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Ravcheev DA, Thiele I. Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. Front Genet 2017; 8:111. [PMID: 28912798 PMCID: PMC5583593 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. Colonic mucus consists of a loose outer layer and a dense epithelium-attached layer. The outer layer is inhabited by various representatives of the human gut microbiota (HGM). Glycans of the colonic mucus can be used by the HGM as a source of carbon and energy when dietary fibers are not sufficiently available. Both commensals and pathogens can utilize mucin glycans. Commensals are mostly involved in the cleavage of glycans, while pathogens mostly utilize monosaccharides released by commensals. This HGM-derived degradation of the mucus layer increases pathogen susceptibility and causes many other health disorders. Here, we analyzed 397 individual HGM genomes to identify pathways for the cleavage of host-synthetized mucin glycans to monosaccharides as well as for the catabolism of the derived monosaccharides. Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. (ii) Genes for the catabolism of derived monosaccharides were found in 89% of the analyzed genomes. (iii) Comparative genomic analysis identified four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes and four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters. (iv) Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes may be involved in potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans. (v) The analyzed genomes demonstrated different abilities to degrade known mucin glycans. Generally, the ability to degrade at least one type of mucin glycan was predicted for 81% of the analyzed genomes. (vi) Eighty-two percent of the analyzed genomes can form mutualistic pairs that are able to degrade mucin glycans and are not degradable by any of the paired organisms alone. Taken together, these findings provide further insight into the inter-microbial communications of the HGM as well as into host-HGM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Ravcheev
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of LuxembourgEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ines Thiele
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of LuxembourgEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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102
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Buntin N, Hongpattarakere T, Ritari J, Douillard FP, Paulin L, Boeren S, Shetty SA, de Vos WM. An Inducible Operon Is Involved in Inulin Utilization in Lactobacillus plantarum Strains, as Revealed by Comparative Proteogenomics and Metabolic Profiling. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e02402-16. [PMID: 27815279 PMCID: PMC5203619 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02402-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The draft genomes of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from Asian fermented foods, infant feces, and shrimp intestines were sequenced and compared to those of well-studied strains. Among 28 strains of L. plantarum, variations in the genomic features involved in ecological adaptation were elucidated. The genome sizes ranged from approximately 3.1 to 3.5 Mb, of which about 2,932 to 3,345 protein-coding sequences (CDS) were predicted. The food-derived isolates contained a higher number of carbohydrate metabolism-associated genes than those from infant feces. This observation correlated to their phenotypic carbohydrate metabolic profile, indicating their ability to metabolize the largest range of sugars. Surprisingly, two strains (P14 and P76) isolated from fermented fish utilized inulin. β-Fructosidase, the inulin-degrading enzyme, was detected in the supernatants and cell wall extracts of both strains. No activity was observed in the cytoplasmic fraction, indicating that this key enzyme was either membrane-bound or extracellularly secreted. From genomic mining analysis, a predicted inulin operon of fosRABCDXE, which encodes β-fructosidase and many fructose transporting proteins, was found within the genomes of strains P14 and P76. Moreover, pts1BCA genes, encoding sucrose-specific IIBCA components involved in sucrose transport, were also identified. The proteomic analysis revealed the mechanism and functional characteristic of the fosRABCDXE operon involved in the inulin utilization of L. plantarum The expression levels of the fos operon and pst genes were upregulated at mid-log phase. FosE and the LPXTG-motif cell wall anchored β-fructosidase were induced to a high abundance when inulin was present as a carbon source. IMPORTANCE Inulin is a long-chain carbohydrate that may act as a prebiotic, which provides many health benefits to the host by selectively stimulating the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the colon. While certain lactobacilli can catabolize inulin, this has not yet been described for Lactobacillus plantarum, and an associated putative inulin operon has not been reported in this species. By using comparative and functional genomics, we showed that two L. plantarum strains utilized inulin and identified functional inulin operons in their genomes. The proteogenomic data revealed that inulin degradation and uptake routes, which related to the fosRABCDXE operon and pstBCA genes, were widely expressed among L. plantarum strains. The present work provides a novel understanding of gene regulation and mechanisms of inulin utilization in probiotic L. plantarum generating opportunities for synbiotic product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirunya Buntin
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tipparat Hongpattarakere
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jarmo Ritari
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sudarshan A Shetty
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program Unit Immunobiology, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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103
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Study on the uptake and deglycosylation of the masked forms of zearalenone in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 98:232-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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104
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Darsonval M, Alexandre H, Grandvalet C. Genetically engineered Oenococcus oeni strains to highlight the impact of estA2 and estA7 esterase genes on wine ester profile. Food Microbiol 2016; 60:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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105
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Hijová E, Kuzma J, Strojný L, Bomba A, Bertková I, Chmelárová A, Hertelyová Z, Kuliková L, Štofilová J, Ambro Ľ. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 on Intestinal Bacterial Enzyme Activities in the Prevention of Cancer, Atherosclerosis and Dysbiosis. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/acve-2016-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 on intestinal bacterial enzyme activities – β-glucuronidase (β-GLUCUR), β-galactosidase (β-GAL), and β-glucosidase (β-GLU) in the prevention of cancer, atherosclerosis and dysbiosis was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 12 experimental groups: C (control group), AT (atherosclerotic group), CC (carcinogenic group), and then each group in combination with antibiotics and probiotics individually and each group in double combination on antibiotic and probiotic. In the control group the β-glucuronidase activity did not change throughout the experiment. High fat diet in the atherosclerotic group significantly increased the activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.001) and β-glucosidase (p<0.01). Azoxymethane application in the carcinogenic group significantly increased β-glucuronidase (p<0.01), but reduced β-glucosidase (p<0.01). Daily application of probiotics individually and in double combination with antibiotics increased the activity of β-galactosidase, and β-glucosidase, and positively decreased the level of β-glucuronidase. In the control antibiotic group β-glucuronidase was significantly increased (p<0.05), and β-glucosidase decreased (p<0.01) which can be caused by a change of microflora in favor of coliform bacteria. These finding indicate the positive effects of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 which allows its use in disease prevention in human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Hijová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of P. J. Šafárik, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kuzma
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of P. J. Šafárik, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Strojný
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of P. J. Šafárik, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alojz Bomba
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of P. J. Šafárik, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Izabela Bertková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of P. J. Šafárik, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Chmelárová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of P. J. Šafárik, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zdena Hertelyová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of P. J. Šafárik, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kuliková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of P. J. Šafárik, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Štofilová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of P. J. Šafárik, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ľuboš Ambro
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of P. J. Šafárik, Košice, Slovakia
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106
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Li HL, Li ZJ, Wei ZS, Liu T, Zou XZ, Liao Y, Luo Y. Long-term effects of oral tea polyphenols and Lactobacillus brevis M8 on biochemical parameters, digestive enzymes, and cytokines expression in broilers. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 16:1019-26. [PMID: 26642185 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the long-term effects of oral tea polyphenols (TPs) and Lactobacillus brevis M8 (LB) on biochemical parameters, digestive enzymes, and cytokines expression in broilers. In experiment 1, 240 broiler chickens were selected to investigate the effects of 0.06 g/kg body weight (BW) TP and 1.0 ml/kg BW LB on broilers; in experiment 2, 180 broiler chickens were assigned randomly to three groups to investigate the effects of different dosages of TP (0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 g/kg BW) combined with 1.0 ml/kg BW LB on broilers; in experiment 3, 180 broiler chickens were assigned randomly to three groups to investigate the effects of different dosages of LB (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ml/kg BW) combined with 0.06 g/kg BW TP on broilers. The results showed that TP and LB affected serum biochemical parameters, and TP reduced serum cholesterol (CHO) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) abundances in a dosage-dependent manner (P<0.05) on Day 84. Meanwhile, broilers fed a diet supplemented with TP or LB had a lower intestinal lipase activity on Day 84 compared with the control group (P<0.05). Middle and high dosages of TP increased pancreatic lipase and proventriculus pepsin activities (P<0.05). Also middle and high dosages of LB significantly enhanced pancreatic lipase activity (P<0.05), while high LB supplementation inhibited intestinal trypsase (P<0.05) on Day 84. Furthermore, both TP and LB reduced intestinal cytokine expression and nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) mRNA level on Days 56 and 84. In conclusion, long-term treatment of TP and LB improved lipid metabolism and digestive enzymes activities, and affected intestinal inflammatory status, which may be associated with the NF-κB signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-li Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zong-jun Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhong-shan Wei
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiao-zuo Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yong Liao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
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107
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Knittel DN, Huber U, Stintzing FC, Kammerer DR. Effect of extraction, microbial fermentation and storage on the cardenolide profile of Strophanthus kombé Oliv. seed preparations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 129:96-104. [PMID: 27416523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Strophanthus extracts containing cardioactive cardenolides are still applied in European complementary medicine for the treatment of heart diseases. However, the cardenolide profile and the fate of individual compounds during extraction and storage are not well understood. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to characterize the cardenolide compound pattern in extracts of different polarity and their structural changes upon storage in aqueous fermented preparations. For this purpose, individual cardenolides were quantitated by a UHPLC-DAD validated method using an internal standard. Three different extraction protocols were compared: hydroethanolic extraction under reflux with and without previous defatting of the seed material and ultrasonic-assisted extraction at ambient temperature. Reflux extraction of non-defatted seeds showed maximum cardenolide yields. Differences in the cardenolide contents of seeds of the different origins Zimbabwe and Malawi were observed. The cardenolide profile and metabolization of individual compounds upon fermentation and storage of S. kombé seed extracts revealed that predominant cardenolides, mainly strophanthidin glycosides, changed upon storage over 12 months. Cardenolides exhibiting two or three saccharide moieties were degraded presumably by β-glucosidase activities, originating from the plant material or lactobacilli, releasing the corresponding monoglycosides. The latter were further degraded into the corresponding aglycones probably by acid hydrolysis as a result of lactic acid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana N Knittel
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, Dorfstr. 1, 73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Ursula Huber
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, Dorfstr. 1, 73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Florian C Stintzing
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, Dorfstr. 1, 73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Dietmar R Kammerer
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, Dorfstr. 1, 73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany.
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108
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Tokpohozin SE, Fischer S, Sacher B, Becker T. β-d-Glucosidase as "key enzyme" for sorghum cyanogenic glucoside (dhurrin) removal and beer bioflavouring. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:217-223. [PMID: 27623178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum malt used during African beer processing contains a high level of cyanogenic glucoside (dhurrin), up to 1375 ppm. In traditional sorghum malting and mashing, dhurrin is not sufficiently hydrolyzed due to uncontrolled germination and a high gelatinization temperature. The cyanide content of traditional African beers (11 ppm) is higher than the minimum dose (1 ppm) required to form carcinogenic ethyl carbamate during alcoholic fermentation. In the detoxification process, aryl-β-d-glucosidase (dhurrinase) is the "key component". For significant dhurrin hydrolysis during mashing, optimizing dhurrinase synthesis during malting is a good solution to reduce dhurrin completely to below the harmful dose in the sorghum wort. Lactic acid bacteria which exhibit aryl-β-d-glucosidase prior to alcoholic fermentation may help to reduce ethyl carbamate content in alcoholic beverages. Moreover, some specific β-d-glucosidases have a dual property, being able to cleave and synthesize glucosides bonds and thereby generating good precursors for beer bioflavouring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedjro Emile Tokpohozin
- Institute of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Steig, 20 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Susann Fischer
- Institute of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Steig, 20 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Bertram Sacher
- Institute of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Steig, 20 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Steig, 20 85354, Freising, Germany
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109
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Lee YG, Cho JY, Kim YM, Moon JH. Change in Flavonoid Composition and Antioxidative Activity during Fermentation of Onion (Allium cepa L.) by Leuconostoc mesenteroides with Different Salt Concentrations. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C1385-93. [PMID: 27175820 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the change in flavonoid composition and antioxidative activity during fermentation of onion (Allium cepa L.) by Leuconostoc mesenteroides with different NaCl concentrations. In order to qualify and quantify the flavonoids during fermentation of onion, 7 flavonoids, [quercetin 3,7-O-β-d-diglucopyranoside (Q3,7G), quercetin 3,4'-O-β-d-diglucopyranoside (Q3,4'G), quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (Q3G), quercetin 4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (Q4'G), isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (IR3G), quercetin (Q), and isorhamnetin (IR)], were isolated and identified from onion. During fermentation, the contents of flavonoid glucosides (Q3,7G, Q3,4'G, Q3G, Q4'G, and IR3G) gradually decreased, whereas the contents of flavonoid aglycones (Q, IR) gradually increased. Decline rates of the flavonoid glucosides increased with the addition of L. mesenteroides. Furthermore, the activity of β-glucosidase, which is produced by L. mesenteroides, is dose-dependently inhibited with different NaCl concentrations during fermentation. The presence of L. mesenteroides enhanced the antioxidative activity of onion as demonstrated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and reducing power assays. The enhancement of antioxidative activity was considered because the content of flavonoid aglycones increased during fermentation. However, the addition of NaCl may decrease the antioxidative activity; we surmise that this phenomenon occurs because of the inhibition of β-glucosidase by NaCl. Therefore, we conclude that the addition of NaCl may be useful for the regulation of antioxidative activity via the control of β-glucosidase action, during the fermentation of flavonoid glucoside-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Geon Lee
- Authors are with Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Functional Food Research Center, and BK21 Plus Program, Chonnam National Univ, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Authors are with Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Functional Food Research Center, and BK21 Plus Program, Chonnam National Univ, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Authors are with Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Functional Food Research Center, and BK21 Plus Program, Chonnam National Univ, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Moon
- Authors are with Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Functional Food Research Center, and BK21 Plus Program, Chonnam National Univ, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
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110
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Braune A, Blaut M. Bacterial species involved in the conversion of dietary flavonoids in the human gut. Gut Microbes 2016; 7:216-34. [PMID: 26963713 PMCID: PMC4939924 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1158395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the conversion of dietary flavonoids and thereby affects their health-promoting effects in the human host. The identification of the bacteria involved in intestinal flavonoid conversion has gained increasing interest. This review summarizes available information on the so far identified human intestinal flavonoid-converting bacterial species and strains as well as their enzymes catalyzing the underlying reactions. The majority of described species involved in flavonoid transformation are capable of carrying out the O-deglycosylation of flavonoids. Other bacteria cleave the less common flavonoid-C-glucosides and/or further degrade the aglycones of flavonols, flavanonols, flavones, flavanones, dihydrochalcones, isoflavones and monomeric flavan-3-ols. To increase the currently limited knowledge in this field, identification of flavonoid-converting bacteria should be continued using culture-dependent screening or isolation procedures and molecular approaches based on sequence information of the involved enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Braune
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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111
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Bajpai VK, Han JH, Nam GJ, Majumder R, Park C, Lim J, Paek WK, Rather IA, Park YH. Characterization and pharmacological potential of Lactobacillus sakei 1I1 isolated from fresh water fish Zacco koreanus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 24:8. [PMID: 26980217 PMCID: PMC4793658 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-016-0147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are still a large variety of microorganisms among aquatic animals which have not been explored for their pharmacological potential. Hence, present study was aimed to isolate and characterize a potent lactic acid bacterium from fresh water fish sample Zacco koreanus, and to confirm its pharmacological potential. METHODS Isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fresh water fish samples was done using serial dilution method. Biochemical identification and molecular characterization of selected LAB isolate 1I1, based on its potent antimicrobial efficacy, was accomplished using API kit and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Further, 1I1 was assessed for α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory potential as well as antiviral efficacy against highly pathogenic human influenza virus H1N1 using MDCK cell line in terms of its pharmacological potential. RESULTS Here, we first time report isolation as well as biochemical and molecular characterization of a lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus sakei 1I1 isolated from the intestine of a fresh water fish Z. koreanus. As a result, L. sakei 1I1 exhibited potent antimicrobial effect in vitro, and diameter of zones of inhibition of 1I1 against the tested pathogens was found in the range of 13.32 ± 0.51 to 23.16 ± 0.32 mm. Also L. sakei 1I1 at 100 mg/ml exhibited significant (p < 0.05) α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities by 60.69 and 72.59%, in terms of its anti-diabetic and anti-melanogenic potential, respectively. Moreover, L. sakei 1I1 displayed profound anti-cytopathic effect on MDCK cell line when treated with its ethanol extract (100 mg/ml), confirming its potent anti-viral efficacy against H1N1 influenza virus. CONCLUSIONS These findings reinforce the suggestions that L. sakei 1I1 isolated from the intestine of fresh water fish Z. koreanus might be a candidate of choice for using in pharmacological preparations as an effective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiome Laboratory, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Han
- National Science Museum, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Daejeon, 32143, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Jun Nam
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiome Laboratory, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajib Majumder
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiome Laboratory, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanseo Park
- National Science Museum, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Daejeon, 32143, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongheui Lim
- National Science Museum, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Daejeon, 32143, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woon Kee Paek
- National Science Museum, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Daejeon, 32143, Republic of Korea
| | - Irfan A Rather
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiome Laboratory, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ha Park
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiome Laboratory, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Republic of Korea.
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112
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Michlmayr H, Varga E, Malachova A, Nguyen NT, Lorenz C, Haltrich D, Berthiller F, Adam G. A Versatile Family 3 Glycoside Hydrolase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis Hydrolyzes β-Glucosides of the Fusarium Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, and HT-2 Toxin in Cereal Matrices. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4885-93. [PMID: 25979885 PMCID: PMC4495206 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01061-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a central role in plant defense against xenobiotics, including mycotoxins. Glucoconjugates of Fusarium toxins, such as deoxynivalenol-3-O-β-d-glucoside (DON-3G), often cooccur with their parental toxins in cereal-based food and feed. To date, only limited information exists on the occurrence of glucosylated mycotoxins and their toxicological relevance. Due to a lack of analytical standards and the requirement of high-end analytical instrumentation for their direct determination, hydrolytic cleavage of β-glucosides followed by analysis of the released parental toxins has been proposed as an indirect determination approach. This study compares the abilities of several fungal and recombinant bacterial β-glucosidases to hydrolyze the model analyte DON-3G. Furthermore, substrate specificities of two fungal and two bacterial (Lactobacillus brevis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis) glycoside hydrolase family 3 β-glucosidases were evaluated on a broader range of substrates. The purified recombinant enzyme from B. adolescentis (BaBgl) displayed high flexibility in substrate specificity and exerted the highest hydrolytic activity toward 3-O-β-d-glucosides of the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, and HT-2 toxin. A Km of 5.4 mM and a Vmax of 16 μmol min(-1) mg(-1) were determined with DON-3G. Due to low product inhibition (DON and glucose) and sufficient activity in several extracts of cereal matrices, this enzyme has the potential to be used for indirect analyses of trichothecene-β-glucosides in cereal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Michlmayr
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Alexandra Malachova
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Nhung Thi Nguyen
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Cindy Lorenz
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
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113
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Knittel DN, Stintzing FC, Kammerer DR. Metabolic fate of cardiac glycosides and flavonoids upon fermentation of aqueous sea squill (Drimia maritima L.) extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 110:100-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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114
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Nuraida L. A review: Health promoting lactic acid bacteria in traditional Indonesian fermented foods. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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115
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Braune A, Engst W, Blaut M. Identification and functional expression of genes encoding flavonoid O- and C-glycosidases in intestinal bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:2117-29. [PMID: 25845411 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gut bacteria play a crucial role in the metabolism of dietary flavonoids and thereby influence the bioactivity of these compounds in the host. The intestinal Lachnospiraceae strain CG19-1 and Eubacterium cellulosolvens are able to deglycosylate C- and O-coupled flavonoid glucosides. Growth of strain CG19-1 in the presence of the isoflavone C-glucoside puerarin (daidzein 8-C-glucoside) led to the induction of two proteins (DfgC, DfgD). Heterologous expression of the encoding genes (dfgC, dfgD) in Escherichia coli revealed no C-deglycosylating activity in the resulting cell extracts but cleavage of flavonoid O-glucosides such as daidzin (daidzein 7-O-glucoside). The recombinant DfgC and DfgD proteins were purified and characterized with respect to their quaternary structure, substrate and cofactor specificity. The products of the corresponding genes (dfgC, dfgD) from E. cellulosolvens also catalysed the O-deglycosylation of daidzin following their expression in E. coli. In combination with three recombinant proteins encoded by adjacent genes in E. cellulosolvens (dfgA, dfgB, dfgE), DfgC and DfgD from E. cellulosolvens catalysed the deglycosylation of the flavone C-glucosides homoorientin (luteolin 6-C-glucoside) and isovitexin (apigenin 6-C-glucoside). Even intact cells of E. coli expressing the five E. cellulosolvens genes cleaved these flavone C-glucosides and, also, flavonoid O-glucosides to the corresponding aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Braune
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, D-14558, Germany
| | - Wolfram Engst
- Analytics Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, D-14558, Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, D-14558, Germany
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