada2b-1 mutant was hypersensitive. The sgf29a;ada2b double mutant displayed similar phenotypes to ada2b-1 mutant with reduced salt sensitivity. The expression of several abiotic stress-responsive genes was reduced in ada2b-1 mutants after 3 h of salt stress in comparison with sgf29a-1 and wild-type plants. In the sgf29a-1;ada2b-1 double mutant, the salt-induced gene expression was affected similarly to ada2b-1. These results suggest that under salt stress the function of SGF29a was masked by ADA2b and perhaps SGF29a could play an auxiliary role to ADA2b action. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, reduced levels of histone H3 and H4 acetylation in the promoter and coding region of COR6.6, RAB18, and RD29b genes were observed in ada2b-1 mutants relative to wild-type plants. In conclusion, ADA2b positively regulates salt-induced gene expression by maintaining the locus-specific acetylation of histones H4 and H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Kaldis
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
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143
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Vaahtera L, Brosché M. More than the sum of its parts--how to achieve a specific transcriptional response to abiotic stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:421-30. [PMID: 21421388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and appropriate response to stress is key to survival. A major part of plant adaptation to abiotic stresses is regulated at the level of gene expression. The regulatory steps involved in accurate expression of stress related genes need to be tailored to the specific stress for optimal plant performance. Accumulating evidence suggests that there are several processes contributing to signalling specificity: post-translational activation and selective nuclear import of transcription factors, regulation of DNA accessibility by chromatin modifying and remodelling enzymes, and cooperation between two or more response elements in a stress-responsive promoter. These mechanisms should not be viewed as independent events, instead the nuclear DNA is in a complex landscape where many proteins interact, compete, and regulate each other. Hence future studies should consider an integrated view of gene regulation composed of numerous chromatin associated proteins in addition to transcription factors. Although most studies have focused on a single regulatory mechanism, it is more likely the combined actions of several mechanisms that provide a stress specific output. In this review recent progress in abiotic stress signalling is discussed with emphasis on possible mechanisms for generating specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Vaahtera
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Viikinkaari 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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144
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To TK, Nakaminami K, Kim JM, Morosawa T, Ishida J, Tanaka M, Yokoyama S, Shinozaki K, Seki M. Arabidopsis HDA6 is required for freezing tolerance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 406:414-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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145
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Huang J, Zhang L, Xiao L, Xu L, Hu F, Shao W, Liu W, Mo X, Shi T, Qiu X. The role of human ADA2a in the regulation of p53 acetylation and stability. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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146
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Sasaki K, Imai R. Pleiotropic roles of cold shock domain proteins in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 2:116. [PMID: 22639630 PMCID: PMC3355641 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The cold shock domain (CSD) is a nucleic acid binding domain that is widely conserved from bacteria to higher plants and animals. In Escherichia coli, cold shock proteins (CSPs) are composed solely of a CSD and function as RNA chaperones that destabilize RNA secondary structures. Cellular RNAs tend to be folded into unfavorable structures under low temperature conditions, and RNA chaperones resolve these structures, recovering functionality of the RNAs. CSP functions are associated mainly with cold adaptation, but they are also involved in other biological processes under normal growth conditions. Eukaryotic CSD proteins contain auxiliary domains in addition to the CSD and regulate many biological processes such as development and stress tolerance. In plants, it has been demonstrated that CSD proteins play essential roles in acquiring freezing tolerance. In addition, it has been suggested that some plant CSD proteins regulate embryo development, flowering time, and fruit development. In this review, we summarize the pleiotropic biological functions of CSP proteins in plants and discuss possible mechanisms by which plant CSD proteins regulate the functions of RNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Sasaki
- Hokkaido Agriculture Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationSapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Japan
| | - Ryozo Imai
- Hokkaido Agriculture Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationSapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ryozo Imai, Hokkaido Agriculture Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hitsujigaoka 1, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan. e-mail:
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147
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Naguleswaran A, Elias EV, McClintick J, Edenberg HJ, Sullivan WJ. Toxoplasma gondii lysine acetyltransferase GCN5-A functions in the cellular response to alkaline stress and expression of cyst genes. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001232. [PMID: 21179246 PMCID: PMC3003489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic protozoa such as the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii progress through their life cycle in response to stimuli in the environment or host organism. Very little is known about how proliferating tachyzoites reprogram their expressed genome in response to stresses that prompt development into latent bradyzoite cysts. We have previously linked histone acetylation with the expression of stage-specific genes, but the factors involved remain to be determined. We sought to determine if GCN5, which operates as a transcriptional co-activator by virtue of its histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, contributed to stress-induced changes in gene expression in Toxoplasma. In contrast to other lower eukaryotes, Toxoplasma has duplicated its GCN5 lysine acetyltransferase (KAT). Disruption of the gene encoding for TgGCN5-A in type I RH strain did not produce a severe phenotype under normal culture conditions, but here we show that the TgGCN5-A null mutant is deficient in responding to alkaline pH, a common stress used to induce bradyzoite differentiation in vitro. We performed a genome-wide analysis of the Toxoplasma transcriptional response to alkaline pH stress, finding that parasites deleted for TgGCN5-A fail to up-regulate 74% of the stress response genes that are induced 2-fold or more in wild-type. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we verify an enrichment of TgGCN5-A at the upstream regions of genes activated by alkaline pH exposure. The TgGCN5-A knockout is also incapable of up-regulating key marker genes expressed during development of the latent cyst form, and is impaired in its ability to recover from alkaline stress. Complementation of the TgGCN5-A knockout restores the expression of these stress-induced genes and reverses the stress recovery defect. These results establish TgGCN5-A as a major contributor to the alkaline stress response in RH strain Toxoplasma. Protozoan parasites cause significant disease in humans and livestock, and many of our current therapies have serious side effects or are being rendered useless due to the development of drug resistance. These parasites typically have complex life cycles involving multiple hosts and some, like Toxoplasma gondii, have the ability to remain in the host for life as a latent tissue cyst. Toxoplasma is one of the most successful parasites on Earth because the ability to develop into a tissue cyst greatly facilitates transmission through carnivores. Cyst formation also is responsible for recrudescent infection in immunocompromised patients. The conversion of Toxoplasma from its replicating cell to the cyst is triggered by stress, but we have little understanding of how the parasite stress response functions. In this study, we identify the genes involved in Toxoplasma's response to alkaline stress, which is a known trigger of cyst development. We also establish that a lysine acetyltransferase enzyme called TgGCN5-A is required for type I RH strain Toxoplasma to respond normally to alkaline stress. Parasites lacking TgGCN5-A are no longer capable of activating genes induced during cyst formation triggered by alkaline pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunasalam Naguleswaran
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Eliana V. Elias
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jeanette McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - William J. Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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148
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Elrouby N, Coupland G. Proteome-wide screens for small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) substrates identify Arabidopsis proteins implicated in diverse biological processes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:17415-20. [PMID: 20855607 PMCID: PMC2951436 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1005452107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent modification of proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) regulates various cellular activities in yeast and mammalian cells. In Arabidopsis, inactivation of genes encoding SUMO or SUMO-conjugation enzymes is lethal, emphasizing the importance of SUMOylation in plant development. Despite this, little is known about SUMO targets in plants. Here we identified 238 Arabidopsis proteins as potential SUMO substrates because they interacted with SUMO-conjugating enzyme and/or SUMO protease (ESD4) in the yeast two-hybrid system. Compared with the whole Arabidopsis proteome, the identified proteins were strongly enriched for those containing high-probability consensus SUMO attachment sites, further supporting that they are true SUMO substrates. A high-throughput assay was developed in Escherichia coli and used to test the SUMOylation of 56% of these proteins. More than 92% of the proteins tested were SUMOylated in this assay by at least one SUMO isoform. Furthermore, ADA2b, an ESD4 interactor that was SUMOylated in the E. coli system, also was shown to be SUMOylated in Arabidopsis. The identified SUMO substrates are involved in a wide range of plant processes, many of which were not previously known to involve SUMOylation. These proteins provide a basis for exploring the function of SUMOylation in the regulation of diverse processes in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Elrouby
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne Weg 10, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne Weg 10, Cologne 50829, Germany
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149
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Pavangadkar K, Thomashow MF, Triezenberg SJ. Histone dynamics and roles of histone acetyltransferases during cold-induced gene regulation in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 74:183-200. [PMID: 20661629 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, CBF transcription factors bind to and activate certain cold-regulated (COR) gene promoters during cold acclimation. Consistent with the prevailing model that histone acetylation and nucleosomal depletion correspond with transcriptionally active genes, we now report that H3 acetylation increases and nucleosome occupancy decreases at COR gene promoters upon cold acclimation. Overexpression of CBF1 resulted in a constitutive increase in H3 acetylation and decrease in nucleosome occupancy, consistent with the constitutive activation of COR gene expression. Overexpression of a truncated form of CBF2 lacking its transcriptional activation domain resulted in a cold-stimulated increase in H3 acetylation, but no change in nucleosomal occupancy or COR gene expression, indicating that histone acetylation is congruent with but not sufficient for cold-activation of COR gene expression. Plants homozygous for T-DNA disruption alleles of GCN5 (encoding a histone acetyltransferase) or ADA2b (a GCN5-interacting protein) show diminished expression of COR genes during cold acclimation. Contrary to expectations, H3 acetylation at COR gene promoters was stimulated upon cold acclimation in ada2b and gcn5 plants as in wild type plants, but the decrease in nucleosome occupancy was diminished. Thus, GCN5 is not the HAT responsible for histone acetylation at COR gene promoters during cold acclimation. Several other HAT mutant plants were also tested; although some do affect COR gene expression, none affected histone acetylation. Therefore, H3 acetylation at the COR gene promoters is not solely dependent on any of the HATs tested.
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Servet C, Conde e Silva N, Zhou DX. Histone acetyltransferase AtGCN5/HAG1 is a versatile regulator of developmental and inducible gene expression in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2010; 3:670-7. [PMID: 20457643 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssq018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation/deacetylation is a dynamic process and plays an important role in gene regulation. Histone acetylation homeostasis is regulated by antagonist actions of histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and deacetylases (HDAC). Plant genome encodes multiple HATs and HDACs. The Arabidopsis HAT gene AtGCN5/HAG1plays an essential role in many plant development processes, such as meristem function, cell differentiation, leaf and floral organogenesis, and responses to environmental conditions such as light and cold, indicating an important role of this HAT in the regulation of both long-term developmental switches and short-term inducible gene expression. AtGCN5 targets to a large number of promoters and is required for acetylation of several histone H3 lysine residues. Recruitment of AtGCN5 to target promoters is likely to be mediated by direct or indirect interaction with DNA-binding transcription factors and/or by interaction with acetylated histone lysine residues on the targets. Interplay between AtGCN5 and other HAT and HDAC is demonstrated to control specific regulatory pathways. Analysis of the role of AtGCN5 in light-inducible gene expression suggests a function of AtGCN5 in preparing chromatin commitment for priming inducible gene activation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Servet
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université Paris-sud 11, 91405 Orsay, France
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