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Genome-wide identification and characterization of aquaporin genes (AQPs) in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:1131-45. [PMID: 24972664 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are members of a superfamily of integral membrane proteins and play a significant role in the transportation of small molecules across membranes. However, currently little is known about the AQP genes in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). In this study, a genome-wide analysis was carried out to identify the AQP genes in Chinese cabbage. In total, 53 non-redundant AQP genes were identified that were located on all of the 10 chromosomes. The number of AQP genes in Chinese cabbage was greater than in Arabidopsis. They were classified into four subfamilies, including PIP, TIP, NIP, and SIP. Thirty-three groups of AQP orthologous genes were identified between Chinese cabbage and Arabidopsis, but orthologs corresponding to AtNIP1;1 and AtPIP2;8 were not detected. Seventeen groups of paralogous genes were identified in Chinese cabbage. Three-dimensional models of the AQPs of Chinese cabbage were constructed using Phyre2, and ar/R selectivity filters were analyzed comparatively between Chinese cabbage and Arabidopsis. Generally, gene structure was conserved within each subfamily, especially in the SIP subfamily. Intron loss events have occurred during the evolution of the PIP, TIP, and NIP subfamilies. The expression of AQP genes in Chinese cabbage was analyzed in different organs. Most AQP genes were downregulated in response to salt stress. This work shows that the AQP genes of Chinese cabbage have undergone triplication and subsequent biased gene loss.
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102
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Aquaporin-facilitated transmembrane diffusion of hydrogen peroxide. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1596-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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103
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Chaumont F, Tyerman SD. Aquaporins: highly regulated channels controlling plant water relations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1600-18. [PMID: 24449709 PMCID: PMC3982727 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.233791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are dependent on tight regulation of water movement. Water diffusion across cell membranes is facilitated by aquaporins that provide plants with the means to rapidly and reversibly modify water permeability. This is done by changing aquaporin density and activity in the membrane, including posttranslational modifications and protein interaction that act on their trafficking and gating. At the whole organ level aquaporins modify water conductance and gradients at key "gatekeeper" cell layers that impact on whole plant water flow and plant water potential. In this way they may act in concert with stomatal regulation to determine the degree of isohydry/anisohydry. Molecular, physiological, and biophysical approaches have demonstrated that variations in root and leaf hydraulic conductivity can be accounted for by aquaporins but this must be integrated with anatomical considerations. This Update integrates these data and emphasizes the central role played by aquaporins in regulating plant water relations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4–L7.07.14, B–1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (F.C.); and
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (S.D.T.)
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104
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Bárzana G, Aroca R, Bienert GP, Chaumont F, Ruiz-Lozano JM. New insights into the regulation of aquaporins by the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in maize plants under drought stress and possible implications for plant performance. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:349-63. [PMID: 24593244 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-13-0268-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between modulation by arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) of aquaporin expression in the host plant and changes in root hydraulic conductance, plant water status, and performance under stressful conditions is not well known. This investigation aimed to elucidate how the AM symbiosis modulates the expression of the whole set of aquaporin genes in maize plants under different growing and drought stress conditions, as well as to characterize some of these aquaporins in order to shed further light on the molecules that may be involved in the mycorrhizal responses to drought. The AM symbiosis regulated a wide number of aquaporins in the host plant, comprising members of the different aquaporin subfamilies. The regulation of these genes depends on the watering conditions and the severity of the drought stress imposed. Some of these aquaporins can transport water and also other molecules which are of physiological importance for plant performance. AM plants grew and developed better than non-AM plants under the different conditions assayed. Thus, for the first time, this study relates the well-known better performance of AM plants under drought stress to not only the water movement in their tissues but also the mobilization of N compounds, glycerol, signaling molecules, or metalloids with a role in abiotic stress tolerance. Future studies should elucidate the specific function of each aquaporin isoform regulated by the AM symbiosis in order to shed further light on how the symbiosis alters the plant fitness under stressful conditions.
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105
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Yaneff A, Sigaut L, Marquez M, Alleva K, Pietrasanta LI, Amodeo G. Heteromerization of PIP aquaporins affects their intrinsic permeability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:231-6. [PMID: 24367080 PMCID: PMC3890845 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1316537111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant aquaporin plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP) subfamily represents one of the main gateways for water exchange at the plasma membrane (PM). A fraction of this subfamily, known as PIP1, does not reach the PM unless they are coexpressed with a PIP2 aquaporin. Although ubiquitous and abundantly expressed, the role and properties of PIP1 aquaporins have therefore remained masked. Here, we unravel how FaPIP1;1, a fruit-specific PIP1 aquaporin from Fragaria x ananassa, contributes to the modulation of membrane water permeability (Pf) and pH aquaporin regulation. Our approach was to combine an experimental and mathematical model design to test its activity without affecting its trafficking dynamics. We demonstrate that FaPIP1;1 has a high water channel activity when coexpressed as well as how PIP1-PIP2 affects gating sensitivity in terms of cytosolic acidification. PIP1-PIP2 random heterotetramerization not only allows FaPIP1;1 to arrive at the PM but also produces an enhancement of FaPIP2;1 activity. In this context, we propose that FaPIP1;1 is a key participant in the regulation of water movement across the membranes of cells expressing both aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Yaneff
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental and Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Lorena Sigaut
- Centro de Microscopías Avanzadas and Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Marquez
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental and Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Karina Alleva
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental and Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Lía Isabel Pietrasanta
- Centro de Microscopías Avanzadas and Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental and Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
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106
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Wang LL, Chen AP, Zhong NQ, Liu N, Wu XM, Wang F, Yang CL, Romero MF, Xia GX. The Thellungiella salsuginea tonoplast aquaporin TsTIP1;2 functions in protection against multiple abiotic stresses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:148-61. [PMID: 24214268 PMCID: PMC3894706 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Examination of aquaporin (AQP) membrane channels in extremophile plants may increase our understanding of plant tolerance to high salt, drought or other conditions. Here, we cloned a tonoplast AQP gene (TsTIP1;2) from the halophyte Thellungiella salsuginea and characterized its biological functions. TsTIP1;2 transcripts accumulate to high levels in several organs, increasing in response to multiple external stimuli. Ectopic overexpression of TsTIP1;2 in Arabidopsis significantly increased plant tolerance to drought, salt and oxidative stresses. TsTIP1;2 had water channel activity when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. TsTIP1;2 was also able to conduct H₂O₂ molecules into yeast cells in response to oxidative stress. TsTIP1;2 was not permeable to Na(+) in Xenopus oocytes, but it could facilitate the entry of Na(+) ions into plant cell vacuoles by an indirect process under high-salinity conditions. Collectively, these data showed that TsTIP1;2 could mediate the conduction of both H₂O and H₂O₂ across membranes, and may act as a multifunctional contributor to survival of T. salsuginea in highly stressful habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - An-Ping Chen
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Nai-Qin Zhong
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Xiao-Min Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Michael F. Romero
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Gui-Xian Xia
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing, 100101 China
- *Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax: +86 10 64845674
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107
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Venkatesh J, Yu JW, Park SW. Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of the Solanum tuberosum aquaporins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 73:392-404. [PMID: 24215931 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins belongs to the major intrinsic proteins involved in the transcellular membrane transport of water and other small solutes. A comprehensive genome-wide search for the homologues of Solanum tuberosum major intrinsic protein (MIP) revealed 41 full-length potato aquaporin genes. All potato aquaporins are grouped into five subfamilies; plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs) and x-intrinsic proteins (XIPs). Functional predictions based on the aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filters and Froger's positions showed a remarkable difference in substrate transport specificity among subfamilies. The expression pattern of potato aquaporins, examined by qPCR analysis, showed distinct expression profiles in various organs and tuber developmental stages. Furthermore, qPCR analysis of potato plantlets, subjected to various abiotic stresses revealed the marked effect of stresses on expression levels of aquaporins. Taken together, the expression profiles of aquaporins imply that aquaporins play important roles in plant growth and development, in addition to maintaining water homeostasis in response to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelli Venkatesh
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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108
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Lopez D, Venisse JS, Fumanal B, Chaumont F, Guillot E, Daniels MJ, Cochard H, Julien JL, Gousset-Dupont A. Aquaporins and leaf hydraulics: poplar sheds new light. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:1963-1975. [PMID: 24058149 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To help understand leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) modulation under high irradiance, well-watered poplars (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray ex Hook and Populus nigra L.) were studied diurnally at molecular and ecophysiological scales. Transcriptional and translational modulations of plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) aquaporins were evaluated in leaf samples during diurnal time courses. Among the 15 poplar PIP genes, a subset of two PIP1s and seven PIP2s are precociously induced within the first hour of the photoperiod concomitantly with a Kleaf increase. Since expression patterns were cyclic and reproducible over several days, we hypothesized that endogenous signals could be involved in PIP transcriptional regulation. To address this question, plants were submitted to forced darkness during their subjective photoperiod and compared with their control counterparts, which showed that some PIP1s and PIP2s have circadian regulation while others did not. Promoter analysis revealed that a large number of hormone, light, stress response and circadian elements are present. Finally, involvement of aquaporins is supported by the reduction of Kleaf by HgCl2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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109
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Reuscher S, Akiyama M, Mori C, Aoki K, Shibata D, Shiratake K. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of aquaporins in tomato. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79052. [PMID: 24260152 PMCID: PMC3834038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of aquaporins, also called water channels or major intrinsic proteins, is characterized by six transmembrane domains that together facilitate the transport of water and a variety of low molecular weight solutes. They are found in all domains of life, but show their highest diversity in plants. Numerous studies identified aquaporins as important targets for improving plant performance under drought stress. The phylogeny of aquaporins is well established based on model species like Arabidopsis thaliana, which can be used as a template to investigate aquaporins in other species. In this study we comprehensively identified aquaporin encoding genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), which is an important vegetable crop and also serves as a model for fleshy fruit development. We found 47 aquaporin genes in the tomato genome and analyzed their structural features. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences the aquaporin genes were assigned to five subfamilies (PIPs, TIPs, NIPs, SIPs and XIPs) and their substrate specificity was assessed on the basis of key amino acid residues. As ESTs were available for 32 genes, expression of these genes was analyzed in 13 different tissues and developmental stages of tomato. We detected tissue-specific and development-specific expression of tomato aquaporin genes, which is a first step towards revealing the contribution of aquaporins to water and solute transport in leaves and during fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reuscher
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahito Akiyama
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chiharu Mori
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koh Aoki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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110
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Li G, Santoni V, Maurel C. Plant aquaporins: roles in plant physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1574-82. [PMID: 24246957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the transport of water and small neutral molecules across biological membranes of most living organisms. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we present comprehensive insights made on plant aquaporins in recent years, pointing to their molecular and physiological specificities with respect to animal or microbial counterparts. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In plants, aquaporins occur as multiple isoforms reflecting a high diversity of cellular localizations and various physiological substrates in addition to water. Of particular relevance for plants is the transport by aquaporins of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide or metalloids such as boric or silicic acid. The mechanisms that determine the gating and subcellular localization of plant aquaporins are extensively studied. They allow aquaporin regulation in response to multiple environmental and hormonal stimuli. Thus, aquaporins play key roles in hydraulic regulation and nutrient transport in roots and leaves. They contribute to several plant growth and developmental processes such as seed germination or emergence of lateral roots. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Plants with genetically altered aquaporin functions are now tested for their ability to improve plant resistance to stresses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Li
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Véronique Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France.
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111
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Deshmukh RK, Vivancos J, Guérin V, Sonah H, Labbé C, Belzile F, Bélanger RR. Identification and functional characterization of silicon transporters in soybean using comparative genomics of major intrinsic proteins in Arabidopsis and rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:303-15. [PMID: 23771580 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) confers several benefits to many plant species when absorbed as silicic acid through nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs). The NIPs belong to major intrinsic protein (MIP) family, members of which form channels with high selectivity to control transport of water and different solutes. Here, comparative genomic analysis of the MIPs was performed to investigate the presence of Si transporter MIPs in soybean. Thorough analysis of phylogeny, gene organization, transcriptome profiling and protein modeling was performed to characterize MIPs in rice, Arabidopsis and soybean. Based on several attributes, two putative Si transporter genes, GmNIP2-1 and GmNIP2-2, were identified, characterized and cloned from soybean. Expression of both genes was detected in shoot and root tissues, and decreased as Si increased. The protein encoded by GmNIP2-2 showed functionality for Si transport when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, thus confirming the genetic capability of soybean to absorb the element. Comparative analysis of MIPs in plants provides opportunities to decipher gene evolution, functionality and selectivity of nutrient uptake mechanisms. Exploitation of this strategy has helped to uncover unique features of MIPs in soybean. The identification and functional characterization of Si transporters can be exploited to optimize the benefits that plants can derive from Si absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh K Deshmukh
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
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112
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Bienert GP, Heinen RB, Berny MC, Chaumont F. Maize plasma membrane aquaporin ZmPIP2;5, but not ZmPIP1;2, facilitates transmembrane diffusion of hydrogen peroxide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:216-22. [PMID: 23994602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant aquaporins play important roles in transmembrane water transport processes, but some also facilitate the diffusion of other small uncharged solutes ranging from gases to metalloids. Recent evidence suggests that the transmembrane movement of hydrogen peroxide, an intra- and intercellular multifunctional signaling and defense compound, can be regulated by aquaporins. We addressed the question whether maize aquaporins belonging to the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) subfamily facilitate hydrogen peroxide diffusion using heterologous expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We showed that ZmPIP proteins belonging to the PIP1 and PIP2 groups were significantly expressed in yeast cells only after codon optimization of their cDNA. In accordance with previous localization studies in oocytes and plants, ZmPIP1;2 was mainly retained in intracellular membranes, while ZmPIP2;5 was localized to the plasma membrane. However, upon co-expression with ZmPIP2;5, ZmPIP1;2 was re-localized to the plasma membrane. Using a non-functional plasma membrane-localized ZmPIP2;5 mutant to deliver ZmPIP1;2 to the plasma membrane, we demonstrated that, in contrast to wild type ZmPIP2;5, ZmPIP1;2 was not permeable to hydrogen peroxide. Our study further highlighted the fact that, when using the yeast system, which is widely employed to study substrates for plant aquaporins and other transporters, although positive transport assay results allow direct conclusions to be drawn regarding solute permeability, negative results require additional control experiments to show that the protein is expressed and localized correctly before concluding on the lack of transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd P Bienert
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Croix du Sud, 4-L7.07.14, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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113
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Lawrence SD, Novak NG, Xu H, Cooke JE. Herbivory of maize by southern corn rootworm induces expression of the major intrinsic protein ZmNIP1;1 and leads to the discovery of a novel aquaporin ZmPIP2;8. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e24937. [PMID: 23673351 PMCID: PMC3999062 DOI: 10.4161/psb.24937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins channel water and other neutral molecules through cell membranes. Aquaporin gene expression is subject to transcriptional control and can be modulated by factors affecting water balance such as salt, abscisic acid and drought. During infestation of maize by southern corn rootworm (SCR), an insect that chews into and significantly damages maize roots, three maize aquaporins were differentially expressed upon prolonged infestation. Using a brief infestation of maize roots ZmNIP1;1 transcript abundance again increased under infestation while expression of a new aquaporin, ZmPIP2;8 and ZmTIP2;2 expression did not change. Since ZmPIP2;8 has not been described previously, the deduced protein sequence was analyzed in silico and found to contain the hallmarks of plant aquaporins, with a predicted protein structure similar to other functionally characterized PIP2s. NIPs characterized to date have been implicated in facilitating the movement of a variety of small molecules, while TIPs and PIPs often have the capacity to facilitate trans-membrane movement of water. Functional assays (using heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes) of ZmTIP2;2 and ZmPIP2;8 confirmed that these aquaporins demonstrate water channel capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Lawrence
- USDA-ARS; Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Lab; BARC-West; Beltsville, MD USA
| | - Nicole G. Novak
- USDA-ARS; Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Lab; BARC-West; Beltsville, MD USA
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Janice E.K. Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton, AB Canada
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114
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Azad AK, Hanawa R, Ishikawa T, Sawa Y, Shibata H. Expression profiles of aquaporin homologues and petal movement during petal development in Tulipa gesneriana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 148:397-407. [PMID: 23088645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have characterized two tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) and four plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) from the 2-day-old petals of tulip (Tulipa gesneriana). In this study, we analyzed the development of tulip petals and stems, temperature-dependent petal movement, the amount of ³H₂O transported into petals and stems during petal movement, and the transcript levels of two TIP (TgTIP1;1 and TgTIP1;2) and four TgPIP genes in petals and stems, from the first day of petal opening to day 12. The development of the petals and stems was completed by days 6 and 9, respectively, after the first day of petal opening. Temperature-dependent petal movement and the amount of ³H₂O that was transported into petals could be detected at significant levels up to day 6 with petal movement reaching a peak at day 3. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that TgTIP1;1 and TgTIP1;2 were expressed ubiquitously in petals, stems, leaves, bulbs and roots. However, the expression level of TgTIP1;2 was very low in bulbs. The expression of both TgTIP1 genes was upregulated in close association with the development of petals but not with that of the stem. The four TgPIP genes were expressed at almost the same level during the development of the petals and the stem. However, the levels of the TgTIP1 and TgPIP transcripts in petals decreased during the course of petal wilting from day 9 onwards. These results suggest that TgTIP1;1 and TgTIP1;2 may contribute to petal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan.
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115
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Luu DT, Maurel C. Aquaporin Trafficking in Plant Cells: An Emerging Membrane-Protein Model. Traffic 2013; 14:629-35. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes; UMR 5004 CNRS/UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2; F-34060; Montpellier Cedex 2; France
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116
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Petrova DP, Khabudaev KV, Marchenkov AM, Galachyants YP, Kalyuzhnaya OV, Zakharova YR, Likhoshvai EV, Grachev MA. Aquaporin-like protein of the diatom Synedra acus. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2013; 448:5-8. [PMID: 23478976 DOI: 10.1134/s160767291301002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D P Petrova
- Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Ulan-Batorskaya 3, Irkutsk, Russia
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117
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Barigah TS, Bonhomme M, Lopez D, Traore A, Douris M, Venisse JS, Cochard H, Badel E. Modulation of bud survival in Populus nigra sprouts in response to water stress-induced embolism. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 33:261-74. [PMID: 23467748 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding drought tolerance mechanisms requires knowledge about the induced weakness that leads to tree death. Bud survival is vital to sustain tree growth across seasons. We hypothesized that the hydraulic connection of the bud to stem xylem structures was critical for its survival. During an artificial drastic water stress, we carried out a census of bud metabolic activity of young Populus nigra L. trees by microcalorimetry. We monitored transcript expression of aquaporins (AQPs; plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), X intrinsic proteins (XIPs) and tonoplast membrane intrinsic proteins (TIPs)) and measured local water status within the bud and tissues in the bearer shoot node by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. We found that the bud respiration rate was closely correlated with its water content and decreased concomitantly in buds and their surrounding bearer tissues. At the molecular level, we observed a modulation of AQP pattern expressions (PIP, TIP and XIP subfamilies) linked to water movements in living cells. However, AQP functions remain to be investigated. Both the bud and tree died beyond a threshold water content and respiration rate. Nuclear magnetic resonance images provided relevant local information about the various water reservoirs of the stem, their dynamics and their interconnections. Comparison of pith, xylem and cambium tissues revealed that the hydraulic connection between the bud and saturated parenchyma cells around the pith allowed bud desiccation to be delayed. At the tree death date, NMR images showed that the cambium tissues remained largely hydrated. Overall, the respiration rate (Rco2) and a few AQP isoforms were found to be two suitable, complementary criteria to assess the bud metabolic activity and the ability to survive a severe drought spell. Bud moisture content could be a key factor in determining the capacity of poplar to recover from water stress.
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118
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A Brief Analysis of Subcellular Distribution and Physiological Functions of Plant Aquaporins*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Giovannetti M, Balestrini R, Volpe V, Guether M, Straub D, Costa A, Ludewig U, Bonfante P. Two putative-aquaporin genes are differentially expressed during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Lotus japonicus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:186. [PMID: 23046713 PMCID: PMC3533510 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are widespread symbioses that provide great advantages to the plant, improving its nutritional status and allowing the fungus to complete its life cycle. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of AM symbiosis are not yet fully deciphered. Here, we have focused on two putative aquaporin genes, LjNIP1 and LjXIP1, which resulted to be upregulated in a transcriptomic analysis performed on mycorrhizal roots of Lotus japonicus. RESULTS A phylogenetic analysis has shown that the two putative aquaporins belong to different functional families: NIPs and XIPs. Transcriptomic experiments have shown the independence of their expression from their nutritional status but also a close correlation with mycorrhizal and rhizobial interaction. Further transcript quantification has revealed a good correlation between the expression of one of them, LjNIP1, and LjPT4, the phosphate transporter which is considered a marker gene for mycorrhizal functionality. By using laser microdissection, we have demonstrated that one of the two genes, LjNIP1, is expressed exclusively in arbuscule-containing cells. LjNIP1, in agreement with its putative role as an aquaporin, is capable of transferring water when expressed in yeast protoplasts. Confocal analysis have demonstrated that eGFP-LjNIP1, under its endogenous promoter, accumulates in the inner membrane system of arbusculated cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results have shown different functionality and expression specificity of two mycorrhiza-inducible aquaporins in L. japonicus. One of them, LjNIP1 can be considered a novel molecular marker of mycorrhizal status at different developmental stages of the arbuscule. At the same time, LjXIP1 results to be the first XIP family aquaporin to be transcriptionally regulated during symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giovannetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino and IPP-CNR, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino and IPP-CNR, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Veronica Volpe
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino and IPP-CNR, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Mike Guether
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino and IPP-CNR, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstrasse 16, Karlsruhe, D-76187, Germany
| | - Daniel Straub
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 20, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 20, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino and IPP-CNR, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy
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121
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A conserved cysteine residue is involved in disulfide bond formation between plant plasma membrane aquaporin monomers. Biochem J 2012; 445:101-11. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AQPs (aquaporins) are conserved in all kingdoms of life and facilitate the rapid diffusion of water and/or other small solutes across cell membranes. Among the different plant AQPs, PIPs (plasma membrane intrinsic proteins), which fall into two phylogenetic groups, PIP1 and PIP2, play key roles in plant water transport processes. PIPs form tetramers in which each monomer acts as a functional channel. The intermolecular interactions that stabilize PIP oligomer complexes and are responsible for the resistance of PIP dimers to denaturating conditions are not well characterized. In the present study, we identified a highly conserved cysteine residue in loop A of PIP1 and PIP2 proteins and demonstrated by mutagenesis that it is involved in the formation of a disulfide bond between two monomers. Although this cysteine seems not to be involved in regulation of trafficking to the plasma membrane, activity, substrate selectivity or oxidative gating of ZmPIP1s (Zm is Zea mays), ZmPIP2s and hetero-oligomers, it increases oligomer stability under denaturating conditions. In addition, when PIP1 and PIP2 are co-expressed, the loop A cysteine of ZmPIP1;2, but not that of ZmPIP2;5, is involved in the mercury sensitivity of the channels.
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Ruiz-Lozano JM, Porcel R, Azcón C, Aroca R. Regulation by arbuscular mycorrhizae of the integrated physiological response to salinity in plants: new challenges in physiological and molecular studies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:4033-44. [PMID: 22553287 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Excessive salt accumulation in soils is a major ecological and agronomical problem, in particular in arid and semi-arid areas. Excessive soil salinity affects the establishment, development, and growth of plants, resulting in important losses in productivity. Plants have evolved biochemical and molecular mechanisms that may act in a concerted manner and constitute the integrated physiological response to soil salinity. These include the synthesis and accumulation of compatible solutes to avoid cell dehydration and maintain root water uptake, the regulation of ion homeostasis to control ion uptake by roots, compartmentation and transport into shoots, the fine regulation of water uptake and distribution to plant tissues by the action of aquaporins, the reduction of oxidative damage through improved antioxidant capacity and the maintenance of photosynthesis at values adequate for plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can help the host plants to cope with the detrimental effects of high soil salinity. There is evidence that AM symbiosis affects and regulates several of the above mentioned mechanisms, but the molecular bases of such effects are almost completely unknown. This review summarizes current knowledge about the effects of AM symbiosis on these physiological mechanisms, emphasizing new perspectives and challenges in physiological and molecular studies on salt-stress alleviation by AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Dpto Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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Lopez D, Bronner G, Brunel N, Auguin D, Bourgerie S, Brignolas F, Carpin S, Tournaire-Roux C, Maurel C, Fumanal B, Martin F, Sakr S, Label P, Julien JL, Gousset-Dupont A, Venisse JS. Insights into Populus XIP aquaporins: evolutionary expansion, protein functionality, and environmental regulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:2217-30. [PMID: 22223812 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel category of major intrinsic proteins which share weak similarities with previously identified aquaporin subfamilies was recently identified in land plants, and named X (for unrecognized) intrinsic proteins (XIPs). Because XIPs are still ranked as uncharacterized proteins, their further molecular characterization is required. Herein, a systematic fine-scale analysis of XIP sequences found in flowering plant databases revealed that XIPs are found in at least five groups. The phylogenetic relationship of these five groups with the phylogenetic organization of angiosperms revealed an original pattern of evolution for the XIP subfamily through distinct angiosperm taxon-specific clades. Of all flowering plant having XIPs, the genus Populus encompasses the broadest panel and the highest polymorphism of XIP isoforms, with nine PtXIP sequences distributed within three XIP groups. Comprehensive PtXIP gene expression patterns showed that only two isoforms (PtXIP2;1 and PtXIP3;2) were transcribed in vegetative tissues. However, their patterns are contrasted, PtXIP2;1 was ubiquitously accumulated whereas PtXIP3;2 was predominantly detected in wood and to a lesser extent in roots. Furthermore, only PtXIP2;1 exhibited a differential expression in leaves and stems of drought-, salicylic acid-, or wounding-challenged plants. Unexpectedly, the PtXIPs displayed different abilities to alter water transport upon expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes. PtXIP2;1 and PtXIP3;3 transported water while other PtXIPs did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lopez
- Université Blaise Pascal UMRA 547 PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Anderberg HI, Kjellbom P, Johanson U. Annotation of Selaginella moellendorffii Major Intrinsic Proteins and the Evolution of the Protein Family in Terrestrial Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:33. [PMID: 22639644 PMCID: PMC3355642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) also called aquaporins form pores in membranes to facilitate the permeation of water and certain small polar solutes across membranes. MIPs are present in virtually every organism but are uniquely abundant in land plants. To elucidate the evolution and function of MIPs in terrestrial plants, the MIPs encoded in the genome of the spikemoss Selaginella moellendorffii were identified and analyzed. In total 19 MIPs were found in S. moellendorffii belonging to 6 of the 7 MIP subfamilies previously identified in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Only three of the MIPs were classified as members of the conserved water specific plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) subfamily whereas almost half were found to belong to the diverse NOD26-like intrinsic protein (NIP) subfamily permeating various solutes. The small number of PIPs in S. moellendorffii is striking compared to all other land plants and no other species has more NIPs than PIPs. Similar to moss, S. moellendorffii only has one type of tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP). Based on ESTs from non-angiosperms we conclude that the specialized groups of TIPs present in higher plants are not found in primitive vascular plants but evolved later in a common ancestor of seed plants. We also note that the silicic acid permeable NIP2 group that has been reported from angiosperms appears at the same time. We suggest that the expansion of the number MIP isoforms in higher plants is primarily associated with an increase in the different types of specialized tissues rather than the emergence of vascular tissue per se and that the loss of subfamilies has been possible due to a functional overlap between some subfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna I. Anderberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Per Kjellbom
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Urban Johanson
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Urban Johanson, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden. e-mail:
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Gupta AB, Verma RK, Agarwal V, Vajpai M, Bansal V, Sankararamakrishnan R. MIPModDB: a central resource for the superfamily of major intrinsic proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:D362-9. [PMID: 22080560 PMCID: PMC3245135 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The channel proteins belonging to the major intrinsic proteins (MIP) superfamily are diverse and are found in all forms of life. Water-transporting aquaporin and glycerol-specific aquaglyceroporin are the prototype members of the MIP superfamily. MIPs have also been shown to transport other neutral molecules and gases across the membrane. They have internal homology and possess conserved sequence motifs. By analyzing a large number of publicly available genome sequences, we have identified more than 1000 MIPs from diverse organisms. We have developed a database MIPModDB which will be a unified resource for all MIPs. For each MIP entry, this database contains information about the source, gene structure, sequence features, substitutions in the conserved NPA motifs, structural model, the residues forming the selectivity filter and channel radius profile. For selected set of MIPs, it is possible to derive structure-based sequence alignment and evolutionary relationship. Sequences and structures of selected MIPs can be downloaded from MIPModDB database which is freely available at http://bioinfo.iitk.ac.in/MIPModDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bansal Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Vatsal Agarwal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Manu Vajpai
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Vivek Bansal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ramasubbu Sankararamakrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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Almeida-Rodriguez AM, Hacke UG, Laur J. Influence of evaporative demand on aquaporin expression and root hydraulics of hybrid poplar. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:1318-31. [PMID: 21477124 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
When light levels and evaporative demand increase, dynamic physiological changes in roots may be required to restore the water balance at the whole plant level. We hypothesized that a dynamic increase in root hydraulic conductance (L(P)) and aquaporin (AQP) expression could moderate the transpiration-induced drop in water potential (Ψ), allowing continued gas exchange in hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa × deltoides) saplings. Fifty-six AQPs have been identified in poplar, but little information about their expression patterns in roots is available, especially from a whole-plant water relations perspective. We measured AQP expression and L(P) in plants subjected to different levels of light and evaporative demand. Shaded plants had only one-tenth the root area of plants growing at higher light levels. Shade-grown saplings experiencing a sudden increase in light exhibited a threefold higher L(P) than plants remaining in shade. This dynamic increase in L(P) corresponded with increased transcript abundance of 15 AQPs out of a total of 33 genes simultaneously assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. The tissue-level localization of transcripts of four AQPs was studied with in situ hybridization. Comprehensive expression profiling in conjunction with physiological and morphological measurements is a valuable reference for future studies on AQP function in poplar.
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