101
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Linking meta-omics to the kinetics of denitrification intermediates reveals pH-dependent causes of N 2O emissions and nitrite accumulation in soil. ISME JOURNAL 2021; 16:26-37. [PMID: 34211102 PMCID: PMC8692524 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soil pH is a key controller of denitrification. We analysed the metagenomics/transcriptomics and phenomics of two soils from a long-term liming experiment, SoilN (pH 6.8) and un-limed SoilA (pH 3.8). SoilA had severely delayed N2O reduction despite early transcription of nosZ (mainly clade I), encoding N2O reductase, by diverse denitrifiers. This shows that post-transcriptionally hampered maturation of the NosZ apo-protein at low pH is a generic phenomenon. Identification of transcript reads of several accessory genes in the nos cluster indicated that enzymes for NosZ maturation were present across a range of organisms, eliminating their absence as an explanation for the failure to produce a functional enzyme. nir transcript abundances (for NO2− reductase) in SoilA suggest that low NO2− concentrations in acidic soils, often ascribed to abiotic degradation, are primarily due to biological activity. The accumulation of NO2− in neutral soil was ascribed to high nar expression (nitrate reductase). The -omics results revealed dominance of nirK over nirS in both soils while qPCR showed the opposite, demonstrating that standard primer pairs only capture a fraction of the nirK pool. qnor encoding NO reductase was strongly expressed in SoilA, implying an important role in controlling NO. Production of HONO, for which some studies claim higher, others lower, emissions from NO2− accumulating soil, was estimated to be ten times higher from SoilA than from SoilN. The study extends our understanding of denitrification-driven gas emissions and the diversity of bacteria involved and demonstrates that gene and transcript quantifications cannot always reliably predict community phenotypes.
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102
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Xu J, Li C, Zhu N, Shen Y, Yuan H. Alleviating the nitrite stress on anaerobic ammonium oxidation by pyrolytic biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145800. [PMID: 33610985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The nitrite (NO2-) inhibition in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is widely reported. Here, the effects of three pyrolytic biochars (CS300, CS550 and CS800) were investigated to alleviate NO2- stress on anammox process under exposure of varied NO2--N concentrations (70, 200, 400 and 600 mg L-1). No nitrite inhibition was observed at 70 mg N L-1. However, the total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNREs) decreased with NO2--N concentration increased, while the biochar-amended groups achieved higher TNREs than the control (CK). At 200 mg N L-1, the TNREs were 60.2%, 99.0%, 98.5% and 86.6% for CK, CS300, CS550 and CS800, respectively. At 400 mg N L-1, the TNREs were 23.3%, 56.0%, 37.1% and 29.7% for CK, CS300, CS550 and CS800, respectively. At 600 mg N L-1 in which severe inhibition was observed, the TNREs were increased by 231% (p = 0.002), 149% (p = 0.014), and 51.0% (p = 0.166) for CS300, CS550 and CS800, respectively, as compared to CK, with the corresponding specific anammox activity increased by 3.1-, 2,0- and 1.1-folds, respectively. CS300 enriched the relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia and increased the gene copies of functional genes (hzsA, hdh, nirS and nirK). Besides, CS300 effectively alleviated the suppression of three membrane-associated enzyme complexes for anammox electron transport chain, indicating the possible contribution of redox-active moieties of CS300 to energy conversion metabolism for mitigating the NO2--N inhibition. This study provided an effective strategy for alleviating NO2--N stress by applying an environmentally compatible material (biochar) on anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao Li
- Hunan BISEN Environmental & Energy Co. Ltd., Changsha 410100, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanwen Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Hunan BISEN Environmental & Energy Co. Ltd., Changsha 410100, China.
| | - Haiping Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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103
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Yin X, Rahaman MH, Liu W, Mąkinia J, Zhai J. Comparison of nitrogen and VFA removal pathways in autotrophic and organotrophic anammox reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111065. [PMID: 33831412 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organotrophic anammox is a promising process for treating both nitrogen and organic containing wastewater than that of the traditional autotrophic anammox for sole nitrogen removal. However pathways of nitrogen removal particularly at metagenomic level in both processes are still unknown. Here we report, metabolic pathways of nitrogen removal in two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBR), one autotrophic and another organotrophic (TOC/TN = 0.1) anammox bacteria incubated over 220 days. Both reactors showed satisfactory nitrogen removal with 840.31 mg N/L.d and 786.81 mg N/L.d for autotrophic and organotrophic anammox reactors respectively. Four anammox species namely Candidatus B. fulgida, B. sinica, J. caeni and Candidatus K. stuttgartiensis were identified in both reactors. The Candidatus K. stuttgartiensis (4%) was dominant in autotrophic reactor whereas Candidatus J. caeni (10%) in the organotrophic reactor. The supply of organic promoted the growth of anammox bacteria more than three times higher than that of the autotrophic anammox reactor. The functional genes related to the DNRA pathway was obtained in all anammox species except for Candidatus K. stuttgartiensis. The co-existence of other DNRA (Armatimonadetes and Thauera) and partial denitrifying bacteria (Chloroflexi) was also found in both reactors. Moreover, functional genes related to acetate metabolism by acetyl-CoA way were obtained in all anammox bacteria except Candidatus B. fulgida which showed alternative ackA/Pac-t pathways in organic anammox reactor. Overall current results suggest that the anammox, DNRA and partial denitrification were the key nitrogen transformation pathways, particularly in organotrophic anammox reactor. Our findings will improve understanding of the practical application of organotrophic anammox for wider wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Yin
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Md Hasibur Rahaman
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing, 400045, China; Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jacek Mąkinia
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jun Zhai
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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104
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Su JX, Chen SL. A Key Piece in the Global N-Cycle: The N–N Bond Formation Presented by Heme-Dependent Hydrazine Synthase. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shi-Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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105
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Yang Z, Zhou Q, Sun H, Jia L, Zhao L, Wu W. Metagenomic analyses of microbial structure and metabolic pathway in solid-phase denitrification systems for advanced nitrogen removal of wastewater treatment plant effluent: A pilot-scale study. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 196:117067. [PMID: 33773452 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pilot-scale solid-phase denitrification systems supporting with poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and PHBV-sawdust were constructed for advanced nitrogen removal from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluent, and the impacts of biomass blended carbon source on microbial community structure, functions and metabolic pathways were analyzed by metagenomic sequencing. PHBV-sawdust system achieved the optimal denitrification performance with higher NO3--N removal efficiency (96.58%), less DOC release (9.00 ± 4.16 mg L - 1) and NH4+-N accumulation (0.37 ± 0.32 mg L - 1) than PHBV system. Metagenomic analyses verified the significant differences in the structure of microbial community between systems and the presence of four anaerobic anammox bacteria. Compared with PHBV, the utilization of PHBV-sawdust declined the relative abundance of genes encoding enzymes for NH4+-N generation and increased the relative abundance of genes encoding enzymes involved in anammox, which contributed to the reduction of NH4+-N in effluent. What's more, the encoding gene for electrons generation in glycolysis metabolism obtained higher relative abundance in PHBV-sawdust system. A variety of lignocellulase encoding genes were significantly enriched in PHBV-sawdust system, which guaranteed the stable carbon supply and continuous operation of system. The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical basis and data support for the promotion of solid-phase denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchen Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road, Tai'an City, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Haimeng Sun
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Lixia Jia
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Liu Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Weizhong Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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106
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Okabe S, Shafdar AA, Kobayashi K, Zhang L, Oshiki M. Glycogen metabolism of the anammox bacterium "Candidatus Brocadia sinica". THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:1287-1301. [PMID: 33288860 PMCID: PMC8115630 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Presence of glycogen granules in anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria has been reported so far. However, very little is known about their glycogen metabolism and the exact roles. Here, we studied the glycogen metabolism in "Ca. Brocadia sinica" growing in continuous retentostat cultures with bicarbonate as a carbon source. The effect of the culture growth phase was investigated. During the growing phase, intracellular glycogen content increased up to 32.6 mg-glucose (g-biomass dry wt)-1 while the specific growth rate and ATP/ADP ratio decreased. The accumulated glycogen begun to decrease at the onset of entering the near-zero growth phase and was consumed rapidly when substrates were depleted. This clearly indicates that glycogen was synthesized and utilized as an energy storage. The proteomic analysis revealed that "Ca. B. sinica" synthesized glycogen via three known glycogen biosynthesis pathways and simultaneously degraded during the progress of active anammox, implying that glycogen is being continuously recycled. When cells were starved, a part of stored glycogen was converted to trehalose, a potential stress protectant. This suggests that glycogen serves at least as a primary carbon source of trehalose synthesis for survival. This study provides the first physiological evidence of glycogen metabolism in anammox bacteria and its significance in survival under natural substrate-limited habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Amrini Amalia Shafdar
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kanae Kobayashi
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Mamoru Oshiki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
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107
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Nitrogen isotope effects can be used to diagnose N transformations in wastewater anammox systems. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7850. [PMID: 33846510 PMCID: PMC8041819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) plays an important role in aquatic systems as a sink of bioavailable nitrogen (N), and in engineered processes by removing ammonium from wastewater. The isotope effects anammox imparts in the N isotope signatures (15N/14N) of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate can be used to estimate its role in environmental settings, to describe physiological and ecological variations in the anammox process, and possibly to optimize anammox-based wastewater treatment. We measured the stable N-isotope composition of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate in wastewater cultivations of anammox bacteria. We find that the N isotope enrichment factor 15ε for the reduction of nitrite to N2 is consistent across all experimental conditions (13.5‰ ± 3.7‰), suggesting it reflects the composition of the anammox bacteria community. Values of 15ε for the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate (inverse isotope effect, - 16 to - 43‰) and for the reduction of ammonium to N2 (normal isotope effect, 19-32‰) are more variable, and likely controlled by experimental conditions. We argue that the variations in the isotope effects can be tied to the metabolism and physiology of anammox bacteria, and that the broad range of isotope effects observed for anammox introduces complications for analyzing N-isotope mass balances in natural systems.
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108
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Nichols RJ, LaFrance B, Phillips NR, Radford DR, Oltrogge LM, Valentin-Alvarado LE, Bischoff AJ, Nogales E, Savage DF. Discovery and characterization of a novel family of prokaryotic nanocompartments involved in sulfur metabolism. eLife 2021; 10:e59288. [PMID: 33821786 PMCID: PMC8049743 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prokaryotic nanocompartments, also known as encapsulins, are a recently discovered proteinaceous organelle-like compartment in prokaryotes that compartmentalize cargo enzymes. While initial studies have begun to elucidate the structure and physiological roles of encapsulins, bioinformatic evidence suggests that a great diversity of encapsulin nanocompartments remains unexplored. Here, we describe a novel encapsulin in the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. This nanocompartment is upregulated upon sulfate starvation and encapsulates a cysteine desulfurase enzyme via an N-terminal targeting sequence. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we have determined the structure of the nanocompartment complex to 2.2 Å resolution. Lastly, biochemical characterization of the complex demonstrated that the activity of the cysteine desulfurase is enhanced upon encapsulation. Taken together, our discovery, structural analysis, and enzymatic characterization of this prokaryotic nanocompartment provide a foundation for future studies seeking to understand the physiological role of this encapsulin in various bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Nichols
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Benjamin LaFrance
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Naiya R Phillips
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Devon R Radford
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Luke M Oltrogge
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Luis E Valentin-Alvarado
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Amanda J Bischoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Eva Nogales
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bio-Imaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
| | - David F Savage
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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109
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Akram M, Dietl A, Müller M, Barends TRM. Purification of the key enzyme complexes of the anammox pathway from DEMON sludge. Biopolymers 2021; 112:e23428. [PMID: 33798263 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ("anammox") is a bacterial process in which nitrite and ammonium are converted into nitrogen gas and water, yielding energy for the cell. Anammox is an important branch of the global biological nitrogen cycle, being responsible for up to 50% of the yearly nitrogen removal from the oceans. Strikingly, the anammox process uniquely relies on the extremely reactive and toxic compound hydrazine as a free intermediate. Given its global importance and biochemical novelty, there is considerable interest in the enzymes at the heart of the anammox pathway. Unfortunately, obtaining these enzymes in sufficiently large amounts for biochemical and structural studies is problematic, given the slow growth of pure cultures of anammox bacteria when high cell densities are required. However, the anammox process is being applied in wastewater treatment to remove nitrogenous waste in processes like DEamMONification (DEMON). In plants using such processes, which rely on a combination of aerobic ammonia-oxidizers and anammox organisms, kilogram amounts of anammox bacteria-containing sludge are readily available. Here, we report a protein isolation protocol starting from anammox cells present in DEMON sludge from a wastewater treatment plan that readily yields pure preparations of key anammox proteins in the tens of milligrams, including hydrazine synthase HZS and hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH), as well as hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO). HDH and HAO were active and of sufficient quality for biochemical studies and for HAO, the crystal structure could be determined. The method presented here provides a viable way to obtain materials for the study of proteins not only from the central anammox metabolism but also for the study of other exciting aspects of anammox bacteria, such as for example, their unusual ladderane lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Akram
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietl
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Müller
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas R M Barends
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
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110
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Short- and long-term effects of copper on anammox under gradually increased copper concentrations. Biodegradation 2021; 32:273-286. [PMID: 33745118 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine both short- and long-term response of enriched anammox culture to Cu. Assessment of short-term inhibition is based both on total applied Cu concentration and potential bioavailable fractions like intracellular, surface-bound, soluble and free Cu ion. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for total applied, soluble, intracellular and cell-associated concentrations were determined as 4.57 mg/L, 1.97 mg/L, 0.71 mg/L, 1.11 mg/L, respectively. Correlation between the surface-bound fraction of Cu and inhibition response was weak, suggesting that Cu sorbed to biomass was not directly responsible for the effects on anammox activity. There was a disparity between the results of short- and long-term experiments in terms of inhibition threshold concentration (i.e. short-term IC50 = 4.57 mg/L vs long-term IC50 = 6.74 mg/L). Candidatus Kuenenia (59.8%) and Candidatus Brocadia (40.2%) were the two main anammox genera within the initial biomass sample. One of the most interesting finding of the study is the demonstration that a complete wash-out of C. Brocadia genus at an applied Cu concentration of 6.5 mg/L. This strongly indicates that C. Brocadia were not able to tolerate high copper concentrations and all nitrogen conversion was carried out by C. Kuenenia during the Cu exposure period.
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111
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Xiao R, Ni BJ, Liu S, Lu H. Impacts of organics on the microbial ecology of wastewater anammox processes: Recent advances and meta-analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 191:116817. [PMID: 33461083 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) represents a promising technology for wastewater nitrogen removal. Organics management is critical to achieving efficient and stable performance of anammox or integrated processes, e.g., denitratation-anammox. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the multifaceted impacts of organics on wastewater anammox community structure and function. Both exogenous and endogenous organics are discussed with respect to their effects on the biofilm/granule structure and function, as well as the interactions between anammox bacteria (AnAOB) and a broad range of coexisting functional groups. A global core community consisting of 19 taxa is identified and a co-occurrence network is constructed by meta-analysis on the 16S rDNA sequences of 149 wastewater anammox samples. Correlations between core taxa, keystone taxa, and environmental factors, including COD, nitrogen loading rate (NLR) and C/N ratio are obtained. This review provides a holistic understanding of the microbial responses to different origins and types of organics in wastewater anammox reactors, which will facilitate the design and operation of more efficient anammox-based wastewater nitrogen removal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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112
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Ferousi C, Schmitz RA, Maalcke WJ, Lindhoud S, Versantvoort W, Jetten MSM, Reimann J, Kartal B. Characterization of a nitrite-reducing octaheme hydroxylamine oxidoreductase that lacks the tyrosine cross-link. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100476. [PMID: 33652023 PMCID: PMC8042395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) family consists of octaheme proteins that harbor seven bis-His ligated electron-transferring hemes and one 5-coordinate catalytic heme with His axial ligation. Oxidative HAOs have a homotrimeric configuration with the monomers covalently attached to each other via a unique double cross-link between a Tyr residue and the catalytic heme moiety of an adjacent subunit. This cross-linked active site heme, termed the P460 cofactor, has been hypothesized to modulate enzyme reactivity toward oxidative catalysis. Conversely, the absence of this cross-link is predicted to favor reductive catalysis. However, this prediction has not been directly tested. In this study, an HAO homolog that lacks the heme-Tyr cross-link (HAOr) was purified to homogeneity from the nitrite-dependent anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis, and its catalytic and spectroscopic properties were assessed. We show that HAOr reduced nitrite to nitric oxide and also reduced nitric oxide and hydroxylamine as nonphysiological substrates. In contrast, HAOr was not able to oxidize hydroxylamine or hydrazine supporting the notion that cross-link-deficient HAO enzymes are reductases. Compared with oxidative HAOs, we found that HAOr harbors an active site heme with a higher (at least 80 mV) midpoint potential and a much lower degree of porphyrin ruffling. Based on the physiology of anammox bacteria and our results, we propose that HAOr reduces nitrite to nitric oxide in vivo, providing anammox bacteria with NO, which they use to activate ammonium in the absence of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ferousi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A Schmitz
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J Maalcke
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Lindhoud
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Versantvoort
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Reimann
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Boran Kartal
- Microbial Physiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
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113
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Su Q, Schittich AR, Jensen MM, Ng H, Smets BF. Role of Ammonia Oxidation in Organic Micropollutant Transformation during Wastewater Treatment: Insights from Molecular, Cellular, and Community Level Observations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2173-2188. [PMID: 33543927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants (OMPs) are a threat to aquatic environments, and wastewater treatment plants may act as a source or a barrier of OMPs entering the environment. Understanding the fate of OMPs in wastewater treatment processes is needed to establish efficient OMP removal strategies. Enhanced OMP biotransformation has been documented during biological nitrogen removal and has been attributed to the cometabolic activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and, specifically, to the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) enzyme. Yet, the exact mechanisms of OMP biotransformation are often unknown. This critical review aims to fundamentally and quantitatively evaluate the role of ammonia oxidation in OMP biotransformation during wastewater treatment processes. OMPs can be transformed by AOB via direct and indirect enzymatic reactions: AMO directly transforms OMPs primarily via hydroxylation, while biologically produced reactive nitrogen species (hydroxylamine (NH2OH), nitrite (NO2-), and nitric oxide (NO)) can chemically transform OMPs through nitration, hydroxylation, and deamination and can contribute significantly to the observed OMP transformations. OMPs containing alkyl, aliphatic hydroxyl, ether, and sulfide functional groups as well as substituted aromatic rings and aromatic primary amines can be biotransformed by AMO, while OMPs containing alkyl groups, phenols, secondary amines, and aromatic primary amines can undergo abiotic transformations mediated by reactive nitrogen species. Higher OMP biotransformation efficiencies and rates are obtained in AOB-dominant microbial communities, especially in autotrophic reactors performing nitrification or nitritation, than in non-AOB-dominant microbial communities. The biotransformations of OMPs in wastewater treatment systems can often be linked to ammonium (NH4+) removal following two central lines of evidence: (i) Similar transformation products (i.e., hydroxylated, nitrated, and desaminated TPs) are detected in wastewater treatment systems as in AOB pure cultures. (ii) Consistency in OMP biotransformation (rbio, μmol/g VSS/d) to NH4+ removal (rNH4+, mol/g VSS/d) rate ratios (rbio/rNH4+) is observed for individual OMPs across different systems with similar rNH4+ and AOB abundances. In this review, we conclude that AOB are the main drivers of OMP biotransformation during wastewater treatment processes. The importance of biologically driven abiotic OMP transformation is quantitatively assessed, and functional groups susceptible to transformations by AMO and reactive nitrogen species are systematically classified. This critical review will improve the prediction of OMP transformation and facilitate the design of efficient OMP removal strategies during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxian Su
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna-Ricarda Schittich
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marlene Mark Jensen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Howyong Ng
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
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Abiriga D, Vestgarden LS, Klempe H. Long-term redox conditions in a landfill-leachate-contaminated groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:143725. [PMID: 33223166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indicators of redox conditions; oxygen, sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, iron and manganese, and in addition, bicarbonate and total organic carbon were studied in groundwater samples contaminated by leachate emanating from Revdalen Landfill (Norway). Based on these variables, the study aimed to deduce the redox conditions in the aquifer. Literature on landfill leachate contamination of confined aquifers is scarce and to the best of our knowledge, this study, which describes long-term analysis of redox chemistry, is the first of its kind in such an environment. Groundwater samples were monitored for a period of 24 years, enabling us to describe redox conditions on both short-term and long-term bases. Levels of measured parameters in the contaminated aquifer varied spatially and with time, but were generally elevated except oxygen; pH (4.9-8.8), oxygen (0-11.3 mg/L), sulphate (0-28 mg/L), nitrate (0-16 mg N/L), ammonium (0.02-40 mg/L), iron (0-99 mg/L), manganese (0.06-16 mg/L), bicarbonate (22-616 mg/L) and total organic carbon (1.3-47 mg/L). From the result, levels of iron, manganese, nitrate and ammonium violated the Norwegian drinking water norms. However, iron, ammonium, total organic carbon and bicarbonate showed strong attenuation along the groundwater flow path. By contrast, oxygen, nitrate and sulphate increased farther out in the plume. The redox conditions that developed in the aquifer were similar to those previously reported for phreatic aquifers, structuring by proximity to the landfill as sulphate-reducing, iron-reducing, manganese-reducing, nitrate-reducing, and finally aerobic condition. Eventually, there was an apparent breakdown of this system due to ecosystem shift in the landfill when leachable reduced ions were depleted and the landfill became aerobic. Overall, the redox framework provided remarkable attenuation to contaminants, and thus prevented potential degradation of ecological health due to the landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abiriga
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway.
| | - Live S Vestgarden
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway.
| | - Harald Klempe
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway.
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Zhang X, Wang C, Wu P, Xia Y, Chen Y, Liu W, Xu L, Faustin F. A novel denitrifying phosphorus removal and partial nitrification, anammox (DPR-PNA) process for advanced nutrients removal from high-strength wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129165. [PMID: 33302198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a novel DPR-PNA (denitrifying phosphorus removal, partial nitrification and anammox) process for sustaining high-strength wastewater treatment in a modified continuous flow reactor without external carbon source. After 259-days operation, a synchronous highly-efficient total inorganic nitrogen, PO43--P and CODcr removal efficiencies of 88.5%, 89.5% and 90.1% were obtained, respectively even influent nitrogen loading rate up to 3.2 kg m-3 d-1. Batch tests revealed that denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) using NO3--N as electron acceptors significantly enriched (74% in total PAOs), which emerged remarkable positive impacts on deep-level nutrient removal as the key limiting factor. Furthermore, the NO2--N inhibitory threshold value (∼20.0 mg L-1) for DPAOs was identified, which demonstrated as an inhibitory component in excessive recycling NOx--N. From the molecular biology perspective, Dechloromonas-DPAOs group (18.59%) dominated the excellent dephosphatation performance, while Nitrosomonas-AOB (ammonia oxidizing bacteria) group (16.26%) and Candidatus_Brocadia-AnAOB (anammox bacteria) group (15.12%) were responsible for the desirable nitrogen loss process. Overall, the present work highlighted the novel DPR-PNA process for nutrients removal is a promising alternation for wastewater of high nitrogen but low carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Chaochao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Yunkang Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Ya Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Wenru Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Lezhong Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Fangnigbe Faustin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
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116
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Start-Up of Anammox SBR from Non-Specific Inoculum and Process Acceleration Methods by Hydrazine. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biological nutrient removal from wastewater to reach acceptable levels is needed to protect water resources and avoid eutrophication. The start-up of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from scratch was investigated in a 20 L sequence batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic sludge at 30 ± 0.5 °C with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2–3 days. The use of NH4Cl, NaNO2, and reject water as nitrogen sources created different salinity periods, in which the anammox process performance was assessed: low (<0.2 g of Cl−/L), high (18.2 g of Cl−/L), or optimum salinity (0.5–2 g of Cl−/L). Reject water feeding gave the optimum salinity, with an average nitrogen removal efficiency of 80%, and a TNRR of 0.08 kg N/m3/d being achieved after 193 days. The main aim was to show the effect of a hydrazine addition on the specific anammox activity (SAA) and denitrification activity in the start-up process to boost the autotrophic nitrogen removal from scratch. The effect of the anammox intermediate hydrazine addition was tested to assess its concentration effect (range of 2–12.5 mg of N2H4/L) on diminishing denitrifier activity and accelerating anammox activity at the same time. Heterotrophic denitrifiers’ activity was diminished by all hydrazine additions compared to the control; 5 mg of N2H4/L added enhanced SAA compared to the control, achieving an SAA of 0.72 (±0.01) mg N/g MLSS/h, while the test with 7.5 mg of N2H4/L reached the highest overall SAA of 0.98 (±0.09) mg N g/MLSS/h. The addition of trace amounts of hydrazine for 6 h was also able to enhance SAA after inhibition by organic carbon source sodium acetate addition at a high C/N ratio of 10/1. The start-up of anammox bacteria from the aerobic–anaerobic suspended biomass was successful, with hydrazine significantly accelerating anammox activity and decreasing denitrifier activity, making the method applicable for side-stream as well as mainstream treatment.
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117
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Cometabolism of the Superphylum Patescibacteria with Anammox Bacteria in a Long-Term Freshwater Anammox Column Reactor. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has attracted attention regarding its application in ammonia wastewater treatment based on its efficiency, the physiological characteristics of anammox bacteria remain unclear because of the lack of pure-culture representatives. The coexistence of heterotrophic bacteria has often been observed in anammox reactors, even in those fed with synthetic inorganic nutrient medium. In this study, we recovered 37 draft genome bins from a long-term-operated anammox column reactor and predicted the metabolic pathway of coexisting bacteria, especially Patescibacteria (also known as Candidate phyla radiation). Genes related to the nitrogen cycle were not detected in Patescibacterial bins, whereas nitrite, nitrate, and nitrous oxide-related genes were identified in most of the other bacteria. The pathway predicted for Patescibacteria suggests the lack of nitrogen marker genes and its ability to utilize poly-N-acetylglucosamine produced by dominant anammox bacteria. Coexisting Patescibacteria may play an ecological role in providing lactate and formate to other coexisting bacteria, supporting growth in the anammox reactor. Patescibacteria-centric coexisting bacteria, which produce anammox substrates and scavenge organic compounds produced within the anammox reactor, might be essential for the anammox ecosystem.
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118
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Abstract
The ladderane family of natural products are well known for their linearly concatenated cyclobutane skeletal structure. Owing to their unique carbocyclic framework, several chemical syntheses have been reported since their discovery in 2002. The focus of this review is to showcase the novel tactics that have been used to generate the ladderane core and the challenges that are associated with the synthesis of these unusual and complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Hancock
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA
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119
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Kosgey K, Chandran K, Gokal J, Kiambi SL, Bux F, Kumari S. Critical Analysis of Biomass Retention Strategies in Mainstream and Sidestream ANAMMOX-Mediated Nitrogen Removal Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9-24. [PMID: 33350826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ANAMMOX (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) represents an energy-efficient process for biological nitrogen removal, particularly from wastewater streams with low chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen (C/N) ratios. Its widespread application, however, is still hampered by a lack of access to biomass-enriched with ANAMMOX bacteria (AMX), slow growth rates of AMX, and their sensitivity to inhibition. Although the coupling of ANAMMOX processes with partial nitrification is already widespread, especially for sidestream treatment, maintaining a functional population density of AMX remains a challenge in these systems. Therefore, strategies that maximize retention of AMX-rich biomass are essential to promote process stability. This paper reviews existing methods of biomass retention in ANAMMOX-mediated systems, focusing on (i) granulation; (ii) biofilm formation on carrier materials; (iii) gel entrapment; and (iv) membrane technology in mainstream and sidestream systems. In addition, the microbial ecology of different ANAMMOX-mediated systems is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiprotich Kosgey
- Durban University of Technology, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban, South Africa
- Durban University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Columbia University, Earth and Environmental Engineering, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jashan Gokal
- Durban University of Technology, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sammy Lewis Kiambi
- Durban University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Durban University of Technology, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Durban University of Technology, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban, South Africa
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120
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Niederdorfer R, Hausherr D, Palomo A, Wei J, Magyar P, Smets BF, Joss A, Bürgmann H. Temperature modulates stress response in mainstream anammox reactors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:23. [PMID: 33398049 PMCID: PMC7782526 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotrophic nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria is an energy-efficient nitrogen removal process in wastewater treatment. However, full-scale deployment under mainstream conditions remains challenging for practitioners due to the high stress susceptibility of anammox bacteria towards fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature. Here, we investigated the response of microbial biofilms with verified anammox activity to DO shocks under 20 °C and 14 °C. While pulse disturbances of 0.3 mg L-1 DO prompted only moderate declines in the NH4+ removal rates, 1.0 mg L-1 DO led to complete but reversible inhibition of the NH4+ removal activity in all reactors. Genome-centric metagenomics and metatranscriptomics were used to investigate the stress response on various biological levels. We show that temperature regime and strength of DO perturbations induced divergent responses from the process level down to the transcriptional profile of individual taxa. Community-wide gene expression differed significantly depending on the temperature regime in all reactors, and we found a noticeable impact of DO disturbances on genes involved in transcription, translation, replication and posttranslational modification at 20 °C but not 14 °C. Genome-centric analysis revealed that different anammox species and other key biofilm taxa differed in their transcriptional responses to distinct temperature regimes and DO disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Niederdorfer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
| | - Damian Hausherr
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Process Engineering, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Palomo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jing Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Paul Magyar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Adriano Joss
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Process Engineering, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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121
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Zhang T, Yin Q, Shi Y, Wu G. Microbial physiology and interactions in anammox systems with the intermittent addition of organic carbons. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124226. [PMID: 33049442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic carbon can affect nitrogen removal in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process. Two continuous up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were operated under autotrophic (UASBN, without organic carbon) and mixotrophic (UASBCN, with the intermittent addition of acetate and propionate) conditions. Stable operation of anammox systems was achieved, with the nitrogen removal rate and percentage of 2.12 g/(L·d) and 86.4% in UASBN, and 2.09 g/(L·d) and 85.0% in UASBCN, respectively. The network of Candidatus Kuenenia, Thauera, and Nitrosomanas contributed to both nitrogen and carbon metabolisms, and the intermittent addition of acetate and propionate strengthened Ca. Kuenenia's ability to utilize several types of carbon sources. Anammox bacteria showed activity in the presence of organic carbon and without inorganic carbon, confirming the mixotrophic characteristic of Ca. Kuenenia. Cross-feeding of amino acids and vitamins existed among functional microorganisms, with extracellular polymeric substances acting as the media for microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qidong Yin
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunhong Shi
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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122
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Structural and functional characterization of the intracellular filament-forming nitrite oxidoreductase multiprotein complex. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1129-1139. [PMID: 34267357 PMCID: PMC8387239 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is an abundant nutrient and electron acceptor throughout Earth's biosphere. Virtually all nitrate in nature is produced by the oxidation of nitrite by the nitrite oxidoreductase (NXR) multiprotein complex. NXR is a crucial enzyme in the global biological nitrogen cycle, and is found in nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (including comammox organisms), which generate the bulk of the nitrate in the environment, and in anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria which produce half of the dinitrogen gas in our atmosphere. However, despite its central role in biology and decades of intense study, no structural information on NXR is available. Here, we present a structural and biochemical analysis of the NXR from the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis, integrating X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron tomography, helical reconstruction cryo-electron microscopy, interaction and reconstitution studies and enzyme kinetics. We find that NXR catalyses both nitrite oxidation and nitrate reduction, and show that in the cell, NXR is arranged in tubules several hundred nanometres long. We reveal the tubule architecture and show that tubule formation is induced by a previously unidentified, haem-containing subunit, NXR-T. The results also reveal unexpected features in the active site of the enzyme, an unusual cofactor coordination in the protein's electron transport chain, and elucidate the electron transfer pathways within the complex.
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123
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Ding C, Adrian L. Comparative genomics in "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" reveal high genomic plasticity in the overall genome structure, CRISPR loci and surface proteins. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:851. [PMID: 33261555 PMCID: PMC7709395 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (anammox bacteria) are contributing significantly to the nitrogen cycle and are successfully used in wastewater treatment. Due to the lack of complete genomes in the databases, little is known about the stability and variability of their genomes and how the genomes evolve in response to changing environments. Results Here we report the complete genome of the anammox bacterium “Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis” strain CSTR1 which was enriched planktonically in a semi-continuous stirred-tank reactor. A comparison of the genome of strain CSTR1 with the genome of “Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis” MBR1 and the draft genome of KUST showed > 99% average nucleotide identity among all. Rearrangements of large genomic regions were observed, most of which were associated with transposase genes. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that strain MBR1 is more distantly related to the other two strains. Proteomic analysis of actively growing cells of strain CSTR1 (growth rate ~ 0.33 d− 1) failed to detect the annotated cytochrome cd1-type nitrite reductase (NirS) although in total 1189 proteins were found in the proteome. Yet, this NirS was expressed when strain CSTR1 was under stress or starvation (growth rate < 0.06 d− 1). We also observed large sequence shifts in the strongly expressed S-layer protein compared to other “Ca. Kuenenia” strains, indicating the formation of hybrids of genes encoding the surface proteins. Conclusions “Ca. Kuenenia” strains appear to be relatively stable in their basic physiological traits, but show high variability in overall genome structure and surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ding
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355, Berlin, Germany
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124
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Salbreiter M, Waqqas M, Jogler M, Kallscheuer N, Wiegand S, Peeters SH, Heuer A, Jetten MSM, Boedeker C, Rast P, Rohde M, Jogler C. Three Planctomycetes isolated from biotic surfaces in the Mediterranean Sea and the Pacific Ocean constitute the novel species Symmachiella dynata gen. nov., sp. nov. and Symmachiella macrocystis sp. nov. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1965-1977. [PMID: 32833165 PMCID: PMC7716862 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Planctomycetes is a phylum of environmentally important bacteria, which also receive significant attention due to their fascinating cell biology. Access to axenic Planctomycete cultures is crucial to study cell biological features within this phylum in further detail. In this study, we characterise three novel strains, Mal52T, Pan258 and CA54T, which were isolated close to the coasts of the islands Mallorca (Spain) and Panarea (Italy), and from Monterey Bay, CA, USA. The three isolates show optimal growth at temperatures between 22 and 24 °C and at pH 7.5, divide by polar budding, lack pigmentation and form strong aggregates in liquid culture. Analysis of five phylogenetic markers suggests that the strains constitute two novel species within a novel genus in the family Planctomycetaceae. The strains Mal52T (DSM 101177T = VKM B-3432T) and Pan258 were assigned to the species Symmachiella dynata gen nov., sp. nov., while strain CA54T (DSM 104301T = VKM B-3450T) forms a separate species of the same genus, for which we propose the name Symmachiella macrocystis sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Salbreiter
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Muhammad Waqqas
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mareike Jogler
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Wiegand
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein- Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stijn H Peeters
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Heuer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Jogler
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Kaboré OD, Godreuil S, Drancourt M. Planctomycetes as Host-Associated Bacteria: A Perspective That Holds Promise for Their Future Isolations, by Mimicking Their Native Environmental Niches in Clinical Microbiology Laboratories. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:519301. [PMID: 33330115 PMCID: PMC7734314 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.519301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally recognized as environmental bacteria, Planctomycetes have just been linked recently to human pathology as opportunistic pathogens, arousing a great interest for clinical microbiologists. However, the lack of appropriate culture media limits our future investigations as no Planctomycetes have ever been isolated from patients' specimens despite several attempts. Several Planctomycetes have no cultivable members and are only recognized by 16S rRNA gene sequence detection and analysis. The cultured representatives are slow-growing fastidious bacteria and mostly difficult to culture on synthetic media. Accordingly, the provision of environmental and nutritional conditions like those existing in the natural habitat where yet uncultured/refractory bacteria can be detected might be an option for their potential isolation. Hence, we systematically reviewed the various natural habitats of Planctomycetes, to review their nutritional requirements, the physicochemical characteristics of their natural ecological niches, current methods of cultivation of the Planctomycetes and gaps, from a perspective of collecting data in order to optimize conditions and the protocols of cultivation of these fastidious bacteria. Planctomycetes are widespread in freshwater, seawater, and terrestrial environments, essentially associated to particles or organisms like macroalgae, marine sponges, and lichens, depending on the species and metabolizable polysaccharides by their sulfatases. Most Planctomycetes grow in nutrient-poor oligotrophic environments with pH ranging from 3.4 to 11, but a few strains can also grow in quite nutrient rich media like M600/M14. Also, a seasonality variation of abundance is observed, and bloom occurs in summer-early autumn, correlating with the strong growth of algae in the marine environments. Most Planctomycetes are mesophilic, but with a few Planctomycetes being thermophilic (50°C to 60°C). Commonly added nutrients are N-acetyl-glucosamine, yeast-extracts, peptone, and some oligo and macro-elements. A biphasic host-associated extract (macroalgae, sponge extract) conjugated with a diluted basal medium should provide favorable results for the success of isolation in pure culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilon D. Kaboré
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Université de Montpellier UMR 1058 UMR MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Ding C, Adrian L, Peng Y, He J. 16S rRNA gene-based primer pair showed high specificity and quantification accuracy in detecting freshwater Brocadiales anammox bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5714083. [PMID: 31967636 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are widely distributed and contribute significantly to the global nitrogen cycle. Traditionally, identification and quantification based on the 16S rRNA gene were considered not reliable because of low 16S rRNA gene sequence identity within Brocadiales. Here we hypothesize that by using appropriate primers and methodology, 16S-based detection and quantification of anammox bacteria can be accurate. We modified an existing 16S rRNA gene-based primer pair (Amx694F-Amx960R) by changing one nucleotide (Amx694F position 18, G→C) (Amx694PF-Amx960R) so that they match the sequences of most Brocadiales anammox bacteria, and evaluated the modified primer pair with 29 freshwater samples from microcosms, anammox reactors and wastewater treatment plants of various geographical origins. The primer pair showed high specificity in detection and quantification of anammox populations in samples that contained >0.1% anammox bacteria. Quantification of anammox abundance by quantitative real-time PCR and delineation of anammox species by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis agreed well with amplicon sequencing results. A clear shift of anammox population towards 'Candidatus Kuenenia' was observed under laboratory cultivation conditions. With the help of amplicon sequencing, we demonstrated that 16S rRNA gene-based anammox-specific primers are able to achieve qualitative and quantitative monitoring of anammox communities in wastewater treatment plants and natural freshwater environments.2007;73:5261-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ding
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany.,Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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127
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Yan Y, Wang W, Wu M, Jetten MSM, Guo J, Ma J, Wang H, Dai X, Wang Y. Transcriptomics Uncovers the Response of Anammox Bacteria to Dissolved Oxygen Inhibition and the Subsequent Recovery Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14674-14685. [PMID: 33147001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the recovery of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria after inhibition by dissolved oxygen (DO) is critical for the successful applications of anammox-based processes. Therefore, the effects of oxygen exposure (2 mg L-1 DO for 90 min) and subsequent recovery treatments [N2 purging or nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) addition] on the activity and gene expression in a Kuenenia stuttgartiensis enrichment culture were examined. Combining the self-organizing map clustering and enrichment analysis, we proposed the oxidative stress response of anammox bacteria based on the existing concepts of oxidative stress in microbes: the DO exposure triggered a stringent response in K. stuttgartiensis, which downregulated the transcription levels of genes involved in the central metabolism and diverted energy to a flagellar assembly and metal transport modules; these changes possibly promoted survival during the inhibition of anammox activity. According to the cotranscription with central catabolism genes, putative reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger genes (kat and sod) were presumed to detoxify the anammox intermediates rather than ROS. In addition, both activity and mRNA profiles with appropriate amount of nZVI addition (5 and 25 mg L-1) were close to that of control, which proved the effectiveness of nZVI addition in anammox recovery. These results would be relevant to the physio-biochemistry development of anammox bacteria and further enhancement of nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Mengxiong Wu
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Microbiology, IWWR, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, AJ Nijmegen 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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128
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Liu L, Wang Y, Che Y, Chen Y, Xia Y, Luo R, Cheng SH, Zheng C, Zhang T. High-quality bacterial genomes of a partial-nitritation/anammox system by an iterative hybrid assembly method. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:155. [PMID: 33158461 PMCID: PMC7648391 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-centric approaches are widely used to investigate microbial compositions, dynamics, ecology, and interactions within various environmental systems. Hundreds or even thousands of genomes could be retrieved in a single study contributed by the cost-effective short-read sequencing and developed assembly/binning pipelines. However, conventional binning methods usually yield highly fragmented draft genomes that limit our ability to comprehensively understand these microbial communities. Thus, to leverage advantage of both the long and short reads to retrieve more complete genomes from environmental samples is a must-do task to move this direction forward. RESULTS Here, we used an iterative hybrid assembly (IHA) approach to reconstruct 49 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including 27 high-quality (HQ) and high-contiguity (HC) genomes with contig number ≤ 5, eight of which were circular finished genomes from a partial-nitritation anammox (PNA) reactor. These 49 recovered MAGs (43 MAGs encoding full-length rRNA, average N50 of 2.2 Mbp), represented the majority (92.3%) of the bacterial community. Moreover, the workflow retrieved HQ and HC MAGs even with an extremely low coverage (relative abundance < 0.1%). Among them, 34 MAGs could not be assigned to the genus level, indicating the novelty of the genomes retrieved using the IHA method proposed in this study. Comparative analysis of HQ MAG pairs reconstructed using two methods, i.e., hybrid and short reads only, revealed that identical genes in the MAG pairs represented 87.5% and 95.5% of the total gene inventory of hybrid and short reads only assembled MAGs, respectively. In addition, the first finished anammox genome of the genus Ca. Brocadia reconstructed revealed that there were two identical hydrazine synthase (hzs) genes, providing the exact gene copy number of this crucial phylomarker of anammox at the genome level. CONCLUSIONS Our results showcased the high-quality and high-contiguity genome retrieval performance and demonstrated the feasibility of complete genome reconstruction using the IHA workflow from the enrichment system. These (near-) complete genomes provided a high resolution of the microbial community, which might help to understand the bacterial repertoire of anammox-associated systems. Combined with other validation experiments, the workflow can enable a detailed view of the anammox or other similar enrichment systems. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - You Che
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruibang Luo
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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129
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Wu G, Zhang T, Gu M, Chen Z, Yin Q. Review of characteristics of anammox bacteria and strategies for anammox start-up for sustainable wastewater resource management. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1742-1757. [PMID: 33201840 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater management has experienced different stages, including pollutant removal, resource recovery, and water nexus. Within these stages, anaerobic ammonia oxidation-based biotechnology can be incorporated for nitrogen removal, which can help achieve sustainable wastewater management, such as reclamation and ecologization of wastewater. Here, the physiology, metabolism, reaction kinetics and microbial interactions of anammox bacteria are discussed, and strategies to start-up the anammox system are presented. Anammox bacteria are slow growers with a high doubling time and a low reaction rate. Although most anammox bacteria grow autotrophically, some types can grow mixotrophically. The reaction stoichiometric coefficients can be affected by loading rates and other biological reactions. Microbial interactions also contribute to enhanced biological nitrogen removal and promote activities of anammox bacteria. The start-up of the anammox process is the key aspect for its practical application, which can be realized through seed selection, system stimulation, and biomass concentration enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxue Wu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China E-mail:
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China E-mail:
| | - Mengqi Gu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China E-mail:
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qidong Yin
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China E-mail:
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130
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Zhu Y, Cao L, Ni L, Wang Y. Insights into fouling behavior in a novel anammox self-forming dynamic membrane bioreactor by the fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40041-40053. [PMID: 32654034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fouling behavior of the novel anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) self-forming dynamic membrane bioreactor (SFDMBR) was elucidated, which is using nylon mesh as the filter with controlled fouling and successful anammox process. Properties of anammox sludge and foulants in the anammox SFDMBR and MBR (using PVDF microfiltration membrane) were compared to analyze the alleviated fouling in the SFDMBR, of which transmembrane pressure could be kept below 10 kPa for 50 days in one filtration cycle of 82 days with flux of 12 L m-2 h-1. Colorimetrical determination and excitation emission matrices-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis of the foulants showed that humic acid content in foulants on nylon mesh was obviously lower than that on PVDF membrane. Considering that the small-sized and flexible humic acids prefer to plug into membrane pores, the alleviated irreversible fouling in the SFDMBR could be attributed to the less microbial humic acid content of foulants (8.8 ± 1.0%) compared with the MBR (20.7 ± 2.9%). The adequate efflux of humic-like substances in the operation with nylon mesh was speculated to be the main mechanism of fouling control in the SFDMBR. These findings highlighted the potential of anammox SFDMBR in practical applications, because of the high humic acid contents in real ammonium-laden wastewater. Our study highlights the important role of humic acids in fouling behavior of the novel anammox SFDMBR to provide guidance for fouling control strategies. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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131
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Kumar G, Radha V, Jagadeeshwari U, Sasikala C, Venkata Ramana C. Bacterial communities of sponges from the wetland ecosystem of Little Rann of Kutch, India with particular reference to Planctomycetes. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:478. [PMID: 33094088 PMCID: PMC7568738 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Five sponge specimens belonging to the genera Spongilla and Ciocalypta were collected from Little Rann of Kutch (in Gujarat, India) and analysed for associated microbiomes. Critical analysis was done with respect to members of the phylum Planctomycetes, using two different strategies; 1. Culture-independent metagenomic approach and 2. culture-dependent anaerobic enrichment for anammox-planctomycetes. The 16S rRNA gene (V1-V3 region) amplicon metagenome analysis revealed significant divergence in bacterial diversity, including Planctomycetes among the sponges analysed. Community metagenomics revealed a total of 376 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to 41 different phyla. OTUs belonging to Proteobacteria was the most abundant (38%) among the sponge analysed. The KEGG annotation predicted a total of 6909 KEGG orthologs (KOs); most of the KOs are associated with membrane transport, xenobiotic degradation, production of secondary metabolites, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. In the culture-dependent study, FISH analysis confirmed the association of anammox-planctomycetes with sponges. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of two planctomycetes (JC545, JC543) were cladding with those of uncultured Phycisphaerae class. The other three putative anammox bacteria (JC541, JC542, JC544) formed a different clade with "Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans". These three putative bacteria believably represent new species/genus related to "Candidatus Brocadia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Vaddavalli Radha
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Uppadda Jagadeeshwari
- Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, J. N. T. University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500085 India
| | - Chintalapati Sasikala
- Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, J. N. T. University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500085 India
| | - Chintalapati Venkata Ramana
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, 500046 India
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132
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Autotrophic and mixotrophic metabolism of an anammox bacterium revealed by in vivo 13C and 2H metabolic network mapping. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:673-687. [PMID: 33082573 PMCID: PMC8027424 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00805-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria mediate a key step in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle and have been applied worldwide for the energy-efficient removal of nitrogen from wastewater. However, outside their core energy metabolism, little is known about the metabolic networks driving anammox bacterial anabolism and use of different carbon and energy substrates beyond genome-based predictions. Here, we experimentally resolved the central carbon metabolism of the anammox bacterium Candidatus ‘Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’ using time-series 13C and 2H isotope tracing, metabolomics, and isotopically nonstationary metabolic flux analysis. Our findings confirm predicted metabolic pathways used for CO2 fixation, central metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis in K. stuttgartiensis, and reveal several instances where genomic predictions are not supported by in vivo metabolic fluxes. This includes the use of the oxidative branch of an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle for alpha-ketoglutarate biosynthesis, despite the genome not having an annotated citrate synthase. We also demonstrate that K. stuttgartiensis is able to directly assimilate extracellular formate via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway instead of oxidizing it completely to CO2 followed by reassimilation. In contrast, our data suggest that K. stuttgartiensis is not capable of using acetate as a carbon or energy source in situ and that acetate oxidation occurred via the metabolic activity of a low-abundance microorganism in the bioreactor’s side population. Together, these findings provide a foundation for understanding the carbon metabolism of anammox bacteria at a systems-level and will inform future studies aimed at elucidating factors governing their function and niche differentiation in natural and engineered ecosystems.
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133
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Kang D, Li Y, Xu D, Li W, Li W, Ding A, Wang R, Zheng P. Deciphering correlation between chromaticity and activity of anammox sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116184. [PMID: 32726714 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The red color is the most striking character of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) which has been used to estimate the anammox activity roughly. However, the quantitative relationship between the color and activity of anammox sludge still remains unknown. In this study, the chromaticity, activity and their correlation were systematically investigated at different steady-state nitrogen loading rates. The chromaticity of anammox sludge was digitalized by the CIE L*a*b* color space. The results revealed that the average chroma value was found to be significantly correlated with specific anammox activity (r = 0.940, p < 0.01) and the cluster centers of chromaticity coordinates (a*, b*) of anammox sludge were established to define the typical working states of anammox system. The visible spectra of anammox sludge were proved to originate from the cytochrome c. The correlation between chroma and heme c concentration of anammox sludge was consistent with the fully-reduced cytochrome c and the chroma was determined by both content and redox ratio of cytochrome c. The chromaticity of anammox sludge was able to be linked with the anammox activity via reduced cytochrome c content. The gene abundance of cytochrome c synthetase linked the chromaticity with AnAOB quantity via total cytochrome c content, while the enzyme activity of octaheme hydrazine dehydrogenase linked the chromaticity with AnAOB activity via reduced cytochrome c ratio. Moreover, the redundancy analysis proved that heme c, as the key component of cytochrome c, was the most important explanatory variable accounting for the maximum 69.6% of the total variation of the anammox community, which correlated positively with the relative abundance of dominant AnAOB (Candidatus Kuenenia). This work aimed at demonstrating the chromaticity of anammox sludge could be developed as an alternative intuitive anammox activity indicator which will promote the monitoring and optimization of anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yiyu Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Wenji Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Aqiang Ding
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China.
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134
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Budhraja R, Karande S, Ding C, Ullrich MK, Wagner S, Reemtsma T, Adrian L. Characterization of membrane-bound metalloproteins in the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" strain CSTR1. Talanta 2020; 223:121711. [PMID: 33298257 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound metalloproteins are the basis of biological energy conservation via respiratory processes, however, their biochemical characterization is difficult. Here, we followed a gel-based proteomics and metallomics approach to identify membrane-associated metalloproteins in the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" strain CSTR1. Membrane-associated protein complexes were separated by two dimensional Blue Native/SDS gel electrophoresis and subunits were identified by mass spectrometry; protein-bound metal ions were quantified from the gel by connecting either a desolvating nebulizer system or laser ablation to inductively coupled plasma triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QqQ-MS). We identified most protein complexes predicted to be involved in anaerobic ammonium oxidation and carbon fixation. The ICP-QqQ-MS data showed the presence of Fe and Zn in a wide range of high molecular weight protein complexes (230-800 kDa). Mo was prominently found in gel slices with proteins of a size of 500-650 kDa, whereas Ni was only found using the desolvating nebulizer system in the protein range of 350-500 kDa. The detected protein complexes and their metal content were consistent with genome annotations. Gel-based metalloproteomics is a sensitive and reliable approach for the characterization of metalloproteins and could be used to characterize many multimeric metalloprotein complexes in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Budhraja
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany; Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shubhangi Karande
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chang Ding
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Environmental Biotechnology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria K Ullrich
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Environmental Biotechnology, Leipzig, Germany; Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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135
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Ahmad HA, Ni SQ, Ahmad S, Zhang J, Ali M, Ngo HH, Guo W, Tan Z, Wang Q. Gel immobilization: A strategy to improve the performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria for nitrogen-rich wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 313:123642. [PMID: 32536456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process appears a suitable substitute to nitrification-denitrification at a lower C/N ratios. Anammox is a chemolithoautotrophic process, belong to phylum Planctomycetes, and they are slow growing bacteria. Different strategies, e.g., biofilm formation, granulation and gel immobilization, have been applied to maintain a critical mass of bacterial cells in the system by avoiding washout from the bioreactor. Gel immobilization of anammox appears the best alternative to the natural process of biofilm formation and granulation. Polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate, polyethylene glycol, and waterborne polyurethane are the most reported materials used for the entrapment of anammox bacteria. However, dissolution of the gel beads refrains its application for long term bioprocess. Magnetic powder could coat on the surface of the beads which may increase the mechanical strength and durability of pellets. Application and problem of immobilization technology for the commercialization of this technology also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Adeel Ahmad
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zuwan Tan
- China Gezhouba Group Co., Ltd. & China Gezhouba Group Three Gorges Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Yichang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shandong Hongda Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
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136
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Seuntjens D, Carvajal Arroyo JM, Van Tendeloo M, Chatzigiannidou I, Molina J, Nop S, Boon N, Vlaeminck SE. Mainstream partial nitritation/anammox with integrated fixed-film activated sludge: Combined aeration and floc retention time control strategies limit nitrate production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123711. [PMID: 32622275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) can lead to more sustainable and cost-effective sewage treatment. For mainstream PN/A reactor, an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) was operated (26 °C). The effects of floccular aerobic sludge retention time (AerSRTfloc), a novel aeration strategy, and N-loading rate were tested to optimize the operational strategy. The best performance was observed with a low, but sufficient AerSRTfloc (~7d) and continuous aeration with two alternating dissolved oxygen setpoints: 10 min at 0.07-0.13 mg O2 L-1 and 5 min at 0.27-0.43 mg O2 L-1. Nitrogen removal rates were 122 ± 23 mg N L-1 d-1, and removal efficiencies 73 ± 13%. These conditions enabled flocs to act as nitrite sources while the carriers were nitrite sinks, with low abundance of nitrite oxidizing bacteria. The operational strategies in the source-sink framework can serve as a guideline for successful operation of mainstream PN/A reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Seuntjens
- CMET - Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jose M Carvajal Arroyo
- CMET - Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Tendeloo
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ioanna Chatzigiannidou
- CMET - Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Janet Molina
- CMET - Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Samnang Nop
- Imec, ELIS - IDLab, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- CMET - Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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137
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Liu X, Wu J, Hong Y, Li Y, Hu Y, Wang L, Wang Y, Long A. Wide distribution of anaerobic ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria in the water column of the South China Sea: Implications for their survival strategies. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Jiapeng Wu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Yiben Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Yaohao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Limei Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Aimin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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138
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Mazzoli L, Munz G, Lotti T, Ramazzotti M. A novel universal primer pair for prokaryotes with improved performances for anammox containing communities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15648. [PMID: 32973284 PMCID: PMC7515920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundance profiling via 16S rRNA targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) is a common procedure to characterize mixtures of prokaryotic populations inhabiting an environment. Depending on the variable region/s addressed, different maps can be obtained due to their different information content. In this work, we focussed on wastewater microbial communities and we compared several recently developed universal primers that addressed regions V1-V3, V3-V4 and V4. They all proved to have good performance over a wide range of microbial phyla, but the phylum Planctomycetes was not optimally covered, especially for members of the Brocadiales family. Such bacteria are at the basis of the novel nitrogen removal strategy based on anammox process. To overcome this limitation we performed an extensive bioinformatic analysis that allowed the design of a primer (Pro341FB) that shows increased sensitivity for this specific phylum with respect to the previously proposed Pro341F primer. Upon validation using a 16S NGS survey on microbial communities from different wastewater treatment plant (activated sludge systems, anaerobic digesters, aerobic and anaerobic granules) we demonstrated that Pro341FB is able to reveal up to 5 times more members of the Candidatus Brocadiales family (plus many other previously under-covered prokaryotes) than Pro341F, without affecting its excellent previous coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mazzoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Munz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lotti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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139
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Smeulders MJ, Peeters SH, van Alen T, de Bruijckere D, Nuijten GHL, op den Camp HJM, Jetten MSM, van Niftrik L. Nutrient Limitation Causes Differential Expression of Transport- and Metabolism Genes in the Compartmentalized Anammox Bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1959. [PMID: 32903544 PMCID: PMC7438415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria, members of the "Candidatus Brocadiaceae" family, play an important role in the nitrogen cycle and are estimated to be responsible for about half of the oceanic nitrogen loss to the atmosphere. Anammox bacteria combine ammonium with nitrite and produce dinitrogen gas via the intermediates nitric oxide and hydrazine (anammox reaction) while nitrate is formed as a by-product. These reactions take place in a specialized, membrane-enclosed compartment called the anammoxosome. Therefore, the substrates ammonium, nitrite and product nitrate have to cross the outer-, cytoplasmic-, and anammoxosome membranes to enter or exit the anammoxosome. The genomes of all anammox species harbor multiple copies of ammonium-, nitrite-, and nitrate transporter genes. Here we investigated how the distinct genes for ammonium-, nitrite-, and nitrate- transport were expressed during substrate limitation in membrane bioreactors. Transcriptome analysis of Kuenenia stuttgartiensis planktonic cells showed that four of the seven ammonium transporter homologs and two of the nine nitrite transporter homologs were significantly upregulated during ammonium-limited growth, while another ammonium transporter- and four nitrite transporter homologs were upregulated in nitrite limited growth conditions. The two nitrate transporters were expressed to similar levels in both conditions. In addition, genes encoding enzymes involved in the anammox reaction were differentially expressed, with those using nitrite as a substrate being upregulated under nitrite limited growth and those using ammonium as a substrate being upregulated during ammonium limitation. Taken together, these results give a first insight in the potential role of the multiple nutrient transporters in regulating transport of substrates and products in and out of the compartmentalized anammox cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura van Niftrik
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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140
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Ali M, Shaw DR, Albertsen M, Saikaly PE. Comparative Genome-Centric Analysis of Freshwater and Marine ANAMMOX Cultures Suggests Functional Redundancy in Nitrogen Removal Processes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1637. [PMID: 32733431 PMCID: PMC7358590 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of understanding of the interaction between anammox bacteria and the flanking microbial communities in both freshwater (non-saline) and marine (saline) ecosystems. Here, we present a comparative genome-based exploration of two different anammox bioreactors, through the analysis of 23 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), 12 from freshwater anammox reactor (FWR), and 11 from marine anammox reactor (MWR). To understand the contribution of individual members to community functions, we applied the index of replication (iRep) to determine bacteria that are actively replicating. Using genomic content and iRep information, we provided a potential ecological role for the dominant members of the community based on the reactor operating conditions. In the non-saline system, anammox (Candidatus Brocadia sinica) and auxotrophic neighboring bacteria belonging to the phyla Ignavibacteriae and Chloroflexi might interact to reduce nitrate to nitrite for direct use by anammox bacteria. Whereas, in the saline reactor, anammox bacterium (Ca. Scalindua erythraensis) and flanking community belonging to phyla Planctomycetes (different than anammox bacteria)—which persistently growing in the system—may catabolize detritus and extracellular material and recycle nitrate to nitrite for direct use by anammox bacteria. Despite different microbial communities, there was functional redundancy in both ecosystems. These results signify the potential application of marine anammox bacteria for treating saline N-rich wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dario Rangel Shaw
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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141
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Li Z, Peng Y, Gao H. A novel strategy for accelerating the recovery of a Fe(II)-inhibited anammox reactor by intermittent addition of betaine: Performance, kinetics and statistical analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126362. [PMID: 32151808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, Fe(II) inhibition of anammox and its recovery were investigated, and the performance, kinetics and statistical features were comprehensively studied simultaneously. Anammox was suppressed and completely inhibited by the addition of 109.29 and 378.57 mg/L Fe(II), respectively, via uncompetitive inhibition. Nitrite inhibition of anammox was best fitted by the Edwards model and Aiba model. EDTA-2Na wash (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mM) had a limited effect on anammox recovery, while the addition of 2.0 mM betaine accelerated anammox recovery. Prolonged betaine addition caused an unintended reduction of anammox activity, though it self-recovered after the withdrawal of betaine. The modified Boltzmann model most accurately simulated the processes of anammox recovery using the EDTA-2Na wash, betaine regulation and self-recovery, and the modified Stover-Kincannon model was able to assess the results of anammox recovery. The one-sample t-test was successfully applied to determine the effects of these three recovery strategies on inhibited anammox, which were short-term disinhibition or long-term recovery effects. The above-mentioned results demonstrate that an intermittent addition of betaine, which is a better alternative to frequently-used but poorly-degradable EDTA, may be a useful and environmentally friendly recovery strategy for Fe(II)-inhibited anammox reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Haijing Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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142
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Ferousi C, Majer SH, DiMucci IM, Lancaster KM. Biological and Bioinspired Inorganic N-N Bond-Forming Reactions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5252-5307. [PMID: 32108471 PMCID: PMC7339862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The metallobiochemistry underlying the formation of the inorganic N-N-bond-containing molecules nitrous oxide (N2O), dinitrogen (N2), and hydrazine (N2H4) is essential to the lifestyles of diverse organisms. Similar reactions hold promise as means to use N-based fuels as alternative carbon-free energy sources. This review discusses research efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying biological N-N bond formation in primary metabolism and how the associated reactions are tied to energy transduction and organismal survival. These efforts comprise studies of both natural and engineered metalloenzymes as well as synthetic model complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ferousi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sean H Majer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ida M DiMucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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143
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Hira D, Matsumura M, Kitamura R, Furukawa K, Fujii T. Unique hexameric structure of copper-containing nitrite reductase of an anammox bacterium KSU-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:654-660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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144
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Gu W, Wang L, Liu Y, Liang P, Zhang X, Li Y, Huang X. Anammox bacteria enrichment and denitrification in moving bed biofilm reactors packed with different buoyant carriers: Performances and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137277. [PMID: 32112948 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is recognized as the most cost-effective process for nitrogen removal from wastewater. In this study, effects of polyethylene plastics, nonwoven fabric, granular activated carbon (GAC) and polyurethane sponge as buoyant carriers were evaluated in lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs). The overall performance of MBBRs with four types of carriers from priority to inferiority was noticed as, GAC, nonwoven fabrics, polyurethane sponge and polyethylene plastics under the same packing ratio of 20 v% and an average carrier size of 4 × 4 × 4 mm. The hydrophobic surface of GAC could selectively adsorb hydrophobic protein and favor anammox bacteria attachment, which contributed to achieving a total nitrogen removal rate of 0.40 kg-N/(m3·d) in 60 days. In conclusion, our results provide compelling evidence for achieving effective anammox process in an MBBR with GAC carriers and would benefit towards accomplishing a stable partial nitritation-anammox process in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancong Gu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuyou Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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145
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Xing CY, Fan YC, Chen X, Guo JS, Shen Y, Yan P, Fang F, Chen YP. A self-assembled nanocompartment in anammox bacteria for resisting intracelluar hydroxylamine stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137030. [PMID: 32062250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anammox bacteria play an important role in the global nitrogen cycle, but research on anammoxosome structure is still in its initial stages. In particular, the anammox bacteria genome contains nanocompartments gene loci. However, the function and structure of the nanocompartments in anammox bacteria is poorly understood. We apply genetic engineering to demonstrate the self-assembled nanocompartments of anammox bacteria. The encapsulin shell protein (cEnc) and cargo protein hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) can self-assemble to form regular nanocompartments (about 128 nm in diameter) in vitro. Cell growth curve tests show that nanocompartments help model bacteria resist hydroxylamine (NH2OH) stress. Batch test results and transcriptional data show that cEnc and HAO are highly expressed in response to the negative effects of NH2OH on anammox efficiency, predicting a potential role of nanocompartments in helping anammox bacteria resist NH2OH stress. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which anammox bacteria respond to harmful environmental metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Chen Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yu Shen
- National Base of International Science and Technology Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - You-Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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146
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Ma X, Yan Y, Wang W, Guo J, Wang Y. Metatranscriptomic analysis of adaptive response of anammox bacteria Candidatus 'Kuenenia stuttgartiensis' to Zn(II) exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125682. [PMID: 31901527 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zn(II) is frequently detected in biological nitrogen removal systems treating high-strength wastewater (e.g., landfill leachate), yet the cellular defense strategies of anammox bacteria against Zn(II) cytotoxicity is largely unknown. To uncover survival mechanisms under Zn(II) stress, responses of enriched anammox bacteria Candidatus 'Kuenenia stuttgartiensis' under exposure of various levels of Zn (II) were investigated through metatranscriptomic sequencing. Although increasing Zn(II) levels (50, 100 and 150 mg/L) resulted in decreasing anammox activities (86.1 ± 0.8%, 66.1 ± 1.4% and 43.9 ± 1.5% of the control, respectively), the viable cells in anammox sludge remained stable. Candidatus 'K. stuttgartiensis' possesses a complex network of regulatory systems to confer cells with the ability against Zn(II) toxicity, including functions related to substrate degradation, Zn(II) efflux, chelation, DNA repair, protein degradation, protein synthesis and signal transduction processes. Particularly, in order to maintain Zn(II) homeostasis, Candidatus 'K. stuttgartiensis' upregulated genes encoding RND efflux family (czcA, czcB, czcC, kustd1923 and kuste2279) for exporting Zn(II) actively. These heavy metal exporting genes could act as "sentinel genes" to detect the initial stage of Zn(II) inhibition on anammox bacteria, which might be beneficial to develop a diagnostic approach to predict the risk of operational failure when Zn(II) shock occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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147
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Han X, Peng S, Zhang L, Lu P, Zhang D. The Co-occurrence of DNRA and Anammox during the anaerobic degradation of benzene under denitrification. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125968. [PMID: 32069733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It was revealed that Anammox process promotes the anaerobic degradation of benzene under denitrification. This study investigates the effect of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and exogenous ammonium on anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (AnAOB) during the anaerobic degradation of benzene under denitrification. The results indicate that anammox occurs synergistically with organisms using the DNRA pathway, such as Draconibacterium and Ignavibacterium. Phylogenetic analysis showed 64% (16/25) and 36% (5/25) hzsB gene sequences, a specific biomarker of AnAOB, belonged to Candidatus 'Brocadia fuldiga' and Candidatus 'Kuenenia', respectively. Exogenous ammonium addition enhanced the anammox process and accelerated benzene degradation at a 1.89-fold higher average rate compared to that in the absence of exogenous ammonium and AnAOB belonged to Ca. 'Kuenenia' (84%) and Ca. 'Brocadia fuldiga' (16%). These results indicate that Ca. 'Brocadia fuldiga' could also play a role in DNRA. However, the diversity of abcA and bamA, the key anaerobic benzene metabolism biomarkers, remained unchanged. These findings suggest that anammox occurrence may be coupled with DNRA or exogenous ammonium and that anammox promotes anaerobic benzene degradation under denitrifying conditions. The results of this study contribute to understanding the co-occurrence of DNRA and Anammox and help explore their involvement in degradation of benzene, which will be crucial for directing remediation strategies of benzene-contaminated anoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkuan Han
- Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Shuchan Peng
- Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Lilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400044, China; Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Peili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400044, China; Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Daijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400044, China; Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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148
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Chen H, Mao YY, Jin RC. What's the variation in anammox reactor performance after single and joint temperature based shocks? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136609. [PMID: 31955101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was used to investigate the effects of temperature-based (single and combined with loading) shocks on the performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactor. The reactor was tolerant to 15 °C and 25 °C shocks; however, temperature shock of 55 °C led to severe accumulation of effluent NO2--N (>100 mg L-1), which induced substrate inhibition. Although the shock experiments achieved a maximum effluent NO2--N concentration of 205.4 mg L-1 after a hydraulic retention time-substrate concentration shock at 25 °C, the inhibition was still reversible. During the experiments, the content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) increased significantly after each shock to protect the anammox bacteria, and the value decreased correspondingly at the end of the recovery phase. The specific anammox activity showed the opposite tendency compared with that of the EPS. The performance of anammox reactor under a series of short-term temperature shocks was investigated, and the results can provide new ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Mao
- Appraisal Center for Eco-environment & Engineering of Chongqing, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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149
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Wang S, Pi Y, Song Y, Jiang Y, Zhou L, Liu W, Zhu G. Hotspot of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) process in freshwater sediments of riparian zones. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115539. [PMID: 32065936 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), an important intermediate process in the N-cycle, links N-compound oxidation and reduction processes. Hence, the oxic-anoxic interface would be the hotspot of the DNRA process. In freshwater ecosystems, the riparian zone is the most typical carrier of the oxic-anoxic interface. Here we report spatio-temporal evidence of a higher abundance and rate of DNRA in the riparian zone than in the open water sediments based on molecular and 15N isotopic-tracing technologies, hence signifying a hotspot for the DNRA process. These abudance and rates were significantly higher than those in open water sediments. 15N isotopic paring technology revealed that the DNRA hotspot promoted higher rates of N-compound oxidation (NO2-), reduction (NO3- and DNRA), and N2 production (anammox and denitrification) in the riparian zone than those in open water sediment. However, high-through sequencing analysis showed that the DNRA bacteria in the riparian zone and openwater sediments were insignificantly different. Network and correlation analysis showed that the DNRA abundance and rates were significantly positively correlated with TOM, TC/NH4+, and TC/NO2-, but not with the dominant genera (Anaeromyxobacter, Lacunisphaera, and Sorangium), which played different roles on the connection in the respective community networks. The DNRA process in the riparian zone could be driven mainly by the related environmental biogeochemical characteristics induced by anthropogenic changes, followed by microbial processes. This result provides valuable information for the management of riparian zones because anthropogenic changes in the riparian water table are expected to increase, inducing consequent changes in the reduction from NO3- to NH4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Pi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Song
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liguang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guibing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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150
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Lu Y, Ding Z, Gao K, Duo Z, Xu S, Zhao X, Li W, Zheng P. The effect of hydraulic retention time on ammonia and nitrate bio-removal over nitrite process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:1275-1283. [PMID: 30301408 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1530697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia and Nitrate Bio-removal Over Nitrite (ANBON) is a new biological process, which couples denitratation with Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) to carry out simultaneous removal of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen. The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the performance of ANBON process was investigated. The results showed that the optimal HRT was about 0.7 h and the nitrogen removal rate was 26.2 ± 0.7 g N·L-1·d-1, which was at top level reported in previous literatures. The change of HRT was found to trigger the change of microbial community in the reactor, which exerted a great effect on the performance of ANBON process. The community analysis based on 16S rRNA gene indicated that Halomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia were the dominant functional bacteria in the denitratation unit and the ANAMMOX unit respectively. These results are helpful for the development and application of ANBON process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- College of National Defense Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Ding
- College of National Defense Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijun Duo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Zhao
- College of National Defense Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab Water Pollution control & Environmental, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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